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Tevetoğlu F, Çomunoğlu N, Yener HM. The impact of the tumor immune microenvironment and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subgroups on laryngeal cancer prognosis. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241266087. [PMID: 39044316 PMCID: PMC11271122 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241266087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The absence of improvement in survival rates across various cancers, including laryngeal cancer, has led to an increasing interest in understanding the immune response to cancer. In head and neck cancers, immune modulatory mechanisms such as immune microenvironment and immune infiltration are important in cancer pathogenesis. This study aims to explore the distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subgroups in the immune microenvironment and evaluate their impact on tumor histopathological characteristics and prognosis. The study included 50 patients who underwent laryngectomy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, in Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Medicine Department of Otorhinolaryngology, between January 2016 and January 2018. Pathology specimens were evaluated using immunohistochemistry to assess the expressions of the CD3, CD20, CD8, CD4, CD25, and FoxP3 markers, identifying subgroups of TILs. The investigation aimed to uncover how these subgroups influence tumor histopathological features and survival outcomes. The high infiltration of CD3, CD20, and CD4 had a positive impact on disease-specific survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence-free survival. In addition, overall survival was positively affected by high CD3 and CD4 infiltrations. However, no significant relationship was observed between the expressions of CD8, FoxP3, and CD25 and any of the survival parameters. The infiltration of CD3, CD20, and CD4 positive cells indicative of a robust antitumoral immune response-emerged as favorable prognostic factors in laryngeal cancer. These findings suggest that enhancing the infiltration of CD3, CD20, and CD4 lymphocytes could be a therapeutic strategy worth exploring in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fırat Tevetoğlu
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul University – Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nil Çomunoğlu
- Pathology Department, Istanbul University – Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Haydar Murat Yener
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul University – Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Türkiye
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2
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Wang Z, Cho H, Choyke P, Levy D, Sato N. A Mathematical Model of TCR-T Cell Therapy for Cervical Cancer. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:57. [PMID: 38625492 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-024-01261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Engineered T cell receptor (TCR)-expressing T (TCR-T) cells are intended to drive strong anti-tumor responses upon recognition of the specific cancer antigen, resulting in rapid expansion in the number of TCR-T cells and enhanced cytotoxic functions, causing cancer cell death. However, although TCR-T cell therapy against cancers has shown promising results, it remains difficult to predict which patients will benefit from such therapy. We develop a mathematical model to identify mechanisms associated with an insufficient response in a mouse cancer model. We consider a dynamical system that follows the population of cancer cells, effector TCR-T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and "non-cancer-killing" TCR-T cells. We demonstrate that the majority of TCR-T cells within the tumor are "non-cancer-killing" TCR-T cells, such as exhausted cells, which contribute little or no direct cytotoxicity in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We also establish two important factors influencing tumor regression: the reversal of the immunosuppressive TME following depletion of Tregs, and the increased number of effector TCR-T cells with antitumor activity. Using mathematical modeling, we show that certain parameters, such as increasing the cytotoxicity of effector TCR-T cells and modifying the number of TCR-T cells, play important roles in determining outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuping Wang
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Heyrim Cho
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Peter Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Doron Levy
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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3
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Yang TT, Liu PJ, Sun QY, Wang ZY, Yuan GB, Fan ZX, Ma L, Lu JF, Yuan BY, Zou WL, Zhao LM, Li Q, Liu GZ. CD4 +CD25 + regulatory T cells ex vivo generated from autologous naïve CD4 + T cells suppress EAE progression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6262. [PMID: 38491084 PMCID: PMC10943184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, we aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy and safety of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) utilizing induced antigen-specific Tregs in an animal model of MS, that is, in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. B cells from EAE model that were activated with soluble CD40L were used as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to induce the differentiation of antigen-specific Tregs from naïve CD4 precursors, and then, a stepwise isolation of CD4+CD25highCD127low Tregs was performed using a flow sorter. All EAE mice were divided into Treg-treated group (2 × 104 cells in 0.2 mL per mouse, n = 14) and sham-treated group (0.2 mL normal saline (NS), n = 20), which were observed daily for clinical assessment, and for abnormal appearance for 6 weeks. Afterward, histological analysis, immunofluorescence and real-time PCR were performed. Compared to sham-treated mice, Treg-treated mice exhibited a significant decrease in disease severity scores and reduced inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord. Additionally, Tregs-treated mice demonstrated higher CCN3 protein and mRNA levels than sham-treated mice. The results of this preclinical study further support the therapeutic potential of this ACT approach in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pen-Ju Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Hai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Bin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Xin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Long Zou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Min Zhao
- Experimental Center, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Li Y, Lai S, Kan X. Causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length: mendelian randomization analysis. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:19. [PMID: 38459464 PMCID: PMC10924351 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length remains controversial. METHODS Data on the immune cells were obtained from a previous study with 3,757 participants. Data on telomere length were obtained from the OpenGWAS database. Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data were obtained and screened for eligible instrumental variables (IVs) using the TwoSampleMR package and the Phenoscanner database. To investigate the genetic causality between immune cells and telomere length, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) analysis were used. RESULTS MR analysis showed that there is indeed a genetic causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length. A total of 16 immune cells were successfully validated. A positive correlation was found between telomere length and immune cells such as CD28 + CD45RA + CD8br %CD8br (OR = 1.002, 95%CI: 1.000-1.003). A negative correlation was found between telomere length and immune cells such as Transitional AC (OR = 0.991, 95%CI: 0.984-0.997) (P < 0.05). Reverse MR analysis similarly confirmed that telomere length can affect four types of immune cells, including CD25 on IgD + CD24- (OR = 1.291, 95%CI: 1.060-1.571), at the genetic level. CONCLUSION There is indeed a mutual genetic causality between immune cells and telomere length, which will provide theoretical basis and support for more subsequent clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Li
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shenglin Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xuan Kan
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Liao KL, Bai XF, Friedman A. IL-27 in combination with anti-PD-1 can be anti-cancer or pro-cancer. J Theor Biol 2024; 579:111704. [PMID: 38104658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is known to play opposing roles in immunology. The present paper considers, specifically, the role IL-27 plays in cancer immunotherapy when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1. We first develop a mathematical model for this combination therapy, by a system of Partial Differential Equations, and show agreement with experimental results in mice injected with melanoma cells. We then proceed to simulate tumor volume with IL-27 injection at a variable dose F and anti-PD-1 at a variable dose g. We show that in some range of "small" values of g, as f increases tumor volume decreases as long as fFc(g), where Fc(g) is a monotone increasing function of g. This demonstrates that IL-27 can be both anti-cancer and pro-cancer, depending on the ranges of both anti-PD-1 and IL-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ling Liao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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6
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Udenze D, Trus I, Lipsit S, Napper S, Karniychuk U. Offspring affected with in utero Zika virus infection retain molecular footprints in the bone marrow and blood cells. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2147021. [PMID: 36369716 PMCID: PMC9869997 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2147021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Congenital virus infections, for example cytomegalovirus and rubella virus infections, commonly affect the central nervous and hematological systems in fetuses and offspring. However, interactions between emerging congenital Zika virus and hematological system-bone marrow and blood-in fetuses and offspring are mainly unknown. Our overall goal was to determine whether silent in utero Zika virus infection can cause functional and molecular footprints in the bone marrow and blood of fetuses and offspring. We specifically focused on silent fetal infection because delayed health complications in initially asymptomatic offspring were previously demonstrated in animal and human studies. Using a well-established porcine model for Zika virus infection and a set of cellular and molecular experimental tools, we showed that silent in utero infection causes multi-organ inflammation in fetuses and local inflammation in the fetal bone marrow. In utero infection also caused footprints in the offspring bone marrow and PBMCs. These findings should be considered in a broader clinical context because of growing concerns about health sequelae in cohorts of children affected with congenital Zika virus infection in the Americas. Understanding virus-induced molecular mechanisms of immune activation and inflammation in fetuses may provide targets for early in utero interventions. Also, identifying early biomarkers of in utero-acquired immunopathology in offspring may help to alleviate long-term sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Udenze
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ivan Trus
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Dioscuri Centre for RNA-Protein Interactions in Human Health and Disease, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sean Lipsit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Uladzimir Karniychuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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7
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Thomas AL, Godarova A, Wayman JA, Miraldi ER, Hildeman DA, Chougnet CA. Accumulation of immune-suppressive CD4 + T cells in aging - tempering inflammaging at the expense of immunity. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101836. [PMID: 37632992 PMCID: PMC10840872 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The 'immune risk profile' has been shown to predict mortality in the elderly, highlighting the need to better understand age-related immune dysfunction. While aging leads to many defects affecting all arms of the immune system, this review is focused on the accrual of immuno-suppressive CD4 + T cell populations, including FoxP3 + regulatory T cells, and subsets of IL-10-producing T follicular helper cells. New data suggest that such accumulations constitute feedback mechanisms to temper the ongoing progressive low-grade inflammation that develops with age, the so-called "inflammaging", and by doing so, how they have the potential to promote healthier aging. However, they also impair effector immune responses, notably to infections, or vaccines. These studies also reinforce the idea that the aged immune system should not be considered as a poorly functional version of the young one, but more as a dynamic system in which CD4 + T cells, and other immune/non-immune subsets, differentiate, interact with their milieu and function differently than in young hosts. A better understanding of these unique interactions is thus needed to improve effector immune responses in the elderly, while keeping inflammaging under control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Thomas
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45257, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alzbeta Godarova
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45257, USA
| | - Joseph A Wayman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45257, USA
| | - Emily R Miraldi
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45257, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45257, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Claire A Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45257, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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8
