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Habean ML, Kaiser KE, Williams JL. Orchestrating Stress Responses in Multiple Sclerosis: A Role for Astrocytic IFNγ Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7524. [PMID: 39062765 PMCID: PMC11276796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS), secretion of inflammatory factors, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines alter cellular function and activate resident CNS cells, including astrocytes. Notably, interferon (IFN)γ is a prominent pleiotropic cytokine involved in MS that contributes to disease pathogenesis. Astrocytes are dynamic cells that respond to changes in the cellular microenvironment and are highly responsive to many cytokines, including IFNγ. Throughout the course of MS, intrinsic cell stress is initiated in response to inflammation, which can impact the pathology. It is known that cell stress is pronounced during MS; however, the specific mechanisms relating IFNγ signaling to cell stress responses in astrocytes are still under investigation. This review will highlight the current literature regarding the impact of IFNγ signaling alone and in combination with other immune mediators on astrocyte synthesis of free oxygen radicals and cell death, and cover what is understood regarding astrocytic mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Habean
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC30, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kaitlin E. Kaiser
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC30, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jessica L. Williams
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC30, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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2
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Çiftçi YC, Yurtsever Y, Akgül B. Long non-coding RNA-mediated modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress under pathological conditions. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18561. [PMID: 39072992 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which ensues from an overwhelming protein folding capacity, activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) in an effort to restore cellular homeostasis. As ER stress is associated with numerous diseases, it is highly important to delineate the molecular mechanisms governing the ER stress to gain insight into the disease pathology. Long non-coding RNAs, transcripts with a length of over 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins, interact with proteins and nucleic acids, fine-tuning the UPR to restore ER homeostasis via various modes of actions. Dysregulation of specific lncRNAs is implicated in the progression of ER stress-related diseases, presenting these molecules as promising therapeutic targets. The comprehensive analysis underscores the importance of understanding the nuanced interplay between lncRNAs and ER stress for insights into disease mechanisms. Overall, this review consolidates current knowledge, identifies research gaps and offers a roadmap for future investigations into the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in ER stress and associated diseases to shed light on their pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Cem Çiftçi
- Noncoding RNA Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yiğit Yurtsever
- Noncoding RNA Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bünyamin Akgül
- Noncoding RNA Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Vidicevic S, Tasic J, Stanojevic Z, Ciric D, Martinovic T, Paunovic V, Petricevic S, Tomonjic N, Isakovic A, Trajkovic V. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response in immune cells contributes to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis in rats. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106855. [PMID: 38537720 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
We examined the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the ensuing unfolded protein response (UPR) in the development of the central nervous system (CNS)-directed immune response in the rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The induction of EAE with syngeneic spinal cord homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) caused a time-dependent increase in the expression of ER stress/UPR markers glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) in the draining lymph nodes of both EAE-susceptible Dark Agouti (DA) and EAE-resistant Albino Oxford (AO) rats. However, the increase in ER stress markers was more pronounced in AO rats. CFA alone also induced ER stress, but the effect was weaker and less sustained compared to full immunization. The ultrastructural analysis of DA lymph node tissue by electron microscopy revealed ER dilatation in lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells, while immunoblot analysis of CD3-sorted lymph node cells demonstrated the increase in ER stress/UPR markers in both CD3+ (T cell) and CD3- (non-T) cell compartments. A positive correlation was observed between the levels of ER stress/UPR markers in the CNS-infiltrated mononuclear cells and the clinical activity of the disease. Finally, the reduction of EAE clinical signs by ER stress inhibitor ursodeoxycholic acid was associated with the decrease in the expression of mRNA encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1β, and encephalitogenic T cell cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17. Collectively, our data indicate that ER stress response in immune cells might be an important pathogenetic factor and a valid therapeutic target in the inflammatory damage of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasenka Vidicevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Tasic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljka Stanojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Darko Ciric
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Martinovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasa Petricevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Tomonjic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isakovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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You Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Li X, Li X, Ma X. Exploring the potential relationship between short sleep risks and cognitive function from the perspective of inflammatory biomarkers and cellular pathways: Insights from population-based and mice studies. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14783. [PMID: 38797980 PMCID: PMC11128714 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The molecular mechanism of short-sleep conditions on cognition remains largely unknown. This research aimed to investigate associations between short sleep, inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive function in the US population (NHANES data 2011-2014) and explore cellular mechanisms in mice. METHODS Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was calculated using blood-cell based biomarkers. Further, we employed integrated bioinformatics and single-cell transcriptomics (GSE137665) to examine how short sleep exposure influenced the molecular pathways associated with inflammation in the brain. To explore the signaling pathways and biological processes of sleep deprivation, we carried out enrichment analyses utilizing the GO and KEGG databases. RESULTS Population results showed that, compared with normal sleep group, severe short sleep was associated with lower cognitive ability in all the four tests. Moreover, a higher SII level was correlated with lower scores of cognitive tests. In mice study, elevated activation of the inflammatory pathway was observed in cell subgroups of neurons within the sleep deprivation and recovery sleep cohorts. Additionally, heightened expression of oxidative stress and integrated stress response pathways was noted in GABAergic neurons during sleep deprivation. CONCLUSION This study contributed to the understanding of the influence of short sleep on cognitive function and its cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science & Physical EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Vascular SurgeryFuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xingtian Li
- Division of Sports Science & Physical EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xinming Li
- Division of Sports Science & Physical EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science & Physical EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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5
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Kipp M. How to Use the Cuprizone Model to Study De- and Remyelination. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1445. [PMID: 38338724 PMCID: PMC10855335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disorder affecting the central nervous system whose cause is still largely unknown. Oligodendrocyte degeneration results in demyelination of axons, which can eventually be repaired by a mechanism called remyelination. Prevention of demyelination and the pharmacological support of remyelination are two promising strategies to ameliorate disease progression in MS patients. The cuprizone model is commonly employed to investigate oligodendrocyte degeneration mechanisms or to explore remyelination pathways. During the last decades, several different protocols have been applied, and all have their pros and cons. This article intends to offer guidance for conducting pre-clinical trials using the cuprizone model in mice, focusing on discovering new treatment approaches to prevent oligodendrocyte degeneration or enhance remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kipp
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Amoriello R, Memo C, Ballerini L, Ballerini C. The brain cytokine orchestra in multiple sclerosis: from neuroinflammation to synaptopathology. Mol Brain 2024; 17:4. [PMID: 38263055 PMCID: PMC10807071 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is finely protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Immune soluble factors such as cytokines (CKs) are normally produced in the CNS, contributing to physiological immunosurveillance and homeostatic synaptic scaling. CKs are peptide, pleiotropic molecules involved in a broad range of cellular functions, with a pivotal role in resolving the inflammation and promoting tissue healing. However, pro-inflammatory CKs can exert a detrimental effect in pathological conditions, spreading the damage. In the inflamed CNS, CKs recruit immune cells, stimulate the local production of other inflammatory mediators, and promote synaptic dysfunction. Our understanding of neuroinflammation in humans owes much to the study of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common autoimmune and demyelinating disease, in which autoreactive T cells migrate from the periphery to the CNS after the encounter with a still unknown antigen. CNS-infiltrating T cells produce pro-inflammatory CKs that aggravate local demyelination and neurodegeneration. This review aims to recapitulate the state of the art about CKs role in the healthy and inflamed CNS, with focus on recent advances bridging the study of adaptive immune system and neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Amoriello
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136, Trieste, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Christian Memo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Ballerini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Clara Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136, Trieste, Italy.
