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Gold NM, Okeke MN, He Y. Involvement of Inheritance in Determining Telomere Length beyond Environmental and Lifestyle Factors. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1023. [PMID: 37962459 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
All linear chromosomal ends have specific DNA-protein complexes called telomeres. Telomeres serve as a "molecular clock" to estimate the potential length of cell replication. Shortening of telomere length (TL) is associated with cellular senescence, aging, and various age-related diseases in humans. Here we reviewed the structure, function, and regulation of telomeres and the age-related diseases associated with telomere attrition. Among the various determinants of TL, we highlight the connection between TL and heredity to provide a new overview of genetic determinants for TL. Studies across multiple species have shown that maternal and paternal TL influence the TL of their offspring, and this may affect life span and their susceptibility to age-related diseases. Hence, we reviewed the linkage between TL and parental influences and the proposed mechanisms involved. More in-depth studies on the genetic mechanism for TL attrition are needed due to the potential application of this knowledge in human medicine to prevent premature frailty at its earliest stage, as well as promote health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheemat Modupeola Gold
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic, Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Michael Ngozi Okeke
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Nanomedical Technology Research, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yonghan He
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic, Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Tangudu NK, Huang Z, Fang R, Buj R, Uboveja A, Cole AR, Happe C, Sun M, Gelhaus SL, MacDonald ML, Hempel N, Snyder NW, Aird KM. ATR promotes mTORC1 activation via de novo cholesterol synthesis in p16-low cancer cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.564195. [PMID: 37961201 PMCID: PMC10634888 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage and cellular metabolism are intricately linked with bidirectional feedback. Two of the main effectors of the DNA damage response and control of cellular metabolism are ATR and mTORC1, respectively. Prior work has placed ATR upstream of mTORC1 during replication stress, yet the direct mechanism for how mTORC1 is activated in this context remain unclear. We previously published that p16-low cells have mTORC1 hyperactivation, which in part promotes their proliferation. Using this model, we found that ATR, but not ATM, is upstream of mTORC1 activation via de novo cholesterol synthesis and is associated with increased lanosterol synthase (LSS). Indeed, p16-low cells showed increased cholesterol abundance. Additionally, knockdown of either ATR or LSS decreased mTORC1 activity. Decreased mTORC1 activity due to ATR knockdown was rescued by cholesterol supplementation. Finally, using both LSS inhibitors and multiple FDA-approved de novo cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, we found that the de novo cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is a metabolic vulnerability of p16-low cells. Together, our data provide new evidence coupling the DNA damage response and cholesterol metabolism and demonstrate the feasibility of using FDA-approved cholesterol-lowering drugs in tumors with loss of p16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Tangudu
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Zhentai Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Richard Fang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Raquel Buj
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Apoorva Uboveja
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Aidan R. Cole
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Cassandra Happe
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Mai Sun
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Stacy L. Gelhaus
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Matthew L. MacDonald
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
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3
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Hubner SE, de Camargo Magalhães ES, Hoff FW, Brown BD, Qiu Y, Horton TM, Kornblau SM. DNA Damage Response-Related Proteins Are Prognostic for Outcome in Both Adult and Pediatric Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Patients: Samples from Adults and from Children Enrolled in a Children's Oncology Group Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5898. [PMID: 36982970 PMCID: PMC10058043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of malignant leukemic cells is dependent on DNA damage repair (DDR) signaling. Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) data sets were assembled using diagnostic samples from 810 adult and 500 pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients and were probed with 412 and 296 strictly validated antibodies, respectively, including those detecting the expression of proteins directly involved in DDR. Unbiased hierarchical clustering identified strong recurrent DDR protein expression patterns in both adult and pediatric AML. Globally, DDR expression was associated with gene mutational statuses and was prognostic for outcomes including overall survival (OS), relapse rate, and remission duration (RD). In adult patients, seven DDR proteins were individually prognostic for either RD or OS. When DDR proteins were analyzed together with DDR-related proteins operating in diverse cellular signaling pathways, these expanded groupings were also highly prognostic for OS. Analysis of patients treated with either conventional chemotherapy or venetoclax combined with a hypomethylating agent revealed protein clusters that differentially predicted favorable from unfavorable prognoses within each therapy cohort. Collectively, this investigation provides insight into variable DDR pathway activation in AML and may help direct future individualized DDR-targeted therapies in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan E. Hubner
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Fieke W. Hoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Brandon D. Brown