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Liao KL, Watt KD, Protin T. Different mechanisms of CD200-CD200R induce diverse outcomes in cancer treatment. Math Biosci 2023; 365:109072. [PMID: 37734537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The CD200 is a cell membrane protein expressed by tumor cells, and its receptor CD200 receptor (CD200R) is expressed by immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. The formation of CD200-CD200R inhibits the cellular functions of the targeted immune cells, so CD200 is one type of the immune checkpoint and blockade CD200-CD200R formation is a potential cancer treatment. However, the CD200 blockade has opposite treatment outcomes in different types of cancers. For instance, the CD200R deficient mice have a higher tumor load than the wild type (WT) mice in melanoma suggesting that CD200-CD200R inhibits melanoma. On the other hand, the antibody anti-CD200 treatment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) significantly reduces the tumor load indicating that CD200-CD200R promotes PDAC and HNSCC. In this work, we hypothesize that different mechanisms of CD200-CD200R in tumor microenvironment could be one of the reasons for the diverse treatment outcomes of CD200 blockade in different types of cancers. We create one Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) model for melanoma including the inhibition of CCL8 and regulatory T cells and the switching from M2 to M1 macrophages by CD200-CD200R to capture the tumor inhibition by CD200-CD200R. We also create another ODEs model for PDAC and HNSCC including the promotion of the polarization and suppressive activities of M2 macrophages by CD200-CD200R to generate the tumor promotion by CD200-CD200R. Furthermore, we use these two models to investigate the treatment efficacy of the combination treatment between the CD200-CD200R blockade and the other immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-PD-1. Our result shows that different mechanisms of CD200-CD200R can induce different treatment outcomes in combination treatments, namely, only the CD200-CD200R blockade reduces tumor load in melanoma and only the anti-PD-1 and CD200 knockout decrease tumor load in PDAC and HNSCC. Moreover, in melanoma, the CD200-CD200R mainly utilizes the inhibitions on M1 macrophages and dendritic cells to inhibit tumor growth, instead of M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ling Liao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Kenton D Watt
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tom Protin
- Department of Applied Mathematics, INSA Rennes, France
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9
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Aldrees R, Siegal GP, Wei S. The Peritumoral CD8 + /FOXP3 + Cell Ratio Has Prognostic Value in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:621-628. [PMID: 37615661 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Compelling data has demonstrated the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype generally associated with a poor clinical outcome but highly heterogeneous in nature. There have been limited studies investigating the importance of subsets of T cells in TILs. Further, the significance of intratumoral versus peritumoral TILs remains controversial. We examined the prognostic value of tumor-associated CD8 + cytotoxic T cells and FOXP3 + regulatory T cells in 35 chemotherapy-naive TNBC cases with a tumor-host interface in the tissue sections. The CD8 + and FOXP3 + cell count was expressed by immunoreactive cells per high-power field in an average of 10 high-power fields. There was a wide range of CD8 + and FOXP3 + T cells within the peritumoral and intratumoral stroma. Both CD8 + and FOXP3 + TILs were significantly higher at the former location as compared with the latter ( P <0.0001 and 0.003, respectively). The numbers of CD8 + and FOXP3 + T cells, either within peritumoral or intratumoral stroma, were not significantly associated with distant relapse-free or disease-specific survival. However, the peritumoral CD8 + /FOXP3 + ratio of TILs was significantly associated with prolonged relapse-free survival ( P =0.04) and disease-specific survival ( P =0.02). This association was not observed with the CD8 + /FOXP3 + ratio of intratumoral TILs. These observations suggest that the immunologic balance in the tumor microenvironment might determine antitumor immunity. Further, the peritumoral TILs appear to play a more important role in the progression of TNBC when compared with the intratumoral TILs, thus reaffirming the necessity of revisiting the method for the assessment of TILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Aldrees
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gene P Siegal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS
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10
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Xie J, Huang H, Li X, Ouyang L, Wang L, Liu D, Wei X, Tan P, Tu P, Hu Z. The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Status and Future Directions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1627-1651. [PMID: 37638827 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2350074x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development of tumors. Immunoregulatory cells and cytokines facilitate cancer cells to avoid immune surveillance. Overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibits immune function and enables cancer cells to avoid clearance by the immune system. Thus, minimizing tumor immunosuppression could be an important strategy for cancer therapy. Currently, many immune checkpoint-targeted drugs, such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, have been approved for marketing and have shown unique advantages in the clinical treatment of cancers. The concept of "strengthening resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is consistent with the immunotherapy of cancer. According to previous studies, the role of TCM in tumor immunotherapy is mainly associated with the positive regulation of natural killer cells, CD8/CD4 T cells, dendritic cells, M2 macrophages, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text], and IFN-[Formula: see text], as well as with the negative regulation of Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, PD-1/PD-L1, transforming growth factor-[Formula: see text], and tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text]. This paper summarizes the current research on the effect of TCM targeting the TME, and further introduces the research progress on studying the effects of TCM on immune checkpoints. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that TCM can directly or indirectly affect the TME by inhibiting the overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules and enhancing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. TCM with immunomodulatory stimulation could be the key factor to achieve benefits from immunotherapy for patients with non-inflammatory, or "cold", tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Huiming Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P. R. China
| | - Lishan Ouyang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Longyan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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11
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Derksen LY, Tesselaar K, Borghans JAM. Memories that last: Dynamics of memory T cells throughout the body. Immunol Rev 2023. [PMID: 37114435 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Memory T cells form an essential part of immunological memory, which can last for years or even a lifetime. Much experimental work has shown that the individual cells that make up the memory T-cell pool are in fact relatively short-lived. Memory T cells isolated from the blood of humans, or the lymph nodes and spleen of mice, live about 5-10 fold shorter than naive T cells, and much shorter than the immunological memory they convey. The commonly accepted view is, therefore, that long-term T-cell memory is maintained dynamically rather than by long-lived cells. This view is largely based on memory T cells in the circulation, identified using rather broad phenotypic markers, and on research in mice living in overly clean conditions. We wondered to what extent there may be heterogeneity in the dynamics and lifespans of memory T cells. We here review what is currently known about the dynamics of memory T cells in different memory subsets, locations in the body and conditions of microbial exposure, and discuss how this may be related to immunometabolism and how this knowledge can be used in various clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyanne Y Derksen
- Leukocyte Dynamics Group, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Leukocyte Dynamics Group, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José A M Borghans
- Leukocyte Dynamics Group, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Mensink M, Schrama E, Cuadrado E, Amsen D, de Kivit S, Borst J. Proteomics reveals unique identities of human TGF-β-induced and thymus-derived CD4 + regulatory T cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20268. [PMID: 36434024 PMCID: PMC9700829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cell lineage, defined by FOXP3 expression, comprises thymus-derived (t)Treg cells and peripherally induced (p)Treg cells. As a model for Treg cells, studies employ TGF-β-induced (i)Treg cells generated from CD4+ conventional T (Tconv) cells in vitro. Here, we describe how human iTreg cells relate to human blood-derived tTreg and Tconv cells according to proteomic analysis. Each of these cell populations had a unique protein expression pattern. iTreg cells had very limited overlap in protein expression with tTreg cells, regardless of cell activation status and instead shared signaling and metabolic proteins with Tconv cells. tTreg cells had a uniquely modest response to CD3/CD28-mediated stimulation. As a benchmark, we used a previously defined proteomic signature that discerns ex vivo naïve and effector Treg cells from Tconv cells and includes conserved Treg cell properties. iTreg cells largely lacked this Treg cell core signature and highly expressed e.g. STAT4 and NFATC2, which may contribute to inflammatory responses. We also used a proteomic signature that distinguishes ex vivo effector Treg cells from Tconv cells and naïve Treg cells. iTreg cells contained part of this effector Treg cell signature, suggesting acquisition of pTreg cell features. In conclusion, iTreg cells are distinct from tTreg cells and share limited features with ex vivo Treg cells at the proteomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mensink
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Schrama
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eloy Cuadrado
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derk Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander de Kivit
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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13
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de Candia P, Procaccini C, Russo C, Lepore MT, Matarese G. Regulatory T cells as metabolic sensors. Immunity 2022; 55:1981-1992. [PMID: 36351373 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Compelling experimental evidence links immunity and metabolism. In this perspective, we propose forkhead-box-P3 (FoxP3)+CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells as key metabolic sensors controlling the immunological state in response to their intrinsic capacity to perceive nutritional changes. Treg cell high anabolic state in vivo, residency in metabolically crucial districts, and recirculation between lymphoid and non-lymphoid sites enable them to recognize the metabolic cues and adapt their intracellular metabolism and anti-inflammatory function at the paracrine and systemic levels. As privileged regulators at the interface between neuroendocrine and immune systems, the role of Treg cells in maintaining metabolic homeostasis makes these cells promising targets of therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring organismal homeostasis not only in autoimmune but also metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Candia
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Russo
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Lepore
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy; Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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14
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Mohammadi Y, Ahmadvand S, Mirtalebi M, Ashraf MJ, Khademi B, Ghaderi A. CD45RO+TILs: cellular biomarkers for larynx squamous cell carcinoma outcome. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 88 Suppl 4:S133-S142. [PMID: 36319566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognostic importance of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor microenvironment of various cancers is increasingly recognized. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD45RO + TILs and their relation to histopathological features in larynx squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) samples from 63 primary larynx squamous cell carcinoma patients were immunostained for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD45RO expression. Positive cells in micrographs from Invasive Margin (IM) and Tumor Center (CT) of tissue specimens counted by ImageJ software and their correlation with disease outcome were analyzed. RESULTS The expression level of TILs subpopulations was associated with clinicopathological markers as well as Overall Survival (OS) and Disease-Free Survival (DFS). In multivariate analysis, high frequency of CD45RO + cells in IM were confirmed as an independent prognostic marker for DFS (p = 0.007, HR = 4.968) and OS (p = 0.007, HR = 4.957). Similar findings were observed in the multivariate analysis of the combined frequency of CD45RO+cells in IM and CT. CONCLUSION TILs are associated with patients clinicopathological features. Also, our findings indicate that CD45RO + TILs are a valuable marker for risk prediction in larynx SCC and could predict patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Mohammadi
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Shiraz, Iran; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Simin Ahmadvand
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirtalebi
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Ashraf
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bijan Khademi
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Shiraz, Iran; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz, Iran.
