1
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Wang Z, Chang Y, Sun H, Li Y, Tang T. Advances in molecular mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease‑associated colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 27:257. [PMID: 38646499 PMCID: PMC11027113 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between inflammation and cancer is well documented and colonic inflammation caused by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be a high-risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The complex crosstalk between epithelial and inflammatory cells is thought to underlie the progression from inflammation to cancer. The present review collates and summarises recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD-associated CRC (IBD-CRC), including the oncogenic mechanisms of the main inflammatory signalling pathways and genetic alterations induced by oxidative stress during colonic inflammation, and discusses the crosstalk between the tumour microenvironment, intestinal flora and host immune factors during inflammatory oncogenesis in colitis-associated CRC. In addition, the therapeutic implications of anti-inflammatory therapy for IBD-CRC were discussed, intending to provide new insight into improve clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Tongyu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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2
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Gutierrez AH, Mazariegos MS, Alemany S, Nevzorova YA, Cubero FJ, Sanz-García C. Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2): A Cot-plicated progression from inflammation to chronic liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166660. [PMID: 36764206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic protein tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), also known as cancer Osaka thyroid (Cot), or MAP3K8, is thought to have a significant role in a variety of cancers and illnesses and it is a key component in the activation pathway for the expression of inflammatory mediators. Despite the tight connection between inflammation and TPL2, its function has not been extensively studied in chronic liver disease (CLD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here, we analyze more in detail the significance of TPL2 in CLD to shed light on the pathological and molecular transduction pattern of TPL2 during the progression of CLD. This might result in important advancements and enable progress in the diagnosis and treatment of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro H Gutierrez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina S Mazariegos
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Alemany
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Biomedicine Unit (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Yulia A Nevzorova
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sanz-García
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Cavagnero KJ, Gallo RL. Essential immune functions of fibroblasts in innate host defense. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058862. [PMID: 36591258 PMCID: PMC9797514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term fibroblast has been used generally to describe spindle-shaped stromal cells of mesenchymal origin that produce extracellular matrix, establish tissue structure, and form scar. Current evidence has found that cells with this morphology are highly heterogeneous with some fibroblastic cells actively participating in both innate and adaptive immune defense. Detailed analysis of barrier tissues such as skin, gut, and lung now show that some fibroblasts directly sense pathogens and other danger signals to elicit host defense functions including antimicrobial activity, leukocyte recruitment, and production of cytokines and lipid mediators relevant to inflammation and immunosuppression. This review will synthesize current literature focused on the innate immune functions performed by fibroblasts at barrier tissues to highlight the previously unappreciated importance of these cells in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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4
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Vougioukalaki M, Georgila K, Athanasiadis EI, Eliopoulos AG. Cell adhesion tunes inflammatory TPL2 kinase signal transduction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:156. [PMID: 35218437 PMCID: PMC11072766 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through adhesion-related molecules is important for cancer growth and metastasis and cancer cells are resistant to anoikis, a form of cell death ensued by cell detachment from the extracellular matrix. Herein, we report that detached carcinoma cells and immortalized fibroblasts display defects in TNF and CD40 ligand (CD40L)-induced MEK-ERK signaling. Cell detachment results in reduced basal levels of the MEK kinase TPL2, compromises TPL2 activation and sensitizes carcinoma cells to death-inducing receptor ligands, mimicking the synthetic lethal interactions between TPL2 inactivation and TNF or CD40L stimulation. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), which is activated in focal adhesions and mediates anchorage-dependent survival signaling, was found to sustain steady state TPL2 protein levels and to be required for TNF-induced TPL2 signal transduction. We show that when FAK levels are reduced, as seen in certain types of malignancy or malignant cell populations, the formation of cIAP2:RIPK1 complexes increases, leading to reduced TPL2 expression levels by a dual mechanism: first, by the reduction in the levels of NF-κΒ1 which is required for TPL2 stability; second, by the engagement of an RelA NF-κΒ pathway that elevates interleukin-6 production, leading to activation of STAT3 and its transcriptional target SKP2 which functions as a TPL2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. These data underscore a new mode of regulation of TNF family signal transduction on the TPL2-MEK-ERK branch by adhesion-related molecules that may have important ramifications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vougioukalaki
- Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantina Georgila
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil I Athanasiadis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristides G Eliopoulos
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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5
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Wyatt KD, Sarr D, Sakamoto K, Watford WT. Influenza-induced Tpl2 expression within alveolar epithelial cells is dispensable for host viral control and anti-viral immunity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262832. [PMID: 35051238 PMCID: PMC8775564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to Toll-like receptors (TLR) and cytokine receptors. Global ablation of Tpl2 leads to severe disease in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, characterized by respiratory distress, and studies in bone marrow chimeric mice implicated Tpl2 in non-hematopoietic cells. Lung epithelial cells are primary targets and replicative niches of influenza viruses; however, the specific regulation of antiviral responses by Tpl2 within lung epithelial cells has not been investigated. Herein, we show that Tpl2 is basally expressed in primary airway epithelial cells and that its expression increases in both type I and type II airway epithelial cells (AECI and AECII) in response to influenza infection. We used Nkx2.1-cre to drive Tpl2 deletion within pulmonary epithelial cells to delineate epithelial cell-specific functions of Tpl2 during influenza infection in mice. Although modest increases in morbidity and mortality were attributed to cre-dependent deletion in lung epithelial cells, no alterations in host cytokine production or lung pathology were observed. In vitro, Tpl2 inhibition within the type I airway epithelial cell line, LET1, as well as genetic ablation in primary airway epithelial cells did not alter cytokine production. Overall, these findings establish that Tpl2-dependent defects in cells other than AECs are primarily responsible for the morbidity and mortality seen in influenza-infected mice with global Tpl2 ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara D. Wyatt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Demba Sarr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wendy T. Watford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Melissari MT, Henriques A, Tzaferis C, Prados A, Sarris ME, Chalkidi N, Mavroeidi D, Chouvardas P, Grammenoudi S, Kollias G, Koliaraki V. Col6a1 +/CD201 + mesenchymal cells regulate intestinal morphogenesis and homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:1. [PMID: 34910257 PMCID: PMC11073078 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mesenchymal cells encompass multiple subsets, whose origins, functions, and pathophysiological importance are still not clear. Here, we used the Col6a1Cre mouse, which targets distinct fibroblast subsets and perivascular cells that can be further distinguished by the combination of the CD201, PDGFRα and αSMA markers. Developmental studies revealed that the Col6a1Cre mouse also targets mesenchymal aggregates that are crucial for intestinal morphogenesis and patterning, suggesting an ontogenic relationship between them and homeostatic PDGFRαhi telocytes. Cell depletion experiments in adulthood showed that Col6a1+/CD201+ mesenchymal cells regulate homeostatic enteroendocrine cell differentiation and epithelial proliferation. During acute colitis, they expressed an inflammatory and extracellular matrix remodelling gene signature, but they also retained their properties and topology. Notably, both in homeostasis and tissue regeneration, they were dispensable for normal organ architecture, while CD34+ mesenchymal cells expanded, localised at the top of the crypts, and showed increased expression of villous-associated morphogenetic factors, providing thus evidence for the plasticity potential of intestinal mesenchymal cells. Our results provide a comprehensive analysis of the identities, origin, and functional significance of distinct mesenchymal populations in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Theodora Melissari
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Ana Henriques
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christos Tzaferis
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Alejandro Prados
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michalis E Sarris
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Niki Chalkidi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Dimitra Mavroeidi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Chouvardas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Grammenoudi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Koliaraki
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece.