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7
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Lei Z, Lin W. Mechanisms Governing Oligodendrocyte Viability in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models. Cells 2024; 13:116. [PMID: 38247808 PMCID: PMC10814231 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which is triggered by an autoimmune assault targeting oligodendrocytes and myelin. Recent research indicates that the demise of oligodendrocytes due to an autoimmune attack contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). A key challenge in MS research lies in comprehending the mechanisms governing oligodendrocyte viability and devising therapeutic approaches to enhance oligodendrocyte survival. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings that highlight the contributions of oligodendrocyte death to the development of MS and EAE and summarize the current literature on the mechanisms governing oligodendrocyte viability in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Withana M, Castorina A. Potential Crosstalk between the PACAP/VIP Neuropeptide System and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Relevance to Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology. Cells 2023; 12:2633. [PMID: 37998368 PMCID: PMC10670126 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by focal demyelination and chronic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the exact etiology is unclear, mounting evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress represents a key event in disease pathogenesis. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are two structurally related neuropeptides that are abundant in the CNS and are known to exert neuroprotective and immune modulatory roles. Activation of this endogenous neuropeptide system may interfere with ER stress processes to promote glial cell survival and myelin self-repair. However, the potential crosstalk between the PACAP/VIP system and ER stress remains elusive. In this review, we aim to discuss how these peptides ameliorate ER stress in the CNS, with a focus on MS pathology. Our goal is to emphasize the importance of this potential interaction to aid in the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of MS and other demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
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9
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Chen Y, Quan S, Patil V, Kunjamma RB, Tokars HM, Leisten ED, Joy G, Wills S, Chan JR, Wong YC, Popko B. Insights into the mechanism of oligodendrocyte protection and remyelination enhancement by the integrated stress response. Glia 2023; 71:2180-2195. [PMID: 37203250 PMCID: PMC10681276 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
central nervous system (CNS) inflammation triggers activation of the integrated stress response (ISR). We previously reported that prolonging the ISR protects remyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes remyelination in the presence of inflammation. However, the exact mechanisms through which this occurs remain unknown. Here, we investigated whether the ISR modulator Sephin1 in combination with the oligodendrocyte differentiation enhancing reagent bazedoxifene (BZA) is able to accelerate remyelination under inflammation, and the underlying mechanisms mediating this pathway. We find that the combined treatment of Sephin1 and BZA is sufficient to accelerate early-stage remyelination in mice with ectopic IFN-γ expression in the CNS. IFN-γ, which is a critical inflammatory cytokine in multiple sclerosis (MS), inhibits oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation in culture and triggers a mild ISR. Mechanistically, we further show that BZA promotes OPC differentiation in the presence of IFN-γ, while Sephin1 enhances the IFN-γ-induced ISR by reducing protein synthesis and increasing RNA stress granule formation in differentiating oligodendrocytes. Finally, pharmacological suppression of the ISR blocks stress granule formation in vitro and partially lessens the beneficial effect of Sephin1 on disease progression in a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Overall, our findings uncover distinct mechanisms of action of BZA and Sephin1 on oligodendrocyte lineage cells under inflammatory stress, suggesting that a combination therapy may effectively promote restoring neuronal function in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Deptment of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Songhua Quan
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Vaibhav Patil
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rejani B. Kunjamma
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haley M. Tokars
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eric D. Leisten
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Godwin Joy
- Deptment of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Samantha Wills
- Deptment of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jonah R. Chan
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Yvette C. Wong
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Talukdar G, Orr HT, Lei Z. The PERK pathway: beneficial or detrimental for neurodegenerative diseases and tumor growth and cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2545-2557. [PMID: 37384418 PMCID: PMC10407711 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) is one of the three major sensors in the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is involved in the modulation of protein synthesis as an adaptive response. Prolonged PERK activity correlates with the development of diseases and the attenuation of disease severity. Thus, the current debate focuses on the role of the PERK signaling pathway either in accelerating or preventing diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, myelin disorders, and tumor growth and cancer. In this review, we examine the current findings on the PERK signaling pathway and whether it is beneficial or detrimental for the above-mentioned disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourango Talukdar
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Harry T Orr
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhixin Lei
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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11
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Schlett JS, Mettang M, Skaf A, Schweizer P, Errerd A, Mulugeta EA, Hein TM, Tsesmelis K, Tsesmelis M, Büttner UFG, Wendt H, Abaei A, Rasche V, Prex V, Nespoli E, Alami NO, Tews D, Walther P, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Oswald F, Dimou L, Wirth T, Baumann B. NF-κB is a critical mediator of post-mitotic senescence in oligodendrocytes and subsequent white matter loss. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:24. [PMID: 37069623 PMCID: PMC10108549 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammaging represents an accepted concept where the immune system shifts to a low-grade chronic pro-inflammatory state without overt infection upon aging. In the CNS, inflammaging is mainly driven by glia cells and associated with neurodegenerative processes. White matter degeneration (WMD), a well-known process in the aging brain, manifests in myelin loss finally resulting in motor, sensory and cognitive impairments. Oligodendrocytes (OL) are responsible for homeostasis and maintenance of the myelin sheaths, which is a complex and highly energy demanding process sensitizing these cells to metabolic, oxidative and other forms of stress. Yet, the immediate impact of chronic inflammatory stress like inflammaging on OL homeostasis, myelin maintenance and WMD remains open. METHODS To functionally analyze the role of IKK/NF-κB signaling in the regulation of myelin homeostasis and maintenance in the adult CNS, we established a conditional mouse model allowing NF-κB activation in mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. IKK2-CAPLP-CreERT2 mice were characterized by biochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and behavioral analyses. Transcriptome data from isolated, primary OLs and microglia cells were explored by in silico pathway analysis and validated by complementary molecular approaches. RESULTS Chronic NF-κB activation in mature OLs leads to aggravated neuroinflammatory conditions phenocopying brain inflammaging. As a consequence, IKK2-CAPLP-CreERT2 mice showed specific neurological deficits and impaired motoric learning. Upon aging, persistent NF-κB signaling promotes WMD in these mice as ultrastructural analysis revealed myelination deficits in the corpus callosum accompanied by impaired myelin protein expression. RNA-Seq analysis of primary oligodendrocytes and microglia cells uncovers gene expression signatures associated with activated stress responses and increased post mitotic cellular senescence (PoMiCS) which was confirmed by elevated senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and SASP gene expression profile. We identified an elevated integrated stress response (ISR) characterized by phosphorylation of eIF2α as a relevant molecular mechanism which is able to affect translation of myelin proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate an essential role of IKK/NF-κB signaling in mature, post-mitotic OLs in regulating stress-induced senescence in these cells. Moreover, our study identifies PoMICS as an important driving force of age-dependent WMD as well as of traumatic brain injury induced myelin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Stefanie Schlett
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Mettang
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aladdin Skaf
- Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pavel Schweizer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alina Errerd
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tabea Melissa Hein
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Tsesmelis
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miltiadis Tsesmelis
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrike F G Büttner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heinrich Wendt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging (CF-SANI), Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging (CF-SANI), Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vivien Prex
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ester Nespoli
- Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Najwa Ouali Alami
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Core Facility Extracellular Flux Analyzer, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Deniz Yilmazer-Hanke
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Franz Oswald
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Leda Dimou
- Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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12
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Locatelli G, Marques-Ferreira F, Katsoulas A, Kalaitzaki V, Krueger M, Ingold-Heppner B, Walthert S, Sankowski R, Prazeres da Costa O, Dolga A, Huber M, Gold M, Culmsee C, Waisman A, Bechmann I, Milchevskaya V, Prinz M, Tresch A, Becher B, Buch T. IGF1R expression by adult oligodendrocytes is not required in the steady-state but supports neuroinflammation. Glia 2023; 71:616-632. [PMID: 36394300 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) regulates myelination by oligodendrocyte (ODC) precursor cells and shows anti-apoptotic properties in neuronal cells in different in vitro and in vivo systems. Previous work also suggests that IGF-1 protects ODCs from cell death and enhances remyelination in models of toxin-induced and autoimmune demyelination. However, since evidence remains controversial, the therapeutic potential of IGF-1 in demyelinating CNS conditions is unclear. To finally shed light on the function of IGF1-signaling for ODCs, we deleted insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) specifically in mature ODCs of the mouse. We found that ODC survival and myelin status were unaffected by the absence of IGF1R until 15 months of age, indicating that IGF-1 signaling does not play a major role in post-mitotic ODCs during homeostasis. Notably, the absence of IGF1R did neither affect ODC survival nor myelin status upon cuprizone intoxication or induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), models for toxic and autoimmune demyelination, respectively. Surprisingly, however, the absence of IGF1R from ODCs protected against clinical neuroinflammation in the EAE model. Together, our data indicate that IGF-1 signaling is not required for the function and survival of mature ODCs in steady-state and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Locatelli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonis Katsoulas
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | | | - Martin Krueger
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Ingold-Heppner
- Institute of Pathology, Campus Mitte, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Roman Sankowski
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Amalia Dolga
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maike Gold
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vladislava Milchevskaya
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Tresch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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13
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Insights into the mechanism of oligodendrocyte protection and remyelination enhancement by the integrated stress response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.23.525156. [PMID: 36747743 PMCID: PMC9900777 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.525156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CNS inflammation triggers activation of the integrated stress response (ISR). We previously reported that prolonging the ISR protects remyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes remyelination in the presence of inflammation (Chen et al., eLife , 2021). However, the exact mechanisms through which this occurs remain unknown. Here, we investigated whether the ISR modulator Sephin1 in combination with the oligodendrocyte differentiation enhancing reagent bazedoxifene (BZA) is able to accelerate remyelination under inflammation, and the underlying mechanisms mediating this pathway. We find that the combined treatment of Sephin1 and BZA is sufficient to accelerate early-stage remyelination in mice with ectopic IFN-γ expression in the CNS. IFN-γ, which is a critical inflammatory cytokine in multiple sclerosis (MS), inhibits oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation in culture and triggers a mild ISR. Mechanistically, we further show that BZA promotes OPC differentiation in the presence of IFN-γ, while Sephin1 enhances the IFN-γ-induced ISR by reducing protein synthesis and increasing RNA stress granule formation in differentiating oligodendrocytes. Finally, the ISR suppressor 2BAct is able to partially lessen the beneficial effect of Sephin1 on disease progression, in an MS mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Overall, our findings uncover distinct mechanisms of action of BZA and Sephin1 on oligodendrocyte lineage cells under inflammatory stress, suggesting that a combination therapy may effectively promote restoring neuronal function in MS patients.
