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Yu SP, Jiang MQ, Shim SS, Pourkhodadad S, Wei L. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in acute and chronic excitotoxicity: implications for preventive treatments of ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:43. [PMID: 37400870 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) are risk factors for each other; the comorbidity of these brain disorders in aging individuals represents a significant challenge in basic research and clinical practice. The similarities and differences between stroke and AD in terms of pathogenesis and pathophysiology, however, have rarely been comparably reviewed. Here, we discuss the research background and recent progresses that are important and informative for the comorbidity of stroke and late-onset AD and related dementia (ADRD). Glutamatergic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activity and NMDAR-mediated Ca2+ influx are essential for neuronal function and cell survival. An ischemic insult, however, can cause rapid increases in glutamate concentration and excessive activation of NMDARs, leading to swift Ca2+ overload in neuronal cells and acute excitotoxicity within hours and days. On the other hand, mild upregulation of NMDAR activity, commonly seen in AD animal models and patients, is not immediately cytotoxic. Sustained NMDAR hyperactivity and Ca2+ dysregulation lasting from months to years, nevertheless, can be pathogenic for slowly evolving events, i.e. degenerative excitotoxicity, in the development of AD/ADRD. Specifically, Ca2+ influx mediated by extrasynaptic NMDARs (eNMDARs) and a downstream pathway mediated by transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member (TRPM) are primarily responsible for excitotoxicity. On the other hand, the NMDAR subunit GluN3A plays a "gatekeeper" role in NMDAR activity and a neuroprotective role against both acute and chronic excitotoxicity. Thus, ischemic stroke and AD share an NMDAR- and Ca2+-mediated pathogenic mechanism that provides a common receptor target for preventive and possibly disease-modifying therapies. Memantine (MEM) preferentially blocks eNMDARs and was approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for symptomatic treatment of moderate-to-severe AD with variable efficacy. According to the pathogenic role of eNMDARs, it is conceivable that MEM and other eNMDAR antagonists should be administered much earlier, preferably during the presymptomatic phases of AD/ADRD. This anti-AD treatment could simultaneously serve as a preconditioning strategy against stroke that attacks ≥ 50% of AD patients. Future research on the regulation of NMDARs, enduring control of eNMDARs, Ca2+ homeostasis, and downstream events will provide a promising opportunity to understand and treat the comorbidity of AD/ADRD and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan P Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
| | - Michael Q Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Seong S Shim
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Soheila Pourkhodadad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Chen S, Xu D, Fan L, Fang Z, Wang X, Li M. Roles of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDARs) in Epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:797253. [PMID: 35069111 PMCID: PMC8780133 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.797253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures. The mechanism of epilepsy remains unclear and previous studies suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in abnormal discharges, nerve conduction, neuron injury and inflammation, thereby they may participate in epileptogenesis. NMDARs belong to a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors that play essential roles in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the mammalian CNS. Despite numerous studies focusing on the role of NMDAR in epilepsy, the relationship appeared to be elusive. In this article, we reviewed the regulation of NMDAR and possible mechanisms of NMDAR in epilepsy and in respect of onset, development, and treatment, trying to provide more evidence for future studies.
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Lukacova N, Kisucka A, Kiss Bimbova K, Bacova M, Ileninova M, Kuruc T, Galik J. Glial-Neuronal Interactions in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13577. [PMID: 34948371 PMCID: PMC8708227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits an acute inflammatory response which comprises numerous cell populations. It is driven by the immediate response of macrophages and microglia, which triggers activation of genes responsible for the dysregulated microenvironment within the lesion site and in the spinal cord parenchyma immediately adjacent to the lesion. Recently published data indicate that microglia induces astrocyte activation and determines the fate of astrocytes. Conversely, astrocytes have the potency to trigger microglial activation and control their cellular functions. Here we review current information about the release of diverse signaling molecules (pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory) in individual cell phenotypes (microglia, astrocytes, blood inflammatory cells) in acute and subacute SCI stages, and how they contribute to delayed neuronal death in the surrounding spinal cord tissue which is spared and functional but reactive. In addition, temporal correlation in progressive degeneration of neurons and astrocytes and their functional interactions after SCI are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the time-dependent transformation of reactive microglia and astrocytes into their neuroprotective phenotypes (M2a, M2c and A2) which are crucial for spontaneous post-SCI locomotor recovery. We also provide suggestions on how to modulate the inflammation and discuss key therapeutic approaches leading to better functional outcome after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Lukacova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4–6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (A.K.); (K.K.B.); (M.B.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (J.G.)
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Developmental Attenuation of Neuronal Apoptosis by Neural-Specific Splicing of Bak1 Microexon. Neuron 2020; 107:1180-1196.e8. [PMID: 32710818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Continuous neuronal survival is vital for mammals because mammalian brains have limited regeneration capability. After neurogenesis, suppression of apoptosis is needed to ensure a neuron's long-term survival. Here we describe a robust genetic program that intrinsically attenuates apoptosis competence in neurons. Developmental downregulation of the splicing regulator PTBP1 in immature neurons allows neural-specific splicing of the evolutionarily conserved Bak1 microexon 5. Exon 5 inclusion triggers nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and unproductive translation of Bak1 transcripts (N-Bak mRNA), leading to suppression of pro-apoptotic BAK1 proteins and allowing neurons to reduce apoptosis. Germline heterozygous ablation of exon 5 increases BAK1 proteins exclusively in the brain, inflates neuronal apoptosis, and leads to early postnatal mortality. Therefore, neural-specific exon 5 splicing and depletion of BAK1 proteins uniquely repress neuronal apoptosis. Although apoptosis is important for development, attenuation of apoptosis competence through neural-specific splicing of the Bak1 microexon is essential for neuronal and animal survival.
