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Cheng H, Hua L, Tang H, Bao Z, Xu X, Zhu H, Wang S, Jiapaer Z, Bhatia R, Dunn IF, Deng J, Wang D, Sun S, Luan S, Ji J, Xie Q, Yang X, Lei J, Li G, Wang X, Gong Y. CBX7 reprograms metabolic flux to protect against meningioma progression by modulating the USP44/c-MYC/LDHA axis. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad057. [PMID: 37791390 PMCID: PMC11195615 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is one of the most common primary neoplasms in the central nervous system, but no specific molecularly targeted therapy has been approved for the clinical treatment of aggressive meningiomas. There is hence an urgent demand to decrypt the biological and molecular landscape of malignant meningioma. Here, through the in-silica prescreening and 10-year follow-up studies of 445 meningioma patients, we uncovered that CBX7 expression progressively decreases with malignancy grade and neoplasia stage in meningioma, and a high CBX7 expression level predicts a favorable prognosis in meningioma patients. CBX7 restoration significantly induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits meningioma cell proliferation. iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis indicated that CBX7 restoration triggers the metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. The mechanistic study demonstrated that CBX7 promotes the proteasome-dependent degradation of c-MYC protein by transcriptionally inhibiting the expression of a c-MYC deubiquitinase, USP44, consequently attenuates c-MYC-mediated transactivation of LDHA transcripts, and further inhibits glycolysis and subsequent cell proliferation. More importantly, the functional role of CBX7 was further confirmed in subcutaneous and orthotopic meningioma xenograft mouse models and meningioma patients. Altogether, our results shed light on the critical role of CBX7 in meningioma malignancy progression and identify the CBX7/USP44/c-MYC/LDHA axis as a promising therapeutic target against meningioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Cheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingyang Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hailiang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhongyuan Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zeyidan Jiapaer
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biology Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Roma Bhatia
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ian F Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Daijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shuchen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shihai Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Fangshan Hospital of Beijing, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102400, China
| | - Ji Lei
- Center for Transplantation Science, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xianli Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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de Groot AP, de Haan G. How CBX proteins regulate normal and leukemic blood cells. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38426219 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decisions are dictated by epigenetic landscapes. The Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) represses genes that induce differentiation, thereby maintaining HSC self-renewal. Depending on which chromobox (CBX) protein (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, or CBX8) is part of the PRC1 complex, HSC fate decisions differ. Here, we review how this occurs. We describe how CBX proteins dictate age-related changes in HSCs and stimulate oncogenic HSC fate decisions, either as canonical PRC1 members or by alternative interactions, including non-epigenetic regulation. CBX2, CBX7, and CBX8 enhance leukemia progression. To target, reprogram, and kill leukemic cells, we suggest and describe multiple therapeutic strategies to interfere with the epigenetic functions of oncogenic CBX proteins. Future studies should clarify to what extent the non-epigenetic function of cytoplasmic CBX proteins is important for normal, aged, and leukemic blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P de Groot
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald de Haan
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Tian P, Deng J, Ma C, Miershali A, Maimaitirexiati G, Yan Q, Liu Y, Maimaiti H, Li Y, Zhou C, Ren J, Ding L, Li R. CBX7 is involved in the progression of cervical cancer through the ITGβ3/TGFβ1/AKT pathway. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:14. [PMID: 38028179 PMCID: PMC10664064 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromobox protein homolog 7 (CBX7) serves a tumor-suppressive role in human malignant neoplasias. The downregulation of CBX7 is associated with the poor prognosis and aggressiveness of various human cancers. However, the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of CBX7 in cervical cancer remain unclear. The present study investigated the role and mechanism of CBX7 in cervical cancer. Lentivirus and siRNA were used to construct cervical cancer cells with stable CBX7 knockdown and SiHa xenograft models. The cell growth, migration, invasion and apoptosis were observed through in vivo and in vitro experiments. The expression levels of CBX7, integrin β3 (ITGβ3), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, E-cadherin (E-cad) and vimentin (VIM) were detected by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The correlation between CBX7 and these genes was analyzed. TGFβ1 was also silenced through shRNA in cells with stable CBX7 knockdown to detect its effect on cell growth, invasion and apoptosis, and on pathway-related gene expression. It was revealed that knockdown of CBX7 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells, and inhibited apoptosis. In addition, CBX7 knockdown promoted tumor growth in vivo. Correlation analysis demonstrated that CBX7 was negatively correlated with ITGβ3, TGFβ1, PI3K, AKT, phosphorylated AKT and VIM, but positively correlated with E-cad. Moreover, the knockdown of TGFβ1 reversed the promotion of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis induced by CBX7 knockdown and attenuated the increase of ITGβ3, TGFβ1, PI3K, AKT and VIM caused by CBX7 knockdown. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that the downregulation of CBX7 enhances cell migration and invasion while inhibiting cell apoptosis in cervical cancer by modulating the ITGβ3/TGFβ1/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jinglan Deng
- College of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Cailing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Ainipa Miershali
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Gulikezi Maimaitirexiati
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yating Liu
- College of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hatimihan Maimaiti
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Changhui Zhou
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jingqin Ren
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Lu Ding
- Postdoctoral Research Center on Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
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Touchaei AZ, Vahidi S, Samadani AA. Decoding the interaction between miR-19a and CBX7 focusing on the implications for tumor suppression in cancer therapy. Med Oncol 2023; 41:21. [PMID: 38112798 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and multifaceted disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, genetic alterations, and disruption of normal cellular processes, leading to the formation of malignant tumors with potentially devastating consequences for patients. Molecular research is important in the diagnosis and treatment, one of the molecular mechanisms involved in various cancers is the fluctuation of gene expression. Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, are involved in different stages of cancer. MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that are naturally produced within cells and bind to the 3'-UTR of target mRNA, repressing gene expression by regulating translation. Overexpression of miR-19a has been reported in human malignancies. Upregulation of miR-19a as a member of the miR-17-92 cluster is key to tumor formation, cell proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore. bioinformatics and in vitro data reveal that the miR-19a-3p isoform binds to the 3'UTR of CBX7 and was identified as the miR-19a-3p target gene. CBX7 is known as a tumor suppressor. This review initially describes the regulation of mir-19a in multiple cancers. Accordingly, the roles of miR-19 in affecting its target gene expression CBX7 in carcinoma also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Ren L, Li Z, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Ju Y, Pang X, Sun X, Wang W, Zhang Y. CBX4 promotes antitumor immunity by suppressing Pdcd1 expression in T cells. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2694-2708. [PMID: 37691307 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
E3 SUMO-protein ligase CBX4 (CBX4), a key component of polycomb-repressive complexes 1 (PRC1), has been reported to regulate a variety of genes implicated in tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, its role in T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity remains elusive. To shed light on this issue, we generated mice with T-cell-specific deletion of Cbx4. Tumor growth was increased in the knockout mice. Additionally, their tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes exhibited impaired tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production, with an elevated programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) level. In fact, dysregulated Pdcd1 expression was observed in all major subsets of peripheral T cells from the knockout mice, which was accompanied by a functional defect in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. In support of a direct link between CBX4 and PD-1, Cbx4 overexpression resulted in the downregulation of Pdcd1 expression. Epigenetic analyses indicated that Cbx4 deficiency leads to diminished accumulation of inhibitory histone modifications at conserved region (CR)-C and CR-B sites of the Pdcd1 promoter, namely mono-ubiquitinated histone H2A at lysine 119 (H2AK119ub1) and trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Moreover, inhibition of either the E3 ligase activity of polycomb-repressive complexes 1 (PRC1) or the methyltransferase activity of polycomb-repressive complexes 2 (PRC2) restores Pdcd1 expression in Cbx4-transfected cells. Cumulatively, this study reveals a novel function of CBX4 in the regulation of T-cell function and expands our understanding of the epigenetic control of Pdcd1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ren
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyin Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziheng Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Ju
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewen Pang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, China