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14
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Vogel I, Acolty V, Keler T, Goriely S, Leo O, Moser M. Agonistic anti-CD27 antibody ameliorates EAE by suppressing IL-17 production. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1620-1629. [PMID: 35856659 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD27/CD70 costimulation enhances T-cell survival, memory formation and Th1-cell differentiation and effector function. In addition to promoting Th1 responses, CD27 signaling has been shown to exert a negative regulatory role on IL-17 production, resulting in increased sensitivity of CD27 KO mice to EAE. By inducing EAE in full CD27 KO mice, and in a novel, T-cell specific CD27 KO mouse strain (CD4-Cre x CD27flox/flox ), we demonstrate herein that CD27 engagement by its natural ligand (CD70) suppresses IL-17 production in a cell autonomous fashion. We further show that CD27 engagement by an agonistic antibody given after EAE induction or at symptom onset similarly suppresses IL-17 production by activated CD4+ T cells infiltrating the inflamed CNS while IFN-γ production was unaffected, leading to an amelioration of inflammatory-related symptoms. These findings propose CD27 costimulation as a potential candidate for therapeutic manipulation to treat autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases characterized by excessive IL-17 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Vogel
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) - IBMM, Rue des Prof. Jeener et Brachet 12, Gosselies, 6041, Belgium.,NeuVasQ Biotechnologies, Rue Auguste Piccard 48, Gosselies, 6041, Belgium
| | - Valerie Acolty
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) - IBMM, Rue des Prof. Jeener et Brachet 12, Gosselies, 6041, Belgium
| | - Tibor Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., 53 Frontage Road, Suite 220, Hampton, NJ, 08827, USA
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) - IBMM, Rue des Prof. Jeener et Brachet 12, Gosselies, 6041, Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) - IBMM, Rue des Prof. Jeener et Brachet 12, Gosselies, 6041, Belgium
| | - Muriel Moser
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) - IBMM, Rue des Prof. Jeener et Brachet 12, Gosselies, 6041, Belgium
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15
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Kukharsky MS, Everett MW, Lytkina OA, Raspopova MA, Kovrazhkina EA, Ovchinnikov RK, Antohin AI, Moskovtsev AA. Protein Homeostasis Dysregulation in Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322060115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Toboz P, Amiri M, Tabatabaei N, Dufour CR, Kim SH, Fillebeen C, Ayemoba CE, Khoutorsky A, Nairz M, Shao L, Pajcini KV, Kim KW, Giguère V, Oliveira RL, Constante M, Santos MM, Morales CR, Pantopoulos K, Sonenberg N, Pinho S, Tahmasebi S. The amino acid sensor GCN2 controls red blood cell clearance and iron metabolism through regulation of liver macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121251119. [PMID: 35994670 PMCID: PMC9436309 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121251119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GCN2 (general control nonderepressible 2) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that controls messenger RNA translation in response to amino acid availability and ribosome stalling. Here, we show that GCN2 controls erythrocyte clearance and iron recycling during stress. Our data highlight the importance of liver macrophages as the primary cell type mediating these effects. During different stress conditions, such as hemolysis, amino acid deficiency or hypoxia, GCN2 knockout (GCN2-/-) mice displayed resistance to anemia compared with wild-type (GCN2+/+) mice. GCN2-/- liver macrophages exhibited defective erythrophagocytosis and lysosome maturation. Molecular analysis of GCN2-/- cells demonstrated that the ATF4-NRF2 pathway is a critical downstream mediator of GCN2 in regulating red blood cell clearance and iron recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoenix Toboz
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Negar Tabatabaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Catherine R. Dufour
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Carine Fillebeen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Charles E. Ayemoba
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Lijian Shao
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Kostandin V. Pajcini
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Vincent Giguère
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Regiana L. Oliveira
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Marco Constante
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Centre de recherche du CHUM and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3X 0A9, Canada
| | - Manuela M. Santos
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Centre de recherche du CHUM and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3X 0A9, Canada
| | - Carlos R. Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sandra Pinho
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Soroush Tahmasebi
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
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17
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Zirngibl M, Assinck P, Sizov A, Caprariello AV, Plemel JR. Oligodendrocyte death and myelin loss in the cuprizone model: an updated overview of the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of cuprizone demyelination. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:34. [PMID: 35526004 PMCID: PMC9077942 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary consumption of cuprizone – a copper chelator – has long been known to induce demyelination of specific brain structures and is widely used as model of multiple sclerosis. Despite the extensive use of cuprizone, the mechanism by which it induces demyelination are still unknown. With this review we provide an updated understanding of this model, by showcasing two distinct yet overlapping modes of action for cuprizone-induced demyelination; 1) damage originating from within the oligodendrocyte, caused by mitochondrial dysfunction or reduced myelin protein synthesis. We term this mode of action ‘intrinsic cell damage’. And 2) damage to the oligodendrocyte exerted by inflammatory molecules, brain resident cells, such as oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia or peripheral immune cells – neutrophils or T-cells. We term this mode of action ‘extrinsic cellular damage’. Lastly, we summarize recent developments in research on different forms of cell death induced by cuprizone, which could add valuable insights into the mechanisms of cuprizone toxicity. With this review we hope to provide a modern understanding of cuprizone-induced demyelination to understand the causes behind the demyelination in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zirngibl
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Peggy Assinck
- Wellcome Trust- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anastasia Sizov
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew V Caprariello
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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18
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Shi M, Chai Y, Zhang J, Chen X. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Neuronal Death and Innate Immune Response in Neurological Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 12:794580. [PMID: 35082783 PMCID: PMC8784382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal death and inflammatory response are two common pathological hallmarks of acute central nervous system injury and chronic degenerative disorders, both of which are closely related to cognitive and motor dysfunction associated with various neurological diseases. Neurological diseases are highly heterogeneous; however, they share a common pathogenesis, that is, the aberrant accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fortunately, the cell has intrinsic quality control mechanisms to maintain the proteostasis network, such as chaperone-mediated folding and ER-associated degradation. However, when these control mechanisms fail, misfolded/unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen and contribute to ER stress. ER stress has been implicated in nearly all neurological diseases. ER stress initiates the unfolded protein response to restore proteostasis, and if the damage is irreversible, it elicits intracellular cascades of death and inflammation. With the growing appreciation of a functional association between ER stress and neurological diseases and with the improved understanding of the multiple underlying molecular mechanisms, pharmacological and genetic targeting of ER stress are beginning to emerge as therapeutic approaches for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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19
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Sims SG, Cisney RN, Lipscomb MM, Meares GP. The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in astrocytes. Glia 2021; 70:5-19. [PMID: 34462963 PMCID: PMC9292588 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are glial cells that support neurological function in the central nervous system (CNS), in part, by providing structural support for neuronal synapses and blood vessels, participating in electrical and chemical transmission, and providing trophic support via soluble factors. Dysregulation of astrocyte function contributes to neurological decline in CNS diseases. Neurological diseases are highly heterogeneous but share common features of cellular stress including the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been reported in nearly all neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. ER stress occurs when there is an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen and the protein folding demand of the ER is overwhelmed. ER stress initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore homeostasis by abating protein translation and, if the cell is irreparably damaged, initiating apoptosis. Although protein aggregation and misfolding in neurological disease has been well described, cell-specific contributions of ER stress and the UPR in physiological and disease states are poorly understood. Recent work has revealed a role for active UPR signaling that may drive astrocytes toward a maladaptive phenotype in various model systems. In response to ER stress, astrocytes produce inflammatory mediators, have reduced trophic support, and can transmit ER stress to other cells. This review will discuss the current known contributions and consequences of activated UPR signaling in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah G Sims
