1
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Daily JP, Skoultchi AI, Tomaselli GF. A tribute to Paul S. Frenette (1965–2021). J Clin Invest 2021. [DOI: 10.1172/jci155100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Anurogo D, Yuli Prasetyo Budi N, Thi Ngo MH, Huang YH, Pawitan JA. Cell and Gene Therapy for Anemia: Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Gene Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126275. [PMID: 34200975 PMCID: PMC8230702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary anemia has various manifestations, such as sickle cell disease (SCD), Fanconi anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD), and thalassemia. The available management strategies for these disorders are still unsatisfactory and do not eliminate the main causes. As genetic aberrations are the main causes of all forms of hereditary anemia, the optimal approach involves repairing the defective gene, possibly through the transplantation of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from a normal matching donor or through gene therapy approaches (either in vivo or ex vivo) to correct the patient’s HSCs. To clearly illustrate the importance of cell and gene therapy in hereditary anemia, this paper provides a review of the genetic aberration, epidemiology, clinical features, current management, and cell and gene therapy endeavors related to SCD, thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, and G6PDD. Moreover, we expound the future research direction of HSC derivation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), strategies to edit HSCs, gene therapy risk mitigation, and their clinical perspectives. In conclusion, gene-corrected hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has promising outcomes for SCD, Fanconi anemia, and thalassemia, and it may overcome the limitation of the source of allogenic bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dito Anurogo
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar 90221, Indonesia
| | - Nova Yuli Prasetyo Budi
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Huong Thi Ngo
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (J.A.P.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3150) (Y.-H.H.); +62-812-9535-0097 (J.A.P.)
| | - Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (J.A.P.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3150) (Y.-H.H.); +62-812-9535-0097 (J.A.P.)
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Juzenaite G, Secklehner J, Vuononvirta J, Helbawi Y, Mackey JBG, Dean C, Harker JA, Carlin LM, Rankin S, De Filippo K. Lung Marginated and Splenic Murine Resident Neutrophils Constitute Pioneers in Tissue-Defense During Systemic E. coli Challenge. Front Immunol 2021; 12:597595. [PMID: 33953706 PMCID: PMC8089477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.597595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid response of neutrophils throughout the body to a systemic challenge is a critical first step in resolution of bacterial infection such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). Here we delineated the dynamics of this response, revealing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms using lung and spleen intravital microscopy and 3D ex vivo culture of living precision cut splenic slices in combination with fluorescent labelling of endogenous leukocytes. Within seconds after challenge, intravascular marginated neutrophils and lung endothelial cells (ECs) work cooperatively to capture pathogens. Neutrophils retained on lung ECs slow their velocity and aggregate in clusters that enlarge as circulating neutrophils carrying E. coli stop within the microvasculature. The absolute number of splenic neutrophils does not change following challenge; however, neutrophils increase their velocity, migrate to the marginal zone (MZ) and form clusters. Irrespective of their location all neutrophils capturing heat-inactivated E. coli take on an activated phenotype showing increasing surface CD11b. At a molecular level we show that neutralization of ICAM-1 results in splenic neutrophil redistribution to the MZ under homeostasis. Following challenge, splenic levels of CXCL12 and ICAM-1 are reduced allowing neutrophils to migrate to the MZ in a CD29-integrin dependent manner, where the enlargement of splenic neutrophil clusters is CXCR2-CXCL2 dependent. We show directly molecular mechanisms that allow tissue resident neutrophils to provide the first lines of antimicrobial defense by capturing circulating E. coli and forming clusters both in the microvessels of the lung and in the parenchyma of the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goda Juzenaite
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Secklehner
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Juho Vuononvirta
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoseph Helbawi
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John B. G. Mackey
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Harker
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leo M. Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Rankin
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katia De Filippo
