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Clark AT, Russo-Savage L, Ashton LA, Haghshenas N, Schulman IG. A Novel Mutation in LXRα Uncovers a Role for Cholesterol Sensing in Limiting Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593869. [PMID: 38798597 PMCID: PMC11118525 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Liver x receptor alpha (LXRα, Nr1h3) functions as an important intracellular cholesterol sensor that regulates fat and cholesterol metabolism at the transcriptional level in response to the direct binding of cholesterol derivatives. We have generated mice with a mutation in LXRα that reduces activity in response to endogenous cholesterol derived LXR ligands while still allowing transcriptional activation by synthetic agonists. The mutant LXRα functions as a dominant negative that shuts down cholesterol sensing. When fed a high fat, high cholesterol diet LXRα mutant mice rapidly develop pathologies associated with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) including ballooning hepatocytes, liver inflammation, and fibrosis. Strikingly LXRα mutant mice have decreased liver triglycerides but increased liver cholesterol. Therefore, MASH-like phenotypes can arise in the absence of large increases in triglycerides. Reengaging LXR signaling by treatment with synthetic agonist reverses MASH suggesting that LXRα normally functions to impede the development of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis T. Clark
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Lillian Russo-Savage
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- These authors contributed equally to the work
- Current address: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Luke A. Ashton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Niki Haghshenas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ira G. Schulman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Nishida T, Ayaori M, Arakawa J, Suenaga Y, Shiotani K, Uto-Kondo H, Komatsu T, Nakaya K, Endo Y, Sasaki M, Ikewaki K. Liver-specific Lxr inhibition represses reverse cholesterol transport in cholesterol-fed mice. Atherosclerosis 2024:117578. [PMID: 38797615 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High density lipoprotein (HDL) exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effect via reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Several phases of RCT are transcriptionally controlled by Liver X receptors (Lxrs). Although macrophage Lxrs reportedly promote RCT, it is still uncertain whether hepatic Lxrs affect RCT in vivo. METHODS To inhibit Lxr-dependent pathways in mouse livers, we performed hepatic overexpression of sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1 (Sult2b1) using adenoviral vector (Ad-Sult2b1). Ad-Sult2b1 or the control virus was intravenously injected into wild type mice and Lxrα/β double knockout mice, under a normal or high-cholesterol diet. A macrophage RCT assay and an HDL kinetic study were performed. RESULTS Hepatic Sult2b1 overexpression resulted in reduced expression of Lxr-target genes - ATP-binding cassette transporter G5/G8, cholesterol 7α hydroxylase and Lxrα itself - respectively reducing or increasing cholesterol levels in HDL and apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (apoB-L). A macrophage RCT assay revealed that Sult2b1 overexpression inhibited fecal excretion of macrophage-derived 3H-cholesterol only under a high-cholesterol diet. In an HDL kinetic study, Ad-Sult2b1 promoted catabolism/hepatic uptake of HDL-derived cholesterol, thereby reducing fecal excretion. Finally, in Lxrα/β double knockout mice, hepatic Sult2b1 overexpression increased apoB-L levels, but there were no differences in HDL levels or RCT compared to the control, indicating that Sult2b1-mediated effects on HDL/RCT and apoB-L were distinct: the former was Lxr-dependent, but not the latter. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic Lxr inhibition negatively regulates circulating HDL levels and RCT by reducing Lxr-target gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Nishida
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
| | - Makoto Ayaori
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan; Tokorozawa Heart Center, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Junko Arakawa
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Suenaga
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kazusa Shiotani
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Harumi Uto-Kondo
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Komatsu
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakaya
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Endo
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ikewaki
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Tsai MC, Cho RL, Lin CS, Jheng YS, Lien CF, Chen CC, Tzeng BH. Ca v3.1 T-type calcium channel blocker NNC 55-0396 reduces atherosclerosis by increasing cholesterol efflux. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116096. [PMID: 38423188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are commonly used as antihypertensive agents. While certain L-type CCBs exhibit antiatherogenic effects, the impact of Cav3.1 T-type CCBs on antiatherogenesis and lipid metabolism remains unexplored. NNC 55-0396 (NNC) is a highly selective blocker of T-type calcium channels (Cav3.1 channels). We investigated the effects of NNC on relevant molecules and molecular mechanisms in human THP-1 macrophages. Cholesterol efflux, an indicator of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) efficiency, was assessed using [3H]-labeled cholesterol. In vivo, high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) mice, an atherosclerosis-prone model, underwent histochemical staining to analyze plaque burden. Treatment of THP-1 macrophages with NNC facilitated cholesterol efflux and reduced intracellular cholesterol accumulation. Pharmacological and genetic interventions demonstrated that NNC treatment or Cav3.1 knockdown significantly enhanced the protein expression of scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) transcription factor. Mechanistic analysis revealed that NNC activates p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, leading to increased expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and LXRα-without involving the microRNA pathway. LXRα isrequired for NNC-induced ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression. Administering NNC diminished atherosclerotic lesion area and lipid deposition in HCD-fed Ldlr-/- mice. NNC's anti-atherosclerotic effects, achieved through enhanced cholesterol efflux and inhibition of lipid accumulation, suggest a promising therapeutic approach for hypertensive patients with atherosclerosis. This research highlights the potential of Cav3.1 T-type CCBs in addressing cardiovascular complications associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Ling Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sin Jheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Lien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hsiean Tzeng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei 220, Taiwan.
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Fang Y, She J, Zhang X, Gu T, Xie D, Luo X, Yi X, Gao C, Liu Y, Zhang C, Tang L, Zhou X. Discovery of Anti-Hypercholesterolemia Agents Targeting LXRα from Marine Microorganism-Derived Natural Products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:322-331. [PMID: 38334086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A strategy integrating in silico molecular docking with LXRα and phenotypic assays was adopted to discover anti-hypercholesterolemia agents in a small library containing 205 marine microorganism-derived natural products, collected by our group in recent years. Two fumitremorgin derivatives, 12R,13S-dihydroxyfumitremorgin C (1) and tryprostatin A (3), were identified as potential LXRα agonists, by real-time qPCR and Western blot (WB) analysis, together with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. The anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of 1 and 3, together with their mechanisms, were investigated in depth using different cell and mouse models, among which the study of LXRα is of crucial importance. Compound 1 or 3 exhibited the capacity to effectively reverse excessive lipid accumulation in a hepatic steatosis cell model and significantly reduce liver damage and blood cholesterol levels in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed wild-type mice, whereas those beneficial effects were completely nullified in HCD-fed LXRα-knockout mice. Furthermore, 1 and 3 outperformed common LXRα agonists by suppressing the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) in HCD-fed mice, mitigating lipotoxicity. Thus, this study highlights the discovery of two marine microorganism-derived anti-hypercholesterolemia agents targeting LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Fang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianglian She
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tanwei Gu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Danni Xie
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaowei Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xiangxi Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Chenghai Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Cuixian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lan Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Fan C, Ling-Hu A, Sun D, Gao W, Zhang C, Duan X, Li H, Tian W, Yu Q, Ke Z. Nobiletin Ameliorates Hepatic Lipid Deposition, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation by Mechanisms That Involve the Nrf2/NF-κB Axis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20105-20117. [PMID: 38073108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB), a flavonoid with significant antioxidant potential, holds promise for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this work, we aim to assess the effects and investigate the molecular mechanisms of NOB on NAFLD. After using a methionine choline-deficient diet to induce C57BL/6J mice, as well as oleic acid to induce HepG2 and L02 cells, we administered NOB as an intervention. The results indicated that the NOB significantly ameliorated lipid deposition, oxidative stress, and inflammation in NAFLD in both models. Its mechanism may involve the Nrf2, SREBP-1c, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, Nrf2 is not only a direct target for NOB to improve oxidative damage but also indirectly involved in lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory processes in NAFLD. By inhibiting Nrf2, we found that the regulatory role of Nrf2 in lipid metabolism is not related to SREBP-1c but is closely associated with NF-κB in terms of inflammation. Our results suggest that Nrf2 is one of the most critical targets for NOB against NAFLD in multiple aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Fan
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Anli Ling-Hu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Dali Sun
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Weiman Gao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Chenfang Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xueqing Duan
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Weiyi Tian
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Zunli Ke
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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Han W, Zhang D, Zhang P, Tao Q, Du X, Yu C, Dong P, Zhu Y. Danlou Recipe promotes cholesterol efflux in macrophages RAW264.7 and reverses cholesterol transport in mice with hyperlipidemia induced by P407. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:445. [PMID: 38066464 PMCID: PMC10704726 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver X Receptor (LXR) agonists could attenuate the development of atherosclerosis but bring excess lipid accumulation in the liver. Danlou Recipe was believed to be a benefit for improving the lipid profile. Thus, it is unclear whether Danlou Recipe could attenuate hyperlipidemia without excess lipid accumulated in the liver of mice. This study aimed to clarify if Danlou Recipe could alleviate the progression of hyperlipidemia in mice without extra lipids accumulated in the liver. METHODS Male murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages were used for the in vitro experiments. Cellular cholesterol efflux was determined using the fluorescent cholesterol labeling method. Those genes involved in lipid metabolism were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blotting respectively. In vivo, a mouse model of hyperlipidemia induced by P407 was used to figure out the effect of Danlou Recipe on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and hyperlipidemia. Ethanol extract of Danlou tablet (EEDL) was prepared by extracting the whole powder of Danlou Prescription from ethanol, and the chemical composition was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). RESULTS EEDL inhibits the formation of RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells, and promotes ABCA1/apoA1 conducted cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 macrophages and mouse peritoneal macrophages. In the P407-induced hyperlipidemia mouse model, oral administration of EEDL can promote RCT in vivo and improve fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet. Consistent with the findings in vitro, EEDL promotes RCT by upregulating the LXR activities. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that EEDL has the potential for targeting RCT/LXR in the treatment of lipid metabolism disorders to be developed as a safe and effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qianqian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Chunquan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Pengzhi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Liu N, Tian J, Steer CJ, Han Q, Song G. MicroRNA-206-3p suppresses hepatic lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis while driving cholesterol efflux. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00643. [PMID: 37943861 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatosteatosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia are interconnected metabolic disorders. This study is designed to characterize how microRNA-206-3p (miR-206) simultaneously prevents de novo lipogenesis (DNL), cholesterol synthesis, and VLDL production in hepatocytes while promoting cholesterol efflux in macrophages. APPROACH AND RESULTS MiR-206 levels were reduced in hepatocytes and macrophages of mice subjected to a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. A negative feedback between LXRα (liver X receptor alpha) and miR-206 is formed to maintain high LXRα and low miR-206 in hepatocytes. Systemic administration of miR-206 alleviated hepatosteatosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia in mice. A significant reduction in LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol but unaltered HDL cholesterol was observed in miR-206-treated mice. Mirroring these findings, miR-206 reprogrammed the transcriptome of hepatocytes towards the inhibition of DNL, cholesterol synthesis, and assembly and secretion of VLDL. In macrophages, miR-206 activated the expression of genes regulating cholesterol efflux. Hepatocyte-specific expression of miR-206 reduced hepatic and circulating triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as VLDL production, while transplantation of macrophages bearing miR-206 facilitated cholesterol efflux. Mechanistically, miR-206 directly targeted Lxrα and Hmgcr in hepatocytes but facilitated expression of Lxrα in macrophages by targeting macrophage-specific tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome 1 (TRPS1), a transcription repressor of Lxrα . By targeting Hmgc r and Lxrα , miR-206 inhibited DNL, VLDL production, and cholesterol synthesis in hepatocytes, whereas it drove cholesterol efflux by activating the TRPS1-LXRα axis. CONCLUSIONS MiR-206, through differentially modulating LXRα signaling in hepatocytes and macrophages, inhibits DNL, promotes cholesterol efflux, and concurrently hinders cholesterol synthesis and VLDL production. MiR-206 simulates the functions of lipid-lowering medications, statins, and LXRα agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Qinghua Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Guisheng Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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8
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Zhou E, Ge X, Nakashima H, Li R, van der Zande HJP, Liu C, Li Z, Müller C, Bracher F, Mohammed Y, de Boer JF, Kuipers F, Guigas B, Glass CK, Rensen PCN, Giera M, Wang Y. Inhibition of DHCR24 activates LXRα to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16845. [PMID: 37357756 PMCID: PMC10405065 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) agonism has theoretical potential for treating NAFLD/NASH, but synthetic agonists induce hyperlipidemia in preclinical models. Desmosterol, which is converted by Δ24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) into cholesterol, is a potent endogenous LXR agonist with anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate the effects of DHCR24 inhibition on NAFLD/NASH development. Here, by using APOE*3-Leiden. CETP mice, a well-established translational model that develops diet-induced human-like NAFLD/NASH characteristics, we report that SH42, a published DHCR24 inhibitor, markedly increases desmosterol levels in liver and plasma, reduces hepatic lipid content and the steatosis score, and decreases plasma fatty acid and cholesteryl ester concentrations. Flow cytometry showed that SH42 decreases liver inflammation by preventing Kupffer cell activation and monocyte infiltration. LXRα deficiency completely abolishes these beneficial effects of SH42. Together, the inhibition of DHCR24 by SH42 prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a strictly LXRα-dependent manner without causing hyperlipidemia. Finally, we also showed that SH42 treatment decreased liver collagen content and plasma alanine transaminase levels in an established NAFLD model. In conclusion, we anticipate that pharmacological DHCR24 inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enchen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Xiaoke Ge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rumei Li
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Cong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- The Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Med‐X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Martin Giera
- The Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Med‐X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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Jamuna S, Ashokkumar R, Raja IS, Devaraj SN. Anti-Atherogenic Protection by Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins via Regulating Collagen Crosslinking Against CC Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:4881-4892. [PMID: 37097399 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of collagen and its turnover remained as critical determinants for the progression of atherosclerosis. During this condition, proteases secreted by SMCs and foam cells in the necrotic core degrade collagen. Growing evidences demonstrated that consumption of antioxidant rich diet is highly associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) have been proved to possess promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activity, based on our previous studies. The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of OPC isolated from Crataegus oxyacantha berries as a natural collagen crosslinker and anti-atherogenic agent. Spectral studies like FTIR, ultraviolet and circular dichroism analysis confirmed the in vitro crosslinking ability of OPC with rat tail collagen when compared to the standard epigallocatechin gallate. The administration of cholesterol:cholic acid (CC) diet induces proteases-mediated collagen degradation that could result in plaque instability. Further, the CC diet fed rats showed significantly increased levels of total cholesterol and triacylglycerols which, in turn, increases the activities of collagen degrading proteases-MMPs (MMP 1, 2 and 9) and Cathepsin S and D. Upon OPC treatment, marked reduction in the lipid content, activation of proteases with concomitant increase in the mRNA levels of collagen Type I and Type III as similar to atorvastatin treatment were observed .Thus, OPC supplementation may contribute to the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque instability by acting as a natural crosslinker of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Jamuna
- Affyclone Laboratories Pvt Ltd., 600044, Chrompet, Chennai, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, 600025, Chennai, India
| | - Rathinavel Ashokkumar
- Affyclone Laboratories Pvt Ltd., 600044, Chrompet, Chennai, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, 600025, Chennai, India
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10
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Choudhary M, Malek G. Potential therapeutic targets for age-related macular degeneration: The nuclear option. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 94:101130. [PMID: 36220751 PMCID: PMC10082136 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The functions and activities of nuclear receptors, the largest family of transcription factors in the human genome, have classically focused on their ability to act as steroid and hormone sensors in endocrine organs. However, they are responsible for a diverse array of physiological functions, including cellular homeostasis and metabolism, during development and aging. Though the eye is not a traditional endocrine organ, recent studies have revealed high expression levels of nuclear receptors in cells throughout the posterior pole. These findings have precipitated an interest in investigating the role of these transcription factors in the eye as a function of age and ocular disease, in particular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). As the leading cause of vision impairment in the elderly, identifying signaling pathways that may be targeted for AMD therapy is of great importance, given the lack of therapeutic options for over 85% of patients with this disease. Herein we review this relatively new field and recent findings supporting the hypothesis that the eye is a secondary endocrine organ, in which nuclear receptors serve as the bedrock for biological processes in cells vulnerable in AMD, including retinal pigment epithelial and choroidal endothelial cells, and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting these receptors for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Choudhary
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Goldis Malek
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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11
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Kim H, Park C, Kim TH. Targeting Liver X Receptors for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091292. [PMID: 37174692 PMCID: PMC10177243 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a range of conditions in which excess lipids accumulate in the liver, possibly leading to serious hepatic manifestations such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis/cirrhosis and cancer. Despite its increasing prevalence and significant impact on liver disease-associated mortality worldwide, no medication has been approved for the treatment of NAFLD yet. Liver X receptors α/β (LXRα and LXRβ) are lipid-activated nuclear receptors that serve as master regulators of lipid homeostasis and play pivotal roles in controlling various metabolic processes, including lipid metabolism, inflammation and immune response. Of note, NAFLD progression is characterized by increased accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction and augmented inflammation, all of which are highly attributed to dysregulated LXR signaling. Thus, targeting LXRs may provide promising strategies for the treatment of NAFLD. However, emerging evidence has revealed that modulating the activity of LXRs has various metabolic consequences, as the main functions of LXRs can distinctively vary in a cell type-dependent manner. Therefore, understanding how LXRs in the liver integrate various signaling pathways and regulate metabolic homeostasis from a cellular perspective using recent advances in research may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for NAFLD and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Muscle Physiome Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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12
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Liver X Receptor Agonist Inhibits Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Induced Choroidal Neovascularization via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041674. [PMID: 36836210 PMCID: PMC9964355 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common blindness-causing disease among the elderly. Under oxidative stress, low-density lipoprotein in the outer layer of the retina is easily converted into oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), which promotes the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), the main pathological change in wet AMD. Liver X receptor (LXR), a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor, regulates various processes related to CNV, including lipid metabolism, cholesterol transport, inflammation, and angiogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the LXR agonist TO901317 (TO) on CNV. Our results demonstrated that the TO could inhibit OxLDL-induced CNV in mice as well as inflammation and angiogenesis in vitro. Using siRNA transfection in cells and Vldlr-/- mice, we further confirmed the inhibitory effects of TO against the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, the LXR agonist reduces the inflammatory response via the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in the pathway for NF-κB activation and by enhancing ABCG1-dependent lipid transportation. Therefore, an LXR agonist is a promising therapeutic candidate for AMD, especially for wet AMD.
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13
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Emerging Role of Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Liver Metabolism: Implications for Diabetes and NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032142. [PMID: 36768465 PMCID: PMC9916810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked b-N-acetyl-glucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins, and is established by modifying the serine or threonine residues of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins. O-GlcNAc signaling is considered a critical nutrient sensor, and affects numerous proteins involved in cellular metabolic processes. O-GlcNAcylation modulates protein functions in different patterns, including protein stabilization, enzymatic activity, transcriptional activity, and protein interactions. Disrupted O-GlcNAcylation is associated with an abnormal metabolic state, and may result in metabolic disorders. As the liver is the center of nutrient metabolism, this review provides a brief description of the features of the O-GlcNAc signaling pathway, and summarizes the regulatory functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation in liver metabolism. Finally, this review highlights the role of O-GlcNAcylation in liver-associated diseases, such as diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hope this review not only benefits the understanding of O-GlcNAc biology, but also provides new insights for treatments against liver-associated metabolic disorders.