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Rylee N Cisney
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Marissa M Lipscomb
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gordon P Meares
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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20
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Sidoli M, Reed CB, Scapin C, Paez P, Cavener DR, Kaufman RJ, D'Antonio M, Feltri ML, Wrabetz L. Calcineurin Activity Is Increased in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B Demyelinating Neuropathy. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4536-4548. [PMID: 33879538 PMCID: PMC8152608 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2384-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells produce a considerable amount of lipids and proteins to form myelin in the PNS. For this reason, the quality control of myelin proteins is crucial to ensure proper myelin synthesis. Deletion of serine 63 from P0 (P0S63del) protein in myelin forming Schwann cells causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B neuropathy in humans and mice. Misfolded P0S63del accumulates in the ER of Schwann cells where it elicits the unfolded protein response (UPR). PERK is the UPR transducer that attenuates global translation and reduces ER stress by phosphorylating the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha. Paradoxically, Perk ablation in P0S63del Schwann cells (S63del/PerkSCKO ) reduced the level of P-eIF2alpha, leaving UPR markers upregulated, yet unexpectedly improved S63del myelin defects in vivo We therefore investigated the hypothesis that PERK may interfere with signals outside of the UPR and specifically with calcineurin/NFATc4 pro-myelinating pathway. Using mouse genetics including females and males in our experimental setting, we show that PERK and calcineurin interact in P0S63del nerves and that calcineurin activity and NFATc4 nuclear localization are increased in S63del Schwann cells, without altering EGR2/KROX20 expression. Moreover, genetic manipulation of the calcineurin subunits appears to be either protective or toxic in S63del in a context-dependent manner, suggesting that Schwann cells are highly sensitive to alterations of calcineurin activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our work shows a novel activity and function for calcineurin in Schwann cells in the context of ER stress. Schwann cells expressing the S63del mutation in P0 protein induce the unfolded protein response and upregulate calcineurin activity. Calcineurin interacts with the ER stress transducer PERK, but the relationship between the UPR and calcineurin in Schwann cells is unclear. Here we propose a protective role for calcineurin in S63del neuropathy, although Schwann cells appear to be very sensitive to its regulation. The paper uncovers a new important role for calcineurin in a demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapaola Sidoli
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Chelsey B Reed
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Cristina Scapin
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Pablo Paez
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Douglas R Cavener
- Department of Biology, Center for Cellular Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Maurizio D'Antonio
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
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21
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Guo YS, Yuan M, Han Y, Shen XY, Gao ZK, Bi X. Therapeutic Potential of Cytokines in Demyelinating Lesions After Stroke. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2035-2052. [PMID: 33970426 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
White matter damage is a component of most human stroke and usually accounts for at least half of the lesion volume. Subcortical white matter stroke (WMS) accounts for 25% of all strokes and causes severe motor and cognitive dysfunction. The adult brain has a very limited ability to repair white matter damage. Pathological analysis shows that demyelination or myelin loss is the main feature of white matter injury and plays an important role in long-term sensorimotor and cognitive dysfunction. This suggests that demyelination is a major therapeutic target for ischemic stroke injury. An acute inflammatory reaction is triggered by brain ischemia, which is accompanied by cytokine production. The production of cytokines is an important factor affecting demyelination and myelin regeneration. Different cytokines have different effects on myelin damage and myelin regeneration. Exploring the role of cytokines in demyelination and remyelination after stroke and the underlying molecular mechanisms of demyelination and myelin regeneration after ischemic injury is very important for the development of rehabilitation treatment strategies. This review focuses on recent findings on the effects of cytokines on myelin damage and remyelination as well as the progress of research on the role of cytokines in ischemic stroke prognosis to provide a new treatment approach for amelioration of white matter damage after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sha Guo
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yu Han
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Chen Y, Kunjamma RB, Weiner M, Chan JR, Popko B. Prolonging the integrated stress response enhances CNS remyelination in an inflammatory environment. eLife 2021; 10:65469. [PMID: 33752802 PMCID: PMC7987340 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory environment of demyelinated lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients contributes to remyelination failure. Inflammation activates a cytoprotective pathway, the integrated stress response (ISR), but it remains unclear whether enhancing the ISR can improve remyelination in an inflammatory environment. To examine this possibility, the remyelination stage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as well as a mouse model that incorporates cuprizone-induced demyelination along with CNS delivery of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ were used here. We demonstrate that either genetic or pharmacological ISR enhancement significantly increased the number of remyelinating oligodendrocytes and remyelinated axons in the inflammatory lesions. Moreover, the combined treatment of the ISR modulator Sephin1 with the oligodendrocyte differentiation enhancing reagent bazedoxifene increased myelin thickness of remyelinated axons to pre-lesion levels. Taken together, our findings indicate that prolonging the ISR protects remyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes remyelination in the presence of inflammation, suggesting that ISR enhancement may provide reparative benefit to MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Rejani B Kunjamma
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Molly Weiner
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
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23
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Heparanome-Mediated Rescue of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Quiescence following Inflammatory Demyelination. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2245-2263. [PMID: 33472827 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0580-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ, which is chronically elevated in multiple sclerosis, induces pathologic quiescence in human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) via upregulation of the transcription factor PRRX1. In this study using animals of both sexes, we investigated the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the modulation of IFN-γ signaling following demyelination. We found that IFN-γ profoundly impaired OPC proliferation and recruitment following adult spinal cord demyelination. IFN-γ-induced quiescence was mediated by direct signaling in OPCs as conditional genetic ablation of IFNγR1 (Ifngr1) in adult NG2+ OPCs completely abrogated these inhibitory effects. Intriguingly, OPC-specific IFN-γ signaling contributed to failed oligodendrocyte differentiation, which was associated with hyperactive Wnt/Bmp target gene expression in OPCs. We found that PI-88, a heparan sulfate mimetic, directly antagonized IFN-γ to rescue human OPC proliferation and differentiation in vitro and blocked the IFN-γ-mediated inhibitory effects on OPC recruitment in vivo Importantly, heparanase modulation by PI-88 or OGT2155 in demyelinated lesions rescued IFN-γ-mediated axonal damage and demyelination. In addition to OPC-specific effects, IFN-γ-augmented lesions were characterized by increased size, reactive astrogliosis, and proinflammatory microglial/macrophage activation along with exacerbated axonal injury and cell death. Heparanase inhibitor treatment rescued many of the negative IFN-γ-induced sequelae suggesting a profound modulation of the lesion environment. Together, these results suggest that the modulation of the heparanome represents a rational approach to mitigate the negative effects of proinflammatory signaling and rescuing pathologic quiescence in the inflamed and demyelinated human brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The failure of remyelination in multiple sclerosis contributes to neurologic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. The activation and proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) is a necessary step in the recruitment phase of remyelination. Here, we show that the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ directly acts on OPCs to induce pathologic quiescence and thereby limit recruitment following demyelination. Heparan sulfate is a highly structured sulfated carbohydrate polymer that is present on the cell surface and regulates several aspects of the signaling microenvironment. We find that pathologic interferon-γ can be blocked by modulation of the heparanome following demyelination using either a heparan mimetic or by treatment with heparanase inhibitor. These studies establish the potential for modulation of heparanome as a regenerative approach in demyelinating disease.