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yihua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Terzah M. Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan Duncan Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Steven M. Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Liu F, Wan Q, Liu P, Miao D, Dai X, Chen L. Loss of p16 does not protect against premature ovarian insufficiency caused by alkylating agents. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:151. [PMID: 36890528 PMCID: PMC9993597 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical agents such as alkylating agents (AAs) that are commonly used for the treatment of cancer cause great damage to the ovaries, thereby significantly increasing the risk of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, the exact molecules underlying AA-induced POI remain largely obscure. Upregulation of the p16 gene may contribute to the progression of POI. As yet, no in vivo data from p16-deficient (KO) mice are available to demonstrate a critical role of p16 in POI. In the present study, we employed p16 KO mice to investigate whether loss of p16 could protect against POI caused by AAs. METHODS WT mice and their p16 KO littermates received a single dose of BUL + CTX to establish an AA-induced POI mouse model. One month later, oestrous cycles were monitored. Three months later, some of the mice were sacrificed to collect sera for measurements of hormone levels and ovaries for measurements of follicle counts, the proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells, ovarian stromal fibrosis and vessels. The remaining mice were mated with fertile males for the fertility test. RESULTS Our results showed that treatment with BUL + CTX significantly disrupted the oestrous cycles, increased the levels of FSH and LH while decreasing the levels of E2 and AMH, decreased the counts of primordial follicles and growing follicles while increasing the counts of atretic follicles, reduced the vascularized area in the ovarian stroma, and decreased fertility. All of these results were comparable between WT and p16 KO mice treated with BUL + CTX. In addition, ovarian fibrosis was not increased significantly in WT and p16 KO mice treated with BUL + CTX. Growing follicles with normal appearance had normally proliferating granulosa cells (without apparent apoptosis). CONCLUSION We concluded that genetic ablation of the p16 gene did not attenuate ovarian damage or help preserve the fertility of mice challenged by AAs. This study demonstrated for the first time that p16 is dispensable for AA-induced POI. Our preliminary findings suggest that targeting p16 alone may not preserve the ovarian reserve and fertility of females treated with AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Wan
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Kebiao Medical Testing Center, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The Research Center for Aging, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuliang Dai
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Chen
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Wani AK, Akhtar N, Sharma A, El-Zahaby SA. Fighting Carcinogenesis with Plant Metabolites by Weakening Proliferative Signaling and Disabling Replicative Immortality Networks of Rapidly Dividing and Invading Cancerous Cells. Curr Drug Deliv 2023; 20:371-386. [PMID: 35422214 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220414085606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, an uncontrolled multistage disease causing swift division of cells, is a leading disease with the highest mortality rate. Cellular heterogeneity, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, and replicative immortality drive the tumor progression by resisting the therapeutic action of existing anticancer drugs through a series of intrinsic and extrinsic cellular interactions. The innate cellular mechanisms also regulate the replication process as a fence against proliferative signaling, enabling replicative immortality through telomere dysfunction. AREA COVERED The conventional genotoxic drugs have several off-target and collateral side effects associated with them. Thus, the need for the therapies targeting cyclin-dependent kinases or P13K signaling pathway to expose cancer cells to immune destruction, deactivation of invasion and metastasis, and maintaining cellular energetics is imperative. Compounds with anticancer attributes isolated from plants and rich in alkaloids, terpenes, and polyphenols have proven to be less toxic and highly targetspecific, making them biologically significant. This has opened a gateway for the exploration of more novel plant molecules by signifying their role as anticancer agents in synergy and alone, making them more effective than the existing cytotoxic regimens. EXPERT OPINION In this context, the current review presented recent data on cancer cases around the globe, along with discussing the fundamentals of proliferative signaling and replicative immortality of cancer cells. Recent findings were also highlighted, including antiproliferative and antireplicative action of plant-derived compounds, besides explaining the need for improving drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khurshid Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab (144411), India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab (144411), India
| | - Arun Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab (144411), India
| | - Sally A El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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6
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Xiao M, Zhou P, Wang Z, Xiao H, Chen X, Jiang R, Wang Y. Dynamic biological characteristics of human bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell senescence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17071. [PMID: 36224224 PMCID: PMC9556752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells show biological manifestations of aging, diminished hematopoietic function and abnormal differentiation, which can lead to leukemia. It is therefore important to explore the mechanism underlying hematopoietic stem cell aging to develop strategies for delaying the process. Our evaluations revealed that the number of bone marrow hematopoietic cells (BMHCs) started to decrease significantly after 45 years of age, and the number of senescent BMHCs, as determined by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining, gradually increased with age. In addition, BMHCs from individuals over 45 years of age presented with notably reduced proliferative capacity, increased G1-phase cell cycle arrest, and significantly decreased generation of mixed colony forming units, which suggests that BMHCs enter senescence during middle age. Furthermore, we observed significantly lower antioxidant capacity and a significant increase in oxidative damage products, a gradual increase in the expression of senescence-associated proteins and genes, and a gradual decrease in the expression of cell cycle related proteins in BMHCs after middle age. Taken together, these findings offer both a theoretical and experimental basis for better understanding of the senescence progression of BMHCs and the optimal timing for anti-senescence drug interventions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhe Xiao
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Peng Zhou
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Ziling Wang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Hanxianzhi Xiao
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xiao Chen
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Rong Jiang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yaping Wang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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7