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14
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Lee SM, Muratalla J, Karimi S, Diaz-Ruiz A, Frutos MD, Guzman G, Ramos-Molina B, Cordoba-Chacon J. Hepatocyte PPARγ contributes to the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in male and female obese mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:39. [PMID: 36629912 PMCID: PMC10082675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with obesity and increased expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). However, the relevance of hepatocyte PPARγ in NASH associated with obesity is still poorly understood. In this study, hepatocyte PPARγ was knocked out (PpargΔHep) in male and female mice after the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity. The diet-induced obese mice were then maintained on their original diet or switched to a high fat, cholesterol, and fructose (HFCF) diet to induce NASH. Hepatic PPARγ expression was mostly derived from hepatocytes and increased by high fat diets. PpargΔHep reduced HFCF-induced NASH progression without altering steatosis, reduced the expression of key genes involved in hepatic fibrosis in HFCF-fed male and female mice, and decreased the area of collagen-stained fibrosis in the liver of HFCF-fed male mice. Moreover, transcriptomic and metabolomic data suggested that HFCF-diet regulated hepatic amino acid metabolism in a hepatocyte PPARγ-dependent manner. PpargΔHep increased betaine-homocysteine s-methyltransferase expression and reduced homocysteine levels in HFCF-fed male mice. In addition, in a cohort of 102 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery with liver biopsies, 16 cases were scored with NASH and were associated with increased insulin resistance and hepatic PPARγ expression. Our study shows that hepatocyte PPARγ expression is associated with NASH in mice and humans. In male mice, hepatocyte PPARγ negatively regulates methionine metabolism and contributes to the progression of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave (North Entrance) Suite E625, M/C 640, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Muratalla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave (North Entrance) Suite E625, M/C 640, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saman Karimi
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Maria Dolores Frutos
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave (North Entrance) Suite E625, M/C 640, Chicago, IL, USA.
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15
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The interaction between polyphyllin I and SQLE protein induces hepatotoxicity through SREBP-2/HMGCR/SQLE/LSS pathway. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:39-54. [PMID: 36820075 PMCID: PMC9937801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphyllin I (PPI) and polyphyllin II (PII) are the main active substances in the Paris polyphylla. However, liver toxicity of these compounds has impeded their clinical application and the potential hepatotoxicity mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this work, we found that PPI and PII exposure could induce significant hepatotoxicity in human liver cell line L-02 and zebrafish in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the proteomic analysis in L-02 cells and transcriptome in zebrafish indicated that the hepatotoxicity of PPI and PII was associated with the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway disorders, which were alleviated by the cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor lovastatin. Additionally, 3-hydroxy-3-methy-lglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) and squalene epoxidase (SQLE), the two rate-limiting enzymes in the cholesterol synthesis, selected as the potential targets, were confirmed by the molecular docking, the overexpression, and knockdown of HMGCR or SQLE with siRNA. Finally, the pull-down and surface plasmon resonance technology revealed that PPI could directly bind with SQLE but not with HMGCR. Collectively, these data demonstrated that PPI-induced hepatotoxicity resulted from the direct binding with SQLE protein and impaired the sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2/HMGCR/SQLE/lanosterol synthase pathways, thus disturbing the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. The findings of this research can contribute to a better understanding of the key role of SQLE as a potential target in drug-induced hepatotoxicity and provide a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of drug toxic effects with similar structures in the future.
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16
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Ma S, Pang X, Tian S, Sun J, Hu Q, Li X, Lu Y. The protective effects of sulforaphane on high-fat diet-induced metabolic associated fatty liver disease in mice via mediating the FXR/LXRα pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:12966-12982. [PMID: 36448414 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02341e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is becoming the key factor in causing chronic liver disease all over the world. Sulforaphane (SFN) has been proven to be effective in alleviating many metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce MAFLD and given SFN (10 mg per kg bw) daily. Our results showed that SFN not only improved the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver cells but also ameliorated liver and serum inflammatory and antioxidant levels. In addition, SFN can regulate bile-acid metabolism and fatty-acid synthesis by affecting their farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) signaling pathway, ultimately alleviating MAFLD. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism by which SFN alleviates hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaotong Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shuhua Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qiaobin Hu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Xiangfei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
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17
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Savla SR, Prabhavalkar KS, Bhatt LK. Liver X Receptor: a potential target in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:645-658. [PMID: 36003057 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2117610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver X receptors (LXRs) are master regulators of atherogenesis. Their anti-atherogenic potential has been attributed to their role in the inhibition of macrophage-mediated inflammation and promotion of reverse cholesterol transport. Owing to the significance of their anti-atherogenic potential, it is essential to develop and test new generation LXR agonists, both synthetic and natural, to identify potential LXR-targeted therapeutics for the future. AREAS COVERED This review describes the role of LXRs in atherosclerotic development, provides a summary of LXR agonists and future directions for atherosclerosis research. We searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar for relevant reports, from last 10 years, using atherosclerosis, liver X receptor, and LXR agonist as keywords. EXPERT OPINION LXRα has gained widespread recognition as a regulator of cholesterol homeostasis and expression of inflammatory genes. Further research using models of cell type-specific knockout and specific agonist-targeted LXR isoforms is warranted. Enthusiasm for therapeutic value of LXR agonists has been tempered due to LXRα-mediated induction of hepatic lipogenesis. LXRα agonism and LXRβ targeting, gut-specific inverse LXR agonists, investigations combining LXR agonists with other lipogenesis mitigating agents, like IDOL antagonists and synthetic HDL, and targeting ABCA1, M2 macrophages and LXRα phosphorylation, remain as promising possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya R Savla
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Kedar S Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Lokesh K Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India
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18
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Inhibition of ASGR1 decreases lipid levels by promoting cholesterol excretion. Nature 2022; 608:413-420. [PMID: 35922515 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease1. Currently, no drug lowers cholesterol through directly promoting cholesterol excretion. Human genetic studies have identified that the loss-of-function Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) variants associate with low cholesterol and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease2. ASGR1 is exclusively expressed in liver and mediates internalization and lysosomal degradation of blood asialoglycoproteins3. The mechanism by which ASGR1 affects cholesterol metabolism is unknown. Here, we find that Asgr1 deficiency decreases lipid levels in serum and liver by stabilizing LXRα. LXRα upregulates ABCA1 and ABCG5/G8, which promotes cholesterol transport to high-density lipoprotein and excretion to bile and faeces4, respectively. ASGR1 deficiency blocks endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins, reduces amino-acid levels in lysosomes, and thereby inhibits mTORC1 and activates AMPK. On one hand, AMPK increases LXRα by decreasing its ubiquitin ligases BRCA1/BARD1. On the other hand, AMPK suppresses SREBP1 that controls lipogenesis. Anti-ASGR1 neutralizing antibody lowers lipid levels by increasing cholesterol excretion, and shows synergistic beneficial effects with atorvastatin or ezetimibe, two widely used hypocholesterolaemic drugs. In summary, this study demonstrates that targeting ASGR1 upregulates LXRα, ABCA1 and ABCG5/G8, inhibits SREBP1 and lipogenesis, and therefore promotes cholesterol excretion and decreases lipid levels.