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Building a Bridge Between NMDAR-Mediated Excitotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic and Acute Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1413-1430. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gray SC, Kinghorn KJ, Woodling NS. Shifting equilibriums in Alzheimer's disease: the complex roles of microglia in neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and neurogenesis. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1208-1219. [PMID: 31960800 PMCID: PMC7047786 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.272571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia. Its increased prevalence in developed countries, due to the sharp rise in ageing populations, presents one of the costliest challenges to modern medicine. In order to find disease-modifying therapies to confront this challenge, a more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is necessary. Recent studies have revealed increasing evidence for the roles played by microglia, the resident innate immune system cells of the brain. Reflecting the well-established roles of microglia in reacting to pathogens and inflammatory stimuli, there is now a growing literature describing both protective and detrimental effects for individual cytokines and chemokines produced by microglia in Alzheimer's disease. A smaller but increasing number of studies have also addressed the divergent roles played by microglial neurotrophic and neurogenic factors, and how their perturbation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Here we review recent findings on the roles played by microglia in neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. In each case, landmark studies have provided evidence for the divergent ways in which microglia can either promote neuronal function and survival, or perturb neuronal function, leading to cell death. In many cases, the secreted molecules of microglia can lead to divergent effects depending on the magnitude and context of microglial activation. This suggests that microglial functions must be maintained in a fine equilibrium, in order to support healthy neuronal function, and that the cellular microenvironment in the Alzheimer's disease brain disrupts this fine balance, leading to neurodegeneration. Thus, an understanding of microglial homeostasis, both in health and across the trajectory of the disease state, will improve our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease, and will hopefully lead to the development of microglial-based therapeutic strategies to restore equilibrium in the Alzheimer's disease brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C. Gray
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kerri J. Kinghorn
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathaniel S. Woodling
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
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García F, Lobos P, Ponce A, Cataldo K, Meza D, Farías P, Estay C, Oyarzun-Ampuero F, Herrera-Molina R, Paula-Lima A, Ardiles ÁO, Hidalgo C, Adasme T, Muñoz P. Astaxanthin Counteracts Excitotoxicity and Reduces the Ensuing Increases in Calcium Levels and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060335. [PMID: 32604880 PMCID: PMC7345213 DOI: 10.3390/md18060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant properties. We have reported previously that ASX protects neurons from the noxious effects of amyloid-β peptide oligomers, which promote excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production and induce a sustained increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. These properties make ASX a promising therapeutic agent against pathological conditions that entail oxidative and Ca2+ dysregulation. Here, we studied whether ASX protects neurons from N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity, a noxious process which decreases cellular viability, alters gene expression and promotes excessive mROS production. Incubation of the neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y with NMDA decreased cellular viability and increased mitochondrial superoxide production; pre-incubation with ASX prevented these effects. Additionally, incubation of SH-SY5Y cells with ASX effectively reduced the basal mROS production and prevented hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. In primary hippocampal neurons, transfected with a genetically encoded cytoplasmic Ca2+ sensor, ASX also prevented the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration induced by NMDA. We suggest that, by preventing the noxious mROS and Ca2+ increases that occur under excitotoxic conditions, ASX could be useful as a therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative pathologies that involve alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca García
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Pedro Lobos
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (P.L.); (A.P.-L.); (C.H.)
| | - Alejandra Ponce
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Karla Cataldo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Daniela Meza
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Patricio Farías
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Carolina Estay
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Felipe Oyarzun-Ampuero
- Department of Technology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Herrera-Molina
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Andrea Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (P.L.); (A.P.-L.); (C.H.)
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Álvaro O. Ardiles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience of Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2381850, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Studies, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (P.L.); (A.P.-L.); (C.H.)
- Department of Neurosciences and Program of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Tatiana Adasme
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (P.M.); Tel.: +56-29-786-496 (T.A.); +56-32-250-7368 (P.M.)
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (P.M.); Tel.: +56-29-786-496 (T.A.); +56-32-250-7368 (P.M.)
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NMDARs in Cell Survival and Death: Implications in Stroke Pathogenesis and Treatment. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:533-551. [PMID: 32470382 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) have important roles in stroke pathology and recovery. Depending on their subtypes and locations, these NMDARs may promote either neuronal survival or death. Recently, the functions of previously overlooked NMDAR subtypes during stroke were characterized, and NMDARs expressed at different subcellular locations were found to have synergistic rather than opposing functions. Moreover, the complexity of the neuronal survival and death signaling pathways following NMDAR activation was further elucidated. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in these areas and discuss how delineating the dual roles of NMDARs in stroke has directed the development of novel neuroprotective therapeutics for stroke.
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Del Arroyo AG, Hadjihambi A, Sanchez J, Turovsky E, Kasymov V, Cain D, Nightingale TD, Lambden S, Grant SGN, Gourine AV, Ackland GL. NMDA receptor modulation of glutamate release in activated neutrophils. EBioMedicine 2019; 47:457-469. [PMID: 31401196 PMCID: PMC6796524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil depletion improves neurologic outcomes in experimental sepsis/brain injury. We hypothesized that neutrophils may exacerbate neuronal injury through the release of neurotoxic quantities of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Methods Real-time glutamate release by primary human neutrophils was determined using enzymatic biosensors. Bacterial and direct protein-kinase C (Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; PMA) activation of neutrophils in human whole blood, isolated neutrophils or human cell lines were compared in the presence/absence of N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) antagonists. Bacterial and direct activation of neutrophils from wild-type and transgenic murine neutrophils deficient in NMDAR-scaffolding proteins were compared using flow cytometry (phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation) and real-time respirometry (oxygen consumption). Findings Both glutamate and the NMDAR co-agonist d-serine are rapidly released by neutrophils in response to bacterial and PMA-induced activation. Pharmacological NMDAR blockade reduced both the autocrine release of glutamate, d-serine and the respiratory burst by activated primary human neutrophils. A highly specific small-molecule inhibitor ZL006 that limits NMDAR-mediated neuronal injury also reduced ROS by activated neutrophils in a murine model of peritonitis, via uncoupling of the NMDAR GluN2B subunit from its' scaffolding protein, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95). Genetic ablation of PSD-95 reduced ROS production by activated murine neutrophils. Pharmacological blockade of the NMDAR GluN2B subunit reduced primary human neutrophil activation induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, a glutamate-secreting Gram-negative bacillus closely related to pathogens that cause hospital-acquired infections. Interpretation These data suggest that release of glutamate by activated neutrophils augments ROS production in an autocrine manner via actions on NMDAR expressed by these cells. Fund GLA: Academy Medical Sciences/Health Foundation Clinician Scientist. AVG is a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow. Neutrophil depletion improves neurologic outcome after injury and infection. Pharmacologic NMDAR blockade reduces rapid autocrine release of glutamate/d-serine from activated neutrophils. Genetic ablation/small-molecule inhibition of PSD-95 reduces neutrophil ROS. NMDAR blockade reduces human neutrophil activated by glutamate-secreting bacteria. Activated neutrophils may exacerbate neuronal injury in various forms of critical illness through the release of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gutierrez Del Arroyo
