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Kong D, Liu J, Lu J, Zeng C, Chen H, Duan Z, Yu K, Zheng X, Zou P, Zhou L, Lv Y, Zeng Q, Lu L, Li J, He Y. HMGB2 Release Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension and Predicts Severity and Mortality of Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:e172-e195. [PMID: 38572649 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and life-threatening disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, which involves aberrant proliferation and apoptosis resistance of the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), resembling the hallmark characteristics of cancer. In cancer, the HMGB2 (high-mobility group box 2) protein promotes the pro-proliferative/antiapoptotic phenotype. However, the function of HMGB2 in PH remains uninvestigated. METHODS Smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific HMGB2 knockout or HMGB2-OE (HMGB2 overexpression) mice and HMGB2 silenced rats were used to establish hypoxia+Su5416 (HySu)-induced PH mouse and monocrotaline-induced PH rat models, respectively. The effects of HMGB2 and its underlying mechanisms were subsequently elucidated using RNA-sequencing and cellular and molecular biology analyses. Serum HMGB2 levels were measured in the controls and patients with pulmonary arterial (PA) hypertension. RESULTS HMGB2 expression was markedly increased in the PAs of patients with PA hypertension and PH rodent models and was predominantly localized in PASMCs. SMC-specific HMGB2 deficiency or silencing attenuated PH development and pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia+Su5416-induced mice and monocrotaline-treated rats. SMC-specific HMGB2 overexpression aggravated hypoxia+Su5416-induced PH. HMGB2 knockdown inhibited PASMC proliferation in vitro in response to PDGF-BB (platelet-derived growth factor-BB). In contrast, HMGB2 protein stimulation caused the hyperproliferation of PASMCs. In addition, HMGB2 promoted PASMC proliferation and the development of PH by RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products)/FAK (focal adhesion kinase)-mediated Hippo/YAP (yes-associated protein) signaling suppression. Serum HMGB2 levels were significantly increased in patients with PA hypertension, and they correlated with disease severity, predicting worse survival. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that targeting HMGB2 might be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating PH. Serum HMGB2 levels could serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosing PA hypertension and determining its prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- HMGB2 Protein/genetics
- HMGB2 Protein/metabolism
- Humans
- Vascular Remodeling
- Male
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Rats
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice
- Cell Proliferation
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/physiopathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Female
- Cells, Cultured
- Middle Aged
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Kong
- Departments of Cardiology (D.K., J. Liu, C.Z., H.C., X.Z., P.Z., L.Z., J. Li, Y.H.), The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital (D.K., Z.D., Y.L., Q.Z.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Departments of Cardiology (D.K., J. Liu, C.Z., H.C., X.Z., P.Z., L.Z., J. Li, Y.H.), The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junmi Lu
- Pathology (J. Lu), The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Departments of Cardiology (D.K., J. Liu, C.Z., H.C., X.Z., P.Z., L.Z., J. Li, Y.H.), The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Departments of Cardiology (D.K., J. Liu, C.Z., H.C., X.Z., P.Z., L.Z., J. Li, Y.H.), The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Duan
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital (D.K., Z.D., Y.L., Q.Z.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ke Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangdong, China (K.Y.)
| | - Xialei Zheng
- Departments of Cardiology (D.K., J. Liu, C.Z., H.C., X.Z., P.Z., L.Z., J. Li, Y.H.), The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Zou
- Departments of Cardiology (D.K., J. Liu, C.Z., H.C., X.Z., P.Z., L.Z., J. Li, Y.H.), The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liufang Zhou
- Departments of Cardiology (D.K., J. Liu, C.Z., H.C., X.Z., P.Z., L.Z., J. Li, Y.H.), The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China (L.Z.)
| | - Yicheng Lv
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital (D.K., Z.D., Y.L., Q.Z.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Qingye Zeng
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital (D.K., Z.D., Y.L., Q.Z.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital (L.L.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Departments of Cardiology (D.K., J. Liu, C.Z., H.C., X.Z., P.Z., L.Z., J. Li, Y.H.), The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhu He
- Departments of Cardiology (D.K., J. Liu, C.Z., H.C., X.Z., P.Z., L.Z., J. Li, Y.H.), The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yu P, Han Y, Meng L, Tang Z, Jin Z, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Luo J, Luo J, Han C, Zhang C, Kong L. The incorporation of acetylated LAP-TGF-β1 proteins into exosomes promotes TNBC cell dissemination in lung micro-metastasis. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:82. [PMID: 38664722 PMCID: PMC11044330 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) stands as the breast cancer subtype with the highest recurrence and mortality rates, with the lungs being the common site of metastasis. The pulmonary microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the colonization of disseminated tumor cells. Herein, this study highlights the crucial role of exosomal LAP-TGF-β1, the principal form of exosomal TGF-β1, in reshaping the pulmonary vascular niche, thereby facilitating TNBC lung metastasis. Although various strategies have been developed to block TGF-β signaling and have advanced clinically, their significant side effects have limited their therapeutic application. This study demonstrates that in lung metastatic sites, LAP-TGF-β1 within exosomes can remarkably reconfigure the pulmonary vascular niche at lower doses, bolstering the extravasation and colonization of TNBC cells in the lungs. Mechanistically, under the aegis of the acetyltransferase TIP60, a non-canonical KFERQ-like sequence in LAP-TGF-β1 undergoes acetylation at the K304 site, promoting its interaction with HSP90A and subsequent transport into exosomes. Concurrent inhibition of both HSP90A and TIP60 significantly diminishes the exosomal burden of LAP-TGF-β1, presenting a promising therapeutic avenue for TNBC lung metastasis. This study not only offers fresh insights into the molecular underpinnings of TNBC lung metastasis but also lays a foundation for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yubao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lulu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zengying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yunjiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Song L, Shi X, Kovacs L, Han W, John J, Barman SA, Dong Z, Lucas R, Fulton DJR, Verin AD, Su Y. Calpain Promotes LPS-induced Lung Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction via Cleavage of Talin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:678-688. [PMID: 37639326 PMCID: PMC10704117 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0009oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by lung vascular endothelial cell (EC) barrier compromise resulting in increased endothelial permeability and pulmonary edema. The infection of gram-negative bacteria that produce toxins like LPS is one of the major causes of ALI. LPS activates Toll-like receptor 4, leading to cytoskeleton reorganization, resulting in lung endothelial barrier disruption and pulmonary edema in ALI. However, the signaling pathways that lead to the cytoskeleton reorganization and lung microvascular EC barrier disruption remain largely unexplored. Here we show that LPS induces calpain activation and talin cleavage into head and rod domains and that inhibition of calpain attenuates talin cleavage, RhoA activation, and pulmonary EC barrier disruption in LPS-treated human lung microvascular ECs in vitro and lung EC barrier disruption and pulmonary edema induced by LPS in ALI in vivo. Moreover, overexpression of calpain causes talin cleavage and RhoA activation, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, and increases in actin stress fiber formation. Furthermore, knockdown of talin attenuates LPS-induced RhoA activation and MLC phosphorylation and increased stress fiber formation and mitigates LPS-induced lung microvascular endothelial barrier disruption. Additionally, overexpression of talin head and rod domains increases RhoA activation, MLC phosphorylation, and stress fiber formation and enhances lung endothelial barrier disruption. Finally, overexpression of cleavage-resistant talin mutant reduces LPS-induced increases in MLC phosphorylation in human lung microvascular ECs and attenuates LPS-induced lung microvascular endothelial barrier disruption. These results provide the first evidence that calpain mediates LPS-induced lung microvascular endothelial barrier disruption in ALI via cleavage of talin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laszlo Kovacs
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | | | - Joseph John
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Department of Medicine
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - David J. R. Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - Alexander D. Verin
- Department of Medicine
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Department of Medicine
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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4
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Sarkar T, Moinuddin SM, Isbatan A, Chen J, Mann D, Ahsan F. Intratracheally Administered Peptide-Modified Lipid Admixture Containing Fasudil and/or DETA NONOate Ameliorates Various Pathologies of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1656. [PMID: 38139783 PMCID: PMC10747237 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the therapeutic potential of a combination therapy using fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, and DETA NONOate (DN), a nitric oxide donor, delivered as a lipid admixture modified with a cyclic homing peptide known as CAR (CAR-lipid mixture) for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). CAR-lipid mixtures were initially prepared via a thin-film hydration method and then combined with fasudil, DN, or a mixture of both. The therapeutic efficacy of this drug-laden lipid mixture was evaluated in a Sugen/Hypoxia (Su/Hx) rat model of PAH by measuring RV systolic pressure (RVSP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), Fulton indices, and assessing right ventricular (RV) functions, as well as evaluating pulmonary vascular morphology. Rats that received no treatment exhibited increases in RVSP, mPAP, Fulton indices, and changes in RV functional parameters. However, the treatment with the CAR-lipid mixture containing either fasudil or DN or a combination of both led to a decline in mPAP, RVSP, and Fulton indices compared to saline-treated rats. Similarly, rats that received these treatments showed concurrent improvement in various echocardiographic parameters such as pulmonary acceleration time (PAT), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and ventricular free wall thickness (RVFWT). A significant decrease in the wall thickness of pulmonary arteries larger than 100 µm was observed with the combination therapy. The findings reveal that fasudil, DN, and their combination in a CAR-modified lipid mixture improved pulmonary hemodynamics, RV functions, and pathological alterations in the pulmonary vasculature. This study underscores the potential of combination therapy and targeted drug delivery in PAH treatment, laying the groundwork for future investigations into the optimization of these treatments, their long-term safety and efficacy, and the underlying mechanism of action of the proposed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanoy Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Sakib M. Moinuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Ayman Isbatan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - David Mann
- Vascular BioSciences, Goleta, CA 93117, USA
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
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5
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Pokharel MD, Marciano DP, Fu P, Franco MC, Unwalla H, Tieu K, Fineman JR, Wang T, Black SM. Metabolic reprogramming, oxidative stress, and pulmonary hypertension. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102797. [PMID: 37392518 PMCID: PMC10363484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles essential for cell metabolism, growth, and function. It is becoming increasingly clear that endothelial cell dysfunction significantly contributes to the pathogenesis and vascular remodeling of various lung diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and that mitochondria are at the center of this dysfunction. The more we uncover the role mitochondria play in pulmonary vascular disease, the more apparent it becomes that multiple pathways are involved. To achieve effective treatments, we must understand how these pathways are dysregulated to be able to intervene therapeutically. We know that nitric oxide signaling, glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and the TCA cycle are abnormal in PAH, along with alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, these pathways are incompletely characterized in PAH, especially in endothelial cells, highlighting the urgent need for further research. This review summarizes what is currently known about how mitochondrial metabolism facilitates a metabolic shift in endothelial cells that induces vascular remodeling during PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Pokharel
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - David P Marciano
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Maria Clara Franco
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Hoshang Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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Xu J, Yin D, Zhang W, Xu Y. The role and mechanism of FTO in pulmonary vessels. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37154010 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2209413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) is the main factor of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The pathological characteristics of PVR are vascular smooth muscle hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and extensive damage. In vivo experiments, the expression of FTO in PH rat lung tissues of different rat models of hypoxia PH was observed by immunohistochemical method. mRNA microarray analysis was used to analyze the differential expressed genes in rat lung tissues. In vitro experiments, we developed models of overexpression and knockdown of FTO to study the effect of FTO protein expression on cell apoptotic, cell cycle, and the abundance of m6A. The expression of FTO was increased in PH rats. FTO knockdown can inhibit the proliferation of PASMCs, thereby regulating the cell cycle and reducing the expression of Cyclin D1 and the abundance of m6A, while overexpression of FTO leads to increased expression of Cyclin D1 and the abundance of m6A. FTO destroys the stability of Cyclin D1 by regulating the abundance of Cyclin D1 m6A, causing cell cycle arrest and inducing cell proliferation, thus inducing the occurrence and development of PVR in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Department of endocrinology, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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Li F, Wang Y, Tian J, Zhou Z, Yin W, Qin X, Wang H, Zeng T, Li A, Jiang J. Inhibition of calpain9 attenuates peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:962770. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.962770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Peritoneal dialysis is a common renal replacement method for end-stage renal disease. Long-term peritoneal dialysis leads to peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis, which leads to a cessation of treatment. Calpain is a protein belonging to calcium-dependent endopeptidase family and plays an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling. Here, we evaluated the effect of calpain in peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis.Methods: We established two animal models of peritoneal fibrosis and inhibited the activity of Calpain, and then collected peritoneal tissue to evaluate the progress of fibrosis and the changes of Calpain and β-catenin. We obtained Rat peritoneal mesothelial cells and Human peritoneal mesothelial cell line and stimulated with TGF-β to produce extracellular matrix. Next we inhibited Calpain activity or reduced Calpain9 expression, and then assessed changes in extracellular matrix and β-catenin.Results: Inhibition of calpain activity attenuated chlorhexidine glucose and peritoneal dialysis-induced peritoneal thickening and β-catenin expression in mice. In addition, compared with the control group, when primary rat peritoneal mesothelial cells or human peritoneal mesothelial cells were treated with transforming growth factor beta, down-regulation of calpain activity inhibited the expression of Fibronectin and Collagen I, and increased the expression of E-cadherin. These changes could be adjusted after silencing calpain9. Finally, calpain9 deficiency was associated with down-regulation of Fibronectin and β-catenin in human peritoneal mesothelial cells.Conclusion: Our results suggest that calpain9 may be a key molecule in mediating peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis.
