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Patinho I, Antonelo DS, Delgado EF, Alessandroni L, Balieiro JCC, Contreras Castillo CJ, Gagaoua M. In-depth exploration of the high and normal pH beef proteome: First insights emphasizing the dynamic protein changes in Longissimus thoracis muscle from pasture-finished Nellore bulls over different postmortem times. Meat Sci 2024; 216:109557. [PMID: 38852285 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate for the first time the temporal dynamic changes in early postmortem proteome of normal and high ultimate pH (pHu) beef samples from the same cattle using a shotgun proteomics approach. Ten selected carcasses classified as normal (pHu < 5.8; n = 5) or high (pHu ≥ 6.2; n = 5) pHu beef from pasture-finished Nellore (Bos taurus indicus) bulls were sampled from Longissimus thoracis muscle at 30 min, 9 h and 44 h postmortem for proteome comparison. The temporal proteomics profiling quantified 863 proteins, from which 251 were differentially abundant (DAPs) between high and normal pHu at 30 min (n = 33), 9 h (n = 181) and 44 h (n = 37). Among the myriad interconnected pathways regulating pH decline during postmortem metabolism, this study revealed the pivotal role of energy metabolism, cellular response to stress, oxidoreductase activity and muscle system process pathways throughout the early postmortem. Twenty-three proteins overlap among postmortem times and may be suggested as candidate biomarkers to the dark-cutting condition development. The study further evidenced for the first time the central role of ribosomal proteins and histones in the first minutes after animal bleeding. Moreover, this study revealed the disparity in the mechanisms underpinning the development of dark-cutting beef condition among postmortem times, emphasizing multiple dynamic changes in the muscle proteome. Therefore, this study revealed important insights regarding the temporal dynamic changes that occur in early postmortem of high and normal muscle pHu beef, proposing specific pathways to determine the biological mechanisms behind dark-cutting determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliani Patinho
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Antonelo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Delgado
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Laura Alessandroni
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Júlio C C Balieiro
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Carmen J Contreras Castillo
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
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2
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Ye Q, Henrickson A, Demeler B, Serrão VHB, Davies PL. Human calpain-3 and its structural plasticity: dissociation of a homohexamer into dimers on binding titin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582628. [PMID: 38464089 PMCID: PMC10925265 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Calpain-3 is an intracellular Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease abundant in skeletal muscle. Its physiological role in the sarcomere is thought to include removing damaged muscle proteins after exercise. Loss-of-function mutations in its single-copy gene cause a dystrophy of the limb-girdle muscles. These mutations, of which there are over 500 in humans, are spread all along this 94-kDa multi-domain protein that includes three 40+-residue sequences (NS, IS1, and IS2). The latter sequences are unique to this calpain isoform and are hypersensitive to proteolysis. To investigate the whole enzyme structure and how mutations might affect its activity, we produce the proteolytically more stable 85-kDa calpain-3 ΔNS ΔIS1 form with a C129A inactivating mutation as a recombinant protein in E. coli. During size-exclusion chromatography, this calpain-3 was consistently eluted as a much larger 0.5-MDa complex rather than the expected 170-kDa dimer. Its size, which was confirmed by SEC-MALS, Blue Native PAGE, and AUC, made the complex amenable to single-particle cryo-EM analysis. From two data sets, we obtained a 3.85-Å reconstruction map that shows the complex is a trimer of calpain-3 dimers with six penta-EF-hand domains at its core. Calpain-3 has been reported to bind the N2A region of the giant muscle protein titin. When this 37-kDa region of titin was co-expressed with calpain-3 the multimer was reduced to a 320-kDa particle, which appears to be the calpain dimer bound to several copies of the titin fragment. We suggest that newly synthesized calpain-3 is kept as an inactive hexamer until it binds the N2A region of titin in the sarcomere, whereupon it dissociates into functional dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilu Ye
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Amy Henrickson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Vitor Hugo Balasco Serrão
- Biomolecular Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility, University of California - Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, United States
| | - Peter L Davies
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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3
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Ojima K, Hata S, Shinkai-Ouchi F, Ono Y, Muroya S. Calpain-3 not only proteolyzes calpain-1 and -2 but also is a substrate for calpain-1 and -2. J Biochem 2023; 174:421-431. [PMID: 37491733 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpain is an intracellular cysteine protease that cleaves its specific substrates in a limited region to modulate cellular function. Calpain-1 (C1) and calpain-2 (C2) are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, but calpain-3 (C3) is a skeletal muscle-specific type. In the course of calpain activation, the N-terminal regions of all three isoforms are clipped off in an intramolecular or intermolecular fashion. C1 proteolyzes C2 to promote further proteolysis, but C2 proteolyzes C1 to suspend C1 proteolysis, indicating the presence of C1-C2 reciprocal proteolysis. However, whether C3 is involved in the calpain proteolysis network is unclear. To address this, we examined whether GFP-tagged C3:C129S (GFP-C3:CS), an inactive protease form of C3, was a substrate for C1 or C2 in HEK cells. Intriguingly, the N-terminal region of C3:CS was cleaved by C1 and C2 at the site identical to that of the C3 autoproteolysis site. Furthermore, the N-terminal clipping of C3:CS by C1 and C2 was observed in mouse skeletal muscle lysates. Meanwhile, C3 preferentially cleaved the N-terminus of C1 over that of C2, and the sizes of these cleaved proteins were identical to their autoproteolysis forms. Our findings suggest an elaborate inter-calpain network to prime and suppress proteolysis of other calpains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Shoji Hata
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagayaku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Fumiko Shinkai-Ouchi
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagayaku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagayaku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Susumu Muroya
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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4
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Deane CS, Phillips BE, Willis CRG, Wilkinson DJ, Smith K, Higashitani N, Williams JP, Szewczyk NJ, Atherton PJ, Higashitani A, Etheridge T. Proteomic features of skeletal muscle adaptation to resistance exercise training as a function of age. GeroScience 2022:10.1007/s11357-022-00658-5. [PMID: 36161583 PMCID: PMC10400508 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise training (RET) can counteract negative features of muscle ageing but older age associates with reduced adaptive capacity to RET. Altered muscle protein networks likely contribute to ageing RET adaptation; therefore, associated proteome-wide responses warrant exploration. We employed quantitative sarcoplasmic proteomics to compare age-related proteome and phosphoproteome responses to RET. Thigh muscle biopsies were collected from eight young (25 ± 1.1 years) and eight older (67.5 ± 2.6 years) adults before and after 20 weeks supervised RET. Muscle sarcoplasmic fractions were pooled for each condition and analysed using Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) labelling, tandem mass spectrometry and network-based hub protein identification. Older adults displayed impaired RET-induced adaptations in whole-body lean mass, body fat percentage and thigh lean mass (P > 0.05). iTRAQ identified 73 differentially expressed proteins with age and/or RET. Despite possible proteomic stochasticity, RET improved ageing profiles for mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism (top hub; PYK (pyruvate kinase)) but failed to correct altered ageing expression of cytoskeletal proteins (top hub; YWHAZ (14-3-3 protein zeta/delta)). These ageing RET proteomic profiles were generally unchanged or oppositely regulated post-RET in younger muscle. Similarly, RET corrected expression of 10 phosphoproteins altered in ageing, but these responses were again different vs. younger adults. Older muscle is characterised by RET-induced metabolic protein profiles that, whilst not present in younger muscle, improve untrained age-related proteomic deficits. Combined with impaired cytoskeletal adhesion responses, these results provide a proteomic framework for understanding and optimising ageing muscle RET adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
- Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- School of Medicine, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Craig R G Willis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- School of Medicine, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Ken Smith
- School of Medicine, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Nahoko Higashitani
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - John P Williams
- School of Medicine, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
- University Hospitals Derby & Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Philip J Atherton
- School of Medicine, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Atsushi Higashitani
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
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5
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Yuan Z, Ge L, Zhang W, Lv X, Wang S, Cao X, Sun W. Preliminary Results about Lamb Meat Tenderness Based on the Study of Novel Isoforms and Alternative Splicing Regulation Pathways Using Iso-seq, RNA-seq and CTCF ChIP-seq Data. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081068. [PMID: 35454655 PMCID: PMC9025809 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenderness is an important indicator of meat quality. Novel isoforms associated with meat tenderness and the role of the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) in regulating alternative splicing to produce isoforms in sheep are largely unknown. The current project studied six sheep from two crossbred populations (Dorper × Hu × Hu, DHH and Dorper × Dorper × Hu, DDH) with divergent meat tenderness. Pooled Iso-seq data were used to annotate the sheep genomes. Then, the updated genome annotation and six RNA-seq data were combined to identify differentially expressed isoforms (DEIs) in muscles between DHH and DDH. These data were also combined with peaks detected from CTCF ChIP-seq data to investigate the regulatory role of CTCF for the alternative splicing. As a result, a total of 624 DEIs were identified between DDH and DHH. For example, isoform 7.524.18 transcribed from CAPN3 may be associated with meat tenderness. In addition, a total of 86 genes were overlapped between genes with transcribed DEIs and genes in differential peaks identified by CTCF ChIP-seq. Among these overlapped genes, ANKRD23 produces different isoforms which may be regulated by CTCF via methylation. As preliminary research, our results identified novel isoforms associated with meat tenderness and revealed the possible regulating mechanisms of alternative splicing to produce isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Ling Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Shanhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xiukai Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