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Li C, Goncalves KA, Raskó T, Pande A, Gil S, Liu Z, Izsvák Z, Papayannopoulou T, Davis JC, Kiem HP, Lieber A. Single-dose MGTA-145/plerixafor leads to efficient mobilization and in vivo transduction of HSCs with thalassemia correction in mice. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1239-1249. [PMID: 33646305 PMCID: PMC7948287 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed an in vivo hemopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy approach without the need for myelosuppressive conditioning and autologous HSC transplantation. It involves HSC mobilization and IV injection of a helper-dependent adenovirus HDAd5/35++ vector system. The current mobilization regimen consists of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injections over a 4-day period, followed by the administration of plerixafor/AMD3100. We tested a simpler, 2-hour, G-CSF-free mobilization regimen using truncated GRO-β (MGTA-145; a CXCR2 agonist) and plerixafor in the context of in vivo HSC transduction in mice. The MGTA-145+plerixafor combination resulted in robust mobilization of HSCs. Importantly, compared with G-CSF+plerixafor, MGTA-145+plerixafor led to significantly less leukocytosis and no elevation of serum interleukin-6 levels and was thus likely to be less toxic. With both mobilization regimens, after in vivo selection with O6-benzylguanine (O6BG)/BCNU, stable GFP marking was achieved in >90% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Genome-wide analysis showed random, multiclonal vector integration. In vivo HSC transduction after mobilization with MGTA-145+plerixafor in a mouse model for thalassemia resulted in >95% human γ-globin+ erythrocytes at a level of 36% of mouse β-globin. Phenotypic analyses showed a complete correction of thalassemia. The γ-globin marking percentage and level were maintained in secondary recipients, further demonstrating that MGTA145+plerixafor mobilizes long-term repopulating HSCs. Our study indicates that brief exposure to MGTA-145+plerixafor may be advantageous as a mobilization regimen for in vivo HSC gene therapy applications across diseases, including thalassemia and sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Tamás Raskó
- AG "Mobile DNA Lab," Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Amit Pande
- AG "Mobile DNA Lab," Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Sucheol Gil
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Zhinan Liu
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- AG "Mobile DNA Lab," Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - André Lieber
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Plasma microparticles of sickle patients during crisis or taking hydroxyurea modify endothelium inflammatory properties. Blood 2021; 136:247-256. [PMID: 32285120 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020004853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are submicron extracellular vesicles exposing phosphatidylserine (PS), detected at high concentration in the circulation of sickle cell anemia (SS) patients. Several groups studied the biological effects of MPs generated ex vivo. Here, we analyzed for the first time the impact of circulating MPs on endothelial cells (ECs) from 60 sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. MPs were collected from SCD patients and compared with MPs isolated from healthy individuals (AA). Other plasma MPs were purified from SS patients before and 2 years after the onset of hydroxyurea (HU) treatment or during a vaso-occlusive crisis and at steady-state. Compared with AA MPs, SS MPs increased EC ICAM-1 messenger RNA and protein levels, as well as neutrophil adhesion. We showed that ICAM-1 overexpression was primarily caused by MPs derived from erythrocytes, rather than from platelets, and that it was abolished by MP PS capping using annexin V. MPs from SS patients treated with HU were less efficient to induce a proinflammatory phenotype in ECs compared with MPs collected before therapy. In contrast, MPs released during crisis increased ICAM-1 and neutrophil adhesion levels, in a PS-dependent manner, compared with MPs collected at steady-state. Furthermore, neutrophil adhesion was abolished by a blocking anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Our study provides evidence that MPs play a key role in SCD pathophysiology by triggering a proinflammatory phenotype of ECs. We also uncover a new mode of action for HU and identify potential therapeutics: annexin V and anti-ICAM-1 antibodies.
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The cause and pathogenesis of hemolytic transfusion reactions in sickle-cell disease. Curr Opin Hematol 2020; 26:488-494. [PMID: 31589171 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review aims to summarize the epidemiology, cause, pathophysiology, and management of hemolytic transfusion reactions in sickle-cell disease (SCD). RECENT FINDINGS Patients undergoing occasional, isolated transfusions have been shown to have a higher risk of developing this condition. Despite the identification of well known risk factors, including alloimmunization, the pathophysiology of this syndrome remains unclear, as very severe forms with hyperhemolysis may develop in the absence of detectable antibodies, or with antibodies that are not considered to be clinically significant. Complement plays a crucial role in this reaction, particularly in cases of intravascular hemolysis. Complement triggers the reaction, but it also amplifies the inflammatory response and aggravates tissue damage. Free heme and hemoglobin are released and interact with complement, causing tissue damage. SUMMARY Hemolytic transfusion reactions are the most feared complications of blood transfusion in patients with SCD. This reaction is underdiagnosed because it mimics a vaso-occlusive crisis. Alloimmunization against red blood cell antigens is known to be a major trigger of this reaction, but abnormal complement activation and the underlying condition in patients with chronic hemolysis, may amplify the reaction. There is an urgent need to develop evidence-based approaches for preventing and treating this reaction.