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Chen J, Lockett A, Zhao S, Huang LS, Wang Y, Wu W, Tang M, Haider S, Velez Rendon D, Khan R, Liu B, Felesena N, Sysol JR, Valdez-Jasso D, Tang H, Bai Y, Natarajan V, Machado RF. Sphingosine Kinase 1 Deficiency in Smooth Muscle Cells Protects against Hypoxia-Mediated Pulmonary Hypertension via YAP1 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14516. [PMID: 36498853 PMCID: PMC9736859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway have been shown to play a role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). S1P is an important stimulus for pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and pulmonary vascular remodeling. We aimed to examine the specific roles of SPHK1 in PASMCs during pulmonary hypertension (PH) progression. We generated smooth muscle cell-specific, Sphk1-deficient (Sphk1f/f TaglnCre+) mice and isolated Sphk1-deficient PASMCs from SPHK1 knockout mice. We demonstrated that Sphk1f/f TaglnCre+ mice are protected from hypoxia or hypoxia/Sugen-mediated PH, and pulmonary vascular remodeling and that Sphk1-deficient PASMCs are less proliferative compared with ones isolated from wild-type (WT) siblings. S1P or hypoxia activated yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) signaling by enhancing its translocation to the nucleus, which was dependent on SPHK1 enzymatic activity. Further, verteporfin, a pharmacologic YAP1 inhibitor, attenuated the S1P-mediated proliferation of hPASMCs, hypoxia-mediated PH, and pulmonary vascular remodeling in mice and hypoxia/Sugen-mediated severe PH in rats. Smooth muscle cell-specific SPHK1 plays an essential role in PH via YAP1 signaling, and YAP1 inhibition may have therapeutic potential in treating PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Angelia Lockett
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shuangping Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Long Shuang Huang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Weiwen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shahzaib Haider
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Daniela Velez Rendon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Raheel Khan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nicholas Felesena
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Justin R. Sysol
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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9
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Cao N, Aikeremu N, Shi WY, Tang XC, Gao RJ, Kong LJY, Zhang JR, Qin WJ, Zhang AM, Ma KT, Li L, Si JQ. Inhibition of KIR2.1 decreases pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:119. [PMID: 35856410 PMCID: PMC9354699 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of effective therapeutic drugs for pulmonary hypertension (PH) is critical. KIR2.1 plays crucial roles in regulating cell proliferation and migration, and vascular remodeling. However, researchers have not yet clearly determined whether KIR2.1 participates in the proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and its role in pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) also remains elusive. The present study aimed to examine whether KIR2.1 alters PASMC proliferation and migration, and participates in PVR, as well as to explore its mechanisms of action. For the in vivo experiment, a PH model was established by intraperitoneally injecting Sprague-Dawley rats monocrotaline (MCT). Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed evidence of PVR in the rats with PH. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis revealed increased levels of the KIR2.1, osteopontin (OPN) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) proteins in pulmonary blood vessels and lung tissues following exposure to MCT, and the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway was activated. For the in vitro experiments, the KIR2.1 inhibitor, ML133, or the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway blocker, SB431542, were used to pre-treat human PASMCs (HPASMCs) for 24 h, and the cells were then treated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB for 24 h. Scratch and Transwell assays revealed that PDGF-BB promoted cell proliferation and migration. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis demonstrated that PDGF-BB upregulated OPN and PCNA expression, and activated the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. ML133 reversed the proliferation and migration induced by PDGF-BB, inhibited the expression of OPN and PCNA, inhibited the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway, and reduced the proliferation and migration of HPASMCs. SB431542 pre-treatment also reduced cell proliferation and migration; however, it did not affect KIR2.1 expression. On the whole, the results of the present study demonstrate that KIR2.1 regulates the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway and the expression of OPN and PCNA proteins, thereby regulating the proliferation and migration of PASMCs and participating in PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cao
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Nigala Aikeremu
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Shi
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Chun Tang
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Juan Gao
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Jing-Yuan Kong
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Rong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Mei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Tao Ma
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Qiang Si
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
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10
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Zhou JJ, Yang J, Li L, Quan RL, Chen XX, Qian YL, Huang L, Wang PH, Li Y, Meng XM, Chen X, Gu Q, He JG. Transgelin exacerbates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell dysfunction in shunt-related pulmonary arterial hypertension. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:3407-3417. [PMID: 35841124 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Orchestrating the transition from reversible medial hypertrophy to irreversible plexiform lesions is crucial for pulmonary arterial hypertension related to congenital heart disease (CHD-PAH). Transgelin is an actin-binding protein that modulates pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to probe the molecular mechanism and biological function of transgelin in the pathogenesis of CHD-PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS Transgelin expression was detected in lung tissues from both CHD-PAH patients and monocrotaline (MCT)-plus aortocaval (AV)-induced PAH rats by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, the effects of transgelin on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human PASMCs (HPASMCs) were evaluated by the cell count and EdU assays, transwell migration assay, and TUNEL assay, respectively. And the effect of transgelin on the expression of HPASMC phenotype markers was assessed by the immunoblotting assay. (i) Compared with the normal control group (n = 12), transgelin expression was significantly overexpressed in the pulmonary arterioles of the reversible (n = 15) and irreversible CHD-PAH group (n = 4) (reversible group vs. control group: 18.2 ± 5.1 vs. 13.6 ± 2.6%, P < 0.05; irreversible group vs. control group: 29.9 ± 4.7 vs. 13.6 ± 2.6%, P < 0.001; irreversible group vs. reversible group: 29.9 ± 4.7 vs. 18.2 ± 5.1, P < 0.001). This result was further confirmed in MCT-AV-induced PAH rats. Besides, the transgelin expression level was positively correlated with the pathological grading of pulmonary arteries in CHD-PAH patients (r = 0.48, P = 0.03, n = 19). (ii) Compared with the normal control group (n = 12), TGF-β1 expression was notably overexpressed in the pulmonary arterioles of the reversible (n = 15) and irreversible CHD-PAH group (n = 4) (reversible group vs. control group: 14.8 ± 4.4 vs. 6.0 ± 2.5%, P < 0.001; irreversible group vs. control group: 20.1 ± 4.4 vs. 6.0 ± 2.5%, P < 0.001; irreversible group vs. reversible group: 20.1 ± 4.4 vs. 14.8 ± 4.4, P < 0.01). The progression-dependent correlation between TGF-β1 and transgelin was demonstrated in CHD-PAH patients (r = 0.48, P = 0.04, n = 19) and MCT-AV-induced PAH rats, which was further confirmed at sub-cellular levels. (iii) Knockdown of transgelin diminished proliferation, migration, apoptosis resistance, and phenotypic transformation of HPASMCs through repressing the TGF-β1 signalling pathway. On the contrary, transgelin overexpression resulted in the opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that transgelin may be an indicator of CHD-PAH development via boosting HPASMC dysfunction through positive regulation of the TGF-β1 signalling pathway, as well as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CHD-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Fetal Heart Disease & Echocardiography Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Lin Quan
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Chen
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ling Qian
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei-He Wang
- The Animal Experimental Centre, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- The Animal Experimental Centre, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Min Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Emergency Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Myeloid cell-specific deletion of Capns1 prevents macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype and reduces interstitial lung disease in the bleomycin model of systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:148. [PMID: 35729674 PMCID: PMC9210712 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calpains are a family of calcium-dependent thiol proteases that participate in a wide variety of biological activities. In our recent study, calpain is increased in the sera of scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, the role of calpain in interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been reported. ILD is a severe complication of SSc, which is the leading cause of death in SSc. The pathogenesis of SSc-related ILD remains incompletely understood. This study investigated the role of myeloid cell calpain in SSc-related ILD. Methods A novel line of mice with myeloid cell-specific deletion of Capns1 (Capns1-ko) was created. SSc-related ILD was induced in Capns1-ko mice and their wild-type littermates by injection 0.l mL of bleomycin (0.4 mg/mL) for 4 weeks. In a separate experiment, a pharmacological inhibitor of calpain PD150606 (Biomol, USA, 3 mg/kg/day, i.p.) daily for 30 days was given to mice after bleomycin injection on daily basis. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed, skin and lung tissues were collected for the following analysis. Inflammation, fibrosis and calpain activity and cytokines were assessed by histological examinations and ELISA, and immunohistochemical analyses, western blot analysis and Flow cytometry analysis. Results Calpain activities increased in SSc-mouse lungs. Both deletion of Capns1 and administration of PD150606 attenuated dermal sclerosis as evidenced by a reduction of skin thickness and reduced interstitial fibrosis and inflammation in bleomycin model of SSc mice. These effects of reduced calpain expression or activity were associated with prevention of macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype and consequent reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-23 in lung tissues of Capns1-ko mice with bleomycin model of SSc. Furthermore, inhibition of calpain correlated with an increase in the protein levels of PI3K and phosphorylated AKT1 in lung tissues of the bleomycin model of SSc mice. Conclusions This study for the first time demonstrates that the role of myeloid cell calpain may be promotion of macrophage M1 polarization and pro-inflammatory responses related PI3K/AKT1 signaling. Thus, myeloid cell calpain may be a potential therapeutic target for bleomycin model of SSc-related ILD.