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6
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van der Pijl RJ, Domenighetti AA, Sheikh F, Ehler E, Ottenheijm CAC, Lange S. The titin N2B and N2A regions: biomechanical and metabolic signaling hubs in cross-striated muscles. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:653-677. [PMID: 34745373 PMCID: PMC8553726 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle specific signaling has been shown to originate from myofilaments and their associated cellular structures, including the sarcomeres, costameres or the cardiac intercalated disc. Two signaling hubs that play important biomechanical roles for cardiac and/or skeletal muscle physiology are the N2B and N2A regions in the giant protein titin. Prominent proteins associated with these regions in titin are chaperones Hsp90 and αB-crystallin, members of the four-and-a-half LIM (FHL) and muscle ankyrin repeat protein (Ankrd) families, as well as thin filament-associated proteins, such as myopalladin. This review highlights biological roles and properties of the titin N2B and N2A regions in health and disease. Special emphasis is placed on functions of Ankrd and FHL proteins as mechanosensors that modulate muscle-specific signaling and muscle growth. This region of the sarcomere also emerged as a hotspot for the modulation of passive muscle mechanics through altered titin phosphorylation and splicing, as well as tethering mechanisms that link titin to the thin filament system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea A. Domenighetti
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Farah Sheikh
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Coen A. C. Ottenheijm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Lange
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Chen L, Tang F, Gao H, Zhang X, Li X, Xiao D. CAPN3: A muscle‑specific calpain with an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:203. [PMID: 34549305 PMCID: PMC8480384 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a family of Ca2+‑dependent cysteine proteases that participate in various cellular processes. Calpain 3 (CAPN3) is a classical calpain with unique N‑terminus and insertion sequence 1 and 2 domains that confer characteristics such as rapid autolysis, Ca2+‑independent activation and Na+ activation of the protease. CAPN3 is the only muscle‑specific calpain that has important roles in the promotion of calcium release from skeletal muscle fibers, calcium uptake of sarcoplasmic reticulum, muscle formation and muscle remodeling. Studies have indicated that recessive mutations in CAPN3 cause limb‑girdle muscular dystrophy (MD) type 2A and other types of MD; eosinophilic myositis, melanoma and epilepsy are also closely related to CAPN3. In the present review, the characteristics of CAPN3, its biological functions and roles in the pathogenesis of a number of disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fajuan Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hu Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xihong Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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8
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Yin L, Li N, Jia W, Wang N, Liang M, Yang X, Du G. Skeletal muscle atrophy: From mechanisms to treatments. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105807. [PMID: 34389456 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a crucial tissue for movement, gestural assistance, metabolic homeostasis, and thermogenesis. It makes up approximately 40% of the total body weight and 50% of total protein. However, several pathological abnormalities (e.g., chronic diseases, cancer, long-term infection, aging) can induce an imbalance in skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation, which triggers muscle wasting and even leads to atrophy. Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by weakening, shrinking, and decreasing muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area at the histological level. It manifests as a reduction in force production, easy fatigue and decreased exercise capability, along with a lower quality of life. Mechanistically, there are several pathophysiological processes involved in skeletal muscle atrophy, including oxidative stress and inflammation, which then activate signal transduction, such as the ubiquitin proteasome system, autophagy lysosome system, and mTOR. Considering the great economic and social burden that muscle atrophy can inflict, effective prevention and treatment strategies are essential but still limited. Exercise is widely acknowledged as the most effective therapy for skeletal muscle atrophy; unfortunately, it is not applicable for all patients. Several active substances for skeletal muscle atrophy have been discovered and evaluated in clinical trials, however, they have not been marketed to date. Knowledge is being gained on the underlying mechanisms, highlighting more promising treatment strategies in the future. In this paper, the mechanisms and treatment strategies for skeletal muscle atrophy are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Weihua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Nuoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Meidai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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9
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Ojima K, Muroya S, Wada H, Ogawa K, Oe M, Takimoto K, Nishimura T. Immature adipocyte-derived exosomes inhibit expression of muscle differentiation markers. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:768-781. [PMID: 33527775 PMCID: PMC7931241 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are released from a variety of cells to communicate with recipient cells. Exosomes contain microRNAs (miRNAs), which are noncoding RNAs that suppress target genes. Our previous proteomic study (FEBS Open Bio 2016, 6, 816–826) demonstrated that 3T3‐L1 adipocytes secrete exosome components as well as growth factors, inspiring us to investigate what type of miRNA is involved in adipocyte‐secreted exosomes and what functions they carry out in recipient cells. Here, we profiled miRNAs in 3T3‐L1 adipocyte‐secreted exosomes and revealed suppression of muscle differentiation by adipocyte‐derived exosomes. Through our microarray analysis, we detected over 300 exosomal miRNAs during adipocyte differentiation. Exosomal miRNAs present during adipocyte differentiation included not only pro‐adipogenic miRNAs but also miRNAs associated with muscular dystrophy. Gene ontology analysis predicted that the target genes of miRNAs are associated primarily with transcriptional regulation. To further investigate whether adipocyte‐secreted exosomes regulate the expression levels of genes involved in muscle differentiation, we treated cultured myoblasts with adipocyte‐derived exosome fractions. Intriguingly, the expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors, Myog and Myf6, and other muscle differentiation markers, myosin heavy‐chain 3 and insulin‐like growth factor 2, were significantly downregulated in myoblasts treated with adipocyte‐derived exosomes. Immature adipocyte‐derived exosomes exhibited a stronger suppressive effect than mature adipocyte‐derived exosomes. Our results suggest that adipocytes suppress the expression levels of muscle differentiation‐associated genes in myoblasts via adipocyte‐secreted exosomes containing miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Susumu Muroya
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiromu Wada
- Ion Channel Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ogawa
- Ion Channel Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Mika Oe
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koichi Takimoto
- Ion Channel Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Nishimura
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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10
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Lostal W, Roudaut C, Faivre M, Charton K, Suel L, Bourg N, Best H, Smith JE, Gohlke J, Corre G, Li X, Elbeck Z, Knöll R, Deschamps JY, Granzier H, Richard I. Titin splicing regulates cardiotoxicity associated with calpain 3 gene therapy for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/520/eaat6072. [PMID: 31776291 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A or LGMDR1) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the calpain 3 gene (CAPN3). Previous experiments using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated calpain 3 gene transfer in mice indicated cardiac toxicity associated with the ectopic expression of the calpain 3 transgene. Here, we performed a preliminary dose study in a severe double-knockout mouse model deficient in calpain 3 and dysferlin. We evaluated safety and biodistribution of AAV9-desmin-hCAPN3 vector administration to nonhuman primates (NHPs) with a dose of 3 × 1013 viral genomes/kg. Vector administration did not lead to observable adverse effects or to detectable toxicity in NHP. Of note, the transgene expression did not produce any abnormal changes in cardiac morphology or function of injected animals while reaching therapeutic expression in skeletal muscle. Additional investigation on the underlying causes of cardiac toxicity observed after gene transfer in mice and the role of titin in this phenomenon suggest species-specific titin splicing. Mice have a reduced capacity for buffering calpain 3 activity compared to NHPs and humans. Our studies highlight a complex interplay between calpain 3 and titin binding sites and demonstrate an effective and safe profile for systemic calpain 3 vector delivery in NHP, providing critical support for the clinical potential of calpain 3 gene therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lostal
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Carinne Roudaut
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Marine Faivre
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Karine Charton
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Laurence Suel
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Nathalie Bourg
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Heather Best
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | | | | | - Guillaume Corre
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Xidan Li
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Zaher Elbeck
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Ralph Knöll
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.,AstraZeneca, R&D, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases (CVRM), Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jack-Yves Deschamps
- Emergency and Critical Care Unit, ONIRIS, School of Veterinary Medicine, La Chantrerie, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | | | - Isabelle Richard
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France.