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Namløs HM, Khelik K, Nakken S, Vodák D, Hovig E, Myklebost O, Boye K, Meza‐Zepeda LA. Chromosomal instability and a deregulated cell cycle are intrinsic features of high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumours with a metastatic potential. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2432-2450. [PMID: 37622176 PMCID: PMC10620130 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with localised, high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) benefit from adjuvant imatinib treatment. Still, approximately 40% of patients relapse within 3 years after adjuvant therapy and the clinical and histopathological features currently used for risk classification cannot precisely predict poor outcomes after standard treatment. This study aimed to identify genomic and transcriptomic profiles that could be associated with disease relapse and thus a more aggressive phenotype. Using a multi-omics approach, we analysed a cohort of primary tumours from patients with untreated, resectable high-risk GISTs. We compared patients who developed metastatic disease within 3 years after finishing adjuvant imatinib treatment and patients without disease relapse after more than 5 years of follow-up. Combining genomics and transcriptomics data, we identified somatic mutations and deregulated mRNA and miRNA genes intrinsic to each group. Our study shows that increased chromosomal instability (CIN), including chromothripsis and deregulated kinetochore and cell cycle signalling, separates high-risk samples according to metastatic potential. The increased CIN seems to be an intrinsic feature for tumours that metastasise and should be further validated as a novel prognostic biomarker for high-risk GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Maria Namløs
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium HospitalOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Ksenia Khelik
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium HospitalOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Sigve Nakken
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium HospitalOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of InformaticsUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Daniel Vodák
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium HospitalOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of InformaticsUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium HospitalOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department for Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Kjetil Boye
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium HospitalOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of OncologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Leonardo A. Meza‐Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium HospitalOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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Cho KW, Andrade M, Bae S, Kim S, Kim JE, Jang EY, Lee S, Husain A, Sutliff RL, Calvert JW, Park C, Yoon YS. Polycomb Group Protein CBX7 Represses Cardiomyocyte Proliferation Through Modulation of the TARDBP/RBM38 Axis. Circulation 2023; 147:1823-1842. [PMID: 37158107 PMCID: PMC10330362 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shortly after birth, cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle and cease proliferation. At present, the regulatory mechanisms for this loss of proliferative capacity are poorly understood. CBX7 (chromobox 7), a polycomb group (PcG) protein, regulates the cell cycle, but its role in cardiomyocyte proliferation is unknown. METHODS We profiled CBX7 expression in the mouse hearts through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. We overexpressed CBX7 in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes through adenoviral transduction. We knocked down CBX7 by using constitutive and inducible conditional knockout mice (Tnnt2-Cre;Cbx7fl/+ and Myh6-MCM;Cbx7fl/fl, respectively). We measured cardiomyocyte proliferation by immunostaining of proliferation markers such as Ki67, phospho-histone 3, and cyclin B1. To examine the role of CBX7 in cardiac regeneration, we used neonatal cardiac apical resection and adult myocardial infarction models. We examined the mechanism of CBX7-mediated repression of cardiomyocyte proliferation through coimmunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and other molecular techniques. RESULTS We explored Cbx7 expression in the heart and found that mRNA expression abruptly increased after birth and was sustained throughout adulthood. Overexpression of CBX7 through adenoviral transduction reduced proliferation of neonatal cardiomyocytes and promoted their multinucleation. On the other hand, genetic inactivation of Cbx7 increased proliferation of cardiomyocytes and impeded cardiac maturation during postnatal heart growth. Genetic ablation of Cbx7 promoted regeneration of neonatal and adult injured hearts. Mechanistically, CBX7 interacted with TARDBP (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) and positively regulated its downstream target, RBM38 (RNA Binding Motif Protein 38), in a TARDBP-dependent manner. Overexpression of RBM38 inhibited the proliferation of CBX7-depleted neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that CBX7 directs the cell cycle exit of cardiomyocytes during the postnatal period by regulating its downstream targets TARDBP and RBM38. This is the first study to demonstrate the role of CBX7 in regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation, and CBX7 could be an important target for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Won Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mark Andrade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Seongho Bae
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sangsung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jin Eyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Er Yearn Jang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ahsan Husain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Roy L. Sutliff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John W. Calvert
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
| | - Changwon Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Young-sup Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Ortega-Ribera M, Gibert-Ramos A, Abad-Jordà L, Magaz M, Téllez L, Paule L, Castillo E, Pastó R, de Souza Basso B, Olivas P, Orts L, Lozano JJ, Villa R, Bosch J, Albillos A, García-Pagán JC, Gracia-Sancho J. Increased sinusoidal pressure impairs liver endothelial mechanosensing, uncovering novel biomarkers of portal hypertension. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100722. [PMID: 37151732 PMCID: PMC10154975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Portal hypertension (PH) is a frequent and severe clinical syndrome associated with chronic liver disease. Considering the mechanobiological effects of hydrostatic pressure and shear stress on endothelial cells, we hypothesised that PH might influence the phenotype of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) during disease progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of increased hydrodynamic pressure on LSECs and to identify endothelial-derived biomarkers of PH. Methods Primary LSECs were cultured under normal or increased hydrodynamic pressure within a pathophysiological range (1 vs. 12 mmHg) using a microfluidic liver-on-a-chip device. RNA sequencing was used to identify pressure-sensitive genes, which were validated in liver biopsies from two independent cohorts of patients with chronic liver disease with PH (n = 73) and participants without PH (n = 23). Biomarker discovery was performed in two additional independent cohorts of 104 patients with PH and 18 patients without PH. Results Transcriptomic analysis revealed marked deleterious effect of pathological pressure in LSECs and identified chromobox 7 (CBX7) as a key transcription factor diminished by pressure. Hepatic CBX7 downregulation was validated in patients with PH and significantly correlated with hepatic venous pressure gradient. MicroRNA 181a-5p was identified as pressure-induced upstream regulator of CBX7. Two downstream targets inhibited by CBX7, namely, E-cadherin (ECAD) and serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (SPINK1), were found increased in the bloodstream of patients with PH and were highly predictive of PH and clinically significant PH. Conclusions We characterise the detrimental effects of increased hydrodynamic pressure on the sinusoidal endothelium, identify CBX7 as a pressure-sensitive transcription factor, and propose the combination of two of its reported products as biomarkers of PH. Impact and Implications Increased pressure in the portal venous system that typically occurs during chronic liver disease (called portal hypertension) is one of the main drivers of related clinical complications, which are linked to a higher risk of death. In this study, we found that pathological pressure has a harmful effect on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and identified CBX7 as a key protein involved in this process. CBX7 regulates the expression of E-cadherin and SPINK1, and consequently, measuring these proteins in the blood of patients with chronic liver disease allows the prediction of portal hypertension and clinically significant portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Ortega-Ribera
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gibert-Ramos
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Abad-Jordà
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Magaz
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Téllez
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Paule
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Castillo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raül Pastó
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno de Souza Basso
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- PUCRS, Escola de Ciências, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pol Olivas
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Orts
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Villa
- Grupo de Aplicaciones Biomédicas, Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Bosch
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Carles García-Pagán
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. Address: IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Rosselló 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. Tel.: +34 932275400 #4306
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9
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Naqvi AAT, Rizvi SAM, Hassan MI. Pan-cancer analysis of Chromobox (CBX) genes for prognostic significance and cancer classification. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166561. [PMID: 36183965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb group of proteins play a significant role in chromatin remodelling essential for epigenetic regulation of transcription. Chromobox (CBX) gene family is an important part of canonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), belonging to the polycomb group involved in chromatin remodelling. Aberrations in CBX expression are linked to various cancers. To assess their biomarker significance, we performed a pan-cancer analysis of CBX mRNA levels in 18 cancer types. We also performed cancer classification using CBX genes as distinctive features for machine learning model development. Logistic regression (L.R.), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (R.F.), decision tree (D.T.), and XGBoost (XGB) algorithms for model training and classification. The expression of CBX genes was significantly changed in four cancer types, i.e., cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). The fold change (FC) values suggest that CBX2 was significantly upregulated in CHOL (FC = 1.639), COAD (FC = 1.734), and LUSC (FC = 1.506). On the other hand, CBX7 was found downregulated in COAD (FC = -1.209), LUAD (FC = -1.190), and LUSC (FC = -1.214). The performance of machine learning models for classification was excellent. L.R., R.F., SVM, and XGB obtained a prediction accuracy of 100 % for most cancers. However, D.T. performed comparatively poorly in prediction accuracy. The results suggest that CBX expression is significantly altered in all the cancers studied; therefore, they might be treated as potential biomarkers for therapeutic intervention of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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10