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12
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Aluja D, Delgado-Tomás S, Ruiz-Meana M, Barrabés JA, Inserte J. Calpains as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Myocardial Hypertrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084103. [PMID: 35456920 PMCID: PMC9032729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in its treatment, heart failure remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, evidencing an urgent need for novel mechanism-based targets and strategies. Myocardial hypertrophy, caused by a wide variety of chronic stress stimuli, represents an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure, and its prevention constitutes a clinical objective. Recent studies performed in preclinical animal models support the contribution of the Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases calpains in regulating the hypertrophic process and highlight the feasibility of their long-term inhibition as a pharmacological strategy. In this review, we discuss the existing evidence implicating calpains in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, as well as the latest advances in unraveling the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we provide an updated overview of calpain inhibitors that have been explored in preclinical models of cardiac hypertrophy and the progress made in developing new compounds that may serve for testing the efficacy of calpain inhibition in the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aluja
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Sara Delgado-Tomás
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Barrabés
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Inserte
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934894038
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13
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Indralingam CS, Gutierrez-Gonzalez AK, Johns SC, Tsui T, Cannon DT, Fuster MM, Bigby TD, Jennings PA, Breen EC. IL-33/ST2 receptor-dependent signaling in the development of pulmonary hypertension in Sugen/hypoxia mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15185. [PMID: 35150208 PMCID: PMC8839421 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. PAH is characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling, elevated right ventricular pressure (RVP) and, ultimately, cardiac failure. Pulmonary endothelial cells can sense danger or damage caused by mechanical injury or pathogens through alarmin cytokines. These cytokines can signal proliferation to restore barrier integrity or aberrant hyperproliferation and remodeling. We hypothesized that IL‐33 signals pulmonary artery endothelial cells to proliferate under hypertensive conditions during the remodeling response and rise in RVP. To test this hypothesis, pulmonary hypertension (PH) was induced in C57Bl/6J, IL‐33 receptor gene deleted (ST2−/−) and MYD88 gene deleted (MYD88−/−) mice by exposure to 10% O2 and SU5416 injections (SUHX). RVP, arterial wall thickness, endothelial cell proliferation and IL‐33 levels and signaling were evaluated. In response to SUHX. RVP increased in C57Bl/6J mice in response to SUHX (49% male and 70% female; p < 0.0001) and this SUHX response was attenuated in ST2−/− mice (29% male p = 0.003; 30% female p = 0.001) and absent in MYD88−/− mice. Wall thickness was increased in SUHX C57Bl/6J mice (p = 0.005), but not in ST2−/− or MYD88−/− mice. Proliferating cells were detected in C57Bl/6J mice by flow cytometry (CD31+/BrDU+; p = 0.02) and immunofluorescence methods (Ki‐67+). IL‐33 was increased by SUHX (p = 0.03) but a genotype effect was not observed (p = 0.76). We observed that in hPAECs, IL‐33 expression is regulated by both IL‐33 and DLL4. These data suggest IL‐33/ST2 signaling is essential for the endothelial cell proliferative response in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott C Johns
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tzuhan Tsui
- Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel T Cannon
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mark M Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Timothy D Bigby
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Patricia A Jennings
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ellen C Breen
- Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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14
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Bryant AJ, Ebrahimi E, Nguyen A, Wolff CA, Gumz ML, Liu AC, Esser KA. A wrinkle in time: circadian biology in pulmonary vascular health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L84-L101. [PMID: 34850650 PMCID: PMC8759967 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An often overlooked element of pulmonary vascular disease is time. Cellular responses to time, which are regulated directly by the core circadian clock, have only recently been elucidated. Despite an extensive collection of data regarding the role of rhythmic contribution to disease pathogenesis (such as systemic hypertension, coronary artery, and renal disease), the roles of key circadian transcription factors in pulmonary hypertension remain understudied. This is despite a large degree of overlap in the pulmonary hypertension and circadian rhythm fields, not only including shared signaling pathways, but also cell-specific effects of the core clock that are known to result in both protective and adverse lung vessel changes. Therefore, the goal of this review is to summarize the current dialogue regarding common pathways in circadian biology, with a specific emphasis on its implications in the progression of pulmonary hypertension. In this work, we emphasize specific proteins involved in the regulation of the core molecular clock while noting the circadian cell-specific changes relevant to vascular remodeling. Finally, we apply this knowledge to the optimization of medical therapy, with a focus on sleep hygiene and the role of chronopharmacology in patients with this disease. In dissecting the unique relationship between time and cellular biology, we aim to provide valuable insight into the practical implications of considering time as a therapeutic variable. Armed with this information, physicians will be positioned to more efficiently use the full four dimensions of patient care, resulting in improved morbidity and mortality of pulmonary hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bryant
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elnaz Ebrahimi
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amy Nguyen
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher A. Wolff
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew C. Liu
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Li P, Song J, Du H, Lu Y, Dong S, Zhou S, Guo Z, Wu H, Zhao X, Qin Y, Zhu N. MicroRNA-663 prevents monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by targeting TGF-β1/smad2/3 signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 161:9-22. [PMID: 34339758 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary vascular remodeling due to excessive growth factor production and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation is the hallmark feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Recent studies suggest that miR-663 is a potent modulator for tumorigenesis and atherosclerosis. However, whether miR-663 involves in pulmonary vascular remodeling is still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS By using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that miR-663 was highly expressed in normal human PASMCs. In contrast, circulating level of miR-663 dramatically reduced in PAH patients. In addition, in situ hybridization showed that expression of miR-663 was decreased in pulmonary vasculature of PAH patients. Furthermore, MTT and cell scratch-wound assay showed that transfection of miR-663 mimics significantly inhibited platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced PASMCs proliferation and migration, while knockdown of miR-663 expression enhanced these effects. Mechanistically, dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-663 directly targets the 3'UTR of TGF-β1. Moreover, western blots and ELISA results showed that miR-663 decreased PDGF-induced TGF-β1 expression and secretion, which in turn suppressed the downstream smad2/3 phosphorylation and collagen I expression. Finally, intratracheal instillation of adeno-miR-663 efficiently inhibited the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat models. CONCLUSION These results indicate that miR-663 is a potential biomarker for PAH. MiR-663 decreases PDGF-BB-induced PASMCs proliferation and prevents pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in MCT-PAH by targeting TGF-β1/smad2/3 signaling. These findings suggest that miR-663 may represent as an attractive approach for the diagnosis and treatment for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingwen Song
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - He Du
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaohua Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhifu Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongwen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ni Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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16
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Wang Z, Chen J, Babicheva A, Jain PP, Rodriguez M, Ayon RJ, Ravellette KS, Wu L, Balistrieri F, Tang H, Wu X, Zhao T, Black SM, Desai AA, Garcia JGN, Sun X, Shyy JYJ, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Wang J, Yuan JXJ. Endothelial upregulation of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C1010-C1027. [PMID: 34669509 PMCID: PMC8714987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Piezo is a mechanosensitive cation channel responsible for stretch-mediated Ca2+ and Na+ influx in multiple types of cells. Little is known about the functional role of Piezo1 in the lung vasculature and its potential pathogenic role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) are constantly under mechanic stretch and shear stress that are sufficient to activate Piezo channels. Here, we report that Piezo1 is significantly upregulated in PAECs from patients with idiopathic PAH and animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) compared with normal controls. Membrane stretch by decreasing extracellular osmotic pressure or by cyclic stretch (18% CS) increases Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation (p) of AKT and ERK, and subsequently upregulates expression of Notch ligands, Jagged1/2 (Jag-1 and Jag-2), and Delta like-4 (DLL4) in PAECs. siRNA-mediated downregulation of Piezo1 significantly inhibited the stretch-mediated pAKT increase and Jag-1 upregulation, whereas downregulation of AKT by siRNA markedly attenuated the stretch-mediated Jag-1 upregulation in human PAECs. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression level of Piezo1 in the isolated pulmonary artery, which mainly contains pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), from animals with severe PH was also significantly higher than that from control animals. Intraperitoneal injection of a Piezo1 channel blocker, GsMTx4, ameliorated experimental PH in mice. Taken together, our study suggests that membrane stretch-mediated Ca2+ influx through Piezo1 is an important trigger for pAKT-mediated upregulation of Jag-1 in PAECs. Upregulation of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 and the resultant increase in the Notch ligands (Jag-1/2 and DLL4) in PAECs may play a critical pathogenic role in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Keeley S Ravellette
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Linda Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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17
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Xiong M, Jain PP, Chen J, Babicheva A, Zhao T, Alotaibi M, Kim NH, Lai N, Izadi A, Rodriguez M, Li J, Balistrieri A, Balistrieri F, Parmisano S, Sun X, Voldez-Jasso D, Shyy JYJ, Thistlethwaite PA, Wang J, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Mouse model of experimental pulmonary hypertension: Lung angiogram and right heart catheterization. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211041512. [PMID: 34531976 PMCID: PMC8438952 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211041512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive and fatal disease and rodents with experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) are often used to study pathogenic mechanisms, identify therapeutic targets, and develop novel drugs for treatment. Here we describe a hands-on set of experimental approaches including ex vivo lung angiography and histology and in vivo right heart catheterization (RHC) to phenotypically characterize pulmonary hemodynamics and lung vascular structure in normal mice and mice with experimental PH. We utilized Microfil polymer as contrast in our ex vivo lung angiogram to quantitatively examine pulmonary vascular remodeling in mice with experimental PH, and lung histology to estimate pulmonary artery wall thickness. The peripheral lung vascular images were selected to determine the total length of lung vascular branches, the number of branches and the number of junctions in a given area (mm-2). We found that the three parameters determined by angiogram were not significantly different among the apical, middle, and basal regions of the mouse lung from normal mice, and were not influenced by gender (no significant difference between female and male mice). We conducted RHC in mice to measure right ventricular systolic pressure, a surrogate measure for pulmonary artery systolic pressure and right ventricle (RV) contractility (RV ± dP/dtmax) to estimate RV function. RHC, a short time (4-6 min) procedure, did not alter the lung angiography measurements. In summary, utilizing ex vivo angiogram to determine peripheral vascular structure and density in the mouse lung and utilizing in vivo RHC to measure pulmonary hemodynamics are reliable readouts to phenotype normal mice and mice with experimental PH. Lung angiogram and RHC are also reliable approaches to examine pharmacological effects of new drugs on pulmonary vascular remodeling and hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nick H Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ning Lai
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Amin Izadi
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jifeng Li
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Voldez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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MicroRNA-137 Inhibited Hypoxia-Induced Proliferation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells by Targeting Calpain-2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2202888. [PMID: 34513987 PMCID: PMC8426064 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2202888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is an important cause of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). It has been reported that miR-137 inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells. However, whether miR-137 is involved in PH remains unclear. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 10% O2 for 3 weeks to establish PH, and rat primary PASMCs were treated with hypoxia (3% O2) for 48 h to induce cell proliferation. The effect of miR-137 on PASMC proliferation and calpain-2 expression was assessed by transfecting miR-137 mimic and inhibitor. The effect of calpain-2 on PASMC proliferation was assessed by transfecting calpain-2 siRNA. The present study found for the first time that miR-137 was downregulated in pulmonary arteries of hypoxic PH rats and in hypoxia-treated PASMCs. miR-137 mimic inhibited hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and upregulation of calpain-2 expression in PASMCs. Furthermore, miR-137 inhibitor induced the proliferation of PASMCs under normoxia, and knockdown of calpain-2 mRNA by siRNA significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs. Our study demonstrated that hypoxia-induced downregulation of miR-137 expression promoted the proliferation of PASMCs by targeting calpain-2, thereby potentially resulting in pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxic PH.
