1
|
Ryu S, Spadaro O, Sidorov S, Lee AH, Caprio S, Morrison C, Smith SR, Ravussin E, Shchukina I, Artyomov MN, Youm YH, Dixit VD. Reduction of SPARC protects mice against NLRP3 inflammasome activation and obesity. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e169173. [PMID: 37781916 PMCID: PMC10541189 DOI: 10.1172/jci169173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive assessment of long-term effects of reducing intake of energy (CALERIE-II; NCT00427193) clinical trial established that caloric restriction (CR) in humans lowers inflammation. The identity and mechanism of endogenous CR-mimetics that can be deployed to control obesity-associated inflammation and diseases are not well understood. Our studies have found that 2 years of 14% sustained CR in humans inhibits the expression of the matricellular protein, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), in adipose tissue. In mice, adipose tissue remodeling caused by weight loss through CR and low-protein diet feeding decreased, while high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) obesity increased SPARC expression in adipose tissue. Inducible SPARC downregulation in adult mice mimicked CR's effects on lowering adiposity by regulating energy expenditure. Deletion of SPARC in adipocytes was sufficient to protect mice against HFD-induced adiposity, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, SPARC activates the NLRP3 inflammasome at the priming step and downregulation of SPARC lowers macrophage inflammation in adipose tissue, while excess SPARC activated macrophages via JNK signaling. Collectively, reduction of adipocyte-derived SPARC confers CR-like metabolic and antiinflammatory benefits in obesity by serving as an immunometabolic checkpoint of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Ryu
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Olga Spadaro
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sviatoslav Sidorov
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Aileen H. Lee
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Steven R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yun-Hee Youm
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ryan CN, Pugliese E, Shologu N, Gaspar D, Rooney P, Islam MN, O'Riordan A, Biggs MJ, Griffin MD, Zeugolis DI. Physicochemical cues are not potent regulators of human dermal fibroblast trans-differentiation. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2023; 11:100079. [PMID: 37720487 PMCID: PMC10499661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2023.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their inherent plasticity, dermal fibroblasts hold great promise in regenerative medicine. Although biological signals have been well-established as potent regulators of dermal fibroblast function, it is still unclear whether physiochemical cues can induce dermal fibroblast trans-differentiation. Herein, we evaluated the combined effect of surface topography, substrate rigidity, collagen type I coating and macromolecular crowding in human dermal fibroblast cultures. Our data indicate that tissue culture plastic and collagen type I coating increased cell proliferation and metabolic activity. None of the assessed in vitro microenvironment modulators affected cell viability. Anisotropic surface topography induced bidirectional cell morphology, especially on more rigid (1,000 kPa and 130 kPa) substrates. Macromolecular crowding increased various collagen types, but not fibronectin, deposition. Macromolecular crowding induced globular extracellular matrix deposition, independently of the properties of the substrate. At day 14 (longest time point assessed), macromolecular crowding downregulated tenascin C (in 9 out of the 14 groups), aggrecan (in 13 out of the 14 groups), osteonectin (in 13 out of the 14 groups), and collagen type I (in all groups). Overall, our data suggest that physicochemical cues (such surface topography, substrate rigidity, collagen coating and macromolecular crowding) are not as potent as biological signals in inducing dermal fibroblast trans-differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina N.M. Ryan
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eugenia Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Naledi Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peadar Rooney
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Md Nahidul Islam
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alan O'Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Manus J. Biggs
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hild V, Mellert K, Möller P, Barth TFE. Giant Cells of Various Lesions Are Characterised by Different Expression Patterns of HLA-Molecules and Molecules Involved in the Cell Cycle, Bone Metabolism, and Lineage Affiliation: An Immunohistochemical Study with a Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3702. [PMID: 37509363 PMCID: PMC10377796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cells (GCs) are thought to originate from the fusion of monocytic lineage cells and arise amid multiple backgrounds. To compare GCs of different origins, we immunohistochemically characterised the GCs of reactive and neoplastic lesions (n = 47). We studied the expression of 15 molecules including HLA class II molecules those relevant to the cell cycle, bone metabolism and lineage affiliation. HLA-DR was detectable in the GCs of sarcoidosis, sarcoid-like lesions, tuberculosis, and foreign body granuloma. Cyclin D1 was expressed by the GCs of neoplastic lesions as well as the GCs of bony callus, fibroid epulis, and brown tumours. While cyclin E was detected in the GCs of all lesions, p16 and p21 showed a heterogeneous expression pattern. RANK was expressed by the GCs of all lesions except sarcoid-like lesions and xanthogranuloma. All GCs were RANK-L-negative, and the GCs of all lesions were osteoprotegerin-positive. Osteonectin was limited to the GCs of chondroblastoma. Osteopontin and TRAP were detected in the GCs of all lesions except xanthogranuloma. RUNX2 was heterogeneously expressed in the reactive and neoplastic cohort. The GCs of all lesions except foreign body granuloma expressed CD68, and all GCs were CD163- and langerin-negative. This profiling points to a functional diversity of GCs despite their similar morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Hild