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Wu Y, Shen S, Shi Y, Tian N, Zhou Y, Zhang X. Senolytics: Eliminating Senescent Cells and Alleviating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:823945. [PMID: 35309994 PMCID: PMC8924288 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.823945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the main cause of cervical and lumbar spondylosis. Over the past few years, the relevance between cellular senescence and IVDD has been widely studied, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) produced by senescent cells is found to remodel extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism and destruct homeostasis. Elimination of senescent cells by senolytics and suppression of SASP production by senomorphics/senostatics are effective strategies to alleviate degenerative diseases including IVDD. Here, we review the involvement of senescence in the process of IVDD; we also discuss the potential of senolytics on eliminating senescent disc cells and alleviating IVDD; finally, we provide a table listing senolytic drugs and small molecules, aiming to propose potential drugs for IVDD therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Naifeng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Naifeng Tian, ; Yifei Zhou, ; Xiaolei Zhang,
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Naifeng Tian, ; Yifei Zhou, ; Xiaolei Zhang,
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Naifeng Tian, ; Yifei Zhou, ; Xiaolei Zhang,
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Bellon M, Yuan Y, Nicot C. Transcription Independent Stimulation of Telomerase Enzymatic Activity by HTLV-I Tax Through Stimulation of IKK. JOURNAL OF CANCER SCIENCES 2021; 8. [PMID: 34938859 PMCID: PMC8691565 DOI: 10.13188/2377-9292.1000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The persistence and spreading of HTLV-I infected cells relies upon their clonal expansion through cellular replication. The development of adult T cell leukemia (ATLL) occurs decades following primary infection by HTLV-I. Moreover, identical provirus integration sites have been found in samples recovered several years apart from infected individuals. These observations suggest that infected cells persist in the host for an extended period of time. To endure long term proliferation, HTLV-I pre-leukemic cells must acquire critical oncogenic events, two of which are the bypassing of apoptosis and replicative senescence. In the early stages of disease, interleukin-2 (IL-2)/IL-2R signaling likely plays a major role in combination with activation of anti-apoptotic pathways. Avoidance of replicative senescence in HTLV-I infected cells is achieved through reactivation of human telomerase (hTERT). We have previously shown that HTLV-I viral Tax transcriptionally activates the hTERT promoter. In this study we demonstrate that Tax can stimulate hTERT enzymatic activity independently of its transcriptional effects. We further show that this occurs through Tax-mediated NF-KB activating functions. Our results suggest that in ATLL cells acquire Tax-transcriptional and post-transcriptional events to elevate telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bellon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
| | - Y Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - C Nicot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
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9
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Opportunities and Challenges in Stem Cell Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1341:143-175. [PMID: 33748933 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Studying aging, as a physiological process that can cause various pathological phenotypes, has attracted lots of attention due to its increasing burden and prevalence. Therefore, understanding its mechanism to find novel therapeutic alternatives for age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases is essential. Stem cell senescence plays an important role in aging. In the context of the underlying pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic and genetic alterations, and other mechanisms have been studied and as a consequence, several rejuvenation strategies targeting these mechanisms like pharmaceutical interventions, genetic modification, and cellular reprogramming have been proposed. On the other hand, since stem cells have great potential for disease modeling, they have been useful for representing aging and its associated disorders. Accordingly, the main mechanisms of senescence in stem cells and promising ways of rejuvenation, along with some examples of stem cell models for aging are introduced and discussed. This review aims to prepare a comprehensive summary of the findings by focusing on the most recent ones to shine a light on this area of research.
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10
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Zhang Y, Shao C, Li H, Wu K, Gong L, Zheng Q, Dan J, Jia S, Tang X, Wu X, Luo Y. The Distinct Function of p21 Waf1/Cip1 With p16 Ink4a in Modulating Aging Phenotypes of Werner Syndrome by Affecting Tissue Homeostasis. Front Genet 2021; 12:597566. [PMID: 33633779 PMCID: PMC7901894 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.597566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive progeria disease. A mouse model of WS manifests the disease through telomere dysfunction-induced aging phenotypes, which might result from cell cycle control and cellular senescence. Both p21Waf1/Cip1 (p21, encoded by the Cdkn1a gene) and p16Ink4a (p16, encoded by the Ink4a gene) are cell cycle inhibitors and are involved in regulating two key pathways of cellular senescence. To test the effect of p21 and p16 deficiencies in WS, we crossed WS mice (DKO) with p21–/– or p16–/– mice to construct triple knockout (p21-TKO or p16-TKO) mice. By studying the survival curve, bone density, regenerative tissue (testis), and stem cell capacity (intestine), we surprisingly found that p21-TKO mice displayed accelerated premature aging compared with DKO mice, while p16-TKO mice showed attenuation of the aging phenotypes. The incidence of apoptosis and cellular senescence were upregulated in p21-TKO mice tissue and downregulated in p16-TKO mice. Surprisingly, cellular proliferation in p21-TKO mice tissue was also upregulated, and the p21-TKO mice did not show telomere shortening compared with age-matched DKO mice, although p16-TKO mice displayed obvious enhancement of telomere lengthening. Consistent with these phenotypes, the SIRT1-PGC1 pathway was upregulated in p16-TKO but downregulated in p21-TKO compared with DKO mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). However, the DNA damage response pathway was highly activated in p21-TKO, but rescued in p16-TKO, compared with DKO MEFs. These data suggest that p21 protected the stem cell reservoir by regulating cellular proliferation and turnover at a proper rate and that p21 loss in WS activated fairly severe DNA damage responses (DDR), which might cause an abnormal increase in tissue homeostasis. On the other hand, p16 promoted cellular senescence by inhibiting cellular proliferation, and p16 deficiency released this barrier signal without causing severe DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Chihao Shao
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Haili Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Development on Common Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Lixin Gong
