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Murakami M, Sato H, Taketomi Y. Modulation of immunity by the secreted phospholipase A 2 family. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:42-70. [PMID: 37035998 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) superfamily, which typically catalyzes the sn-2 hydrolysis of phospholipids to yield fatty acids and lysophospholipids, the secreted PLA2 (sPLA2 ) family contains 11 isoforms in mammals. Individual sPLA2 s have unique enzymatic specificity toward fatty acids and polar heads of phospholipid substrates and display distinct tissue/cellular distributions, suggesting their distinct physiological functions. Recent studies using knockout and/or transgenic mice for a full set of sPLA2 s have revealed their roles in modulation of immunity and related disorders. Application of mass spectrometric lipidomics to these mice has enabled to identify target substrates and products of individual sPLA2 s in given tissue microenvironments. sPLA2 s hydrolyze not only phospholipids in the plasma membrane of activated, damaged or dying mammalian cells, but also extracellular phospholipids such as those in extracellular vesicles, microbe membranes, lipoproteins, surfactants, and dietary phospholipids, thereby exacerbating or ameliorating various diseases. The actions of sPLA2 s are dependent on, or independent of, the generation of fatty acid- or lysophospholipid-derived lipid mediators according to the pathophysiological contexts. In this review, we make an overview of our current understanding of the roles of individual sPLA2 s in various immune responses and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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The phospholipase A 2 superfamily as a central hub of bioactive lipids and beyond. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108382. [PMID: 36918102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
In essence, "phospholipase A2" (PLA2) means a group of enzymes that release fatty acids and lysophospholipids by hydrolyzing the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids. To date, more than 50 enzymes possessing PLA2 or related lipid-metabolizing activities have been identified in mammals, and these are subdivided into several families in terms of their structures, catalytic mechanisms, tissue/cellular localizations, and evolutionary relationships. From a general viewpoint, the PLA2 superfamily has mainly been implicated in signal transduction, driving the production of a wide variety of bioactive lipid mediators. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that PLA2s also contribute to phospholipid remodeling or recycling for membrane homeostasis, fatty acid β-oxidation for energy production, and barrier lipid formation on the body surface. Accordingly, PLA2 enzymes are considered one of the key regulators of a broad range of lipid metabolism, and perturbation of specific PLA2-driven lipid pathways often disrupts tissue and cellular homeostasis and may be associated with a variety of diseases. This review covers current understanding of the physiological functions of the PLA2 superfamily, focusing particularly on the two major intracellular PLA2 families (Ca2+-dependent cytosolic PLA2s and Ca2+-independent patatin-like PLA2s) as well as other PLA2 families, based on studies using gene-manipulated mice and human diseases in combination with comprehensive lipidomics.
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3
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Morohoshi A, Miyata H, Tokuhiro K, Iida-Norita R, Noda T, Fujihara Y, Ikawa M. Testis-enriched ferlin, FER1L5, is required for Ca 2+-activated acrosome reaction and male fertility. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7607. [PMID: 36696506 PMCID: PMC9876558 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Spermatozoa need to undergo an exocytotic event called the acrosome reaction before fusing with eggs. Although calcium ion (Ca2+) is essential for the acrosome reaction, its molecular mechanism remains unknown. Ferlin is a single transmembrane protein with multiple Ca2+-binding C2 domains, and there are six ferlins, dysferlin (DYSF), otoferlin (OTOF), myoferlin (MYOF), fer-1-like 4 (FER1L4), FER1L5, and FER1L6, in mammals. Dysf, Otof, and Myof knockout mice have been generated, and each knockout mouse line exhibited membrane fusion disorders such as muscular dystrophy in Dysf, deafness in Otof, and abnormal myogenesis in Myof. Here, by generating mutant mice of Fer1l4, Fer1l5, and Fer1l6, we found that only Fer1l5 is required for male fertility. Fer1l5 mutant spermatozoa could migrate in the female reproductive tract and reach eggs, but no acrosome reaction took place. Even a Ca2+ ionophore cannot induce the acrosome reaction in Fer1l5 mutant spermatozoa. These results suggest that FER1L5 is the missing link between Ca2+ and the acrosome reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Morohoshi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
| | - Haruhiko Miyata
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
| | - Keizo Tokuhiro
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 5731191 Japan
| | - Rie Iida-Norita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
| | - Taichi Noda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 8600811 Japan
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 8608555 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fujihara
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 5648565, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1088639 Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871 Japan
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Lipophilic phthalic acid esters impair human sperm acrosomal reaction through the likely inhibition of phospholipase A 2-signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115249. [PMID: 36115423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are recognized endocrine disruptors. Detection of PAEs in semen from idiopathic infertile males suggests possible direct mechanisms of sperm toxicity. In this study we aimed to correlate sperm function with semen levels of PAEs. Semen samples were obtained from 100 male patients attending the Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, (Italy), 22 of which having a recognized history of idiopathic infertility. Compared to fertile subjects, infertile patients showed reduced levels of acrosome reaction (AR), evaluated by CD46 staining upon progesterone (P4) triggering (p < 0.001). Subjects showing positive detection of PAEs in semen, evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), were significantly more represented in those reporting an history of infertility (13 out of 22), compared to fertile subjects (25 out of 78, P = 0.0266). In vitro sperm exposure to PAEs showed that lipophilic PAE representative Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) had higher cell accumulation and inhibition of P4-induced AR than less lipophilic PAE representative Dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Computer-based binding analysis and fluorimetric inhibition assay, showed that both DNOP and DBP had similar Phospholipase-A2 (PLA2) inhibitory activity (respectively: 3.98 nM and 5.52 nM). However, only DNOP showed a significant inhibition of PLA2-mediated AR, triggered by A23187 calcium ionophore. Incubation with PLA2-related product arachidonic acid restored AR. Our data are suggestive of a novel mechanistic model of PAEs interference on sperm function, through the inhibition of PLA2-mediated signaling. According to this hypothesis, the inhibitory efficacy of the specific PAE is possibly linked to the corresponding cell accumulation.
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Mangini M, D’Angelo R, Vinciguerra C, Payré C, Lambeau G, Balestrieri B, Charles JF, Mariggiò S. Multimodal regulation of the osteoclastogenesis process by secreted group IIA phospholipase A 2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:966950. [PMID: 36105351 PMCID: PMC9467450 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.966950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to the involvement of group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) in pathologies characterized by abnormal osteoclast bone-resorption activity. Here, the role of this moonlighting protein has been deepened in the osteoclastogenesis process driven by the RANKL cytokine in RAW264.7 macrophages and bone-marrow derived precursor cells from BALB/cJ mice. Inhibitors with distinct selectivity toward sPLA2-IIA activities and recombinant sPLA2-IIA (wild-type or catalytically inactive forms, full-length or partial protein sequences) were instrumental to dissect out sPLA2-IIA function, in conjunction with reduction of sPLA2-IIA expression using small-interfering-RNAs and precursor cells from Pla2g2a knock-out mice. The reported data indicate sPLA2-IIA participation in murine osteoclast maturation, control of syncytium formation and resorbing activity, by mechanisms that may be both catalytically dependent and independent. Of note, these studies provide a more complete understanding of the still enigmatic osteoclast multinucleation process, a crucial step for bone-resorbing activity, uncovering the role of sPLA2-IIA interaction with a still unidentified receptor to regulate osteoclast fusion through p38 SAPK activation. This could pave the way for the design of specific inhibitors of sPLA2-IIA binding to interacting partners implicated in osteoclast syncytium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mangini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa D’Angelo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Vinciguerra
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Christine Payré
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Barbara Balestrieri
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julia F. Charles
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefania Mariggiò
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Stefania Mariggiò,
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Boilard E, Bellio M. Platelet extracellular vesicles and the secretory interactome join forces in health and disease. Immunol Rev 2022; 312:38-51. [PMID: 35899405 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles released by cells under various conditions. They are found in the extracellular milieu in all biological fluids. As the concentrations, contents, and origin of EVs can change during inflammation, the assessment of EVs can be used as a proxy of cellular activation. Here, we review the literature regarding EVs, more particularly those released by platelets and their mother cells, the megakaryocytes. Their cargo includes cytokines, growth factors, organelles (mitochondria and proteasomes), nucleic acids (messenger and non-coding RNA), transcription factors, and autoantigens. EVs may thus contribute to intercellular communication by facilitating exchange of material between cells. EVs also interact with other molecules secreted by cells. In autoimmune diseases, EVs are associated with antibodies secreted by B cells. By definition, EVs necessarily comprise a phospholipid moiety, which is thus the target of secreted phospholipases also abundantly expressed in the extracellular milieu. We discuss how platelet-derived EVs, which represent the majority of the circulating EVs, may contribute to immunity through the activity of their cargo or in combination with the secretory interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Boilard
- Département de microbiologie-immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Bellio
- Département de microbiologie-immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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7
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Treatment of Mouse Sperm with a Non-Catalytic Mutant of PLA2G10 Reveals That PLA2G10 Improves In Vitro Fertilization through Both Its Enzymatic Activity and as Ligand of PLA2R1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148033. [PMID: 35887380 PMCID: PMC9320362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The group X secreted phospholipase A2 (PLA2G10) is present at high levels in mouse sperm acrosome. The enzyme is secreted during capacitation and amplifies the acrosome reaction and its own secretion via an autocrine loop. PLA2G10 also improves the rate of fertilization. In in vitro fertilization (IVF) experiments, sperm from Pla2g10-deficient mice produces fewer two-cell embryos, and the absence of PLA2G10 is rescued by adding recombinant enzymes. Moreover, wild-type (WT) sperm treated with recombinant PLA2G10 produces more two-cell embryos. The effects of PLA2G10 on mouse fertility are inhibited by sPLA2 inhibitors and rescued by products of the enzymatic reaction such as free fatty acids, suggesting a role of catalytic activity. However, PLA2G10 also binds to mouse PLA2R1, which may play a role in fertility. To determine the relative contribution of enzymatic activity and PLA2R1 binding in the profertility effect of PLA2G10, we tested H48Q-PLA2G10, a catalytically-inactive mutant of PLA2G10 with low enzymatic activity but high binding properties to PLA2R1. Its effect was tested in various mouse strains, including Pla2r1-deficient mice. H48Q-PLA2G10 did not trigger the acrosome reaction but was as potent as WT-PLA2G10 to improve IVF in inbred C57Bl/6 mice; however, this was not the case in OF1 outbred mice. Using gametes from these mouse strains, the effect of H48Q-PLA2G10 appeared dependent on both spermatozoa and oocytes. Moreover, sperm from C57Bl/6 Pla2r1-deficient mice were less fertile and lowered the profertility effects of H48Q-PLA2G10, which were completely suppressed when sperm and oocytes were collected from Pla2r1-deficient mice. Conversely, the effect of WT-PLA2G10 was not or less sensitive to the absence of PLA2R1, suggesting that the effect of PLA2G10 is polymodal and complex, acting both as an enzyme and a ligand of PLA2R1. This study shows that the action of PLA2G10 on gametes is complex and can simultaneously activate the catalytic pathway and the PLA2R1-dependent receptor pathway. This work also shows for the first time that PLA2G10 binding to gametes’ PLA2R1 participates in fertilization optimization.