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7
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Wyatt KD, Sakamoto K, Watford WT. Tamoxifen administration induces histopathologic changes within the lungs of Cre-recombinase-negative mice: A case report. Lab Anim 2021; 56:297-303. [PMID: 34551640 DOI: 10.1177/00236772211042968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is commonly used as a cancer treatment in humans and for inducing genetic alterations using Cre-lox mouse models in the research setting. However, the extent of tamoxifen off-target effects in animal research is underappreciated. Here, we report significant changes in cellular infiltration in Cre-recombinase-negative mice treated with tamoxifen intraperitoneally. These changes were noted in the lungs, which were characterized by the presence of alveolitis, vasculitis, and pleuritis. Despite significant immunological changes in response to tamoxifen treatment, clinical symptoms were not observed. This study provides a cautionary note that tamoxifen treatment alone leads to histologic alterations that may obscure research interpretations and further highlights the need for the development of alternative mouse models for inducible Cre-mediated deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara D Wyatt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, USA
| | | | - Wendy T Watford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, USA
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8
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Wu KC, Cain G, Corpuz J, Xu D, Ljumanovic N, Zarrin AA. Tpl2 kinase regulates inflammation but not tumorigenesis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 418:115494. [PMID: 33722668 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2, gene name MAP3K8), a mitogen-activated protein kinase, is widely expressed in immune and non-immune cells to integrate tumor necrosis factor (TNF), toll-like receptors (TLRs), and interleukin-1 (IL1) receptor signaling to regulate inflammatory response. Given its central role in inflammatory response, Tpl2 is an attractive small molecule drug target. However, the role of Tpl2 as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene remains controversial, and its function outside immune cells is not understood. We therefore utilized a Tpl2 kinase dead (Tpl2-KD) mouse model in an 18-month aging study to further elucidate Tpl2 effects on lifespan and chronic disease. Histopathological studies revealed the incidence and severity of spontaneous tumors and non-neoplastic lesions were comparable between wild type and Tpl2-KD mice. The only finding was that male Tpl2-KD mice had higher bodyweight and an increased incidence of liver steatosis, suggesting a sex-specific role for Tpl2 in hepatic lipid metabolism. In conclusion, loss of Tpl2 kinase activity did not lead to increased tumorigenesis over aging in mice but affected likely alterations in lipid metabolism in male animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Connie Wu
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Gary Cain
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Janice Corpuz
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daqi Xu
- Immunology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nina Ljumanovic
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ali A Zarrin
- Immunology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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9
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Nanou A, Bourbouli M, Vetrano S, Schaeper U, Ley S, Kollias G. Endothelial Tpl2 regulates vascular barrier function via JNK-mediated degradation of claudin-5 promoting neuroinflammation or tumor metastasis. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109168. [PMID: 34038728 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability and leakage are hallmarks of several pathologies and determine disease progression and severity by facilitating inflammatory/metastatic cell infiltration. Using tissue-specific genetic ablation in endothelial cells, we have investigated in vivo the role of Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) member with pleiotropic effects in inflammation and cancer. In response to proinflammatory stimuli, endothelial Tpl2 deletion alters tight junction claudin-5 protein expression through inhibition of JNK signaling and lysosomal degradation activation, resulting in reduced vascular permeability and immune cell infiltration. This results in significantly attenuated disease scores in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and fewer tumor nodules in a hematogenic lung cancer metastasis model. Accordingly, pharmacologic inhibition of Tpl2 or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated Tpl2 knockdown recapitulates our findings and reduces lung metastatic tumor invasions. These results establish an endothelial-specific role for Tpl2 and highlight the therapeutic potential of blocking the endothelial-specific Tpl2 pathway in chronic inflammatory and metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Nanou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Science Research Center (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Attika, Greece
| | - Mara Bourbouli
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Science Research Center (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Attika, Greece
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy; IBD Center, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Steven Ley
- Immune Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Imperial College, London, UK
| | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Science Research Center (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Attika, Greece; Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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10
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Ma H, Wang J, Zhao X, Wu T, Huang Z, Chen D, Liu Y, Ouyang G. Periostin Promotes Colorectal Tumorigenesis through Integrin-FAK-Src Pathway-Mediated YAP/TAZ Activation. Cell Rep 2021; 30:793-806.e6. [PMID: 31968254 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein involved in various inflammatory diseases and tumor metastasis; however, evidence regarding whether and how periostin actively contributes to inflammation-associated tumorigenesis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that periostin deficiency significantly inhibits the occurrence of colorectal cancer in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and in ApcMin/+ mice. Moreover, periostin deficiency attenuates the severity of colitis and reduces the proliferation of tumor cells. Mechanistically, stromal fibroblast-derived periostin activates FAK-Src kinases through integrin-mediated outside-in signaling, which results in the activation of YAP/TAZ and, subsequently, IL-6 expression in tumor cells. Conversely, IL-6 induces periostin expression in fibroblasts by activating STAT3, which ultimately facilitates colorectal tumor development. These findings provide the evidence that periostin promotes colorectal tumorigenesis, and identify periostin- and IL-6-mediated tumor-stroma interaction as a promising target for treating colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xueli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Dafan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yingfu Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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11
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MyD88 in myofibroblasts enhances colitis-associated tumorigenesis via promoting macrophage M2 polarization. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108724. [PMID: 33535045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal adaptor MyD88, an essential component of TLR signaling, plays an important role in gut-microbiome interactions. However, its contribution to colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is still controversial. Far less is known about the specific effects of MyD88 signaling in myofibroblasts in CAC development. Here, we used a CAC mouse model in which MyD88 was selectively depleted in myofibroblasts. Myofibroblast MyD88-deficient mice are resistant to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced tumorigenesis, as evidenced by the decrease in the number and sizes of tumors. MyD88 deficiency in myofibroblasts attenuates intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation after acute DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, MyD88 signaling in myofibroblasts increases the secretion of osteopontin (OPN), which promotes macrophage M2 polarization through binding to αvβ3 and CD44, leading to activation of the STAT3/PPARγ pathway. Thus, MyD88 signaling in myofibroblasts crucially contributes to colorectal cancer development and provides a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of colitis-associated carcinogenesis.
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12
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Fibroblast Subsets in Intestinal Homeostasis, Carcinogenesis, Tumor Progression, and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020183. [PMID: 33430285 PMCID: PMC7825703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer often develops via the adenoma–carcinoma sequence, a process which is accompanied by (epi) genetic alterations in epithelial cells and gradual phenotypic changes in fibroblast populations. Recent studies have made it clear that these fibroblast populations which, in the context of invasive cancers are termed cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), play an important role in intestinal tumor progression. This review provides an overview on the emerging role of fibroblasts in various stages of colorectal cancer development, ranging from adenoma initiation to metastatic spread of tumor cells. As fibroblasts show considerable heterogeneity in subsets and phenotypes during cancer development, a better functional understanding of stage-specific (alterations in) fibroblast/CAF populations is key to increase the effectiveness of fibroblast-based prognosticators and therapies. Abstract In intestinal homeostasis, continuous renewal of the epithelium is crucial to withstand the plethora of stimuli which can damage the structural integrity of the intestines. Fibroblasts contribute to this renewal by facilitating epithelial cell differentiation as well as providing the structural framework in which epithelial cells can regenerate. Upon dysregulation of intestinal homeostasis, (pre-) malignant neoplasms develop, a process which is accompanied by (epi) genetic alterations in epithelial cells as well as phenotypic changes in fibroblast populations. In the context of invasive carcinomas, these fibroblast populations are termed cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs are the most abundant cell type in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and consist of various functionally heterogeneous subsets which can promote or restrain cancer progression. Although most previous research has focused on the biology of epithelial cells, accumulating evidence shows that certain fibroblast subsets can also importantly contribute to tumor initiation and progression, thereby possibly providing avenues for improvement of clinical care for CRC patients. In this review, we summarized the current literature on the emerging role of fibroblasts in various stages of CRC development, ranging from adenoma initiation to the metastatic spread of cancer cells. In addition, we highlighted translational and therapeutic perspectives of fibroblasts in the different stages of intestinal tumor progression.
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13
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Melissari MT, Chalkidi N, Sarris ME, Koliaraki V. Fibroblast Reprogramming in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:630. [PMID: 32760726 PMCID: PMC7373725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a significant cause of cancer mortality worldwide and have been strongly linked with chronic inflammation. Current therapies focus on epithelial/cancer cells; however, the importance of the tumor microenvironment in the development and treatment of the disease is also now well established. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment, and are actively participating in tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis. They structurally and functionally affect cancer cell proliferation, tumor immunity, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and metastasis through a variety of signaling pathways. CAFs originate predominantly from resident mesenchymal cells, which are activated and reprogrammed in response to cues from cancer cells. In recent years, chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract has also proven an important driver of mesenchymal cell activation and subsequent CAF development, which in turn are capable of regulating the transition from acute to chronic inflammation and cancer. In this review, we will provide a concise overview of the mechanisms that drive fibroblast reprogramming in cancer and the recent advances on the downstream signaling pathways that regulate the functional properties of the activated mesenchyme. This new mechanistic insight could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies and better prognosis for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Theodora Melissari
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Niki Chalkidi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Michalis E Sarris
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Koliaraki
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
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14
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Njunge LW, Estania AP, Guo Y, Liu W, Yang L. Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) in tumor-promoting Inflammation, Tumorigenesis and Tumor Immunity. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:8343-8364. [PMID: 32724474 PMCID: PMC7381748 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) has been identified as an essential modulator of immune responses that conveys inflammatory signals to downstream effectors, subsequently modulating the generation and function of inflammatory cells. TPL2 is also differentially expressed and activated in several cancers, where it is associated with increased inflammation, malignant transformation, angiogenesis, metastasis, poor prognosis and therapy resistance. However, the relationship between TPL2-driven inflammation, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity has not been addressed. Here, we reconcile the function of TPL2-driven inflammation to oncogenic functions such as inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, metastasis, immunosuppression and immune evasion. We also address the controversies reported on TPL2 function in tumor-promoting inflammation and tumorigenesis, and highlight the potential role of the TPL2 adaptor function in regulating the mechanisms leading to pro-tumorigenic inflammation and tumor progression. We discuss the therapeutic implications and limitations of targeting TPL2 for cancer treatment. The ideas presented here provide some new insight into cancer pathophysiology that might contribute to the development of more integrative and specific anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapeutics.