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Tian H, Zhao T, Li Y, Sun N, Ma D, Shi Q, Zhang G, Chen Q, Zhang K, Chen C, Zhang Y, Qi X. Chromobox Family Proteins as Putative Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Management: A Preliminary Study Based on Bioinformatics Analysis and qRT-PCR Validation. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2022; 14:515-535. [PMID: 36605919 PMCID: PMC9809168 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s381856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Epigenetic modification of chromatin is an important step in the regulation of gene expression. The chromobox family proteins (CBXs), as epigenetic modifier, may play a vital role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Herein we explored the correlation between CBXs and breast cancer (BC) via the bioinformatics approach and qRT-PCR validation. Methods Several databases, including GEPIA, TCGA, GEO, K-M plotter, STRING, DAVID, cBioPortal, CIBERSORT, and HPA were employed to analyze the expression levels of CBXs and the correlations between CBXs and prognosis (overall and recurrence-free survival) in BC. We analyzed molecular functions, genetic variations, transcription factors of CBXs, and immune cell infiltration status. ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the predictive value of CBXs. RNA extracted from 11 human BC and paired adjacent normal tissues were subjected to qRT-PCR. Results The mRNA expression level of CBX1-5 was significantly upregulated, while that of CBX7 was significantly downregulated in BC; no expression disparities were observed in CBX6/8 expression. Further, high mRNA expression of CBX1/2/3/4/8 correlated with advanced BC, whereas high mRNA expression of CBX6/7 correlated with early BC. High mRNA expressions of CBX1/2/3/5 predict poor OS and RFS, while higher mRNA expressions of CBX6/7 predict better OS and RFS in patients with BC. ROC curve analysis revealed that CBX3 showed excellent discriminatory ability. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that CBXs primarily participated in SUMOylation and post-/transcriptional regulation. Moreover, they presented varying degrees of amplification in BC tissues and were related to the infiltration of various immune cells. Conclusion CBXs can serve as putative biomarkers for BC. Further studies are warranted to determine the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the action of CBXs in BC, particularly CBX1/2/3/5/7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Shi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqiu Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kongyong Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xiaowei Qi; Yi Zhang, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 29, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-23-68754160, Email ;
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11
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A set of common buccal CpGs that predict epigenetic age and associate with lifespan-regulating genes. iScience 2022; 25:105304. [PMID: 36304118 PMCID: PMC9593711 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic aging clocks are computational models that use DNA methylation sites to predict age. Since cheek swabs are non-invasive and painless, collecting DNA from buccal tissue is highly desirable. Here, we review 11 existing clocks that have been applied to buccal tissue. Two of these were exclusively trained on adults and, while moderately accurate, have not been used to capture health-relevant differences in epigenetic age. Using 130 common CpGs utilized by two or more existing buccal clocks, we generate a proof-of-concept predictor in an adult methylomic dataset. In addition to accurately estimating age (r = 0.95 and mean absolute error = 3.88 years), this clock predicted that Down syndrome subjects were significantly older relative to controls. A literature and database review of CpG-associated genes identified numerous genes (e.g., CLOCK, ELOVL2, and VGF) and molecules (e.g., alpha-linolenic acid, glycine, and spermidine) reported to influence lifespan and/or age-related disease in model organisms. 130 CpGs have been used by two or more aging clocks applied to human buccal tissue Common CpG genes are linked to the adaptive immune system and telomere maintenance Common CpGs can be used to build a novel, proof-of-concept epigenetic aging clock Several compounds associated with common CpG genes regulate lifespan in animals
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12
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Zhang Q, Tang Y, Hu G, Yuan Z, Zhang S, Sun Y, Yin D, Dong C, Zhao J, Wu G, Huang X, Yang J, Tang Y. Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies cellular senescence as a new therapeutic target for cancer: multi-omics analysis and single-cell sequencing validation. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4103-4119. [PMID: 36225642 PMCID: PMC9548012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cellular senescence has long been recognized as an anti-tumor mechanism, mounting evidence suggests that in some circumstances, senescent cells promote tumor growth and malignancy spread. Therefore, research into the exact relationship between cellular senescence and tumor immunity is ongoing. We analyzed changes in the expression, copy number variation, single-nucleotide variation, methylation, and drug sensitivity of cellular senescence-related genes in 33 tumor types. The cellular senescence score was calculated using the single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis. The correlations between cellular senescence score and prognosis, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and expression of tumor immune-related genes were comprehensively analyzed. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing data were used to assess the activation state of cellular senescence in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The expression of cellular senescence-associated hub genes varied significantly across cancer types. In these genes, missense mutation was the major type of single nucleotide polymorphism, and heterozygous deletion and heterozygous amplification were the major types of copy number variation. Moreover, the cellular senescence pathway in tumors was sensitive to drugs such as XMD13-2, TPCA-1, methotrexate, and KIN001-102. Furthermore, the cellular senescence score was significantly higher in most cancer types, related to poor prognosis. The expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as NRP1, CD276, and CD44 was significantly correlated with the cellular senescence score. Monocyte cellular senescence was significantly higher in the TME of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma cells than in normal tissues. The findings of this study provide insights into the important role of cellular senescence in the TIME of human cancers and the effect of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreas and Spleen Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| | - Guimei Hu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, China
| | - Zhuoer Yuan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, China
| | - Shengyue Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, China
| | - Yucao Sun
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, China
| | - De Yin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, China
| | - Chencheng Dong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| | - Jiehua Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| | - Guo Wu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, China
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| | - Yuntian Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreas and Spleen Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
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13
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Critical Roles of Polycomb Repressive Complexes in Transcription and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179574. [PMID: 36076977 PMCID: PMC9455514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomp group (PcG) proteins are members of highly conserved multiprotein complexes, recognized as gene transcriptional repressors during development and shown to play a role in various physiological and pathological processes. PcG proteins consist of two Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) with different enzymatic activities: Polycomb repressive complexes 1 (PRC1), a ubiquitin ligase, and Polycomb repressive complexes 2 (PRC2), a histone methyltransferase. Traditionally, PRCs have been described to be associated with transcriptional repression of homeotic genes, as well as gene transcription activating effects. Particularly in cancer, PRCs have been found to misregulate gene expression, not only depending on the function of the whole PRCs, but also through their separate subunits. In this review, we focused especially on the recent findings in the transcriptional regulation of PRCs, the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of PcG proteins, and the research progress of inhibitors targeting PRCs.
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14
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The Role of Polycomb Proteins in Cell Lineage Commitment and Embryonic Development. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:epigenomes6030023. [PMID: 35997369 PMCID: PMC9397020 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development is a highly intricate and complex process. Different regulatory mechanisms cooperatively dictate the fate of cells as they progress from pluripotent stem cells to terminally differentiated cell types in tissues. A crucial regulator of these processes is the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). By catalyzing the mono-, di-, and tri-methylation of lysine residues on histone H3 tails (H3K27me3), PRC2 compacts chromatin by cooperating with Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and represses transcription of target genes. Proteomic and biochemical studies have revealed two variant complexes of PRC2, namely PRC2.1 which consists of the core proteins (EZH2, SUZ12, EED, and RBBP4/7) interacting with one of the Polycomb-like proteins (MTF2, PHF1, PHF19), and EPOP or PALI1/2, and PRC2.2 which contains JARID2 and AEBP2 proteins. MTF2 and JARID2 have been discovered to have crucial roles in directing and recruiting PRC2 to target genes for repression in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Following these findings, recent work in the field has begun to explore the roles of different PRC2 variant complexes during different stages of embryonic development, by examining molecular phenotypes of PRC2 mutants in both in vitro (2D and 3D differentiation) and in vivo (knock-out mice) assays, analyzed with modern single-cell omics and biochemical assays. In this review, we discuss the latest findings that uncovered the roles of different PRC2 proteins during cell-fate and lineage specification and extrapolate these findings to define a developmental roadmap for different flavors of PRC2 regulation during mammalian embryonic development.