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8
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Mostafa S, Nader N, Machaca K. Lipid Signaling During Gamete Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:814876. [PMID: 36204680 PMCID: PMC9531329 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.814876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lipids are differentially distributed in distinct organelles and within the leaflets of the bilayer. They can further form laterally defined sub-domains within membranes with important signaling functions. This molecular and spatial complexity offers optimal platforms for signaling with the associated challenge of dissecting these pathways especially that lipid metabolism tends to be highly interconnected. Lipid signaling has historically been implicated in gamete function, however the detailed signaling pathways involved remain obscure. In this review we focus on oocyte and sperm maturation in an effort to consolidate current knowledge of the role of lipid signaling and set the stage for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Mostafa
- Medical Program, WCMQ, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nancy Nader
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar (WCMQ), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar (WCMQ), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Khaled Machaca,
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9
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Drosophila Lysophospholipase Gene swiss cheese Is Required for Survival and Reproduction. INSECTS 2021; 13:insects13010014. [PMID: 35055857 PMCID: PMC8781823 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Biological evolution implies fitness of newly evolved organisms that have inherent adaptive traits because of mutations in genes. However, most mutations are detrimental, and they spoil the organism’s life, its survival and its ability to leave progeny. Some genes are extremely vital for an organism, and therefore, they tend to save their structure and do not mutate or do it very composedly. That is the case of the gene encoding PNPLA6 lysophospholipase domain that evolved in bacteria, and evolution obliged it to save its function in higher animals. In mammals, complete dysfunction of such a gene is lethal because of its high importance in placenta for early embryo development. Why is it conserved in other species, for instance insects, that have no placenta? Here we studied the role of the PNPLA6-encoding gene named swiss cheese in Drosophila melanogaster fitness. We have found that its dysfunction results in premature death of specimens and their inability to leave enough progeny. Thus, we provide the first evidence for significance of the gene that encodes the lysophospholipase enzyme in fitness of insects. Abstract Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most famous insects in biological research. It is widely used to analyse functions of different genes. The phosphatidylcholine lysophospholipase gene swiss cheese was initially shown to be important in the fruit fly nervous system. However, the role of this gene in non-nervous cell types has not been elucidated yet, and the evolutional explanation for the conservation of its function remains elusive. In this study, we analyse expression pattern and some aspects of the role of the swiss cheese gene in the fitness of Drosophila melanogaster. We describe the spatiotemporal expression of swiss cheese throughout the fly development and analyse the survival and productivity of swiss cheese mutants. We found swiss cheese to be expressed in salivary glands, midgut, Malpighian tubes, adipocytes, and male reproductive system. Dysfunction of swiss cheese results in severe pupae and imago lethality and decline of fertility, which is impressive in males. The latter is accompanied with abnormalities of male locomotor activity and courtship behaviour, accumulation of lipid droplets in testis cyst cells and decrease in spermatozoa motility. These results suggest that normal swiss cheese is important for Drosophila melanogaster fitness due to its necessity for both specimen survival and their reproductive success.
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Pungerčar J, Bihl F, Lambeau G, Križaj I. What do secreted phospholipases A 2 have to offer in combat against different viruses up to SARS-CoV-2? Biochimie 2021; 189:40-50. [PMID: 34097986 PMCID: PMC8449419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) form a widespread group of structurally-related enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of glycerophospholipids to produce free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. In humans, nine catalytically active and two inactive sPLA2 proteins have been identified. These enzymes play diverse biological roles, including host defence against bacteria, parasites and viruses. Several of these endogenous sPLA2s may play a defensive role in viral infections, as they display in vitro antiviral activity by both direct and indirect mechanisms. However, endogenous sPLA2s may also exert an offensive and negative role, dampening the antiviral response or promoting inflammation in animal models of viral infection. Similarly, several exogenous sPLA2s, most of them from snake venoms and other animal venoms, possess in vitro antiviral activities. Thus, both endogenous and exogenous sPLA2s may be exploited for the development of new antiviral substances or as therapeutic targets for antagonistic drugs that may promote a more robust antiviral response. In this review, the antiviral versus proviral role of both endogenous and exogenous sPLA2s against various viruses including coronaviruses is presented. Based on the highlighted developments in this area of research, possible directions of future investigation are envisaged. One of them is also a possibility of exploiting sPLA2s as biological markers of the severity of the Covid-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jože Pungerčar
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Franck Bihl
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Kuksis A, Pruzanski W. Hydrolysis of glycerophosphocholine epoxides by human group IIA, V, and X secretory phospholipases A 2. Lipids 2021; 56:521-535. [PMID: 34278577 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was prompted by recent reports that epoxyeicosatrienoic (EET) and epoxyeicosatetraenoic (EEQ) acids accelerate tumor growth and metastasis by stimulation of angiogenesis, while eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and epoxydocosapentaenoic (EDP) acids inhibit angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases convert arachidonic to EET, eicosapentaenoic acid to EEQ, and docosahexaenoic acid to EDP, which are found both in free form and esterified to glycerophosphocholine (GPC). Both free and esterified epoxy (EP) acids are also formed during lipid autoxidation. For biological activity, the GPC-EP requires hydrolysis, which we presumed could occur by sPLA2 s located in proximity of lipoproteins carrying the lipid epoxides. The plasma lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation and analyzed by LC/ESI-MS. The GPC-EPs were identified by reference to standards and to retention times of phospholipid masses. The GPC-EP monoepoxides (corrected for isobaric ether overlaps) in stored human LDL, HDL, HDL3 , or APHDL ranged from 0 to 1 nmol/mg protein, but during 4-h incubation at 37°C increased to 1-5 nmol/mg protein. An incubation of autoxidized LDL, HDL, or HDL3 with 1 μg/ml of group V or X sPLA2 resulted in complete hydrolysis of diacyl GPC epoxide esters. Group IIA sPLA2 at 1 μg/ml failed to produce significant hydrolysis in 4 h, but at 2.5 μg/ml in 8 h yielded almost 80% hydrolysis, which represented complete diacyl GPC-EP hydrolysis. The present study shows that group IIA, V, and X sPLA2 s are capable of extensive hydrolysis of PtdCho epoxides of autoxidized plasma lipoproteins. Therefore, all three human sPLA2 s were potentially capable of inducing epoxide biological activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnis Kuksis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waldemar Pruzanski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Updating Phospholipase A 2 Biology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101457. [PMID: 33086624 PMCID: PMC7603386 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily contains more than 50 enzymes in mammals that are subdivided into several distinct families on a structural and biochemical basis. In principle, PLA2 has the capacity to hydrolyze the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to release fatty acids and lysophospholipids, yet several enzymes in this superfamily catalyze other reactions rather than or in addition to the PLA2 reaction. PLA2 enzymes play crucial roles in not only the production of lipid mediators, but also membrane remodeling, bioenergetics, and body surface barrier, thereby participating in a number of biological events. Accordingly, disturbance of PLA2-regulated lipid metabolism is often associated with various diseases. This review updates the current state of understanding of the classification, enzymatic properties, and biological functions of various enzymes belonging to the PLA2 superfamily, focusing particularly on the novel roles of PLA2s in vivo.