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19
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Rader DJ. Targeting ASGR1 to lower cholesterol. Nat Metab 2022; 4:967-969. [PMID: 35927356 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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20
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Sahin K, Orhan C, Kucuk O, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Ozercan IH, Sylla S, Ojalvo SP, Komorowski JR. Effects of magnesium picolinate, zinc picolinate, and selenomethionine co-supplementation on reproductive hormones, and glucose and lipid metabolism-related protein expressions in male rats fed a high-fat diet. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100081. [PMID: 35415682 PMCID: PMC8991512 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impacts of the magnesium picolinate (MgPic), zinc picolinate (ZnPic), and selenomethionine (SeMet) alone or as a combination on blood metabolites, oxidative enzymes, reproductive hormones, and glucose and lipid metabolism-related protein expressions in Wistar rats fed a high-fed diet (HFD). The rats were fed either a control, HFD, or HFD supplemented with a single (MgPic, ZnPic, SeMet) or two or three organic mineral combinations. Body weights, visceral fat, serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as liver sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels increased, while serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) concentrations along with liver nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels declined in HFD rats (P < 0.05). Supplementing each organic mineral, but particularly the combination of HFD + MgPic + ZnPic + SeMet reversed the responses with various degrees. None of the organic elements alone or as a combination of two exerted a prominent effect on parameters measured. Although not additive or synergistic, the combination of all organic minerals added to HFD (HFD + MgPic + ZnPic + SeMet) provided the greatest responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Osman Kucuk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim H Ozercan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sarah Sylla
- Research and Development, Nutrition 21, Harrison, NY 10577, USA
| | - Sara P Ojalvo
- Research and Development, Nutrition 21, Harrison, NY 10577, USA
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21
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Ducheix S, Piccinin E, Peres C, Garcia-Irigoyen O, Bertrand-Michel J, Fouache A, Cariello M, Lobaccaro JM, Guillou H, Sabbà C, Ntambi JM, Moschetta A. Reduction in gut-derived MUFAs via intestinal stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deletion drives susceptibility to NAFLD and hepatocarcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2937-2949. [PMID: 35903850 PMCID: PMC9512486 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by a set of hepatic conditions ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation and fibrosis, eventually predisposing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Together with fatty acids (FAs) originated from adipose lipolysis and hepatic lipogenesis, intestinal‐derived FAs are major contributors of steatosis. However, the role of mono‐unsaturated FAs (MUFAs) in NAFLD development is still debated. We previously established the intestinal capacity to produce MUFAs, but its consequences in hepatic functions are still unknown. Here, we aimed to determine the role of the intestinal MUFA‐synthetizing enzyme stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in NAFLD. We used intestinal‐specific Scd1‐KO (iScd1−/−) mice and studied hepatic dysfunction in different models of steatosis, NASH, and HCC. Intestinal‐specific Scd1 deletion decreased hepatic MUFA proportion. Compared with controls, iScd1−/− mice displayed increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation and derangement in cholesterol homeostasis when fed a MUFA‐deprived diet. Then, on Western diet feeding, iScd1−/− mice triggered inflammation and fibrosis compared with their wild‐type littermates. Finally, intestinal‐Scd1 deletion predisposed mice to liver cancer. Conclusions: Collectively, these results highlight the major importance of intestinal MUFA metabolism in maintaining hepatic functions and show that gut‐derived MUFAs are protective from NASH and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducheix
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neurosciences, and Sense organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Peres
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France.,I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Allan Fouache
- INSERM U 1103, CNRS, UMR 6293, Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Lobaccaro
- INSERM U 1103, CNRS, UMR 6293, Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Integrative Toxicology and Metabolism Team, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
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22
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Hasson TS, Said E, Helal MG. Nifuroxazide modulates hepatic expression of LXRs/SR-BI/CES1/CYP7A1 and LDL-R and attenuates experimentally-induced hypercholesterolemia and the associated cardiovascular complications. Life Sci 2022; 306:120790. [PMID: 35817168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a serious disorders affecting the metabolism of fats in the human body, and it is usually associated with some serious cardiovascular complications increasing the risk for sudden death. Nifuroxazide (NFR) is an oral nitrofuran antibiotic that has long been used for management of diarrhea and recently various recent out merging valuable therapeutic impacts were reported. The current study sought the concept of repositioning nifuroxazide in management of hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia was induced in male rabbits using cholesterol enriched diet for 9 weeks and starting from the beginning of 5th week; NFR (100 and 300 mg/kg) were administered once daily for the further 5 weeks; till the end of the 9th week of the experiment. NFR significantly recovered balanced lipid profile as serum cholesterol, total glycerides, LDL significantly declined with significant elevation in serum HDL. Meanwhile, serum LDH, CK, ALT and AST activities were significantly corrected. These biochemical changes were correlated with significant improvement in the histopathological examination of hepatic, cardiac and aortic specimen with decreased expression of CD68 and Ki67 in the myocardium and the aorta implying retraction in macrophages' infiltration and tissue regeneration. Myocardial specimen confirmed significant recovery with preservation of cardiac muscle fibers. Aortic specimen confirmed retraction in the aortic thickness and fewer deposition of fat globules. In conclusion, NFR attenuated experimentally-induced hyperlipidemia with significant recovery of serum profile and tissue necrotic changes. The histopathological examination of hepatic, myocardial and aortic specimen confirmed the onset of tissues' recovery alongside biochemical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Shaker Hasson
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Said
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Manar Gamal Helal
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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23
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Chen J, Wang D, Yu Y, Qiu P, Wang Q, Zhao W, Li Z, Lei T. Ch25h and 25-HC prevent liver steatosis through regulation of cholesterol metabolism and inflammation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:504-513. [PMID: 35462473 PMCID: PMC9828056 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most prevalent metabolic disorder all over the world, and lipid metabolic disorders and inflammation are closely associated and contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) and its product, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), play important roles in cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation, but whether Ch25h and 25-HC are involved in NAFLD remains uncertain. In this study, we use Ch25h knockout mice, hepatic cells and liver biopsies to explore the role of Ch25h and 25-HC in lipid metabolism and accumulation in liver, determine the molecular mechanism of lipid accumulation and inflammation influenced by Ch25h and 25-HC, and assess the regulatory effects of Ch25h and 25-HC on human NAFLD. Our results indicate that mice lacking Ch25h have normal cholesterol homeostasis with normal diet, but under the condition of high fat diet (HFD), the mice show higher total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, and prone to hepatic steatosis. Ch25h deficiency reduces the cholesterol efflux regulated by liver X receptor α (LXRα), increases the synthesis of cholesterol mediated by sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), and increases the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, therefore promotes hepatic steatosis. Collectively, our data suggest that Ch25h and 25-HC play important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation, thereby exerting anti-NAFLD functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wang
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China,Xi’an Blood CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an 710061Chinaand
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China,Department of PathologyShannxi Provincial People’s HospitalXi’an710068China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Pei Qiu
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Wenbao Zhao
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Zhao Li
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an 710061Chinaand
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China,Correspondence author. Tel: +86-29-82655189. E-mail:
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24
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Personnaz J, Piccolo E, Dortignac A, Iacovoni JS, Mariette J, Rocher V, Polizzi A, Batut A, Deleruyelle S, Bourdens L, Delos O, Combes-Soia L, Paccoud R, Moreau E, Martins F, Clouaire T, Benhamed F, Montagner A, Wahli W, Schwabe RF, Yart A, Castan-Laurell I, Bertrand-Michel J, Burlet-Schiltz O, Postic C, Denechaud PD, Moro C, Legube G, Lee CH, Guillou H, Valet P, Dray C, Pradère JP. Nuclear HMGB1 protects from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through negative regulation of liver X receptor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabg9055. [PMID: 35333579 PMCID: PMC8956270 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulations of lipid metabolism in the liver may trigger steatosis progression, leading to potentially severe clinical consequences such as nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs). Molecular mechanisms underlying liver lipogenesis are very complex and fine-tuned by chromatin dynamics and multiple key transcription factors. Here, we demonstrate that the nuclear factor HMGB1 acts as a strong repressor of liver lipogenesis. Mice with liver-specific Hmgb1 deficiency display exacerbated liver steatosis, while Hmgb1-overexpressing mice exhibited a protection from fatty liver progression when subjected to nutritional stress. Global transcriptome and functional analysis revealed that the deletion of Hmgb1 gene enhances LXRα and PPARγ activity. HMGB1 repression is not mediated through nucleosome landscape reorganization but rather via a preferential DNA occupation in a region carrying genes regulated by LXRα and PPARγ. Together, these findings suggest that hepatocellular HMGB1 protects from liver steatosis development. HMGB1 may constitute a new attractive option to therapeutically target the LXRα-PPARγ axis during NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Personnaz
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Enzo Piccolo
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alizée Dortignac
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jason S. Iacovoni
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Mariette
- MIAT, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Vincent Rocher
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Batut
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Deleruyelle
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucas Bourdens
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Océane Delos
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Combes-Soia
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Paccoud
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Elsa Moreau
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Martins
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Plateforme GeT, Genotoul, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Clouaire
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fadila Benhamed
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F- 75014 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | | | - Armelle Yart
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Castan-Laurell
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F- 75014 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Damien Denechaud
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Moro
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaelle Legube
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Dray
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pradère
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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25
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Puengel T, Liu H, Guillot A, Heymann F, Tacke F, Peiseler M. Nuclear Receptors Linking Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052668. [PMID: 35269812 PMCID: PMC8910763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) comprise a spectrum of chronic liver diseases in the global population that can lead to end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD is closely linked to the metabolic syndrome, and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance aggravate liver disease, while NAFLD promotes cardiovascular risk in affected patients. The pathomechanisms of NAFLD are multifaceted, combining hepatic factors including lipotoxicity, mechanisms of cell death and liver inflammation with extrahepatic factors including metabolic disturbance and dysbiosis. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of ligand-controlled transcription factors that regulate glucose, fat and cholesterol homeostasis and modulate innate immune cell functions, including liver macrophages. In parallel with metabolic derangement in NAFLD, altered NR signaling is frequently observed and might be involved in the pathogenesis. Therapeutically, clinical data indicate that single drug targets thus far have been insufficient for reaching patient-relevant endpoints. Therefore, combinatorial treatment strategies with multiple drug targets or drugs with multiple mechanisms of actions could possibly bring advantages, by providing a more holistic therapeutic approach. In this context, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and other NRs are of great interest as they are involved in wide-ranging and multi-organ activities associated with NASH progression or regression. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD, focusing on mechanisms of cell death, immunometabolism and the role of NRs. We outline novel therapeutic strategies and discuss remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Puengel
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.P.); (H.L.); (A.G.); (F.H.)
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.P.); (H.L.); (A.G.); (F.H.)
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.P.); (H.L.); (A.G.); (F.H.)
| | - Felix Heymann
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.P.); (H.L.); (A.G.); (F.H.)
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.P.); (H.L.); (A.G.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: (F.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Moritz Peiseler
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.P.); (H.L.); (A.G.); (F.H.)
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.T.); (M.P.)