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15
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Chen J, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Li J, Boland JA, Cheng NC, Liu K, Tiffen JC, Bertolino P, Bowen DG, Krueger A, Lisowski L, Alexander IE, Vadas MA, El-Omar E, Gamble JR, McCaughan GW. Liver-specific deletion of miR-181ab1 reduces liver tumour progression via upregulation of CBX7. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:443. [PMID: 35867177 PMCID: PMC9307539 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MiR-181 expression levels increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to non-cancerous tissues. MiR-181 has been widely reported as a possible driver of tumourigenesis but also acts as a tumour suppressor. In addition, the miR-181 family regulates the development and function of immune and vascular cells, which play vital roles in the progression of tumours. More complicatedly, many genes have been identified as miR-181 targets to mediate the effects of miR-181. However, the role of miR-181 in the development of primary tumours remains largely unexplored. We aimed to examine the function of miR-181 and its vital mediators in the progression of diethylnitrosamine-induced primary liver cancers in mice. The size of liver tumours was significantly reduced by 90% in global (GKO) or liver-specific (LKO) 181ab1 knockout mice but not in hematopoietic and endothelial lineage-specific knockout mice, compared to WT mice. In addition, the number of tumours was significantly reduced by 50% in GKO mice. Whole-genome RNA-seq analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition was partially reversed in GKO tumours compared to WT tumours. The expression of CBX7, a confirmed miR-181 target, was up-regulated in GKO compared to WT tumours. Stable CBX7 expression was achieved with an AAV/Transposase Hybrid-Vector System and up-regulated CBX7 expression inhibited liver tumour progression in WT mice. Hepatic CBX7 deletion restored the progression of LKO liver tumours. MiR-181a expression was the lowest and CBX7 expression the highest in iClust2 and 3 subclasses of human HCC compared to iClust1. Gene expression profiles of GKO tumours overlapped with low-proliferative peri-portal-type HCCs. Liver-specific loss of miR-181ab1 inhibited primary liver tumour progression via up-regulating CBX7 expression, but tumour induction requires both hepatic and non-hepatic miR-181. Also, miR-181ab1-deficient liver tumours may resemble low-proliferative periportal-type human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Chen
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Jia Li
- Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Centre for Motor Neuron Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jade A Boland
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Ngan Ching Cheng
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Ken Liu
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Jessamy C Tiffen
- Melanoma Epigenetics Lab Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - David G Bowen
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Liver Immunology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Schubertstr 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Translational Vectorology Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ian E Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Mathew A Vadas
- Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Emad El-Omar
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Gamble
- Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia. .,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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16
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Baranovsky A, Ivanov T, Granovskaya M, Papatsenko D, Pervouchine DD. Transcriptome analysis reveals high tumor heterogeneity with respect to re-activation of stemness and proliferation programs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268626. [PMID: 35587924 PMCID: PMC9119523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant alterations in signaling pathways and transcriptional regulatory programs together represent major hallmarks of many cancers. These, among all, include the reactivation of stemness, which is registered by the expression of pathways that are active in the embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, we assembled gene sets that reflect the stemness and proliferation signatures and used them to analyze a large panel of RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Consortium in order to specifically assess the expression of stemness-related and proliferation-related genes across a collection of different tumor types. We introduced a metric that captures the collective similarity of the expression profile of a tumor to that of ESCs, which showed that stemness and proliferation signatures vary greatly between different tumor types. We also observed a high degree of intertumoral heterogeneity in the expression of stemness- and proliferation-related genes, which was associated with increased hazard ratios in a fraction of tumors and mirrored by high intratumoral heterogeneity and a remarkable stemness capacity in metastatic lesions across cancer cells in single cell RNA-seq datasets. Taken together, these results indicate that the expression of stemness signatures is highly heterogeneous and cannot be used as a universal determinant of cancer. This calls into question the universal validity of diagnostic tests that are based on stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Baranovsky
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timofei Ivanov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitri Papatsenko
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri D. Pervouchine
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Functional redundancy among Polycomb complexes in maintaining the pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1198-1214. [PMID: 35364009 PMCID: PMC9120860 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group proteins assemble into multi-protein complexes, known as Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2), that guide cell fate decisions during embryonic development. PRC1 forms an array of biochemically distinct canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) or non-canonical PRC1 (ncPRC1) complexes characterized by the mutually exclusive presence of PCGF (PCGF1-PCGF6) paralog subunit; however, whether each one of these subcomplexes fulfills a distinct role remains largely controversial. Here, by performing a CRISPR-based loss-of-function screen in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we uncovered a previously unappreciated functional redundancy among PRC1 subcomplexes. Disruption of ncPRC1, but not cPRC1, displayed severe defects in ESC pluripotency. Remarkably, coablation of non-canonical and canonical PRC1 in ESCs resulted in exacerbation of the phenotype observed in the non-canonical PRC1-null ESCs, highlighting the importance of functional redundancy among PRC1 subcomplexes. Together, our studies demonstrate that PRC1 subcomplexes act redundantly to silence lineage-specific genes and ensure robust maintenance of ESC identity. cPRC1 complexes are not the key determinant of self-renewal and pluripotency in ESCs ncPRC1 complexes play a fundamental and redundant role in maintaining pluripotency in ESCs cPRC1 and ncPRC1 act redundantly to suppress lineage-specific genes and preserve ESC identity
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18
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Hu K, Yao L, Zhou L, Li J. Diverse Chromobox Family Members: Potential Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2463-2474. [PMID: 35282653 PMCID: PMC8904945 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s350783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Chromobox (CBX) family members were involved in a variety of physiological and oncological processes through the regulation of the epigenetic modification of chromatin. However, the comprehensive analysis of the CBX family in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is lacking. Methods In this work, we used multiple online databases and tools to investigate the roles of CBX family in aspects of gene expression, prognostic evaluation, genetic alteration, immune micro-environment of tumor, and status of methylation. Results The mRNA expression levels of CBX1, CBX3, and CBX5 were aberrantly increased in patients with HNSC, while CBX7 was aberrantly decreased. Higher expression of CBX7 was significantly associated with longer OS. Within the 5–11% of genetic alteration rate of CBXs, CBX3 ranked the highest and CBX5/7 ranked the lowest. SPRR1B, S100A7, CASP14, CDSN, LCE3D were the top 5 neighbor genes with the strongest association with CBXs in HNSC patients. Signaling pathways such as epidermal cell differentiation, cornification, and peptide cross-linking were demonstrated to have a strong association with CBX genes. The profiles of immune cell infiltration had high similarity for the group of HNSC patients stratified by expression of CBXs. The methylation levels of CBX1 and CBX5 significantly decreased, while that of CBX7 significantly increased in HNSC samples when compared with normal tissue. Conclusion In conclusion, the CBX family showed its valuation for further investigation in HNSC. Our research highlighted that CBX7 had the potential to be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanni Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Juanni Li, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Parreno V, Martinez AM, Cavalli G. Mechanisms of Polycomb group protein function in cancer. Cell Res 2022; 32:231-253. [PMID: 35046519 PMCID: PMC8888700 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer arises from a multitude of disorders resulting in loss of differentiation and a stem cell-like phenotype characterized by uncontrolled growth. Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are members of multiprotein complexes that are highly conserved throughout evolution. Historically, they have been described as essential for maintaining epigenetic cellular memory by locking homeotic genes in a transcriptionally repressed state. What was initially thought to be a function restricted to a few target genes, subsequently turned out to be of much broader relevance, since the main role of PcG complexes is to ensure a dynamically choregraphed spatio-temporal regulation of their numerous target genes during development. Their ability to modify chromatin landscapes and refine the expression of master genes controlling major switches in cellular decisions under physiological conditions is often misregulated in tumors. Surprisingly, their functional implication in the initiation and progression of cancer may be either dependent on Polycomb complexes, or specific for a subunit that acts independently of other PcG members. In this review, we describe how misregulated Polycomb proteins play a pleiotropic role in cancer by altering a broad spectrum of biological processes such as the proliferation-differentiation balance, metabolism and the immune response, all of which are crucial in tumor progression. We also illustrate how interfering with PcG functions can provide a powerful strategy to counter tumor progression.
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Yang Y, Hu Z, Sun H, Yu Q, Yang L, Yin F, Sun Y, Pu L, Zhu X, Li S, Chen X, Zhao Y. CBX7, a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 14:5477-5492. [PMID: 34992383 PMCID: PMC8714415 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s325203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major type of NSCLC and has high morbidity and mortality. The identification of useful prognostic biomarkers for LUAD is important. CBX7 has been reported in various cancers yet its expression level and potential roles have not been fully understood. Methods GEPIA, Oncomine, TCGA, KM plotter and OSluca databases were used to explore the expression profile and prognostic effects of CBX7 mRNA expression in patients with LUAD. TIMER was used to explore the relationship between CBX7 and immune infiltrating cells. GSEA was used to further explore the potential biological process and pathways regulated by CBX7 in LUAD. Lastly, IHC detection of CBX7 in 95 samples was used to validate the result. Results We found CBX7 was downregulated in LUAD in GEPIA, Oncomine and TCGA databases. TCGA, KM plotter and OSluca databases suggested that CBX7 was associated with poor clinical outcomes and low survival rate. Using TIMER, we found that CBX7 might be associated with immune infiltration. Via gene set enrichment analysis, we found that tumor-associated biological processes and signaling pathways were enriched in the CBX7 downregulated group. Using clinical samples, we found that CBX7 protein has low expression in LUAD and was associated with poor survival. Conclusion CBX7 might serve as a promising biomarker and potential molecular target in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaoxiu Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghe Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Linzhu Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmen Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Pu