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24
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Pusic KM, Won L, Kraig RP, Pusic AD. Environmental Enrichment and Its Benefits for Migraine: Dendritic Cell Extracellular Vesicles as an Effective Mimetic. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 3:215-225. [PMID: 34337600 PMCID: PMC8321388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment produces beneficial effects in the brain at genetic, molecular, cellular and behavior levels, and has long been studied as a therapeutic intervention for a wide variety of neurological disorders. However, the complexity of applying a robust environmental enrichment paradigm makes clinical use difficult. Accordingly, there has been increased interest in developing environmental enrichment mimetics, also known as enviromimetics. Here we review the benefits of environmental enrichment for migraine treatment, and discuss the potential of using extracellular vesicles derived from interferon gamma-stimulated dendritic cells as an effective mimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Myriam Pusic
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Il 60637-1470, USA
| | - Lisa Won
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Il 60637-1470, USA
| | - Richard Paul Kraig
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Il 60637-1470, USA
| | - Aya Darinka Pusic
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Il 60637-1470, USA
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25
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Liu S, Sun H, Zhou Q, Yu G, Qin D, Ma Q. Nervonic acid regulates the oxidative imbalance in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.27.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology
| | - Hua Sun
- Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Qingli Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology
| | - Gongming Yu
- Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Dawei Qin
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Qiang Ma
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University
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26
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Kirby L, Castelo-Branco G. Crossing boundaries: Interplay between the immune system and oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 116:45-52. [PMID: 33162336 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes and their progenitors are glial cells in the central nervous system, which have been mainly implicated with the homeostatic roles of axonal myelin ensheathment but serve as targets of the peripheral immune system attack in the context of diseases like multiple sclerosis. This view of oligodendroglia as passive bystanders with no immunological properties was first challenged in the 1980s when it was reported that the cytokine interferon γ could induce the gene expression of the major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) class I and II. While the physiological role of this induction was controversial for decades to follow, recent studies suggest that oligodendroglia survey their environment, respond to a larger array of cues and can indeed exert immunomodulatory functions, which are particularly relevant in the context of neurodegeneration and demyelinating diseases. The alternative functionality of oligodendroglia not only regulates immune cell responses, but also hinders remyelination, and might thereby be key to understanding MS disease pathology and promoting regeneration after immune-mediated demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Kirby
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Extrinsic immune cell-derived, but not intrinsic oligodendroglial factors contribute to oligodendroglial differentiation block in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:715-736. [PMID: 32894330 PMCID: PMC7547031 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent demyelinating disease in young adults and despite significant advances in immunotherapy, disease progression still cannot be prevented. Promotion of remyelination, an endogenous repair mechanism resulting in the formation of new myelin sheaths around demyelinated axons, represents a promising new treatment approach. However, remyelination frequently fails in MS lesions, which can in part be attributed to impaired differentiation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells into mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. The reasons for impaired oligodendroglial differentiation and defective remyelination in MS are currently unknown. To determine whether intrinsic oligodendroglial factors contribute to impaired remyelination in relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), we compared induced pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes (hiOL) from RRMS patients and controls, among them two monozygous twin pairs discordant for MS. We found that hiOL from RRMS patients and controls were virtually indistinguishable with respect to remyelination-associated functions and proteomic composition. However, while analyzing the effect of extrinsic factors we discovered that supernatants of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) significantly inhibit oligodendroglial differentiation. In particular, we identified CD4+ T cells as mediators of impaired oligodendroglial differentiation; at least partly due to interferon-gamma secretion. Additionally, we observed that blocked oligodendroglial differentiation induced by PBMC supernatants could not be restored by application of oligodendroglial differentiation promoting drugs, whereas treatment of PBMCs with the immunomodulatory drug teriflunomide prior to supernatant collection partly rescued oligodendroglial differentiation. In summary, these data indicate that the oligodendroglial differentiation block is not due to intrinsic oligodendroglial factors but rather caused by the inflammatory environment in RRMS lesions which underlines the need for drug screening approaches taking the inflammatory environment into account. Combined, these findings may contribute to the development of new remyelination promoting strategies.
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28
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Titus HE, Chen Y, Podojil JR, Robinson AP, Balabanov R, Popko B, Miller SD. Pre-clinical and Clinical Implications of "Inside-Out" vs. "Outside-In" Paradigms in Multiple Sclerosis Etiopathogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:599717. [PMID: 33192332 PMCID: PMC7654287 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.599717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurological disorder, characterized by central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, oligodendrocyte loss, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. Although autoimmunity, inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration underlie MS, the initiating event has yet to be clarified. Effective disease modifying therapies need to both regulate the immune system and promote restoration of neuronal function, including remyelination. The challenge in developing an effective long-lived therapy for MS requires that three disease-associated targets be addressed: (1) self-tolerance must be re-established to specifically inhibit the underlying myelin-directed autoimmune pathogenic mechanisms; (2) neurons must be protected from inflammatory injury and degeneration; (3) myelin repair must be engendered by stimulating oligodendrocyte progenitors to remyelinate CNS neuronal axons. The combined use of chronic and relapsing remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (C-EAE, R-EAE) (“outside-in”) as well as progressive diphtheria toxin A chain (DTA) and cuprizone autoimmune encephalitis (CAE) (“inside-out”) mouse models allow for the investigation and specific targeting of all three of these MS-associated disease parameters. The “outside-in” EAE models initiated by myelin-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells allow for the evaluation of both myelin-specific tolerance in the absence or presence of neuroprotective and/or remyelinating agents. The “inside-out” mouse models of secondary inflammatory demyelination are triggered by toxin-induced oligodendrocyte loss or subtle myelin damage, which allows evaluation of novel therapeutics that could promote remyelination and neuroprotection in the CNS. Overall, utilizing these complementary pre-clinical MS models will open new avenues for developing therapeutic interventions, tackling MS from the “outside-in” and/or “inside-out”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Titus
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joseph R Podojil
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Cour Pharmaceutical Development Company, Inc., Northbrook, IL, United States
| | - Andrew P Robinson
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Roumen Balabanov
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Cour Pharmaceutical Development Company, Inc., Northbrook, IL, United States.,Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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29
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The Integrated UPR and ERAD in Oligodendrocytes Maintain Myelin Thickness in Adults by Regulating Myelin Protein Translation. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8214-8232. [PMID: 32958569 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0604-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin proteins, which are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are essential and necessary for maintaining myelin structure. The integrated unfold protein response (UPR) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) are the primary ER quality control mechanism. The adaptor protein Sel1L (Suppressor/Enhancer of Lin-12-like) controls the stability of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 (hydroxymethylglutaryl reductase degradation protein 1), and is necessary for the ERAD activity of the Sel1L-Hrd1 complex. Herein, we showed that Sel1L deficiency specifically in oligodendrocytes caused ERAD impairment, the UPR activation, and attenuation of myelin protein biosynthesis; and resulted in late-onset, progressive myelin thinning in the CNS of adult mice (both male and female). The pancreatic ER kinase (PERK) branch of the UPR functions as the master regulator of protein translation in ER-stressed cells. Importantly, PERK inactivation reversed attenuation of myelin protein biosynthesis in oligodendrocytes and restored myelin thickness in the CNS of oligodendrocyte-specific Sel1L-deficient mice (both male and female). Conversely, blockage of proteolipid protein production exacerbated myelin thinning in the CNS of oligodendrocyte-specific Sel1L-deficient mice (both male and female). These findings suggest that impaired ERAD in oligodendrocytes reduces myelin thickness in the adult CNS through suppression of myelin protein translation by activating PERK.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myelin is an enormous extended plasma membrane of oligodendrocytes that wraps and insulates axons. Myelin structure, including thickness, was thought to be extraordinarily stable in adults. Myelin proteins, which are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are essential and necessary for maintaining myelin structure. The integrated unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) are the primary mechanism that maintains ER protein homeostasis. Herein, we explored the role of the integrated UPR and ERAD in oligodendrocytes in regulating myelin protein production and maintaining myelin structure using mouse models. The results presented in this study imply that the integrated UPR and ERAD in oligodendrocytes maintain myelin thickness in adults by regulating myelin protein production.