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19
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Li F, Hong X, Jiang J. [Calpain activation promotes dialysis-associated peritoneal fibrosis in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:593-599. [PMID: 33963721 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.04.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of calpain activation in the progression of peritoneal fibrosis. OBJECTIVE Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized equally into control group, MDL28170 (a calpain inhibitor)+normal saline group, peritoneal dialysis (PD) model group and PD + MDL28170 group. In the latter two groups, the rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 mL/kg of 4.25% glucose PD solution, and those in PD+MDL28170 group and MDL28170 saline group received daily infusion of 4 mg/kg MDL28170 every other day. Eight weeks later, the rats were euthanized for pathological examination of the parietal peritoneum, and the visceral peritoneum was used for examining the activation status of calpain and the expressions of fibronectin (FN) and collagen I (COL-I). Calpain activation and expressions of FN, COL-I and α-SMA were also examined using Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay in primary cultures of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells treated with MDL28170, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), or both. OBJECTIVE Compared with the control rats, the rats in PD model group showed significantly increased peritoneal peritoneum thickness, calpain activation in the peritoneal tissue, and expressions of FN and COL-I (P < 0.05). Treatment with MDL28170 significantly alleviated associated peritoneal fibrosis, decreased the thickness of the peritoneum (P < 0.05), and reduced the expressions of FN and COL-I in the rats with daily PD (P < 0.05). In the in vitro experiment, the expressions of FN and COL-I were also significantly lower in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells treated with both MDL28170 and TGF-β than in the cells treated with TGF-β alone (P < 0.05). OBJECTIVE Peritoneal calpain activity and expressions FN and COL-I all increase significantly in rat models of PD-associated peritoneal fibrosis. Calpain activation can promote peritoneal fibrosis, and inhibition of calpain can alleviate peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Department of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - X Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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20
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Sanada TJ, Sun XQ, Happé C, Guignabert C, Tu L, Schalij I, Bogaard HJ, Goumans MJ, Kurakula K. Altered TGFβ/SMAD Signaling in Human and Rat Models of Pulmonary Hypertension: An Old Target Needs Attention. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010084. [PMID: 33419137 PMCID: PMC7825543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent translational studies highlighted the inhibition of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling as a promising target to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, it remains unclear whether alterations in TGF-β signaling are consistent between PAH patients and animal models. Therefore, we compared TGF-β signaling in the lungs of PAH patients and rats with experimental PAH induced by monocrotaline (MCT) or SU5416+hypoxia (SuHx). In hereditary PAH (hPAH) patients, there was a moderate increase in both TGFβR2 and pSMAD2/3 protein levels, while these were unaltered in idiopathic PAH (iPAH) patients. Protein levels of TGFβR2 and pSMAD2/3 were locally increased in the pulmonary vasculature of PAH rats under both experimental conditions. Conversely, the protein levels of TGFβR2 and pSMAD2/3 were reduced in SuHx while slightly increased in MCT. mRNA levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 were increased only in MCT animals and such an increase was not observed in SuHx rats or in iPAH and hPAH patients. In conclusion, our data demonstrate considerable discrepancies in TGFβ-SMAD signaling between iPAH and hPAH patients, as well as between patients and rats with experimental PAH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Pressure
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Phosphorylation
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Smad Proteins/metabolism
- Systole
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Jujo Sanada
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.J.S.); (X.-Q.S.); (C.H.); (I.S.); (H.-J.B.)
| | - Xiao-Qing Sun
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.J.S.); (X.-Q.S.); (C.H.); (I.S.); (H.-J.B.)
| | - Chris Happé
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.J.S.); (X.-Q.S.); (C.H.); (I.S.); (H.-J.B.)
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999 (Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies), Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France; (C.G.); (L.T.)
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999 (Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies), Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France; (C.G.); (L.T.)
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ingrid Schalij
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.J.S.); (X.-Q.S.); (C.H.); (I.S.); (H.-J.B.)
| | - Harm-Jan Bogaard
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.J.S.); (X.-Q.S.); (C.H.); (I.S.); (H.-J.B.)
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Kondababu Kurakula
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-715-269-265; Fax: +31-715-268-270
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21
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Sibomana JP, Campeche A, Carvalho-Filho RJ, Correa RA, Duani H, Pacheco Guimaraes V, Hilton JF, Kassa B, Kumar R, Lee MH, Loureiro CMC, Mazimba S, Mickael C, Oliveira RKF, Ota-Arakaki JS, Rezende CF, Silva LCS, Sinkala E, Ahmed HY, Graham BB. Schistosomiasis Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Immunol 2020; 11:608883. [PMID: 33362796 PMCID: PMC7758287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease of the lung blood vessels that results in right heart failure. PAH is thought to occur in about 5% to 10% of patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, particularly due to S. mansoni. The lung blood vessel injury may result from a combination of embolization of eggs through portocaval shunts into the lungs causing localized Type 2 inflammatory response and vessel remodeling, triggering of autonomous pathology that becomes independent of the antigen, and high cardiac output as seen in portopulmonary hypertension. The condition is likely underdiagnosed as there is little systematic screening, and risk factors for developing PAH are not known. Screening is done by echocardiography, and formal diagnosis requires invasive right heart catheterization. Patients with Schistosoma-associated PAH show reduced functional capacity and can be treated with pulmonary vasodilators, which improves symptoms and may improve survival. There are animal models of this disease that might help in understanding disease pathogenesis and identify novel targets to screen and treatment. Pathogenic mechanisms include Type 2 immunity and activation and signaling in the TGF-β pathway. There are still major uncertainties regarding Schistosoma-associated PAH development, course and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Pierre Sibomana
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, University of Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medicine, Butare University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Aloma Campeche
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Santa Casa Hospital, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto J. Carvalho-Filho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Amorim Correa
- Internal Medicine/Pulmonary Division, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helena Duani
- Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virginia Pacheco Guimaraes
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Júlia Kubistchek, Fundação Hospitalar of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Joan F. Hilton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Biruk Kassa
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael H. Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Sula Mazimba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Claudia Mickael
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rudolf K. F. Oliveira
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaquelina S. Ota-Arakaki
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Farnese Rezende
- Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital das Clinicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana C. S. Silva
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edford Sinkala
- Hepatology Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Zambia Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hanan Yusuf Ahmed
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, University of Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
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22
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Tian X, Inoue K, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Sperati CJ, Pedigo CE, Zhao T, Yan M, Groener M, Moledina DG, Ebenezer K, Li W, Zhang Z, Liebermann DA, Greene L, Greer P, Parikh CR, Ishibe S. Inhibiting calpain 1 and 2 in cyclin G associated kinase-knockout mice mitigates podocyte injury. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142740. [PMID: 33208557 PMCID: PMC7710277 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for reduced expression of cyclin G associated kinase (GAK) in glomeruli of patients with chronic kidney disease was observed in the Nephroseq human database, and GAK was found to be associated with the decline in kidney function. To examine the role of GAK, a protein that functions to uncoat clathrin during endocytosis, we generated podocyte-specific Gak-knockout mice (Gak-KO), which developed progressive proteinuria and kidney failure with global glomerulosclerosis. We isolated glomeruli from the mice carrying the mutation to perform messenger RNA profiling and unearthed evidence for dysregulated podocyte calpain protease activity as an important contributor to progressive podocyte damage. Treatment with calpain inhibitor III specifically inhibited calpain-1/-2 activities, mitigated the degree of proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, and led to a striking increase in survival in the Gak-KO mice. Podocyte-specific deletion of Capns1, essential for calpain-1 and calpain-2 activities, also improved proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in Gak-KO mice. Increased podocyte calpain activity-mediated proteolysis of IκBα resulted in increased NF-κB p65-induced expression of growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 beta in the Gak-KO mice. Our results suggest that loss of podocyte-associated Gak induces glomerular injury secondary to calcium dysregulation and aberrant calpain activation, which when inhibited, can provide a protective role.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calpain/antagonists & inhibitors
- Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy
- Female
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/etiology
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/metabolism
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/therapy
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - C. John Sperati
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher E. Pedigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Meihua Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marwin Groener
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dennis G. Moledina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Karen Ebenezer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan A. Liebermann
- Fels Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA
| | - Lois Greene
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Greer
- Queen’s Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chirag R. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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23
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Sun X, Lu Q, Yegambaram M, Kumar S, Qu N, Srivastava A, Wang T, Fineman JR, Black SM. TGF-β1 attenuates mitochondrial bioenergetics in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells via the disruption of carnitine homeostasis. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101593. [PMID: 32554303 PMCID: PMC7303661 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) signaling is increased and mitochondrial function is decreased in multiple models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) including lambs with increased pulmonary blood flow (PBF) and pressure (Shunt). However, the potential link between TGF-β1 and the loss of mitochondrial function has not been investigated and was the focus of our investigations. Our data indicate that exposure of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) to TGF-β1 disrupted mitochondrial function as determined by enhanced mitochondrial ROS generation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics. These events resulted in a decrease in cellular ATP levels, decreased hsp90/eNOS interactions and attenuated shear-mediated NO release. TGF-β1 induced mitochondrial dysfunction was linked to a nitration-mediated activation of Akt1 and the subsequent mitochondrial translocation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) resulting in the nitration of carnitine acetyl transferase (CrAT) and the disruption of carnitine homeostasis. The increase in Akt1 nitration correlated with increased NADPH oxidase activity associated with increased levels of p47phox, p67phox, and Rac1. The increase in NADPH oxidase was associated with a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type gamma (PPARγ) and the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, was able to mimic the disruptive effect of TGF-β1 on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Together, our studies reveal for the first time, that TGF-β1 can disrupt mitochondrial function through the disruption of cellular carnitine homeostasis and suggest that stimulating carinitine homeostasis may be an avenue to treat pulmonary vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Sun