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Hadjihambi
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jenifer Sanchez
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Egor Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Vitaly Kasymov
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David Cain
- Clinical Physiology, Department of Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom D Nightingale
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lambden
- Clinical Physiology, Department of Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander V Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth L Ackland
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom; Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Zhang M, Ergin V, Lin L, Stork C, Chen L, Zheng S. Axonogenesis Is Coordinated by Neuron-Specific Alternative Splicing Programming and Splicing Regulator PTBP2. Neuron 2019; 101:690-706.e10. [PMID: 30733148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
How a neuron acquires an axon is a fundamental question. Piecemeal identification of many axonogenesis-related genes has been done, but coordinated regulation is unknown. Through unbiased transcriptome profiling of immature primary cortical neurons during early axon formation, we discovered an association between axonogenesis and neuron-specific alternative splicing. Known axonogenesis genes exhibit little expression alternation but widespread splicing changes. Axonogenesis-associated splicing is governed by RNA binding protein PTBP2, which is enriched in neurons and peaks around axonogenesis in the brain. Cortical depletion of PTBP2 prematurely induces axonogenesis-associated splicing, causes imbalanced expression of axonogenesis-associated isoforms, and specifically affects axon formation in vitro and in vivo. PTBP2-controlled axonogenesis-associated Shtn1 splicing determines SHTN1's capacity to regulate actin interaction, polymerization, and axon growth. Precocious Shtn1 isoform switch contributes to disorganized axon formation of Ptbp2-/- neurons. We conclude that PTBP2-orchestrated alternative splicing programming is required for robust generation of a single axon in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Volkan Ergin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Cheryl Stork
- Graduate Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Sika Zheng
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Graduate Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Couture C, Desjardins P, Zaniolo K, Germain L, Guérin SL. Enhanced wound healing of tissue-engineered human corneas through altered phosphorylation of the CREB and AKT signal transduction pathways. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:312-325. [PMID: 29656072 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is a transparent organ, highly specialized and unique that is continually subjected to abrasive forces and occasional mechanical or chemical trauma because of its anatomical localization. Upon injury, the extracellular matrix (ECM) rapidly changes to promote wound healing through integrin-dependent activation of specific signal transduction mediators whose contribution is to favor faster closure of the wound by altering the adhesive and migratory properties of the cells surrounding the damaged area. In this study, we exploited the human tissue-engineered cornea (hTECs) as a model to study the signal transduction pathways that participate to corneal wound healing. By exploiting both gene profiling and activated kinases arrays, we could demonstrate the occurrence of important alterations in the level of expression and activation of a few mediators from the PI3K/Akt and CREB pathways in response to the ECM remodeling taking place during wound healing of damaged hTECs. Pharmacological inhibition of CREB with C646 considerably accelerated wound closure compared to controls. This process was considerably accelerated further when both C646 and SC79, an Akt agonist, were added together to wounded hTECs. Therefore, our study demonstrate that proper corneal wound healing requires the activation of Akt together with the inhibition of CREB and that wound healing in vitro can be altered by the use of pharmacological inhibitors (such as C646) or agonists (such as SC79) of these mediators. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Corneal wounds account for a large proportion of all visual disabilities in North America. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a tissue-engineered human cornea (hTEC) entirely produced using normal untransformed human cells is used as a biomaterial to study the signal transduction pathways that are critical to corneal wound healing. Through the use of this biomaterial, we demonstrated that human corneal epithelial cells engaged in wound healing reduce phosphorylation of the signal transduction mediator CREB while, in the mean time, they increase that of AKT. By increasing the activation of AKT together with a decrease in CREB activation, we could considerably reduce wound closure time in our punch-damaged hTECs. Considering the increasing interest given to the reconstruction of different types of tissues, we believe these results will have a strong impact on the field of tissue-engineering and biomaterials. Altering the activation status of the Akt and CREB proteins might prove to be a therapeutically interesting avenue and may also find applications in wound healing of other tissues beside the cornea, such as the skin.
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12
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All naturally occurring autoantibodies against the NMDA receptor subunit NR1 have pathogenic potential irrespective of epitope and immunoglobulin class. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1776-1784. [PMID: 27502473 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies of the IgG class against N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor subunit NR1 (NMDAR1) were first described in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and seen as disease indicators. Recent work on together over 5000 individuals challenged this exclusive view by showing age-dependently up to >20% NMDAR1-autoantibody seroprevalence with comparable immunoglobulin class and titer distribution across health and disease. The key question therefore is to understand the properties of these autoantibodies, also in healthy carriers, in order to assess secondary complications and possible contributions to neuropsychiatric disease. Here, we believe we provide for human NMDAR1-autoantibodies the first comprehensive analysis of their target epitopes and functionality. We selected sera of representative carriers, healthy or diagnosed with very diverse conditions, that is, schizophrenia, age-related disorders like hypertension and diabetes, or anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We show that all positive sera investigated, regardless of source (ill or healthy donor) and immunoglobulin class, provoked NMDAR1 internalization in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and reduction of glutamate-evoked currents in NR1-1b/NR2A-expressing Xenopus oocytes. They displayed frequently polyclonal/polyspecific epitope recognition in the extracellular or intracellular NMDAR1 domains and some additionally in NR2A. We conclude that all circulating NMDAR1-autoantibodies have pathogenic potential regarding the whole spectrum of neuronal NMDAR-mediated effects upon access to the brain in situations of increased blood-brain-barrier permeability.
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13
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Vuong JK, Lin CH, Zhang M, Chen L, Black DL, Zheng S. PTBP1 and PTBP2 Serve Both Specific and Redundant Functions in Neuronal Pre-mRNA Splicing. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2766-2775. [PMID: 27926877 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Families of alternative splicing regulators often contain multiple paralogs presumed to fulfill different functions. Polypyrimidine tract binding proteins PTBP1 and PTBP2 reprogram developmental pre-mRNA splicing in neurons, but how their regulatory networks differ is not understood. To compare their targeting, we generated a knockin allele that conditionally expresses PTBP1. Bred to a Ptbp2 knockout, the transgene allowed us to compare the developmental and molecular phenotypes of mice expressing only PTBP1, only PTBP2, or neither protein in the brain. This knockin Ptbp1 rescued a forebrain-specific, but not a pan-neuronal, Ptbp2 knockout, demonstrating both redundant and distinct roles for the proteins. Many developmentally regulated exons exhibited different sensitivities to PTBP1 and PTBP2. Nevertheless, the two paralogs displayed similar RNA binding across the transcriptome, indicating that their differential targeting does not derive from their RNA interactions, but from possible different cofactor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Vuong
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Chia-Ho Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Douglas L Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Sika Zheng
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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14