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26
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Integrative analysis reveals multiple modes of LXR transcriptional regulation in liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2122683119. [PMID: 35145035 PMCID: PMC8851562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122683119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors liver X receptor (LXR) α and β play crucial roles in hepatic metabolism. Many genes induced in response to pharmacologic LXR agonism have been defined; however, the transcriptional consequences of loss of LXR binding to its genomic targets are less well characterized. Here, we addressed how deletion of both LXRα and LXRβ from mouse liver (LXR double knockout [DKO]) affects the transcriptional regulatory landscape by integrating changes in LXR binding, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression. Many genes involved in fatty acid metabolism showed reduced expression and chromatin accessibility at their intergenic and intronic regions in LXRDKO livers. Genes that were up-regulated with LXR deletion had increased chromatin accessibility at their promoter regions and were enriched for functions not linked to lipid metabolism. Loss of LXR binding in liver reduced the activity of a broad set of hepatic transcription factors, inferred through changes in motif accessibility. By contrast, accessibility at promoter nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) motifs was increased in the absence of LXR. Unexpectedly, we also defined a small set of LXR targets for direct ligand-dependent repression. These genes have LXR-binding sites but showed increased expression in LXRDKO liver and reduced expression in response to the LXR agonist. In summary, the binding of LXRs to the hepatic genome has broad effects on the transcriptional landscape that extend beyond its canonical function as an activator of lipid metabolic genes.
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27
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Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Autophagy by Nuclear Receptors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040620. [PMID: 35203271 PMCID: PMC8869834 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an adaptive self-eating process involved in degradation of various cellular components such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and organelles. Its activity plays an essential role in tissue homeostasis and systemic metabolism in response to diverse challenges, including nutrient depletion, pathogen invasion, and accumulations of toxic materials. Therefore, autophagy dysfunctions are intimately associated with many human diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, obesity, diabetes, infection, and aging. Although its acute post-translational regulation is well described, recent studies have also shown that autophagy can be controlled at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are in general ligand-dependent transcription factors consisting of 48 members in humans. These receptors extensively control transcription of a variety of genes involved in development, metabolism, and inflammation. In this review, we discuss the roles and mechanisms of NRs in an aspect of transcriptional regulation of hepatic autophagy, and how the NR-driven autophagy pathway can be harnessed to treat various liver diseases.
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28
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Veshkini A, M Hammon H, Vogel L, Delosière M, Viala D, Dèjean S, Tröscher A, Ceciliani F, Sauerwein H, Bonnet M. Liver proteome profiling in dairy cows during the transition from gestation to lactation: Effects of supplementation with essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids as explored by PLS-DA. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104436. [PMID: 34839038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the synergistic effects of essential fatty acids (EFA) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on the liver proteome profile of dairy cows during the transition to lactation. 16 Holstein cows were infused from 9 wk. antepartum to 9 wk. postpartum into the abomasum with either coconut oil (CTRL) or a mixture of EFA (linseed + safflower oil) and CLA (EFA + CLA). Label-free quantitative proteomics was performed in liver tissue biopsied at days -21, +1, +28, and + 63 relative to calving. Differentially abundant proteins (DAP) between treatment groups were identified at the intersection between a multivariate and a univariate analysis. In total, 1680 proteins were identified at each time point, of which between groups DAP were assigned to the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, drug metabolism - cytochrome P450, steroid hormone biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and glutathione metabolism. Cytochrome P450, as a central hub, enriched with specific CYP enzymes comprising: CYP51A1 (d - 21), CYP1A1 & CYP4F2 (d + 28), and CYP4V2 (d + 63). Collectively, supplementation of EFA + CLA in transition cows impacted hepatic lipid metabolism and enriched several common biological pathways at all time points that were mainly related to ω-oxidation of fatty acids through the Cytochrome p450 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE: In three aspects this manuscript is notable. First, this is among the first longitudinal proteomics studies in nutrition of dairy cows. The selected time points are critical periods around parturition with profound endocrine and metabolic adaptations. Second, our findings provided novel information on key drivers of biologically relevant pathways suggested according to previously reported performance, zootechnical, and metabolism data (already published elsewhere). Third, our results revealed the role of cytochrome P450 that is hardly investigated, and of ω-oxidation pathways in the metabolism of fatty acids with the involvement of specific enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Veshkini
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Harald M Hammon
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Laura Vogel
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mylène Delosière
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Didier Viala
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Sèbastien Dèjean
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR5219, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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29
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Cho H, Jeong M, Lee S, Yoo S. Comparison of the qualitative and quantitative optical coherence tomographic features between sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome and normal eyes in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25 Suppl 1:144-163. [PMID: 35144323 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the retinal optical coherence tomographic features of sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) and SARDS suspect dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED Fourteen SARDS affected dogs, 11 age-, breed-, and sex-matched control dogs, and two SARDS suspect dogs. PROCEDURES Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were used to evaluate the quantitative features, including thickness, intereye asymmetry, and longitudinal changes in retinal layer thickness and the qualitative features, including retinal architecture and vitreous haze. RESULTS Mean outer retinal layer thickness (ORT), outer nuclear layer thickness (ONL), and photoreceptor layer thickness (PRL) were significantly lower in the SARDS group, whereas mean inner retinal layer thickness was significantly higher in the SARDS group than in the control group. While thickness values of all retinal layers did not differ significantly between paired eyes in each group, the absolute intereye asymmetries in the ORT (p < .0001), ONL (p = .008), and PRL (p < .0001) were significantly higher in the SARDS group than in the control group. Some SARDS patients and SARDS suspects had a greater PRL than the control group, and serial OCT evaluation showed an increase in PRL in one SARDS suspect. Vitreous haze severity was greater in the SARDS group than in the control group (vitreous relative intensity, p = .030). CONCLUSIONS We described the OCT features of SARDS patients and suspects. In particular, PRL thickening in the SARDS suspects might indicate an early change in SARDS. Although further studies are needed, this finding might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of SARDS.
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Kardassis D, Thymiakou E, Chroni A. Genetics and regulation of HDL metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159060. [PMID: 34624513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inverse association between plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been demonstrated by numerous epidemiological studies. However, efforts to reduce CVD risk by pharmaceutically manipulating HDL-C levels failed and refused the HDL hypothesis. HDL-C levels in the general population are highly heterogeneous and are determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Insights into the causes of HDL-C heterogeneity came from the study of monogenic HDL deficiency syndromes but also from genome wide association and Μendelian randomization studies which revealed the contribution of a large number of loci to low or high HDL-C cases in the general or in restricted ethnic populations. Furthermore, HDL-C levels in the plasma are under the control of transcription factor families acting primarily in the liver including members of the hormone nuclear receptors (PPARs, LXRs, HNF-4) and forkhead box proteins (FOXO1-4) and activating transcription factors (ATFs). The effects of certain lipid lowering drugs used today are based on the modulation of the activity of specific members of these transcription factors. During the past decade, the roles of small or long non-coding RNAs acting post-transcriptionally on the expression of HDL genes have emerged and provided novel insights into HDL regulation and new opportunities for therapeutic interventions. In the present review we summarize recent progress made in the genetics and the regulation (transcriptional and post-transcriptional) of HDL metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kardassis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Efstathia Thymiakou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Angeliki Chroni
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
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Kim EN, Yu J, Lim JS, Jeong H, Kim CJ, Choi JS, Kim SR, Ahn HS, Kim K, Oh SJ. CRP immunodeposition and proteomic analysis in abdominal aortic aneurysm. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245361. [PMID: 34428207 PMCID: PMC8384196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular mechanisms of the degeneration of the aortic wall in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are poorly understood. The monomeric form of C-reactive protein (mCRP) is deposited in damaged cardiovascular organs and aggravates the prognosis; however, it is unknown whether mCRP is deposited in the degenerated aorta of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We investigated whether mCRP is deposited in AAA and examined the associated pathogenic signaling pathways. METHODS Twenty-four cases of AAA were analyzed and their histological features were compared according to the level of serum CRP and the degree of mCRP deposition. Proteomic analysis was performed in AAA cases with strong and diffuse CRP immunopositivity (n = 7) and those with weak, focal, and junctional CRP immunopositivity (n = 3). RESULTS mCRP was deposited in the aortic specimens of AAA in a characteristic pattern that coincided with the lesion of the diminished elastic layer of the aortic wall. High serum CRP level was associated with stronger mCRP immunopositivity and a larger maximal diameter of aortic aneurysm. Proteomic analysis in AAA showed that multiple proteins were differentially expressed according to mCRP immunopositivity. Also, ingenuity pathway analysis showed that pathways associated with atherosclerosis, acute phase response, complement system, immune system, and coagulation were enriched in AAA cases with high mCRP immunopositivity. CONCLUSIONS AAA showed a characteristic deposition of mCRP, and multiple potentially pathologic signaling pathways were upregulated in AAA cases with strong CRP immunopositivity. mCRP and the aforementioned pathological pathways may serve as targets for managing the progression of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Na Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yu
- Clinical Proteomics Core Lab, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seo Lim
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwangkyo Jeong
- Clinical Proteomics Core Lab, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Ahn
- Clinical Proteomics Core Lab, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Clinical Proteomics Core Lab, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Oh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Paredes A, Santos-Clemente R, Ricote M. Untangling the Cooperative Role of Nuclear Receptors in Cardiovascular Physiology and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157775. [PMID: 34360540 PMCID: PMC8346021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to acquire its physiological function during development, enabling it to supply the organism with oxygen and nutrients. Given this early commitment, cardiomyocytes were traditionally considered transcriptionally stable cells fully committed to contractile function. However, growing evidence suggests that the maintenance of cardiac function in health and disease depends on transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. Several studies have revealed that the complex transcriptional alterations underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) manifestations such as myocardial infarction and hypertrophy is mediated by cardiac retinoid X receptors (RXR) and their partners. RXRs are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors and drive essential biological processes such as ion handling, mitochondrial biogenesis, and glucose and lipid metabolism. RXRs are thus attractive molecular targets for the development of effective pharmacological strategies for CVD treatment and prevention. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of RXR partnership biology in cardiac homeostasis and disease, providing an up-to-date view of the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways that sustain cardiomyocyte physiology.