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Quan Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Juhua Dan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shuting Jia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaodan Tang
- Yunnan Provincial Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Development on Common Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Yunnan Provincial Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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11
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Engin AB, Engin A. The Connection Between Cell Fate and Telomere. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:71-100. [PMID: 33539012 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abolition of telomerase activity results in telomere shortening, a process that eventually destabilizes the ends of chromosomes, leading to genomic instability and cell growth arrest or death. Telomere shortening leads to the attainment of the "Hayflick limit", and the transition of cells to state of senescence. If senescence is bypassed, cells undergo crisis through loss of checkpoints. This process causes massive cell death concomitant with further telomere shortening and spontaneous telomere fusions. In functional telomere of mammalian cells, DNA contains double-stranded tandem repeats of TTAGGG. The Shelterin complex, which is composed of six different proteins, is required for the regulation of telomere length and stability in cells. Telomere protection by telomeric repeat binding protein 2 (TRF2) is dependent on DNA damage response (DDR) inhibition via formation of T-loop structures. Many protein kinases contribute to the DDR activated cell cycle checkpoint pathways, and prevent DNA replication until damaged DNA is repaired. Thereby, the connection between cell fate and telomere length-associated telomerase activity is regulated by multiple protein kinase activities. Contrarily, inactivation of DNA damage checkpoint protein kinases in senescent cells can restore cell-cycle progression into S phase. Therefore, telomere-initiated senescence is a DNA damage checkpoint response that is activated with a direct contribution from dysfunctional telomeres. In this review, in addition to the above mentioned, the choice of main repair pathways, which comprise non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination in telomere uncapping telomere dysfunctions, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Lagunas AM, Francis M, Maniar NB, Nikolova G, Wu J, Crowe DL. Paracrine Interaction of Cancer Stem Cell Populations Is Regulated by the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1480-1492. [PMID: 31043491 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dyskeratosis congenita is a telomere DNA damage syndrome characterized by defective telomere maintenance, bone marrow failure, and increased head and neck cancer risk. The Pot1b-/-;Terc+/- mouse exhibits some features of dyskeratosis congenita, but head and neck cancer was not reported in this model. To model the head and neck cancer phenotype, we created unique Pot1b- and p53-null-mutant models which allow genetic lineage tracing of two distinct stem cell populations. Loss of Pot1b expression depleted stem cells via ATR/Chk1/p53 signaling. Tumorigenesis was inhibited in Pot1b-/-;p53+/+ mice due to cellular senescence. Pot1b-/-;p53-/- tumors also exhibited senescence, but proliferated and metastasized with expansion of Lgr6+ stem cells indicative of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Selective depletion of the small K15+ stem cell fraction resulted in reduction of Lgr6+ cells and inhibition of tumorigenesis via senescence. Gene expression studies revealed that K15+ cancer stem cells regulate Lgr6+ cancer stem cell expansion via chemokine signaling. Genetic ablation of the chemokine receptor Cxcr2 inhibited cancer stem cell expansion and tumorigenesis via senescence. The effects of chemokines were primarily mediated by PI3K signaling, which is a therapeutic target in head and neck cancer. IMPLICATIONS: Paracrine interactions of cancer stem cell populations impact therapeutic options and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianchun Wu
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David L Crowe
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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13
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Li H, Wei C, Zhou R, Wang B, Zhang Y, Shao C, Luo Y. Mouse models in modeling aging and cancer. Exp Gerontol 2019; 120:88-94. [PMID: 30876950 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models have been widely used in the research of human diseases. Aging, just as cancer, is influenced by the interaction of various genetic and environmental factors. Currently, aging could be induced by many mechanism, including telomere dysfunction, oxidase stress, DNA damage and epigenetic changes. Many of these genetic pathways are also shared by aging and cancer. The mouse models generated to study these pathways might manifest either aging or cancer phenotypes, sometimes both, which in deed has worked as a good model system in understanding the correlation between aging and cancer. Here, we reviewed these mouse models that were generated to model aging or cancer. These mouse models might help us put those related pathways in context and discover essential interactions in cancer and aging regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Chuanyu Wei
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhou
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yongjin Zhang
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Chihao Shao
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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14
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Liu J, Wang L, Wang Z, Liu JP. Roles of Telomere Biology in Cell Senescence, Replicative and Chronological Ageing. Cells 2019; 8:E54. [PMID: 30650660 PMCID: PMC6356700 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres with G-rich repetitive DNA and particular proteins as special heterochromatin structures at the termini of eukaryotic chromosomes are tightly maintained to safeguard genetic integrity and functionality. Telomerase as a specialized reverse transcriptase uses its intrinsic RNA template to lengthen telomeric G-rich strand in yeast and human cells. Cells sense telomere length shortening and respond with cell cycle arrest at a certain size of telomeres referring to the "Hayflick limit." In addition to regulating the cell replicative senescence, telomere biology plays a fundamental role in regulating the chronological post-mitotic cell ageing. In this review, we summarize the current understandings of telomere regulation of cell replicative and chronological ageing in the pioneer model system Saccharomyces cerevisiae and provide an overview on telomere regulation of animal lifespans. We focus on the mechanisms of survivals by telomere elongation, DNA damage response and environmental factors in the absence of telomerase maintenance of telomeres in the yeast and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lihui Wang
- Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Melbourne, Vitoria 3004, Australia.