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11
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Ojima K, Hata S, Shinkai-Ouchi F, Oe M, Muroya S, Sorimachi H, Ono Y. Developing fluorescence sensor probe to capture activated muscle-specific calpain-3 (CAPN3) in living muscle cells. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio048975. [PMID: 32801165 PMCID: PMC7489760 DOI: 10.1242/bio.048975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain-3 (CAPN3) is a muscle-specific type of calpain whose protease activity is triggered by Ca2+ Here, we developed CAPN3 sensor probes (SPs) to detect activated-CAPN3 using a fluorescence/Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique. In our SPs, partial amino acid sequence of calpastatin, endogenous CAPN inhibitor but CAPN3 substrate, is inserted between two different fluorescence proteins that cause FRET. Biochemical and spectral studies revealed that CAPN3 cleaved SPs and changed emission wavelengths of SPs. Importantly, SPs were scarcely cleaved by CAPN1 and CAPN2. Furthermore, our SP successfully captured the activation of endogenous CAPN3 in living myotubes treated with ouabain. Our SPs would become a promising tool to detect the dynamics of CAPN3 protease activity in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 305-0901 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shoji Hata
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 156-8506 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Shinkai-Ouchi
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 156-8506 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Oe
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 305-0901 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Susumu Muroya
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 305-0901 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 156-8506 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 156-8506 Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Ge L, Yang J, Gong X, Kang J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Quan F. Bovine CAPN3 core promoter initiates expression of foreign genes in skeletal muscle cells by MyoD transcriptional regulation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 127:105837. [PMID: 32827763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Activating foreign genes in bovine skeletal muscle is necessary in the study of the role of related genes in skeletal muscle development and the effects on skeletal muscle formation, especially in the study of transgenic cattle. At this time, a skeletal muscle-specific promoter should be selected to initiate a functional foreign gene. Here, calpain3 (CAPN3) was found to be highly expressed in skeletal muscle and skeletal muscle cells by real-time PCR. Next, 5' deletion analysis of the bovine CAPN3 promoter was performed and showed that Q5(-495/+40) region was the core promoter of the bovine CAPN3. A key regulatory site (-465/-453) in CAPN3 core promoter was associated with the transcription factor, MyoD, which is a skeletal muscle-specific transcription factor. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression levels of MyoD and CAPN3 were positively correlated during skeletal muscle cell differentiation. The overexpression of MyoD enhanced the activity of the bovine CAPN3 core promoter. The core promoter Q5(-495/+40) could drive the exogenous gene EGFP and the fat-specific expression gene PPARγ in skeletal muscle cells. In summary, our study obtained a bovine skeletal muscle-specific promoter and provided a basis for studying the role of functional genes in the growth and development of skeletal muscle. It also provides a basis for studying the transcriptional regulation mechanism of CAPN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxing Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiashu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xutong Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jian Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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13
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N2A Titin: Signaling Hub and Mechanical Switch in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113974. [PMID: 32492876 PMCID: PMC7312179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its belated discovery, our understanding of the giant protein titin has grown exponentially from its humble beginning as a sarcomeric scaffold to recent recognition of its critical mechanical and signaling functions in active muscle. One uniquely useful model to unravel titin’s functions, muscular dystrophy with myositis (mdm), arose spontaneously in mice as a transposon-like LINE repeat insertion that results in a small deletion in the N2A region of titin. This small deletion profoundly affects hypertrophic signaling and muscle mechanics, thereby providing insights into the function of this specific region and the consequences of its dysfunction. The impact of this mutation is profound, affecting diverse aspects of the phenotype including muscle mechanics, developmental hypertrophy, and thermoregulation. In this review, we explore accumulating evidence that points to the N2A region of titin as a dynamic “switch” that is critical for both mechanical and signaling functions in skeletal muscle. Calcium-dependent binding of N2A titin to actin filaments triggers a cascade of changes in titin that affect mechanical properties such as elastic energy storage and return, as well as hypertrophic signaling. The mdm phenotype also points to the existence of as yet unidentified signaling pathways for muscle hypertrophy and thermoregulation, likely involving titin’s PEVK region as well as the N2A signalosome.
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14
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Piper AK, Sophocleous RA, Ross SE, Evesson FJ, Saleh O, Bournazos A, Yasa J, Reed C, Woolger N, Sluyter R, Greer P, Biro M, Lemckert FA, Cooper ST. Loss of calpains-1 and -2 prevents repair of plasma membrane scrape injuries, but not small pores, and induces a severe muscular dystrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1226-C1237. [PMID: 32348180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00408.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous calpains, calpain-1 and -2, play important roles in Ca2+-dependent membrane repair. Mechanically active tissues like skeletal muscle are particularly reliant on mechanisms to repair and remodel membrane injury, such as those caused by eccentric damage. We demonstrate that calpain-1 and -2 are master effectors of Ca2+-dependent repair of mechanical plasma membrane scrape injuries, although they are dispensable for repair/removal of small wounds caused by pore-forming agents. Using CRISPR gene-edited human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell lines, we established that loss of both calpains-1 and -2 (CAPNS1-/-) virtually ablates Ca2+-dependent repair of mechanical scrape injuries but does not affect injury or recovery from perforation by streptolysin-O or saponin. In contrast, cells with targeted knockout of either calpain-1 (CAPN1-/-) or -2 (CAPN2-/-) show near-normal repair of mechanical injuries, inferring that both calpain-1 and calpain-2 are equally capable of conducting the cascade of proteolytic cleavage events to reseal a membrane injury, including that of the known membrane repair agent dysferlin. A severe muscular dystrophy in a murine model with skeletal muscle knockout of Capns1 highlights vital roles for calpain-1 and/or -2 for health and viability of skeletal muscles not compensated for by calpain-3 (CAPN3). We propose that the dystrophic phenotype relates to loss of maintenance of plasma membrane/cytoskeletal networks by calpains-1 and -2 in response to directed and dysfunctional Ca2+-signaling, pathways hyperstimulated in the context of membrane injury. With CAPN1 variants associated with spastic paraplegia, a severe dystrophy observed with muscle-specific loss of calpain-1 and -2 activity identifies CAPN2 and CAPNS1 as plausible candidate neuromuscular disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Piper
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reece A Sophocleous
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samuel E Ross
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frances J Evesson
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Medical Research Institute, Functional Neuromics, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Omar Saleh
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Bournazos
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joe Yasa
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Medical Research Institute, Functional Neuromics, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claudia Reed
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Woolger
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Level 3, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frances A Lemckert
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Medical Research Institute, Functional Neuromics, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Medical Research Institute, Functional Neuromics, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Calpain proteolytic systems counteract endothelial cell adaptation to inflammatory environments. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:5. [PMID: 32266045 PMCID: PMC7114782 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) make up the innermost surface of arteries, veins, and capillaries, separating the remaining layers of the vessel wall from circulating blood. Under non-inflammatory conditions, ECs are quiescent and form a robust barrier structure; however, exposure to inflammatory stimuli induces changes in the expression of EC proteins that control transcellular permeability and facilitate angiogenic tube formation. Increasing evidence suggests that dysfunction in intracellular proteolytic systems disturbs EC adaptation to the inflammatory environment, leading to vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and pathological angiogenesis. Recent work has highlighted the contribution of the calpain–calpastatin stress-responsive intracellular proteolytic system to adaptation failure in ECs. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of calpain–calpastatin-mediated physiologic and pathogenic regulation in ECs and discuss the molecular basis by which disruption of this system perturbs EC adaptation to the inflammatory environment.
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16
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A muscle-specific calpain, CAPN3, forms a homotrimer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140411. [PMID: 32200007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Calpain-3 (CAPN3), a 94-kDa member of the calpain protease family, is abundant in skeletal muscle. Mutations in the CAPN3 gene cause limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A, indicating that CAPN3 plays important roles in muscle physiology. CAPN3 has several unique features. A crystallographic study revealed that its C-terminal penta-EF-hand domains form a homodimer, suggesting that CAPN3 functions as a homodimeric protease. To analyze complex formation of CAPN3 in a more convenient manner, we performed blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and found that the observed molecular weight of native CAPN3, as well as recombinant CAPN3, was larger than 240 kDa. Further analysis by cross-linking and sequential immunoprecipitation revealed that CAPN3 in fact forms a homotrimer. Trimer formation was abolished by the deletion of the PEF domain, but not the CAPN3-specific insertion sequences NS, IS1, and IS2. The PEF domain alone formed a homodimer, as reported, but addition of the adjacent CBSW domain to its N-terminus reinforced the trimer-forming property. Collectively, these results suggest that CAPN3 forms a homotrimer in which the PEF domain's dimer-forming ability is influenced by other domains.