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13
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Escoffier J, Arnaud B, Kaba M, Hograindleur JP, Le Blévec E, Martinez G, Stévant I, Ray PF, Arnoult C, Nef S. Pantoprazole, a proton-pump inhibitor, impairs human sperm motility and capacitation in vitro. Andrology 2020; 8:1795-1804. [PMID: 32609951 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of PPIs on human sperm fertilizing capacity were poorly investigated although these drugs are widely over-used. Two publications retrospectively studied relationships between any PPI intake and sperm parameters from patients consulting at infertility clinics, but the conclusions of these reports were contradictory. Only two reports investigated the effects of lansoprazole and omeprazole on sperm motility and found lansoprazole to be deleterious and omeprazole to be neutral for sperm motility. The inconsistency of the PPI effect in the previous reports emphasizes the need for more basic research on human spermatozoa, taking into account the hypothesis that the different PPI drugs may have different effects on sperm physiology. OBJECTIVES Do PPIs, which are among the most widely sold drug in the word, impact negatively human sperm capacitation and sperm motility? MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of PPIs on human sperm maturation and motility were analyzed by CASA, flow cytometry, and Western blot. RESULTS We tested the impact of 6 different PPIs on human sperm motility and capacitation. We showed that pantoprazole, but not the other PPIs, decreased sperm progressive motility and capacitation-induced sperm hyperactivation. We therefore investigated further the effects of pantoprazole on sperm capacitation, and we observed that it had a significant deleterious effect on the capacitation-induced hyperpolarization of the membrane potential and capacitation-associated protein phosphorylation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results indicate that exposure to pantoprazole has an adverse effect on the physiological competence of human spermatozoa. As the capacitation process takes place within the female tract, our results suggest that PPIs intake by the female partner may impair in vivo sperm maturation and possibly fertilization. Moreover, the absence of adverse effect by PPIs on mouse sperm emphasizes the need to develop reprotox assays using human material to better assess the effects of medication intake on sperm physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Escoffier
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Equipe "Génétique, Epigénétique et Thérapies de l'Infertilité", IAB, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Bastien Arnaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Equipe "Génétique, Epigénétique et Thérapies de l'Infertilité", IAB, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Mayis Kaba
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Pascal Hograindleur
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Equipe "Génétique, Epigénétique et Thérapies de l'Infertilité", IAB, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie Le Blévec
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Equipe "Génétique, Epigénétique et Thérapies de l'Infertilité", IAB, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Martinez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Equipe "Génétique, Epigénétique et Thérapies de l'Infertilité", IAB, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Stévant
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre F Ray
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Equipe "Génétique, Epigénétique et Thérapies de l'Infertilité", IAB, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, UM GI-DPI, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Arnoult
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Equipe "Génétique, Epigénétique et Thérapies de l'Infertilité", IAB, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Mavi GK, Dubey PP, Cheema RS, Bansal BK. Characterization of fertility associated sperm proteins in Aseel and Rhode Island Red chicken breeds. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 203:94-104. [PMID: 30846297 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on characterization of fertility associated proteins in Aseel and RIR roosters and was conducted on two generations of birds. Roosters were divided into high (>50%) and low fertility groups (<50%) based on sperm function tests and fertility rate in both the generations. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against sperm proteins of first generation highly fertile roosters and tested for characterization of fertility associated sperm proteins in the second generation of same roosters. IgG-fraction against proteins (Anti-SP-IgG) was reacted with sperm proteins of both high and low fertile roosters of second generation on immunoblots. Sperm proteins present in highly fertile roosters were further characterized by Mass Spectrometry (MS). Use of SDS-PAGE for evaluation of sperm extracts of Aseel and RIR breeds resulted in resolution of 16 and 10 proteins on 12% acrylamide gels. Anti-SP-IgG reacted with eight and ten sperm proteins of Aseel and RIR roosters on immunoblots. The SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analysis also indicated a variation in sperm proteins among two breeds and high/low fertile roosters. The MS analysis indicated matching of 20, 30, and 20, 25 kDa proteins (associated with high fertility rate) of Aseel and RIR roosters with immunoglobulin kappa chain variable, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), hypothetical N332-08551 partial and cystatin like partial proteins with a top score of 41, 46, 52 and 43, respectively. Considering the function and importance of matching proteins in male reproduction, these proteins may be further explored as potential markers for fertility evaluation of Aseel and RIR roosters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjot Kaur Mavi
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - P P Dubey
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Ranjna S Cheema
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - B K Bansal
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
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15
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Murakami M, Miki Y, Sato H, Murase R, Taketomi Y, Yamamoto K. Group IID, IIE, IIF and III secreted phospholipase A 2s. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:803-818. [PMID: 30905347 PMCID: PMC7106514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Among the 11 members of the secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) family, group IID, IIE, IIF and III sPLA2s (sPLA2-IID, -IIE, -IIF and -III, respectively) are “new” isoforms in the history of sPLA2 research. Relative to the better characterized sPLA2s (sPLA2-IB, -IIA, -V and -X), the enzymatic properties, distributions, and functions of these “new” sPLA2s have remained obscure until recently. Our current studies using knockout and transgenic mice for a nearly full set of sPLA2s, in combination with comprehensive lipidomics, have revealed unique and distinct roles of these “new” sPLA2s in specific biological events. Thus, sPLA2-IID is involved in immune suppression, sPLA2-IIE in metabolic regulation and hair follicle homeostasis, sPLA2-IIF in epidermal hyperplasia, and sPLA2-III in male reproduction, anaphylaxis, colonic diseases, and possibly atherosclerosis. In this article, we overview current understanding of the properties and functions of these sPLA2s and their underlying lipid pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Remi Murase
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
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16
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Boilard E. Extracellular vesicles and their content in bioactive lipid mediators: more than a sack of microRNA. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:2037-2046. [PMID: 29678959 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r084640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, are small membrane-bound vesicles released by cells under various conditions. In a multitude of physiological and pathological conditions, EVs contribute to intercellular communication by facilitating exchange of material between cells. Rapidly growing interest is aimed at better understanding EV function and their use as biomarkers. The vast EV cargo includes cytokines, growth factors, organelles, nucleic acids (messenger and micro RNA), and transcription factors. A large proportion of research dedicated to EVs is focused on their microRNA cargo; however, much less is known about other EV constituents, in particular, eicosanoids. These potent bioactive lipid mediators, derived from arachidonic acid, are shuttled in EVs along with the enzymes in charge of their synthesis. In the extracellular milieu, EVs also interact with secreted phospholipases to generate eicosanoids, which then regulate the transfer of cargo into a cellular recipient. Eicosanoids are useful as biomarkers and contribute to a variety of biological functions, including modulation of distal immune responses. Here, we review the reported roles of eicosanoids conveyed by EVs and describe their potential as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quebec City, QC, Canada, and Canadian National Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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17
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Epididymal phospholipidosis is a possible mechanism for spermatotoxicity induced by the organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion in rats. Toxicol Lett 2018; 285:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Abd El-Aziz TM, Al Khoury S, Jaquillard L, Triquigneaux M, Martinez G, Bourgoin-Voillard S, Sève M, Arnoult C, Beroud R, De Waard M. Actiflagelin, a new sperm activator isolated from Walterinnesia aegyptia venom using phenotypic screening. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:2. [PMID: 29410678 PMCID: PMC5782387 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sperm contains a wealth of cell surface receptors and ion channels that are required for most of its basic functions such as motility and acrosome reaction. Conversely, animal venoms are enriched in bioactive compounds that primarily target those ion channels and cell surface receptors. We hypothesized, therefore, that animal venoms should be rich enough in sperm-modulating compounds for a drug discovery program. Our objective was to demonstrate this fact by using a sperm-based phenotypic screening to identify positive modulators from the venom of Walterinnesia aegyptia. Methods Herein, as proof of concept that venoms contain interesting compounds for sperm physiology, we fractionated Walterinnesia aegyptia snake venom by RP-HPLC and screened for bioactive fractions capable of accelerating mouse sperm motility (primary screening). Next, we purified each compound from the positive fraction by cation exchange and identified the bioactive peptide by secondary screening. The peptide sequence was established by Edman sequencing of the reduced/alkylated compound combined to LC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS analyses of reduced/alkylated fragment peptides following trypsin or V8 protease digestion. Results Using this two-step purification protocol combined to cell phenotypic screening, we identified a new toxin of 7329.38 Da (actiflagelin) that activates sperm motility in vitro from OF1 male mice. Actiflagelin is 63 amino acids in length and contains five disulfide bridges along the proposed pattern of disulfide connectivity C1-C5, C2-C3, C4-C6, C7-C8 and C9-C10. Modeling of its structure suggests that it belongs to the family of three finger toxins with a noticeable homology with bucandin, a peptide from Bungarus candidus venom. Conclusions This report demonstrates the feasibility of identifying profertility compounds that may be of therapeutic potential for infertility cases where motility is an issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- 1Institute of Thorax, INSERM UMR 1087/CNRS UMR 6291, LabEx Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics, 8 Quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,2University of Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.,3Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519 Egypt
| | - Sawsan Al Khoury
- 1Institute of Thorax, INSERM UMR 1087/CNRS UMR 6291, LabEx Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics, 8 Quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,2University of Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Lucie Jaquillard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 570 Rue de la Chimie, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | | | - Guillaume Martinez
- 5University Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE proteomic Platform, 38000 Grenoble, France.,INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Equipe "Génétique, Epigénétique et Thérapies de l'Infertilité", 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Bourgoin-Voillard
- 5University Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE proteomic Platform, 38000 Grenoble, France.,7Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, CHU de Grenoble, PROMETHEE proteomic Platform, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Inserm U1055, LBFA and BEeSy, Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Michel Sève
- 5University Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE proteomic Platform, 38000 Grenoble, France.,7Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, CHU de Grenoble, PROMETHEE proteomic Platform, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Inserm U1055, LBFA and BEeSy, Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Christophe Arnoult
- 5University Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE proteomic Platform, 38000 Grenoble, France.,INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Equipe "Génétique, Epigénétique et Thérapies de l'Infertilité", 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Beroud
- Smartox Biotechnology, 570 Rue de la Chimie, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Michel De Waard
- 1Institute of Thorax, INSERM UMR 1087/CNRS UMR 6291, LabEx Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics, 8 Quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,2University of Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.,Smartox Biotechnology, 570 Rue de la Chimie, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
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19
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Glycerol kinase-like proteins cooperate with Pld6 in regulating sperm mitochondrial sheath formation and male fertility. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17030. [PMID: 28852571 PMCID: PMC5566117 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatids undergo the final steps of maturation during spermiogenesis, a process that necessitates extensive rearrangement of organelles such as the mitochondria. Male infertility has been linked to mitochondrial disorder, for example, hypospermatogenesis and asthenozoospermia. However, the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial dynamics during spermiogenesis remain largely unknown. We found the glycerol kinase (Gyk)-like proteins glycerol kinase-like 1 (Gykl1) and glycerol kinase 2 (Gk2) were specifically localized to the mitochondria in spermatids. Male mice deficient in either Gykl1 or Gk2 were infertile due to dysfunctional spermatozoa, which exhibited unregulated ATP production, disordered mitochondrial sheath formation, abnormal mitochondrial morphology, and defective sperm tail. We demonstrated that the unique C-terminal sequences found in Gykl1 and Gk2 mediated their targeting to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Furthermore, both Gykl1 and Gk2 could interact with Pld6 (MitoPLD) and induce Pld6 and phosphatidic acid (PA)-dependent mitochondrial clustering in cells. Taken together, our study has revealed previously unsuspected functions of Gyk-like proteins in spermiogenesis, providing new insight into the potential mechanisms that lead to spermatozoa dysfunction and male infertility.