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7
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Blessinger SA, Tran JQ, Jackman RP, Gilfanova R, Rittenhouse J, Gutierrez AG, Heitman JW, Hazegh K, Kanias T, Muench MO. Immunodeficient mice are better for modeling the transfusion of human blood components than wild-type mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237106. [PMID: 32735605 PMCID: PMC7394438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are vital to the study of transfusion and development of new blood products. Post-transfusion recovery of human blood components can be studied in mice, however, there is a need to identify strains that can best tolerate xenogeneic transfusions, as well as to optimize such protocols. Specifically, the importance of using immunodeficient mice, such as NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice, to study human transfusion has been questioned. In this study, strains of wild-type and NSG mice were compared as hosts for human transfusions with outcomes quantified by flow cytometric analyses of CD235a+ erythrocytes, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD41+CD42b+ platelets. Complete blood counts were evaluated as well as serum cytokines by multiplexing methods. Circulating human blood cells were maintained better in NSG than in wild-type mice. Lethargy and hemoglobinuria were observed in the first hours in wild-type mice along with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor α, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC or CXCL1), and interleukin-6, whereas NSG mice were less severely affected. Whole blood transfusion resulted in rapid sequestration and then release of human cells back into the circulation within several hours. This rebound effect diminished when only erythrocytes were transfused. Nonetheless, human erythrocytes were found in excess of mouse erythrocytes in the liver and lungs and had a shorter half-life in circulation. Variables affecting the outcomes of transfused erythrocytes were cell dose and mouse weight; recipient sex did not affect outcomes. The sensitivity and utility of this xenogeneic model were shown by measuring the effects of erythrocyte damage due to exposure to the oxidizer diamide on post-transfusion recovery. Overall, immunodeficient mice are superior models for xenotransfusion as they maintain improved post-transfusion recovery with negligible immune-associated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johnson Q. Tran
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Rachael P. Jackman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Renata Gilfanova
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Alan G. Gutierrez
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - John W. Heitman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Hazegh
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Tamir Kanias
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, CO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Marcus O. Muench
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Darbari DS, Sheehan VA, Ballas SK. The vaso-occlusive pain crisis in sickle cell disease: Definition, pathophysiology, and management. Eur J Haematol 2020; 105:237-246. [PMID: 32301178 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of a vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) are critical to the management of patients with sickle cell disease. It is essential to differentiate between VOC-associated pain and chronic pain, hyperalgesia, neuropathy, and neuropathic pain. The pathophysiology of VOCs includes polymerization of abnormal sickle hemoglobin, inflammation, and adhesion. Hydroxyurea, L-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxelotor have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for reducing the frequency of VOCs; the European Medicines Agency has approved only hydroxyurea. Other novel treatments are in late-stage clinical development in both the United States and the European Union. The development of agents for prevention and treatment of VOCs should be driven by our understanding of its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika S Darbari
- Division of Hematology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vivien A Sheehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samir K Ballas
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Delayed haemolytic and serologic transfusion reactions: pathophysiology, treatment and prevention. Curr Opin Hematol 2019; 25:459-467. [PMID: 30124474 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to summarize the basic epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of delayed serologic and delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTRs), as well as recent developments in our understanding of these adverse events. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies have identified risk factors for DHTRs, including high alloantibody evanescence rates among both general patient groups and those with sickle cell disease (SCD). Antibody detection is also hampered by the phenomenon of transfusion record fragmentation. There have also been enhancements in understanding of what may contribute to the more severe, hyperhaemolytic nature of DHTRs in SCD, including data regarding 'suicidal red blood cell death' and immune dysregulation amongst transfusion recipients with SCD. With growing recognition and study of hyperhaemolytic DHTRs, there have been improvements in management strategies for this entity, including a multitude of reports on using novel immunosuppressive agents for preventing or treating such reactions. SUMMARY Delayed serologic and haemolytic reactions remain important and highly relevant transfusion-associated adverse events. Future directions include further unravelling the basic mechanisms, which underlie DHTRs and developing evidence-based approaches for treating these reactions. Implementing practical preventive strategies is also a priority.
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10
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Cheng Y, Ma XL, Wei YQ, Wei XW. Potential roles and targeted therapy of the CXCLs/CXCR2 axis in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:289-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Ng MSY, Suen JY, Tung JP, Fraser JF. Endothelialized flow models for blood transfusion research. Haematologica 2019; 104:428-434. [PMID: 30765473 PMCID: PMC6395319 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.205203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica S Y Ng
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jacky Y Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - John-Paul Tung
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
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12
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Hod EA. Consequences of hemolysis: Pro-inflammatory cytokine response to erythrophagocytosis. Transfus Clin Biol 2019; 26:125-127. [PMID: 30862396 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) can be cleared from the circulation either intravascularly or extravascularly. In the setting of an IgG-mediated delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR), most RBC clearance is typically extravascular, presumably by phagocytosis by liver and splenic macrophages. Animal models of HTRs suggest that this RBC clearance is associated with a pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Although IgG-mediated HTRs are typically benign, they can lead to vaso-occlusive crises and further complications, such as hyperhemolysis, in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Why the manifestations of HTRs are more severe in the setting of SCD has yet to be determined; however, in this symposium paper, we provide a review of the evidence that robust RBC phagocytosis results in a pro-inflammatory cytokine response, which may induce vaso-occlusive crises and further complications in the setting of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Hod
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons - Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York 10032, United States.