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Chen KS, Harris L, Lim JWC, Harvey TJ, Piper M, Gronostajski RM, Richards LJ, Bunt J. Differential neuronal and glial expression of nuclear factor I proteins in the cerebral cortex of adult mice. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2465-2483. [PMID: 28295292 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor I (NFI) family of transcription factors plays an important role in the development of the cerebral cortex in humans and mice. Disruption of nuclear factor IA (NFIA), nuclear factor IB (NFIB), or nuclear factor IX (NFIX) results in abnormal development of the corpus callosum, lateral ventricles, and hippocampus. However, the expression or function of these genes has not been examined in detail in the adult brain, and the cell type-specific expression of NFIA, NFIB, and NFIX is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of each NFI protein shows a distinct laminar pattern in the adult mouse neocortex and that their cell type-specific expression differs depending on the family member. NFIA expression was more frequently observed in astrocytes and oligodendroglia, whereas NFIB expression was predominantly localized to astrocytes and neurons. NFIX expression was most commonly observed in neurons. The NFI proteins were equally distributed within microglia, and the ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the brain expressed all three proteins. In the hippocampus, the NFI proteins were expressed during all stages of neural stem cell differentiation in the dentate gyrus, with higher expression intensity in neuroblast cells as compared to quiescent stem cells and mature granule neurons. These findings suggest that the NFI proteins may play distinct roles in cell lineage specification or maintenance, and establish the basis for further investigation of their function in the adult brain and their emerging role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Siong Chen
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lachlan Harris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan W C Lim
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tracey J Harvey
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Linda J Richards
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jens Bunt
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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15
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O-GlcNAc Glycosylation of nNOS Promotes Neuronal Apoptosis Following Glutamate Excitotoxicity. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 37:1465-1475. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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Hollenbeck D, Williams CL, Drazba K, Descartes M, Korf BR, Rutledge SL, Lose EJ, Robin NH, Carroll AJ, Mikhail FM. Clinical relevance of small copy-number variants in chromosomal microarray clinical testing. Genet Med 2016; 19:377-385. [PMID: 27632688 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2016.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The 2010 consensus statement on diagnostic chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing recommended an array resolution ≥400 kb throughout the genome as a balance of analytical and clinical sensitivity. In spite of the clear evidence for pathogenicity of large copy-number variants (CNVs) in neurodevelopmental disorders and/or congenital anomalies, the significance of small, nonrecurrent CNVs (<500 kb) has not been well established in a clinical setting. METHODS We investigated the clinical significance of all nonpolymorphic small, nonrecurrent CNVs (<500 kb) in patients referred for CMA clinical testing over a period of 6 years, from 2009 to 2014 (a total of 4,417 patients). We excluded from our study patients with benign or likely benign CNVs and patients with only recurrent microdeletions/microduplications <500 kb. RESULTS In total, 383 patients (8.67%) were found to carry at least one small, nonrecurrent CNV, of whom 176 patients (3.98%) had one small CNV classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS), 45 (1.02%) had two or more small VUS CNVs, 20 (0.45%) had one small VUS CNV and a recurrent CNV, 113 (2.56%) had one small pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNV, 17 (0.38%) had two or more small pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNVs, and 12 (0.27%) had one small pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNV and a recurrent CNV. Within the pathogenic group, 80 of 142 patients (56% of all small pathogenic CNV cases) were found to have a single whole-gene or exonic deletion. The themes that emerged from our study are presented in the Discussion section. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the diagnostic clinical relevance of small, nonrecurrent CNVs <500 kb during CMA clinical testing and underscores the need for careful clinical interpretation of these CNVs.Genet Med 19 4, 377-385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hollenbeck
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Crescenda L Williams
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Current address: Children's Health Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn Drazba
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Maria Descartes
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bruce R Korf
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - S Lane Rutledge
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Edward J Lose
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Robin
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Andrew J Carroll
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Fady M Mikhail
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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17
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Zhao JJ, Hu YW, Huang C, Ma X, Kang CM, Zhang Y, Guo FX, Lu JB, Xiu JC, Qiu YR, Sha YH, Gao JJ, Wang YC, Li P, Xu BM, Zheng L, Wang Q. Dihydrocapsaicin suppresses proinflammatory cytokines expression by enhancing nuclear factor IA in a NF-κB-dependent manner. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 604:27-35. [PMID: 27267730 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Accumulating evidences have showed that Dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) has been found to exert multiple pharmacological and physiological effects. Nevertheless, the effects and possible mechanism of DHC on proinflammatory response remain largely unexplained. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that DHC markedly upregulated NFIA and suppressed NF-κB expression in THP-1 macrophages. Up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were markedly suppressed by DHC treatment. We also observed that protein level of NFIA was significantly increased while NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines were decreased by DHC treatment in apoE(-/-) mice. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of NFIA suppressed NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines expression both in THP-1 macrophages and plaque tissues of apoE-/- mice. Moreover, treatment with lentivirus-mediated overexpression of NFIA made the down-regulation of DHC on NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines expression notably accentuated in THP-1 macrophages and apoE(-/-) mice. In addition, treatment with siRNA targeting NF-κB accentuated the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines by lentivirus-mediated overexpression of NFIA. CONCLUSION These observations demonstrated that DHC can significantly decrease proinflammatory cytokines through enhancing NFIA and inhibiting NF-κB expression and thus DHC may be a promising candidate as an anti-inflammatory drug for atherosclerosis as well as other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chun-Min Kang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Feng-Xia Guo
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jing-Bo Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jian-Cheng Xiu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Rong Qiu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yan-Hua Sha
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ji-Juan Gao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yan-Chao Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Pan Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bang-Ming Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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18
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Augmentation of Autoantibodies by Helicobacter pylori in Parkinson's Disease Patients May Be Linked to Greater Severity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153725. [PMID: 27100827 PMCID: PMC4839651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Its etiology remains elusive and at present only symptomatic treatments exists. Helicobacter pylori chronically colonizes the gastric mucosa of more than half of the global human population. Interestingly, H. pylori positivity has been found to be associated with greater of PD motor severity. In order to investigate the underlying cause of this association, the Sengenics Immunome protein array, which enables simultaneous screening for autoantibodies against 1636 human proteins, was used to screen the serum of 30 H. pylori-seropositive PD patients (case) and 30 age- and gender-matched H. pylori-seronegative PD patients (control) in this study. In total, 13 significant autoantibodies were identified and ranked, with 8 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated in the case group. Among autoantibodies found to be elevated in H. pylori-seropositive PD were included antibodies that recognize Nuclear factor I subtype A (NFIA), Platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (eIFA3). The presence of elevated autoantibodies against proteins essential for normal neurological functions suggest that immunomodulatory properties of H. pylori may explain the association between H. pylori positivity and greater PD motor severity.
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19