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Center for Blood Disorders, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Anup Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, The Department of Pediatrics and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, The Department of Pediatrics and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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24
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Mendes AS, Blascke de Mello MM, Parente JM, Omoto ACM, Neto-Neves EM, Fazan R, Tanus-Santos JE, Castro MM. Verapamil decreases calpain-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activities and improves hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiac remodeling in rats. Life Sci 2020; 244:117153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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Ma Z, Yu YR, Badea CT, Kovacs JJ, Xiong X, Comhair S, Piantadosi CA, Rajagopal S. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 Regulates Endothelial Function Through β-Arrestin 1. Circulation 2019; 139:1629-1642. [PMID: 30586762 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor signaling is central to vascular endothelial function and is dysregulated in vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Signaling pathways involved in endothelial function include vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and G protein-coupled receptors, which classically activate distinct intracellular signaling pathways and responses. The mechanisms that regulate these signaling pathways have not been fully elucidated and it is unclear what nodes for cross talk exist between these diverse signaling pathways. For example, multifunctional β-arrestin (ARRB) adapter proteins are best known as regulators of G protein-coupled receptor signaling, but their role at other receptors and their physiological importance in the setting of vascular disease are unclear. METHODS We used a combination of human samples from PAH, human microvascular endothelial cells from lung, and Arrb knockout mice to determine the role of ARRB1 in endothelial VEGFR3 signaling. In addition, a number of biochemical analyses were performed to determine the interaction between ARRB1 and VEGFR3, signaling mediators downstream of VEGFR3, and the internalization of VEGFR3. RESULTS Expression of ARRB1 and VEGFR3 was reduced in human PAH, and the deletion of Arrb1 in mice exposed to hypoxia led to worse PAH with a loss of VEGFR3 signaling. Knockdown of ARRB1 inhibited VEGF-C-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, along with reduced VEGFR3, Akt, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation. This regulation was mediated by direct ARRB1 binding to the VEGFR3 kinase domain and resulted in decreased VEGFR3 internalization. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a novel role for ARRB1 in VEGFR regulation and suggest a mechanism for cross talk between G protein-coupled receptors and VEGFRs in PAH. These findings also suggest that strategies to promote ARRB1-mediated VEGFR3 signaling could be useful in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension and other vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- Division of Cardiology (Z.M., X.X., S.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Yen-Rei Yu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (Y.-R.Y., C.A.P.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Cristian T Badea
- Department of Radiology (C.T.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jeffrey J Kovacs
- Department of Medicine (J.J.K.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Xinyu Xiong
- Division of Cardiology (Z.M., X.X., S.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Suzy Comhair
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C.). The current address for Dr Kovacs is MD Anderson Cancer Center Institute for Applied Cancer Science and Center for Co-Clinical Trials, Houston, TX
| | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (Y.-R.Y., C.A.P.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Division of Cardiology (Z.M., X.X., S.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Biochemistry (S.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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26
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Zhu J, Kovacs L, Han W, Liu G, Huo Y, Lucas R, Fulton D, Greer PA, Su Y. Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Calpain Activation Contributes to Airway and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:804-818. [PMID: 31088299 PMCID: PMC7061305 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Airway and pulmonary vascular remodeling is an important pathological feature in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tobacco smoke (TS) induces the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in COPD lungs. We investigated how ROS lead to airway and pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD. Results: We used in vitro bronchial and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (BSMCs and PASMCs), in vivo TS-induced COPD rodent models, and lung tissues of COPD patients. We found that H2O2 and TS extract (TSE) induced calpain activation in BSMCs and PASMCs. Calpain activation was elevated in smooth muscle of bronchi and pulmonary arterioles in COPD patients and TS-induced COPD rodent models. Calpain inhibition attenuated H2O2- and TSE-induced collagen synthesis and proliferation of BSMCs and PASMCs. Exposure to TS causes increases in airway resistance, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), and thickening of bronchi and pulmonary arteries. Calpain inhibition by smooth muscle-specific knockout of calpain and the calpain inhibitor MDL28170 attenuated increases in airway resistance, RVSP, and thickening of bronchi and pulmonary arteries. Moreover, smooth muscle-specific knockout of calpain did not reduce TS-induced emphysema in the mouse model, but MDL28170 did reduce TS-induced emphysema in the rat model. Innovation: This study provides the first evidence that ROS-induced calpain activation contributes to airway and pulmonary vascular remodeling in TS-induced COPD. Calpain might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of COPD. Conclusion: These results indicate that ROS-induced calpain activation contributes to airway and pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Laszlo Kovacs
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Weihong Han
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Guojun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Peter A. Greer
- Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Canada
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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27
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Kovacs L, Cao Y, Han W, Meadows L, Kovacs-Kasa A, Kondrikov D, Verin AD, Barman SA, Dong Z, Huo Y, Su Y. PFKFB3 in Smooth Muscle Promotes Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:617-627. [PMID: 30817168 PMCID: PMC6727156 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201812-2290oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Glycolytic shift is implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It remains unknown how glycolysis is increased and how increased glycolysis contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.Objectives: To determine whether increased glycolysis is caused by 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and how PFKFB3-driven glycolysis induces vascular remodeling in PAH.Methods: PFKFB3 levels were measured in pulmonary arteries of patients and animals with PAH. Lactate levels were assessed in lungs of animals with PAH and in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Genetic and pharmacologic approaches were used to investigate the role of PFKFB3 in PAH.Measurements and Main Results: Lactate production was elevated in lungs of PAH rodents and in platelet-derived growth factor-treated PASMCs. PFKFB3 protein was higher in pulmonary arteries of patients and rodents with PAH, in PASMCs of patients with PAH, and in platelet-derived growth factor-treated PASMCs. PFKFB3 inhibition by genetic disruption and chemical inhibitor attenuated phosphorylation/activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and calpain-2, and vascular remodeling in PAH rodent models, and reduced platelet-derived growth factor-induced phosphorylation/activation of ERK1/2 and calpain-2, collagen synthesis and proliferation of PASMCs. ERK1/2 inhibition attenuated phosphorylation/activation of calpain-2, and vascular remodeling in Sugen/hypoxia PAH rats, and reduced lactate-induced phosphorylation/activation of calpain-2, collagen synthesis, and proliferation of PASMCs. Calpain-2 inhibition reduced lactate-induced collagen synthesis and proliferation of PASMCs.Conclusions: Upregulated PFKFB3 mediates collagen synthesis and proliferation of PASMCs, contributing to vascular remodeling in PAH. The mechanism is through the elevation of glycolysis and lactate that results in the activation of calpain by ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of calpain-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yapeng Cao
- Vascular Biology Center
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Vascular Biology Center
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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28
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Tian W, Jiang X, Sung YK, Shuffle E, Wu TH, Kao PN, Tu AB, Dorfmüller P, Cao A, Wang L, Peng G, Kim Y, Zhang P, Chappell J, Pasupneti S, Dahms P, Maguire P, Chaib H, Zamanian R, Peters-Golden M, Snyder MP, Voelkel NF, Humbert M, Rabinovitch M, Nicolls MR. Phenotypically Silent Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 Mutations Predispose Rats to Inflammation-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Enhancing the Risk for Neointimal Transformation. Circulation 2019; 140:1409-1425. [PMID: 31462075 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bmpr2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) mutations are critical risk factors for hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with approximately 20% of carriers developing disease. There is an unmet medical need to understand how environmental factors, such as inflammation, render Bmpr2 mutants susceptible to PAH. Overexpressing 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) provokes lung inflammation and transient PAH in Bmpr2+/- mice. Accordingly, 5-LO and its metabolite, leukotriene B4, are candidates for the second hit. The purpose of this study was to determine how 5-LO-mediated pulmonary inflammation synergized with phenotypically silent Bmpr2 defects to elicit significant pulmonary vascular disease in rats. METHODS Monoallelic Bmpr2 mutant rats were generated and found phenotypically normal for up to 1 year of observation. To evaluate whether a second hit would elicit disease, animals were exposed to 5-LO-expressing adenovirus, monocrotaline, SU5416, SU5416 with chronic hypoxia, or chronic hypoxia alone. Bmpr2-mutant hereditary PAH patient samples were assessed for neointimal 5-LO expression. Pulmonary artery endothelial cells with impaired BMPR2 signaling were exposed to increased 5-LO-mediated inflammation and were assessed for phenotypic and transcriptomic changes. RESULTS Lung inflammation, induced by intratracheal delivery of 5-LO-expressing adenovirus, elicited severe PAH with intimal remodeling in Bmpr2+/- rats but not in their wild-type littermates. Neointimal lesions in the diseased Bmpr2+/- rats gained endogenous 5-LO expression associated with elevated leukotriene B4 biosynthesis. Bmpr2-mutant hereditary PAH patients similarly expressed 5-LO in the neointimal cells. In vitro, BMPR2 deficiency, compounded by 5-LO-mediated inflammation, generated apoptosis-resistant and proliferative pulmonary artery endothelial cells with mesenchymal characteristics. These transformed cells expressed nuclear envelope-localized 5-LO consistent with induced leukotriene B4 production, as well as a transcriptomic signature similar to clinical disease, including upregulated nuclear factor Kappa B subunit (NF-κB), interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways. The reversal of PAH and vasculopathy in Bmpr2 mutants by TGF-β antagonism suggests that TGF-β is critical for neointimal transformation. CONCLUSIONS In a new 2-hit model of disease, lung inflammation induced severe PAH pathology in Bmpr2+/- rats. Endothelial transformation required the activation of canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling pathways and was characterized by 5-LO nuclear envelope translocation with enhanced leukotriene B4 production. This study offers an explanation of how an environmental injury unleashes the destructive potential of an otherwise silent genetic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Yon K Sung
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Eric Shuffle
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Ting-Hsuan Wu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Peter N Kao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Allen B Tu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.D., M.H.).,Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherche Medicale UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (P.D., M.H.).,Pathology Department, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, Paris, France (P.D.)
| | - Aiqin Cao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Lingli Wang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Gongyong Peng
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.).,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (G.P.)
| | - Yesl Kim
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Patrick Zhang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - James Chappell
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Shravani Pasupneti
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Petra Dahms
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Peter Maguire
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Hassan Chaib
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Roham Zamanian
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | | | - Michael P Snyder
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | | | - Marc Humbert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.D., M.H.).,Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherche Medicale UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (P.D., M.H.).,AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Department Hospitalo-Universitaire Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.)