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20
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Hydrolysis of Phosphatidylcholine-Isoprostanes (PtdCho-IP) by Peripheral Human Group IIA, V and X Secretory Phospholipases A2 (sPLA2). Lipids 2017; 52:477-488. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Kelliher T, Starr D, Richbourg L, Chintamanani S, Delzer B, Nuccio ML, Green J, Chen Z, McCuiston J, Wang W, Liebler T, Bullock P, Martin B. MATRILINEAL, a sperm-specific phospholipase, triggers maize haploid induction. Nature 2017; 542:105-109. [PMID: 28114299 DOI: 10.1038/nature20827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves double fertilization, the union of two sperm from pollen with two sex cells in the female embryo sac. Modern plant breeders increasingly seek to circumvent this process to produce doubled haploid individuals, which derive from the chromosome-doubled cells of the haploid gametophyte. Doubled haploid production fixes recombinant haploid genomes in inbred lines, shaving years off the breeding process. Costly, genotype-dependent tissue culture methods are used in many crops, while seed-based in vivo doubled haploid systems are rare in nature and difficult to manage in breeding programmes. The multi-billion-dollar maize hybrid seed business, however, is supported by industrial doubled haploid pipelines using intraspecific crosses to in vivo haploid inducer males derived from Stock 6, first reported in 1959 (ref. 5), followed by colchicine treatment. Despite decades of use, the mode of action remains controversial. Here we establish, through fine mapping, genome sequencing, genetic complementation, and gene editing, that haploid induction in maize (Zea mays) is triggered by a frame-shift mutation in MATRILINEAL (MTL), a pollen-specific phospholipase, and that novel edits in MTL lead to a 6.7% haploid induction rate (the percentage of haploid progeny versus total progeny). Wild-type MTL protein localizes exclusively to sperm cytoplasm, and pollen RNA-sequence profiling identifies a suite of pollen-specific genes overexpressed during haploid induction, some of which may mediate the formation of haploid seed. These findings highlight the importance of male gamete cytoplasmic components to reproductive success and male genome transmittance. Given the conservation of MTL in the cereals, this discovery may enable development of in vivo haploid induction systems to accelerate breeding in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kelliher
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Dakota Starr
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Lee Richbourg
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | | | - Brent Delzer
- Syngenta Seeds, 4133 East County Road O, Janesville, Wisconsin 53546, USA
| | - Michael L Nuccio
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Julie Green
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Zhongying Chen
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Jamie McCuiston
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Wenling Wang
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Tara Liebler
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Paul Bullock
- Syngenta Seeds, 2369 330th Street, Slater, Iowa 50244, USA
| | - Barry Martin
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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MURAKAMI M. Lipoquality control by phospholipase A 2 enzymes. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:677-702. [PMID: 29129849 PMCID: PMC5743847 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family comprises a group of lipolytic enzymes that typically hydrolyze the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to give rise to fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The mammalian genome encodes more than 50 PLA2s or related enzymes, which are classified into several subfamilies on the basis of their structures and functions. From a general viewpoint, the PLA2 family has mainly been implicated in signal transduction, producing bioactive lipid mediators derived from fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Recent evidence indicates that PLA2s also contribute to phospholipid remodeling for membrane homeostasis or energy production for fatty acid β-oxidation. Accordingly, PLA2 enzymes can be regarded as one of the key regulators of the quality of lipids, which I herein refer to as lipoquality. Disturbance of PLA2-regulated lipoquality hampers tissue and cellular homeostasis and can be linked to various diseases. Here I overview the current state of understanding of the classification, enzymatic properties, and physiological functions of the PLA2 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto MURAKAMI
- Laboratory of Environmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: M. Murakami, Laboratory of Environmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan (e-mail: )
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Yamamoto K, Miki Y, Sato H, Murase R, Taketomi Y, Murakami M. Secreted Phospholipase A2 Specificity on Natural Membrane Phospholipids. Methods Enzymol 2017; 583:101-117. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Murakami M, Yamamoto K, Miki Y, Murase R, Sato H, Taketomi Y. The Roles of the Secreted Phospholipase A 2 Gene Family in Immunology. Adv Immunol 2016; 132:91-134. [PMID: 27769509 PMCID: PMC7112020 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Within the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family that hydrolyzes phospholipids to yield fatty acids and lysophospholipids, secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) enzymes comprise the largest group containing 11 isoforms in mammals. Individual sPLA2s exhibit unique tissue or cellular distributions and enzymatic properties, suggesting their distinct biological roles. Although PLA2 enzymes, particularly cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2α), have long been implicated in inflammation by driving arachidonic acid metabolism, the precise biological roles of sPLA2s have remained a mystery over the last few decades. Recent studies employing mice gene-manipulated for individual sPLA2s, in combination with mass spectrometric lipidomics to identify their target substrates and products in vivo, have revealed their roles in diverse biological events, including immunity and associated disorders, through lipid mediator-dependent or -independent processes in given microenvironments. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the roles of sPLA2s in various immune responses and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - K Yamamoto
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y Miki
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Murase
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Sato
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Murase R, Sato H, Yamamoto K, Ushida A, Nishito Y, Ikeda K, Kobayashi T, Yamamoto T, Taketomi Y, Murakami M. Group X Secreted Phospholipase A2 Releases ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Suppresses Colitis, and Promotes Sperm Fertility. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6895-911. [PMID: 26828067 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.715672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the secreted phospholipase A2(sPLA2) family, group X sPLA2(sPLA2-X) has the highest capacity to hydrolyze cellular membranes and has long been thought to promote inflammation by releasing arachidonic acid, a precursor of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. Unexpectedly, we found that transgenic mice globally overexpressing human sPLA2-X (PLA2G10-Tg) displayed striking immunosuppressive and lean phenotypes with lymphopenia and increased M2-like macrophages, accompanied by marked elevation of free ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their metabolites. Studies usingPla2g10-deficient mice revealed that endogenous sPLA2-X, which is highly expressed in the colon epithelium and spermatozoa, mobilized ω3 PUFAs or their metabolites to protect against dextran sulfate-induced colitis and to promote fertilization, respectively. In colitis, sPLA2-X deficiency increased colorectal expression of Th17 cytokines, and ω3 PUFAs attenuated their production by lamina propria cells partly through the fatty acid receptor GPR120. In comparison, cytosolic phospholipase A2(cPLA2α) protects from colitis by mobilizing ω6 arachidonic acid metabolites, including prostaglandin E2 Thus, our results underscore a previously unrecognized role of sPLA2-X as an ω3 PUFA mobilizerin vivo, segregated mobilization of ω3 and ω6 PUFA metabolites by sPLA2-X and cPLA2α, respectively, in protection against colitis, and the novel role of a particular sPLA2-X-driven PUFA in fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Murase
- From the Lipid Metabolism Project and School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | | | | | - Ayako Ushida
- From the Lipid Metabolism Project and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Core Technology and Research Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan, and
| | - Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | | | | | - Makoto Murakami
- From the Lipid Metabolism Project and AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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26
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Abi Nahed R, Martinez G, Escoffier J, Yassine S, Karaouzène T, Hograindleur JP, Turk J, Kokotos G, Ray PF, Bottari S, Lambeau G, Hennebicq S, Arnoult C. Progesterone-induced Acrosome Exocytosis Requires Sequential Involvement of Calcium-independent Phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) and Group X Secreted Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3076-89. [PMID: 26655718 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.677799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity has been shown to be involved in the sperm acrosome reaction (AR), but the molecular identity of PLA2 isoforms has remained elusive. Here, we have tested the role of two intracellular (iPLA2β and cytosolic PLA2α) and one secreted (group X) PLA2s in spontaneous and progesterone (P4)-induced AR by using a set of specific inhibitors and knock-out mice. iPLA2β is critical for spontaneous AR, whereas both iPLA2β and group X secreted PLA2 are involved in P4-induced AR. Cytosolic PLA2α is dispensable in both types of AR. P4-induced AR spreads over 30 min in the mouse, and kinetic analyses suggest the presence of different sperm subpopulations, using distinct PLA2 pathways to achieve AR. At low P4 concentration (2 μm), sperm undergoing early AR (0-5 min post-P4) rely on iPLA2β, whereas sperm undergoing late AR (20-30 min post-P4) rely on group X secreted PLA2. Moreover, the role of PLA2s in AR depends on P4 concentration, with the PLA2s being key actors at low physiological P4 concentrations (≤2 μm) but not at higher P4 concentrations (~10 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Abi Nahed
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, the Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche F-38700, France
| | - Guillaume Martinez
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, the Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche F-38700, France
| | - Jessica Escoffier
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, the Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche F-38700, France
| | - Sandra Yassine
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, the Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche F-38700, France
| | - Thomas Karaouzène
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, the Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche F-38700, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Hograindleur
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, the Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche F-38700, France
| | - John Turk
- the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - George Kokotos
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Pierre F Ray
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, the Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche F-38700, France, the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Unité Fonctionnelle de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Serge Bottari
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, the Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche F-38700, France, the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Plate-forme de Radioanalyse, IBP, CS10217, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- the Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne 06560, France, the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Centre d'AMP-CECOS, CS1021, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Sylviane Hennebicq
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, the Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche F-38700, France, the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Centre d'AMP-CECOS, CS1021, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Christophe Arnoult