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Rueda CB, Llorente-Folch I, Traba J, Amigo I, Gonzalez-Sanchez P, Contreras L, Juaristi I, Martinez-Valero P, Pardo B, Del Arco A, Satrustegui J. Glutamate excitotoxicity and Ca2+-regulation of respiration: Role of the Ca2+ activated mitochondrial transporters (CaMCs). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1158-1166. [PMID: 27060251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate elicits Ca(2+) signals and workloads that regulate neuronal fate both in physiological and pathological circumstances. Oxidative phosphorylation is required in order to respond to the metabolic challenge caused by glutamate. In response to physiological glutamate signals, cytosolic Ca(2+) activates respiration by stimulation of the NADH malate-aspartate shuttle through Ca(2+)-binding to the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (Aralar/AGC1/Slc25a12), and by stimulation of adenine nucleotide uptake through Ca(2+) binding to the mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi carrier (SCaMC-3/Slc25a23). In addition, after Ca(2+) entry into the matrix through the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU), it activates mitochondrial dehydrogenases. In response to pathological glutamate stimulation during excitotoxicity, Ca(2+) overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction and delayed Ca(2+) deregulation (DCD) lead to neuronal death. Glutamate-induced respiratory stimulation is rapidly inactivated through a mechanism involving Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation, consumption of cytosolic NAD(+), a decrease in matrix ATP and restricted substrate supply. Glutamate-induced Ca(2+)-activation of SCaMC-3 imports adenine nucleotides into mitochondria, counteracting the depletion of matrix ATP and the impaired respiration, while Aralar-dependent lactate metabolism prevents substrate exhaustion. A second mechanism induced by excitotoxic glutamate is permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, which critically depends on ROS production and matrix Ca(2+) entry through the MCU. By increasing matrix content of adenine nucleotides, SCaMC-3 activity protects against glutamate-induced PTP opening and lowers matrix free Ca(2+), resulting in protracted appearance of DCD and protection against excitotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, while the lack of lactate protection during in vivo excitotoxicity explains increased vulnerability to kainite-induced toxicity in Aralar +/- mice. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos B Rueda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Irene Llorente-Folch
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Javier Traba
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, 20892 Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ignacio Amigo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paloma Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Laura Contreras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Inés Juaristi
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Paula Martinez-Valero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Beatriz Pardo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Araceli Del Arco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Jorgina Satrustegui
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
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20
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Thakurela S, Sahu SK, Garding A, Tiwari VK. Dynamics and function of distal regulatory elements during neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Genome Res 2015; 25:1309-24. [PMID: 26170447 PMCID: PMC4561490 DOI: 10.1101/gr.190926.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene regulation in mammals involves a complex interplay between promoters and distal regulatory elements that function in concert to drive precise spatiotemporal gene expression programs. However, the dynamics of the distal gene regulatory landscape and its function in the transcriptional reprogramming that underlies neurogenesis and neuronal activity remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a combinatorial analysis of genome-wide data sets for chromatin accessibility (FAIRE-seq) and the enhancer mark H3K27ac, revealing the highly dynamic nature of distal gene regulation during neurogenesis, which gets progressively restricted to distinct genomic regions as neurons acquire a post-mitotic, terminally differentiated state. We further find that the distal accessible and active regions serve as target sites for distinct transcription factors that function in a stage-specific manner to contribute to the transcriptional program underlying neuronal commitment and maturation. Mature neurons respond to a sustained activity of NMDA receptors by epigenetic reprogramming at a large number of distal regulatory regions as well as dramatic reorganization of super-enhancers. Such massive remodeling of the distal regulatory landscape in turn results in a transcriptome that confers a transient loss of neuronal identity and gain of cellular plasticity. Furthermore, NMDA receptor activity also induces many novel prosurvival genes that function in neuroprotective pathways. Taken together, these findings reveal the dynamics of the distal regulatory landscape during neurogenesis and uncover novel regulatory elements that function in concert with epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factors to generate the transcriptome underlying neuronal development and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela Garding
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
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21
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Mandal C, Park JH, Lee HT, Seo H, Chung IY, Choi IG, Jung KH, Chai YG. Reduction of Nfia gene expression and subsequent target genes by binge alcohol in the fetal brain. Neurosci Lett 2015; 598:73-8. [PMID: 25982323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the changes in gene expression in the fetal brain (forebrain and hippocampus) caused by maternal binge alcohol consumption. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were treated intragastrically with distilled phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or ethanol (2.9 g/kg) from embryonic day (ED) 8-12. Microarray analysis revealed that a significant number of genes were altered at ED 18 in the developing brain. Specifically, in hippocampus, nuclear factor one alpha (Nfia) and three N-methyl-D-aspartate (Nmda) receptors (Nmdar1, Nmdar2b, and Nmdar2d) were down-regulated. The transcription factor Nfia controls gliogenesis, cell proliferation and Nmda-induced neuronal survival by regulating the expression of target genes. Some of the Nfia-target gene (Aldh1a, Folh1, Gjb6, Fgf1, Neurod1, Sept4, and Ntsr2) expressions were also altered as expected. These results suggest that the altered expression of Nfia and Nmda receptors may be associated with the etiology of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). The data presented in this report will contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the effects of alcohol in FASD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Mandal
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Tae Lee
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemyung Seo
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yup Chung
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn Geun Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea; Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Z, Trapp BD. Microglia and neuroprotection. J Neurochem 2015; 136 Suppl 1:10-7. [PMID: 25693054 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microglia were first identified over a century ago, but our knowledge about their ontogeny and functions has significantly expanded only recently. Microglia colonize the central nervous system (CNS) in utero and play essential roles in brain development. Once neural development is completed, microglia function as the resident innate immune cells of the CNS by surveying their microenvironment and becoming activated when the CNS is challenged by infection, injury, or disease. Despite the traditional view of microglia as being destructive in neurological diseases, recent studies have shown that microglia maintain CNS homeostasis and protect the CNS under various pathological conditions. Microglia can be prophylactically activated by modeling infection with systemic lipopolysaccharide injections and these activated microglia can protect the brain from traumatic injury through modulation of neuronal synapses. Microglia can also protect the CNS by promoting neurogenesis, clearing debris, and suppressing inflammation in diseases such as stroke, autism, and Alzheimer's. Microglia are the resident innate immune cells of the CNS. Despite the traditional view of microglia as being destructive in neurological diseases, recent studies have shown that they maintain tissue homeostasis and protect the CNS under various pathological conditions. They achieve so by clearing debris, promoting neurogenesis, suppressing inflammation and stripping inhibitory synapses. This review summarizes recent advances of our understanding on the multi-dimensional neuroprotective roles of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ittner AA, Gladbach A, Bertz J, Suh LS, Ittner LM. p38 MAP kinase-mediated NMDA receptor-dependent suppression of hippocampal hypersynchronicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:149. [PMID: 25331068 PMCID: PMC4212118 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersynchronicity of neuronal brain circuits is a feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mouse models of AD expressing mutated forms of the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), a central protein involved in AD pathology, show cortical hypersynchronicity. We studied hippocampal circuitry in APP23 transgenic mice using telemetric electroencephalography (EEG), at the age of onset of memory deficits. APP23 mice display spontaneous hypersynchronicity in the hippocampus including epileptiform spike trains. Furthermore, spectral contributions of hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations are compromised in APP23 mice, compared to non-transgenic controls. Using cross-frequency coupling analysis, we show that hippocampal gamma amplitude modulation by theta phase is markedly impaired in APP23 mice. Hippocampal hypersynchronicity and waveforms are differentially modulated by injection of riluzole and the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor MK801, suggesting specific involvement of voltage-gated sodium channels and NMDA receptors in hypersynchronicity thresholds in APP23 mice. Furthermore, APP23 mice show marked activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in hippocampus, and injection of MK801 but not riluzole reduces activation of p38 in the hippocampus. A p38 inhibitor induces hypersynchronicity in APP23 mice to a similar extent as MK801, thus supporting suppression of hypersynchronicity involves NMDA receptors-mediated p38 activity. In summary, we characterize components of hippocampal hypersynchronicity, waveform patterns and cross-frequency coupling in the APP23 mouse model by pharmacological modulation, furthering the understanding of epileptiform brain activity in AD.