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30
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Yousuf MS, Samtleben S, Lamothe SM, Friedman TN, Catuneanu A, Thorburn K, Desai M, Tenorio G, Schenk GJ, Ballanyi K, Kurata HT, Simmen T, Kerr BJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the dorsal root ganglia regulates large-conductance potassium channels and contributes to pain in a model of multiple sclerosis. FASEB J 2020; 34:12577-12598. [PMID: 32677089 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001163r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) and current treatment options are ineffective. In this study, we investigated whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contributes to pain hypersensitivity in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. Inflammatory cells and increased levels of ER stress markers are evident in post-mortem DRGs from MS patients. Similarly, we observed ER stress in the DRG of mice with EAE and relieving ER stress with a chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), reduced pain hypersensitivity. In vitro, 4-PBA and the selective PERK inhibitor, AMG44, normalize cytosolic Ca2+ transients in putative DRG nociceptors. We went on to assess disease-mediated changes in the functional properties of Ca2+ -sensitive BK-type K+ channels in DRG neurons. We found that the conductance-voltage (GV) relationship of BK channels was shifted to a more positive voltage, together with a more depolarized resting membrane potential in EAE cells. Our results suggest that ER stress in sensory neurons of MS patients and mice with EAE is a source of pain and that ER stress modulators can effectively counteract this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Samira Samtleben
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shawn M Lamothe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Timothy N Friedman
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ana Catuneanu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kevin Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mansi Desai
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gustavo Tenorio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Geert J Schenk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Ballanyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Harley T Kurata
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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31
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NF-κB Activation Accounts for the Cytoprotective Effects of PERK Activation on Oligodendrocytes during EAE. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6444-6456. [PMID: 32661025 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1156-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrate that activation of pancreatic ER kinase (PERK) protects oligodendrocytes against inflammation in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Interestingly, data indicate that the cytoprotective effects of PERK activation on oligodendrocytes during EAE are not mediated by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) but are accompanied by activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). NF-κB plays a critical role in MS and EAE; however, the effects of NF-κB activation on oligodendrocytes in these diseases remain elusive. Herein, we generated a mouse model that allow for activation of NF-κB specifically in oligodendrocytes and found that enhanced NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes had a minimal effect on their viability and function under normal conditions (both male and female mice). Interestingly, we found that enhanced NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes attenuated EAE disease severity and ameliorated EAE-induced oligodendrocyte loss, demyelination, and axon degeneration, without affecting inflammation (female mice). Moreover, we showed that the detrimental effects of PERK inactivation in oligodendrocytes in EAE were accompanied by impaired NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes, and were completely rescued by enhanced NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes (female mice). These findings suggest that NF-κB activation accounts for the cytoprotective effects of PERK activation on oligodendrocytes in MS and EAE.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is activated in oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); however, the role of NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes in MS and EAE remains elusive. Herein, we generated a mouse model that allows for activation of NF-κB selectively in oligodendrocytes and demonstrated that NF-κB activation prevented oligodendrocyte death and myelin damage in the EAE model. We further demonstrated that NF-κB activation contributed to the protective effects of pancreatic ER kinase (PERK) activation on oligodendrocytes in the EAE model. As such, this work will facilitate the development of new treatments that enhance oligodendrocyte survival in MS patients by targeting the PERK-NF-κB pathway.
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32
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Signatures of cell stress and altered bioenergetics in skin fibroblasts from patients with multiple sclerosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15134-15156. [PMID: 32640422 PMCID: PMC7425440 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease and the most common cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. Despite progress in the treatment of the active relapsing disease, therapeutic options targeting irreversible progressive decline remain limited. Studies using skin fibroblasts derived from patients with neurodegenerative disorders demonstrate that cell stress pathways and bioenergetics are altered when compared to healthy individuals. However, findings in MS skin fibroblasts are limited. Here, we collected skin fibroblasts from 24 healthy control individuals, 30 patients with MS, and ten with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to investigate altered cell stress profiles. We observed endoplasmic reticulum swelling in MS skin fibroblasts, and increased gene expression of cell stress markers including BIP, ATF4, CHOP, GRP94, P53, and P21. When challenged against hydrogen peroxide, MS skin fibroblasts had reduced resiliency compared to ALS and controls. Mitochondrial and glycolytic functions were perturbed in MS skin fibroblasts while exhibiting a significant increase in lactate production over ALS and controls. Our results suggest that MS skin fibroblasts have an underlying stress phenotype, which may be disease specific. Interrogating MS skin fibroblasts may provide patient specific molecular insights and aid in prognosis, diagnosis, and therapeutic testing enhancing individualized medicine.
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33
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Costa-Mattioli M, Walter P. The integrated stress response: From mechanism to disease. Science 2020; 368:368/6489/eaat5314. [PMID: 32327570 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 672] [Impact Index Per Article: 168.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein quality control is essential for the proper function of cells and the organisms that they make up. The resulting loss of proteostasis, the processes by which the health of the cell's proteins is monitored and maintained at homeostasis, is associated with a wide range of age-related human diseases. Here, we highlight how the integrated stress response (ISR), a central signaling network that responds to proteostasis defects by tuning protein synthesis rates, impedes the formation of long-term memory. In addition, we address how dysregulated ISR signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of complex diseases, including cognitive disorders, neurodegeneration, cancer, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. The development of tools through which the ISR can be modulated promises to uncover new avenues to diminish pathologies resulting from it for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Costa-Mattioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Memory and Brain Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Peter Walter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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34
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Abstract
Activation of the unfolded protein response in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress preserves cell viability and function under stressful conditions. Nevertheless, persistent, unresolvable activation of the unfolded protein response can trigger apoptosis to eliminate stressed cells. Recent studies show that the unfolded protein response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various disorders of myelin, including multiples sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, vanishing white matter disease, spinal cord injury, tuberous sclerosis complex, and hypoxia-induced perinatal white matter injury. In this review we summarize the current literature on the unfolded protein response and the evidence for its role in the pathogenesis of myelin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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35
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Mahadevan J, Morikawa S, Yagi T, Abreu D, Lu S, Kanekura K, Brown CM, Urano F. A soluble endoplasmic reticulum factor as regenerative therapy for Wolfram syndrome. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1197-1207. [PMID: 32366942 PMCID: PMC7438202 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated cell death is an emerging target for human chronic disorders, including neurodegeneration and diabetes. However, there is currently no treatment for preventing ER stress-mediated cell death. Here, we show that mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), a neurotrophic factor secreted from ER stressed cells, prevents ER stress-mediated β cell death and enhances β cell proliferation in cell and mouse models of Wolfram syndrome, a prototype of ER disorders. Our results indicate that molecular pathways regulated by MANF are promising therapeutic targets for regenerative therapy of ER stress-related disorders, including diabetes, retinal degeneration, neurodegeneration, and Wolfram syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Mahadevan
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Shuntaro Morikawa
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Takuya Yagi
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Damien Abreu
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Simin Lu
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kohsuke Kanekura
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.410793.80000 0001 0663 3325Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cris M. Brown
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Chen Y, Podojil JR, Kunjamma RB, Jones J, Weiner M, Lin W, Miller SD, Popko B. Sephin1, which prolongs the integrated stress response, is a promising therapeutic for multiple sclerosis. Brain 2019; 142:344-361. [PMID: 30657878 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the CNS. Immune-mediated oligodendrocyte cell loss contributes to multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, such that oligodendrocyte-protective strategies represent a promising therapeutic approach. The integrated stress response, which is an innate cellular protective signalling pathway, reduces the cytotoxic impact of inflammation on oligodendrocytes. This response is initiated by phosphorylation of eIF2α to diminish global protein translation and selectively allow for the synthesis of protective proteins. The integrated stress response is terminated by dephosphorylation of eIF2α. The small molecule Sephin1 inhibits eIF2α dephosphorylation, thereby prolonging the protective response. Herein, we tested the effectiveness of Sephin1 in shielding oligodendrocytes against inflammatory stress. We confirmed that Sephin1 prolonged eIF2α phosphorylation in stressed primary oligodendrocyte cultures. Moreover, by using a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we demonstrated that Sephin1 delayed the onset of clinical symptoms, which correlated with a prolonged integrated stress response, reduced oligodendrocyte and axon loss, as well as diminished T cell presence in the CNS. Sephin1 is reportedly a selective inhibitor of GADD34 (PPP1R15A), which is a stress-induced regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 complex that dephosphorylates eIF2α. Consistent with this possibility, GADD34 mutant mice presented with a similar ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis phenotype as Sephin1-treated mice, and Sephin1 did not provide additional therapeutic benefit to the GADD34 mutant animals. Results presented from the adoptive transfer of encephalitogenic T cells between wild-type and GADD34 mutant mice further indicate that the beneficial effects of Sephin1 are mediated through a direct protective effect on the CNS. Of particular therapeutic relevance, Sephin1 provided additive therapeutic benefit when combined with the first line multiple sclerosis drug, interferon β. Together, our results suggest that a neuroprotective treatment based on the enhancement of the integrated stress response would likely have significant therapeutic value for multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph R Podojil