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15
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Mathematical modeling for the combination treatment of IFN- γ and anti-PD-1 in cancer immunotherapy. Math Biosci 2022; 353:108911. [PMID: 36150452 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2022.108911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When the immune-checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1) binds to its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to form the complex PD-1-PD-L1, this complex inactivates immune cells resulting in cell apoptosis, downregulation of immune reaction, and tumor evasion. The antibody, anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1, blocks the PD-1-PD-L1 complex formation to restore the functions of T cells. Combination of anti-PD-1 with other treatment shows promising in different types of cancer treatments. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plays an important role in immune responses. It is mainly regarded as a pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes the proliferation of CD8+ T cell and cytotoxic T cell, enhances the activation of Th1 cells and CD8+ T cells, and enhances tumor elimination. However, recent studies have been discovering many anti-inflammatory functions of IFN-γ, such as promotion of the PD-L1 expression, T cell apoptosis, and tumor metastasis, as well as inhibition of the immune recognition and the killing rates by T cells. In this work, we construct a mathematical model incorporating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of IFN-γ to capture tumor growth under anti-PD-1 treatment in the wild type and IFN-γ null mutant melanoma. Our simulation results qualitatively fit experimental data that IFN-γ null mutant with anti-PD-1 obtains the highest tumor reduction comparing to IFN-γ null mutant without anti-PD-1 and wild type tumor with anti-PD-1 therapy. Moreover, our synergy analysis indicates that, in the combination treatment, the tumor volume decreases as either the dosage of anti-PD-1 increases or the IFN-γ production efficiency decreases. Thus, the combination of anti-PD-1 and IFN-γ blockade improves the tumor reduction comparing to the monotherapy of anti-PD-1 or the monotherapy of IFN-γ blockade. We also find a threshold curve of the minimal dosage of anti-PD-1 corresponding to the IFN-γ production efficiency to ensure the tumor reduction under the presence of IFN-γ.
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16
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Wang Y, Dong C, Han Y, Gu Z, Sun C. Immunosenescence, aging and successful aging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942796. [PMID: 35983061 PMCID: PMC9379926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging induces a series of immune related changes, which is called immunosenescence, playing important roles in many age-related diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). However, the mechanism of immunosenescence, the association with aging and successful aging, and the effects on diseases are not revealed obviously. In order to provide theoretical basis for preventing or controlling diseases effectively and achieve successful aging, we conducted the review and found that changes of aging-related phenotypes, deterioration of immune organ function and alterations of immune cell subsets participated in the process of immunosenescence, which had great effects on the occurrence and development of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yudian Han
- Information Center, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu, ; Chi Sun,
| | - Chi Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu, ; Chi Sun,
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17
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Kim EH, Manganaro L, Schotsaert M, Brown BD, Mulder LC, Simon V. Development of an HIV reporter virus that identifies latently infected CD4 + T cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100238. [PMID: 35784650 PMCID: PMC9243624 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
There is no cure for HIV infection, as the virus establishes a latent reservoir, which escapes highly active antiretroviral treatments. One major obstacle is the difficulty identifying cells that harbor latent proviruses. We devised a single-round viral vector that carries a series of versatile reporter molecules that are expressed in an LTR-dependent or LTR-independent manner and make it possible to accurately distinguish productive from latent infection. Using primary human CD4+ T cells, we show that transcriptionally silent proviruses are found in more than 50% of infected cells. The latently infected cells harbor proviruses but lack evidence for multiple spliced transcripts. LTR-silent integrations occurred to variable degrees in all CD4+ T subsets examined, with CD4+ TEM and CD4+ TREG displaying the highest frequency of latent infections. This viral vector permits the interrogation of HIV latency at single-cell resolution, revealing mechanisms of latency establishment and allowing the characterization of effective latency-reversing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lara Manganaro
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian D. Brown
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lubbertus C.F. Mulder
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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18
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Bernaldo-de-Quirós E, Cózar B, López-Esteban R, Clemente M, Gil-Jaurena JM, Pardo C, Pita A, Pérez-Caballero R, Camino M, Gil N, Fernández-Santos ME, Suarez S, Pion M, Martínez-Bonet M, Correa-Rocha R. A Novel GMP Protocol to Produce High-Quality Treg Cells From the Pediatric Thymic Tissue to Be Employed as Cellular Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893576. [PMID: 35651624 PMCID: PMC9148974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their suppressive capacity, the adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (Treg) has acquired a growing interest in controlling exacerbated inflammatory responses. Limited Treg recovery and reduced quality remain the main obstacles in most current protocols where differentiated Treg are obtained from adult peripheral blood. An alternate Treg source is umbilical cord blood, a promising source of Treg cells due to the higher frequency of naïve Treg and lower frequency of memory T cells present in the fetus’ blood. However, the Treg number isolated from cord blood remains limiting. Human thymuses routinely discarded during pediatric cardiac surgeries to access the retrosternal operative field has been recently proposed as a novel source of Treg for cellular therapy. This strategy overcomes the main limitations of current Treg sources, allowing the obtention of very high numbers of undifferentiated Treg. We have developed a novel good manufacturing practice (GMP) protocol to obtain large Treg amounts, with very high purity and suppressive capacity, from the pediatric thymus (named hereafter thyTreg). The total amount of thyTreg obtained at the end of the procedure, after a short-term culture of 7 days, reach an average of 1,757 x106 (range 50 x 106 – 13,649 x 106) cells from a single thymus. The thyTreg product obtained with our protocol shows very high viability (mean 93.25%; range 83.35% – 97.97%), very high purity (mean 92.89%; range 70.10% – 98.41% of CD25+FOXP3+ cells), stability under proinflammatory conditions and a very high suppressive capacity (inhibiting in more than 75% the proliferation of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vitro at a thyTreg:responder cells ratio of 1:1). Our thyTreg product has been approved by the Spanish Drug Agency (AEMPS) to be administered as cell therapy. We are recruiting patients in the first-in-human phase I/II clinical trial worldwide that evaluates the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of autologous thyTreg administration in children undergoing heart transplantation (NCT04924491). The high quality and amount of thyTreg and the differential features of the final product obtained with our protocol allow preparing hundreds of doses from a single thymus with improved therapeutic properties, which can be cryopreserved and could open the possibility of an “off-the-shelf” allogeneic use in another individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Cózar
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío López-Esteban
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maribel Clemente
- Cell Culture Unit, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Pardo
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital Materno Infantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pita
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital Materno Infantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Pérez-Caballero
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital Materno Infantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Camino
- Pediatric Heart Transplant Unit, Hospital Materno Infantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Gil
- Pediatric Heart Transplant Unit, Hospital Materno Infantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Susana Suarez
- Cell Production Unit, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marjorie Pion
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Bonet
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rafael Correa-Rocha, ; Marta Martínez-Bonet,
| | - Rafael Correa-Rocha
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rafael Correa-Rocha, ; Marta Martínez-Bonet,
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19
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Calahorra L, Camacho-Toledano C, Serrano-Regal MP, Ortega MC, Clemente D. Regulatory Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: From Blood to Brain. Biomedicines 2022; 10:335. [PMID: 35203544 PMCID: PMC8961785 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects myelin. The etiology of MS is unclear, although a variety of environmental and genetic factors are thought to increase the risk of developing the disease. Historically, T cells were considered to be the orchestrators of MS pathogenesis, but evidence has since accumulated implicating B lymphocytes and innate immune cells in the inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage associated with MS disease progression. However, more recently the importance of the protective role of immunoregulatory cells in MS has become increasingly evident, such as that of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T (Treg) and B (Breg) cells, or CD56bright natural killer cells. In this review, we will focus on how peripheral regulatory cells implicated in innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in the physiopathology of MS. Moreover, we will discuss how these cells are thought to act and contribute to MS histopathology, also addressing their promising role as promoters of successful remyelination within the CNS. Finally, we will analyze how understanding these protective mechanisms may be crucial in the search for potential therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Diego Clemente
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.C.); (C.C.-T.); (M.P.S.-R.); (M.C.O.)