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17
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Lanzicher T, Zhou T, Saripalli C, Keschrumrus V, Smith III JE, Mayans O, Sbaizero O, Granzier H. Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy on the N2A Element of Titin: Effects of Phosphorylation and CARP. Front Physiol 2020; 11:173. [PMID: 32256378 PMCID: PMC7093598 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Titin is a large filamentous protein that forms a sarcomeric myofilament with a molecular spring region that develops force in stretched sarcomeres. The molecular spring has a complex make-up that includes the N2A element. This element largely consists of a 104-residue unique sequence (N2A-Us) flanked by immunoglobulin domains (I80 and I81). The N2A element is of interest because it assembles a signalosome with CARP (Cardiac Ankyrin Repeat Protein) as an important component; CARP both interacts with the N2A-Us and I81 and is highly upregulated in response to mechanical stress. The mechanical properties of the N2A element were studied using single-molecule force spectroscopy, including how these properties are affected by CARP and phosphorylation. Three protein constructs were made that consisted of 0, 1, or 2 N2A-Us elements with flanking I80 and I81 domains and with specific handles at their ends for study by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The N2A-Us behaved as an entropic spring with a persistence length (Lp) of ∼0.35 nm and contour length (Lc) of ∼39 nm. CARP increased the Lp of the N2A-Us and the unfolding force of the Ig domains; force clamp experiments showed that CARP reduced the Ig domain unfolding kinetics. These findings suggest that CARP might function as a molecular chaperone that protects I81 from unfolding when mechanical stress is high. The N2A-Us was found to be a PKA substrate, and phosphorylation was blocked by CARP. Mass spectrometry revealed a PKA phosphosite (Ser-9895 in NP_001254479.2) located at the border between the N2A-Us and I81. AFM studies showed that phosphorylation affected neither the Lp of the N2A-Us nor the Ig domain unfolding force (Funfold). Simulating the force-sarcomere length relation of a single titin molecule containing all spring elements showed that the compliance of the N2A-Us only slightly reduces passive force (1.4%) with an additional small reduction by CARP (0.3%). Thus, it is improbable that the compliance of the N2A element has a mechanical function per se. Instead, it is likely that this compliance has local effects on binding of signaling molecules and that it contributes thereby to strain- and phosphorylation- dependent mechano-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lanzicher
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tiankun Zhou
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Chandra Saripalli
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Vic Keschrumrus
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John E. Smith III
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Olga Mayans
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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18
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Hwang SD, Choi KM, Hwang JY, Kwon MG, Jeong JM, Seo JS, Jee BY, Park CI. Molecular genetic characterisation and expression profiling of calpain 3 transcripts in red sea bream (Pagrus major). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:19-24. [PMID: 31899359 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Calpains (CAPNs) belong to the papain superfamily of cysteine proteases, and they are calcium-dependent cytoplasmic cysteine proteases that regulate a variety of physiological processes. We obtained the sequence of CAPN3 from an NGS-based analysis of Pagrus major (PmCAPN3) and confirmed the conserved molecular biological properties in the predicted amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequence and predicted domains of CAPN3 were found to be highly conserved in all of the examined species, and one catalytic domain and four calcium binding sites were identified. In healthy P. major, the PmCAPN3 mRNA was most abundantly expressed in the muscle and skin, and ubiquitously expressed in the other tissues used in the experiment. After artificial infections with fish pathogens, significant changes in its expression levels were found in immune-related tissues, most of showed upregulation. In particular, the highest level of expression was found in the liver, a tissue associated with protease activity. Taken together, these results suggest a physiological activity for PmCAPN3 in P. major and reveal functional possibilities that have not yet been reported in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Don Hwang
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Choi
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Youn Hwang
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Jeong
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Seo
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yeong Jee
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Selvaraj S, Dhoke NR, Kiley J, Mateos-Aierdi AJ, Tungtur S, Mondragon-Gonzalez R, Killeen G, Oliveira VKP, López de Munain A, Perlingeiro RCR. Gene Correction of LGMD2A Patient-Specific iPSCs for the Development of Targeted Autologous Cell Therapy. Mol Ther 2019; 27:2147-2157. [PMID: 31501033 PMCID: PMC6904833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A), caused by mutations in the Calpain 3 (CAPN3) gene, is an incurable autosomal recessive disorder that results in muscle wasting and loss of ambulation. To test the feasibility of an autologous induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based therapy for LGMD2A, here we applied CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing to iPSCs from three LGMD2A patients to enable correction of mutations in the CAPN3 gene. Using a gene knockin approach, we genome edited iPSCs carrying three different CAPN3 mutations, and we demonstrated the rescue of CAPN3 protein in myotube derivatives in vitro. Transplantation of gene-corrected LGMD2A myogenic progenitors in a novel mouse model combining immunodeficiency and a lack of CAPN3 resulted in muscle engraftment and rescue of the CAPN3 mRNA. Thus, we provide here proof of concept for the integration of genome editing and iPSC technologies to develop a novel autologous cell therapy for LGMD2A.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calpain/physiology
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods
- Cells, Cultured
- Humans
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle Proteins/physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/therapy
- Mutation
- Transplantation, Autologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Selvaraj
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Neha R Dhoke
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James Kiley
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alba Judith Mateos-Aierdi
- Neurosciences Department, Biodonostia Research Institute-University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, San Sebastián 20014, Spain; CIBERNED, Institute Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sudheer Tungtur
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ricardo Mondragon-Gonzalez
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Grace Killeen
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vanessa K P Oliveira
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neurosciences Department, Biodonostia Research Institute-University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, San Sebastián 20014, Spain; CIBERNED, Institute Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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20
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El-Khoury R, Traboulsi S, Hamad T, Lamaa M, Sawaya R, Ahdab-Barmada M. Divergent Features of Mitochondrial Deficiencies in LGMD2A Associated With Novel Calpain-3 Mutations. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:88-98. [PMID: 30500922 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting. LGMD2A is caused by mutations in the calpain-3 gene (CAPN3) that encodes a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease predominantly expressed in the skeletal muscle. Underlying pathological mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Mitochondrial abnormalities have been variably reported in human subjects with LGMD2A and were more systematically evaluated in CAPN3-knocked out mouse models. We have combined histochemical, immunohistochemical, molecular, biochemical, and ultrastructural analyses in our study in order to better outline mitochondrial features in 2 LGMD2A patients with novel CAPN3-associated mutations. Both patients underwent detailed clinical evaluations, followed by muscle biopsies from the quadriceps muscles. The diagnosis of LGMD2A in both patients was first suspected on the basis of a typical clinical localization of the muscle weakness, and confirmed by molecular investigations. Two novel homozygous mutations, c.2242C>G (p.Arg748Gly) and c.291C>A (p.Phe97Leu) were identified: c.2242C>G (p.Arg748Gly) mutation was associated with a significant mitochondrial mass depletion and myofibrillar disruption in the first patient, while c.291C>A (p.Phe97Leu) mutation was accompanied by reactive mitochondrial proliferation with ragged-red fibers in the second patient. Our results delineate CAPN3 mutation-specific patterns of mitochondrial dysfunction and their ultrastructural characteristics in LGMD2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad El-Khoury
- Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Traboulsi
- Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tarek Hamad
- Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maher Lamaa
- Department of Pediatrics, Al Bahman Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raja Sawaya
- Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mamdouha Ahdab-Barmada
- Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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21
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Lasa-Elgarresta J, Mosqueira-Martín L, Naldaiz-Gastesi N, Sáenz A, López de Munain A, Vallejo-Illarramendi A. Calcium Mechanisms in Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy with CAPN3 Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4548. [PMID: 31540302 PMCID: PMC6770289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy recessive 1 (LGMDR1), previously known as LGMD2A, is a rare disease caused by mutations in the CAPN3 gene. It is characterized by progressive weakness of shoulder, pelvic, and proximal limb muscles that usually appears in children and young adults and results in loss of ambulation within 20 years after disease onset in most patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in LGMDR1 remain mostly unknown, and to date, there is no effective treatment for this disease. Here, we review clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in the skeletal muscle is a significant underlying event in this muscular dystrophy. We also review and discuss specific clinical features of LGMDR1, CAPN3 functions, novel putative targets for therapeutic strategies, and current approaches aiming to treat LGMDR1. These novel approaches may be clinically relevant not only for LGMDR1 but also for other muscular dystrophies with secondary calpainopathy or with abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis, such as LGMD2B/LGMDR2 or sporadic inclusion body myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaione Lasa-Elgarresta
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Mosqueira-Martín
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Neia Naldaiz-Gastesi
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Amets Sáenz
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Departmento de Neurosciencias, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Neurology Department, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Ainara Vallejo-Illarramendi
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Grupo Neurociencias, Departmento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Donostia, UPV/EHU, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
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22
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Ankrd2 in Mechanotransduction and Oxidative Stress Response in Skeletal Muscle: New Cues for the Pathogenesis of Muscular Laminopathies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7318796. [PMID: 31428229 PMCID: PMC6681624 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7318796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ankrd2 (ankyrin repeats containing domain 2) or Arpp (ankyrin repeat, PEST sequence, and proline-rich region) is a member of the muscle ankyrin repeat protein family. Ankrd2 is mostly expressed in skeletal muscle, where it plays an intriguing role in the transcriptional response to stress induced by mechanical stimulation as well as by cellular reactive oxygen species. Our studies in myoblasts from Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2, a LMNA-linked disease affecting skeletal and cardiac muscles, demonstrated that Ankrd2 is a lamin A-binding protein and that mutated lamins found in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy change the dynamics of Ankrd2 nuclear import, thus affecting oxidative stress response. In this review, besides describing the latest advances related to Ankrd2 studies, including novel discoveries on Ankrd2 isoform-specific functions, we report the main findings on the relationship of Ankrd2 with A-type lamins and discuss known and potential mechanisms involving defective Ankrd2-lamin A interplay in the pathogenesis of muscular laminopathies.