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, the Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche F-38700, France,
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27
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Anfuso CD, Olivieri M, Bellanca S, Salmeri M, Motta C, Scalia M, Satriano C, La Vignera S, Burrello N, Caporarello N, Lupo G, Calogero AE. Asthenozoospermia and membrane remodeling enzymes: a new role for phospholipase A2. Andrology 2015; 3:1173-82. [PMID: 26446356 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosholipase A2 (PLA2 ) activity in the seminal plasma and in sperm heads is closely related to sperm motility and male fertility. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of different isoforms of phospholipase in asthenozoospermia. To accomplish this, cPLA2 , phospho-cPLA2 , iPLA2 , and sPLA2 were evaluated by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses in spermatozoa obtained from 22 normozoospermic men and 28 asthenozoospermic patients. We found significant differences in cPLA2 and its phosphorylated/activated form, iPLA2 , and sPLA2 content and distribution in normal and asthenozoospermic patients. cPLA2 was localized in heads, midpieces, and tails of all spermatozoa as constitutive enzyme, less expressed in the tail of spermatozoa with low progressive motility. While active phospho-cPLA2 distribution was homogeneous throughout the cell body of control-donor spermatozoa, lower levels were detected in the tails of asthenozoospermic patients, as opposed to its strong presence in heads. Low immunofluorescence signal for iPLA2 was found in astenozoospermic patients, whereas sPLA2 was significantly lower in the heads of asthenozoospermic patients. Spermatozoa with low progressive motility showed differences both in terms of total specific activity and of intracellular distribution. cPLA2 , iPLA2 , and sPLA2 specific activities correlated positively and in a significantly manner with sperm progressive motility both in normozoospermic men and asthenozoospermic patients. In conclusion, PLA2 s are expressed in different areas of human spermatozoa. Spermatozoa with low motility showed differences in total specific activity and enzyme distributions. We speculated that PLA2 expression and/or different distribution could be potential biomarkers of asthenozoospermia, one of the major causes of male factor infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Olivieri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Bellanca
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Salmeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Motta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Scalia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Satriano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - N Burrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - N Caporarello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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28
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Yamamoto K, Miki Y, Sato M, Taketomi Y, Nishito Y, Taya C, Muramatsu K, Ikeda K, Nakanishi H, Taguchi R, Kambe N, Kabashima K, Lambeau G, Gelb MH, Murakami M. The role of group IIF-secreted phospholipase A2 in epidermal homeostasis and hyperplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1901-19. [PMID: 26438362 PMCID: PMC4612087 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Yamamoto et al. report that PLA2G2F represents a previously unrecognized regulator of skin pathophysiology, and point to this enzyme as a novel drug target for epidermal-hyperplasic diseases. Epidermal lipids are important for skin homeostasis. However, the entire picture of the roles of lipids, particularly nonceramide lipid species, in epidermal biology still remains obscure. Here, we report that PLA2G2F, a functionally orphan-secreted phospholipase A2 expressed in the suprabasal epidermis, regulates skin homeostasis and hyperplasic disorders. Pla2g2f−/− mice had a fragile stratum corneum and were strikingly protected from psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and skin cancer. Conversely, Pla2g2f-overexpressing transgenic mice displayed psoriasis-like epidermal hyperplasia. Primary keratinocytes from Pla2g2f−/− mice showed defective differentiation and activation. PLA2G2F was induced by calcium or IL-22 in keratinocytes and preferentially hydrolyzed ethanolamine plasmalogen-bearing docosahexaenoic acid secreted from keratinocytes to give rise to unique bioactive lipids (i.e., protectin D1 and 9S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) that were distinct from canonical arachidonate metabolites (prostaglandins and leukotrienes). Ethanolamine lysoplasmalogen, a PLA2G2F-derived marker product, rescued defective activation of Pla2g2f−/− keratinocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Our results highlight PLA2G2F as a previously unrecognized regulator of skin pathophysiology and point to this enzyme as a novel drug target for epidermal-hyperplasic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamamoto
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Mariko Sato
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama 350-0394, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Choji Taya
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Muramatsu
- School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama 350-0394, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakanishi
- Research Center for Biosignal, Akita University, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Naotomo Kambe
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Michael H Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) and Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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29
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Ramanadham S, Ali T, Ashley JW, Bone RN, Hancock WD, Lei X. Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 and their roles in biological processes and diseases. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1643-68. [PMID: 26023050 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r058701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the family of phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are the Ca(2+)-independent PLA2s (iPLA2s) and they are designated group VI iPLA2s. In relation to secretory and cytosolic PLA2s, the iPLA2s are more recently described and details of their expression and roles in biological functions are rapidly emerging. The iPLA2s or patatin-like phospholipases (PNPLAs) are intracellular enzymes that do not require Ca(2+) for activity, and contain lipase (GXSXG) and nucleotide-binding (GXGXXG) consensus sequences. Though nine PNPLAs have been recognized, PNPLA8 (membrane-associated iPLA2γ) and PNPLA9 (cytosol-associated iPLA2β) are the most widely studied and understood. The iPLA2s manifest a variety of activities in addition to phospholipase, are ubiquitously expressed, and participate in a multitude of biological processes, including fat catabolism, cell differentiation, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, phospholipid remodeling, cell proliferation, signal transduction, and cell death. As might be expected, increased or decreased expression of iPLA2s can have profound effects on the metabolic state, CNS function, cardiovascular performance, and cell survival; therefore, dysregulation of iPLA2s can be a critical factor in the development of many diseases. This review is aimed at providing a general framework of the current understanding of the iPLA2s and discussion of the potential mechanisms of action of the iPLA2s and related involved lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasanka Ramanadham
- Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Tomader Ali
- Undergraduate Research Office, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jason W Ashley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Robert N Bone
- Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - William D Hancock
- Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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30
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Escoffier J, Navarrete F, Haddad D, Santi CM, Darszon A, Visconti PE. Flow cytometry analysis reveals that only a subpopulation of mouse sperm undergoes hyperpolarization during capacitation. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:121. [PMID: 25855261 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.127266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain fertilizing capacity, mammalian sperm should reside in the female tract for a period of time. The physiological changes that render the sperm able to fertilize are known as capacitation. Capacitation is associated with an increase in intracellular pH, an increase in intracellular calcium, and phosphorylation of different proteins. This process is also accompanied by the hyperpolarization of the sperm plasma membrane potential (Em). In the present work, we used flow cytometry to analyze changes in sperm Em during capacitation in individual cells. Our results indicate that a subpopulation of hyperpolarized mouse sperm can be clearly distinguished by sperm flow cytometry analysis. Using sperm bearing green fluorescent protein in their acrosomes, we found that this hyperpolarized subpopulation is composed of sperm with intact acrosomes. In addition, we show that the capacitation-associated hyperpolarization is blocked by high extracellular K(+), by PKA inhibitors, and by SLO3 inhibitors in CD1 mouse sperm, and undetectable in Slo3 knockout mouse sperm. On the other hand, in sperm incubated in conditions that do not support capacitation, sperm membrane hyperpolarization can be induced by amiloride, high extracellular NaHCO3, and cAMP agonists. Altogether, our observations are consistent with a model in which sperm Em hyperpolarization is downstream of a cAMP-dependent pathway and is mediated by the activation of SLO3 K(+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Escoffier
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Integrated Sciences Building, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Felipe Navarrete
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Integrated Sciences Building, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Doug Haddad
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Integrated Sciences Building, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Celia M Santi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology. Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alberto Darszon
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Pablo E Visconti
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Integrated Sciences Building, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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31
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Murakami M, Sato H, Miki Y, Yamamoto K, Taketomi Y. A new era of secreted phospholipase A₂. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1248-61. [PMID: 25805806 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r058123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among more than 30 members of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily, secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) enzymes represent the largest family, being Ca(2+)-dependent low-molecular-weight enzymes with a His-Asp catalytic dyad. Individual sPLA2s exhibit unique tissue and cellular distributions and enzymatic properties, suggesting their distinct biological roles. Recent studies using transgenic and knockout mice for nearly a full set of sPLA2 subtypes, in combination with sophisticated lipidomics as well as biochemical and cell biological studies, have revealed distinct contributions of individual sPLA2s to various pathophysiological events, including production of pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, regulation of membrane remodeling, degradation of foreign phospholipids in microbes or food, or modification of extracellular noncellular lipid components. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the in vivo functions of sPLA2s and the underlying lipid pathways as revealed by a series of studies over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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32