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15
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Heichler C, Scheibe K, Schmied A, Geppert CI, Schmid B, Wirtz S, Thoma OM, Kramer V, Waldner MJ, Büttner C, Farin HF, Pešić M, Knieling F, Merkel S, Grüneboom A, Gunzer M, Grützmann R, Rose-John S, Koralov SB, Kollias G, Vieth M, Hartmann A, Greten FR, Neurath MF, Neufert C. STAT3 activation through IL-6/IL-11 in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes colorectal tumour development and correlates with poor prognosis. Gut 2020; 69:1269-1282. [PMID: 31685519 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) influence the tumour microenvironment and tumour growth. However, the role of CAFs in colorectal cancer (CRC) development is incompletely understood. DESIGN We quantified phosphorylation of STAT3 (pSTAT3) expression in CAFs of human colon cancer tissue using a tissue microarray (TMA) of 375 patients, immunofluorescence staining and digital pathology. To investigate the functional role of CAFs in CRC, we took advantage of two murine models of colorectal neoplasia and advanced imaging technologies. In loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments, using genetically modified mice with collagen type VI (COLVI)-specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) targeting, we evaluated STAT3 signalling in fibroblasts during colorectal tumour development. We performed a comparative gene expression profiling by whole genome RNA-sequencing of fibroblast subpopulations (COLVI+ vs COLVI-) on STAT3 activation (IL-6 vs IL-11). RESULTS The analysis of pSTAT3 expression in CAFs of human TMAs revealed a negative correlation of increased stromal pSTAT3 expression with the survival of colon cancer patients. In the loss-of-function and gain-of-function approach, we found a critical role of STAT3 activation in fibroblasts in driving colorectal tumourigenesis in vivo. With different imaging technologies, we detected an expansion of activated fibroblasts in colorectal neoplasias. Comparative gene expression profiling of fibroblast subpopulations on STAT3 activation revealed the regulation of transcriptional patterns associated with angiogenesis. Finally, the blockade of proangiogenic signalling significantly reduced colorectal tumour growth in mice with constitutive STAT3 activation in COLVI+ fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Altogether our work demonstrates a critical role of STAT3 activation in CAFs in CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Heichler
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Scheibe
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anabel Schmied
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schmid
- Optical Imaging Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oana-Maria Thoma
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School of Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Kramer
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Waldner
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Büttner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henner F Farin
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marina Pešić
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Chirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Third Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Chirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - George Kollias
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian R Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Koliaraki V, Chalkidi N, Henriques A, Tzaferis C, Polykratis A, Waisman A, Muller W, Hackam DJ, Pasparakis M, Kollias G. Innate Sensing through Mesenchymal TLR4/MyD88 Signals Promotes Spontaneous Intestinal Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 26:536-545.e4. [PMID: 30650348 PMCID: PMC6334226 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MyD88, an adaptor molecule downstream of innate pathways, plays a significant tumor-promoting role in sporadic intestinal carcinogenesis of the Apcmin/+ model, which carries a mutation in the Apc gene. Here, we show that deletion of MyD88 in intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs) significantly reduces tumorigenesis in this model. This phenotype is associated with decreased epithelial cell proliferation, altered inflammatory and tumorigenic immune cell infiltration, and modified gene expression similar to complete MyD88 knockout mice. Genetic deletion of TLR4, but not interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), in IMCs led to altered molecular profiles and reduction of intestinal tumors similar to the MyD88 deficiency. Ex vivo analysis in IMCs indicated that these effects could be mediated through downstream signals involving growth factors and inflammatory and extracellular matrix (ECM)-regulating genes, also found in human cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Our results provide direct evidence that during tumorigenesis, IMCs and CAFs are activated by innate TLR4/MyD88-mediated signals and promote carcinogenesis in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Koliaraki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming," Vari 16672, Greece.
| | - Niki Chalkidi
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming," Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Ana Henriques
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming," Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Christos Tzaferis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming," Vari 16672, Greece
| | | | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Werner Muller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M139PT, UK
| | - David J Hackam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; The Bloomberg Children's Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - George Kollias
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming," Vari 16672, Greece; Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
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17
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Webb LV, Ventura S, Ley SC. ABIN-2, of the TPL-2 Signaling Complex, Modulates Mammalian Inflammation. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:799-808. [PMID: 31401161 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian TPL-2 kinase (MAP3K8) mediates Toll-like receptor activation of ERK1/2 and p38α MAP kinases and is critical for regulating immune responses to pathogens. TPL-2 also has an important adaptor function, maintaining stability of associated ABIN-2 ubiquitin-binding protein. Consequently, phenotypes detected in Map3k8-/- mice can be caused by lack of TPL-2, ABIN-2, or both proteins. Recent studies show that increased inflammation of Map3k8-/- mice in allergic airway inflammation and colitis results from reduced ABIN-2 signaling, rather than blocked TPL-2 signaling. However, Map3k8-/- mice have been employed extensively to evaluate the potential of TPL-2 as an anti-inflammatory drug target. We posit that Map3k8D270A/D270A mice, expressing catalytically inactive TPL-2 and physiologic ABIN-2, should be used to evaluate the potential effects of TPL-2 inhibitors in disease.
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18
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Kawamura T, Yamamoto M, Suzuki K, Suzuki Y, Kamishima M, Sakata M, Kurachi K, Setoh M, Konno H, Takeuchi H. Tenascin-C Produced by Intestinal Myofibroblasts Promotes Colitis-associated Cancer Development Through Angiogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:732-741. [PMID: 30517646 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is one of the prognostic factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and prevention of CAC is a critical concern for patients with IBD. Component cells of the microenvironment, especially myofibroblasts, are known to affect tumor development, but the role of intestinal myofibroblasts (IMFs) in CAC has not been clarified. Here, we explored the role of IMFs in CAC and sought to identify candidate genes as novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of CAC. METHODS We used the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model for dysplasia and CAC. Flow cytometry and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed to obtain an unbiased gene expression profile of IMFs. The transcriptome of significantly differentially expressed genes was analyzed by RNA-seq, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Comparison of normal intestinal fibroblasts and IMFs revealed 1045 genes with significantly differential expression. Among them, we focused on tenascin-C (TNC; q = 0.00232, Log2(Fold Change) = 3.87). Tenascin-C gene expression was markedly increased in the dysplasia model compared with control and CAC model (P < 0.05). Tenascin-C protein was barely expressed in normal and nondysplastic mucosa but strongly expressed in the stroma around dysplastic lesions. Moreover, TNC surrounded and enclosed integrin αvβ3-positive microvessels. Administration of ATN-161, an antagonist of αvβ3-integrin, significantly suppressed tumorigenesis of CAC through inhibition of angiogenesis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the early stages of CAC, TNC produced by IMFs affects tumor development via integrin αvβ3-mediated angiogenesis. Intestinal myofibroblasts might be a novel therapeutic target for preventing CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kawamura
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yamamoto
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Katsunori Suzuki
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuhi Suzuki
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Megumu Kamishima
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mayu Sakata
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kurachi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setoh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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19
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Inhibition of HGF/MET signaling decreases overall tumor burden and blocks malignant conversion in Tpl2-related skin cancer. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:1. [PMID: 30631034 PMCID: PMC6328619 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family of serine/threonine kinases. Deletion of the Tpl2 gene is associated with a significantly higher number of papillomas and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs). Overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor MET is abundant in cSCC and can lead to increased proliferation, migration, invasion or resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The aim of this study was to address whether the increased tumor burden in Tpl2−/− mice is due to aberrant HGF/MET signaling. C57Bl/6 wild type (WT) and Tpl2−/− mice were subjected to a two-stage chemical carcinogenesis protocol for one year. At the time of promotion half of the mice received 44 mg/kg capmatinib (INC 280), a pharmacological inihibitor of MET, in their diet. Tpl2−/− mice had signficantly higher tumor incidence and overall tumor burden compared to WT mice. Further, carcinogen-intiated Tpl2−/− mice could bypass the need for promotion, as 89% of Tpl2−/− mice given only DMBA developed papillomas. v-rasHa -transduced keratinocytes and SCCs from Tpl2−/− mice revealed an upregulation in HGF and p-MET signaling compared to WT animals. Long-term capmatinib treatment had no adverse effects in mice and capmatinib-fed Tpl2−/− mice had a 60% reduction in overall tumor burden. Further, no tumors from Tpl2−/− mice fed capmatinib underwent malignant conversion. In summary targeting MET may be a potential new strategy to combat cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas that result from dysregulation in MAPK signaling.