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23
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Ojima K. Myosin: Formation and maintenance of thick filaments. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:801-807. [PMID: 31134719 PMCID: PMC6618170 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle consists of bundles of myofibers containing millions of myofibrils, each of which is formed of longitudinally aligned sarcomere structures. Sarcomeres are the minimum contractile unit, which mainly consists of four components: Z‐bands, thin filaments, thick filaments, and connectin/titin. The size and shape of the sarcomere component is strictly controlled. Surprisingly, skeletal muscle cells not only synthesize a series of myofibrillar proteins but also regulate the assembly of those proteins into the sarcomere structures. However, authentic sarcomere structures cannot be reconstituted by combining purified myofibrillar proteins in vitro, therefore there must be an elaborate mechanism ensuring the correct formation of myofibril structure in skeletal muscle cells. This review discusses the role of myosin, a main component of the thick filament, in thick filament formation and the dynamics of myosin in skeletal muscle cells. Changes in the number of myofibrils in myofibers can cause muscle hypertrophy or atrophy. Therefore, it is important to understand the fundamental mechanisms by which myofibers control myofibril formation at the molecular level to develop approaches that effectively enhance muscle growth in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
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24
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van der Pijl RJ, Granzier HL, Ottenheijm CAC. Diaphragm contractile weakness due to reduced mechanical loading: role of titin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C167-C176. [PMID: 31042425 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00509.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The diaphragm, the main muscle of inspiration, is constantly subjected to mechanical loading. Only during controlled mechanical ventilation, as occurs during thoracic surgery and in the intensive care unit, is mechanical loading of the diaphragm arrested. Animal studies indicate that the diaphragm is highly sensitive to unloading, causing rapid muscle fiber atrophy and contractile weakness; unloading-induced diaphragm atrophy and contractile weakness have been suggested to contribute to the difficulties in weaning patients from ventilator support. The molecular triggers that initiate the rapid unloading atrophy of the diaphragm are not well understood, although proteolytic pathways and oxidative signaling have been shown to be involved. Mechanical stress is known to play an important role in the maintenance of muscle mass. Within the muscle's sarcomere, titin is considered to play an important role in the stress-response machinery. Titin is a giant protein that acts as a mechanosensor regulating muscle protein expression in a sarcomere strain-dependent fashion. Thus titin is an attractive candidate for sensing the sudden mechanical arrest of the diaphragm when patients are mechanically ventilated, leading to changes in muscle protein expression. Here, we provide a novel perspective on how titin and its biomechanical sensing and signaling might be involved in the development of mechanical unloading-induced diaphragm weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J van der Pijl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk L Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Coen A C Ottenheijm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Kellermayer D, Smith JE, Granzier H. Titin mutations and muscle disease. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:673-682. [PMID: 30919088 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of next-generation sequencing technology has revealed that mutations in the gene that encodes titin (TTN) are linked to multiple skeletal and cardiac myopathies. The most prominent of these myopathies is dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Over 60 genes are linked to the etiology of DCM, but by far, the leading cause of DCM is mutations in TTN with truncating variants in TTN (TTNtvs) associated with familial DCM in ∼ 20% of the cases. Titin is a large (3-4 MDa) and abundant protein that forms the third myofilament type of striated muscle where it spans half the sarcomere, from the Z-disk to the M-line. The underlying mechanisms by which titin mutations induce disease are poorly understood and targeted therapies are not available. Here, we review what is known about TTN mutations in muscle disease, with a major focus on DCM. We highlight that exon skipping might provide a possible therapeutic avenue to address diseases that arise from TTNtvs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Kellermayer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, MRB 325. 1656 E Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5217, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - John E Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, MRB 325. 1656 E Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5217, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, MRB 325. 1656 E Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5217, USA. .,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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26
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Kramerova I, Torres JA, Eskin A, Nelson SF, Spencer MJ. Calpain 3 and CaMKIIβ signaling are required to induce HSP70 necessary for adaptive muscle growth after atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2019. [PMID: 29528394 PMCID: PMC5905633 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CAPN3 cause autosomal recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2A. Calpain 3 (CAPN3) is a calcium dependent protease residing in the myofibrillar, cytosolic and triad fractions of skeletal muscle. At the triad, it colocalizes with calcium calmodulin kinase IIβ (CaMKIIβ). CAPN3 knock out mice (C3KO) show reduced triad integrity and blunted CaMKIIβ signaling, which correlates with impaired transcriptional activation of myofibrillar and oxidative metabolism genes in response to running exercise. These data suggest a role for CAPN3 and CaMKIIβ in gene regulation that takes place during adaptation to endurance exercise. To assess whether CAPN3- CaMKIIβ signaling influences skeletal muscle remodeling in other contexts, we subjected C3KO and wild type mice to hindlimb unloading and reloading and assessed CaMKIIβ signaling and gene expression by RNA-sequencing. After induced atrophy followed by 4 days of reloading, both CaMKIIβ activation and expression of inflammatory and cellular stress genes were increased. C3KO muscles failed to activate CaMKIIβ signaling, did not activate the same pattern of gene expression and demonstrated impaired growth at 4 days of reloading. Moreover, C3KO muscles failed to activate inducible HSP70, which was previously shown to be indispensible for the inflammatory response needed to promote muscle recovery. Likewise, C3KO showed diminished immune cell infiltration and decreased expression of pro-myogenic genes. These data support a role for CaMKIIβ signaling in induction of HSP70 and promotion of the inflammatory response during muscle growth and remodeling that occurs after atrophy, suggesting that CaMKIIβ regulates remodeling in multiple contexts: endurance exercise and growth after atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kramerova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jorge A Torres
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ascia Eskin
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Melissa J Spencer
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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27
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van der Pijl R, Strom J, Conijn S, Lindqvist J, Labeit S, Granzier H, Ottenheijm C. Titin-based mechanosensing modulates muscle hypertrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:947-961. [PMID: 29978560 PMCID: PMC6204599 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titin is an elastic sarcomeric filament that has been proposed to play a key role in mechanosensing and trophicity of muscle. However, evidence for this proposal is scarce due to the lack of appropriate experimental models to directly test the role of titin in mechanosensing. METHODS We used unilateral diaphragm denervation (UDD) in mice, an in vivo model in which the denervated hemidiaphragm is passively stretched by the contralateral, innervated hemidiaphragm and hypertrophy rapidly occurs. RESULTS In wildtype mice, the denervated hemidiaphragm mass increased 48 ± 3% after 6 days of UDD, due to the addition of both sarcomeres in series and in parallel. To test whether titin stiffness modulates the hypertrophy response, RBM20ΔRRM and TtnΔIAjxn mouse models were used, with decreased and increased titin stiffness, respectively. RBM20ΔRRM mice (reduced stiffness) showed a 20 ± 6% attenuated hypertrophy response, whereas the TtnΔIAjxn mice (increased stiffness) showed an 18 ± 8% exaggerated response after UDD. Thus, muscle hypertrophy scales with titin stiffness. Protein expression analysis revealed that titin-binding proteins implicated previously in muscle trophicity were induced during UDD, MARP1 & 2, FHL1, and MuRF1. CONCLUSIONS Titin functions as a mechanosensor that regulates muscle trophicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert van der Pijl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- Dept of PhysiologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joshua Strom
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Stefan Conijn
- Dept of PhysiologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johan Lindqvist
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Siegfried Labeit
- Department of Integrative PathophysiologyMedical Faculty MannheimMannheimGermany
- Myomedix GmbHNeckargemuendGermany
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Coen Ottenheijm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- Dept of PhysiologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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28
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Iwamoto T, Ishiyama E, Ishida K, Yamashita T, Tomita H, Ozaki T. Presence of calpain-5 in mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:454-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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29
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Boskovic S, Marín-Juez R, Jasnic J, Reischauer S, El Sammak H, Kojic A, Faulkner G, Radojkovic D, Stainier DYR, Kojic S. Characterization of zebrafish (Danio rerio) muscle ankyrin repeat proteins reveals their conserved response to endurance exercise. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204312. [PMID: 30252882 PMCID: PMC6155536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle proteins with ankyrin repeats (MARPs) ANKRD1 and ANKRD2 are titin-associated proteins with a putative role as transcriptional co-regulators in striated muscle, involved in the cellular response to mechanical, oxidative and metabolic stress. Since many aspects of the biology of MARPs, particularly exact mechanisms of their action, in striated muscle are still elusive, research in this field will benefit from novel animal model system. Here we investigated the MARPs found in zebrafish for protein structure, evolutionary conservation, spatiotemporal expression profiles and response to increased muscle activity. Ankrd1 and Ankrd2 show overall moderate conservation at the protein level, more pronounced in the region of ankyrin repeats, motifs indispensable for their function. The two zebrafish genes, ankrd1a and ankrd1b, counterparts of mammalian ANKRD1/Ankrd1, have different expression profiles during first seven days of development. Mild increase of ankrd1a transcript levels was detected at 72 hpf (1.74±0.24 fold increase relative to 24 hpf time point), while ankrd1b expression was markedly upregulated from 24 hpf onward and peaked at 72 hpf (92.18±36.95 fold increase relative to 24 hpf time point). Spatially, they exhibited non-overlapping expression patterns during skeletal muscle development in trunk (ankrd1a) and tail (ankrd1b) somites. Expression of ankrd2 was barely detectable. Zebrafish MARPs, expressed at a relatively low level in adult striated muscle, were found to be responsive to endurance exercise training consisting of two bouts of 3 hours of forced swimming daily, for five consecutive days. Three hours after the last exercise bout, ankrd1a expression increased in cardiac muscle (6.19±5.05 fold change), while ankrd1b and ankrd2 were upregulated in skeletal muscle (1.97±1.05 and 1.84±0.58 fold change, respectively). This study provides the foundation to establish zebrafish as a novel in vivo model for further investigation of MARPs function in striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Boskovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jovana Jasnic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hadil El Sammak