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13
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Sundd P, Gladwin MT, Novelli EM. Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 14:263-292. [PMID: 30332562 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of sickle cell disease (SCD) in 1910, enormous strides have been made in the elucidation of the pathogenesis of its protean complications, which has inspired recent advances in targeted molecular therapies. In SCD, a single amino acid substitution in the β-globin chain leads to polymerization of mutant hemoglobin S, impairing erythrocyte rheology and survival. Clinically, erythrocyte abnormalities in SCD manifest in hemolytic anemia and cycles of microvascular vaso-occlusion leading to end-organ ischemia-reperfusion injury and infarction. Vaso-occlusive events and intravascular hemolysis promote inflammation and redox instability that lead to progressive small- and large-vessel vasculopathy. Based on current evidence, the pathobiology of SCD is considered to be a vicious cycle of four major processes, all the subject of active study and novel therapeutic targeting: ( a) hemoglobin S polymerization, ( b) impaired biorheology and increased adhesion-mediated vaso-occlusion, ( c) hemolysis-mediated endothelial dysfunction, and ( d) concerted activation of sterile inflammation (Toll-like receptor 4- and inflammasome-dependent innate immune pathways). These molecular, cellular, and biophysical processes synergize to promote acute and chronic pain and end-organ injury and failure in SCD. This review provides an exhaustive overview of the current understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of SCD, how this pathophysiology contributes to complications of the central nervous and cardiopulmonary systems, and how this knowledge is being harnessed to develop current and potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithu Sundd
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA; .,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Sickle Cell Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA; .,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Sickle Cell Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Enrico M Novelli
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Sickle Cell Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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14
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Abstract
Erythrocytes regulate vascular function through the modulation of oxygen delivery and the scavenging and generation of nitric oxide (NO). First, hemoglobin inside the red blood cell binds oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to tissues throughout the body in an allosterically regulated process, modulated by oxygen, carbon dioxide and proton concentrations. The vasculature responds to low oxygen tensions through vasodilation, further recruiting blood flow and oxygen carrying erythrocytes. Research has shown multiple mechanisms are at play in this classical hypoxic vasodilatory response, with a potential role of red cell derived vasodilatory molecules, such as nitrite derived nitric oxide and red blood cell ATP, considered in the last 20 years. According to these hypotheses, red blood cells release vasodilatory molecules under low oxygen pressures. Candidate molecules released by erythrocytes and responsible for hypoxic vasodilation are nitric oxide, adenosine triphosphate and S-nitrosothiols. Our research group has characterized the biochemistry and physiological effects of the electron and proton transfer reactions from hemoglobin and other ferrous heme globins with nitrite to form NO. In addition to NO generation from nitrite during deoxygenation, hemoglobin has a high affinity for NO. Scavenging of NO by hemoglobin can cause vasoconstriction, which is greatly enhanced by cell free hemoglobin outside of the red cell. Therefore, compartmentalization of hemoglobin inside red blood cells and localization of red blood cells in the blood stream are important for healthy vascular function. Conditions where erythrocyte lysis leads to cell free hemoglobin or where erythrocytes adhere to the endothelium can result in hypertension and vaso constriction. These studies support a model where hemoglobin serves as an oxido-reductase, inhibiting NO and promoting higher vessel tone when oxygenated and reducing nitrite to form NO and vasodilate when deoxygenated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Helms
- Physics Department, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Physics Department, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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15
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A thalidomide–hydroxyurea hybrid increases HbF production in sickle cell mice and reduces the release of proinflammatory cytokines in cultured monocytes. Exp Hematol 2018; 58:35-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Pu Y, Wang M, Hong Y, Wu Y, Tang Z. Adiponectin promotes human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell chemotaxis via CXCL1 and CXCL8. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1411-1419. [PMID: 28176455 PMCID: PMC5487911 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) is known to promote the osteogenic differentiation of human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (h‐JBMMSCs). However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Previously, we showed that APN could promote h‐JBMMSC osteogenesis via APPL1‐p38 by up‐regulating osteogenesis‐related genes. Here, we aimed to determine whether APN could promote h‐JBMMSC chemotaxis through CXCL1/CXCL8. The CCK‐8, wound healing and transwell assays were used to evaluate the proliferation, migration and chemotaxis of h‐JBMMSCs with or without APN treatment. Chemotaxis‐related genes were screened using RNA‐seq, and the results were validated using real‐time PCR and ELISA. We also performed Western blot using the AMPK inhibitor, WZ4003, and the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, to identify the signalling pathway involved. We found that APN could promote h‐JBMMSC chemotaxis in the co‐culture transwell system. CXCL1 and CXCL8 were screened and confirmed as the up‐regulated target genes. The APN‐induced CXCL1/8 up‐regulation to promote chemotaxis could be blocked by CXCR2 inhibitor SB225002. Western blot revealed that the phosphorylation of AMPK and p38 MAPK increased in a time‐dependent manner with APN treatment. Additionally, WZ4003 and SB203580 could suppress the APN‐induced overexpression of CXCL1 and CXCL8. The results of the transwell chemotaxis assay also supported the above results. Our data suggest that APN can promote h‐JBMMSC chemotaxis by up‐regulating CXCL1 and CXCL8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfei Pu