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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15
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Sundar IK, Rashid K, Gerloff J, Li D, Rahman I. Genetic Ablation of p16 INK4a Does Not Protect against Cellular Senescence in Mouse Models of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:189-199. [PMID: 29447461 PMCID: PMC6096345 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0390oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) affects DNA damage and cellular senescence signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). p16INK4a (p16: a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) is a key marker of cellular senescence, which is induced by CS in lung cells. It is thought that removal of p16 attenuates premature aging by removing senesced cells. However, the role of p16 in CS-induced stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) during the development of COPD/emphysema is not known. We hypothesize that p16 regulates cellular senescence and DNA damage/repair molecular signaling targets during chronic CS-induced inflammation and airspace enlargement in mouse models of COPD. We used p16 global knockout (KO) and p16 lung epithelial cell-specific KO (p16CreCC10) mice to determine whether p16 removal in lung epithelium augments or protects against cellular senescence (SIPS and SASP) in chronic CS- and elastase-induced development of COPD/emphysema in mice. p16 KO mice exposed to chronic CS and p16 lung epithelial cell-specific KO mice exposed to elastase did not show attenuation of lung inflammation, altered lung function, or airspace enlargement. p16 KO and p16CreCC10 exposed to CS and elastase showed increases in lung senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Thus, removal of p16-positive cells did not protect against airspace enlargement and decline in lung function induced in COPD mouse models. Our findings suggest that p16 is not the only key player associated with CS-induced cellular senescence phenotypes (SIPS and SASP), decline in lung function, and airspace enlargement in COPD/emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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16
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Zeng Y, Hu W, Jing P, Chen X, Wang Z, Wang L, Wang Y. The regulation of ginsenoside Rg1 upon aging of bone marrow stromal cell contribute to delaying senescence of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs). Life Sci 2018; 209:63-68. [PMID: 30055206 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 antagonizing bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) aging, which contribute to the delaying senescence of hematopoietic cells in vitro and in vivo. Rg1 could reduce the effects of senility agent on BMSCs by decreasing the rate of SA-Gal positive cells, and increasing the proliferative ability of CCK8 cells. After BMNCs co-cultured with BMSCs which were treated by Rg1 in vitro, compared with BMNCs co-cultured with BMSCs from aging group, percentage of positive cell SA-Gal staining was decreased, the formation ability of CFU-Mix was enhanced, the proliferative ability was increased, and the apoptosis rate was decreased. In aging rat model, after treated with Rg1, the percentage of positive cell SA-Gal staining in BMSCs was significantly decreased, the proliferative ability was increased. After treated with Rg1, the percentage of positive cell SA-Gal staining in BMNCs was significantly decreased, the formation ability of CFU-Mix mixed colony was enhanced, ROS was decreased, and SOD activity was increased. Aging BMSCs could induce the senescence of BMNCs. Rg1 could antagonize the effect of d-gal on the aging of BMSCs both in vivo and in vitro, and restore the hematopoietic capacity of BMNCs through the different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlin Zeng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, China; Chongqing Health Information Center, China
| | - Wenxu Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Pengwei Jing
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Xiongbin Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, China.
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17
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Mytych J, Romerowicz-Misielak M, Koziorowski M. Klotho protects human monocytes from LPS-induced immune impairment associated with immunosenescent-like phenotype. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 470:1-13. [PMID: 28478304 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we provide a new evidence on immunosenescent-like phenotype induction in low density monocytes due to the long-term treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We show that LPS caused oxidative and nitrosative stress through zinc downregulation and calcium accumulation. In turn, increased amounts of ROS/RNS and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 led to the irreversible DNA damage, persistent DDR activation, proliferation inhibition, reduction in cell growth and immune impairment. Furthermore, we provide evidence that klotho reduced levels of ROS/RNS and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as upregulated secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in LPS-treated monocytes, thus the observed DNA damage was less severe, promptly and properly fixed and cells quickly resumed normal proliferation and maintained their immune functionality. Therefore, klotho protein could be considered as a protective factor against immunosenescent-like phenotype in monocytes an issue relevant to many immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mytych
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland.