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Dixon ED, Nardo AD, Claudel T, Trauner M. The Role of Lipid Sensing Nuclear Receptors (PPARs and LXR) and Metabolic Lipases in Obesity, Diabetes and NAFLD. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050645. [PMID: 33926085 PMCID: PMC8145571 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are metabolic disorders characterized by metabolic inflexibility with multiple pathological organ manifestations, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nuclear receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors with a multifaceted role in controlling many metabolic activities, such as regulation of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and modulation of inflammatory genes. The activity of nuclear receptors is key in maintaining metabolic flexibility. Their activity depends on the availability of endogenous ligands, like fatty acids or oxysterols, and their derivatives produced by the catabolic action of metabolic lipases, most of which are under the control of nuclear receptors. For example, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is activated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and conversely releases fatty acids as ligands for PPARα, therefore, demonstrating the interdependency of nuclear receptors and lipases. The diverse biological functions and importance of nuclear receptors in metabolic syndrome and NAFLD has led to substantial effort to target them therapeutically. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of lipases and selected nuclear receptors, PPARs, and liver X receptor (LXR) in obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Trauner
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-140-4004-7410; Fax: +43-14-0400-4735
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IL-2Rβγ signalling in lymphocytes promotes systemic inflammation and reduces plasma cholesterol in atherosclerotic mice. Atherosclerosis 2021; 326:1-10. [PMID: 33945906 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relationship between inflammation and lipid metabolism is complex and bidirectional. Lymphocyte-driven inflammation has been shown to modulate both atherosclerotic plaque development and cholesterol levels, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. METHODS The cardiometabolic effects of IL-2Rβγ signalling in atherosclerotic Apoe-/- mice were investigated by treatment with an agonistic IL-2Rβγ-targeting IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex or a monoclonal anti-CD122 (IL-2Rβ) blocking antibody. RESULTS Administration of IL-2Rβγ agonistic IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes to Apoe-/- mice augmented opposing arms of the adaptive immune system. Expansion of effector/memory T cells and increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed along with elevated levels of regulatory T cells and IL-10. Notably, IL-2/anti-IL-2 treatment did not affect plaque size but decreased levels of plasma cholesterol. The cholesterol lowering effect of IL-2Rβγ agonism was not affected by anti-CD8 or anti-NK1.1 depleting antibody treatment but was contingent on the presence of adaptive immunity. Expression of multiple liver X receptor (LXR)-related genes, including Pltp and Srebp1c in the liver, was decreased by IL-2/anti-IL-2 treatment. Although IL-2Rβγ agonism lowered cholesterol levels, blocking IL-2Rβγ signalling using an anti-CD122 monoclonal antibody did not impact cholesterol levels or plaque burden in Apoe-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Elevated IL-2Rβγ signalling results in activation of both inflammatory and regulatory lymphocytes with a net zero effect on atherosclerosis and decreased plasma cholesterol levels. Changes in cholesterol levels were associated with reductions in hepatic LXR-related gene expression. Further studies are needed to investigate the clinical significance of IL-2 mediated modulation of hepatic LXR signalling in inflammatory disorders.
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Sun Y, Zhou L, Chen W, Zhang L, Zeng H, Sun Y, Long J, Yuan D. Immune metabolism: a bridge of dendritic cells function. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:313-325. [PMID: 33792460 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1897124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of researches have shown that cell metabolism regulates cell function. Dendritic cells (DCs), a professional antigen presenting cells, connect innate and adaptive immune responses. The preference of DCs for sugar or lipid affects its phenotypes and functions. In many diseases such as atherosclerosis (AS), diabetes mellitus and tumor, altered glucose or lipid level in microenvironment makes DCs exert ineffective or opposite immune roles, which accelerates the development of these diseases. In this article, we review the metabolism pathways of glucose and cholesterol in DCs, and the effects of metabolic changes on the phenotype and function of DCs. In addition, we discuss the effects of changes in glucose and lipid levels on DCs in the context of different diseases for better understanding the relationship between DCs and diseases. The immune metabolism of DCs may be a potential intervention link to treat metabolic-related immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Long
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Russo-Savage L, Schulman IG. Liver X receptors and liver physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166121. [PMID: 33713792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The liver x receptors LXRα (NR1H3) and LXRβ (NR1H2) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcription factors that regulate transcription in response to the direct binding of cholesterol derivatives. Studies using genetic knockouts and synthetic ligands have defined the LXRs as important modulators of lipid homeostasis throughout the body. This review focuses on the control of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism by LXRs in the liver and how modifying LXR activity can influence the pathology of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Russo-Savage
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Ira G Schulman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, United States of America.
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Kim JK, Cho IJ, Kim EO, Lee DG, Jung DH, Ki SH, Ku SK, Kim SC. Hemistepsin A inhibits T0901317-induced lipogenesis in the liver. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 32843130 PMCID: PMC7907741 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwang Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea
| | - Eun Ok Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea
| | - Dae Geon Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea
| | - Dae Hwa Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea
- Hani Bio Co., Ltd, Daegu 41059, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea
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Pang J, Xu H, Wang X, Chen X, Li Q, Liu Q, You Y, Zhang H, Xu Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Ling W. Resveratrol enhances trans-intestinal cholesterol excretion through selective activation of intestinal liver X receptor alpha. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114481. [PMID: 33631191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a dietary polyphenol with well-documented cardio-protective activity, but its effects on blood cholesterol levels remain to be established. Due to its poor bioavailability, tissue accumulation of RSV is extremely low except for that in the small intestine. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of RSV on blood cholesterol levels and the involvement of small intestine in the cholesterol-lowering impacts of RSV. Mice were administrated with RSV at various doses with high-fat diet (HFD) or high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 12 weeks. The fecal neutral sterol contents were analyzed, and intestinal perfusion test was performed. An enteric barrier model using Caco-2 cells was established. We observed that RSV reduced blood cholesterol levels in a dose-dependent manner in mice fed with HFD or HCD. Further investigation revealed that RSV administration increased the bile acid pool size but did not affect cholesterol consumption or de novo cholesterol synthesis. Interestingly, RSV promoted trans-intestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) by 2-fold in the intestinal perfusion test. In addition, RSV upregulated the expressions of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5 or 8 (Abcg5/8) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1a or 1b (Abcb1a/b) by up to 8 times in the duodenum mucosa but not in the liver. RSV also significantly downregulated the expression of intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (Npc1l1). Knock-down of liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) but not Sirt1 by siRNA significantly blocked RSV-induced cholesterol excretion in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, RSV could decrease circulating cholesterol levels through enhancing TICE and limiting cholesterol absorption via selective activation of intestinal LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yiran You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhongliang Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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Xie Y, Feng SL, Mai CT, Zheng YF, Wang H, Liu ZQ, Zhou H, Liu L. Suppression of up-regulated LXRα by silybin ameliorates experimental rheumatoid arthritis and abnormal lipid metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 80:153339. [PMID: 33038868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As dysregulation of immunometabolism plays a key role in the immunological diseases, dyslipidemia frequently observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (60%) is associated with the disease activity and has been considered as the potential target of anti-inflammatory strategy. However, targeting of metabolic events to develop novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics are far from clear as well as the mechanism of dyslipidemia in RA. PURPOSE To explore the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of silybin again RA through the regulation of lipid metabolism. METHODS Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model was used to examine the effects of silybin on modulating dysregulated lipid metabolism and arthritis. Metabolomics, docking technology, and biochemical methods such as western blots, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining were performed to understanding the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, knock-down of LXRα and LXRα agonist were used on LO2 cell lines to understand the action of silybin. RESULTS We are the first to demonstrate that silybin can ameliorate dyslipidemia and arthritis in AIA rats. Overexpression of LXRα and several key lipogenic enzymes regulated by LXRα, including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), cholesterol 7α and 27α hydroxylase (CYP7A, CYP27A), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2/FABP4) and fatty acid translocase (CD36/FAT), were observed in AIA rats, which mostly accounted for dyslipidemia during arthritis development. Metabolomics, docking technology, and biochemical results indicated that anti-arthritis effects of silybin related to suppressing the up-regulated LXRα and abnormal lipid metabolism. Notably, activation of LXRα could potentiate cell inflammatory process induced by LPS through the regulation of NF-κB pathway, however, suppression of LXRα agonism by siRNA or silybin reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB as well as the induction of downstream cytokines, indicating LXRα agonism is the important factor for the arthritis development and could be a potential target. CONCLUSION The up-regulation of LXRα can activate lipogenesis enzymes to worsen the inflammatory process in AIA rats as well as the development of dyslipidemia, therefore, rectifying lipid disorder via suppression of LXRα agonism pertains the capacity of drug target, which enables to discover and develop new drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis with dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR.
| | - Sen-Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Chu-Tian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Yan-Fang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR.