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rejani B Kunjamma
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua Jones
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Molly Weiner
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, The Institute of Translational Neuroscience, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Doycheva D, Kaur H, Tang J, Zhang JH. The characteristics of the ancient cell death suppressor, TMBIM6, and its related signaling pathways after endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:77-86. [PMID: 31044452 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the unfolded protein response in combination with generation of reactive oxygen species, from cytochrome P450 members and NADPH-P450 reductases, are two major consequences of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress that cause oxidative damage and cell death. Herein, we reviewed the role of Bax Inhibitor-1 (BI-1), an evolutionarily conserved protein encoded by the Transmembrane Bax inhibitor Motif Containing 6 gene, in protection from ER stress. As BI-1 has multimodal properties that can target a wide array of pathophysiological consequences after injury, our main objective was to explore BI-1's protective role in ER stress and its potential signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desislava Doycheva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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38
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Rahman S, Archana A, Jan AT, Dutta D, Shankar A, Kim J, Minakshi R. Molecular Insights Into the Relationship Between Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Breast Cancer: A Critical Perspective on Autoimmunity and ER Stress. Front Immunol 2019; 10:344. [PMID: 30881358 PMCID: PMC6405522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathologies behind autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) unravel misbehavior of immune components leading to the corruption of immune homeostasis where thyroid autoantigens turn foe to the self. In AITDs lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid shows up a deranged immune system charging the follicular cells of the thyroid gland (thyrocytes) leading to the condition of either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. The inflammation in AITDs consistently associate with ER function due to which disturbances in the ER protein homeostasis leads to unfolded protein response (UPR) that promotes pathogenesis of autoimmunity. The roles of ER stress in the instantaneous downregulation of MHC class I molecules on thyrocytes and the relevance of IFN γ in the pathogenesis of AITD has been well-documented. Thyroglobulin being the major target of autoantibodies in most of the AITDs is because of its unusual processing in the ER. Autoimmune disorders display a conglomeration of ER stress-induced UPR activated molecules. Several epidemiological data highlight the preponderance of AITDs in women as well as its concurrence with breast cancer. Both being an active glandular system displaying endocrine activity, thyroid as well as breast tissue show various commonalities in the expression pattern of heterogenous molecules that not only participate in the normal functioning but at the same time share the blame during disease establishment. Studies on the development and progression of breast carcinoma display a deranged and uncontrolled immune response, which is meticulously exploited during tumor metastasis. The molecular crosstalks between AITDs and breast tumor microenvironment rely on active participation of immune cells. The induction of ER stress by Tunicamycin advocates to provide a model for cancer therapy by intervening glycosylation. Therefore, this review attempts to showcase the molecules that are involved in feeding up the relationship between breast carcinoma and AITDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ayyagari Archana
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Durgashree Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, Jan Nayak Chaudhary Devilal Dental College, Sirsa, India
| | - Abhishek Shankar
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Rinki Minakshi
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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39
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Yue Y, Stanojlovic M, Lin Y, Karsenty G, Lin W. Oligodendrocyte-specific ATF4 inactivation does not influence the development of EAE. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:23. [PMID: 30709400 PMCID: PMC6357515 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS. Although recent studies suggest the neuroprotective effects of oligodendrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases, it remains unknown whether oligodendrocyte death induced by inflammatory attacks contributes to neurodegeneration in MS and EAE. Upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activation of pancreatic ER kinase (PERK) promotes cell survival through induction of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) by phosphorylating eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). We have generated a mouse model that allows for temporally controlled activation of PERK specifically in oligodendrocytes. Our previous study has demonstrated that PERK activation specifically in oligodendrocytes attenuates EAE disease severity and ameliorates EAE-induced oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination, and axon degeneration, without altering inflammation. Methods We determined whether oligodendrocyte-specific PERK activation reduced neuron loss in the CNS of EAE mice using the mouse model that allows for temporally controlled activation of PERK specifically in oligodendrocytes. We further generated a mouse model that allows for inactivation of ATF4 specifically in oligodendrocytes, and determined the effects of ATF4 inactivation in oligodendrocytes on mice undergoing EAE. Results We showed that protection of oligodendrocytes resulting from PERK activation led to attenuation of neuron loss in the CNS gray matter of EAE mice. Surprisingly, we found that ATF4 inactivation specifically in oligodendrocytes did not alter EAE disease severity and had no effect on oligodendrocyte loss, demyelination, axon degeneration, neuron loss, and inflammation in EAE mice. Conclusions These findings suggest the neuroprotective effects of PERK activation in oligodendrocytes in EAE, and rule out the involvement of ATF4 in oligodendrocytes in the development of EAE. These results imply that the protective effects of PERK activation in oligodendrocytes in MS and EAE are not mediated by ATF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Milos Stanojlovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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40
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Wheeler MA, Jaronen M, Covacu R, Zandee SEJ, Scalisi G, Rothhammer V, Tjon EC, Chao CC, Kenison JE, Blain M, Rao VTS, Hewson P, Barroso A, Gutiérrez-Vázquez C, Prat A, Antel JP, Hauser R, Quintana FJ. Environmental Control of Astrocyte Pathogenic Activities in CNS Inflammation. Cell 2019; 176:581-596.e18. [PMID: 30661753 PMCID: PMC6440749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide studies have identified genetic variants linked to neurologic diseases. Environmental factors also play important roles, but no methods are available for their comprehensive investigation. We developed an approach that combines genomic data, screens in a novel zebrafish model, computational modeling, perturbation studies, and multiple sclerosis (MS) patient samples to evaluate the effects of environmental exposure on CNS inflammation. We found that the herbicide linuron amplifies astrocyte pro-inflammatory activities by activating signaling via sigma receptor 1, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). Indeed, astrocyte-specific shRNA- and CRISPR/Cas9-driven gene inactivation combined with RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, and study of patient samples suggest that IRE1α-XBP1 signaling promotes CNS inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and, potentially, MS. In summary, these studies define environmental mechanisms that control astrocyte pathogenic activities and establish a multidisciplinary approach for the systematic investigation of the effects of environmental exposure in neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Merja Jaronen
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ruxandra Covacu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie E J Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Research Lab, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giulia Scalisi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily C Tjon
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chun-Cheih Chao
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica E Kenison
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manon Blain
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vijayaraghava T S Rao
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Hewson
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andreia Barroso
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cristina Gutiérrez-Vázquez
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Lab, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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41
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Stone S, Yue Y, Stanojlovic M, Wu S, Karsenty G, Lin W. Neuron-specific PERK inactivation exacerbates neurodegeneration during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124232. [PMID: 30674717 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS. Although neurodegeneration is the major contributor to chronic disability in MS, mechanisms governing the viability of axons and neurons in MS and EAE remain elusive. Data indicate that activation of pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) influences, positively or negatively, neuron and axon viability in various neurodegenerative diseases through induction of ATF4. In this study, we demonstrate that the PERK pathway was activated in neurons during EAE. We found that neuron-specific PERK inactivation impaired EAE resolution and exacerbated EAE-induced axon degeneration, neuron loss, and demyelination. Surprisingly, neuron-specific ATF4 inactivation did not alter EAE disease course or EAE-induced axon degeneration, neuron loss, and demyelination. These results suggest that PERK activation in neurons protects axons and neurons against inflammation in MS and EAE through ATF4-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Milos Stanojlovic
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shuangchan Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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42
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Saito A, Imaizumi K. The broad spectrum of signaling pathways regulated by unfolded protein response in neuronal homeostasis. Neurochem Int 2018; 119:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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43