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20
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de Almeida GP, Lichtner P, Eckstein G, Brinkschmidt T, Chu CF, Sun S, Reinhard J, Mädler SC, Kloeppel M, Verbeek M, Zielinski CE. Human skin-resident host T cells can persist long term after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and maintain recirculation potential. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabe2634. [PMID: 35089814 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) have recently emerged as crucial cellular players for host defense in a wide variety of tissues and barrier sites. Insights into the maintenance and regulatory checkpoints of human TRM cells remain scarce, especially due to the difficulties associated with tracking T cells through time and space in humans. We therefore sought to identify and characterize skin-resident T cells in humans defined by their long-term in situ lodgment. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) preceded by myeloablative chemotherapy unmasked long-term sequestration of host T cell subsets in human skin despite complete donor T cell chimerism in the blood. Single-cell chimerism analysis paired with single-cell transcriptional profiling comprehensively characterized these bona fide long-term skin-resident T cells and revealed differential tissue maintenance for distinct T cell subsets, specific TRM cell markers such as galectin-3, but also tissue exit potential with retention of the transcriptomic TRM cell identity. Analysis of 26 allo-HSCT patients revealed profound interindividual variation in the tissue maintenance of host skin T cells. The long-term persistence of host skin T cells in a subset of these patients did not correlate with the development of chronic GvHD. Our data exemplify the power of exploiting a clinical situation as a proof of concept for the existence of bona fide human skin TRM cells and reveal long-term persistence of host T cells in a peripheral tissue but not in the circulation or bone marrow in a subset of allo-HSCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo P de Almeida
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gertrud Eckstein
- Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tonio Brinkschmidt
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Infection Immunology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Chang-Feng Chu
- TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Infection Immunology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Shan Sun
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research partner site, Munich, Germany.,Department of Infection Immunology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Kloeppel
- Klinikum rechts der Isar and Praxisklinik für Ästhetische Chirurgie und Medizin, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Verbeek
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina E Zielinski
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research partner site, Munich, Germany.,Department of Infection Immunology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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21
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Younes SA. Mitochondrial Exhaustion of Memory CD4 T-Cells in Treated HIV-1 Infection. IMMUNOMETABOLISM 2022; 4:e220013. [PMID: 35633761 PMCID: PMC9140223 DOI: 10.20900/immunometab20220013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) who are immune non-responders (INR) to therapy are unable to restore their CD4 T-cell count and remain at great risk of morbidity and mortality. Here the mitochondrial defects that characterize memory CD4 T-cells in INR and causes of this mitochondrial exhaustion are reviewed. This review also describes the various reagents used to induce the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, which can restore mitochondria fitness and CD4 T-cell proliferation in INR. Due to sustained heightened inflammation in INR, the mitochondrial network is unable to be rejuvenated and requires attenuation of mediators of inflammation to rescue mitochondria and CD4 T-cell counts in INR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Advanced Translational Research (PATRU), School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta 30322, USA
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22
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Islam MA, Cook CV, Smith BJ, Ford Versypt AN. Mathematical Modeling of the Gut-Bone Axis and Implications of Butyrate Treatment on Osteoimmunology. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:17814-17825. [PMID: 34992331 PMCID: PMC8730472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the gut microbiota, has pivotal roles in the regulation of the immune system. Recent studies have revealed that butyrate increases the differentiation of peripheral regulatory T cells in the gut-bone axis and promotes osteoblasts' bone forming activity. However, the mechanism of the therapeutic benefit of butyrate in bone remodeling remains incompletely understood. Here, we develop a multicompartment mathematical model to quantitatively predict the contribution of butyrate on the expansion of regulatory T cells in the gut, blood, and bone compartments. We investigate the interplay between regulatory T cell-derived TGF-β and CD8+ T cell-derived Wnt-10b with changes in gut butyrate concentration. In addition, we connect our model to a detailed model of bone metabolism to study the impacts of butyrate and Wnt-10b on trabecular bone volume. Our results indicate both direct and indirect immune-mediated impacts of butyrate on bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States; School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Carley V Cook
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States; School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Ashlee N Ford Versypt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States; School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States; Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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23
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Lamarthée B, Marchal A, Charbonnier S, Blein T, Leon J, Martin E, Rabaux L, Vogt K, Titeux M, Delville M, Vinçon H, Six E, Pallet N, Michonneau D, Anglicheau D, Legendre C, Taupin JL, Nemazanyy I, Sawitzki B, Latour S, Cavazzana M, André I, Zuber J. Transient mTOR inhibition rescues 4-1BB CAR-Tregs from tonic signal-induced dysfunction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6446. [PMID: 34750385 PMCID: PMC8575891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered regulatory T cells (Tregs) has emerged as a promising strategy to promote immune tolerance. However, in conventional T cells (Tconvs), CAR expression is often associated with tonic signaling, which can induce CAR-T cell dysfunction. The extent and effects of CAR tonic signaling vary greatly according to the expression intensity and intrinsic properties of the CAR. Here, we show that the 4-1BB CSD-associated tonic signal yields a more dramatic effect in CAR-Tregs than in CAR-Tconvs with respect to activation and proliferation. Compared to CD28 CAR-Tregs, 4-1BB CAR-Tregs exhibit decreased lineage stability and reduced in vivo suppressive capacities. Transient exposure of 4-1BB CAR-Tregs to a Treg stabilizing cocktail, including an mTOR inhibitor and vitamin C, during ex vivo expansion sharply improves their in vivo function and expansion after adoptive transfer. This study demonstrates that the negative effects of 4-1BB tonic signaling in Tregs can be mitigated by transient mTOR inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/metabolism
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/therapy
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Jurkat Cells
- Male
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Lamarthée
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Armance Marchal
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Soëli Charbonnier
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Tifanie Blein
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Leon
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Emmanuel Martin
- Lymphocyte activation and susceptibility to EBV, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Rabaux
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Katrin Vogt
- Department of Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Titeux
- Maladie génétique cutanée, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Delville
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Biothérapie et Thérapie Génique Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Vinçon
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Six
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pallet
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Dany Anglicheau
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Transplantation rénale adulte, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Transplantation rénale adulte, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Taupin
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie et histocompatibilité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Plateforme de Métabolique, Structure Fédérative de Recherche, Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS, 3633, Paris, France
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Department of Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Lymphocyte activation and susceptibility to EBV, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Biothérapie et Thérapie Génique Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Julien Zuber
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
- Service de Transplantation rénale adulte, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.