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Yamane T, Shimizu T, Takahashi-Niki K, Takekoshi Y, Iguchi-Ariga SMM, Ariga H. Deficiency of spermatogenesis and reduced expression of spermatogenesis-related genes in prefoldin 5-mutant mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 1:52-61. [PMID: 29124133 PMCID: PMC5668561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MM-1α is a c-Myc-binding protein and acts as a transcriptional co-repressor in the nucleus. MM-1α is also PDF5, a subunit of prefoldin that is chaperon comprised of six subunits and prevents misfolding of newly synthesized nascent polypeptides. Prefoldin also plays a role in quality control against protein aggregation. It has been reported that mice harboring the missense mutation L110R of MM-1α/PFD5 exhibit neurodegeneration in the cerebellum and also male infertility, but the phenotype of infertility has not been fully characterized. In this study, we first analyzed morphology of the testis and epididymis of L110R of MM-1α mice. During differentiation of spermatogenesis, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids were formed, but formation of elongated spermatids was compromised in L110R MM-1α mice. Furthermore, reduced number/concentration of sperm in the epididymis was observed. MM-1α was strongly expressed in the round spermatids and sperms with round spermatids, suggesting that MM-1α affects the differentiation and maturation of germ cells. Changes in expression levels of spermatogenesis-related genes in mice testes were then examined. The fatty-acid-binding protein (fabp4) gene was up-regulated and three genes, including sperm-associated glutamate (E)-rich protein 4d (speer-4d), phospholipase A2-Group 3 (pla2g3) and phospholipase A2-Group 10 (pla2g10), were down-regulated in L110R MM-1α mice. L110R MM-1α and wild-type MM-1α bound to regions of up-regulated and down-regulated genes, respectively. Since these gene products are known to play a role in maturation and motility of sperm, a defect of at least MM-1α transcriptional activity is thought to induce expressional changes of these genes, resulting in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamane
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kazuko Takahashi-Niki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuka Takekoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyoshi Ariga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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33
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Protein profile and functionality of spermatozoa from two semen collection methods in Bali bulls. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Rousseau M, Belleannee C, Duchez AC, Cloutier N, Levesque T, Jacques F, Perron J, Nigrovic PA, Dieude M, Hebert MJ, Gelb MH, Boilard E. Detection and quantification of microparticles from different cellular lineages using flow cytometry. Evaluation of the impact of secreted phospholipase A2 on microparticle assessment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116812. [PMID: 25587983 PMCID: PMC4294685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles, also called microvesicles, are submicron extracellular vesicles produced by plasma membrane budding and shedding recognized as key actors in numerous physio(patho)logical processes. Since they can be released by virtually any cell lineages and are retrieved in biological fluids, microparticles appear as potent biomarkers. However, the small dimensions of microparticles and soluble factors present in body fluids can considerably impede their quantification. Here, flow cytometry with improved methodology for microparticle resolution was used to detect microparticles of human and mouse species generated from platelets, red blood cells, endothelial cells, apoptotic thymocytes and cells from the male reproductive tract. A family of soluble proteins, the secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2), comprises enzymes concomitantly expressed with microparticles in biological fluids and that catalyze the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids. As sPLA2 can hydrolyze phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid frequently used to assess microparticles, and might even clear microparticles, we further considered the impact of relevant sPLA2 enzymes, sPLA2 group IIA, V and X, on microparticle quantification. We observed that if enriched in fluids, certain sPLA2 enzymes impair the quantification of microparticles depending on the species studied, the source of microparticles and the means of detection employed (surface phosphatidylserine or protein antigen detection). This study provides analytical considerations for appropriate interpretation of microparticle cytofluorometric measurements in biological samples containing sPLA2 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Rousseau
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Clemence Belleannee
- Centre de Recherche du CHUQ and Département d’Obstétrique-Gynécologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Claire Duchez
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Cloutier
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Tania Levesque
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jean Perron
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter A. Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Melanie Dieude
- Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josee Hebert
- Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael H. Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Abi Nahed R, Escoffier J, Revel C, Jeammet L, Payré C, Ray PF, Hennebicq S, Lambeau G, Arnoult C. The effect of group X secreted phospholipase A2 on fertilization outcome is specific and not mimicked by other secreted phospholipases A2 or progesterone. Biochimie 2014; 99:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kelvin AA, Degousee N, Banner D, Stefanski E, Leόn AJ, Angoulvant D, Paquette SG, Huang SSH, Danesh A, Robbins CS, Noyan H, Husain M, Lambeau G, Gelb M, Kelvin DJ, Rubin BB. Lack of group X secreted phospholipase A₂ increases survival following pandemic H1N1 influenza infection. Virology 2014; 454-455:78-92. [PMID: 24725934 PMCID: PMC4106042 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of Group X secreted phospholipase A2 (GX-sPLA2) during influenza infection has not been previously investigated. We examined the role of GX-sPLA2 during H1N1 pandemic influenza infection in a GX-sPLA2 gene targeted mouse (GX(-/-)) model and found that survival after infection was significantly greater in GX(-/-) mice than in GX(+/+) mice. Downstream products of GX-sPLA2 activity, PGD2, PGE2, LTB4, cysteinyl leukotrienes and Lipoxin A4 were significantly lower in GX(-/-) mice BAL fluid. Lung microarray analysis identified an earlier and more robust induction of T and B cell associated genes in GX(-/-) mice. Based on the central role of sPLA2 enzymes as key initiators of inflammatory processes, we propose that activation of GX-sPLA2 during H1N1pdm infection is an early step of pulmonary inflammation and its inhibition increases adaptive immunity and improves survival. Our findings suggest that GX-sPLA2 may be a potential therapeutic target during influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norbert Degousee
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Banner
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Stefanski
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto J Leόn
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- Division of Cardiology, Trousseau Hospital, Tours University Hospital Center and EA 4245, Francois Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane G Paquette
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen S H Huang
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Danesh
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 2-Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hossein Noyan
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerard Lambeau
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 CNRS and Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Michael Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David J Kelvin
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita׳ degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Barry B Rubin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Asano A, Nelson-Harrington JL, Travis AJ. Phospholipase B is activated in response to sterol removal and stimulates acrosome exocytosis in murine sperm. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28104-15. [PMID: 23943622 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.450981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a strict requirement for sterol removal for sperm to undergo acrosome exocytosis (AE), the mechanisms by which changes in membrane sterols are transduced into changes in sperm fertilization competence are poorly understood. We have previously shown in live murine sperm that the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome (APM) contains several types of microdomains known as membrane rafts. When characterizing the membrane raft-associated proteomes, we identified phospholipase B (PLB), a calcium-independent enzyme exhibiting multiple activities. Here, we show that sperm surface PLB is activated in response to sterol removal. Both biochemical activity assays and immunoblots of subcellular fractions of sperm incubated with the sterol acceptor 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-OHCD) confirmed the release of an active PLB fragment. Specific protease inhibitors prevented PLB activation, revealing a mechanistic requirement for proteolytic cleavage. Competitive inhibitors of PLB reduced the ability of sperm both to undergo AE and to fertilize oocytes in vitro, suggesting an important role in fertilization. This was reinforced by our finding that incubation either with protein concentrate released from 2-OHCD-treated sperm or with recombinant PLB peptide corresponding to the catalytic domain was able to induce AE in the absence of other stimuli. Together, these results lead us to propose a novel mechanism by which sterol removal promotes membrane fusogenicity and AE, helping confer fertilization competence. Importantly, this mechanism provides a basis for the newly emerging model of AE in which membrane fusions occur during capacitation/transit through the cumulus, prior to any physical contact between the sperm and the oocyte's zona pellucida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Asano
- From the Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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O'Bryan MK, Clark BJ, McLaughlin EA, D'Sylva RJ, O'Donnell L, Wilce JA, Sutherland J, O'Connor AE, Whittle B, Goodnow CC, Ormandy CJ, Jamsai D. RBM5 is a male germ cell splicing factor and is required for spermatid differentiation and male fertility. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003628. [PMID: 23935508 PMCID: PMC3723494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is common in mammalian cells and enables the production of multiple gene products from a single gene, thus increasing transcriptome and proteome diversity. Disturbance of splicing regulation is associated with many human diseases; however, key splicing factors that control tissue-specific alternative splicing remain largely undefined. In an unbiased genetic screen for essential male fertility genes in the mouse, we identified the RNA binding protein RBM5 (RNA binding motif 5) as an essential regulator of haploid male germ cell pre-mRNA splicing and fertility. Mice carrying a missense mutation (R263P) in the second RNA recognition motif (RRM) of RBM5 exhibited spermatid differentiation arrest, germ cell sloughing and apoptosis, which ultimately led to azoospermia (no sperm in the ejaculate) and male sterility. Molecular modelling suggested that the R263P mutation resulted in compromised mRNA binding. Within the adult mouse testis, RBM5 localises to somatic and germ cells including spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids. Through the use of RNA pull down coupled with microarrays, we identified 11 round spermatid-expressed mRNAs as putative RBM5 targets. Importantly, the R263P mutation affected pre-mRNA splicing and resulted in a shift in the isoform ratios, or the production of novel spliced transcripts, of most targets. Microarray analysis of isolated round spermatids suggests that altered splicing of RBM5 target pre-mRNAs affected expression of genes in several pathways, including those implicated in germ cell adhesion, spermatid head shaping, and acrosome and tail formation. In summary, our findings reveal a critical role for RBM5 as a pre-mRNA splicing regulator in round spermatids and male fertility. Our findings also suggest that the second RRM of RBM5 is pivotal for appropriate pre-mRNA splicing. The production of functional spermatozoa is an extraordinarily complex process that transforms a conventional round cell into the highly specialised sperm cell. These events require the coordinated activation of thousands of genes. It is likely that this complexity contributes to the large number of idiopathic infertility cases seen in humans. In an effort to improve the field's understanding of male fertility, we used a random mutagenesis screen to produce the Joey mouse line and to conclusively define RBM5 as an essential regulator of male fertility. The Joey line carries a mutation in the Rbm5 gene, which leads to a complete block of spermatid (haploid male germ cell) differentiation and ultimately a total loss of sperm production. Our results reveal a physiological role for RBM5 in the splicing of several spermatid-expressed mRNAs that are critical for the production of spermatozoa. This study is the first to show that RBM5, via its effects on mRNA splicing in the testis, is required for male fertility. These data improve our understanding of the regulatory networks of gene expression that control sperm production and as such may lead to the development of novel approaches to enhance or suppress fertility in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira K. O'Bryan