- 2nd Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- 2nd Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Hong
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- 2nd Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Tang
- 2nd Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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17
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Alapan Y, Fraiwan A, Kucukal E, Hasan MN, Ung R, Kim M, Odame I, Little JA, Gurkan UA. Emerging point-of-care technologies for sickle cell disease screening and monitoring. Expert Rev Med Devices 2016; 13:1073-1093. [PMID: 27785945 PMCID: PMC5166583 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2016.1254038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) affects 100,000 Americans and more than 14 million people globally, mostly in economically disadvantaged populations, and requires early diagnosis after birth and constant monitoring throughout the life-span of the patient. Areas covered: Early diagnosis of SCD still remains a challenge in preventing childhood mortality in the developing world due to requirements of skilled personnel and high-cost of currently available modalities. On the other hand, SCD monitoring presents insurmountable challenges due to heterogeneities among patient populations, as well as in the same individual longitudinally. Here, we describe emerging point-of-care micro/nano platform technologies for SCD screening and monitoring, and critically discuss current state of the art, potential challenges associated with these technologies, and future directions. Expert commentary: Recently developed microtechnologies offer simple, rapid, and affordable screening of SCD and have the potential to facilitate universal screening in resource-limited settings and developing countries. On the other hand, monitoring of SCD is more complicated compared to diagnosis and requires comprehensive validation of efficacy. Early use of novel microdevices for patient monitoring might come in especially handy in new clinical trial designs of emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Alapan
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arwa Fraiwan
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erdem Kucukal
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M. Noman Hasan
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Ung
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Myeongseop Kim
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Isaac Odame
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jane A. Little
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center at University Hospitals, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Umut A. Gurkan
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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18
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Neutrophils, platelets, and inflammatory pathways at the nexus of sickle cell disease pathophysiology. Blood 2016; 127:801-9. [PMID: 26758915 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-618538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a severe genetic blood disorder characterized by hemolytic anemia, episodic vaso-occlusion, and progressive organ damage. Current management of the disease remains symptomatic or preventative. Specific treatment targeting major complications such as vaso-occlusion is still lacking. Recent studies have identified various cellular and molecular factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of SCD. Here, we review the role of these elements and discuss the opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Wu F, Zhao Y, Jiao T, Shi D, Zhu X, Zhang M, Shi M, Zhou H. CXCR2 is essential for cerebral endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment during neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:98. [PMID: 25990934 PMCID: PMC4438521 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokines and chemokine receptors cooperate to promote immune cell recruitment to the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we investigated the roles of CXCR2 and CXCL1 in leukocyte recruitment to the CNS using a murine model of neuroinflammation. Methods Wild-type (WT), CXCL1−/−, and CXCR2−/− mice each received an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Esterase staining and intravital microscopy were performed to examine neutrophil recruitment to the brain. To assess endothelial activation in these mice, the expression of adhesion molecules was measured via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. To identify the cellular source of functional CXCR2, chimeric mice were generated by transferring bone marrow cells between the WT and CXCR2−/− mice. Results Expression levels of the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL5 were significantly increased in the brain following the i.c.v. injection of LPS. CXCR2 or CXCL1 deficiency blocked neutrophil infiltration and leukocyte recruitment in the cerebral microvessels. In the CXCR2−/− and CXCL1−/− mice, the cerebral endothelial expression of adhesion molecules such as P-selectin and VCAM-1 was dramatically reduced. Furthermore, the bone marrow transfer experiments demonstrated that CXCR2 expression on CNS-residing cells is essential for cerebral endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment. Compared with microglia, cultured astrocytes secreted a much higher level of CXCL1 in vitro. Astrocyte culture conditioned medium significantly increased the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in cerebral endothelial cells in a CXCR2-dependent manner. Additionally, CXCR2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in cerebral endothelial cells but not in microglia or astrocytes was increased following tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation. The intravenous injection of the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 significantly inhibited endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment to cerebral microvessels. Conclusions CXCL1 secreted by astrocytes and endothelial CXCR2 play essential roles in cerebral endothelial activation and subsequent leukocyte recruitment during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, JS, 210029, China.
| | - Yawei Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, JS, 210029, China.
| | - Tian Jiao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, JS, 210029, China.
| | - Dongyan Shi
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, JS, 210029, China.
| | - Xingxing Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, JS, 210029, China.