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24
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Ikegawa S, Matsuoka KI. Harnessing Treg Homeostasis to Optimize Posttransplant Immunity: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713358. [PMID: 34526990 PMCID: PMC8435715 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are functionally distinct subsets of mature T cells with broad suppressive activity and have been shown to play an important role in the establishment of immune tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Tregs exhibit an activated phenotype from the stage of emigration from the thymus and maintain continuous proliferation in the periphery. The distinctive feature in homeostasis enables Tregs to respond sensitively to small environmental changes and exert necessary and sufficient immune suppression; however, on the other hand, it also predisposes Tregs to be susceptible to apoptosis in the inflammatory condition post-transplant. Our studies have attempted to define the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting Treg homeostasis from the acute to chronic phases after allogeneic HSCT. We have found that altered cytokine environment in the prolonged post-HSCT lymphopenia or peri-transplant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors could hamper Treg reconstitution, leading to refractory graft-versus-host disease. Using murine models and clinical trials, we have also demonstrated that proper intervention with low-dose interleukin-2 or post-transplant cyclophosphamide could restore Treg homeostasis and further amplify the suppressive function after HSCT. The purpose of this review is to reconsider the distinctive characteristics of post-transplant Treg homeostasis and discuss how to harness Treg homeostasis to optimize posttransplant immunity for developing a safe and efficient therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Ikegawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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25
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Jacobse J, Li J, Rings EHHM, Samsom JN, Goettel JA. Intestinal Regulatory T Cells as Specialized Tissue-Restricted Immune Cells in Intestinal Immune Homeostasis and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716499. [PMID: 34421921 PMCID: PMC8371910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are a specialized population of CD4+ T cells that restrict immune activation and are essential to prevent systemic autoimmunity. In the intestine, the major function of Treg cells is to regulate inflammation as shown by a wide array of mechanistic studies in mice. While Treg cells originating from the thymus can home to the intestine, the majority of Treg cells residing in the intestine are induced from FOXP3neg conventional CD4+ T cells to elicit tolerogenic responses to microbiota and food antigens. This process largely takes place in the gut draining lymph nodes via interaction with antigen-presenting cells that convert circulating naïve T cells into Treg cells. Notably, dysregulation of Treg cells leads to a number of chronic inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, understanding intestinal Treg cell biology in settings of inflammation and homeostasis has the potential to improve therapeutic options for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Here, the induction, maintenance, trafficking, and function of intestinal Treg cells is reviewed in the context of intestinal inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review we propose intestinal Treg cells do not compose fixed Treg cell subsets, but rather (like T helper cells), are plastic and can adopt different programs depending on microenvironmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jacobse
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Edmond H. H. M. Rings
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janneke N. Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeremy A. Goettel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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26
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Braun MY. The Natural History of T Cell Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136779. [PMID: 34202553 PMCID: PMC8269353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cells of the immune system, particularly the T lymphocytes, have two main features that distinguish them from the cells of other tissues. They proliferate after activation and have the ability to move in tissues and organs. These characteristics compel them to develop metabolic plasticity in order to fulfil their immune function. This review focuses on the different known mechanisms that allow T cells to adapt their metabolism to the real-life circumstances they operate in, whether it is to exit quiescence, to differentiate into effector cells, or to participate in immune memory formation. Some of the metabolic adaptations to environmental variations that T cells are likely to undergo in their immune monitoring function are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Y Braun
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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27
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Lundberg AK, Chung RWS, Zeijlon L, Fernström G, Jonasson L. Oxidative stress response in regulatory and conventional T cells: a comparison between patients with chronic coronary syndrome and healthy subjects. J Transl Med 2021; 19:241. [PMID: 34082767 PMCID: PMC8173731 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation and oxidative stress form a vicious circle in atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress can have detrimental effects on T cells. A unique subset of CD4+ T cells, known as regulatory T (Treg) cells, has been associated with atheroprotective effects. Reduced numbers of Treg cells is a consistent finding in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). However, it is unclear to what extent these cells are sensitive to oxidative stress. In this pilot study, we tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress might be a potential contributor to the Treg cell deficit in CCS patients. Methods Thirty patients with CCS and 24 healthy controls were included. Treg (CD4+CD25+CD127−) and conventional T (CD4+CD25−, Tconv) cells were isolated and treated with increasing doses of H2O2. Intracellular ROS levels and cell death were measured after 2 and 18 h, respectively. The expression of antioxidant genes was measured in freshly isolated Treg and Tconv cells. Also, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and oxidized (ox) LDL/LDL ratios were determined in plasma. Results At all doses of H2O2, Treg cells accumulated more ROS and exhibited higher rates of death than their Tconv counterparts, p < 0.0001. Treg cells also expressed higher levels of antioxidant genes, including thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase-1 (p < 0.0001), though without any differences between CCS patients and controls. Tconv cells from CCS patients were, on the other hand, more sensitive to oxidative stress ex vivo and expressed more thioredoxin reductase-1 than Tconv cells from controls, p < 0.05. Also, TAC levels were lower in patients, 0.97 vs 1.53 UAE/100 µg, p = 0.001, while oxLDL/LDL ratios were higher, 29 vs 22, p = 0.006. Conclusion Treg cells isolated from either CCS patients or healthy controls were all highly sensitive to oxidative stress ex vivo. There were signs of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in CCS patients and we thus assume that oxidative stress may play a role in the reduction of Treg cells in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02906-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Lundberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rosanna W S Chung
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Louise Zeijlon
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gustav Fernström
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lena Jonasson
- Department of Cardiology in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Cardiology, Linköping University Hospital, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
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28
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Tampakis A, Weixler B, Rast S, Tampaki EC, Cremonesi E, Kancherla V, Tosti N, Kettelhack C, Ng CKY, Delko T, Soysal SD, von Holzen U, Felekouras E, Nikiteas N, Bolli M, Tornillo L, Terracciano L, Eppenberger-Castori S, Spagnoli GC, Piscuoglio S, von Flüe M, Däster S, Droeser RA. Nestin and CD34 expression in colorectal cancer predicts improved overall survival. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:727-734. [PMID: 33734917 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.1891280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nestin, a class VI intermediate filament protein of the cytoskeleton, and CD34, a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein, are markers of progenitor cells. This study aimed to evaluate their expression and clinical significance in colorectal cancer. METHODS A clinically annotated tissue microarray, including 599 patients with colorectal cancer, was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, nestin and CD34 correlations with HIF-1a and a panel of cytokines and chemokines were assessed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. RESULTS Expression of nestin and CD34 was observed only in the tumor stroma. Patients displaying high expression of nestin and CD34 demonstrated higher rates of T1 and T2 tumors (p = .020), lower vascular invasion (p < .001) and improved 5-year overall survival (65%; 95% CI = 55-73 vs 45%; 95% CI = 37-53) after adjusting for clinicopathological characteristics (HR: 0.67; 95% CI = 0.46-0.96). A moderate to strong correlation (r = 0.37-0.78, p < .03) of nestin and CD34 was demonstrated for the following markers; HIF-1α, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, IRF1, GATA3, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL12 and CCL21. CONCLUSIONS Combined expression of nestin and CD34 expression is associated with better overall survival possibly by modulating a favorable immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Tampakis
- Clarunis, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Weixler
- Clarunis, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Charité University Hospital, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvan Rast
- Clarunis, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterini-Christina Tampaki
- National Organization for the Provision of Healthcare Services, Department of Planning and Monitoring of Medicines Dispencing, Medicines Division, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Nadia Tosti
- Clarunis, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kettelhack
- Clarunis, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte K. Y. Ng
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tarik Delko
- Clarunis, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Savas D. Soysal
- Clarunis, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Holzen
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend, Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evangelos Felekouras
- 1st Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikiteas
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Bolli
- Clarunis, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Tornillo
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, Visceral Surgery Research Laboratory, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus von Flüe
- Clarunis, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, Visceral Surgery Research Laboratory, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Däster
- Clarunis, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul A. Droeser
- Clarunis, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Le T, Su S, Kirshtein A, Shahriyari L. Data-Driven Mathematical Model of Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102367. [PMID: 34068946 PMCID: PMC8156666 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the immune system has a significant role in tumor progression, in this paper, we develop a data-driven mathematical model to study the interactions between immune cells and the osteosarcoma microenvironment. Osteosarcoma tumors are divided into three clusters based on their relative abundance of immune cells as estimated from their gene expression profiles. We then analyze the tumor progression and effects of the immune system on cancer growth in each cluster. Cluster 3, which had approximately the same number of naive and M2 macrophages, had the slowest tumor growth, and cluster 2, with the highest population of naive macrophages, had the highest cancer population at the steady states. We also found that the fastest growth of cancer occurred when the anti-tumor immune cells and cytokines, including dendritic cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic cells, and IFN-γ, switched from increasing to decreasing, while the dynamics of regulatory T cells switched from decreasing to increasing. Importantly, the most impactful immune parameters on the number of cancer and total cells were the activation and decay rates of the macrophages and regulatory T cells for all clusters. This work presents the first osteosarcoma progression model, which can be later extended to investigate the effectiveness of various osteosarcoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Le
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (T.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Sumeyye Su
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (T.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Arkadz Kirshtein
- Department of Mathematics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
| | - Leili Shahriyari
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (T.L.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Mijnheer G, Lutter L, Mokry M, van der Wal M, Scholman R, Fleskens V, Pandit A, Tao W, Wekking M, Vervoort S, Roberts C, Petrelli A, Peeters JGC, Knijff M, de Roock S, Vastert S, Taams LS, van Loosdregt J, van Wijk F. Conserved human effector Treg cell transcriptomic and epigenetic signature in arthritic joint inflammation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2710. [PMID: 33976194 PMCID: PMC8113485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treg cells are critical regulators of immune homeostasis, and environment-driven Treg cell differentiation into effector (e)Treg cells is crucial for optimal functioning. However, human Treg cell programming in inflammation is unclear. Here, we combine transcriptional and epigenetic profiling to identify a human eTreg cell signature. Inflammation-derived functional Treg cells have a transcriptional profile characterized by upregulation of both a core Treg cell (FOXP3, CTLA4, TIGIT) and effector program (GITR, BLIMP-1, BATF). We identify a specific human eTreg cell signature that includes the vitamin D receptor (VDR) as a predicted regulator in eTreg cell differentiation. H3K27ac/H3K4me1 occupancy indicates an altered (super-)enhancer landscape, including enrichment of the VDR and BATF binding motifs. The Treg cell profile has striking overlap with tumor-infiltrating Treg cells. Our data demonstrate that human inflammation-derived Treg cells acquire a conserved and specific eTreg cell profile guided by epigenetic changes, and fine-tuned by environment-specific adaptations.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Arthritis, Juvenile/genetics
- Arthritis, Juvenile/immunology
- Arthritis, Juvenile/pathology
- Base Sequence
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/genetics
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Differentiation
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein/genetics
- Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein/immunology
- Histones/genetics
- Histones/immunology
- Humans
- Joints/immunology
- Joints/pathology
- Male
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/immunology
- Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1/genetics
- Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Transcriptome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerdien Mijnheer
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Lutter
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Epigenomics facility, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlot van der Wal
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Scholman
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Fleskens
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aridaman Pandit
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Weiyang Tao
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Wekking
- Epigenomics facility, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephin Vervoort
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ceri Roberts
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Petrelli
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke G C Peeters
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marthe Knijff
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sytze de Roock
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Vastert
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie S Taams
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Center for Translational Immunology, Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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PD-L1 signaling on human memory CD4+ T cells induces a regulatory phenotype. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001199. [PMID: 33901179 PMCID: PMC8101994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is expressed on T cells upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed in most tumor environments, and its binding to PD-1 on T cells drives them to apoptosis or into a regulatory phenotype. The fact that PD-L1 itself is also expressed on T cells upon activation has been largely neglected. Here, we demonstrate that PD-L1 ligation on human CD25-depleted CD4+ T cells, combined with CD3/TCR stimulation, induces their conversion into highly suppressive T cells. Furthermore, this effect was most prominent in memory (CD45RA−CD45RO+) T cells. PD-L1 engagement on T cells resulted in reduced ERK phosphorylation and decreased AKT/mTOR/S6 signaling. Importantly, T cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients exhibited high basal levels of phosphorylated ERK and following PD-L1 cross-linking both ERK signaling and the AKT/mTOR/S6 pathway failed to be down modulated, making them refractory to the acquisition of a regulatory phenotype. Altogether, our results suggest that PD-L1 signaling on memory T cells could play an important role in resolving inflammatory responses; maintaining a tolerogenic environment and its failure could contribute to ongoing autoimmunity. This study shows that programmed death cell receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling in memory CD4+ T cells from healthy individuals induces a regulatory phenotype; this mechanism seems to be defective in equivalent T cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients and could be in part responsible for the pathology.