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
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29
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Li H, Chen LP, Wang T, Wang SG, Liu JH. Calpain inhibition improves erectile function in diabetic mice via upregulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and reducing apoptosis. Asian J Androl 2019; 20:342-348. [PMID: 29319007 PMCID: PMC6038160 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_63_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain activation contributes to hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis. This study was designed to investigate the role of calpain inhibition in improving diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED) in mice. Thirty-eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: (1) nondiabetic control group, (2) diabetic mice + vehicle group, and (3) diabetic mice + MDL28170 (an inhibitor of calpain) group. Type 1 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 60 mg kg−1 body weight for 5 consecutive days. Thirteen weeks later, diabetic mice were treated with MDL28170 or vehicle for 4 weeks. The erectile function was assessed by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Penile tissues were collected for measurement of calpain activity and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to evaluate apoptosis. Caspase-3 expression and activity were also measured to determine apoptosis. Our results showed that erectile function was enhanced by MDL28170 treatment in diabetic mice compared with the vehicle diabetic group. No differences in calpain-1 and calpain-2 expressions were observed among the three groups. However, calpain activity was increased in the diabetic group and reduced by MDL28170. The eNOS-NO-cGMP pathway was upregulated by MDL28170 treatment in diabetic mice. Additionally, MDL28170 could attenuate apoptosis and increase the endothelium and smooth muscle levels in corpus cavernosum. Inhibition of calpain could improve erectile function, probably by upregulating the eNOS-NO-cGMP pathway and reducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shao-Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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30
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Bai P, Lyu L, Yu T, Zuo C, Fu J, He Y, Wan Q, Wan N, Jia D, Lyu A. Macrophage-Derived Legumain Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension by Activating the MMP (Matrix Metalloproteinase)-2/TGF (Transforming Growth Factor)-β1 Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:e130-e145. [PMID: 30676070 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Macrophages participate in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Lgmn (Legumain), a newly discovered cysteine proteinase belonging to the C13 peptidase family, is primarily expressed in macrophages; however, its roles in PAH remain unknown.
Approach and Results—
Herein, Lgmn was upregulated in lung tissues of PAH mice subjected to hypoxia plus SU5416 and PAH rats challenged with monocrotaline. Global Lgmn ablation and macrophage-specific ablation alleviated PAH compared with wild-type mice, evident from a reduction in right ventricular systolic pressure, the ratio of the right ventricular wall to the left ventricular wall plus the septum, the pulmonary vascular media thickness, and pulmonary vascular muscularization. Increased expression of ECM (extracellular matrix) proteins was correlated with MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2 activation and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 signaling in the PAs. Although Lgmn did not affect inflammatory cell infiltration and PA smooth muscle cell proliferation, it drove increased the synthesis of ECM proteins via MMP-2 activation. MMP-2 hydrolyzed the TGF-β1 precursor to the active form. An Lgmn-specific inhibitor markedly ameliorated PAH. Clinically, serum Lgmn levels were closely associated with the severity of idiopathic PAH.
Conclusions—
Our results indicate that Lgmn inhibition could be an effective strategy for preventing or delaying PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Bai
- From the Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital (P.B., N.W., A.L.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Luheng Lyu
- Biology Major, School of Arts and Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL (L.L.)
| | - Tingting Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital (T.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Caojian Zuo
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (C.Z., Q.W.)
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (J.F.)
| | - Yuhu He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Y.H.)
| | - Qiangyou Wan
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (C.Z., Q.W.)
| | - Naifu Wan
- From the Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital (P.B., N.W., A.L.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Daile Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (D.J.)
| | - Ankang Lyu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital (P.B., N.W., A.L.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
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31
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Randriamboavonjy V, Kyselova A, Fleming I. Redox Regulation of Calpains: Consequences on Vascular Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1011-1026. [PMID: 30266074 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Calpains (CAPNs) are a family of calcium-activated cysteine proteases. The ubiquitous isoforms CAPN1 and CAPN2 have been involved in the maintenance of vascular integrity, but uncontrolled CAPN activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Recent Advances: It is well accepted that chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with the development of vascular diseases. There is increasing evidence that ROS can also affect the CAPN activity, suggesting CAPN as a potential link between oxidative stress and vascular disease. CRITICAL ISSUES The physiopathological relevance of ROS in regulating the CAPN activity is not fully understood but seems to involve direct effects on CAPNs, redox modifications of CAPN substrates, as well as indirect effect on CAPNs via changes in Ca2+ levels. Finally, CAPNs can also stimulate ROS production; however, data showing in which context ROS are the causes or the consequences of CAPN activation are missing. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the different members of the CAPN system by specific ROS would help understanding the pathophysiological role of CAPN in the modulation of the vascular function. Moreover, given that CAPNs have been found in different cellular compartments such as mitochondria and nucleus as well as in the extracellular space, identification of new CAPN targets as well as their functional consequences would add new insights in the function of these enigmatic proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voahanginirina Randriamboavonjy
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kyselova
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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32
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Barman SA, Li X, Haigh S, Kondrikov D, Mahboubi K, Bordan Z, Stepp DW, Zhou J, Wang Y, Weintraub DS, Traber P, Snider W, Jonigk D, Sullivan J, Crislip GR, Butcher JT, Thompson J, Su Y, Chen F, Fulton DJR. Galectin-3 is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and promotes pulmonary hypertension through changes in proliferation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L784-L797. [PMID: 30724100 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00186.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A defining characteristic of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the extensive remodeling of pulmonary arteries (PAs), which results in progressive increases in vascular resistance and stiffness and eventual failure of the right ventricle. There is no cure for PH and identification of novel molecular mechanisms that underlie increased proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and excessive extracellular matrix production in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is a vital objective. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a chimeric lectin and potent driver of many aspects of fibrosis, but its role in regulating PASMC behavior in PH remains poorly understood. Herein, we evaluated the importance of increased Gal-3 expression and signaling on PA vascular remodeling and cardiopulmonary function in experimental models of PH. Gal-3 expression was quantified by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence imaging, and its functional role was assessed by specific Gal-3 inhibitors and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Gal-3 in the rat. In rat models of PH, we observed increased Gal-3 expression in PASMCs, which stimulated migration and resistance to apoptosis, whereas silencing or genetic deletion reduced cellular migration and PA fibrosis and increased apoptosis. Gal-3 inhibitors attenuated and reversed PA remodeling and fibrosis, as well as hemodynamic indices in monocrotaline (MCT)-treated rats in vivo. These results were supported by genetic deletion of Gal-3 in both MCT and Sugen Hypoxia rat models. In conclusion, our results suggest that elevated Gal-3 levels contribute to inappropriate PA remodeling in PH by enhancing multiple profibrotic mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies targeting Gal-3 may be of benefit in the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Barman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xueyi Li
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Stephen Haigh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Dmitry Kondrikov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Keyvan Mahboubi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zsuzsanna Bordan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - David W Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yusi Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Daniel S Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - William Snider
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Jennifer Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer Thompson
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Feng Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - David J R Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
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33
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Rol N, Kurakula KB, Happé C, Bogaard HJ, Goumans MJ. TGF-β and BMPR2 Signaling in PAH: Two Black Sheep in One Family. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092585. [PMID: 30200294 PMCID: PMC6164161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge pertaining to the involvement of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is continuously increasing. There is a growing understanding of the function of individual components involved in the pathway, but a clear synthesis of how these interact in PAH is currently lacking. Most of the focus has been on signaling downstream of BMPR2, but it is imperative to include the role of TGF-β signaling in PAH. This review gives a state of the art overview of disturbed signaling through the receptors of the TGF-β family with respect to vascular remodeling and cardiac effects as observed in PAH. Recent (pre)-clinical studies in which these two pathways were targeted will be discussed with an extended view on cardiovascular research fields outside of PAH, indicating novel future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rol
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Konda Babu Kurakula
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Chris Happé
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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34
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Hong JY, Park SY, Kim Y, Lee CY, Lee MG. Calpain and spectrin breakdown products as potential biomarkers in tuberculous pleural effusion. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:2558-2566. [PMID: 29997916 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.04.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) remains difficult. Calpain is a family of calcium-dependent endopeptidase that plays an important role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and collagen synthesis. The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of pleural fluid angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), calpain-1, spectrin breakdown products (SBDP), and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in TPE and malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Methods The study included 47 patients with TPE, 28 patients with MPE, and 10 patients with transudate of non-tuberculous and non-malignant origin as controls. Calpain-1, ACE, SBDP, and MMP-1 levels in pleural fluid were measured by the ELISA method. Results ACE, calpain-1, SBDP, and MMP-1 levels were higher in TPE than MPE and transudate (all, P<0.05). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, adenosine deaminase (ADA) ≥40 IU/mL, calpain-1 ≥787 ng/mL, and SBDP ≥2.745 ng/mL were independent factors associated with TPE. The predicted probability of TPE based on these three predictors had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.985, with 97.9% sensitivity and 86.6% specificity under a cut-off value of 0.326. In patients with TPE, residual pulmonary thickening (RPT) was associated with significantly higher calpain-1, SBDP, and MMP-1 levels (all, P<0.05) versus cases without RPT. Conclusions Our results suggest that the overproduction of calpain-1 and SBDP is associated with pleural fibrosis in tuberculous pleurisy. While ADA is a conventional marker for diagnostic TPE, the simultaneous measurement of calpain-1 and SBDP l in pleural fluid may improve the diagnostic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Lung Research Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeong Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Youl Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Lung Research Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Goo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Lung Research Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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35
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Liu Y, Liu B, Zhang GQ, Zou JF, Zou ML, Cheng ZS. Calpain inhibition attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via switching the development of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 391:695-704. [PMID: 29666896 PMCID: PMC5994212 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are intracellular calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, which cleave several substrates proteins, have been proven to play important roles in lung fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of calpain on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. A lung fibrosis mice model was established successfully by intraperitoneal injection of bleomycin. Calpeptin, a highly selective inhibitor of calpain activation, was administered three times weekly after bleomycin injection. Histological examination was used to assess the fibrosis. Quantitative-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess the development of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We found calpeptin treatment decreased the BLM-induced EMT-associated markers, such as muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen-I, while increased E-cadherin (E-cad). Calpeptin also suppressed the activation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-Smad2/3 signaling pathway, which plays crucial role in lung fibrosis and EMT. Furthermore, we found differentiated embryonic chondrocyte-expressed gene 1 (DEC1), an important transcription factor, was upregulated in both patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. DEC1 was suppressed by calpeptin in bleomycin-induced mice model. Collectively, these findings indicated that calpeptin had a potential anti-fibrosis effect, which focus on the development of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Gu-Qin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jing-Feng Zou
- Department of Respiratory, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Meng-Lin Zou
- Department of Respiratory, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhen-Shun Cheng
- Department of Respiratory, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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36
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Goulopoulou S. Calpain: A Novel Mediator of MPO (Myeloperoxidase)-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Hypertension 2018; 71:574-576. [PMID: 29507102 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.10441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Goulopoulou
- From the Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth.