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, JS, 210029, China.
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, JS, 210029, China.
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20
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Sankaran VG, Weiss MJ. Anemia: progress in molecular mechanisms and therapies. Nat Med 2015; 21:221-30. [PMID: 25742458 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anemia is a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here we review recent insights into how red blood cells (RBCs) are produced, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying various forms of anemia, and novel therapies derived from these findings. It is likely that these new insights, mainly arising from basic scientific studies, will contribute immensely to both the understanding of frequently debilitating forms of anemia and the ability to treat affected patients. Major worldwide diseases that are likely to benefit from new advances include the hemoglobinopathies (β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease); rare genetic disorders of RBC production; and anemias associated with chronic kidney disease, inflammation, and cancer. Promising new approaches to treatment include drugs that target recently defined pathways in RBC production, iron metabolism, and fetal globin-family gene expression, as well as gene therapies that use improved viral vectors and newly developed genome editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay G Sankaran
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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21
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Kishida K, Kohyama M, Kurashima Y, Kogure Y, Wang J, Hirayasu K, Suenaga T, Kiyono H, Kunisawa J, Arase H. Negative regulation of DSS-induced experimental colitis by PILRα. Int Immunol 2015; 27:307-14. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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22
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Zimring JC, Spitalnik SL. Pathobiology of Transfusion Reactions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2015; 10:83-110. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James C. Zimring
- Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98102;
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Steven L. Spitalnik
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
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23
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Increase of serum fractalkine and fractalkine gene expression levels in sickle cell disease patients. Int J Hematol 2014; 101:114-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Hoppe CC. Inflammatory Mediators of Endothelial Injury in Sickle Cell Disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2014; 28:265-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Observation of mesenteric microcirculatory disturbance in rat by laser oblique scanning optical microscopy. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1762. [PMID: 23640310 PMCID: PMC3642718 DOI: 10.1038/srep01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury model has been widely applied to the study of microcirculation disturbance. In this work, we used laser oblique scanning optical microscopy (LOSOM) to observe the microcirculation system in the mesentery of rat model. Utilizing a localized point-scanning detection scheme, high-contrast images of leukocytes were obtained. The extended detection capability facilitated both the automatic in vivo cell counting and the accurate measurement of the rolling velocity of leukocytes. Statistical analysis of the different treatment groups suggested that the distinction between I/R and sham groups with time lapse is significant.
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26
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Sueoka H, Hirano T, Uda Y, Iimuro Y, Yamanaka J, Fujimoto J. Blockage of CXCR2 suppresses tumor growth of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. Surgery 2014; 155:640-9. [PMID: 24582495 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Complete operative resection is the only approach to cure for intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC), but the disease's prognosis is notably poor. A novel therapeutic approach is urgently required. CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) has been associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in human cancers. In this study, we investigated the suppressive effect of ICC growth by blocking CXCR2. MATERIAL AND METHODS The role of CXCR2 was estimated using the human ICC cell lines, RBE and SSP25. CXCR2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and an antagonist (SB225002) were used to block CXCR2. Proliferation assays, migration assays, and invasion assays were performed to confirm the suppressive effect of blocking CXCR2. Subcutaneous SSP25 tumors were established in athymic nude mice, and the mice were given SB225002. The expression of CXCR2 in ICC was determined by immunohistochemical staining of 34 ICC specimens. We investigated the relationship between CXCR2 expression and prognosis in ICC. RESULTS The prognosis of patients who had higher CXCR2 expression in ICC was significantly poor (P = .004). CXCR2 siRNA treatment significantly suppressed CXCR2 expression in both RBE and SSP25. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were significantly suppressed by both CXCR2 siRNA and SB225002 compared with the control group. SB225002 also suppressed the growth of transplanted subcutaneous tumors (P = .02) CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that blocking CXCR2 clearly suppressed the development of ICC. Blocking CXCR2 may be a promising therapeutic approach for ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Sueoka
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Hirano
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yugo Uda
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuji Iimuro
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamanaka
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