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20
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Hypoxia potentiates monocyte-derived dendritic cells for release of tumor necrosis factor α via MAP3K8. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20182019. [PMID: 30463908 PMCID: PMC6294625 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) constantly sample peripheral tissues for antigens, which are subsequently ingested to derive peptides for presentation to T cells in lymph nodes. To do so, DCs have to traverse many different tissues with varying oxygen tensions. Additionally, DCs are often exposed to low oxygen tensions in tumors, where vascularization is lacking, as well as in inflammatory foci, where oxygen is rapidly consumed by inflammatory cells during the respiratory burst. DCs respond to oxygen levels to tailor immune responses to such low-oxygen environments. In the present study, we identified a mechanism of hypoxia-mediated potentiation of release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine with important roles in both anti-cancer immunity and autoimmune disease. We show in human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) that this potentiation is controlled exclusively via the p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. We identified MAPK kinase kinase 8 (MAP3K8) as a target gene of hypoxia-induced factor (HIF), a transcription factor controlled by oxygen tension, upstream of the p38/MAPK pathway. Hypoxia increased expression of MAP3K8 concomitant with the potentiation of TNF-α secretion. This potentiation was no longer observed upon siRNA silencing of MAP3K8 or with a small molecule inhibitor of this kinase, and this also decreased p38/MAPK phosphorylation. However, expression of DC maturation markers CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR were not changed by hypoxia. Since DCs play an important role in controlling T-cell activation and differentiation, our results provide novel insight in understanding T-cell responses in inflammation, cancer, autoimmune disease and other diseases where hypoxia is involved.
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21
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O'Reilly LA, Putoczki TL, Mielke LA, Low JT, Lin A, Preaudet A, Herold MJ, Yaprianto K, Tai L, Kueh A, Pacini G, Ferrero RL, Gugasyan R, Hu Y, Christie M, Wilcox S, Grumont R, Griffin MDW, O'Connor L, Smyth GK, Ernst M, Waring P, Gerondakis S, Strasser A. Loss of NF-κB1 Causes Gastric Cancer with Aberrant Inflammation and Expression of Immune Checkpoint Regulators in a STAT-1-Dependent Manner. Immunity 2018; 48:570-583.e8. [PMID: 29562203 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in NFKB1 that diminish its expression have been linked to human inflammatory diseases and increased risk for epithelial cancers. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, and the link is perplexing given that NF-κB signaling reportedly typically exerts pro-tumorigenic activity. Here we have shown that NF-κB1 deficiency, even loss of a single allele, resulted in spontaneous invasive gastric cancer (GC) in mice that mirrored the histopathological progression of human intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Bone marrow chimeras revealed that NF-κB1 exerted tumor suppressive functions in both epithelial and hematopoietic cells. RNA-seq analysis showed that NF-κB1 deficiency resulted in aberrant JAK-STAT signaling, which dysregulated expression of effectors of inflammation, antigen presentation, and immune checkpoints. Concomitant loss of STAT1 prevented these immune abnormalities and GC development. These findings provide mechanistic insight into how polymorphisms that attenuate NFKB1 expression predispose humans to epithelial cancers, highlighting the pro-tumorigenic activity of STAT1 and identifying targetable vulnerabilities in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine A O'Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lisa A Mielke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jun T Low
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ann Lin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Adele Preaudet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelvin Yaprianto
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Lin Tai
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Guido Pacini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Raffi Gugasyan
- Healthy Ageing, Life Sciences Discipline, The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Yifang Hu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Christie
- Centre for Translational Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen Wilcox
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Raelene Grumont
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Liam O'Connor
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mathias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Paul Waring
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Gerondakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Cellular Interactions in the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 67:19-26. [PMID: 30242440 PMCID: PMC6434028 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are one of the most actively cycling cells in a mammalian organism and therefore are prone to malignant transformation. Already during organogenesis, the connective tissue (mesenchyme) provides instructive signals for the epithelium. In an adult organism, the mesenchyme is believed to provide crucial regulatory signals for the maintenance and regeneration of epithelial cells. Here, we discuss the role of intestinal myofibroblasts, α-smooth muscle actin-positive stromal (mesenchymal) cells, as an important regulatory part of the intestinal stem cell niche. Better understanding of the cross-talk between myofibroblasts and the epithelium in the intestine has implications for advances in regenerative medicine, and improved therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal fibrosis and colorectal cancer.
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23
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TPL2 Is a Key Regulator of Intestinal Inflammation in Clostridium difficile Infection. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00095-18. [PMID: 29844241 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00095-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is a major inflammatory mediator in immune cells. The predominant inflammatory actions of TPL2 depend on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and the upregulated production of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in macrophages and dendritic cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Significant increases in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-β, and IL-8 levels in patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) have been reported. Both TNF-α and IL-6 have been postulated to play key roles in the systemic inflammatory response in CDI, and IL-8 is essential for the development of local intestinal inflammatory responses in CDI. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of TPL2 in the pathogenesis of CDI. We found that TPL2 was significantly activated in human and mouse intestinal tissues upon C. difficile toxin exposure or CDI. We further demonstrated that TPL2 knockout (TPL2-KO) mice were significantly more resistant to CDI than wild-type mice, with significantly reduced production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, KC (a mouse homologue of IL-8), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the ceca and colons of TPL2-KO mice. Finally, we found that TPL2 inhibition by a specific inhibitor or TPL2 gene ablation significantly reduced TcdB-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-β, and KC by inhibiting the activation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Taken together, our data suggest that TPL2 represents a potential therapeutic target for CDI treatment.
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Alsina-Beauchamp D, Escós A, Fajardo P, González-Romero D, Díaz-Mora E, Risco A, Martín-Serrano MA, Del Fresno C, Dominguez-Andrés J, Aparicio N, Zur R, Shpiro N, Brown GD, Ardavín C, Netea MG, Alemany S, Sanz-Ezquerro JJ, Cuenda A. Myeloid cell deficiency of p38γ/p38δ protects against candidiasis and regulates antifungal immunity. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8485. [PMID: 29661910 PMCID: PMC5938613 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a frequent aetiologic agent of sepsis associated with high mortality in immunocompromised patients. Developing new antifungal therapies is a medical need due to the low efficiency and resistance to current antifungal drugs. Here, we show that p38γ and p38δ regulate the innate immune response to C. albicans We describe a new TAK1-TPL2-MKK1-ERK1/2 pathway in macrophages, which is activated by Dectin-1 engagement and positively regulated by p38γ/p38δ. In mice, p38γ/p38δ deficiency protects against C. albicans infection by increasing ROS and iNOS production and thus the antifungal capacity of neutrophils and macrophages, and by decreasing the hyper-inflammation that leads to severe host damage. Leucocyte recruitment to infected kidneys and production of inflammatory mediators are decreased in p38γ/δ-null mice, reducing septic shock. p38γ/p38δ in myeloid cells are critical for this effect. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of p38γ/p38δ in mice reduces fungal burden, revealing that these p38MAPKs may be therapeutic targets for treating C. albicans infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Escós
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Fajardo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego González-Romero
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Díaz-Mora
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Risco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Del Fresno
- Immunobiology of Inflammation Laboratory Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Dominguez-Andrés
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Aparicio
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafal Zur
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Shpiro
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Sir James Black Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Carlos Ardavín
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Alemany
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Tanabe Y, Sasaki S, Mukaida N, Baba T. Blockade of the chemokine receptor, CCR5, reduces the growth of orthotopically injected colon cancer cells via limiting cancer-associated fibroblast accumulation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48335-48345. [PMID: 27340784 PMCID: PMC5217021 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) accumulate at tumor sites through the interaction between a chemokine, CCL3, and its receptor, CCR5, in the late phase of colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis. Here we examined the effect of a CCR5 antagonist, maraviroc, on tumor growth arising from the orthotopic injection of mouse or human colon cancer cell lines into the cecal wall by focusing on CAFs. Orthotopic injection of either cell line caused tumor formation together with leukocyte infiltration and fibroblast accumulation. Concomitant oral administration of maraviroc reduced tumor formation with few effects on leukocyte infiltration. In contrast, maraviroc reduced the intratumor number of α-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts, which express epidermal growth factor, a crucial growth factor for colon cancer cell growth. These observations suggest that maraviroc or other CCR5 antagonists might act as novel anti-CRC drugs to dampen CAFs, an essential cell component for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Tanabe
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Soichiro Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Baba
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Hepatocyte Growth Factor, a Key Tumor-Promoting Factor in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040035. [PMID: 28420162 PMCID: PMC5406710 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumor development and progression. Stromal cells secrete growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins which promote growth, survival and metastatic spread of cancer cells. Fibroblasts are the predominant constituent of the tumor stroma and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), the specific ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor c-MET, is a major component of their secretome. Indeed, cancer-associated fibroblasts have been shown to promote growth, survival and migration of cancer cells in an HGF-dependent manner. Fibroblasts also confer resistance to anti-cancer therapy through HGF-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of pro-survival signaling pathways such as ERK and AKT in tumor cells. Constitutive HGF/MET signaling in cancer cells is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and predicts poor outcome in cancer patients. Due to its role in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance, both HGF and MET have emerged as valid therapeutic targets. Several inhibitors of MET and HGF are currently being tested in clinical trials. Preclinical data provide a strong indication that inhibitors of HGF/MET signaling overcome both primary and acquired resistance to EGFR, HER2, and BRAF targeting agents. These findings support the notion that co-targeting of cancer cells and stromal cells is required to prevent therapeutic resistance and to increase the overall survival rate of cancer patients. HGF dependence has emerged as a hallmark of therapeutic resistance, suggesting that inhibitors of biological activity of HGF should be included into therapeutic regimens of cancer patients.