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Hammer C, Stepniak B, Schneider A, Papiol S, Tantra M, Begemann M, Sirén AL, Pardo LA, Sperling S, Mohd Jofrry S, Gurvich A, Jensen N, Ostmeier K, Lühder F, Probst C, Martens H, Gillis M, Saher G, Assogna F, Spalletta G, Stöcker W, Schulz TF, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Neuropsychiatric disease relevance of circulating anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies depends on blood-brain barrier integrity. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1143-9. [PMID: 23999527 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, a multifaceted syndrome, associated with anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies (NMDAR-AB) of immunoglobulin-G isotype, has been described, which variably consists of psychosis, epilepsy, cognitive decline and extrapyramidal symptoms. Prevalence and significance of NMDAR-AB in complex neuropsychiatric disease versus health, however, have remained unclear. We tested sera of 2817 subjects (1325 healthy, 1081 schizophrenic, 263 Parkinson and 148 affective-disorder subjects) for presence of NMDAR-AB, conducted a genome-wide genetic association study, comparing AB carriers versus non-carriers, and assessed their influenza AB status. For mechanistic insight and documentation of AB functionality, in vivo experiments involving mice with deficient blood-brain barrier (ApoE(-/-)) and in vitro endocytosis assays in primary cortical neurons were performed. In 10.5% of subjects, NMDAR-AB (NR1 subunit) of any immunoglobulin isotype were detected, with no difference in seroprevalence, titer or in vitro functionality between patients and healthy controls. Administration of extracted human serum to mice influenced basal and MK-801-induced activity in the open field only in ApoE(-/-) mice injected with NMDAR-AB-positive serum but not in respective controls. Seropositive schizophrenic patients with a history of neurotrauma or birth complications, indicating an at least temporarily compromised blood-brain barrier, had more neurological abnormalities than seronegative patients with comparable history. A common genetic variant (rs524991, P=6.15E-08) as well as past influenza A (P=0.024) or B (P=0.006) infection were identified as predisposing factors for NMDAR-AB seropositivity. The >10% overall seroprevalence of NMDAR-AB of both healthy individuals and patients is unexpectedly high. Clinical significance, however, apparently depends on association with past or present perturbations of blood-brain barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hammer
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Stepniak
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Schneider
- 1] Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany [3] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Papiol
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Tantra
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A-L Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - L A Pardo
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Sperling
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Mohd Jofrry
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Gurvich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - N Jensen
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K Ostmeier
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Lühder
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Hertie Foundation, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Probst
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany
| | - H Martens
- Synaptic Systems GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Gillis
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Assogna
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - G Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - W Stöcker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany
| | - T F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - K-A Nave
- 1] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany [2] Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Ehrenreich
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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Meta-analysis of the association between N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibodies and schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Schizophr Res 2014; 157:249-58. [PMID: 24882425 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies have been documented in the serum of individuals with primary psychiatric disorders from several independent cohorts, but these findings have not been systematically assessed in aggregate or in relation to methodological covariates. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for studies in any language that provided data on NMDAR antibody seropositivity or absolute serum titers in schizophrenia or schizoaffective, bipolar, or major depressive disorders. We used a random effects model to pool estimates across studies. RESULTS Nine studies met the eligibility criteria. Five studies (3387 participants) provided data on NMDAR antibody seropositivity in psychiatric versus control groups based on high-specificity seropositivity thresholds (cell-based assays [CBAs]: 1:320 dilution, 1:200 dilution, visual score>1; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]: 90(th) percentile of control titers). Meta-analysis showed significantly higher odds of NMDAR antibody seropositivity among those with schizophrenia or schizoaffective, bipolar, or major depressive disorders compared with healthy controls (odds ratio [OR], 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-9.27; P=.043; I(2)=68%). Four studies (3194 participants) provided outcome data for these groups based on low-specificity seropositivity thresholds (CBAs 1:10 dilution; ELISA: 75(th) percentile of control titers). Meta-analysis showed greater heterogeneity and no significant between-group difference (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 0.55-9.73; P=.25; I(2)=90%). Seropositive participants in psychiatric groups had various combinations of IgG, IgM, and IgA class antibodies against NR1, NR1/NR2B, and NR2A/NR2B subunits. Subgroup analysis revealed significantly higher odds of seropositivity among all participants based on 1:10 versus 1:320 dilution seropositivity thresholds (OR, 4.56; 95% CI, 2.41-8.62; P<.001; I(2)=0%; studies=2, n=2920), but no apparent difference between first-episode and chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.19-7.24; P=.88, I(2)=43%, studies=2, n=1108). Average NR2A/NR2B antibody titers determined by ELISA were significantly higher among participants with first-episode schizophrenia (P<.0001) and acute mania (P<.01) compared with healthy controls. Levels decreased by 58% at 8weeks in first-episode schizophrenia, and by about 13% at 4days in acute mania. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective, bipolar, or major depressive disorders are collectively about three times more likely to have elevated NMDAR antibody titers compared with healthy controls based on high-specificity, but not low-specificity, seropositivity thresholds, though considerable methodological and statistical heterogeneity exists. Evidence concerning the effect of disease state and time of serum acquisition is varied and consistent, respectively. Adequately powered longitudinal studies employing standardized assay methods and seropositivity threshold definitions, and quantifying NMDAR antibodies in both sera and cerebrospinal fluid are needed to further elucidate the clinical and pathophysiological implications of this association.
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26
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Lai TW, Zhang S, Wang YT. Excitotoxicity and stroke: identifying novel targets for neuroprotection. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 115:157-88. [PMID: 24361499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 765] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity, the specific type of neurotoxicity mediated by glutamate, may be the missing link between ischemia and neuronal death, and intervening the mechanistic steps that lead to excitotoxicity can prevent stroke damage. Interest in excitotoxicity began fifty years ago when monosodium glutamate was found to be neurotoxic. Evidence soon demonstrated that glutamate is not only the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, but also a critical transmitter for signaling neurons to degenerate following stroke. The finding led to a number of clinical trials that tested inhibitors of excitotoxicity in stroke patients. Glutamate exerts its function in large by activating the calcium-permeable ionotropic NMDA receptor (NMDAR), and different subpopulations of the NMDAR may generate different functional outputs, depending on the signaling proteins directly bound or indirectly coupled to its large cytoplasmic tail. Synaptic activity activates the GluN2A subunit-containing NMDAR, leading to activation of the pro-survival signaling proteins Akt, ERK, and CREB. During a brief episode of ischemia, the extracellular glutamate concentration rises abruptly, and stimulation of the GluN2B-containing NMDAR in the extrasynaptic sites triggers excitotoxic neuronal death via PTEN, cdk5, and DAPK1, which are directly bound to the NMDAR, nNOS, which is indirectly coupled to the NMDAR via PSD95, and calpain, p25, STEP, p38, JNK, and SREBP1, which are further downstream. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the literature on excitotoxicity and our perspectives on how the new generation of excitotoxicity inhibitors may succeed despite the failure of the previous generation of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Weita Lai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan; Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yu-De Road, 40447 Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yu-De Road, 40447 Taichung, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2B5 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yu Tian Wang
- Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2B5 Vancouver, Canada.