| | - Maria Romerowicz-Misielak
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
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18
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Panneer Selvam S, Roth BM, Nganga R, Kim J, Cooley MA, Helke K, Smith CD, Ogretmen B. Balance between senescence and apoptosis is regulated by telomere damage-induced association between p16 and caspase-3. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9784-9800. [PMID: 29748384 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activation protects cells from telomere damage by delaying senescence and inducing cell immortalization, whereas telomerase inhibition mediates rapid senescence or apoptosis. However, the cellular mechanisms that determine telomere damage-dependent senescence versus apoptosis induction are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that telomerase instability mediated by silencing of sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which binds and stabilizes telomerase, induces telomere damage-dependent caspase-3 activation and apoptosis, but not senescence, in p16-deficient lung cancer cells or tumors. These outcomes were prevented by knockdown of a tumor-suppressor protein, transcription factor 21 (TCF21), or by ectopic expression of WT human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) but not mutant hTERT with altered S1P binding. Interestingly, SphK2-deficient mice exhibited accelerated aging and telomerase instability that increased telomere damage and senescence via p16 activation especially in testes tissues, but not in apoptosis. Moreover, p16 silencing in SphK2-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts activated caspase-3 and apoptosis without inducing senescence. Furthermore, ectopic WT p16 expression in p16-deficient A549 lung cancer cells prevented TCF21 and caspase-3 activation and resulted in senescence in response to SphK2/S1P inhibition and telomere damage. Mechanistically, a p16 mutant with impaired caspase-3 association did not prevent telomere damage-induced apoptosis, indicating that an association between p16 and caspase-3 proteins forces senescence induction by inhibiting caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. These results suggest that p16 plays a direct role in telomere damage-dependent senescence by limiting apoptosis via binding to caspase-3, revealing a direct link between telomere damage-dependent senescence and apoptosis with regards to aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Braden M Roth
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Hollings Cancer Center, and
| | - Rose Nganga
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Hollings Cancer Center, and
| | - Jisun Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Hollings Cancer Center, and
| | | | - Kristi Helke
- Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 30912 and
| | - Charles D Smith
- the Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, .,Hollings Cancer Center, and
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19
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The role of telomere binding molecules for normal and abnormal hematopoiesis. Int J Hematol 2018; 107:646-655. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Sen M, Akeno N, Reece A, Miller AL, Simpson DS, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA. p16 controls epithelial cell growth and suppresses carcinogenesis through mechanisms that do not require RB1 function. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e320. [PMID: 28414317 PMCID: PMC5520502 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The p16/RB1 tumor suppressor pathway is inactivated in the vast majority, if not all, human cancers. The current paradigm is that p16 and RB1 function in a linear pathway to suppress tumorigenesis; however p16 is preferentially lost in human cancers suggesting that p16 has critical tumor suppressive functions not mediated through RB1. Carcinomas arise from transformed epithelial cells and account for 80% of adult malignancies highlighting the need to understand p16/RB1 pathway function in organ epithelia. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths and is associated with p16/RB1 pathway deregulation. We demonstrate that p16 is upregulated in the lung epithelium after Rb1 ablation in genetically engineered mouse models. In contrast to fibroblasts, loss of RB1 family proteins, p107 or p130, did not result in p16 induction, demonstrating that p16 suppression is a unique RB1 pocket protein function in the lung epithelium in vivo. p16 upregulation did not induce cellular senescence but rather promoted survival of RB1-deficient lung epithelial progenitor cells. Mechanistic studies show that p16 protects RB1-deficient cells from DNA damage. Consequently, additional loss of p16 led to genetic instability and increased susceptibility to cellular immortalization and transformation. Mice with combined RB1/p16-deficient lungs developed lung tumors including aggressive metastatic lung cancers. These studies identify p16 loss as a molecular event that causes genetic instability and directly demonstrate that p16 protects against DNA damage in the absence of RB1 function providing an explanation for why p16 is preferentially targeted in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sen
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - N Akeno
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Reece
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A L Miller
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - D S Simpson
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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21
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Mytych J, Wos I, Solek P, Koziorowski M. Protective role of klotho protein on epithelial cells upon co-culture with activated or senescent monocytes. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:358-367. [PMID: 28011195 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes ensure proper functioning and maintenance of epithelial cells, while good condition of monocytes is a key factor of these interactions. Although, it was shown that in some circumstances, a population of altered monocytes may appear, there is no data regarding their effect on epithelial cells. In this study, using direct co-culture model with LPS-activated and Dox-induced senescent THP-1 monocytes, we reported for the first time ROS-induced DNA damage, reduced metabolic activity, proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest followed by p16-, p21- and p27-mediated DNA damage response pathways activation, premature senescence and apoptosis induction in HeLa cells. Also, we show that klotho protein possessing anti-aging and anti-inflammatory characteristics reduced cytotoxic and genotoxic events by inhibition of insulin/IGF-IR and downregulation of TRF1 and TRF2 proteins. Therefore, klotho protein could be considered as a protective factor against changes caused by altered monocytes in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mytych
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland.