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Koliaraki V, Pallangyo CK, Greten FR, Kollias G. Mesenchymal Cells in Colon Cancer. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:964-979. [PMID: 28111227 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells in the intestine comprise a variety of cell types of diverse origins, functions, and molecular markers. They provide mechanical and structural support and have important functions during intestinal organogenesis, morphogenesis, and homeostasis. Recent studies of the human transcriptome have revealed their importance in the development of colorectal cancer, and studies from animal models have provided evidence for their roles in the pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer and sporadic colorectal cancer. Mesenchymal cells in tumors, called cancer-associated fibroblasts, arise via activation of resident mesenchymal cell populations and the recruitment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and fibrocytes. Cancer-associated fibroblasts have a variety of activities that promote colon tumor development and progression; these include regulation of intestinal inflammation, epithelial proliferation, stem cell maintenance, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and metastasis. We review the intestinal mesenchymal cell-specific pathways that regulate these processes, with a focus on their roles in mediating interactions between inflammation and carcinogenesis. We also discuss how increasing our understanding of intestinal mesenchymal cell biology and function could lead to new strategies to identify and treat colitis-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles K Pallangyo
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, School of Medicine, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Florian R Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - George Kollias
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Greece; Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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miR-589-5p inhibits MAP3K8 and suppresses CD90 + cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:176. [PMID: 27835990 PMCID: PMC5106831 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are important in the tumorigenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles regulating CD133+ and EpCAM+ CSCs in HCC, although it is unclear whether miRNAs regulate CD90+ CSCs in HCC. METHODS The miRNA profiles of CD90+ and CD90- HCC cells were analyzed using a miRNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). CSC characteristics were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot of pluripotency-associated genes, clone and sphere formation assay, transwell migration assay, and nude mice tumorigenicity assay. miR-589-5p mimic transfection was used to overexpress miR-589-5p in vitro. The CD90 and miR-589-5p expressions of HCC samples were detected by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS miR-589-5p and miR-33b-5p were down-regulated in CD90+ cells. Overexpression of miR-589-5p suppressed CD90+ CSC characteristics such as Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog expression, a high likelihood of forming cell spheres, high invasiveness and high tumorigenicity. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-589-5p directly binds to the 3'-untranslated region of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 (MAP3K8) mRNA, and exogenous miR-589-5p down-regulated MAP3K8 expression. In addition, siRNA inhibition of MAP3K8 also suppressed CD90+ CSC characteristics, even in the absence of miR-589-5p overexpression. In HCC tissues, miR-589-5p expression was inversely correlated with CD90 expression, and high CD90 expression and low miR-589-5p expression were positively correlated with vascular invasion and recurrence and significantly decreased disease-free and overall survival by clinical analysis. CONCLUSION In HCC, miR-589-5p down-regulates the stemness characteristics of CD90+ CSCs in part by silencing MAP3K8. CD90 and miR-589-5p expression predict HCC outcomes and might be novel molecular targets for HCC treatment.
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Shi C, Yang Y, Xia Y, Okugawa Y, Yang J, Liang Y, Chen H, Zhang P, Wang F, Han H, Wu W, Gao R, Gasche C, Qin H, Ma Y, Goel A. Novel evidence for an oncogenic role of microRNA-21 in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Gut 2016; 65:1470-81. [PMID: 25994220 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE miR-21 was found to be overexpressed in the colon tissues and serum of patients with UC and colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the exact roles of miR-21 in colitis-associated CRC remain unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the biological mechanisms of miR-21 in colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). DESIGN miR-21 expression was examined in the tumours of 62 patients with CRC from China and 37 colitis-associated neoplastic tissues from Japan and Austria. The biological functions of miR-21 were studied using a series of in vitro, in vivo and clinical approaches. RESULTS miR-21 levels were markedly upregulated in the tumours of 62 patients with CRC, 22 patients with CAC, and in a mouse model of CAC. Following azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium intervention, miR-21-knockout mice showed reduced expression of proinflammatory and procarcinogenic cytokines (interleukin (IL) 6, IL-23, IL-17A and IL-21) and a decrease in the size and number of tumours compared with the control mouse group. The absence of miR-21 resulted in the reduced expression of Ki67 and the attenuated proliferation of tumour cells with a simultaneous increase in E-cadherin and decrease in β-catenin and SOX9 in the tumours of CAC mice. Furthermore, the absence of miR-21 increased the expression of its target gene PDCD4 and subsequently modulated nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. Meanwhile, miR-21 loss reduced STAT3 and Bcl-2 activation, causing an increase in the apoptosis of tumour cells in CAC mice. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide novel evidence for miR-21 blockade to be a key strategy in reducing CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhang Shi
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongqi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huazhong Han
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renyuan Gao
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 4, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Kannan Y, Perez-Lloret J, Li Y, Entwistle LJ, Khoury H, Papoutsopoulou S, Mahmood R, Mansour NR, Ching-Cheng Huang S, Pearce EJ, Pedro S. de Carvalho L, Ley SC, Wilson MS. TPL-2 Regulates Macrophage Lipid Metabolism and M2 Differentiation to Control TH2-Mediated Immunopathology. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005783. [PMID: 27487182 PMCID: PMC4972396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent TH2 cytokine responses following chronic helminth infections can often lead to the development of tissue pathology and fibrotic scarring. Despite a good understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in fibrogenesis, there are very few therapeutic options available, highlighting a significant medical need and gap in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TH2-mediated immunopathology. In this study, we found that the Map3 kinase, TPL-2 (Map3k8; Cot) regulated TH2-mediated intestinal, hepatic and pulmonary immunopathology following Schistosoma mansoni infection or S. mansoni egg injection. Elevated inflammation, TH2 cell responses and exacerbated fibrosis in Map3k8–/–mice was observed in mice with myeloid cell-specific (LysM) deletion of Map3k8, but not CD4 cell-specific deletion of Map3k8, indicating that TPL-2 regulated myeloid cell function to limit TH2-mediated immunopathology. Transcriptional and metabolic assays of Map3k8–/–M2 macrophages identified that TPL-2 was required for lipolysis, M2 macrophage activation and the expression of a variety of genes involved in immuno-regulatory and pro-fibrotic pathways. Taken together this study identified that TPL-2 regulated TH2-mediated inflammation by supporting lipolysis and M2 macrophage activation, preventing TH2 cell expansion and downstream immunopathology and fibrosis. Chronic helminth infections can cause significant morbidity and organ damage in their definitive mammalian hosts. Managing this collateral damage can reduce morbidity and preserve vital tissues for normal organ function. One particular consequence of some chronic helminth infections is the deposition of fibrotic scar tissue, following immune responses directed towards helminth material. In this study we tested the role of a particular signalling kinase, TPL-2, and identified that it critically regulated the magnitude of fibrotic scarring following infection. Using several murine models with genetic deletions of TPL-2 in either all cells or specific deletion in subsets of immune cells (Map3k8–/–Map3k8fl/fl) we identified that expression of TPL-2 in myeloid cells was essential to prevent severe immune-mediated pathology. Using genome-wide analyses and metabolic assays, we discovered that TPL-2 was required for normal lipid metabolism and appropriate activation of myeloid cells / macrophages to limit fibrosis. These results revealed a previously unappreciated role for TPL-2 in preventing severe pathology following infection. Thus, activating this pathway may limit immune mediated pathology following chronic helminth infection. More broadly, this pathway is being targeted to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer [1, 2]. This study would suggest that caution should be taken to prevent untoward co-morbidities and fibrosis-related pathologies in patients when targeting TPL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashaswini Kannan
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimena Perez-Lloret
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanda Li
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis J. Entwistle
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hania Khoury
- Mycobacterial Metabolism and Antibiotic Research Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Radma Mahmood
- Experimental Histopathology, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nuha R. Mansour
- Department of Infection and Immunity, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Pearce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Luiz Pedro S. de Carvalho
- Mycobacterial Metabolism and Antibiotic Research Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C. Ley
- Immune Cell Signaling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Wilson
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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31
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Mukaida N, Sasaki S. Fibroblasts, an inconspicuous but essential player in colon cancer development and progression. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5301-5316. [PMID: 27340347 PMCID: PMC4910652 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments have a crucial role in cancer initiation and progression, and share many molecular and pathological features with wound healing process. Unless treated, tumors, however, do not heal in contrast to wounds that heal within a limited time framework. Wounds heal in coordination of a myriad of types of cells, particularly endothelial cells, leukocytes, and fibroblasts. Similar sets of cells also contribute to cancer initiation and progression, and as a consequence, anti-cancer treatment strategies have been proposed and tested by targeting endothelial cells and/or leukocytes. Compared with endothelial cells and leukocytes, less attention has been paid to the roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), fibroblasts present in tumor tissues, because their heterogeneity hinders the elucidation on them at cellular and molecular levels. Here, we will discuss the origin of CAFs and their crucial roles in cancer initiation and progression, and the possibility to develop a novel type of anti-cancer treatment by manipulating the migration and functions of CAFs.