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27
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DiCarlo J, Agarwal-Hashmi R, Shah A, Kim P, Craveiro L, Killen R, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Maecker H. Cytokine and chemokine patterns across 100 days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 20:361-9. [PMID: 24316459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We mapped the cytokine response to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) by assaying 51 cytokines and chemokines each week for 100 days in 51 children receiving allogeneic (n = 44) or autologous HSCT (n = 7). Assay values were reported as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Log transformation converted MFI to clinically relevant measures (ie, pg/mL). We searched for potential markers of transplant complications by using mixed treatment by subject analysis of variance. Global cytokine secretion in HSCT recipients was significantly lower than in concurrent control patients (n = 11). Coincident with the nadir in WBC count, the concentration of many cytokines declined further by the second and third week. All analytes (except monokine induced by gamma interferon [MIG]) subsequently rebounded by week 4 (coincident with engraftment and recovery of WBC count) but often still remained well below control levels. Concurrent with the collective nadir of multiple cytokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), growth-regulated oncogene alpha (GRO-a), and leptin surged during weeks 2 to 4. High levels of leptin persisted throughout the 100 post-transplant days. Also during weeks 2 to 4, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and IL-6 surged in children with complications but not in those without complications. The peak in HGF was more pronounced in veno-occlusive disease (VOD). HGF and IL-6 secretion rose at least 2 weeks before the clinical diagnosis of VOD or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). From week 4 onward in all groups, the MFI of the cytokine resistin increased to 5 to 15 times above concurrent control. HGF has now emerged in 3 or more biomarker discovery efforts for GVHD (and in our population for VOD as well). HGF (with or without IL-6) should be investigated as a potential predictive biomarker of VOD or GVHD. Alternatively, the hyperinflammatory "signature" provided by a multicytokine assay may be predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph DiCarlo
- Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Rajni Agarwal-Hashmi
- Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ami Shah
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul Kim
- Pediatric Critical Care, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Laila Craveiro
- Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Renna Killen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yael Rosenberg-Hasson
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Holden Maecker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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28
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Abstract
Recurrent and unpredictable episodes of vaso-occlusion are the hallmark of sickle cell disease. Symptomatic management and prevention of these events using the fetal hemoglobin-reactivating agent hydroxyurea are currently the mainstay of treatment. Discoveries over the past 2 decades have highlighted the important contributions of various cellular and soluble participants in the vaso-occlusive cascade. The role of these elements and the opportunities for therapeutic intervention are summarized in this review.
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29
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Poluri KM, Joseph PRB, Sawant KV, Rajarathnam K. Molecular basis of glycosaminoglycan heparin binding to the chemokine CXCL1 dimer. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25143-25153. [PMID: 23864653 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.492579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-bound and soluble chemokine gradients in the vasculature and extracellular matrix mediate neutrophil recruitment to the site of microbial infection and sterile injury in the host tissue. However, the molecular principles by which chemokine-GAG interactions orchestrate these gradients are poorly understood. This, in part, can be directly attributed to the complex interrelationship between the chemokine monomer-dimer equilibrium and binding geometry and affinities that are also intimately linked to GAG length. To address some of this missing knowledge, we have characterized the structural basis of heparin binding to the murine CXCL1 dimer. CXCL1 is a neutrophil-activating chemokine and exists as both monomers and dimers (Kd = 36 μm). To avoid interference from monomer-GAG interactions, we designed a trapped dimer (dCXCL1) by introducing a disulfide bridge across the dimer interface. We characterized the binding of GAG heparin octasaccharide to dCXCL1 using solution NMR spectroscopy. Our studies show that octasaccharide binds orthogonally to the interhelical axis and spans the dimer interface and that heparin binding enhances the structural integrity of the C-terminal helical residues and stability of the dimer. We generated a quadruple mutant (H20A/K22A/K62A/K66A) on the basis of the binding data and observed that this mutant failed to bind heparin octasaccharide, validating our structural model. We propose that the stability enhancement of dimers upon GAG binding regulates in vivo neutrophil trafficking by increasing the lifetime of "active" chemokines, and that this structural knowledge could be exploited for designing inhibitors that disrupt chemokine-GAG interactions and neutrophil homing to the target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mohan Poluri
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, and
| | - Prem Raj B Joseph
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, and
| | - Kirti V Sawant
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Krishna Rajarathnam
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, and; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555.