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37
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Song LJ, Xiang F, Ye H, Huang H, Yang J, Yu F, Xiong L, Xu JJ, Greer PA, Shi HZ, Xin JB, Su Y, Ma WL. Inhibition of angiotensin II and calpain attenuates pleural fibrosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 48:46-52. [PMID: 29107090 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pleural fibrosis is associated with various inflammatory processes such as tuberculous pleurisy and bacterial empyema. There is currently no ideal therapeutic to attenuate pleural fibrosis. Some pro-fibrogenic mediators induce fibrosis through inflammatory processes, suggesting that blockage of these mediators might prevent pleural fibrosis. The MeT-5A human pleural mesothelial cell line (PMC) was used in this study as an in vitro model of fibrosis; and intra-pleural injection of bleomycin with carbon particles was used as an in vivo mouse model of pleural fibrosis. Calpain knockout mice, calpain inhibitor (calpeptin), and angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist (losartan) were evaluated in prevention of experimental pleural fibrosis. We found that bleomycin and carbon particles induced calpain activation in cultured PMCs. This in vitro response was associated with increased collagen-I synthesis, and was blocked by calpain inhibitor or AT1R antagonist. Calpain genetic or treatment with calpeptin or losartan prevented pleural fibrosis in a mouse model induced by bleomycin and carbon particles. Our findings indicate that Ang II signaling and calpain activation induce collagen-I synthesis and contribute to fibrotic alterations in pleural fibrosis. Inhibition of Ang II and calpain might therefore be a novel strategy in treatment of pleural fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jie Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fei Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wuhan Institute of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Juan-Juan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Peter A Greer
- Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jian-Bao Xin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan 430030, China.
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38
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STAT3-RXR-Nrf2 activates systemic redox and energy homeostasis upon steep decline in pO 2 gradient. Redox Biol 2017; 14:423-438. [PMID: 29078168 PMCID: PMC5680518 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxia elicits several patho-physiological manifestations, some of which are known to be lethal. Among various molecular mechanisms proposed so far, perturbation in redox state due to imbalance between radical generation and antioxidant defence is promising. These molecular events are also related to hypoxic status of cancer cells and therefore its understanding has extended clinical advantage beyond high altitude hypoxia. In present study, however, the focus was to understand and propose a model for rapid acclimatization of high altitude visitors to enhance their performance based on molecular changes. We considered using simulated hypobaric hypoxia at some established thresholds of high altitude stratification based on known physiological effects. Previous studies have focused on the temporal aspect while overlooking the effects of varying pO2 levels during exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The pO2 levels, indicative of altitude, are crucial to redox homeostasis and can be the limiting factor during acclimatization to hypobaric hypoxia. In this study we present the effects of acute (24h) exposure to high (3049m; pO2: 71kPa), very high (4573m; pO2: 59kPa) and extreme altitude (7620m; pO2: 40kPa) zones on lung and plasma using semi-quantitative redox specific transcripts and quantitative proteo-bioinformatics workflow in conjunction with redox stress assays. It was observed that direct exposure to extreme altitude caused 100% mortality, which turned into high survival rate after pre-exposure to 59kPa, for which molecular explanation were also found. The pO2 of 59kPa (very high altitude zone) elicits systemic energy and redox homeostatic processes by modulating the STAT3-RXR-Nrf2 trio. Finally we posit the various processes downstream of STAT3-RXR-Nrf2 and the plasma proteins that can be used to ascertain the redox status of an individual.
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Hudnall AM, Arthur JW, Lowery JW. Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms of Antagonism Between the BMP and Activin/TGF-β Signaling Pathways. J Osteopath Med 2017; 116:452-61. [PMID: 27367950 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2016.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily is a large group of signaling molecules that participate in embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tissue homeostasis. These molecules are present in all animal genomes. Dysfunction in the regulation or activity of this superfamily's components underlies numerous human diseases and developmental defects. There are 2 distinct arms downstream of the TGF-β superfamily ligands-the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and activin/TGF-β signaling pathways-and these 2 responses can oppose one another's effects, most notably in disease states. However, studies have commonly focused on a single arm of the TGF-β superfamily, and the antagonism between these pathways is unknown in most physiologic and pathologic contexts. In this review, the authors summarize the clinically relevant scenarios in which the BMP and activin/TGF-β pathways reportedly oppose one another and identify several molecular mechanisms proposed to mediate this interaction. Particular attention is paid to experimental findings that may be informative to human pathology to highlight potential therapeutic approaches for future investigation.
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Miyazaki T, Miyazaki A. Dysregulation of Calpain Proteolytic Systems Underlies Degenerative Vascular Disorders. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:1-15. [PMID: 28819082 PMCID: PMC5770219 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, aneurysms, diabetic angiopathy/retinopathy as well as fibrotic and proliferative vascular diseases are generally complicated by the progression of degenerative insults, which are characterized by endothelial dysfunction, apoptotic/necrotic cell death in vascular/immune cells, remodeling of extracellular matrix or breakdown of elastic lamella. Increasing evidence suggests that dysfunctional calpain proteolytic systems and defective calpain protein metabolism in blood vessels contribute to degenerative disorders. In vascular endothelial cells, the overactivation of conventional calpains consisting of calpain-1 and -2 isozymes can lead to the disorganization of cell-cell junctions, dysfunction of nitric oxide synthase, sensitization of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription cascades and depletion of prostaglandin I2, which contributes to degenerative disorders. In addition to endothelial cell dysfunctions, calpain overactivation results in inflammatory insults in macrophages and excessive fibrogenic/proliferative signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, calpain-6, a non-proteolytic unconventional calpain, is involved in the conversion of macrophages to a pro-atherogenic phenotype, leading to the pinocytotic deposition of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the cells. Here, we discuss the recent progress that has been made in our understanding of how calpain contributes to degenerative vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Akira Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine
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Wan F, Letavernier E, Abid S, Houssaini A, Czibik G, Marcos E, Rideau D, Parpaleix A, Lipskaia L, Amsellem V, Gellen B, Sawaki D, Derumeaux G, Dubois-Randé JL, Delcroix M, Quarck R, Baud L, Adnot S. Extracellular Calpain/Calpastatin Balance Is Involved in the Progression of Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:337-51. [PMID: 26974350 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0257oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive growth of pulmonary arterial (PA) smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is a major component of PA hypertension (PAH). The calcium-activated neutral cysteine proteases calpains 1 and 2, expressed by PASMCs, contribute to PH but are tightly controlled by a single specific inhibitor, calpastatin. Our objective was to investigate calpastatin during pulmonary hypertension (PH) progression and its potential role as an intracellular and/or extracellular effector. We assessed calpains and calpastatin in patients with idiopathic PAH and mice with hypoxic or spontaneous (SM22-5HTT(+) strain) PH. To assess intracellular and extracellular roles for calpastatin, we studied effects of the calpain inhibitor PD150606 on hypoxic PH in mice with calpastatin overexpression driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter (CMV-Cast) or C-reactive protein (CRP) promoter (CRP-Cast), inducing increased calpastatin production ubiquitously and in the liver, respectively. Chronically hypoxic and SM22-5HTT(+) mice exhibited increased lung calpastatin and calpain 1 and 2 protein levels and activity, both intracellularly and extracellularly. Prominent calpastatin and calpain immunostaining was found in PASMCs of remodeled vessels in mice and patients with PAH, who also exhibited increased plasma calpastatin levels. CMV-Cast and CRP-Cast mice showed similarly decreased PH severity compared with wild-type mice, with no additional effect of PD150606 treatment. In cultured PASMCs from wild-type and CMV-Cast mice, exogenous calpastatin decreased cell proliferation and migration with similar potency as PD150606 and suppressed fibronectin-induced potentiation. These results indicate that calpastatin limits PH severity via extracellular mechanisms. They suggest a new approach to the development of treatments for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wan
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche_accredited by INSERM 1155, and Department of Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (DHU Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy), Paris, France, and Department of Physiology, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Shariq Abid
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Amal Houssaini
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Gabor Czibik
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Dominique Rideau
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Aurélien Parpaleix
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Larissa Lipskaia
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Valérie Amsellem
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Barnabas Gellen
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Genevieve Derumeaux
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
- 3 Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France; and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France; and
| | - Marion Delcroix
- 4 Respiratory Division, University Hospitals of Leuven and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rozenn Quarck
- 4 Respiratory Division, University Hospitals of Leuven and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurent Baud
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche_accredited by INSERM 1155, and Department of Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (DHU Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy), Paris, France, and Department of Physiology, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
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TGF-β activation by bone marrow-derived thrombospondin-1 causes Schistosoma- and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15494. [PMID: 28555642 PMCID: PMC5459967 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive disease of the precapillary pulmonary arteries. Schistosomiasis-associated PAH shares altered vascular TGF-β signalling with idiopathic, heritable and autoimmune-associated etiologies; moreover, TGF-β blockade can prevent experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) in pre-clinical models. TGF-β is regulated at the level of activation, but how TGF-β is activated in this disease is unknown. Here we show TGF-β activation by thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is both required and sufficient for the development of PH in Schistosoma-exposed mice. Following Schistosoma exposure, TSP-1 levels in the lung increase, via recruitment of circulating monocytes, while TSP-1 inhibition or knockout bone marrow prevents TGF-β activation and protects against PH development. TSP-1 blockade also prevents the PH in a second model, chronic hypoxia. Lastly, the plasma concentration of TSP-1 is significantly increased in subjects with scleroderma following PAH development. Targeting TSP-1-dependent activation of TGF-β could thus be a therapeutic approach in TGF-β-dependent vascular diseases. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) activates latent TGF-β in the extracellular matrix. Here the authors show that inappropriate activation of latent TGF-β in murine, bovine and human lung by monocyte-produced TSP-1 causes pulmonary hypertension, and that interference with the activation process prevents disease development.