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Moon SL, Sonenberg N, Parker R. Neuronal Regulation of eIF2α Function in Health and Neurological Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:575-589. [PMID: 29716790 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A key site of translation control is the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), which reduces the rate of GDP to GTP exchange by eIF2B, leading to altered translation. The extent of eIF2α phosphorylation within neurons can alter synaptic plasticity. Phosphorylation of eIF2α is triggered by four stress-responsive kinases, and as such eIF2α is often phosphorylated during neurological perturbations or disease. Moreover, in some cases decreasing eIF2α phosphorylation mitigates neurodegeneration, suggesting that this could be a therapeutic target. Mutations in the γ subunit of eIF2, the guanine exchange factor eIF2B, an eIF2α phosphatase, or in two eIF2α kinases can cause disease in humans, demonstrating the importance of proper regulation of eIF2α phosphorylation for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Roy Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
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44
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Huang W, Feng Y, Liang J, Yu H, Wang C, Wang B, Wang M, Jiang L, Meng W, Cai W, Medvedovic M, Chen J, Paul C, Davidson WS, Sadayappan S, Stambrook PJ, Yu XY, Wang Y. Loss of microRNA-128 promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:700. [PMID: 29453456 PMCID: PMC5816015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of replenishing the cardiomyocyte (CM) population using regenerative therapies following myocardial infarction (MI) is hampered by the limited regeneration capacity of adult CMs, partially due to their withdrawal from the cell cycle. Here, we show that microRNA-128 (miR-128) is upregulated in CMs during the postnatal switch from proliferation to terminal differentiation. In neonatal mice, cardiac-specific overexpression of miR-128 impairs CM proliferation and cardiac function, while miR-128 deletion extends proliferation of postnatal CMs by enhancing expression of the chromatin modifier SUZ12, which suppresses p27 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) expression and activates the positive cell cycle regulators Cyclin E and CDK2. Furthermore, deletion of miR-128 promotes cell cycle re-entry of adult CMs, thereby reducing the levels of fibrosis, and attenuating cardiac dysfunction in response to MI. These results suggest that miR-128 serves as a critical regulator of endogenous CM proliferation, and might be a novel therapeutic target for heart repair. During early postnatal development in mammals, cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle, losing their regenerative capacity. Here the authors show that, following myocardial infarction, loss of microRNA-128 promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration in adult mice partly via enhancing the expression of the chromatin modifier SUZ12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences and Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Boyu Wang
- Samaritan Medical Center, 830 Washington Street, Watertown, NY, 13601, USA
| | - Mingyang Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Wei Meng
- Division of Liver Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jenny Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Peter J Stambrook
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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45
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Stone S, Wu S, Jamison S, Durose W, Pallais JP, Lin W. Activating transcription factor 6α deficiency exacerbates oligodendrocyte death and myelin damage in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases. Glia 2018; 66:1331-1345. [PMID: 29436030 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) play a critical role in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by regulating the viability of oligodendrocytes. Our previous studies show that activation of the PERK branch of the UPR protects myelinating oligodendrocytes against ER stress in young, developing mice that express IFN-γ, a key pro-inflammatory cytokine in MS and EAE, in the CNS. Several studies also demonstrate that PERK activation preserves oligodendrocyte viability and function, protecting mice against EAE. While evidence suggests activation of the ATF6α branch of the UPR in oligodendrocytes under normal and disease conditions, the effects of ATF6α activation on oligodendrocytes in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases remain unknown. Herein, we showed that ATF6α deficiency had no effect on oligodendrocytes under normal conditions. Interestingly, we showed that ATF6α deficiency exacerbated ER stressed-induced myelinating oligodendrocyte death and subsequent myelin loss in the developing CNS of IFN-γ-expressing mice. Moreover, we found that ATF6α deficiency increased EAE severity and aggravated EAE-induced oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination, without affecting inflammation. Thus, these data suggest the protective effects of ATF6α activation on oligodendrocytes in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Shuangchan Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephanie Jamison
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wilaiwan Durose
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jean Pierre Pallais
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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46
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Teske N, Liessem A, Fischbach F, Clarner T, Beyer C, Wruck C, Fragoulis A, Tauber SC, Victor M, Kipp M. Chemical hypoxia-induced integrated stress response activation in oligodendrocytes is mediated by the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). J Neurochem 2018; 144:285-301. [PMID: 29210072 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The extent of remyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions is often incomplete. Injury to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells can be a contributing factor for such incomplete remyelination. The precise mechanisms underlying insufficient repair remain to be defined, but oxidative stress appears to be involved. Here, we used immortalized oligodendrocyte cell lines as model systems to investigate a causal relation of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling cascades. OLN93 and OliNeu cells were subjected to chemical hypoxia by blocking the respiratory chain at various levels. Mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress levels were quantified by flow cytometry. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was monitored by the expression induction of activating transcription factor 3 and 4 (Atf3, Atf4), DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (Ddit3), and glucose-regulated protein 94. Lentiviral silencing of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 or kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 was applied to study the relevance of NRF2 for endoplasmic reticulum stress responses. We demonstrate that inhibition of the respiratory chain induces oxidative stress in cultured oligodendrocytes which is paralleled by the expression induction of distinct mediators of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, namely Atf3, Atf4, and Ddit3. Atf3 and Ddit3 expression induction is potentiated in kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-deficient cells and absent in cells lacking the oxidative stress-related transcription factor NRF2. This study provides strong evidence that oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes activates endoplasmic reticulum stress response in a NRF2-dependent manner and, in consequence, might regulate oligodendrocyte degeneration in multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Teske
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Liessem
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Fischbach
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Clarner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marion Victor
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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47
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Yue Y, Stone S, Lin W. Role of nuclear factor κB in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1507-1515. [PMID: 30127103 PMCID: PMC6126134 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.237109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays major roles in inflammatory diseases through regulation of inflammation and cell viability. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It has been shown that NF-κB is activated in multiple cell types in the CNS of MS patients, including T cells, microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Interestingly, data from animal model studies, particularly studies of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, have suggested that NF-κB activation in these individual cell types has distinct effects on the development of MS. In this review, we will cover the current literature on NF-κB and the evidence for its role in the development of MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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48
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Jadavji NM. The Integrated Stress Response Is Not a Target for Diffuse White Matter Injury in Premature Infants. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11772-11773. [PMID: 29212946 PMCID: PMC6596832 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2763-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa M Jadavji
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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49
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Minchenberg SB, Massa PT. The control of oligodendrocyte bioenergetics by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). J Neuroimmunol 2017; 331:46-57. [PMID: 29113698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration are essential for oligodendrocyte metabolism in both the developing and adult CNS. Based on recent reports on the effects of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ on metabolism and on oligodendrocytes, we addressed whether IFN-γ may affect oligodendrocyte bioenergetics in ways relevant to CNS disease. Oligodendrocytes of mice treated with IFN-γ showed significant reductions in aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. As expected, IFN-γ treatment led to the induction of STAT1 in oligodendrocytes indicating active signaling into these cells. To determine the direct effects of IFN-γ on oligodendrocyte metabolism, cultured oligodendrocytes were treated with IFN-γ in vitro, which resulted in suppression of glycolysis similar to oligodendrocytes of animals treated with IFN-γ in vivo. Mice lacking SHP-1, a key regulator of IFN-γ and STAT1 signaling in CNS glia, had high constitutive levels of STAT1 and decreased aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration rates relative to wild type mouse oligodendrocytes. Together, these data show that IFN-γ and SHP-1 control oligodendrocyte bioenergetics in ways that may relate to the role of this cytokine in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Minchenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Paul T Massa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, United States.
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50
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Murao N, Nishitoh H. Role of the unfolded protein response in the development of central nervous system. J Biochem 2017; 162:155-162. [PMID: 28903548 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an intracellular homeostatic signalling pathway that is induced by accumulated misfolded/unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The UPR is closely associated with the development of disease in several tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS), in response to ER stress. More recently, the unique features and importance of the UPR have been revealed in neural stem cells (NSCs) and differentiated CNS cells [neurons and glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes)]. Although several UPR signalling pathways dynamically change in each CNS cell during brain development, the role of UPR signalling in CNS cells (especially NSCs and glial cells) under pathological or physiological conditions is poorly understood. Here, we discuss and summarize the recent progress in understanding how the UPR regulates the proliferation, differentiation, maturation and viability of CNS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Murao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hideki Nishitoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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