| | - Izabela Wos
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Solek
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
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22
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Gu P, Wang Y, Bisht KK, Wu L, Kukova L, Smith EM, Xiao Y, Bailey SM, Lei M, Nandakumar J, Chang S. Pot1 OB-fold mutations unleash telomere instability to initiate tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2016; 36:1939-1951. [PMID: 27869160 PMCID: PMC5383532 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations are a hallmark of human cancers, with complex cytogenetic rearrangements leading to genetic changes permissive for cancer initiation and progression. Protection of Telomere 1 (POT1) is an essential component of the shelterin complex and functions to maintain chromosome stability by repressing the activation of aberrant DNA damage and repair responses at telomeres. Sporadic and familial mutations in the oligosaccharide-oligonucleotide (OB) folds of POT1 have been identified in many human cancers, but the mechanism underlying how hPOT1 mutations initiate tumorigenesis has remained unclear. Here we show that the human POT1’s OB-folds are essential for the protection of newly replicated telomeres. Oncogenic mutations in hPOT1 OB-fold fail to bind to ss telomeric DNA, eliciting a DNA damage response at telomeres that promote inappropriate chromosome fusions via the mutagenic alternative non-homologous end joining (A-NHEJ) pathway. hPOT1 mutations also result in telomere elongation and the formation of transplantable hematopoietic malignancies. Strikingly, conditional deletion of both mPot1a and p53 in mouse mammary epithelium resulted in development of highly invasive breast carcinomas and the formation of whole chromosomes containing massive arrays of telomeric fusions reminiscent of chromothripsis. Our results reveal that hPOT1 OB-folds are required to protect and prevent newly replicated telomeres from engaging in A-NHEJ mediated fusions that would otherwise promote genome instability to fuel tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - K K Bisht
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L Wu
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Kukova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E M Smith
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Xiao
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S M Bailey
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M Lei
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - J Nandakumar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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23
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Wang Y, Wang X, Flores ER, Yu J, Chang S. Dysfunctional telomeres induce p53-dependent and independent apoptosis to compromise cellular proliferation and inhibit tumor formation. Aging Cell 2016; 15:646-60. [PMID: 27113195 PMCID: PMC4933665 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with progressive telomere shortening, resulting in the formation of dysfunctional telomeres that compromise tissue proliferation. However, dysfunctional telomeres can limit tumorigenesis by activating p53-dependent cellular senescence and apoptosis. While activation of both senescence and apoptosis is required for repress tumor formation, it is not clear which pathway is the major tumor suppressive pathway in vivo. In this study, we generated Eμ-myc; Pot1b(∆/∆) mouse to directly compare tumor formation under conditions in which either p53-dependent apoptosis or senescence is activated by telomeres devoid of the shelterin component Pot1b. We found that activation of p53-dependent apoptosis plays a more critical role in suppressing lymphoma formation than p53-dependent senescence. In addition, we found that telomeres in Pot1b(∆/∆) ; p53(-/-) mice activate an ATR-Chk1-dependent DNA damage response to initiate a robust p53-independent, p73-dependent apoptotic pathway that limited stem cell proliferation but suppressed B-cell lymphomagenesis. Our results demonstrate that in mouse models, both p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis are important to suppressing tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - Xinwei Wang
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology Department of Translational Molecular Pathology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - Jian Yu
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Sandy Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
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Bellon M, Nicot C. Multiple Pathways Control the Reactivation of Telomerase in HTLV-I-Associated Leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2. [PMID: 26430700 DOI: 10.15436/2377-0902.15.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
While telomerase (hTERT) activity is absent from normal somatic cells, reactivation of hTERT expression is a hallmark of cancer cells. Telomerase activity is required for avoiding replicative senescence and supports immortalization of cellular proliferation. Only a minority of cancer cells rely on a telomerase-independent process known as alternative lengthening of telomeres, ALT, to sustain cancer cell proliferation. Multiple genetic, epigenetic, and viral mechanisms have been found to de-regulate telomerase gene expression, thereby increasing the risk of cellular transformation. Here, we review the different strategies used by the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, HTLV-I, to activate hTERT expression and stimulate its enzymatic activity in virally infected CD4 T cells. The implications of hTERT reactivation in HTLV-I pathogenesis and disease treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Bellon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Viral Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Christophe Nicot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Viral Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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25
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Liu JP. Molecular mechanisms of ageing and related diseases. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:445-58. [PMID: 24798238 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human and other multicellular life species age, and ageing processes become dominant during the late phase of life. Recent studies challenge this dogma, suggesting that ageing does not occur in some animal species. In mammals, cell replicative senescence occurs as early as before birth (i.e. in embryos) under physiological conditions. How the molecular machinery operates and why ageing cells dominate under some circumstances are intriguing questions. Recent studies show that cell ageing involves extensive cellular remodelling, including telomere attrition, heterochromatin formation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial disorders and lysosome processing organelles and chromatins. This article provides an update on the molecular mechanisms underlying the ageing of various cell types, the newly described developmental and programmed replicative senescence and the critical roles of cellular organelles and effectors in Parkinson's disease, diabetes, hypertension and dyskeratosis congenita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China; Department of Immunology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the recent landmark findings that have increased our understanding not only of the role of the epithelial cell cycle in the homeostasis of the small intestine, but also its relevance to inflammation and cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data have unveiled novel information on protein interactions directly involved in the cell cycle as well as in the pathways that transduce external environmental signals to the cell cycle. A growing body of the recent evidence confirms the importance of food as well as hormonal regulation in the gut on cell cycle. Information on the contribution of the epithelial microenvironment, including the microbiota, has grown substantially in the recent years as well as on the gene-environment interactions and the multiple epigenetic mechanisms involved in regulating cell-cycle proteins and signalling. Finally, further studies investigating the dysregulation of the cell cycle during inflammation and proliferation have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. SUMMARY This review highlights some of the most recent advances that further emphasize the importance of the cell cycle in the small intestine during homeostasis as well as in inflammation and cancer.