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Roulis M, Flavell RA. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts of the intestinal lamina propria in physiology and disease. Differentiation 2016; 92:116-131. [PMID: 27165847 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this Review we summarize our current understanding of the biology of mesenchymal cells of the intestinal lamina propria focusing mainly on fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. The topics covered include 1) the embryonic origin of mesenchymal cells of the intestinal lamina propria and their heterogeneity in adults, 2) the role of the mesenchyme in intestinal development, 3) the physiological function of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in adults as part of the intestinal stem cell niche and the mucosal immune system and 4) the involvement of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in epithelial homeostasis upon injury and in the pathogenesis of diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, fibrosis and cancer. We emphasize studies addressing the function of intestinal mesenchymal cells in vivo, and also discuss major open questions and current challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Roulis
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Subramaniam R, Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E. Mechanistic roles of epithelial and immune cell signaling during the development of colitis-associated cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:1-21. [PMID: 27110580 DOI: 10.17980/2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To date, substantial evidence has shown a significant association between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and development of colitis-associated cancer (CAC). The incidence/prevalence of IBD is higher in western countries including the US, Australia, and the UK. Although CAC development is generally characterized by stepwise accumulation of genetic as well as epigenetic changes, precise mechanisms of how chronic inflammation leads to the development of CAC are largely unknown. Preceding intestinal inflammation is one of the major influential factors for CAC tumorigenesis. Mucosal immune responses including activation of aberrant signaling pathways both in innate and adaptive immune cells play a pivotal role in CAC. Tumor progression and metastasis are shaped by a tightly controlled tumor microenvironment which is orchestrated by several immune cells and stromal cells including macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells, T cells, and myofibroblasts. In this article, we will discuss the contributing factors of epithelial as well as immune cell signaling in initiation of CAC tumorigenesis and mucosal immune regulatory factors in the colonic tumor microenvironment. In depth understanding of these factors is necessary to develop novel anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapies for CAC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Subramaniam
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Emiko Mizoguchi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan; Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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35
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Pallangyo CK, Ziegler PK, Greten FR. IKKβ acts as a tumor suppressor in cancer-associated fibroblasts during intestinal tumorigenesis. J Exp Med 2015; 212:2253-66. [PMID: 26621452 PMCID: PMC4689166 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pallangyo et al. report that fibroblast-specific IKKβ deletion in Col1a2Cre-ERT2 mice promotes AOM/DSS-induced intestinal tumorigenesis, suggesting a tumor suppressor role for this kinase. In contrast, a companion study by Koliaraki et al. based on IKKβ deletion in ColVI-expressing intestinal mesenchymal cells suggests a role for IKKβ in promoting intestinal tumorigenesis. The two studies raise the awareness that in the context of tumorigenesis, IKKβ/NF-κB may have distinct functions in different fibroblast subpopulations. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) comprise one of the most important cell types in the tumor microenvironment. A proinflammatory NF-κB gene signature in CAFs has been suggested to promote tumorigenesis in models of pancreatic and mammary skin cancer. Using an autochthonous model of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and sporadic cancer, we now provide evidence for a tumor-suppressive function of IKKβ/NF-κB in CAFs. Fibroblast-restricted deletion of Ikkβ stimulates intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, suppresses tumor cell death, enhances accumulation of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and induces angiogenesis, ultimately promoting colonic tumor growth. In Ikkβ-deficient fibroblasts, transcription of negative regulators of TGFβ signaling, including Smad7 and Smurf1, is impaired, causing up-regulation of a TGFβ gene signature and elevated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion. Overexpression of Smad7 in Ikkβ-deficient fibroblasts prevents HGF secretion, and pharmacological inhibition of Met during the CAC model confirms that enhanced tumor promotion is dependent on HGF–Met signaling in mucosa of Ikkβ-mutant animals. Collectively, these results highlight an unexpected tumor suppressive function of IKKβ/NF-κB in CAFs linked to HGF release and raise potential concerns about the use of IKK inhibitors in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Pallangyo
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paul K Ziegler
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian R Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Koliaraki V, Pasparakis M, Kollias G. IKKβ in intestinal mesenchymal cells promotes initiation of colitis-associated cancer. J Exp Med 2015; 212:2235-51. [PMID: 26621453 PMCID: PMC4683996 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Koliaraki et al. report that IKKβ deletion in ColVI-expressing intestinal mesenchymal cells protects mice against inflammation-induced intestinal carcinogenesis. In contrast, a companion study by Pallangyo et al. shows that deletion of IKKβ by the Col1a2CreER promoter in intestinal fibroblasts leads to increased colitis-induced tumorigenesis. The two studies suggest that targeting IKKβ in different fibroblast populations by using different promoters might have opposite outcomes in intestinal cancer. The importance of mesenchymal cells in inflammation and/or neoplastic transformation is well recognized, but their role in the initiation of these processes, particularly in the intestine, remains elusive. Using mouse models of colorectal cancer, we show that IKKβ in intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs) is critically involved in colitis-associated, but not spontaneous tumorigenesis. We further demonstrate that IMC-specific IKKβ is involved in the initiation of colitis-associated cancer (CAC), as in its absence mice develop reduced immune cell infiltration, epithelial cell proliferation, and dysplasia at the early stages of the disease. At the molecular level, these effects are associated with decreased early production of proinflammatory and protumorigenic mediators, including IL-6, and reduced STAT3 activation. Ex vivo IKKβ-deficient IMCs show defective responses to innate immune stimuli such as LPS, as shown by decreased NF-κB signaling and reduced expression of important NF-κB target genes. Collectively, our results reveal a hitherto unknown role of mesenchymal IKKβ in driving inflammation and enabling carcinogenesis in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Koliaraki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672 Vari, Greece
| | | | - George Kollias
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672 Vari, Greece Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Li X, Liu C, Ip BC, Hu KQ, Smith DE, Greenberg AS, Wang XD. Tumor progression locus 2 ablation suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma development by inhibiting hepatic inflammation and steatosis in mice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:138. [PMID: 26560698 PMCID: PMC4642781 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), a serine-threonine kinase, functions as a critical regulator of inflammatory pathways and mediates oncogenic events. The potential role of Tpl2 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains unknown. Methods Both wild-type and Tpl2 knockout male mice were initiated by a hepatic carcinogen (diethylnitrosamine, i.p. with a single dose of 25 mg.kg−1)at 2 weeks of age, and then were given the high carbohydrate diet feeding to induce hepatic steatosis, inflammation, adenoma and HCC for 24 weeks. Results Tpl2 knockout mice had significantly lower incidences of liver tumor and developed hepatocellular adenoma only, which is contrast to wild-type mice where they all developed HCC. Tpl2 knockout mice had significantly down-regulated phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, and levels of mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il-1β, Il-18, Mcp-1 and Nalp3), which correlated with the reduced incidence and number of hepatic inflammatory foci. Furthermore, Tpl2 ablation resulted in decreased hepatic steatosis and expression of de novo lipogenesis related markers (ACC, SCD1, SREBP1C and AKT phosphorylation), as well as reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress biomarkers PERK and eIF-2a. Conclusion The study revealed for the first time that Tpl2 plays a significant role in promoting HCC development by its pro-inflammatory effect, which suggested that Tpl2 could be a molecular target for HCC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Li
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Blanche C Ip
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Kang-Quan Hu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Greenberg