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30
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Noizat-Pirenne F. Relevance of blood groups in transfusion of sickle cell disease patients. C R Biol 2013; 336:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Manwani D, Frenette PS. Vaso-occlusion in sickle cell disease: pathophysiology and novel targeted therapies. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2013; 2013:362-369. [PMID: 24319205 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent and unpredictable episodes of vaso-occlusion are the hallmark of sickle cell disease. Symptomatic management and prevention of these events using the fetal hemoglobin-reactivating agent hydroxyurea are currently the mainstay of treatment. Discoveries over the past 2 decades have highlighted the important contributions of various cellular and soluble participants in the vaso-occlusive cascade. The role of these elements and the opportunities for therapeutic intervention are summarized in this review.
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32
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Hydroxyurea and a cGMP-amplifying agent have immediate benefits on acute vaso-occlusive events in sickle cell disease mice. Blood 2012; 120:2879-88. [PMID: 22833547 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-409524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium represents a novel and important approach for decreasing sickle cell disease (SCD) vaso-occlusion. Using a humanized SCD-mouse-model of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced acute vaso-occlusion, we herein present data demonstrating that short-term administration of either hydroxyurea or the phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) inhibitor, BAY73-6691, significantly altered leukocyte recruitment to the microvasculature. Notably, the administration of both agents led to marked improvements in leukocyte rolling and adhesion and decreased heterotypic red blood cell-leukocyte interactions, coupled with prolonged animal survival. Mechanistically, these rheologic benefits were associated with decreased endothelial adhesion molecule expression, as well as diminished leukocyte Mac-1-integrin activation and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-signaling, leading to reduced leukocyte recruitment. Our findings indicate that hydroxyurea has immediate beneficial effects on the microvasculature in acute sickle-cell crises that are independent of the drug's fetal hemoglobin-elevating properties and probably involve the formation of intravascular nitric oxide. In addition, inhibition of PDE9, an enzyme highly expressed in hematopoietic cells, amplified the cGMP-elevating effects of hydroxyurea and may represent a promising and more tissue-specific adjuvant therapy for this disease.
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33
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Noizat-Pirenne F. Relevance of alloimmunization in haemolytic transfusion reaction in sickle cell disease. Transfus Clin Biol 2012; 19:132-8. [PMID: 22818360 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Red blood cell alloimmunization in sickle cell disease: pathophysiology, risk factors, and transfusion management. Blood 2012; 120:528-37. [PMID: 22563085 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-11-327361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell transfusions have reduced morbidity and mortality for patients with sickle cell disease. Transfusions can lead to erythrocyte alloimmunization, however, with serious complications for the patient including life-threatening delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions and difficulty in finding compatible units, which can cause transfusion delays. In this review, we discuss the risk factors associated with alloimmunization with emphasis on possible mechanisms that can trigger delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions in sickle cell disease, and we describe the challenges in transfusion management of these patients, including opportunities and emerging approaches for minimizing this life-threatening complication.
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Jang JE, Hidalgo A, Frenette PS. Intravenous immunoglobulins modulate neutrophil activation and vascular injury through FcγRIII and SHP-1. Circ Res 2012; 110:1057-66. [PMID: 22415018 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.266411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Intravascular neutrophil recruitment and activation are key pathogenic factors that contribute to vascular injury. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been shown to have a beneficial effect in systemic inflammatory disorders; however, the mechanisms underlying IVIG's inhibitory effect on neutrophil recruitment and activation are not understood. OBJECTIVE We studied the mechanisms by which IVIG exerts protection from neutrophil-mediated acute vascular injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined neutrophil behavior in response to IVIG in vivo, using real-time intravital microscopy. We found that an antibody that blocks both FcγRIII and its inhibitory receptor counterpart, FcγRIIB, abrogated the inhibitory effect of IVIG on leukocyte recruitment and heterotypic red blood cell (RBC) interactions with adherent leukocytes in wild-type mice. In the context of sickle cell disease, the blockade of both FcγRIIB and III abrogated the protective effect of IVIG on acute vaso-occlusive crisis caused by neutrophil recruitment and activation. Analysis of FcγRIIB- and FcγRIII-deficient mice revealed the predominant expression of FcγRIII on circulating neutrophils. FcγRIII mediated IVIG-triggered inhibition of leukocyte recruitment, circulating RBC capture, and enhanced Mac-1 activity, whereas FcγRIIB was dispensable. In addition, FcγRIII-induced IVIG anti-inflammatory activity in neutrophils was mediated by recruitment of Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). Indeed, the protective effect of IVIG on leukocyte recruitment and activation was abrogated in SHP-1-mutant mice. CONCLUSIONS FcγRIII, a classic activating receptor, has an unexpected inhibitory role on neutrophil adhesion and activation via recruitment of SHP-1 in response to IVIG. Our results identify SHP-1 as a therapeutic target in neutrophil-mediated vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Jang
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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