- Department of Nephrology, Kunming Yanan Hospital, Kunming, 650051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingming Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Baoshan People's Hospital, Baoshan, 678000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhang HT, Wang XZ, Zhang QM, Zhao H. Neuroprotection of chromobox 7 knockout in the mouse after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/hemeoxygenase-1 signaling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221094660. [PMID: 35435747 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221094660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of chromobox 7 (CBX7)-mediated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS The experimental wild-type (WT) and CBX7-/- mice were used to establish cerebral I/R models using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery to determine CBX7 levels at different time points after MCAO injury. For all mice, neurological behavior, infarct size, water content, and oxidative stress-related indicators were determined, and transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)) staining method was employed to observe cell apoptosis, while Western blot to measure the expression of CBX7 and Nrf/HO-1 pathway-related proteins. RESULTS At 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after mice with MCAO, CBX7 expression was gradually up-regulated and the peak level was reached at 24 h. Mice in the WT + MCAO group had increased infarct size, with significant increases in the modified neurological severity scores and water content in the brain, as well as the quantity of TUNEL-positive cells. For the oxidative stress-indicators, an increase was seen in the content of MDA (malondial dehyde), but the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and content of GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase) and CAT (catalase) were decreased; meanwhile, the protein expression of CBX7, HO-1, and nuclear Nrf2 was up-regulated, while the cytoplasmic Nrf2 was down-regulated. Moreover, CBX7 knockout attenuated I/R injury in mice. CONCLUSION Knockout of CBX7 may protect mice from cerebral I/R injury by reducing cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, possibly via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xi-Zeng Wang
- The Third Department of Surgery, Xintai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xintai, China
| | - Qing-Mei Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Shandong Liaocheng Veteran Hospital, Liaocheng City, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, 230965Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
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Blackledge NP, Klose RJ. The molecular principles of gene regulation by Polycomb repressive complexes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:815-833. [PMID: 34400841 PMCID: PMC7612013 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of gene expression is fundamental to cell function and development. Although ultimately gene expression relies on DNA-binding transcription factors to guide the activity of the transcription machinery to genes, it has also become clear that chromatin and histone post-translational modification have fundamental roles in gene regulation. Polycomb repressive complexes represent a paradigm of chromatin-based gene regulation in animals. The Polycomb repressive system comprises two central protein complexes, Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2, which are essential for normal gene regulation and development. Our early understanding of Polycomb function relied on studies in simple model organisms, but more recently it has become apparent that this system has expanded and diverged in mammals. Detailed studies are now uncovering the molecular mechanisms that enable mammalian PRC1 and PRC2 to identify their target sites in the genome, communicate through feedback mechanisms to create Polycomb chromatin domains and control transcription to regulate gene expression. In this Review, we discuss and contextualize the emerging principles that define how this fascinating chromatin-based system regulates gene expression in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Klose
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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23
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Li J, Ouyang T, Li M, Hong T, Alriashy M, Meng W, Zhang N. CBX7 is Dualistic in Cancer Progression Based on its Function and Molecular Interactions. Front Genet 2021; 12:740794. [PMID: 34659360 PMCID: PMC8517511 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.740794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobox protein homolog 7 (CBX7) is a member of the Chromobox protein family and participates in the formation of the polycomb repressive complex 1(PRC1). In cells, CBX7 often acts as an epigenetic regulator to regulate gene expression. However, pathologically, abnormal expression of CBX7 can lead to an imbalance of gene expression, which is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancers. In cancers, CBX7 plays a dual role; On the one hand, it contributes to cancer progression in some cancers by inhibiting oncosuppressor genes. On the other hand, it suppresses cancer progression by interacting with different molecules to regulate the synthesis of cell cycle-related proteins. In addition, CBX7 protein may interact with different RNAs (microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs) in different cancer environments to participate in a variety of pathways, affecting the development of cancers. Furthermore, CBX7 is involved in cancer-related immune response and DNA repair. In conclusion, CBX7 expression is a key factor in the occurrence and progression of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Taohui Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mhs Alriashy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
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24
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Wang S, C Ordonez-Rubiano S, Dhiman A, Jiao G, Strohmier BP, Krusemark CJ, Dykhuizen EC. Polycomb group proteins in cancer: multifaceted functions and strategies for modulation. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab039. [PMID: 34617019 PMCID: PMC8489530 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) are a heterogenous collection of dozens, if not hundreds, of protein complexes composed of various combinations of subunits. PRCs are transcriptional repressors important for cell-type specificity during development, and as such, are commonly mis-regulated in cancer. PRCs are broadly characterized as PRC1 with histone ubiquitin ligase activity, or PRC2 with histone methyltransferase activity; however, the mechanism by which individual PRCs, particularly the highly diverse set of PRC1s, alter gene expression has not always been clear. Here we review the current understanding of how PRCs act, both individually and together, to establish and maintain gene repression, the biochemical contribution of individual PRC subunits, the mis-regulation of PRC function in different cancers, and the current strategies for modulating PRC activity. Increased mechanistic understanding of PRC function, as well as cancer-specific roles for individual PRC subunits, will uncover better targets and strategies for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Sandra C Ordonez-Rubiano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Alisha Dhiman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Guanming Jiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Brayden P Strohmier
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Casey J Krusemark
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Emily C Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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25
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Wang W, He L, Ouyang C, Chen C, Xu X, Ye X. Key Common Genes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Lung Cancer are Associated with Prognosis of Lung Cancer Patients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:5381-5396. [PMID: 34526807 PMCID: PMC8435481 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s330681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. This study aimed to identify key common genes in OSA and lung cancer and explore their prognostic value in lung cancer. Materials and Methods Transcriptome data of OSA and lung cancer were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, respectively. Genes associated with OSA and lung cancer were screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression algorithms were applied to identify key genes and construct the risk score model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and a nomogram were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of the risk score. The screened key genes and their roles in prognosis were validated by GEO (GSE30219) analysis. Results A total of 104 common genes were screened in OSA and lung cancer by WGCNA. Modulator of apoptosis 1 (MOAP1), chromobox 7 (CBX7), platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAP2K3) were identified as key genes by univariate and then multivariate Cox regression analyses. The risk score model was constructed on the basis of four gene signatures. ROC curves and the nomogram showed that the risk score had a high accuracy in predicting the survival of patients with lung cancer. In addition, the result of multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor in lung cancer. Conclusion This study constructed a unique model for predicting the prognosis of lung cancer patients on the basis of four genes common to OSA and lung cancer. These genes may also serve as candidate genes to improve our knowledge about the underlying mechanism of OSA that leads to an increased risk of lung cancer at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong He
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqun Ye
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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26
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Zeisig BB, So CWE. Therapeutic Opportunities of Targeting Canonical and Noncanonical PcG/TrxG Functions in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2021; 22:103-125. [PMID: 33929894 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-111120-102443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional deregulation is a key driver of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a heterogeneous blood cancer with poor survival rates. Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) genes, originally identified in Drosophila melanogaster several decades ago as master regulators of cellular identity and epigenetic memory, not only are important in mammalian development but also play a key role in AML disease biology. In addition to their classical canonical antagonistic transcriptional functions, noncanonical synergistic and nontranscriptional functions of PcG and TrxG are emerging. Here, we review the biochemical properties of major mammalian PcG and TrxG complexes and their roles in AML disease biology, including disease maintenance as well as drug resistance. We summarize current efforts on targeting PcG and TrxG for treatment of AML and propose rational synthetic lethality and drug-induced antagonistic pleiotropy options involving PcG and TrxG as potential new therapeutic avenues for treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd B Zeisig
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom;
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom;
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
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27
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Zhang HT, Wang XZ, Zhang QM, Zhao H. Neuroprotection of chromobox 7 knockout in the mouse after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/hemeoxygenase-1 signaling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S178-S186. [PMID: 34353139 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211036122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of chromobox 7 (CBX7)-mediated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS The experimental wild-type (WT) and CBX7-/- mice were used to establish cerebral I/R models using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery to determine CBX7 levels at different time points after MCAO injury. For all mice, neurological behavior, infarct size, water content, and oxidative stress-related indicators were determined, and transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)) staining method was employed to observe cell apoptosis, while Western blot to measure the expression of CBX7 and Nrf/HO-1 pathway-related proteins. RESULTS At 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after mice with MCAO, CBX7 expression was gradually up-regulated and the peak level was reached at 24 h. Mice in the WT + MCAO group had increased infarct size, with significant increases in the modified neurological severity scores and water content in the brain, as well as the quantity of TUNEL-positive cells. For the oxidative stress-indicators, an increase was seen in the content of MDA (malondial dehyde), but the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and content of GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase) and CAT (catalase) were decreased; meanwhile, the protein expression of CBX7, HO-1, and nuclear Nrf2 was up-regulated, while the cytoplasmic Nrf2 was down-regulated. Moreover, CBX7 knockout attenuated I/R injury in mice. CONCLUSION Knockout of CBX7 may protect mice from cerebral I/R injury by reducing cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, possibly via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xi-Zeng Wang