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ana Kojic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dragica Radojkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Snezana Kojic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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30
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Varga TV, Kurbasic A, Aine M, Eriksson P, Ali A, Hindy G, Gustafsson S, Luan J, Shungin D, Chen Y, Schulz CA, Nilsson PM, Hallmans G, Barroso I, Deloukas P, Langenberg C, Scott RA, Wareham NJ, Lind L, Ingelsson E, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Renström F, Franks PW. Novel genetic loci associated with long-term deterioration in blood lipid concentrations and coronary artery disease in European adults. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:1211-1222. [PMID: 27864399 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cross-sectional genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of loci associated with blood lipids and related cardiovascular traits, but few genetic association studies have focused on long-term changes in blood lipids. Methods Participants from the GLACIER Study (Nmax = 3492) were genotyped with the MetaboChip array, from which 29 387 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms; replication, fine-mapping regions and wildcard SNPs for lipid traits) were extracted for association tests with 10-year change in total cholesterol (ΔTC) and triglycerides (ΔTG). Four additional prospective cohort studies (MDC, PIVUS, ULSAM, MRC Ely; Nmax = 8263 participants) were used for replication. We conducted an in silico look-up for association with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) Consortium (N ∼ 190 000) and functional annotation for the top ranking variants. Results In total, 956 variants were associated (P < 0.01) with either ΔTC or ΔTG in GLACIER. In GLACIER, chr19:50121999 at APOE was associated with ΔTG and multiple SNPs in the APOA1/A4/C3/A5 region at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8), whereas variants in four loci, DOCK7, BRE, SYNE1 and KCNIP1, reached study-wide significance (P < 1.7 × 10-6). The rs7412 variant at APOE was associated with ΔTC in GLACIER (P < 1.7 × 10-6). In pooled analyses of all cohorts, 139 SNPs at six and five loci were associated with ΔTC and for ΔTG, respectively (P < 10-3). Of these, a variant at CAPN3 (P = 1.2 × 10-4), multiple variants at HPR (Pmin = 1.5 × 10-6) and a variant at SIX5 (P = 1.9 × 10-4) showed evidence for association with CAD. Conclusions We identified seven novel genomic regions associated with long-term changes in blood lipids, of which three also raise CAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor V Varga
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Azra Kurbasic
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mattias Aine
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Eriksson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ashfaq Ali
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - George Hindy
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease - Genetic Epidemiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jian'an Luan
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Odontology.,Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yan Chen
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Metabolic Research Laboratories.,NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A Scott
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease - Genetic Epidemiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frida Renström
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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31
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Wu R, Wang J, Yao J, Dong Z, Liu Y, Liu M. MEF2A regulates Calpain 3 expression in L6 myoblasts. Gene 2018; 668:204-210. [PMID: 29783071 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Calpain 3 (Capn3), a skeletal muscle-specific member of the calpain family, executes some non-proteolytic functions besides its role as a Ca2+-regulated proteolytic enzyme. Previously, we found that changes in Capn3 expression were linearly correlated with the degree of muscular atrophy following reversible sciatic nerve injury and that knockdown of Capn3 gene expression promoted myoblast differentiation. While the regulation of capn3 gene expression is interesting, transcriptional regulation of Capn3 is still unclear. In the present study, we provided experimental data showing that the myogenic enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) regulated Capn3 gene expression. Firstly, the luciferase reporter assay and EMSA were performed and showed that ectopic expression of the Mef2a gene could bind to the predicted site of the Capn3 promoter region. Furthermore, in the L6 myoblast differentiation model in vitro, Capn3 gene expression was shown to be positively associated with the level of Mef2a by qRT-PCR, western-blotting, and immunocytochemistry. The Capn3 protein level decreased as MEF2A decreased when induced by Mef2a siRNA transfection in L6 myoblasts. Finally, the results of ChIP indicated that MEF2A occupied the promoter region of the Capn3 gene in rat denervated gastrocnemius muscle tissue. Based on these results, we proposed that MEF2A is a transcriptional regulator for Capn3 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, China
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology of Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Zhangji Dong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, China.
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32
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Lostal W, Urtizberea JA, Richard I. 233rd ENMC International Workshop:: Clinical Trial Readiness for Calpainopathies, Naarden, The Netherlands, 15-17 September 2017. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:540-549. [PMID: 29655529 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Lostal
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, University of Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91002, France
| | | | - Isabelle Richard
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, University of Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91002, France.
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33
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Charton K, Suel L, Henriques SF, Moussu JP, Bovolenta M, Taillepierre M, Becker C, Lipson K, Richard I. Exploiting the CRISPR/Cas9 system to study alternative splicing in vivo: application to titin. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:4518-4532. [PMID: 28173117 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant protein titin is the third most abundant protein in striated muscle. Mutations in its gene are responsible for diseases affecting the cardiac and/or the skeletal muscle. Titin has been reported to be expressed in multiple isoforms with considerable variability in the I-band, ensuring the modulation of the passive mechanical properties of the sarcomere. In the M-line, only the penultimate Mex5 exon coding for the specific is7 domain has been reported to be subjected to alternative splicing. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 editing technology, we generated a mouse model where we stably prevent the expression of alternative spliced variant(s) carrying the corresponding domain. Interestingly, the suppression of the domain induces a phenotype mostly in tissues usually expressing the isoform that has been suppressed, indicating that it fulfills (a) specific function(s) in these tissues allowing a perfect adaptation of the M-line to physiological demands of different muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Charton
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE research unit Evry, France,Généthon, Evry, France
| | - Laurence Suel
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE research unit Evry, France,Généthon, Evry, France
| | - Sara F Henriques
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE research unit Evry, France,Généthon, Evry, France,University of Evry-Val-D’Essone, Evry, France
| | - Jean-Paul Moussu
- SEAT - SErvice des Animaux Transgéniques CNRS -TAAM -phenomin UPS44 Bâtiment G 7, rue Guy Môquet 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Matteo Bovolenta
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Miguel Taillepierre
- SEAT - SErvice des Animaux Transgéniques CNRS -TAAM -phenomin UPS44 Bâtiment G 7, rue Guy Môquet 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Céline Becker
- SEAT - SErvice des Animaux Transgéniques CNRS -TAAM -phenomin UPS44 Bâtiment G 7, rue Guy Môquet 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Karelia Lipson
- SEAT - SErvice des Animaux Transgéniques CNRS -TAAM -phenomin UPS44 Bâtiment G 7, rue Guy Môquet 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE research unit Evry, France,Généthon, Evry, France
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34
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Miyazaki T, Miyazaki A. Emerging roles of calpain proteolytic systems in macrophage cholesterol handling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3011-3021. [PMID: 28432377 PMCID: PMC11107777 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Calpains are Ca2+-dependent intracellular proteases that play central roles in the post-translational processing of functional proteins. In mammals, calpain proteolytic systems comprise the endogenous inhibitor calpastatin as well as 15 homologues of the catalytic subunits and two homologues of the regulatory subunits. Recent pharmacological and gene targeting studies in experimental animal models have revealed the contribution of conventional calpains, which consist of the calpain-1 and -2 isozymes, to atherosclerotic diseases. During atherogenesis, conventional calpains facilitate the CD36-dependent uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and block cholesterol efflux through ATP-binding cassette transporters in lesional macrophages, allowing the expansion of lipid-enriched atherosclerotic plaques. In addition, calpain-6, an unconventional non-proteolytic calpain, in macrophages reportedly potentiates pinocytotic uptake of native LDL, and attenuates the efferocytic clearance of apoptotic and necrotic cell corpses from the lesions. Herein, we discuss the recent progress that has been made in our understanding of how calpain contributes to atherosclerosis, in particular focusing on macrophage cholesterol handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Akira Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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35
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Abstract
Cardiac and skeletal striated muscles are intricately designed machines responsible for muscle contraction. Coordination of the basic contractile unit, the sarcomere, and the complex cytoskeletal networks are critical for contractile activity. The sarcomere is comprised of precisely organized individual filament systems that include thin (actin), thick (myosin), titin, and nebulin. Connecting the sarcomere to other organelles (e.g., mitochondria and nucleus) and serving as the scaffold to maintain cellular integrity are the intermediate filaments. The costamere, on the other hand, tethers the sarcomere to the cell membrane. Unique structures like the intercalated disc in cardiac muscle and the myotendinous junction in skeletal muscle help synchronize and transmit force. Intense investigation has been done on many of the proteins that make up these cytoskeletal assemblies. Yet the details of their function and how they interconnect have just started to be elucidated. A vast number of human myopathies are contributed to mutations in muscle proteins; thus understanding their basic function provides a mechanistic understanding of muscle disorders. In this review, we highlight the components of striated muscle with respect to their interactions, signaling pathways, functions, and connections to disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:891-944, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Henderson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher G Gomez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stefanie M Novak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lei Mi-Mi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Carol C Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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36