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32
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S E, K V, W C, T R, FAM K, C S, H C, J N, J Z, R M, P M. Lymphopenia-induced lymphoproliferation drives activation of naive T cells and expansion of regulatory populations. iScience 2021; 24:102164. [PMID: 33665580 PMCID: PMC7907823 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy pre-conditioning is an essential component of chimeric antigen receptor transduced cell therapy. Acute lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP) is known to be driven primarily by homeostatic cytokines, but little is known on the underlying mechanisms in humans. We undertook phenotypic and transcriptional analysis of T cells undergoing LIP two weeks post-myeloablative autograft stem cell transplantation. Strong IL-7 signaling was reflected in downregulated IL-7R expression on all T cells, including naive cells, along with parallel increased IL-2Rα expression. Notably, activated residual naive cells expressed Fas indicating recent TCR engagement. Moreover, proportion of Ki67 + FoxP3+ Tregs was almost doubled. Transcriptional analysis revealed increased fatty acid metabolism and interferon signaling responses. In contrast, TGF-β signaling was strongly suppressed. Thus, human LIP response is characterized by cytokine and TCR-driven proliferation which drives global T cell activation but also preferentially triggers regulatory cell expansion which may limit tumor-specific immunity. These features indicate potential therapeutic opportunities to manipulate immunotherapy regimens incorporating LIP conditioning protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldershaw S
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Verma K
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Croft W
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rai T
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kinsella FAM
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Center for clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephens C
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chen H
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nunnick J
- Center for clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zuo J
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Malladi R
- Center for clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Moss P
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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33
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Guo Z, Wang G, Wu B, Chou WC, Cheng L, Zhou C, Lou J, Wu D, Su L, Zheng J, Ting JPY, Wan YY. DCAF1 regulates Treg senescence via the ROS axis during immunological aging. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5893-5908. [PMID: 32730228 DOI: 10.1172/jci136466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a hallmark of immunological aging, low-grade, chronic inflammation with accumulation of effector memory T cells contributes to increased susceptibility to many aging-related diseases. While the proinflammatory state of aged T cells indicates a dysregulation of immune homeostasis, whether and how aging drives regulatory T cell (Treg) aging and alters Treg function are not fully understood owing to a lack of specific aging markers. Here, by a combination of cellular, molecular, and bioinformatic approaches, we discovered that Tregs senesce more severely than conventional T (Tconv) cells during aging. We found that Tregs from aged mice were less efficient than young Tregs in suppressing Tconv cell function in an inflammatory bowel disease model and in preventing Tconv cell aging in an irradiation-induced aging model. Furthermore, we revealed that DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 1 (DCAF1) was downregulated in aged Tregs and was critical to restrain Treg aging via reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulated by glutathione-S-transferase P (GSTP1). Importantly, interfering with GSTP1 and ROS pathways reinvigorated the proliferation and function of aged Tregs. Therefore, our studies uncover an important role of the DCAF1/GSTP1/ROS axis in Treg senescence, which leads to uncontrolled inflammation and immunological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Guo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Department of Genetics
| | - Liang Cheng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jitong Lou
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lishan Su
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Genetics
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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34
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Kumbhari A, Egelston CA, Lee PP, Kim PS. Mature Dendritic Cells May Promote High-Avidity Tuning of Vaccine T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584680. [PMID: 33193401 PMCID: PMC7662095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines can elicit tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but durable reductions in tumor burden require vaccines that stimulate high-avidity CTLs. Recent advances in immunotherapy responses have led to renewed interest in vaccine approaches, including dendritic cell vaccine strategies. However, dendritic cell requirements for vaccines that generate potent anti-tumor T-cell responses are unclear. Here we use mathematical modeling to show that, counterintuitively, increasing levels of immature dendritic cells may lead to selective expansion of high-avidity CTLs. This finding is in contrast with traditional dendritic cell vaccine approaches that have sought to harness ex vivo generated mature dendritic cells. We show that the injection of vaccine antigens in the context of increased numbers of immature dendritic cells results in a decreased overall peptide:MHC complex load that favors high-avidity CTL activation and expansion. Overall, our results provide a firm basis for further development of this approach, both alone and in combination with other immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumbhari
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Colt A. Egelston
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Peter P. Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Peter S. Kim
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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35
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Wang S, Pan Y, Wang Q, Miao H, Brown AN, Rong L. Modeling the viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Math Biosci 2020; 328:108438. [PMID: 32771304 PMCID: PMC7409942 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading and causing the global coronavirus pandemic. The viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection have not been quantitatively investigated. In this paper, we use mathematical models to study the pathogenic features of SARS-CoV-2 infection by examining the interaction between the virus, cells and immune responses. Models are fit to the data of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients and non-human primates. Data fitting and numerical simulation show that viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection have a few distinct stages. In the initial stage, viral load increases rapidly and reaches the peak, followed by a plateau phase possibly generated by lymphocytes as a secondary target of infection. In the last stage, viral load declines due to the emergence of adaptive immune responses. When the initiation of seroconversion is late or slow, the model predicts viral rebound and prolonged viral persistence, consistent with the observation in non-human primates. Using the model we also evaluate the effect of several potential therapeutic interventions for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Model simulation shows that anti-inflammatory treatments or antiviral drugs combined with interferon are effective in reducing the duration of the viral plateau phase and diminishing the time to recovery. These results provide insights for understanding the infection dynamics and might help develop treatment strategies against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunpeng Wang
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, United States of America
| | - Yang Pan
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Miao
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Ashley N Brown
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, United States of America
| | - Libin Rong
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America.
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36
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Churov AV, Mamashov KY, Novitskaia AV. Homeostasis and the functional roles of CD4 + Treg cells in aging. Immunol Lett 2020; 226:83-89. [PMID: 32717201 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An upward trend in life expectancy has been observed in a majority of developed countries and leading to increasing in aging-related diseases. Aging is a risk factor for the development of widespread clinical conditions such as cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, cancer, infections. Although studies have been very active, the problem of aging still remains one of the most obscure aspects of human biology. Regulatory T (Treg) cells with immunosuppressive properties have a pivotal role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Alterations in Treg cell functionality appear to be of great importance in the development of immune senescence and contribute to increased susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases with age. DESIGN This review highlights recent findings regarding the age-related changes in the numbers and functional activity of human Tregs. Some of the mechanisms that maintain the balance of Tregs during human aging are discussed. The possible roles of Tregs in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with advanced age are also considered. RESULTS Age-related systemic changes, such as thymic involution, hormonal status, and epigenetic modifications, may affect the state of the Treg population and trigger various diseases. These changes involve decline or amplification in the functional activity of Tregs, an increase in the memory Treg subset and shifting of a Th17/Treg balance. CONCLUSION Taken together, the reviewed data suggest equal or even increased Treg functionality with age. Thus, age-mediated Treg expansion and higher Treg activity may contribute to elevated immune suppression and increased risk of infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Churov
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia.