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Lee JS, Xiao J, Patel P, Schade J, Wang J, Deneen B, Erdreich-Epstein A, Song HR. A novel tumor-promoting role for nuclear factor IA in glioblastomas is mediated through negative regulation of p53, p21, and PAI1. Neuro Oncol 2013; 16:191-203. [PMID: 24305710 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor IA (NFIA), a transcription factor and essential regulator in embryonic glial development, is highly expressed in human glioblastoma (GBM) compared with normal brain, but its contribution to GBM and cancer pathogenesis is unknown. Here we demonstrate a novel role for NFIA in promoting growth and migration of GBM and establish the molecular mechanisms mediating these functions. Methods To determine the role of NFIA in glioma, we examined the effects of NFIA in growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. We used gain-of-function (overexpression) and loss-of-function (shRNA knockdown) of NFIA in primary patient-derived GBM cells and established glioma cell lines in culture and in intracranial xenografts in mouse brains. Results Knockdown of native NFIA blocked tumor growth and induced cell death and apoptosis. Complementing this, NFIA overexpression accelerated growth, proliferation, and migration of GBM in cell culture and in mouse brains. These NFIA tumor-promoting effects were mediated via transcriptional repression of p53, p21, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1) through specific NFIA-recognition sequences in their promoters. Importantly, the effects of NFIA on proliferation and apoptosis were independent of TP53 mutation status, a finding especially relevant for GBM, in which TP53 is frequently mutated. Conclusion NFIA is a modulator of GBM growth and migration, and functions by distinct regulation of critical oncogenic pathways that govern the malignant behavior of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Lee
- Corresponding author: Hae-Ri Song, MD, New York University School of Medicine, Smilow Research Center 1306, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
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28
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He X, Sanders SJ, Liu L, De Rubeis S, Lim ET, Sutcliffe JS, Schellenberg GD, Gibbs RA, Daly MJ, Buxbaum JD, State MW, Devlin B, Roeder K. Integrated model of de novo and inherited genetic variants yields greater power to identify risk genes. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003671. [PMID: 23966865 PMCID: PMC3744441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations affect risk for many diseases and disorders, especially those with early-onset. An example is autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Four recent whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies of ASD families revealed a handful of novel risk genes, based on independent de novo loss-of-function (LoF) mutations falling in the same gene, and found that de novo LoF mutations occurred at a twofold higher rate than expected by chance. However successful these studies were, they used only a small fraction of the data, excluding other types of de novo mutations and inherited rare variants. Moreover, such analyses cannot readily incorporate data from case-control studies. An important research challenge in gene discovery, therefore, is to develop statistical methods that accommodate a broader class of rare variation. We develop methods that can incorporate WES data regarding de novo mutations, inherited variants present, and variants identified within cases and controls. TADA, for Transmission And De novo Association, integrates these data by a gene-based likelihood model involving parameters for allele frequencies and gene-specific penetrances. Inference is based on a Hierarchical Bayes strategy that borrows information across all genes to infer parameters that would be difficult to estimate for individual genes. In addition to theoretical development we validated TADA using realistic simulations mimicking rare, large-effect mutations affecting risk for ASD and show it has dramatically better power than other common methods of analysis. Thus TADA's integration of various kinds of WES data can be a highly effective means of identifying novel risk genes. Indeed, application of TADA to WES data from subjects with ASD and their families, as well as from a study of ASD subjects and controls, revealed several novel and promising ASD candidate genes with strong statistical support. The genetic underpinnings of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have proven difficult to determine, despite a wealth of evidence for genetic causes and ongoing effort to identify genes. Recently investigators sequenced the coding regions of the genomes from ASD children along with their unaffected parents (ASD trios) and identified numerous new candidate genes by pinpointing spontaneously occurring (de novo) mutations in the affected offspring. A gene with a severe (de novo) mutation observed in more than one individual is immediately implicated in ASD; however, the majority of severe mutations are observed only once per gene. These genes create a short list of candidates, and our results suggest about 50% are true risk genes. To strengthen our inferences, we develop a novel statistical method (TADA) that utilizes inherited variation transmitted to affected offspring in conjunction with (de novo) mutations to identify risk genes. Through simulations we show that TADA dramatically increases power. We apply this approach to nearly 1000 ASD trios and 2000 subjects from a case-control study and identify several promising genes. Through simulations and application we show that TADA's integration of sequencing data can be a highly effective means of identifying risk genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Lane Center of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephan J. Sanders
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elaine T. Lim
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James S. Sutcliffe
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Departments of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. State
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Lane Center of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zheng S, Damoiseaux R, Chen L, Black DL. A broadly applicable high-throughput screening strategy identifies new regulators of Dlg4 (Psd-95) alternative splicing. Genome Res 2013; 23:998-1007. [PMID: 23636947 PMCID: PMC3668367 DOI: 10.1101/gr.147546.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Most mammalian genes produce multiple mRNA isoforms derived from alternative pre-mRNA splicing, with each alternative exon controlled by a complex network of regulatory factors. The identification of these regulators can be laborious and is usually carried out one factor at a time. We have developed a broadly applicable high-throughput screening method that simultaneously identifies multiple positive and negative regulators of a particular exon. Two minigene reporters were constructed: One produces green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the mRNA including an exon, and red fluorescent protein (RFP) from the mRNA lacking the exon; the other switches these fluorescent products of exon inclusion and exclusion. Combining results from these two reporters eliminates many false positives and greatly enriches for true splicing regulators. After extensive optimization of this method, we performed a gain-of-function screen of 15,779 cDNA clones and identified 40 genes affecting exon 18 of Discs large homolog 4 (Dlg4; also known as post-synaptic density protein 95 [Psd-95]). We confirmed that 28 of the 34 recoverable clones alter reporter splicing in RT-PCR assays. Remarkably, 18 of the identified genes encode splicing factors or RNA binding proteins, including PTBP1, a previously identified regulator of this exon. Loss-of-function experiments examining endogenous Dlg4 transcripts validated the effects of five of eight genes tested in independent cell lines, and two genes were further confirmed to regulate Dlg4 splicing in primary neurons. These results identify multiple new regulators of Dlg4 splicing, and validate an approach to isolating splicing regulators for almost any cassette exon from libraries of cDNAs, shRNAs, or small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sika Zheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Molecular Screening Shared Resource, University of California at Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Douglas L. Black
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Hasegawa S, Kume H, Iinuma S, Yamasaki M, Takahashi N, Fukui T. Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase is essential for normal neuronal development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:398-403. [PMID: 23000407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol and fatty acids are essential, abundant components of neuronal tissue. Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is a ketone body-utilizing enzyme for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids and is highly expressed in the brain. In this study, we investigated the regulation of AACS during neurite outgrowth to clarify the physiological role of AACS in neurogenesis. Messenger RNA levels and the expression of AACS were increased during neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2a cells. The expression of HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, was also increased. ChIP assays showed that the amount of SREBP-2, a key transcription factor of cholesterol synthesis, interacted with the AACS promoter was increased during neurite outgrowth, and knockdown of SREBP-2 down-regulated the mRNA levels of AACS in Neuro-2a cells. The expression of AACS in the brains of mouse embryos was dramatically increased between E16.5 and E18.5. Moreover, knockdown of AACS in primary neurons caused decreases in the expression of MAP-2 and NeuN, which are markers of neuronal differentiation, as well as synaptopodin, a marker of spine apparatus. These results suggest that AACS is regulated by SREBP-2 and involves in the normal development of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hasegawa
- Department of Health Chemistry, Hoshi University, Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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31