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Abstract
Telomeres form protective caps at the ends of linear chromosomes to prevent nucleolytic degradation, end-to-end fusion, irregular recombination, and chromosomal instability. Telomeres are composed of repetitive DNA sequences (TTAGGG)n in humans, that are bound by specialized telomere binding proteins. Telomeres lose capping function in response to telomere shortening, which occurs during each division of cells that lack telomerase activity-the enzyme that can synthesize telomeres de novo. Telomeres have a dual role in cancer: telomere shortening can lead to induction of chromosomal instability and to the initiation of tumors, however, initiated tumors need to reactivate telomerase in order to stabilize chromosomes and to gain immortal growth capacity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of telomeres in the maintenance of chromosomal stability and carcinogenesis.
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28
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Martin N, Beach D, Gil J. Ageing as developmental decay: insights from p16INK4a. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:667-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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29
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Grabliauskaite K, Hehl AB, Seleznik GM, Saponara E, Schlesinger K, Zuellig RA, Dittmann A, Bain M, Reding T, Sonda S, Graf R. p21WAF1/Cip1limits senescence and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia formation during pancreatitis. J Pathol 2014; 235:502-14. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamile Grabliauskaite
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Adrian B Hehl
- Institute of Parasitology; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Gitta M Seleznik
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Enrica Saponara
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kathryn Schlesinger
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Richard A Zuellig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition; University Hospital Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Anja Dittmann
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Martha Bain
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Theresia Reding
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
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Lee JH, Anver M, Kost-Alimova M, Protopopov A, DePinho RA, Rane SG. Telomere dysfunction suppresses multiple endocrine neoplasia in mice. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:306-19. [PMID: 25352948 PMCID: PMC4209601 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome is typified by the occurrence of tumors in two or more hormonal tissues. Whereas the genetics of MEN syndrome is relatively well understood, the tumorigenic mechanisms for these cancers remain relatively obscure. The Cdk4 (R24C) mouse model develops highly penetrant pituitary tumors and endocrine pancreas adenomas, and, as such, this model is appropriate to gain insight into mechanisms underlying MEN. Using this model, here we provide evidence supporting an important role for telomerase in the pathogenesis of MEN. We observed increased aneuploidy in Cdk4 (R/R) fibroblasts along with significantly elevated telomerase activity and telomere length in Cdk4 (R/R) islets and embryonic fibroblasts. To better understand the role of telomerase, we generated Cdk4 (R24C) mice with inactivation of the mTERC locus, which codes for the essential RNA component of the enzyme telomerase (mTERC (-/-) Cdk4 (R/R) mice). Embryonic fibroblasts and islets derived from mTERC (-/-) Cdk4 (R/R) mice exhibit reduced telomere length and proliferative capacity. Further, mTERC (-/-) Cdk4 (R/R) fibroblasts display reduced transformation potential. Importantly, mTERC (-/-) Cdk4 (R/R) mice display significantly reduced spontaneous tumorigenesis. Strikingly, we observed dramatic suppression of pituitary tumors and endocrine pancreas adenomas in mTERC (-/-) Cdk4 (R/R) mice. Telomere dysfunction suppressed tumor initiation and increased latency of tumor development while not affecting the progression of established tumors. In summary, these results are suggestive of an important role for telomerase in tumor development in the Cdk4 (R24C) mouse model, specifically in the genesis of tumors in the pituitary and the endocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Miriam Anver
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Maria Kost-Alimova
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alexei Protopopov
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ronald A. DePinho
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sushil G. Rane
- Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
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Do telomeres adapt to physiological stress? Exploring the effect of exercise on telomere length and telomere-related proteins. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:601368. [PMID: 24455708 PMCID: PMC3884693 DOI: 10.1155/2013/601368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a tissue degeneration phenotype marked by a loss of tissue regenerative capacity. Regenerative capacity is dictated by environmental and genetic factors that govern the balance between damage and repair. The age-associated changes in the ability of tissues to replace lost or damaged cells is partly the cause of many age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and sarcopenia. A well-established marker of the aging process is the length of the protective cap at the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres. Telomeres shorten with each cell division and with increasing chronological age and short telomeres have been associated with a range of age-related diseases. Several studies have shown that chronic exposure to exercise (i.e., exercise training) is associated with telomere length maintenance; however, recent evidence points out several controversial issues concerning tissue-specific telomere length responses. The goals of the review are to familiarize the reader with the current telomere dogma, review the literature exploring the interactions of exercise with telomere phenotypes, discuss the mechanistic research relating telomere dynamics to exercise stimuli, and finally propose future directions for work related to telomeres and physiological stress.
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