- The Third Department of Surgery, Xintai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xintai, China
| | - Qing-Mei Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Shandong Liaocheng Veteran Hospital, Liaocheng City, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, 230965Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
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28
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Piunti A, Shilatifard A. The roles of Polycomb repressive complexes in mammalian development and cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:326-345. [PMID: 33723438 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than 80 years ago, the first Polycomb-related phenotype was identified in Drosophila melanogaster. Later, a group of diverse genes collectively called Polycomb group (PcG) genes were identified based on common mutant phenotypes. PcG proteins, which are well-conserved in animals, were originally characterized as negative regulators of gene transcription during development and subsequently shown to function in various biological processes; their deregulation is associated with diverse phenotypes in development and in disease, especially cancer. PcG proteins function on chromatin and can form two distinct complexes with different enzymatic activities: Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is a histone ubiquitin ligase and PRC2 is a histone methyltransferase. Recent studies have revealed the existence of various mutually exclusive PRC1 and PRC2 variants. In this Review, we discuss new concepts concerning the biochemical and molecular functions of these new PcG complex variants, and how their epigenetic activities are involved in mammalian development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piunti
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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29
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Zhang S, Zhang H, Li H, Guo J, Wang J, Zhang L. Potential role of glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1 in the development of lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7430-7453. [PMID: 33686019 PMCID: PMC7993716 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1 (GNPNAT1) is a key enzyme associated with glucose metabolism and uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis. Abnormal GNPNAT1 expression might be associated with carcinogenesis. We analyzed multiple lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) gene expression databases and verified GNPNAT1 higher expression in LUAD tumor tissues than in normal tissues. Moreover, we analyzed the survival relationship between LUAD patients’ clinical status and GNPNAT1 expression, and found higher GNPNAT1 expression in LUAD patients with unfavorable prognosis. We built GNPNAT1 gene co-expression networks and further annotated the co-expressed genes’ Gene Ontology (GO) terms, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and various associated regulatory factors. These co-expression genes’ functional networks mainly participate in chromosome segregation, RNA metabolic process, and RNA transport. We analyzed GNPNAT1 genetic alterations and co-occurrence networks, and the functional networks of these genes showed that GNPNAT1 participates in multiple steps of cell cycle transition and in the development of some cancers. We assessed the correlation between GNPNAT1 expression and cancer immune infiltrates and showed that GNPNAT1 expression is correlated with several immune cells, chemokines, and immunomodulators in LUAD. We found that GNPNAT1 correlates with LUAD development and prognosis, laying a foundation for further research, especially in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jida Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyou Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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30
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Ueda S, Kanda M, Sato Y, Baba H, Nakamura S, Sawaki K, Shimizu D, Motoyama S, Fujii T, Kodera Y, Nomoto S. Chromobox 2 Expression Predicts Prognosis After Curative Resection of Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:391-400. [PMID: 32576584 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To investigate the function of chromobox 2 (CBX2) in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry to determine CBX2 expression levels in 13 human OSCC cell lines and clinical specimens of two independent cohorts of patients with OSCC. RESULTS PCR array analysis revealed that CBX2 was co-ordinately expressed with WNT5B in OSCC cell lines. RT-qPCR analysis of clinical samples revealed a high tumour-specific CBX2 expression compared with normal oesophageal tissues. High CBX2 expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival, hematogenous recurrence, and overall recurrence. Analysis of tissue microarrays of one cohort revealed that patients with higher CBX2 levels tended to have a shorter disease-specific survival. CONCLUSION CBX2 overexpression in OSCC tissues may serve as a novel biomarker for predicting survival and hematogenous recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hayato Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Sawaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Motoyama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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31
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Meireles Da Costa N, Palumbo A, De Martino M, Fusco A, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Nasciutti LE. Interplay between HMGA and TP53 in cell cycle control along tumor progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:817-831. [PMID: 32920697 PMCID: PMC11071717 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The high mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are found to be aberrantly expressed in several tumors. Studies (in vitro and in vivo) have shown that HMGA protein overexpression has a causative role in carcinogenesis process. HMGA proteins regulate cell cycle progression through distinct mechanisms which strongly influence its normal dynamics along malignant transformation. Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is the most frequently altered gene in cancer. The loss of its activity is recognized as the fall of a barrier that enables neoplastic transformation. Among the different functions, TP53 signaling pathway is tightly involved in control of cell cycle, with cell cycle arrest being the main biological outcome observed upon p53 activation, which prevents accumulation of damaged DNA, as well as genomic instability. Therefore, the interaction and opposing effects of HMGA and p53 proteins on regulation of cell cycle in normal and tumor cells are discussed in this review. HMGA proteins and p53 may reciprocally regulate the expression and/or activity of each other, leading to the counteraction of their regulation mechanisms at different stages of the cell cycle. The existence of a functional crosstalk between these proteins in the control of cell cycle could open the possibility of targeting HMGA and p53 in combination with other therapeutic strategies, particularly those that target cell cycle regulation, to improve the management and prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Meireles Da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6th floor-Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373-Bloco F, Sala 26, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6th floor-Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373-Bloco F, Sala 26, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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32
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van Wijnen AJ, Bagheri L, Badreldin AA, Larson AN, Dudakovic A, Thaler R, Paradise CR, Wu Z. Biological functions of chromobox (CBX) proteins in stem cell self-renewal, lineage-commitment, cancer and development. Bone 2021; 143:115659. [PMID: 32979540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory proteins support mammalian development, cancer, aging and tissue repair by controlling many cellular processes including stem cell self-renewal, lineage-commitment and senescence in both skeletal and non-skeletal tissues. We review here our knowledge of epigenetic regulatory protein complexes that support the formation of inaccessible heterochromatin and suppress expression of cell and tissue-type specific biomarkers during development. Maintenance and formation of heterochromatin critically depends on epigenetic regulators that recognize histone 3 lysine trimethylation at residues K9 and K27 (respectively, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3), which represent transcriptionally suppressive epigenetic marks. Three chromobox proteins (i.e., CBX1, CBX3 or CBX5) associated with the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) complex are methyl readers that interpret H3K9me3 marks which are mediated by H3K9 methyltransferases (i.e., SUV39H1 or SUV39H2). Other chromobox proteins (i.e., CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7 and CBX8) recognize H3K27me3, which is deposited by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2; a complex containing SUZ12, EED, RBAP46/48 and the methyl transferases EZH1 or EZH2). This second set of CBX proteins resides in PRC1, which has many subunits including other polycomb group factors (PCGF1, PCGF2, PCGF3, PCGF4, PCGF5, PCGF6), human polyhomeotic homologs (HPH1, HPH2, HPH3) and E3-ubiquitin ligases (RING1 or RING2). The latter enzymes catalyze the subsequent mono-ubiquitination of lysine 119 in H2A (H2AK119ub). We discuss biological, cellular and molecular functions of CBX proteins and their physiological and pathological activities in non-skeletal cells and tissues in anticipation of new discoveries on novel roles for CBX proteins in bone formation and skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Leila Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Amr A Badreldin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - A Noelle Larson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
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Wang Z, Fang Z, Chen G, Liu B, Xu J, Li F, Li F, Liu H, Zhang H, Sun Y, Tian G, Chen H, Xu G, Zhang L, Hu L, Ji H. Chromobox 4 facilitates tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Neoplasia 2020; 23:222-233. [PMID: 33387960 PMCID: PMC7797484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromobox 4 (CBX4) is a core component of polycomb-repressive complex 1 with important roles in cancer biology and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant expression of CBX4 has been implicated in several human malignancies. However, its role and underlying mechanisms in the tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been defined in vivo. Here, we found that expression of CBX4 was frequently up-regulated in human LUAD samples and correlated with poor patient survival. Importantly, genetic ablation of CBX4 greatly dampened lung tumor formation and improved survival in the KrasG12D/P53L/L (KP) autochthonous mouse model of LUAD. In addition, CBX4 depletion significantly inhibited proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of KP mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Moreover, ectopic CBX4 expression clearly promoted proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in both human and mouse LUAD cells, whereas silencing of CBX4 exerted opposite effects. Mechanistically, CBX4 promoted growth of LUAD cells through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, expression levels of CBX4 were positively correlated with β-catenin in human LUAD samples. In conclusion, our data suggest that CBX4 plays an oncogenic role via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and could serve as a potential therapeutic target in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaobin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoliang Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China.
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34
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Das P, Taube JH. Regulating Methylation at H3K27: A Trick or Treat for Cancer Cell Plasticity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2792. [PMID: 33003334 PMCID: PMC7600873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Properly timed addition and removal of histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) is critical for enabling proper differentiation throughout all stages of development and, likewise, can guide carcinoma cells into altered differentiation states which correspond to poor prognoses and treatment evasion. In early embryonic stages, H3K27me3 is invoked to silence genes and restrict cell fate. Not surprisingly, mutation or altered functionality in the enzymes that regulate this pathway results in aberrant methylation or demethylation that can lead to malignancy. Likewise, changes in expression or activity of these enzymes impact cellular plasticity, metastasis, and treatment evasion. This review focuses on current knowledge regarding methylation and de-methylation of H3K27 in cancer initiation and cancer cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph H. Taube