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Wette SG, Smith HK, Lamb GD, Murphy RM. Characterization of muscle ankyrin repeat proteins in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C327-C339. [PMID: 28615162 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00077.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Muscle ankyrin repeat proteins (MARPs) are a family of titin-associated, stress-response molecules and putative transducers of stretch-induced signaling in skeletal muscle. In cardiac muscle, cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) and diabetes-related ankyrin repeat protein (DARP) reportedly redistribute from binding sites on titin to the nucleus following a prolonged stretch. However, it is unclear whether ankyrin repeat domain protein 2 (Ankrd 2) shows comparable stretch-induced redistribution to the nucleus. We measured the following in rested human skeletal muscle: 1) the absolute amount of MARPs and 2) the distribution of Ankrd 2 and DARP in both single fibers and whole muscle preparations. In absolute amounts, Ankrd 2 is the most abundant MARP in human skeletal muscle, there being ~3.1 µmol/kg, much greater than DARP and CARP (~0.11 and ~0.02 µmol/kg, respectively). All DARP was found to be tightly bound at cytoskeletal (or possibly nuclear) sites. In contrast, ~70% of the total Ankrd 2 is freely diffusible in the cytosol [including virtually all of the phosphorylated (p)Ankrd 2-Ser99 form], ~15% is bound to non-nuclear membranes, and ~15% is bound at cytoskeletal sites, likely at the N2A region of titin. These data are not consistent with the proposal that Ankrd 2, per se, or pAnkrd 2-Ser99 mediates stretch-induced signaling in skeletal muscle, dissociating from titin and translocating to the nucleus, because the majority of these forms of Ankrd 2 are already free in the cytosol. It will be necessary to show that the titin-associated Ankrd 2 is modified by stretch in some as-yet-unidentified way, distinct from the diffusible pool, if it is to act as a stretch-sensitive signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G Wette
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather K Smith
- Department of Exercise Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graham D Lamb
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
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37
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Ono Y, Saido TC, Sorimachi H. Calpain research for drug discovery: challenges and potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:854-876. [PMID: 27833121 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are a family of proteases that were scientifically recognized earlier than proteasomes and caspases, but remain enigmatic. However, they are known to participate in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes, performing 'limited proteolysis' whereby they do not destroy but rather modulate the functions of their substrates. Calpains are therefore referred to as 'modulator proteases'. Multidisciplinary research on calpains has begun to elucidate their involvement in pathophysiological mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies targeting malfunctions of calpains have been developed, driven primarily by improvements in the specificity and bioavailability of calpain inhibitors. Here, we review the calpain superfamily and calpain-related disorders, and discuss emerging calpain-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (IGAKUKEN), 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (IGAKUKEN), 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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38
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Gautel M, Djinović-Carugo K. The sarcomeric cytoskeleton: from molecules to motion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:135-45. [PMID: 26792323 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.124941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly ordered organisation of striated muscle is the prerequisite for the fast and unidirectional development of force and motion during heart and skeletal muscle contraction. A group of proteins, summarised as the sarcomeric cytoskeleton, is essential for the ordered assembly of actin and myosin filaments into sarcomeres, by combining architectural, mechanical and signalling functions. This review discusses recent cell biological, biophysical and structural insight into the regulated assembly of sarcomeric cytoskeleton proteins and their roles in dissipating mechanical forces in order to maintain sarcomere integrity during passive extension and active contraction. α-Actinin crosslinks in the Z-disk show a pivot-and-rod structure that anchors both titin and actin filaments. In contrast, the myosin crosslinks formed by myomesin in the M-band are of a ball-and-spring type and may be crucial in providing stable yet elastic connections during active contractions, especially eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Gautel
- King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and Cardiovascular Division, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kristina Djinović-Carugo
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, Vienna A-1030, Austria Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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39
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Arvanitidis A, Henriksen K, Karsdal M, Nedergaard A. Neo-epitope Peptides as Biomarkers of Disease Progression for Muscular Dystrophies and Other Myopathies. J Neuromuscul Dis 2016; 3:333-346. [PMID: 27854226 PMCID: PMC5123625 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, serological biomarkers of neuromuscular diseases as dystrophies, myopathies and myositis have been limited to routine clinical biochemistry panels. Gauging the pathological progression is a prerequisite for proper treatment and therefore identifying accessible, easy to monitor biomarkers that can predict the disease progression would be an important advancement. Most muscle diseases involve accelerated muscle fiber degradation, inflammation, fatty tissue substitution and/or fibrosis. All these pathological traits have been shown to give rise to serological peptide biomarkers in other tissues, underlining the potential application of existing biomarkers of such traits in muscle disorders. A significant quantity of tissue is involved in these pathological mechanisms alongside with qualitative changes in protein turnover in myofibrillar, extra-cellular matrix and immunological cell protein fractions accompanied by alterations in body fluids. We propose that protein and peptides can leak out of the afflicted muscles and can be of use in diagnosis, prediction of pathology trajectory and treatment efficacy. Proteolytic cleavage systems are especially modulated during a range of muscle pathologies, thereby giving rise to peptides that are differentially released during disease manifestation. Therefore, we believe that pathology-specific post-translational modifications like cleavages can give rise to neoepitope peptides that may represent a promising class of peptides for discovery of biomarkers pertaining to neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Arvanitidis
- Nordic Bioscience, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Herlev, Denmark
| | - K. Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M.A. Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Herlev, Denmark
| | - A. Nedergaard
- Nordic Bioscience, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Herlev, Denmark
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40
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Ojima K, Oe M, Nakajima I, Muroya S, Nishimura T. Dynamics of protein secretion during adipocyte differentiation. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:816-26. [PMID: 27516960 PMCID: PMC4971837 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The major functions of adipocytes include both lipid storage and the production of secretory factors. However, the type of proteins released from mouse 3T3-L1 cells during adipocyte differentiation remains poorly understood. We examined the dynamics of secreted proteins during adipocyte differentiation using mass spectrometry (MS) combined with an iTRAQ (®) labeling method that enables the simultaneous analysis of relative protein expression levels. A total of 215 proteins were identified and quantified from approximately 10 000 MS/MS spectra. Of these, approximately 38% were categorized as secreted proteins based on gene ontology classification. Adipokine secretion levels were increased with the progression of differentiation. By contrast, levels of fibril collagen components, such as subunits of type I and III collagens, were decreased during differentiation. Basement membrane components attained their peak levels at day 4 when small lipid droplets accumulated in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Simultaneously, peak levels of collagen microfibril components that comprise type V and VI collagen subunits were also observed. Our data demonstrated that extracellular matrix components were predominantly released during the early and middle stages of adipocyte differentiation, with a subsequent increase in the secretion of adipokines. This suggests that 3T3-L1 cells secrete adipokines after their ECM is constructed during adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Animal Products Research Division NARO, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Mika Oe
- Animal Products Research Division NARO, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ikuyo Nakajima
- Animal Products Research Division NARO, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Susumu Muroya
- Animal Products Research Division NARO, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Takanori Nishimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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41
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An eccentric calpain, CAPN3/p94/calpain-3. Biochimie 2016; 122:169-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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42
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Shinkai-Ouchi F, Koyama S, Ono Y, Hata S, Ojima K, Shindo M, duVerle D, Ueno M, Kitamura F, Doi N, Takigawa I, Mamitsuka H, Sorimachi H. Predictions of Cleavability of Calpain Proteolysis by Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis Using Newly Determined Cleavage Sites and Catalytic Efficiencies of an Oligopeptide Array. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1262-80. [PMID: 26796116 PMCID: PMC4824854 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.053413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are intracellular Ca2+-regulated cysteine proteases that are essential for various cellular functions. Mammalian conventional calpains (calpain-1 and calpain-2) modulate the structure and function of their substrates by limited proteolysis. Thus, it is critically important to determine the site(s) in proteins at which calpains cleave. However, the calpains' substrate specificity remains unclear, because the amino acid (aa) sequences around their cleavage sites are very diverse. To clarify calpains' substrate specificities, 84 20-mer oligopeptides, corresponding to P10-P10′ of reported cleavage site sequences, were proteolyzed by calpains, and the catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) were globally determined by LC/MS. This analysis revealed 483 cleavage site sequences, including 360 novel ones. The kcat/Kms for 119 sites ranged from 12.5–1,710 M−1s−1. Although most sites were cleaved by both calpain-1 and −2 with a similar kcat/Km, sequence comparisons revealed distinct aa preferences at P9-P7/P2/P5′. The aa compositions of the novel sites were not statistically different from those of previously reported sites as a whole, suggesting calpains have a strict implicit rule for sequence specificity, and that the limited proteolysis of intact substrates is because of substrates' higher-order structures. Cleavage position frequencies indicated that longer sequences N-terminal to the cleavage site (P-sites) were preferred for proteolysis over C-terminal (P′-sites). Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses using partial least-squares regression and >1,300 aa descriptors achieved kcat/Km prediction with r = 0.834, and binary-QSAR modeling attained an 87.5% positive prediction value for 132 reported calpain cleavage sites independent of our model construction. These results outperformed previous calpain cleavage predictors, and revealed the importance of the P2, P3′, and P4′ sites, and P1-P2 cooperativity. Furthermore, using our binary-QSAR model, novel cleavage sites in myoglobin were identified, verifying our predictor. This study increases our understanding of calpain substrate specificities, and opens calpains to “next-generation,” i.e. activity-related quantitative and cooperativity-dependent analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suguru Koyama
- From the ‡Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, and
| | - Yasuko Ono
- From the ‡Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, and
| | - Shoji Hata
- From the ‡Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, and