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Mikhail FM, Lose EJ, Robin NH, Descartes MD, Rutledge KD, Rutledge SL, Korf BR, Carroll AJ. Clinically relevant single gene or intragenic deletions encompassing critical neurodevelopmental genes in patients with developmental delay, mental retardation, and/or autism spectrum disorders. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 155A:2386-96. [PMID: 22031302 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that copy number variations (CNVs) encompassing several genes involved in neurodevelopmental pathways are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric phenotypes, including developmental delay (DD), mental retardation (MR), and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here we present eight patients in a cohort of approximately 1,200 patients referred for clinical array CGH testing for various neurodevelopmental phenotypes,whowere identified to carry small (<1.0Mb with the majority <500 kb) either total gene or intragenic deletions encompassing critical synaptic and other neurodevelopmental genes. The presentations of these patients included variable degrees of DD, speech problems, learning disabilities, MR, autistic-like features, and mild non-specific dysmorphic features. These genes belong to four functional categories, including neuronal transcription factor genes (NFIA at 1p31.3, MEF2C at 5q14.3, andCAMAT1at 1p36.23p36.31), neuron-specific splicing factor genes (RBFOX1 at 16p13.2p13.3), genes involved in synapse formation and maintenance (CNTNAP2 at 7q35 and LRFN5 at 14q21.2), and genes involved in neurotransmission (CHRNA7 at 15q13.3 and IL1RAPL1 at Xp21.2p21.3). Our report expands the list of neurodevelopmental genes deleted in various neurobehavioral phenotypes, expands the phenotypes caused by haploinsufficiency of previously reported critical neurodevelopmental genes, and elucidates the clinical relevance and need for careful clinical interpretation of some small CNVs<500 kb. This report also suggests that small clinically relevant deletions encompassing critical synaptic and other neurodevelopmental genes can present clinically with various neurobehavioral phenotypes, which implies the existence of overlapping neuronal pathways in the pathogenesis of these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady M Mikhail
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
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Zheng S, Gray EE, Chawla G, Porse BT, O'Dell TJ, Black DL. PSD-95 is post-transcriptionally repressed during early neural development by PTBP1 and PTBP2. Nat Neurosci 2012; 15:381-8, S1. [PMID: 22246437 PMCID: PMC3288398 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) is essential for synaptic maturation and plasticity. Although its synaptic regulation has been widely studied, the control of PSD-95 cellular expression is not understood. We found that Psd-95 was controlled post-transcriptionally during neural development. Psd-95 was transcribed early in mouse embryonic brain, but most of its product transcripts were degraded. The polypyrimidine tract binding proteins PTBP1 and PTBP2 repressed Psd-95 (also known as Dlg4) exon 18 splicing, leading to premature translation termination and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The loss of first PTBP1 and then of PTBP2 during embryonic development allowed splicing of exon 18 and expression of PSD-95 late in neuronal maturation. Re-expression of PTBP1 or PTBP2 in differentiated neurons inhibited PSD-95 expression and impaired the development of glutamatergic synapses. Thus, expression of PSD-95 during early neural development is controlled at the RNA level by two PTB proteins whose sequential downregulation is necessary for synapse maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sika Zheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Park JH, Choi MR, Park KS, Kim SH, Jung KH, Chai YG. The characterization of gene expression during mouse neural stem cell differentiation in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2011; 506:50-4. [PMID: 22044874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are tissue-specific, multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into three cell lineages in the central nervous system: neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The therapeutic potential of NSCs has fueled attempts to characterize the expression of genes that regulate their fate. In this study, NSCs from embryonic day 15 (E15) mouse embryos were differentiated for 1 (DF-1) or 2 (DF-2) days, and the gene expression patterns in the NSCs and in the DF-1 and DF-2 cells were measured by microarray and real-time RT-PCR. Among the analyzed genes, 1898 genes were up-regulated in the DF-1 and DF-2 cells relative to the NSCs, whereas 1642 genes were down-regulated. The up-regulated genes included Gfap, Smad6, Fst, Tgfb2 and Cdkn2. The down-regulated genes included Ccnb1, Ccnd1 and Ccnd2. We identified gene networks that were associated with BMP and TGF-beta2 signaling pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Our results suggest that the differentiation of E15 NSCs into astrocytes is based on a combinatorial network of various signaling pathways, including cell cycle, BMP and TGF-beta2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Park
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
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Marsden W. Stressor-induced NMDAR dysfunction as a unifying hypothesis for the aetiology, pathogenesis and comorbidity of clinical depression. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:508-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Drago A, Crisafulli C, Sidoti A, Serretti A. The molecular interaction between the glutamatergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems informs a detailed genetic perspective on depressive phenotypes. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 94:418-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Andrabi SA, Kang HC, Haince JF, Lee YI, Zhang J, Chi Z, West AB, Koehler RC, Poirier GG, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Iduna protects the brain from glutamate excitotoxicity and stroke by interfering with poly(ADP-ribose) polymer-induced cell death. Nat Med 2011; 17:692-9. [PMID: 21602803 PMCID: PMC3709257 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate acting on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors induces neuronal injury following stroke, through activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and generation of the death molecule poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymer. Here we identify Iduna, a previously undescribed NMDA receptor-induced survival protein that is neuroprotective against glutamate NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo and against stroke through interfering with PAR polymer-induced cell death (parthanatos). Iduna's protective effects are independent and downstream of PARP-1 activity. Iduna is a PAR polymer-binding protein, and mutation at the PAR polymer binding site abolishes the PAR binding activity of Iduna and attenuates its protective actions. Iduna is protective in vivo against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity and middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced stroke in mice. To our knowledge, these results define Iduna as the first known endogenous inhibitor of parthanatos. Interfering with PAR polymer signaling could be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaida A. Andrabi
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ho Chul Kang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jean-François Haince
- Cancer Axis, Laval University Medical Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Ste-Foy, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhikai Chi
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew B. West
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Raymond C. Koehler
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Guy G. Poirier
- Cancer Axis, Laval University Medical Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Ste-Foy, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Bell KFS, Hardingham GE. The influence of synaptic activity on neuronal health. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2011; 21:299-305. [PMID: 21292474 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
According to the theory of neuronal health, neurons exist in a spectrum of states ranging from highly resilient to vulnerable. An unhealthy neuron may be rendered dysfunctional or non-viable by an insult that would ordinarily be non-toxic to a healthy neuron. Over the years it has become clear that a neuron's health is subject to dynamic regulation by electrical or synaptic activity. This review highlights recently identified activity dependent signalling events that boost neuronal health through the transcriptional control of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes, the enhancement of antioxidant defences, and the regulation of mitochondrial and neurotrophic factor availability. Furthermore, activity dependent signals have recently been shown to influence a variety of events specific to individual neurodegenerative diseases, which will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen F S Bell
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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Hardingham GE, Bading H. Synaptic versus extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signalling: implications for neurodegenerative disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2010; 11:682-96. [PMID: 20842175 PMCID: PMC2948541 DOI: 10.1038/nrn2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1137] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a long-standing paradox that NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs) can both promote neuronal health and kill neurons. Recent studies show that NMDAR-induced responses depend on the receptor location: stimulation of synaptic NMDARs, acting primarily through nuclear Ca(2+) signalling, leads to the build-up of a neuroprotective 'shield', whereas stimulation of extrasynaptic NMDARs promotes cell death. These differences result from the activation of distinct genomic programmes and from opposing actions on intracellular signalling pathways. Perturbations in the balance between synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDAR activity contribute to neuronal dysfunction in acute ischaemia and Huntington's disease, and could be a common theme in the aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroprotective therapies should aim to both enhance the effect of synaptic activity and disrupt extrasynaptic NMDAR-dependent death signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles E. Hardingham
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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