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
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35
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Xu Y, Pan S, Song Y, Pan C, Chen C, Zhu X. The Prognostic Value of the Chromobox Family in Human Ovarian Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:5198-5209. [PMID: 32742466 PMCID: PMC7378907 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic tumors in women and has a poor prognosis. The purpose of our study was to identify new prognostic markers in ovarian cancer. We examined the prognostic roles of mRNA expression of the chromobox (CBX) family in patients with ovarian cancer utilizing the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The prognostic values and expression levels of CBX members associated with prognosis were further evaluated using KM plotter in diverse subgroups and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in ovarian carcinoma. The results revealed that elevated CBX1-3 mRNA expression may predict poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer. Notably, in women with ovarian cancer, increased CBX1 mRNA expression was linked to a short OS in all stages and in the grade II and grade III subgroups. Additionally, CBX2 and CBX3 were strongly related to short OS in stage III+IV patients, and a link between high CBX3 mRNA expression and unfavorable OS in grade II patients was observed. High expression levels of CBX1 and CBX3 were significantly associated with chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer patients. IHC staining showed that the CBX1-3 proteins were upregulated in serous ovarian carcinoma tissues compared with normal ovarian tissues. Therefore, our results indicated that CBX1-3 could be attractive biomarkers for predicting poor prognosis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yizuo Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Chen P, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zheng X, Yang D. Comprehensive analysis of aberrantly expressed long non‑coding RNAs, microRNAs, and mRNAs associated with the competitive endogenous RNA network in cervical cancer. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:405-415. [PMID: 32377727 PMCID: PMC7248517 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common malignant disease that poses a serious health threat to women worldwide. Growing research efforts have focused on protein‑coding and non‑coding RNAs involved in the tumorigenesis and prognosis of various types of cancer. The potential molecular mechanisms and the interaction among long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs require further investigation in cervical cancer. In the present study, lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles of 304 primary tumor tissues from patients with cervical cancer and 3 solid normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset were studied via RNA sequencing (RNA‑seq). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using R package clusterProfiler to annotate the principal functions of differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs. Kaplan‑Meier analysis was also conducted to investigate the effects of DElncRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and DEmRNAs on overall survival. A total of 2,255 mRNAs, 133 miRNAs, and 150 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed were identified with a threshold of P<0.05 and |fold change (FC)|>2. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that DEmRNAs were enriched in cancer‑associated KEGG pathways. Furthermore, 255 mRNAs, 15 miRNAs, and 12 lncRNAs that were significantly associated with overall survival in cervical carcinoma were also identified. Importantly, an miRNA‑mediated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was successfully constructed based on the expression profiles of DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs. More importantly, it was found that the lncRNA EPB41L4A‑AS1 may function as a pivotal regulator in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Taken together, the present study has provided novel insights into investigating the potential mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis, development, and prognosis of cervical cancer, and presented new potential avenues for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Weiyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
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37
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Gorski JW, Ueland FR, Kolesar JM. CCNE1 Amplification as a Predictive Biomarker of Chemotherapy Resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050279. [PMID: 32380689 PMCID: PMC7277958 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most-deadly gynecologic malignancy, with greater than 14,000 women expected to succumb to the disease this year in the United States alone. In the front-line setting, patients are treated with a platinum and taxane doublet. Although 40–60% of patients achieve complete clinical response to first-line chemotherapy, 25% are inherently platinum-resistant or refractory with a median overall survival of about one year. More than 80% of women afflicted with ovarian cancer will recur. Many attempts have been made to understand the mechanism of platinum and taxane based chemotherapy resistance. However, despite decades of research, few predictive markers of chemotherapy resistance have been identified. Here, we review the current understanding of one of the most common genetic alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer, CCNE1 (cyclin E1) amplification, and its role as a potential predictive marker of cytotoxic chemotherapy resistance. CCNE1 amplification has been identified as a primary oncogenic driver in a subset of high grade serous ovarian cancer that have an unmet clinical need. Understanding the interplay between cyclin E1 amplification and other common ovarian cancer genetic alterations provides the basis for chemotherapeutic resistance in CCNE1 amplified disease. Exploration of the effect of cyclin E1 amplification on the cellular machinery that causes dysregulated proliferation in cancer cells has allowed investigators to explore promising targeted therapies that provide the basis for emerging clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W. Gorski
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0263, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Frederick R. Ueland
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0263, USA;
| | - Jill M. Kolesar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, 567 TODD Building, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40539-0596, USA;
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38
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Li J, Alvero AB, Nuti S, Tedja R, Roberts CM, Pitruzzello M, Li Y, Xiao Q, Zhang S, Gan Y, Wu X, Mor G, Yin G. CBX7 binds the E-box to inhibit TWIST-1 function and inhibit tumorigenicity and metastatic potential. Oncogene 2020; 39:3965-3979. [PMID: 32205869 PMCID: PMC8343988 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Deaths from ovarian cancer usually occur when patients succumb to overwhelmingly numerous and widespread micrometastasis. Whereas epithelial-mesenchymal transition is required for epithelial ovarian cancer cells to acquire metastatic potential, the cellular phenotype at secondary sites and the mechanisms required for the establishment of metastatic tumors are not fully determined. Using in vitro and in vivo models we show that secondary epithelial ovarian cancer cells (sEOC) do not fully reacquire the molecular signature of the primary epithelial ovarian cancer cells from which they are derived. Despite displaying an epithelial morphology, sEOC maintains a high expression of the mesenchymal effector, TWIST-1. TWIST-1 is however transcriptionally nonfunctional in these cells as it is precluded from binding its E-box by the PcG protein, CBX7. Deletion of CBX7 in sEOC was sufficient to reactivate TWIST-1-induced transcription, prompt mesenchymal transformation, and enhanced tumorigenicity in vivo. This regulation allows secondary tumors to achieve an epithelial morphology while conferring the advantage of prompt reversal to a mesenchymal phenotype upon perturbation of CBX7. We also describe a subclassification of ovarian tumors based on CBX7 and TWIST-1 expression, which predicts clinical outcomes and patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanni Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ayesha B Alvero
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sudhakar Nuti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roslyn Tedja
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cai M Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mary Pitruzzello
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yaqi Gan
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gil Mor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Jiang N, Niu G, Pan YH, Pan W, Zhang MF, Zhang CZ, Shen H. CBX4 transcriptionally suppresses KLF6 via interaction with HDAC1 to exert oncogenic activities in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102692. [PMID: 32113161 PMCID: PMC7044754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of polycomb chromobox (CBX) proteins that mediate epigenetic gene silencing contributes to the progression of human cancers. Yet their roles in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain to be explored. Methods The expression of CBX4 and its clinical significance were determined by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and statistical analyses. The biological function of CBX4 in ccRCC tumor growth and metastasis and the underlying mechanism were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. Findings CBX4 exerts oncogenic activities in ccRCC via interaction with HDAC1 to transcriptionally suppress tumor suppressor KLF6. CBX4 expression is increased in ccRCC and correlated with poor prognosis in two independent cohorts containing 840 patients. High CBX4 expression is significantly associated with Fuhrman grade and tumor lymph node invasion. CBX4 overexpression promotes tumor growth and metastasis, whereas CBX4 knockdown results in the opposite phenotypes. Mechanistically, CBX4 downregulates KLF6 via repressing the transcriptional activity of its promoter. Further studies show that CBX4 physically binds to HDAC1 to maintain its localization on the KLF6 promoter. Ectopic expression of KLF6 or disruption of CBX4-HDAC1 interaction attenuates CBX4-mediated cell growth and migration. Furthermore, CBX4 depletion markedly enhances the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi)-induced cell apoptosis and suppression of tumor growth. Interpretation Our data suggest CBX4 as an oncogene with prognostic potential in ccRCC. The newly identified CBX4/HDAC1/KLF6 axis may represent a potential therapeutic target for the clinical intervention of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gang Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying-Hua Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Wenwei Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chris Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Huimin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Transcriptional expressions of Chromobox 1/2/3/6/8 as independent indicators for survivals in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3450-3473. [PMID: 30481161 PMCID: PMC6286817 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chromobox (CBX) proteins are important components of epigenetic regulation complexes known to play key roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Little is known about the function of distinct CBXs in HCC. To address this issue, the study investigated the roles of CBXs in the prognosis of HCC using ONCOMINE, UALCAN, Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, c-BioPortal databases. Over expressions of 8 CBXs members were found to be significantly associated with clinical cancer stages and pathological tumor grades in HCC patients. Besides, higher mRNA expressions of CBX1/2/3/6/8 were found to be significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in HCC patients, while higher mRNA expression of CBX7 was associated with favorable OS. Multivariate analysis also showed that high mRNA expressions of CBX1/2/3/6/8 were independent prognostic factors for shorter OS of HCC patients. Moreover, high mutation rate of CBXs (51%) was also observed in HCC patients, and genetic alteration in CBXs was associated with shorter OS and disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients. Taken together, these results indicated that CBX1/2/3/6/8 could be prognostic biomarkers for survivals of HCC patients.