| | | | - Anastasiia V Novitskaia
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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37
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Farag AGA, Maraee AH, Rifaat Al-Sharaky D, Elshaib ME, Kohla MSM, Shehata WA. Tissue expression of IL-17A and FOXP3 in acne vulgaris patients. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:330-337. [PMID: 32413182 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES CD4+ T helper (Th) cells through its pro-inflammatory cell type, interleukin-17 (IL-17)-generating cells and its anti-inflammatory category forkhead box P3-positive (FOXP3+ ) regulatory T (Treg) cells, play a vital role in the immune balance in inflammatory disorders. Therefore, assessment of both IL-17 and FOXP3 in acne vulgaris (AV), a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, could be of value in understanding AV pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of IL-17A and FOXP3 in acne vulgaris lesions versus normal skin. METHODS Forty-five AV patients and 25 controls were included in this case-control study. Biopsies from participants were analyzed for IL-17A and FOXP3 immunohistochemical profiles using IL-17A and FOXP3 polyclonal antibodies. RESULTS Compared to controls, AV patients exhibited a significant increase of IL-17A percent of expression in epidermis (P ≤ .001), in lymphocytes in papillary dermis (P ≤ .001), and in perifollicular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate in AV lesions. Also, there was a significant elevation in FOXP3 percent of expression in epidermis (P = .049) and in lymphocytes in papillary dermis (P ≤ .027) in acne patients than control. A significant positive correlation between IL-17A expression in papillary lymphocytes and in epidermal keratinocyte was observed (r = .537, P = .001). In acne vulgaris patients, the associations between IL-17A and FOXP3 expressions could not reach level of significance. CONCLUSIONS There was an up-regulation of IL-17A and FOXP3 in acne vulgaris development, but with independent roles. Moreover, targeting of IL-17A and FOXP3 may open the door for development of new therapeutic agents in acne vulgaris treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Gaber Antar Farag
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom, Egypt
| | - Alaa Hassan Maraee
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Wafaa Ahmed Shehata
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom, Egypt
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38
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Andersson SEM, Lange E, Kucharski D, Svedlund S, Önnheim K, Bergquist M, Josefsson E, Lord JM, Mårtensson IL, Mannerkorpi K, Gjertsson I. Moderate- to high intensity aerobic and resistance exercise reduces peripheral blood regulatory cell populations in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:12. [PMID: 32467712 PMCID: PMC7229606 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Exercise can improve immune health and is beneficial for physical function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the immunological mechanisms are largely unknown. We evaluated the effect of moderate- to high intensity exercise with person-centred guidance on cells of the immune system, with focus on regulatory cell populations, in older adults with RA. Methods Older adults (≥65 years) with RA were randomized to either 20-weeks of moderate – to high intensity aerobic and resistance exercise (n = 24) or to an active control group performing home-based exercise of light intensity (n = 25). Aerobic capacity, muscle strength, DAS28 and CRP were evaluated. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 20 weeks. The frequency of immune cells defined as adaptive regulatory populations, CD4 + Foxp3 + CD25 + CD127- T regulatory cells (Tregs) and CD19 + CD24hiCD38hi B regulatory cells (Bregs) as well as HLA-DR−/lowCD33 + CD11b + myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), were assessed using flow cytometry. Results After 20 weeks of moderate- to high intensity exercise, aerobic capacity and muscle strength were significantly improved but there were no significant changes in Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) or CRP. The frequency of Tregs and Bregs decreased significantly in the intervention group, but not in the active control group. The exercise intervention had no effect on MDSCs. The reduction in regulatory T cells in the intervention group was most pronounced in the female patients. Conclusion Moderate- to high intensity exercise in older adults with RA led to a decreased proportion of Tregs and Bregs, but that was not associated with increased disease activity or increased inflammation. Trial registration Improved Ability to Cope With Everyday Life Through a Person-centered Training Program in Elderly Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis - PEP-walk Study, NCT02397798. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov March 19, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia E M Andersson
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Elvira Lange
- 2University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care, Gothenburg, Sweden.,3Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Kucharski
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Svedlund
- 4Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Önnheim
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maria Bergquist
- 5Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Josefsson
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Janet M Lord
- 6MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Mannerkorpi
- 2University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care, Gothenburg, Sweden.,3Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.,2University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Opstelten R, de Kivit S, Slot MC, van den Biggelaar M, Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ D, Gliwiński M, Scott AM, Blom B, Trzonkowski P, Borst J, Cuadrado E, Amsen D. GPA33: A Marker to Identify Stable Human Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3139-3148. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Wang W, Thomas R, Sizova O, Su DM. Thymic Function Associated With Cancer Development, Relapse, and Antitumor Immunity - A Mini-Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:773. [PMID: 32425946 PMCID: PMC7203483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is the central lymphoid organ for T cell development, a cradle of T cells, and for central tolerance establishment, an educator of T cells, maintaining homeostatic cellular immunity. T cell immunity is critical to control cancer occurrence, relapse, and antitumor immunity. Evidence on how aberrant thymic function influences cancer remains largely insufficient, however, there has been recent progress. For example, the involuted thymus results in reduced output of naïve T cells and a restricted T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, inducing immunosenescence and potentially dampening immune surveillance of neoplasia. In addition, the involuted thymus relatively enhances regulatory T (Treg) cell generation. This coupled with age-related accumulation of Treg cells in the periphery, potentially provides a supportive microenvironment for tumors to escape T cell-mediated antitumor responses. Furthermore, acute thymic involution from chemotherapy can create a tumor reservoir, resulting from an inflammatory microenvironment in the thymus, which is suitable for disseminated tumor cells to hide, survive chemotherapy, and become dormant. This may eventually result in cancer metastatic relapse. On the other hand, if thymic involution is wisely taken advantage of, it may be potentially beneficial to antitumor immunity, since the involuted thymus increases output of self-reactive T cells, which may recognize certain tumor-associated self-antigens and enhance antitumor immunity, as demonstrated through depletion of autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene in the thymus. Herein, we briefly review recent research progression regarding how altered thymic function modifies T cell immunity against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikan Wang
- Cell Biology, Immunology, and Microbiology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Rachel Thomas
- Cell Biology, Immunology, and Microbiology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Olga Sizova
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dong-Ming Su
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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41
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Colamatteo A, Carbone F, Bruzzaniti S, Galgani M, Fusco C, Maniscalco GT, Di Rella F, de Candia P, De Rosa V. Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Foxp3 Expression in Health and Autoimmunity: From Epigenetic to Post-translational Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3136. [PMID: 32117202 PMCID: PMC7008726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the transcription factor Forkhead box-p3 (Foxp3) has shed fundamental insights into the understanding of the molecular determinants leading to generation and maintenance of T regulatory (Treg) cells, a cell population with a key immunoregulatory role. Work over the past few years has shown that fine-tuned transcriptional and epigenetic events are required to ensure stable expression of Foxp3 in Treg cells. The equilibrium between phenotypic plasticity and stability of Treg cells is controlled at the molecular level by networks of transcription factors that bind regulatory sequences, such as enhancers and promoters, to regulate Foxp3 expression. Recent reports have suggested that specific modifications of DNA and histones are required for the establishment of the chromatin structure in conventional CD4+ T (Tconv) cells for their future differentiation into the Treg cell lineage. In this review, we discuss the molecular events that control Foxp3 gene expression and address the associated alterations observed in human diseases. Also, we explore how Foxp3 influences the gene expression programs in Treg cells and how unique properties of Treg cell subsets are defined by other transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunata Carbone
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Clorinda Fusco
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco
- Dipartimento di Neurologia, Centro Regionale Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Ospedaliera "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Clinical and Experimental Senology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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42
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Kumbhari A, Kim PS, Lee PP. Optimisation of anti-cancer peptide vaccines to preferentially elicit high-avidity T cells. J Theor Biol 2020; 486:110067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Battaglia A, Buzzonetti A, Fossati M, Scambia G, Fattorossi A, Madiyalakan MR, Mahnke YD, Nicodemus C. Translational immune correlates of indirect antibody immunization in a randomized phase II study using scheduled combination therapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel plus oregovomab in ovarian cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:383-397. [PMID: 31897661 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The standard-of-care (SOC) first-line therapy for ovarian cancer (OC) patients is plagued with high relapse rates. Several studies indicated the immune system's prominent role changing the disease course in OC patients. Chemo-immunotherapy regimens, currently being explored, include oregovomab, which is a monoclonal antibody specific for the OC associated antigen carbohydrate/cancer antigen 125 (CA125) that yielded promising results when administered together with SOC in a previous study. The QPT-ORE-002 multi-site phase II randomized study demonstrated that in patients with advanced OC, oregovomab combined with first-line SOC improved overall and progression-free survival, compared to SOC alone. The study included an Italian cohort in which we demonstrated that adding oregovomab to SOC resulted in increased patient numbers with amplified CA125-specific CD8+T lymphocytes/ml peripheral blood counts, which might explain the improved therapeutic effect of SOC + oregovomab over SOC alone. Predictive for oregovomab efficacy was a less suppressive immune environment at baseline as indicated by low numbers of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells, subset type 4, and a low neutrophil-and-monocyte to lymphocyte ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Battaglia
- Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alexia Buzzonetti
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fossati
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fattorossi
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Zhu X, Ji W, Guo S, Zhu D, Yang Y, Liu X. Glycolytic and lipid oxidative metabolic programs are essential for freshly-isolated regulatory T cells in mice with sepsis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21000-21008. [PMID: 35517767 PMCID: PMC9054272 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01947j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshly-isolated Treg cells showed metabolic reprogramming in mice with sepsis, mainly manifested by increased glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation
- Emergency Department
- Chao-Yang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100020
| | - WenQing Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation
- Emergency Department
- Chao-Yang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100020
| | - Shubin Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation
- Emergency Department
- Chao-Yang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100020
| | - Di Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation
- Emergency Department
- Chao-Yang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100020
| | - Yue Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation
- Emergency Department
- Chao-Yang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100020
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation
- Emergency Department
- Chao-Yang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100020
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45
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Differentiation into an Effector Memory Phenotype Potentiates HIV-1 Latency Reversal in CD4 + T Cells. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00969-19. [PMID: 31578289 PMCID: PMC6880164 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00969-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By performing phenotypic analysis of latency reversal in CD4+ T cells from virally suppressed individuals, we identify the TEM subset as the largest contributor to the inducible HIV reservoir. Differential responses of memory CD4+ T cell subsets to latency-reversing agents (LRAs) demonstrate that HIV gene expression is associated with heightened expression of transcriptional pathways associated with differentiation, acquisition of effector function, and cell cycle entry. In vitro modeling of the latent HIV reservoir in memory CD4+ T cell subsets identify LRAs that reverse latency with ranges of efficiency and specificity. We found that therapeutic induction of latency reversal is associated with upregulation of identical sets of TEM-associated genes and cell surface markers shown to be associated with latency reversal in our ex vivo and in vitro models. Together, these data support the idea that the effector memory phenotype supports HIV latency reversal in CD4+ T cells. During antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) persists as a latent reservoir in CD4+ T cell subsets in central memory (TCM), transitional memory (TTM), and effector memory (TEM) CD4+ T cells. We have identified differences in mechanisms underlying latency and responses to latency-reversing agents (LRAs) in ex vivo CD4+ memory T cells from virally suppressed HIV-infected individuals and in an in vitro primary cell model of HIV-1 latency. Our ex vivo and in vitro results demonstrate the association of transcriptional pathways of T cell differentiation, acquisition of effector function, and cell cycle entry in response to LRAs. Analyses of memory cell subsets showed that effector memory pathways and cell surface markers of activation and proliferation in the TEM subset are predictive of higher frequencies of cells carrying an inducible reservoir. Transcriptional profiling also demonstrated that the epigenetic machinery (known to control latency and reactivation) in the TEM subset is associated with frequencies of cells with HIV-integrated DNA and inducible HIV multispliced RNA. TCM cells were triggered to differentiate into TEM cells when they were exposed to LRAs, and this increase of TEM subset frequencies upon LRA stimulation was positively associated with higher numbers of p24+ cells. Together, these data highlight differences in underlying biological latency control in different memory CD4+ T cell subsets which harbor latent HIV in vivo and support a role for differentiation into a TEM phenotype in facilitating latency reversal. IMPORTANCE By performing phenotypic analysis of latency reversal in CD4+ T cells from virally suppressed individuals, we identify the TEM subset as the largest contributor to the inducible HIV reservoir. Differential responses of memory CD4+ T cell subsets to latency-reversing agents (LRAs) demonstrate that HIV gene expression is associated with heightened expression of transcriptional pathways associated with differentiation, acquisition of effector function, and cell cycle entry. In vitro modeling of the latent HIV reservoir in memory CD4+ T cell subsets identify LRAs that reverse latency with ranges of efficiency and specificity. We found that therapeutic induction of latency reversal is associated with upregulation of identical sets of TEM-associated genes and cell surface markers shown to be associated with latency reversal in our ex vivo and in vitro models. Together, these data support the idea that the effector memory phenotype supports HIV latency reversal in CD4+ T cells.