| | - Koichi Ojima
- From the ‡Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, and
| | - Mayumi Shindo
- §The Advanced Technical Support Department, The Basic Technology Research Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (IGAKUKEN), 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - David duVerle
- ¶Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Mika Ueno
- From the ‡Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, and
| | - Fujiko Kitamura
- From the ‡Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, and
| | - Naoko Doi
- From the ‡Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, and
| | - Ichigaku Takigawa
- ‖Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mamitsuka
- **Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- From the ‡Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, and
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43
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Wu R, Yan Y, Yao J, Liu Y, Zhao J, Liu M. Calpain 3 Expression Pattern during Gastrocnemius Muscle Atrophy and Regeneration Following Sciatic Nerve Injury in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26927-35. [PMID: 26569227 PMCID: PMC4661861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain 3 (CAPN3), also known as p94, is a skeletal muscle-specific member of the calpain family that is involved in muscular dystrophy; however, the roles of CAPN3 in muscular atrophy and regeneration are yet to be understood. In the present study, we attempted to explain the effect of CAPN3 in muscle atrophy by evaluating CAPN3 expression in rat gastrocnemius muscle following reversible sciatic nerve injury. After nerve injury, the wet weight ratio and cross sectional area (CSA) of gastrocnemius muscle were decreased gradually from 1–14 days and then recovery from 14–28 days. The active form of CAPN3 (~62 kDa) protein decreased slightly on day 3 and then increased from day 7 to 14 before a decrease from day 14 to 28. The result of linear correlation analysis showed that expression of the active CAPN3 protein level was negatively correlated with muscle wet weight ratio. CAPN3 knockdown by short interfering RNA (siRNA) injection improved muscle recovery on days 7 and 14 after injury as compared to that observed with control siRNA treatment. Depletion of CAPN3 gene expression could promote myoblast differentiation in L6 cells. Based on these findings, we conclude that the expression pattern of the active CAPN3 protein is linked to muscle atrophy and regeneration following denervation: its upregulation during early stages may promote satellite cell renewal by inhibiting differentiation, whereas in later stages, CAPN3 expression may be downregulated to stimulate myogenic differentiation and enhance recovery. These results provide a novel mechanistic insight into the role of CAPN3 protein in muscle regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yingying Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Jianmei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Muto Y, Morton J, Palmer D. Investigation of biochemical changes of the ovine calpain 3 exon-10 polymorphism. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:382-388. [PMID: 26363096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calpain 3 (CAPN3) is a tissue specific calpain, and its mRNA is the most expressed calpain isoform in skeletal muscles. Many mutations and polymorphisms within the human CAPN3 gene have been reported and related to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Several reports link CAPN3 polymorphisms and meat quality. An association between three allele variants in exon-10 of ovine CAPN3 and the yield of fat trimmed meat cuts has been reported. This research investigated the biochemical significance of polymorphic variation in CAPN3. CAPN3 mRNA sequences were obtained from muscle samples collected from lambs which were homozygous for each of the three alleles. Four single base substitutions were found besides those in exon-10, but none of them, including the variations within exon-10, caused a change in amino acid sequence. The expression of CAPN3 mRNA and the amounts of CAPN3 protein were also compared among genotypes, and no significant differences were found. These results suggest that the reported association of specific allele variants within CAPN3 exon-10 to phenotype variations were not direct effects of CAPN3 polymorphisms. Interspecies analyses of the CAPN3 sequences indicated that the sequence reported here is more likely to be the correct common ovine CAPN3 sequence than the reference sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyo Muto
- Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences Department, Lincoln University, P.O Box84 Lincoln 7647 New Zealand.
| | - Jim Morton
- Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences Department, Lincoln University, P.O Box84 Lincoln 7647 New Zealand.
| | - David Palmer
- Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences Department, Lincoln University, P.O Box84 Lincoln 7647 New Zealand.
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Charton K, Sarparanta J, Vihola A, Milic A, Jonson PH, Suel L, Luque H, Boumela I, Richard I, Udd B. CAPN3-mediated processing of C-terminal titin replaced by pathological cleavage in titinopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3718-31. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Bogomolovas J, Gasch A, Simkovic F, Rigden DJ, Labeit S, Mayans O. Titin kinase is an inactive pseudokinase scaffold that supports MuRF1 recruitment to the sarcomeric M-line. Open Biol 2015; 4:140041. [PMID: 24850911 PMCID: PMC4042850 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle tissues undergo adaptive remodelling in response to mechanical load. This process involves the myofilament titin and, specifically, its kinase domain (TK; titin kinase) that translates mechanical signals into regulatory pathways of gene expression in the myofibril. TK mechanosensing appears mediated by a C-terminal regulatory tail (CRD) that sterically inhibits its active site. Allegedly, stretch-induced unfolding of this tail during muscle function releases TK inhibition and leads to its catalytic activation. However, the cellular pathway of TK is poorly understood and substrates proposed to date remain controversial. TK's best-established substrate is Tcap, a small structural protein of the Z-disc believed to link TK to myofibrillogenesis. Here, we show that TK is a pseudokinase with undetectable levels of catalysis and, therefore, that Tcap is not its substrate. Inactivity is the result of two atypical residues in TK's active site, M34 and E147, that do not appear compatible with canonical kinase patterns. While not mediating stretch-dependent phospho-transfers, TK binds the E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 that promotes sarcomeric ubiquitination in a stress-induced manner. Given previous evidence of MuRF2 interaction, we propose that the cellular role of TK is to act as a conformationally regulated scaffold that functionally couples the ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MuRF2, thereby coordinating muscle-specific ubiquitination pathways and myofibril trophicity. Finally, we suggest that an evolutionary dichotomy of kinases/pseudokinases has occurred in TK-like kinases, where invertebrate members are active enzymes but vertebrate counterparts perform their signalling function as pseudokinase scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julijus Bogomolovas
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Alexander Gasch
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Felix Simkovic
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Daniel J Rigden
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Siegfried Labeit
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Olga Mayans
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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47
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The N- and C-terminal autolytic fragments of CAPN3/p94/calpain-3 restore proteolytic activity by intermolecular complementation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E5527-36. [PMID: 25512505 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411959111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CAPN3/p94/calpain-3, a calpain protease family member predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, possesses unusually rapid and exhaustive autolytic activity. Mutations in the human CAPN3 gene impairing its protease functions cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A); yet, the connection between CAPN3's autolytic activity and the enzyme's function in vivo remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that CAPN3 protease activity was reconstituted by intermolecular complementation (iMOC) between its two autolytic fragments. Furthermore, the activity of full-length CAPN3 active-site mutants was surprisingly rescued through iMOC with autolytic fragments containing WT amino acid sequences. These results provide evidence that WT CAPN3 can be formed by the iMOC of two different complementary CAPN3 mutants. The finding of iMOC-mediated restoration of calpain activity indicates a novel mechanism for the genotype-phenotype links in LGMD2A.
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Etheridge T, Rahman M, Gaffney CJ, Shaw D, Shephard F, Magudia J, Solomon DE, Milne T, Blawzdziewicz J, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Greenhaff PL, Vanapalli SA, Szewczyk NJ. The integrin-adhesome is required to maintain muscle structure, mitochondrial ATP production, and movement forces in Caenorhabditis elegans. FASEB J 2014; 29:1235-46. [PMID: 25491313 PMCID: PMC4396603 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-259119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The integrin-adhesome network, which contains >150 proteins, is mechano-transducing and located at discreet positions along the cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interface. A small subset of the integrin-adhesome is known to maintain normal muscle morphology. However, the importance of the entire adhesome for muscle structure and function is unknown. We used RNA interference to knock down 113 putative Caenorhabditis elegans homologs constituting most of the mammalian adhesome and 48 proteins known to localize to attachment sites in C. elegans muscle. In both cases, we found >90% of components were required for normal muscle mitochondrial structure and/or proteostasis vs. empty vector controls. Approximately half of these, mainly proteins that physically interact with each other, were also required for normal sarcomere and/or adhesome structure. Next we confirmed that the dystrophy observed in adhesome mutants associates with impaired maximal mitochondrial ATP production (P < 0.01), as well as reduced probability distribution of muscle movement forces compared with wild-type animals. Our results show that the integrin-adhesome network as a whole is required for maintaining both muscle structure and function and extend the current understanding of the full complexities of the functional adhesome in vivo.—Etheridge, T., Rahman, M., Gaffney, C. J., Shaw, D., Shephard, F., Magudia, J., Solomon, D. E., Milne, T., Blawzdziewicz, J., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Greenhaff, P. L., Vanapalli, S. A., Szewczyk, N. J. The integrin-adhesome is required to maintain muscle structure, mitochondrial ATP production, and movement forces in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Etheridge
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Gaffney
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Shaw
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Freya Shephard
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Jignesh Magudia
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak E Solomon
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Milne
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Jerzy Blawzdziewicz
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Siva A Vanapalli
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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Ojima K, Oe M, Nakajima I, Shibata M, Chikuni K, Muroya S, Nishimura T. Proteomic analysis of secreted proteins from skeletal muscle cells during differentiation. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Ojima K, Ono Y, Hata S, Noguchi S, Nishino I, Sorimachi H. Muscle-specific calpain-3 is phosphorylated in its unique insertion region for enrichment in a myofibril fraction. Genes Cells 2014; 19:830-41. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Animal Products Research Division; NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; 2 Ikenodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Shoji Hata
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi Kodaira Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi Kodaira Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
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