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Zhao L, Lei W, Deng C, Wu Z, Sun M, Jin Z, Song Y, Yang Z, Jiang S, Shen M, Yang Y. The roles of liver X receptor α in inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4807-4828. [PMID: 33305467 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptor α (LXRα; also known as NR1H3), an isoform of LXRs, is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors and plays essential roles in the transcriptional control of cholesterol homeostasis. Previous in-depth phenotypic analyses of mouse models with deficient LXRα have also demonstrated various physiological functions of this receptor within inflammatory responses. LXRα activation exerts a combination of metabolic and anti-inflammatory actions resulting in the modulation and the amelioration of inflammatory disorders. The tight "repercussions" between LXRα and inflammation, as well as cholesterol homeostasis, have suggested that LXRα could be pharmacologically targeted in pathologies such as atherosclerosis, acute lung injury, and Alzheimer's disease. This review gives an overview of the recent advances in understanding the roles of LXRα in inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases, which will help in the design of future experimental researches on the potential of LXRα and advance the investigation of LXRα as pharmacological inflammatory targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanbin Song
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzhi Shen
- Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Sanya, Hainan, China.,Hainan Branch of National Clinical Reasearch Center of Geriatrics Disease, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Xiao Y, Kim M, Lazar MA. Nuclear receptors and transcriptional regulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2020; 50:101119. [PMID: 33220489 PMCID: PMC8324695 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of a sedentary lifestyle and excess food consumption in modern society, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by fat accumulation in the liver is becoming a major disease burden. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of NAFLD characterized by inflammation and fibrosis that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of ligand-regulated transcription factors that closely control multiple aspects of metabolism. Their transcriptional activity is modulated by various ligands, including hormones and lipids. NRs serve as potential pharmacological targets for NAFLD/NASH and other metabolic diseases. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of NRs that have been studied in the context of NAFLD/NASH with a focus on their transcriptional regulation, function in preclinical models, and studies of their clinical utility. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The transcriptional regulation of NRs is context-dependent. During the dynamic progression of NAFLD/NASH, NRs play diverse roles in multiple organs and different cell types in the liver, which highlights the necessity of targeting NRs in a stage-specific and cell-type-specific manner to enhance the efficacy and safety of treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mindy Kim
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Piccinin E, Cariello M, Moschetta A. Lipid metabolism in colon cancer: Role of Liver X Receptor (LXR) and Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1). Mol Aspects Med 2020; 78:100933. [PMID: 33218679 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly occurring cancers worldwide. Although several genetic alterations have been associated with CRC onset and progression, nowadays the reprogramming of cellular metabolism has been recognized as a fundamental step of the carcinogenic process. Intestinal tumor cells frequently display an aberrant activation of lipid metabolism. Indeed, to satisfy the growing needs of a continuous proliferation, cancer cells can either increase the uptake of exogenous lipids or upregulate the endogenous lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis. Therefore, strategies aimed at limiting lipid accumulation are now under development in order to counteract malignancies. Two major players of lipids metabolism have been so far identified for their contribution to CRC development: the nuclear receptor Liver X Receptor (LXRs) and the enzyme Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1). Whereas LXR is mainly recognized for its role as a cholesterol sensor, finally promoting the loss of cellular cholesterol and whole-body homeostasis, SCD1 acts as the major regulator of new fatty acids, finely tuning the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio. Intriguingly, SCD1 is directly regulated by LXRs. Despite LXRs agonists have elicited great interest as a promising therapeutic target for cancer, LXR's ability to induce SCD1 and new fatty acids synthesis represent a major obstacle in the development of new effective treatments. Thus, further investigations are required to fully dissect the concomitant modulation of both players, to develop specific therapies aimed at blocking intestinal cancer cells proliferation, eventually counteracting CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy; INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy; INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy; National Cancer Center, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy.
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Orhan C, Kucuk O, Sahin N, Tuzcu M, Sahin K. Lycopene supplementation does not change productive performance but lowers egg yolk cholesterol and gene expression of some cholesterol-related proteins in laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:227-234. [PMID: 33085516 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1839017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. This work examined the effects of purified lycopene (LYC) supplementation or a source of LYC as tomato powder (TP) on productive performance, egg yolk cholesterol levels as well as gene expression related to mechanism and regulation of cholesterol.2. One hundred and fifty laying hens (Lohman LSL, hybrid) were randomly divided into one of three treatments, with 10 replicates of five hens per cage, totalling 50 hens per treatment. The hens were fed either a standard diet (control) or a standard diet supplemented with 20 mg purified lycopene/kg diet (LYC) or an equal amount of lycopene-containing tomato powder (TP) for 12 weeks.3. Feed consumption, egg production, and feed efficiency remained similar among treatments (P ≥ 0.27). Supplementing lycopene, either as a purified form or in TP, increased the levels of serum and egg yolk lycopene and reduced serum and egg yolk cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.001). Supplementation in either form decreased gene expression for intestinal NPC1L1, MTP, ACAT2, hepatic SREBP1c, ACLY, and LXRα but increased hepatic ABCG5 and ABCG8 (P < 0.001).4. The results of the present work revealed that egg yolk cholesterol metabolism is regulated by the modulation of a group of genes, particularly with LYC supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - O Kucuk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - N Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - K Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Goodson ML, Knotts TA, Campbell EL, Snyder CA, Young BM, Privalsky ML. Specific ablation of the NCoR corepressor δ splice variant reveals alternative RNA splicing as a key regulator of hepatic metabolism. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241238. [PMID: 33104749 PMCID: PMC7588069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NCoR corepressor plays critical roles in mediating transcriptional repression by both nuclear receptors and non-receptor transcription factors. Alternative mRNA splicing of NCoR produces a series of variants with differing molecular and biological properties. The NCoRω splice-variant inhibits adipogenesis whereas the NCoRδ splice-variant promotes it, and mice bearing a splice-specific knockout of NCoRω display enhanced hepatic steatosis and overall weight gain on a high fat diet as well as a greatly increased resistance to diet-induced glucose intolerance. We report here that the reciprocal NCoRδ splice-specific knock-out mice display the contrary phenotypes of reduced hepatic steatosis and reduced weight gain relative to the NCoRω-/- mice. The NCoRδ-/- mice also fail to demonstrate the strong resistance to diet-induced glucose intolerance exhibited by the NCoRω-/- animals. The NCoR δ and ω variants possess both unique and shared transcriptional targets, with expression of certain hepatic genes affected in opposite directions in the two mutants, others altered in one but not the other genotype, and yet others changed in parallel in both NCoRδ-/- and NCoRω-/- animals versus WT. Gene set expression analysis (GSEA) identified a series of lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolic pathways that are likely to contribute to their distinct steatosis and glucose tolerance phenotypes. We conclude that alternative-splicing of the NCoR corepressor plays a key role in the regulation of hepatic energy storage and utilization, with the NCoRδ and NCoRω variants exerting both opposing and shared functions in many aspects of this phenomenon and in the organism as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Goodson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Trina A. Knotts
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Microbiome & Host Response Core, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Elsie L. Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Chelsea A. Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Briana M. Young
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Martin L. Privalsky
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Our emerging understanding of the roles of long non-coding RNAs in normal liver function, disease, and malignancy. JHEP Rep 2020; 3:100177. [PMID: 33294829 PMCID: PMC7689550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important biological mediators that regulate numerous cellular processes. New experimental evidence suggests that lncRNAs play essential roles in liver development, normal liver physiology, fibrosis, and malignancy, including hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. In this review, we summarise our current understanding of the function of lncRNAs in the liver in both health and disease, as well as discuss approaches that could be used to target these non-coding transcripts for therapeutic purposes.
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Key Words
- ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1
- ACTA2/ɑ-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
- APO, apolipoprotein
- ASO, antisense oligonucleotides
- BDL, bile duct ligation
- CCA, cholangiocarcinoma
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- COL1A1, collagen type I α 1
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- DANCR, differentiation antagonising non-protein coding RNA
- DE, definitive endoderm
- DEANR1, definitive endoderm-associated lncRNA1
- DIGIT, divergent to goosecoid, induced by TGF-β family signalling
- DILC, downregulated in liver cancer stem cells
- EST, expression sequence tag
- EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- FBP1, fructose-bisphosphatase 1
- FENDRR, foetal-lethal non-coding developmental regulatory RNA
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GAS5, growth arrest-specific transcript 5
- H3K18ac, histone 3 lysine 18 acetylation
- H3K36me3, histone 3 lysine 36 trimethylation
- H3K4me3, histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HEIH, high expression In HCC
- HNRNPA1, heterogenous nuclear protein ribonucleoprotein A1
- HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA
- HOTTIP, HOXA transcript at the distal tip
- HSC, hepatic stellate cells
- HULC, highly upregulated in liver cancer
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HuR, human antigen R
- LCSC, liver cancer stem cell
- LSD1, lysine-specific demethylase 1
- LXR, liver X receptors
- LeXis, liver-expressed LXR-induced sequence
- Liver cancer
- Liver fibrosis
- Liver metabolism
- Liver-specific lncRNAs
- LncLSTR, lncRNA liver-specific triglyceride regulator
- MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
- MEG3, maternally expressed gene 3
- NAT, natural antisense transcript
- NEAT1, nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1
- ORF, open reading frame
- PKM2, pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2
- PPAR-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α
- PRC, polycomb repressive complex
- RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends
- RNA Pol, RNA polymerase
- S6K1, S6 kinase 1
- SHP, small heterodimer partner
- SREBPs, steroid response binding proteins
- SREs, sterol response elements
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TTR, transthyretin
- XIST, X-inactive specific transcript
- ZEB1, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1
- ceRNA, competing endogenous RNA
- eRNA, enhancer RNAs
- lincRNA, long intervening non-coding RNA
- lncRNA
- lncRNA, long non-coding RNA
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Mustra Rakic J, Wang XD. Role of lycopene in smoke-promoted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung carcinogenesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108439. [PMID: 32504553 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with cigarette smoking being the single most important risk factor for both. Emerging evidence indicates alterations in reverse cholesterol transport-mediated removal of excess cholesterol from lung, and intracellular cholesterol overload to be involved in smoke-promoted COPD and lung cancer development. Since there are currently few effective treatments for COPD and lung cancer, it is important to identify food-derived, biologically active compounds, which can protect against COPD and lung cancer development. High intake of the carotenoid lycopene, as one of phytochemicals, is associated with a decreased risk of chronic lung lesions. This review article summarizes and discusses epidemiologic evidence, in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the prevention of smoke-promoted COPD and lung carcinogenesis through dietary lycopene as an effective intervention strategy. We focus on the recent research implying that lycopene preventive effect is through targeting the main genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport. This review also indicates gaps in knowledge about the function of lycopene against COPD and lung cancer, offering directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Mustra Rakic
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Biochemical and Molecular Nutrition Program, Friedman School of Nutrition and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Biochemical and Molecular Nutrition Program, Friedman School of Nutrition and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Fan Q, Nørgaard RC, Grytten I, Ness CM, Lucas C, Vekterud K, Soedling H, Matthews J, Lemma RB, Gabrielsen OS, Bindesbøll C, Ulven SM, Nebb HI, Grønning-Wang LM, Sæther T. LXRα Regulates ChREBPα Transactivity in a Target Gene-Specific Manner through an Agonist-Modulated LBD-LID Interaction. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051214. [PMID: 32414201 PMCID: PMC7290792 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol-sensing nuclear receptor liver X receptor (LXR) and the glucose-sensing transcription factor carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) are central players in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver. More knowledge of their mechanistic interplay is needed to understand their role in pathological conditions like fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. In the current study, LXR and ChREBP co-occupancy was examined by analyzing ChIP-seq datasets from mice livers. LXR and ChREBP interaction was determined by Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and their transactivity was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of target genes and gene reporter assays. Chromatin binding capacity was determined by ChIP-qPCR assays. Our data show that LXRα and ChREBPα interact physically and show a high co-occupancy at regulatory regions in the mouse genome. LXRα co-activates ChREBPα and regulates ChREBP-specific target genes in vitro and in vivo. This co-activation is dependent on functional recognition elements for ChREBP but not for LXR, indicating that ChREBPα recruits LXRα to chromatin in trans. The two factors interact via their key activation domains; the low glucose inhibitory domain (LID) of ChREBPα and the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of LXRα. While unliganded LXRα co-activates ChREBPα, ligand-bound LXRα surprisingly represses ChREBPα activity on ChREBP-specific target genes. Mechanistically, this is due to a destabilized LXRα:ChREBPα interaction, leading to reduced ChREBP-binding to chromatin and restricted activation of glycolytic and lipogenic target genes. This ligand-driven molecular switch highlights an unappreciated role of LXRα in responding to nutritional cues that was overlooked due to LXR lipogenesis-promoting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Fan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (Q.F.); (K.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Rikke Christine Nørgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Ivar Grytten
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Cecilie Maria Ness
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Christin Lucas
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Kristin Vekterud
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (Q.F.); (K.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Helen Soedling
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Roza Berhanu Lemma
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.B.L.); (O.S.G.)