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46
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Bensalem A, Mulleman D, Thibault G, Azzopardi N, Goupille P, Paintaud G, Ternant D. CD4+ count-dependent concentration-effect relationship of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:2747-2758. [PMID: 31454097 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Rituximab is approved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A substantial decrease in CD4+ count was observed in responders after a single cycle of treatment. This study aimed to describe and quantifying the influence of CD4+ count depletion on the concentration-response relationship of rituximab in RA patients. METHODS In this retrospective monocentric observational study, 52 patients were assessed. Repeated measurements of rituximab concentrations (pharmacokinetics), CD4+ counts (biomarker) and disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28, clinical response) were made. Rituximab pharmacokinetics was described using a 2-compartment model, and CD4+ cell counts and DAS28 measurements were described using indirect turnover and direct Emax pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models, respectively. Delay between rituximab concentrations and responses was accounted for by including biophase compartments. RESULTS Elimination half-life of rituximab was 18 days. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model showed that DAS28 response to rituximab was partly associated with CD4+ cell depletion. At 6 months, a deeper DAS28 decrease was observed in patients when CD4+ cell count is decreased: median [interquartile range] of DAS28 was 3.7 [2.9-4.4] and 4.5 [3.7-5.3] in patients with and without CD4+ decrease, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to quantify the relationship between rituximab concentrations, CD4+ count and DAS28 in RA patients. This model showed that approximately 75% of patients had CD4+ count decrease, and that the clinical improvement is 2-fold higher in patients with CD4+ cells decrease than in others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Mulleman
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Department of Rheumatology, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gilles Thibault
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Laboratory of Immunology, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,ERL 7001, CNRS, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Azzopardi
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,ERL 7001, CNRS, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Goupille
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Department of Rheumatology, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gilles Paintaud
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - David Ternant
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
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Hendrawan K, Visweswaran M, Ma DDF, Moore JJ. Tolerance regeneration by T regulatory cells in autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases. Bone Marrow Transplant 2019; 55:857-866. [PMID: 31619766 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation shows increasing promise as a therapeutic option for patients with treatment-refractory autoimmune disease, particularly systemic sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. However, this intensive chemotherapy-based procedure is not always possible due to potential treatment toxicities and comorbidities. The biological mechanisms of how this procedure induces long-term remission in autoimmune disease are increasingly understood. The focus of this review is on recent research findings on the role of CD4+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in resetting the immune system leading to the eradication of the autoimmune disease after transplantation. Discovery of the precise mechanisms of this process will allow development of novel Treg-based therapies and thus avoid the need for intensive chemotherapy-based treatment for these autoimmune diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hendrawan
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Programme, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2011, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Malini Visweswaran
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Programme, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2011, Australia.,Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - David D F Ma
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Programme, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2011, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - John J Moore
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Programme, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2011, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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48
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Natural and modified IL-2 for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2019; 206:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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49
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Pacella I, Piconese S. Immunometabolic Checkpoints of Treg Dynamics: Adaptation to Microenvironmental Opportunities and Challenges. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1889. [PMID: 31507585 PMCID: PMC6718556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, immunologists have started to consider intracellular metabolism in relation with the dynamics and functions of immune cells, especially when it became clear that microenvironmental alterations were associated with immune dysfunctions. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are equipped with a variety of immunological and metabolic sensors, and encompass circulating as well as tissue-resident cells, being therefore particularly susceptible to microenvironmental cues. Moreover, Tregs undergo metabolic reprogramming over the course of an immune response, allowing the use of alternate substrates and engaging different metabolic pathways for energetic demands. The study of metabolic mechanisms supporting Treg dynamics has led to puzzling results, due to several limitations, including the heterogeneity of population in the same tissues and between different tissues, the difficulty in considering all the interconnected metabolic pathways during a cellular process, and the differences between in vitro and in vivo conditions. Therefore, Treg reliance on different metabolic routes (oxidation rather than glycolysis) has been a matter of controversy in recent years. Metabolic reprogramming and altered bioenergetics are now identified as hallmarks in cancer, and are employed by cancer cells to determine the availability of metabolites and molecules, thus affecting the fate of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In particular, the tumor microenvironment forces a metabolic restriction and a plethora of synergistic intrinsic and extrinsic stresses, leading to an impaired anti-tumor immunity and favoring Treg generation, expansion, and suppressive function. This leads to the understanding that Tregs and conventional T cells have different capability to adapt to metabolic hurdles. Considering the role of Tregs in dictating the outcome of tumor-specific responses, it would be important to understand the specific Treg metabolic profile that provides an advantage at the tumor site, to finally identify new targets for therapy. In this review, we will report and discuss the major recent findings about the metabolic pathways required for Treg development, expansion, migration and functions, in relation to tissue-derived signals. We will focus on the adipose tissue and the liver, where Tregs are exposed to a variety of metabolites, and on the tumor microenvironment as the context where Tregs develop the ability to adapt to perturbations in nutrient accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Pacella
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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50
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Yogurtcu ON, Sauna ZE, McGill JR, Tegenge MA, Yang H. TCPro: an In Silico Risk Assessment Tool for Biotherapeutic Protein Immunogenicity. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:96. [PMID: 31376048 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most immune responses to biotherapeutic proteins involve the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). New drugs must undergo immunogenicity assessments to identify potential risks at early stages in the drug development process. This immune response is T cell-dependent. Ex vivo assays that monitor T cell proliferation often are used to assess immunogenicity risk. Such assays can be expensive and time-consuming to carry out. Furthermore, T cell proliferation requires presentation of the immunogenic epitope by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) proteins on antigen-presenting cells. The MHC proteins are the most diverse in the human genome. Thus, obtaining cells from subjects that reflect the distribution of the different MHCII proteins in the human population can be challenging. The allelic frequencies of MHCII proteins differ among subpopulations, and understanding the potential immunogenicity risks would thus require generation of datasets for specific subpopulations involving complex subject recruitment. We developed TCPro, a computational tool that predicts the temporal dynamics of T cell counts in common ex vivo assays for drug immunogenicity. Using TCPro, we can test virtual pools of subjects based on MHCII frequencies and estimate immunogenicity risks for different populations. It also provides rapid and inexpensive initial screens for new biotherapeutics and can be used to determine the potential immunogenicity risk of new sequences introduced while bioengineering proteins. We validated TCPro using an experimental immunogenicity dataset, making predictions on the population-based immunogenicity risk of 15 protein-based biotherapeutics. Immunogenicity rankings generated using TCPro are consistent with the reported clinical experience with these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman N Yogurtcu
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, 20993, Maryland, USA
| | - Zuben E Sauna
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapy, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, 20993, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph R McGill
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapy, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, 20993, Maryland, USA
| | - Million A Tegenge
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, 20993, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong Yang
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, 20993, Maryland, USA.
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