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Chiu H, Lee H, Lee K, Zhao Y, Hsu CY, Shyu W. Mechanisms of ischaemic neural progenitor proliferation: a regulatory role of the HIF‐1α‐CBX7 pathway. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 46:391-405. [PMID: 31630421 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H.‐Y. Chiu
- Children’s Hospital China Medical University and Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - H.‐T. Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan
| | - K.‐H. Lee
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Y. Zhao
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - C. Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science and Drug Development Center China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - W.C. Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science and Drug Development Center China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center China Medical University & Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Neurology China Medical University & Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy Asia University Taichung Taiwan
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Hu C, Zhang Q, Tang Q, Zhou H, Liu W, Huang J, Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhang J, Zhou M, Sheng F, Lai W, Tian J, Li G, Zhang R. CBX4 promotes the proliferation and metastasis via regulating BMI-1 in lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:618-631. [PMID: 31724308 PMCID: PMC6933416 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and metastasis are significantly malignant characteristics of human lung cancer, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Chromobox 4 (CBX4), a member of the Polycomb group (PcG) family of epigenetic regulatory factors, enhances cellular proliferation and promotes cancer cell migration. However, the effect of CBX4 in the progression of lung cancer is not fully understood. We found that CBX4 is highly expressed in lung tumours compared with adjacent normal tissues. Overexpression of CBX4 significantly promotes cell proliferation and migration in human lung cancer cell lines. The knockdown of CBX4 obviously suppresses the cell growth and migration of human lung cancer cells in vitro. Also, the proliferation and metastasis in vivo are blocked by CBX4 knockdown. Furthermore, CBX4 knockdown effectively arrests cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase through suppressing the expression of CDK2 and Cyclin E and decreases the formation of filopodia through suppressing MMP2, MMP9 and CXCR4. Additionally, CBX4 promotes proliferation and metastasis via regulating the expression of BMI‐1 which is a significant regulator of proliferation and migration in lung cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest that CBX4 is not only a novel prognostic marker but also may be a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huyue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wuyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangfang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Teaching Support, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Simhadri C, Daze KD, Douglas SF, Milosevich N, Monjas L, Dev A, Brown TM, Hirsch AKH, Wulff JE, Hof F. Rational Adaptation of L3MBTL1 Inhibitors to Create Small‐Molecule Cbx7 Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1444-1456. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin D. Daze
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Sarah F. Douglas
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Natalia Milosevich
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Leticia Monjas
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Amarjot Dev
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Tyler M. Brown
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Present affiliation: Department for Drug Design and Optimization and Department of Pharmacy, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Saarland University Campus Building E 8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Jeremy E. Wulff
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Fraser Hof
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
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Jangal M, Lebeau B, Witcher M. Beyond EZH2: is the polycomb protein CBX2 an emerging target for anti-cancer therapy? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:565-578. [PMID: 31177918 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1627329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Epigenetic modifications are important regulators of transcription and appropriate gene expression answering an environmental stimulus. In cancer, these epigenetic modifications are altered, which impact the transcriptome, promoting initiation and cancer progression. Thus, targeting epigenetic machinery has proven to be an efficient cancer therapy. Areas covered: We review CBX2 as a therapeutic target. CBX2 is a polycomb protein, responsible for polycomb-repressive complex 1 (PRC1) targeting to chromatin via recognition of the repressive mark H3K27me3. Mechanistically, CBX2 overexpression may be implicated in poor survival by maintaining cancer stem cells in an undifferentiated state and via repression of tumor suppressors. We discuss strategies used to target CBX proteins and provide insights into biomarker considerations that may be important when targeting CBX family members for anti-cancer therapy. Expert opinion: CBX2 inhibition is a promising approach for the targeting of polycomb complexes in the cancer stem cell niche. However, extensive optimization of the current field of small molecules targeting CBX family proteins will be critical to reach in vivo, or clinical, utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïka Jangal
- a The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , Canada
| | - Benjamin Lebeau
- a The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , Canada
| | - Michael Witcher
- a The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , Canada
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Fursova NA, Blackledge NP, Nakayama M, Ito S, Koseki Y, Farcas AM, King HW, Koseki H, Klose RJ. Synergy between Variant PRC1 Complexes Defines Polycomb-Mediated Gene Repression. Mol Cell 2019; 74:1020-1036.e8. [PMID: 31029541 PMCID: PMC6561741 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Polycomb system modifies chromatin and plays an essential role in repressing gene expression to control normal mammalian development. However, the components and mechanisms that define how Polycomb protein complexes achieve this remain enigmatic. Here, we use combinatorial genetic perturbation coupled with quantitative genomics to discover the central determinants of Polycomb-mediated gene repression in mouse embryonic stem cells. We demonstrate that canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), which mediates higher-order chromatin structures, contributes little to gene repression. Instead, we uncover an unexpectedly high degree of synergy between variant PRC1 complexes, which is fundamental to gene repression. We further demonstrate that variant PRC1 complexes are responsible for distinct pools of H2A monoubiquitylation that are associated with repression of Polycomb target genes and silencing during X chromosome inactivation. Together, these discoveries reveal a new variant PRC1-dependent logic for Polycomb-mediated gene repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda A Fursova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Neil P Blackledge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Manabu Nakayama
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ito
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Anca M Farcas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Hamish W King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japanese Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Robert J Klose
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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RPSAP52 lncRNA is overexpressed in pituitary tumors and promotes cell proliferation by acting as miRNA sponge for HMGA proteins. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1019-1032. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of CBX4 and CBX7 Decrease the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6436825. [PMID: 31211140 PMCID: PMC6532305 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6436825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The chromobox (CBX) proteins CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, and CBX8, also known as Polycomb (Pc) proteins, are canonical components of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Abundant evidence indicates that abnormal expression of Pc proteins is associated with a variety of tumors, but their role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we performed a case-control study to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CBX genes and HCC. Methods Nine SNPs on CBX genes (rs7217395, rs2036316 of CBX2; rs3764374, rs1285251, rs2289728 of CBX4; rs7292074 of CBX6; and rs710190, rs139394, rs5750753 of CBX7) were screened and genotyped using MassARRAY technology in 334 HCC cases and 321 controls. The association between SNPs and their corresponding gene expressions was analyzed through bioinformatics methods using the Ensembl database and Blood eQTL browser online tools. Results The results indicated that rs2289728 (G>A) of CBX4 (P = 0.03, OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33-0.94) and rs139394 (C>A) of CBX7 (P = 0.02, OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.90) decreased the risk of HCC. Interaction between rs2036316 and HBsAg increased the risk of HCC (P = 0.02, OR = 6.88, 95% CI: 5.20-9.11), whereas SNP-SNP interaction between rs710190 and rs139394 reduced the risk of HCC (P = 0.03, OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12-0.91). Gene expression analyses showed that the rs2289728 A allele and the rs139394 A allele significantly reduced CBX4 and CBX7 expression, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that CBX4 rs2289728 and CBX7 rs139394 are protective SNPs against HCC. The two SNPs may reduce the risk of HCC while suppressing the expression of CBX4 and CBX7.
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Zhu X, Qin M, Li C, Zeng W, Bei C, Tan C, Zhang Y, Shi W, Kong J, Fu Y, Tan S. Downregulated Expression of Chromobox Homolog 7 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:348-352. [PMID: 30990338 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As an essential member of the Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7) is found deregulated in some human cancers, and is thought to be a contributing factor in carcinogenesis. However, the expression and role of CBX7 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still not well characterized. Materials and Methods: The levels of the CBX7 protein were quantified in 75 paired HCC and adjacent nontumor tissues by immunohistochemistry; comparisons were made using McNemar's chi-square test. The Kaplan-Meier estimate was used for survival analysis. Results: We found that the expression of CBX7 in HCC tissues was significantly lower than that of adjacent nontumor tissues. In addition, decreased CBX7 expression levels were correlated with liver cirrhosis in HCC patients. Furthermore, the survival times of HCC patients who were CBX7-expression-negative were shorter than HCC patients who were CBX7-expression-positive. Conclusion: Our results show that downregulation of CBX7 is related to HCC progression and a poor prognosis in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonian Zhu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Mingqun Qin
- 2 Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Cong Li
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zeng
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Bei
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Chao Tan
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiang Shi
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Juan Kong
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Shengkui Tan
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P.R. China
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Federico A, Sepe R, Cozzolino F, Piccolo C, Iannone C, Iacobucci I, Pucci P, Monti M, Fusco A. The complex CBX7-PRMT1 has a critical role in regulating E-cadherin gene expression and cell migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:509-521. [PMID: 30826432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Chromobox protein homolog 7 (CBX7) belongs to the Polycomb Group (PcG) family, and, as part of the Polycomb repressive complex (PRC1), contributes to maintain transcriptional gene repression. Loss of CBX7 expression has been reported in several human malignant neoplasias, where it often correlates with an advanced cancer state and poor survival, proposing CBX7 as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene in cancer progression. Indeed, CBX7 is able to positively or negatively regulate the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and cancer progression, such as E-cadherin, cyclin E, osteopontin, EGR1. To understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie the involvement of CBX7 in cancer progression, we designed a functional proteomic experiment based on CHIP-MS to identify novel CBX7 protein partners. Among the identified CBX7-interacting proteins we focused our attention on the Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) whose critical role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer cell migration and invasion has been already reported. We confirmed the interaction between CBX7 and PRMT1 and demonstrated that this interaction is crucial for PRMT1 enzymatic activity both in vitro and in vivo and for the regulation of E-cadherin expression, an important hallmark of EMT. These results suggest a general mechanism by which CBX7 interacting with histone modification enzymes like HDAC2 and PRMT1 enhances E-cadherin expression. Therefore, disruption of this equilibrium may induce impairment of E-cadherin expression and increased cell migration eventually leading to EMT and, then, cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Federico
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Romina Sepe
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" and CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Piccolo
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Iannone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" and CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" and CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Piero Pucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" and CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" and CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Loubiere V, Martinez AM, Cavalli G. Cell Fate and Developmental Regulation Dynamics by Polycomb Proteins and 3D Genome Architecture. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800222. [PMID: 30793782 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeted transitions in chromatin states at thousands of genes are essential drivers of eukaryotic development. Therefore, understanding the in vivo dynamics of epigenetic regulators is crucial for deciphering the mechanisms underpinning cell fate decisions. This review illustrates how, in addition to its cell memory function, the Polycomb group of transcriptional regulators orchestrates temporal, cell and tissue-specific expression of master genes during development. These highly sophisticated developmental transitions are dependent on the context- and tissue-specific assembly of the different types of Polycomb Group (PcG) complexes, which regulates their targeting and/or activities on chromatin. Here, an overview is provided of how PcG complexes function at multiple scales to regulate transcription, local chromatin environment, and higher order structures that support normal differentiation and are perturbed in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Loubiere
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, 34396, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Marie Martinez
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, 34396, Montpellier, France
| | - Giacomo Cavalli
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, 34396, Montpellier, France
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