| | - Odd Stokke Gabrielsen
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.B.L.); (O.S.G.)
| | - Christian Bindesbøll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (Q.F.); (K.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Stine Marie Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Hilde Irene Nebb
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Line Mariann Grønning-Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (R.C.N.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (S.M.U.); (H.I.N.); (L.M.G.-W.)
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (Q.F.); (K.V.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-22-851510
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Zhang DD, Wang DD, Wang Z, Wang YB, Li GX, Sun GR, Tian YD, Han RL, Li ZJ, Jiang RR, Liu XJ, Kang XT, Li H. Estrogen Abolishes the Repression Role of gga-miR-221-5p Targeting ELOVL6 and SQLE to Promote Lipid Synthesis in Chicken Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051624. [PMID: 32120850 PMCID: PMC7084605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have been conducted regarding the biological function and regulation role of gga-miR-221-5p in the liver. We compared the conservation of miR-221-5p among species and investigated the expression pattern of gga-miR-221-5p, validating the direct target genes of gga-miR-221-5p by dual luciferase reporter assay, the biological function of gga-miR-221-5p in the liver was studied by gga-miR-221-5p overexpression and inhibition. Furthermore, we explored the regulation of gga-miR-221-5p and its target genes by treatment with estrogen and estrogen antagonists in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that miR-221-5p was highly conserved among species, expressed in all tested tissues and significantly downregulated in peak-laying hen liver compared to pre-laying hen liver. Gga-miR-221-5p could directly target the expression of elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6 (ELOVL6) and squalene epoxidase (SQLE) genes to affect triglyceride and total cholesterol content in the liver. 17β-estradiol could significantly inhibit the expression of gga-miR-221-5p but promote the expression of ELOVL6 and SQLE genes. In conclusion, the highly conservative gga-miR-221-5p could directly target ELOVL6 and SQLE mRNAs to affect the level of intracellular triglyceride and total cholesterol. Meanwhile, 17β-estradiol could repress the expression of gga-miR-221-5p but increase the expression of ELOVL6 and SQLE, therefore promoting the synthesis of intracellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the liver of egg-laying chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Ding Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
| | - Yang-Bin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guo-Xi Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gui-Rong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ya-Dong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Rui-Li Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhuan-Jian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Rui-Rui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiang-Tao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.-D.Z.); (D.-D.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.-B.W.); (G.-X.L.); (G.-R.S.); (Y.-D.T.); (R.-L.H.); (Z.-J.L.); (R.-R.J.); (X.-J.L.); (X.-T.K.)
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
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IL-13-driven alterations in hepatic cholesterol handling contributes to hypercholesterolemia in a rat model of minimal change disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:225-237. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20190961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCirculating factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of minimal change disease (MCD), and may have direct effects on cholesterol metabolism. This study investigated the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia in an IL-13 overexpression rat model of MCD prior to the onset of proteinuria, so as to establish the direct contribution of IL-13, especially with regard to hepatic cholesterol handling. In this model of MCD, the temporal relationship between hypercholesterolemia and proteinuria was first identified. Plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) and liver ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5 (Abcg5) were measured using ELISA. Liver Ldlr and liver X receptor alpha (Lxra) were quantified with Western blot. Abcg5-mediated cholesterol efflux in IL-13-stimulated rat primary hepatocytes was measured using taurocholate as cholesterol acceptor. The role of Lxra was validated using a luciferase assay in Lxre-luciferase-transfected IL-13-stimulated hepatocytes. IL-13-transfected rats developed hypercholesterolemia prior to proteinuria, with 35% of rats hypercholesterolemic but only 11% proteinuric by Day 20 (P = 0.04). These pre-proteinuric hypercholesterolemic rats showed elevations in total and LDL-cholesterol, but not hypertriglyceridemia or hepatic steatosis. The hypercholesterolemia was associated with increased hepatic Pcsk9 synthesis and enhanced circulating Pcsk9 levels, which correlated strongly with plasma total cholesterol (r = 0.73, P<0.001). The hypercholesterolemia was also contributed by decreased Abcg5 expression and activity, due to reduced Lxra expression. Lxra expression correlated with plasma total cholesterol levels (r = −0.52, P = 0.01), and overexpression of pLxra in rat hepatocytes abrogated the IL-13-mediated down-regulation of Lxre-driven gene expression. In conclusion, we have shown that IL-13 induced changes in hepatic cholesterol handling in a cytokine-induced rat model of MCD, resulting in hypercholesterolemia which can precede the onset of proteinuria.
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Hansmann E, Mennillo E, Yoda E, Verreault M, Barbier O, Chen S, Tukey RH. Differential Role of Liver X Receptor (LXR) α and LXR β in the Regulation of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 in Humanized UGT1 Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:255-263. [PMID: 31980500 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.090068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs), LXRα and LXRβ, are nuclear receptors that regulate the metabolism of cholesterol and bile acids and are activated by oxysterols. Humanized UGT1 (hUGT1) mice express the 9-human UGT1A genes associated with the UGT1 locus in a Ugt1-null background. The expression of UGT1A1 is developmentally delayed in the liver and intestines, resulting in the accumulation of serum bilirubin during the neonatal period. Induction of UGT1A1 in newborn hUGT1 mice leads to rapid reduction in total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels, a phenotype measurement that allows for an accurate prediction on UGT1A1 expression. When neonatal hUGT1 mice were treated by oral gavage with the LXR agonist T0901317, TSB levels were dramatically reduced. To determine the LXR contribution to the induction of UGT1A1 and the lowering of TSB levels, experiments were conducted in neonatal hUGT1/Lxrα -/- , hUGT1/Lxrβ -/- , and hUGT1/Lxrαβ -/- mice treated with T0901317. Induction of liver UGT1A1 was dependent upon LXRα, with the induction pattern paralleling induction of LXRα-specific stearoyl CoA desaturase 1. However, the actions of T0901317 were also shown to display a lack of specificity for LXR, with the induction of liver UGT1A1 in hUGT1/Lxrαβ -/- mice, a result associated with activation of both pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor. However, the LXR agonist GW3965 was highly selective toward LXRα, showing no impact on lowering TSB values or inducing UGT1A1 in hUGT1/Lxrα -/- mice. An LXR-specific enhancer site on the UGT1A1 gene was identified, along with convincing evidence that LXRα is crucial in maintaining constitutive expression of UGT1A1 in adult hUGT1 mice. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: It has been established that activation of LXRα, and not LXRβ, is responsible for the induction of liver UGT1A1 and metabolism of serum bilirubin in neonatal hUGT1 mice. Although induction of the human UGT1A1 gene is initiated at a newly characterized LXR enhancer site, allelic deletion of the Lxrα gene drastically reduces the constitutive expression of liver UGT1A1 in adult hUGT1 mice. Combined, these findings indicate that LXRα is critical for the developmental expression of UGT1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hansmann
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
| | - Elvira Mennillo
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
| | - Emiko Yoda
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
| | - Mélanie Verreault
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
| | - Shujuan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
| | - Robert H Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
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