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Mao S, Zhang J. The emerging role of hepatocyte growth factor in renal diseases. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:303-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1080275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Koltsova EK, Grivennikov SI. IMPlicating Mesenchymal Imp1 in Colitis-Associated Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1452-4. [PMID: 26452664 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and associated pathways are significant facilitators of many disease states, including malignancies. In the context of cancer, fibroblasts can actively regulate both inflammation and carcinogenesis. In this issue, Hamilton and colleagues describe a fibroblast-specific role of the RNA binding protein Imp1 in suppression of intestinal inflammatory responses and development of colitis-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina K Koltsova
- Blood Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergei I Grivennikov
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Hamilton KE, Chatterji P, Lundsmith ET, Andres SF, Giroux V, Hicks PD, Noubissi FK, Spiegelman VS, Rustgi AK. Loss of Stromal IMP1 Promotes a Tumorigenic Microenvironment in the Colon. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1478-86. [PMID: 26194191 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The colon tumor microenvironment is becoming increasingly recognized as a complex but central player in the development of many cancers. Previously, we identified an oncogenic role for the mRNA-binding protein IMP1 (IGF2BP1) in the epithelium during colon tumorigenesis. In the current study, we reveal the contribution of stromal IMP1 in the context of colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis. Interestingly, stromal deletion of Imp1 (Dermo1Cre;Imp1(LoxP/LoxP), or Imp1(ΔMes)) in the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) model of colitis-associated cancer resulted in increased tumor numbers of larger size and more advanced histologic grade than controls. In addition, Imp1(ΔMes) mice exhibited a global increase in protumorigenic microenvironment factors, including enhanced inflammation and stromal components. Evaluation of purified mesenchyme from AOM/DSS-treated Imp1(ΔMes) mice demonstrated an increase in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which has not been associated with regulation via IMP1. Genetic knockdown of Imp1 in human primary fibroblasts confirmed an increase in HGF with Imp1 loss, demonstrating a specific, cell-autonomous role for Imp1 loss to increase HGF expression. Taken together, these data demonstrate a novel tumor-suppressive role for IMP1 in colon stromal cells and underscore an exquisite, context-specific function for mRNA-binding proteins, such as IMP1, in disease states. IMPLICATIONS The tumor-suppressive role of stromal IMP1 and its ability to modulate protumorigenic factors suggest that IMP1 status is important for the initiation and growth of epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Priya Chatterji
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emma T Lundsmith
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah F Andres
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Veronique Giroux
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Philip D Hicks
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Felicite K Noubissi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvaia State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Pennsylvaia State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Vladimir S Spiegelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvaia State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Pennsylvaia State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Owens BMJ. Inflammation, Innate Immunity, and the Intestinal Stromal Cell Niche: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Immunol 2015; 6:319. [PMID: 26150817 PMCID: PMC4471728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells of multiple tissues contribute to immune-mediated protective responses and, conversely, the pathological tissue changes associated with chronic inflammatory disease. However, unlike hematopoietic immune cells, tissue stromal cell populations remain poorly characterized with respect to specific surface marker expression, their ontogeny, self-renewal, and proliferative capacity within tissues and the extent to which they undergo phenotypic immunological changes during the course of an infectious or inflammatory insult. Extending our knowledge of the immunological features of stromal cells provides an exciting opportunity to further dissect the underlying biology of many important immune-mediated diseases, although several challenges remain in bringing the emerging field of stromal immunology to equivalence with the study of the hematopoietic immune cell compartment. This review highlights recent studies that have begun unraveling the complexity of tissue stromal cell function in immune responses, with a focus on the intestine, and proposes strategies for the development of the field to uncover the great potential for stromal immunology to contribute to our understanding of the fundamental pathophysiology of disease, and the opening of new therapeutic avenues in multiple chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M J Owens
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK ; Somerville College, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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Primary Myofibroblasts Maintain Short-Term Viability following Submucosal Injection in Syngeneic, Immune-Competent Mice Utilizing Murine Colonoscopy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127258. [PMID: 26016485 PMCID: PMC4445916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The myofibroblast is an important stromal cell of the gastrointestinal tract. Current in vitro and in vivo models either do not accurately recreate stromal-epithelial interactions or are not specific to myofibroblasts. We sought to create an animal model that would allow the study of myofibroblast-epithelial interactions. We isolated and cultured colonic myofibroblasts from FVB mice. Cells were α-SMA and vimentin positive but desmin negative on immunoblot analysis. We injected the myofibroblasts into the colonic submucosa of syngeneic adult mice (n = 8) via a miniendoscopic system. We then isolated green fluorescent protein (GFP) positive colonic myofibroblasts from C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)1Osb/J mice and injected them into the colonic lamina propria of C57BL/6J mice at 1x105 (n = 14), 1x106 (n = 9), or 5x106 cells/mL (n = 4). A subset of mice were injected with serum-free media and ink without cells (n = 3). Mice underwent repeat endoscopy and euthanasia one or 7 days after injection. Colons were isolated and either fixed in 10% formalin or the inked sites were individually excised and lysed for DNA. We assessed the injection sites via histology and immunohistochemical stains for α-SMA and GFP. We used qPCR to quantify GFP DNA transcripts at the lamina propria injection sites. Submucosal injection of myofibroblasts resulted in the formation of a subepithelial wheal on endoscopy, which persisted to day 7. Myofibroblasts injected either into the submucosa or lamina propria maintained viability on post-injection day 7 as evidenced by positive α-SMA staining. qPCR of lamina propria injections showed a dose-dependent increase in GFP DNA transcripts on post-injection day 1, whereas the number of transcripts on day 7 was equivalent for the concentrations injected. We demonstrate short-term survival of primary cultured colonic myofibroblasts in syngeneic mice. This may prove to be a valuable model for studying the role of myofibroblasts in states of health and disease.
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Tumor progression locus 2 differentially regulates IFNγ and IL-17 production by effector CD4+ T cells in a T cell transfer model of colitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119885. [PMID: 25781948 PMCID: PMC4363566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are approaching epidemic levels, estimated to affect 5–8% of the population. A number of autoimmune diseases are believed to be driven by autoreactive T cells, specifically by T helper 1 (Th1) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. One molecule gaining interest as a therapeutic target is the serine-threonine kinase, Tpl2, which promotes expression of proinflammatory mediators. We previously demonstrated that Tpl2 regulates Th1 differentiation, secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IFNγ, and host defense against the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The goal of this study was to determine whether Tpl2 also regulates Th1 or Th17 differentiation in vivo in a model of colitis associated with mixed Th1/Th17 pathology. In vitro, Tpl2−/− naïve CD4 T cells were significantly impaired in IL-17A secretion under traditional Th17 inducing conditions. Reduced IL-17A secretion correlated with increased expression of FoxP3, a transcription factor known to antagonize RORγt function. In a murine T cell transfer model of colitis, transfer of Tpl2−/− T cells resulted in reduced proportions of CD4 T cells expressing IFNγ, but not IL-17A, compared to that induced by wild type T cells. Further studies revealed that IL-17A differentiation induced by IL-6 and IL-23, cytokines implicated in driving Th17 differentiation in vivo, was unaffected by Tpl2 deficiency. Collectively, these results implicate Tpl2 in TGF-β-induced FoxP3 expression. Additionally, they underscore the contribution of Tpl2 to Th1 immunopathology specifically, which suggests that Tpl2 inhibitors may selectively target Th1-based inflammation.