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology & Development, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brett J. Clark
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eileen A. McLaughlin
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Priority Research Centre in Chemical Biology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rebecca J. D'Sylva
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liza O'Donnell
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Prince Henry's Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacqueline A. Wilce
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessie Sutherland
- Priority Research Centre in Chemical Biology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Anne E. O'Connor
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology & Development, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Belinda Whittle
- Australian Phenomics Facility, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | - Duangporn Jamsai
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology & Development, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Miki Y, Yamamoto K, Taketomi Y, Sato H, Shimo K, Kobayashi T, Ishikawa Y, Ishii T, Nakanishi H, Ikeda K, Taguchi R, Kabashima K, Arita M, Arai H, Lambeau G, Bollinger JM, Hara S, Gelb MH, Murakami M. Lymphoid tissue phospholipase A2 group IID resolves contact hypersensitivity by driving antiinflammatory lipid mediators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1217-34. [PMID: 23690440 PMCID: PMC3674707 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PLA2G2D ameliorates skin inflammation through mobilizing pro-resolving lipid mediators. Resolution of inflammation is an active process that is mediated in part by antiinflammatory lipid mediators. Although phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes have been implicated in the promotion of inflammation through mobilizing lipid mediators, the molecular entity of PLA2 subtypes acting upstream of antiinflammatory lipid mediators remains unknown. Herein, we show that secreted PLA2 group IID (PLA2G2D) is preferentially expressed in CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages and displays a pro-resolving function. In hapten-induced contact dermatitis, resolution, not propagation, of inflammation was compromised in skin and LNs of PLA2G2D-deficient mice (Pla2g2d−/−), in which the immune balance was shifted toward a proinflammatory state over an antiinflammatory state. Bone marrow-derived DCs from Pla2g2d−/− mice were hyperactivated and elicited skin inflammation after intravenous transfer into mice. Lipidomics analysis revealed that PLA2G2D in the LNs contributed to mobilization of a pool of polyunsaturated fatty acids that could serve as precursors for antiinflammatory/pro-resolving lipid mediators such as resolvin D1 and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2, which reduced Th1 cytokine production and surface MHC class II expression in LN cells or DCs. Altogether, our results highlight PLA2G2D as a “resolving sPLA2” that ameliorates inflammation through mobilizing pro-resolving lipid mediators and points to a potential use of this enzyme for treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Miki
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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40
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Emerging roles of secreted phospholipase A2 enzymes: An update. Biochimie 2013; 95:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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41
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Point V, Bénarouche A, Jemel I, Parsiegla G, Lambeau G, Carrière F, Cavalier JF. Effects of the propeptide of group X secreted phospholipase A2 on substrate specificity and interfacial activity on phospholipid monolayers. Biochimie 2013; 95:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Meslin C, Mugnier S, Callebaut I, Laurin M, Pascal G, Poupon A, Goudet G, Monget P. Evolution of genes involved in gamete interaction: evidence for positive selection, duplications and losses in vertebrates. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44548. [PMID: 22957080 PMCID: PMC3434135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding proteins involved in sperm-egg interaction and fertilization exhibit a particularly fast evolution and may participate in prezygotic species isolation [1], [2]. Some of them (ZP3, ADAM1, ADAM2, ACR and CD9) have individually been shown to evolve under positive selection [3], [4], suggesting a role of positive Darwinian selection on sperm-egg interaction. However, the genes involved in this biological function have not been systematically and exhaustively studied with an evolutionary perspective, in particular across vertebrates with internal and external fertilization. Here we show that 33 genes among the 69 that have been experimentally shown to be involved in fertilization in at least one taxon in vertebrates are under positive selection. Moreover, we identified 17 pseudogenes and 39 genes that have at least one duplicate in one species. For 15 genes, we found neither positive selection, nor gene copies or pseudogenes. Genes of teleosts, especially genes involved in sperm-oolemma fusion, appear to be more frequently under positive selection than genes of birds and eutherians. In contrast, pseudogenization, gene loss and gene gain are more frequent in eutherians. Thus, each of the 19 studied vertebrate species exhibits a unique signature characterized by gene gain and loss, as well as position of amino acids under positive selection. Reflecting these clade-specific signatures, teleosts and eutherian mammals are recovered as clades in a parsimony analysis. Interestingly the same analysis places Xenopus apart from teleosts, with which it shares the primitive external fertilization, and locates it along with amniotes (which share internal fertilization), suggesting that external or internal environmental conditions of germ cell interaction may not be the unique factors that drive the evolution of fertilization genes. Our work should improve our understanding of the fertilization process and on the establishment of reproductive barriers, for example by offering new leads for experiments on genes identified as positively selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Meslin
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRS, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sylvie Mugnier
- Département Agronomie Agro-équipement Élevage Environnement, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Michel Laurin
- UMR 7207, CNRS/MNHN/UPMC, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Pascal
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRS, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRS, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ghylène Goudet
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRS, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Monget
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRS, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
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Arnoult C, Escoffier J, Munch L, Pierre V, Hennebicq S, Lambeau G, Ray P. Les phospholipases, enzymes clés de la physiologie spermatique. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:512-8. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012285016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Escoffier J, Krapf D, Navarrete F, Darszon A, Visconti PE. Flow cytometry analysis reveals a decrease in intracellular sodium during sperm capacitation. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:473-85. [PMID: 22302997 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.093344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sperm require time in the female tract in order to be able to fertilize an egg. The physiological changes that render the sperm able to fertilize are known as capacitation. Capacitation is associated with an increase in intracellular pH, an increase in intracellular calcium and phosphorylation of different proteins. This process is also accompanied by the hyperpolarization of the sperm plasma membrane potential. Recently, we presented evidence showing that epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC) are present in mature sperm and that ENaCs are blocked during capacitation. In the present work, we used flow cytometry to analyze changes in intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+](i)) during capacitation in individual cells. Our results indicate that capacitated sperm have lower Na+ concentrations. Using sperm with green fluorescent protein in their acrosomes, it was shown that the lower [Na+](i) concentration only occurs in sperm having intact acrosomes. ENaC inhibition has been shown in other cell types to depend on the activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). In non-capacitated sperm, amiloride, an ENaC inhibitor, and genistein, a CFTR activator, caused a decrease in [Na+](i), suggesting that also in these cells [Na+](i) is dependent on the crosstalk between ENaC and CFTR. In addition, PKA inhibition blocked [Na+](i) decrease in capacitated sperm. Altogether, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that the capacitation-associated hyperpolarization involves a decrease in [Na+](i) mediated by inhibition of ENaC and regulated by PKA through activation of CFTR channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Escoffier
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Integrated Sciences Building, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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45
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Abstract
Phospholipids are present in all living organisms. They are a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids and cholesterol. Enzymes aimed at cleaving the various bonds in phospholipids, namely phospholipases, are consequently widespread in nature, playing very diverse roles from aggression in snake venom to signal transduction, lipid mediators production, and digestion in humans. Although all phospholipases target phospholipids as substrates, they vary in the site of action on the phospholipids molecules, physiological function, mode of action, and their regulation. Significant studies on phospholipases characterization, physiological role, and industrial potential have been conducted worldwide. Some of them have been directed for biotechnological advances, such as gene discovery and functional enhancement by protein engineering. Others reported phospholipases as virulence factors and major causes of pathophysiological effects. In this introductory chapter, we provide brief details of different phospholipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aloulou
- National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Group IVA phospholipase A2 regulates testosterone biosynthesis by murine Leydig cells and is required for timely sexual maturation. Biochem J 2011; 439:403-11. [PMID: 21762109 DOI: 10.1042/bj20102167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, we report that PLA2G4A (Group IVA phospholipase A2) is important in the development and function of rodent testes. Interstitial cells of rat testes had high PLA2 (phospholipase A2) activity that was very sensitive to the PLA2G4A-preferential inhibitor AACOCF3 (arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone). PLA2G4A protein was expressed primarily in the interstitial cells of wild-type mouse testes throughout maturation. Although Pla2g4a knockout (Pla2g4a-/-) male mice are fertile, their sexual maturation was delayed, as indicated by cauda epididymal sperm count and seminal vesicle development. Delayed function of Pla2g4a-/- mice testes was associated with histological abnormalities including disorganized architecture, swollen appearance and fewer interstitial cells. Basal secretion of testosterone was attenuated significantly and steroidogenic response to hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) treatment was reduced in Pla2g4a-/- mice compared with their Pla2g4a+/+ littermates during the sexual maturation period. Chemical inhibition of PLA2G4A activity by AACOCF3 or pyrrophenone significantly reduced hCG-stimulated testosterone production in cultured rat interstitial cells. AACOCF3 inhibited forskolin- and cAMP analogue-stimulated testosterone production. These results provide the first evidence that PLA2G4A plays a role in male testes physiology and development. These results may have implications for the potential clinical use of PLA2G4A inhibitors.