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Calvier L, Chouvarine P, Legchenko E, Hoffmann N, Geldner J, Borchert P, Jonigk D, Mozes MM, Hansmann G. PPARγ Links BMP2 and TGFβ1 Pathways in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Regulating Cell Proliferation and Glucose Metabolism. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1118-1134.e7. [PMID: 28467929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BMP2 and TGFβ1 are functional antagonists of pathological remodeling in the arteries, heart, and lung; however, the mechanisms in VSMCs, and their disturbance in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), are unclear. We found a pro-proliferative TGFβ1-Stat3-FoxO1 axis in VSMCs, and PPARγ as inhibitory regulator of TGFβ1-Stat3-FoxO1 and TGFβ1-Smad3/4, by physically interacting with Stat3 and Smad3. TGFβ1 induces fibrosis-related genes and miR-130a/301b, suppressing PPARγ. Conversely, PPARγ inhibits TGFβ1-induced mitochondrial activation and VSMC proliferation, and regulates two glucose metabolism-related enzymes, platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase (PFKP, a PPARγ target, via miR-331-5p) and protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G (PPP1R3G, a Smad3 target). PPARγ knockdown/deletion in VSMCs activates TGFβ1 signaling. The PPARγ agonist pioglitazone reverses PAH and inhibits the TGFβ1-Stat3-FoxO1 axis in TGFβ1-overexpressing mice. We identified PPARγ as a missing link between BMP2 and TGFβ1 pathways in VSMCs. PPARγ activation can be beneficial in TGFβ1-associated diseases, such as PAH, parenchymal lung diseases, and Marfan's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Philippe Chouvarine
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Legchenko
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Nadine Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Jonas Geldner
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Paul Borchert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Miklos M Mozes
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1089, Hungary
| | - Georg Hansmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.
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Cai P, Kovacs L, Dong S, Wu G, Su Y. BMP4 inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation and collagen synthesis via PKA-mediated inhibition of calpain-2 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L638-L648. [PMID: 28235949 PMCID: PMC5451598 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00260.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) on PDGF-induced cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Normal human PASMCs were incubated with and without PDGF-BB in the absence and presence of BMP4 for 0.5 to 24 h. The protein levels of collagen-I, p-Smad2/3, p-Smad1/5, and intracellular active TGF-β1, calpain activity, and cell proliferation were then measured. The results showed that BMP4 induced an increase in p-Smad1/5 but had no effect on the protein levels of collagen-I, p-Smad2/3, and intracellular active TGF-β1 and calpain activity in control PASMCs. Nevertheless, BMP4 attenuated increases in cell proliferation and protein levels of collagen-I, p-Smad2/3, and intracellular active TGF-β1 and calpain activity in PASMCs exposed to PDGF-BB. Moreover, BMP4 increased PKA activity and inhibition of PKA prevented the inhibitory effects of BMP4 on PDGF-BB-induced calpain activation in normal PASMCs. The PKA activator forskolin recapitulated the suppressive effect of BMP4 on PDGF-induced calpain activation. Furthermore, BMP4 prevented a PDGF-induced decrease in calpain-2 phosphorylation at serine-369 in normal PASMCs. Finally, BMP4 did not attenuate PDGF-induced increases in cell proliferation, collagen-I protein levels, and calpain activation and did not induce PKA activation and did not prevent a PDGF-induced decrease in calpain-2 phosphorylation at serine-369 in PASMCs from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. These data demonstrate that BMP4 inhibits PDGF-induced cell proliferation and collagen synthesis via PKA-mediated inhibition of calpain-2 in normal PASMCs. The inhibitory effects of BMP4 on PDGF-induced cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and calpain-2 activation are impaired in PASMCs from PAH patients, which may contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Laszlo Kovacs
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sam Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia; and
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Zhang WF, Zhu TT, Xiong YW, Xiong AZ, Ge XY, Hu CP, Zhang Z. Negative feedback regulation between microRNA let-7g and LOX-1 mediated hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:655-663. [PMID: 28108289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a proliferative disorder associated with enhanced proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Our lately study demonstrated that let-7g inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs via repressing c-myc-Bmi-1-p16 signaling pathway. However, the upstream of let-7g has not yet been fully defined. Previous studies have shown that LOX-1, a target of let-7g, could also regulate the expression of let-7g in human aortic endothelial cells. In this present study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a negative feedback regulation between microRNA let-7g and LOX-1 in hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs. METHODS SD Rats were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2, 3 weeks) to induce PH. HE staining was used to evaluate pulmonary artery remodeling. in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the expression and distribution of let-7g and LOX-1, respectively. MTS, EDU and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate PASMCs proliferation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were conducted to assess the expression of let-7g, LOX-1, calpain-1,-2,-4, and OCT-1. RESULTS The expression of let-7g was significantly down-regulated in pulmonary arteries of hypoxia-induced PH rats accompanied by pulmonary vascular remodeling, whereas let-7g mimic inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs and up-regulation of LOX-1 expression. LOX-1 blocking reversed hypoxia-induced down-regulation of let-7g expression. Calpains, protein kinase C and OCT-1 were involved in negative feedback regulation between let-7g and LOX-1. CONCLUSION Negative feedback regulation between let-7g and LOX-1 mediated hypoxia-induced proliferation of in PASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - You-Wen Xiong
- Jiangxi Center of Medical Device Testing, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Ai-Zhen Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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Kovacs L, Su Y. Redox-Dependent Calpain Signaling in Airway and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in COPD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:139-160. [PMID: 29047085 PMCID: PMC7036267 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The calcium-dependent cytosolic, neutral, thiol endopeptidases, calpains, perform limited cleavage of their substrates thereby irreversibly changing their functions. Calpains have been shown to be involved in several physiological processes such as cell motility, proliferation, cell cycle, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Overactivation of calpain or mutations in the calpain genes contribute to a number of pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and lung diseases. High concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) originated from cigarette smoke or released by numerous cell types such as activated inflammatory cells and other respiratory cells cause oxidative and nitrosative stress contributing to the pathogenesis of COPD. RONS and calpain play important roles in the development of airway and pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD. Published data show that increased RONS production is associated with increased calpain activation and/or elevated calpain protein level, leading to epithelial or endothelial barrier dysfunction, neovascularization, lung inflammation, increased smooth muscle cell proliferation, and deposition of extracellular matrix protein. Further investigation of the redox-dependent calpain signaling may provide future targets for the prevention and treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Kovacs
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Rao SS, Mu Q, Zeng Y, Cai PC, Liu F, Yang J, Xia Y, Zhang Q, Song LJ, Zhou LL, Li FZ, Lin YX, Fang J, Greer PA, Shi HZ, Ma WL, Su Y, Ye H. Calpain-activated mTORC2/Akt pathway mediates airway smooth muscle remodelling in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 47:176-189. [PMID: 27649066 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is characterized by inflammation and airway remodelling. Airway remodelling with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and larger smooth muscle mass are correlated with increased airway responsiveness and asthma severity. Calpain is a family of calcium-dependent endopeptidases, which plays an important role in ECM remodelling. However, the role of calpain in airway smooth muscle remodelling remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of calpain in asthmatic airway remodelling as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS The mouse asthma model was made by ovalbumin sensitization and challenge. Calpain conditional knockout mice were studied in the model. Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were isolated from smooth muscle bundles in airway of rats. Cytokines IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, and TGF-β1, and serum from patients with asthma were selected to treated ASMCs. Collagen-I synthesis, cell proliferation, and phosphorylation of Akt in ASMCs were analysed. RESULTS Inhibition of calpain using calpain knockout mice attenuated airway smooth muscle remodelling in mouse asthma models. Cytokines IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, and TGF-β1, and serum from patients with asthma increased collagen-I synthesis, cell proliferation, and phosphorylation of Akt in ASMCs, which were blocked by the calpain inhibitor MDL28170. Moreover, MDL28170 reduced cytokine-induced increases in Rictor protein, which is the most important component of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). Blockage of the mTORC2 signal pathway prevented cytokine-induced phosphorylation of Akt, collagen-I synthesis, and cell proliferation of ASMCs and attenuated airway smooth muscle remodelling in mouse asthma models. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results indicate that calpain mediates cytokine-induced collagen-I synthesis and proliferation of ASMCs via the mTORC2/Akt signalling pathway, thereby regulating airway smooth muscle remodelling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-S Rao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - P-C Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - F Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Xia
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L-J Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L-L Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - F-Z Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y-X Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - P A Greer
- Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - H-Z Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - W-L Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - H Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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49
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The inhibition of calpains ameliorates vascular restenosis through MMP2/TGF-β1 pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29975. [PMID: 27453531 PMCID: PMC4958998 DOI: 10.1038/srep29975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Restenosis limits the efficacy of vascular percutaneous intervention, in which vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and activation of inflammation are two primary causal factors. Calpains influence VSMC proliferation and collagen synthesis. However, the roles of calpastatin and calpains in vascular restenosis remain unclear. Here, restenosis was induced by ligating the left carotid artery, and VSMCs were pretreated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. Adenovirus vector carrying MMP2 sequence and specific small interfering RNA against calpain-1/2 were introduced. Finally, restenosis enhanced the expression of calpain-1/2, but reduced calpastatin content. In calpastatin transgenic mice, lumen narrowing was attenuated gradually and peaked on days 14-21. Cell proliferation and migration as well as collagen synthesis were inhibited in transgenic mice, and expression of calpain-1/2 and MMP2/transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Consistently, in VSMCs pretreated with PDGF-BB, calpastatin induction and calpains inhibition suppressed the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and collagen synthesis, and reduced expression of calpain-1/2 and MMP2/TGF-β1. Moreover, simvastatin improved restenosis indicators by suppressing the HIF-1α/calpains/MMP2/TGF-β1 pathway. However, MMP2 supplementation eliminated the vascular protection of calpastatin induction and simvastatin. Collectively, calpains inhibition plays crucial roles in vascular restenosis by preventing neointimal hyperplasia at the early stage via suppression of the MMP2/TGF-β1 pathway.
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50
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Yang J, Xiang F, Cai PC, Lu YZ, Xu XX, Yu F, Li FZ, Greer PA, Shi HZ, Zhou Q, Xin JB, Ye H, Su Y, Ma WL. Activation of calpain by renin-angiotensin system in pleural mesothelial cells mediates tuberculous pleural fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L145-53. [PMID: 27261452 PMCID: PMC4967195 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00348.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural fibrosis is defined as an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that results in destruction of the normal pleural tissue architecture. It can result from diverse inflammatory conditions, especially tuberculous pleurisy. Pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) play a pivotal role in pleural fibrosis. Calpain is a family of calcium-dependent endopeptidases, which plays an important role in ECM remodeling. However, the role of calpain in pleural fibrosis remains unknown. In the present study, we found that tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) induced calpain activation in PMCs and that inhibition of calpain prevented TPE-induced collagen-I synthesis and cell proliferation of PMCs. Moreover, our data revealed that the levels of angiotensin (ANG)-converting enzyme (ACE) were significantly higher in pleural fluid of patients with TPE than those with malignant pleural effusion, and ACE-ANG II in TPE resulted in activation of calpain and subsequent triggering of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in PMCs. Finally, calpain activation in PMCs and collagen depositions were confirmed in pleural biopsy specimens from patients with tuberculous pleurisy. Together, these studies demonstrated that calpain is activated by renin-angiotensin system in pleural fibrosis and mediates TPE-induced collagen-I synthesis and proliferation of PMCs via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Calpain in PMCs might be a novel target for intervention in tuberculous pleural fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Zhi Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peter A Greer
- Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Bao Xin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China;
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