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Lee HW, Choi HY, Joo KM, Nam DH. Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) kinase as a novel therapeutic target for cancer: double-sided effects of Tpl2 on cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4471-91. [PMID: 25723737 PMCID: PMC4394431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase (MAP3K) that conveys various intra- and extra-cellular stimuli to effector proteins of cells provoking adequate adoptive responses. Recent studies have elucidated that Tpl2 is an indispensable signal transducer as an MAP3K family member in diverse signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, survival, and death. Since tumorigenesis results from dysregulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, Tpl2 participates in many decisive molecular processes of tumor development and progression. Moreover, Tpl2 is closely associated with cytokine release of inflammatory cells, which has crucial effects on not only tumor cells but also tumor microenvironments. These critical roles of Tpl2 in human cancers make it an attractive anti-cancer therapeutic target. However, Tpl2 contradictorily works as a tumor suppressor in some cancers. The double-sided effects of Tpl2 originate from the specific upstream and downstream signaling environment of each tumor, since Tpl2 interacts with various signaling components. This review summarizes recent studies concerning the possible roles of Tpl2 in human cancers and considers its possibility as a therapeutic target, against which novel anti-cancer agents could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 135-710 Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 135-710 Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 135-710 Seoul, Korea.
| | - Han Yong Choi
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 135-710 Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kyeung Min Joo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 135-710 Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 135-710 Seoul, Korea.
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 135-710 Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 135-710 Seoul, Korea.
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Intestinal myofibroblast-specific Tpl2-Cox-2-PGE2 pathway links innate sensing to epithelial homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4658-67. [PMID: 25316791 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1415762111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus-2 (Tpl2) kinase is a major inflammatory mediator in immune cell types recently found to be genetically associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Here we show that Tpl2 may exert a dominant homeostatic rather than inflammatory function in the intestine mediated specifically by subepithelial intestinal myofibroblasts (IMFs). Mice with complete or IMF-specific Tpl2 ablation are highly susceptible to epithelial injury-induced colitis showing impaired compensatory proliferation in crypts and extensive ulcerations without significant changes in inflammatory responses. Following epithelial injury, IMFs sense innate or inflammatory signals and activate, via Tpl2, the cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2)-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway, which we show here to be essential for the epithelial homeostatic response. Exogenous PGE2 administration rescues mice with complete or IMF-specific Tpl2 ablation from defects in crypt function and susceptibility to colitis. We also show that Tpl2 expression is decreased in IMFs isolated from the inflamed ileum of IBD patients indicating that Tpl2 function in IMFs may be highly relevant to human disease. The IMF-mediated mechanism we propose also involves the IBD-associated genes IL1R1, MAPK1, and the PGE2 receptor-encoding PTGER4. Our results establish a previously unidentified myofibroblast-specific innate pathway that regulates intestinal homeostasis and may underlie IBD susceptibility in humans.
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del Reino P, Alsina-Beauchamp D, Escós A, Cerezo-Guisado MI, Risco A, Aparicio N, Zur R, Fernandez-Estévez M, Collantes E, Montans J, Cuenda A. Pro-Oncogenic Role of Alternative p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases p38γ and p38δ, Linking Inflammation and Cancer in Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6150-60. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Physical and functional interaction of the TPL2 kinase with nucleophosmin. Oncogene 2014; 34:2516-26. [PMID: 24998852 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor Progression Locus 2 (TPL2) is widely recognized as a cytoplasmic mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase with a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory and oncogenic signal transduction. Herein we report that TPL2 may also operate in the nucleus as a physical and functional partner of nucleophosmin (NPM/B23), a major nucleolar phosphoprotein with diverse cellular activities linked to malignancy. We demonstrate that TPL2 mediates the phosphorylation of a fraction of NPM at threonine 199, an event required for its proteasomal degradation and maintenance of steady-state NPM levels. Upon exposure to ultraviolet C, Tpl2 is required for the translocation of de-phosphorylated NPM from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm. NPM is an endogenous inhibitor of HDM2:p53 interaction and knockdown of TPL2 was found to result in reduced binding of NPM to HDM2, with concomitant defects in p53 accumulation following genotoxic or ribosomal stress. These findings expand our understanding of the function of TPL2 as a negative regulator of carcinogenesis by defining a nuclear role for this kinase in the topological sequestration of NPM, linking p53 signaling to the generation of threonine 199-phosphorylated NPM.
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Basilico C, Hultberg A, Blanchetot C, de Jonge N, Festjens E, Hanssens V, Osepa SI, De Boeck G, Mira A, Cazzanti M, Morello V, Dreier T, Saunders M, de Haard H, Michieli P. Four individually druggable MET hotspots mediate HGF-driven tumor progression. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3172-86. [PMID: 24865428 DOI: 10.1172/jci72316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of MET by HGF plays a key role in tumor progression. Using a recently developed llama platform that generates human-like immunoglobulins, we selected 68 different antibodies that compete with HGF for binding to MET. HGF-competing antibodies recognized 4 distinct hotspots localized in different MET domains. We identified 1 hotspot that coincides with the known HGF β chain binding site on blades 2-3 of the SEMA domain β-propeller. We determined that a second and a third hotspot lie within blade 5 of the SEMA domain and IPT domains 2-3, both of which are thought to bind to HGF α chain. Characterization of the fourth hotspot revealed a region across the PSI-IPT 1 domains not previously associated with HGF binding. Individual or combined targeting of these hotspots effectively interrupted HGF/MET signaling in multiple cell-based biochemical and biological assays. Selected antibodies directed against SEMA blades 2-3 and the PSI-IPT 1 region inhibited brain invasion and prolonged survival in a glioblastoma multiforme model, prevented metastatic disease following neoadjuvant therapy in a triple-negative mammary carcinoma model, and suppressed cancer cell dissemination to the liver in a KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer model. These results identify multiple regions of MET responsible for HGF-mediated tumor progression, unraveling the complexity of HGF-MET interaction, and provide selective molecular tools for targeting MET activity in cancer.
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Hope C, Ollar SJ, Heninger E, Hebron E, Jensen JL, Kim J, Maroulakou I, Miyamoto S, Leith C, Yang DT, Callander N, Hematti P, Chesi M, Bergsagel PL, Asimakopoulos F. TPL2 kinase regulates the inflammatory milieu of the myeloma niche. Blood 2014; 123:3305-15. [PMID: 24723682 PMCID: PMC4046426 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-554071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted modulation of microenvironmental regulatory pathways may be essential to control myeloma and other genetically/clonally heterogeneous cancers. Here we report that human myeloma-associated monocytes/macrophages (MAM), but not myeloma plasma cells, constitute the predominant source of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α at diagnosis, whereas IL-6 originates from stromal cells and macrophages. To dissect MAM activation/cytokine pathways, we analyzed Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression in human myeloma CD14(+) cells. We observed coregulation of TLR2 and TLR6 expression correlating with local processing of versican, a proteoglycan TLR2/6 agonist linked to carcinoma progression. Versican has not been mechanistically implicated in myeloma pathogenesis. We hypothesized that the most readily accessible target in the versican-TLR2/6 pathway would be the mitogen-activated protein 3 (MAP3) kinase, TPL2 (Cot/MAP3K8). Ablation of Tpl2 in the genetically engineered in vivo myeloma model, Vκ*MYC, led to prolonged disease latency associated with plasma cell growth defect. Tpl2 loss abrogated the "inflammatory switch" in MAM within nascent myeloma lesions and licensed macrophage repolarization in established tumors. MYC activation/expression in plasma cells was independent of Tpl2 activity. Pharmacologic TPL2 inhibition in human monocytes led to dose-dependent attenuation of IL-1β induction/secretion in response to TLR2 stimulation. Our results highlight a TLR2/6-dependent TPL2 pathway as novel therapeutic target acting nonautonomously through macrophages to control myeloma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hope
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Samuel J Ollar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Erika Heninger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Ellen Hebron
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Jeffrey L Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Jaehyup Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Ioanna Maroulakou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Catherine Leith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and
| | - David T Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and
| | - Natalie Callander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
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Sasaki S, Baba T, Shinagawa K, Matsushima K, Mukaida N. Crucial involvement of the CCL3-CCR5 axis-mediated fibroblast accumulation in colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1297-306. [PMID: 24510316 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases often develop colon carcinoma. Combined treatment of azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) recapitulates colitis-associated cancer in mice. AOM/DSS-induced tumor formation was reduced in CCL3- or its specific receptor, CCR5-deficient mice despite the presence of a massive infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, AOM/DSS-induced type I collagen-positive fibroblast accumulation in the colon was reduced in CCL3- or CCR5-deficient mice. This was associated with depressed expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), which is expressed mainly by fibroblasts. Moreover in vitro, CCL3 induced fibroblasts to proliferate and to enhance HB-EGF expression. Furthermore, CCR5 blockade reduced tumor formation together with reduced fibroblast accumulation and HB-EGF expression, even when administered after the development of multiple colon tumors. Thus, CCL3-CCR5-mediated fibroblast accumulation may be required, in addition to leukocyte infiltration, to induce full-blown colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Our studies shed light on a therapeutic potential of CCR5 antagonist for patients with colitis-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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