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Escoffier J, Pierre VJ, Jemel I, Munch L, Boudhraa Z, Ray PF, De Waard M, Lambeau G, Arnoult C. Group X secreted phospholipase A₂ specifically decreases sperm motility in mice. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2601-9. [PMID: 21792918 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Different mammalian secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2) s) are expressed in male reproductive organs and/or in sperm cells but their cellular functions are still not fully characterized. Because several reports indicate a link between cellular lipids and sperm motility, we have investigated the effect of mouse group IIA, IID, IIE, V, and X sPLA(2) s on sperm motility. Among these enzymes, only mouse group X sPLA(2) (mGX sPLA(2) ) acts as a potent inhibitor of sperm motility that decreases track speed (VCL) and lateral displacement of the head (ALH) of both noncapacitated and capacitated sperm. The inhibitory effect of mGX sPLA(2) is dependent on its enzymatic activity because (i) both the proenzyme form of mGX sPLA(2) (pro-mGX) and the H48Q mutant of mGX sPLA(2) have very weak enzymatic activity and are unable to modulate sperm motility and (ii) LY329722, a specific inhibitor of sPLA(2) s, blocks the inhibitory effect of mGX sPLA(2) . Moreover, mGX sPLA(2) exerts a gradual potency on sperm subpopulations with different velocities, an effect which may be linked to the heterogeneity of lipid composition in these sperm subpopulations. Finally, we found that endogenous mGX sPLA(2) released during spontaneous acrosome reaction modulates sperm motility of capacitated sperm. Together, our results suggest a new role of sPLA(2) in sperm physiology where the sPLA2 selects a sperm subpopulation for fertilization based on its effect on sperm motility.
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48
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Jemel I, Ii H, Oslund RC, Payré C, Dabert-Gay AS, Douguet D, Chargui K, Scarzello S, Gelb MH, Lambeau G. Group X secreted phospholipase A2 proenzyme is matured by a furin-like proprotein convertase and releases arachidonic acid inside of human HEK293 cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:36509-21. [PMID: 21878635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.268540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Among mammalian secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s), group X sPLA(2) has the most potent hydrolyzing activity toward phosphatidylcholine and is involved in arachidonic acid (AA) release. Group X sPLA(2) is produced as a proenzyme and contains a short propeptide of 11 amino acids ending with a dibasic motif, suggesting cleavage by proprotein convertases. Although the removal of this propeptide is clearly required for enzymatic activity, the cellular location and the protease(s) involved in proenzyme conversion are unknown. Here we have analyzed the maturation of group X sPLA(2) in HEK293 cells, which have been extensively used to analyze sPLA(2)-induced AA release. Using recombinant mouse (PromGX) and human (ProhGX) proenzymes; HEK293 cells transfected with cDNAs coding for full-length ProhGX, PromGX, and propeptide mutants; and various permeable and non-permeable sPLA(2) inhibitors and protease inhibitors, we demonstrate that group X sPLA(2) is mainly converted intracellularly and releases AA before externalization from the cell. Most strikingly, the exogenous proenzyme does not elicit AA release, whereas the transfected proenzyme does elicit AA release in a way insensitive to non-permeable sPLA(2) inhibitors. In transfected cells, a permeable proprotein convertase inhibitor, but not a non-permeable one, prevents group X sPLA(2) maturation and partially blocks AA release. Mutations at the dibasic motif of the propeptide indicate that the last basic residue is required and sufficient for efficient maturation and AA release. All together, these results argue for the intracellular maturation of group X proenzyme in HEK293 cells by a furin-like proprotein convertase, leading to intracellular release of AA during secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Jemel
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR6097, CNRS et Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
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Murakami M, Taketomi Y, Sato H, Yamamoto K. Secreted phospholipase A2 revisited. J Biochem 2011; 150:233-55. [PMID: 21746768 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvr088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) catalyses the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to yield fatty acids and lysophospholipids. So far, more than 30 enzymes that possess PLA(2) or related activity have been identified in mammals. About one third of these enzymes belong to the secreted PLA(2) (sPLA(2)) family, which comprises low molecular weight, Ca(2+) requiring, secreted enzymes with a His/Asp catalytic dyad. Individual sPLA(2)s display distinct localizations and enzymatic properties, suggesting their specialized biological roles. However, in contrast to intracellular PLA(2)s, whose roles in signal transduction and membrane homoeostasis have been well documented, the biological roles of sPLA(2)s in vivo have remained obscure until recently. Over the past decade, information fuelled by studies employing knockout and transgenic mice as well as specific inhibitors, in combination with lipidomics, has clarified when and where the different sPLA(2) isoforms are expressed, which isoforms are involved in what types of pathophysiology, and how they exhibit their specific functions. In this review, we highlight recent advances in PLA(2) research, focusing mainly on the physiological functions of sPLA(2)s and their modes of action on 'extracellular' phospholipid targets versus lipid mediator production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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Sato H, Isogai Y, Masuda S, Taketomi Y, Miki Y, Kamei D, Hara S, Kobayashi T, Ishikawa Y, Ishii T, Ikeda K, Taguchi R, Ishimoto Y, Suzuki N, Yokota Y, Hanasaki K, Suzuki-Yamamoto T, Yamamoto K, Murakami M. Physiological roles of group X-secreted phospholipase A2 in reproduction, gastrointestinal phospholipid digestion, and neuronal function. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:11632-48. [PMID: 21266581 PMCID: PMC3064216 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.206755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the secreted phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) family has been generally thought to participate in pathologic events such as inflammation and atherosclerosis, relatively high and constitutive expression of group X sPLA(2) (sPLA(2)-X) in restricted sites such as reproductive organs, the gastrointestinal tract, and peripheral neurons raises a question as to the roles played by this enzyme in the physiology of reproduction, digestion, and the nervous system. Herein we used mice with gene disruption or transgenic overexpression of sPLA(2)-X to clarify the homeostatic functions of this enzyme at these locations. Our results suggest that sPLA(2)-X regulates 1) the fertility of spermatozoa, not oocytes, beyond the step of flagellar motility, 2) gastrointestinal phospholipid digestion, perturbation of which is eventually linked to delayed onset of a lean phenotype with reduced adiposity, decreased plasma leptin, and improved muscle insulin tolerance, and 3) neuritogenesis of dorsal root ganglia and the duration of peripheral pain nociception. Thus, besides its inflammatory action proposed previously, sPLA(2)-X participates in physiologic processes including male fertility, gastrointestinal phospholipid digestion linked to adiposity, and neuronal outgrowth and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Sato
- From the Lipid Metabolism Project, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 256-8506
- the Department of Health Chemistry, School of Pharceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555
| | - Yuki Isogai
- From the Lipid Metabolism Project, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 256-8506
- the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610
| | - Seiko Masuda
- From the Lipid Metabolism Project, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 256-8506
- the Department of Health Chemistry, School of Pharceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- From the Lipid Metabolism Project, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 256-8506
- the Department of Health Chemistry, School of Pharceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- From the Lipid Metabolism Project, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 256-8506
- the Department of Health Chemistry, School of Pharceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555
| | - Daisuke Kamei
- the Department of Health Chemistry, School of Pharceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555
| | - Shuntaro Hara
- the Department of Health Chemistry, School of Pharceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555
| | - Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
- the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610
| | - Yukio Ishikawa
- the Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 143-8540
| | - Toshiharu Ishii
- the Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 143-8540
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- the Department of Metabolome, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033
- the Department of Neutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Kuboki 111, Souja, Okayama 719-1197, and
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- the Department of Metabolome, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033
- CREST and
| | - Yoshikazu Ishimoto
- Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Company Ltd, 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825
| | - Noriko Suzuki
- Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Company Ltd, 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825
| | - Yasunori Yokota
- Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Company Ltd, 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825
| | - Kohji Hanasaki
- Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Company Ltd, 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825
| | - Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto
- the Department of Neutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Kuboki 111, Souja, Okayama 719-1197, and
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- From the Lipid Metabolism Project, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 256-8506
| | - Makoto Murakami
- From the Lipid Metabolism Project, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 256-8506
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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