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kevin Mellert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas F E Barth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peng CH, Lin WY, Yeh KT, Chen IH, Wu WT, Lin MD. The molecular etiology and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 33:212-223. [PMID: 34386357 PMCID: PMC8323641 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_233_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis, accounting for 20% of osteoporosis diagnoses. Using glucocorticoids for >6 months leads to osteoporosis in 50% of patients, resulting in an increased risk of fracture and death. Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts work together to maintain bone homeostasis. When bone formation and resorption are out of balance, abnormalities in bone structure or function may occur. Excess glucocorticoids disrupt the bone homeostasis by promoting osteoclast formation and prolonging osteoclasts' lifespan, leading to an increase in bone resorption. On the other hand, glucocorticoids inhibit osteoblasts' formation and facilitate apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, resulting in a reduction of bone formation. Several signaling pathways, signaling modulators, endocrines, and cytokines are involved in the molecular etiology of GIOP. Clinically, adults ≥40 years of age using glucocorticoids chronically with a high fracture risk are considered to have medical intervention. In addition to vitamin D and calcium tablet supplementations, the major therapeutic options approved for GIOP treatment include antiresorption drug bisphosphonates, parathyroid hormone N-terminal fragment teriparatide, and the monoclonal antibody denosumab. The selective estrogen receptor modulator can only be used under specific condition for postmenopausal women who have GIOP but fail to the regular GIOP treatment or have specific therapeutic contraindications. In this review, we focus on the molecular etiology of GIOP and the molecular pharmacology of the therapeutic drugs used for GIOP treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Huan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ting Yeh
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ho Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tien Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alcorta-Sevillano N, Macías I, Infante A, Rodríguez CI. Deciphering the Relevance of Bone ECM Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:E2630. [PMID: 33297501 PMCID: PMC7762413 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density, a bone matrix parameter frequently used to predict fracture risk, is not the only one to affect bone fragility. Other factors, including the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and microarchitecture, are of paramount relevance in this process. The bone ECM is a noncellular three-dimensional structure secreted by cells into the extracellular space, which comprises inorganic and organic compounds. The main inorganic components of the ECM are calcium-deficient apatite and trace elements, while the organic ECM consists of collagen type I and noncollagenous proteins. Bone ECM dynamically interacts with osteoblasts and osteoclasts to regulate the formation of new bone during regeneration. Thus, the composition and structure of inorganic and organic bone matrix may directly affect bone quality. Moreover, proteins that compose ECM, beyond their structural role have other crucial biological functions, thanks to their ability to bind multiple interacting partners like other ECM proteins, growth factors, signal receptors and adhesion molecules. Thus, ECM proteins provide a complex network of biochemical and physiological signals. Herein, we summarize different ECM factors that are essential to bone strength besides, discussing how these parameters are altered in pathological conditions related with bone fragility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arantza Infante
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Plaza de Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903 Bizkaia, Spain; (N.A.-S.); (I.M.)
| | - Clara I. Rodríguez
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Plaza de Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903 Bizkaia, Spain; (N.A.-S.); (I.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dai R, Wu Z, Chu HY, Lu J, Lyu A, Liu J, Zhang G. Cathepsin K: The Action in and Beyond Bone. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:433. [PMID: 32582709 PMCID: PMC7287012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CatK) is one of the most potent proteases in lysosomal cysteine proteases family, of which main function is to mediate bone resorption. Currently, CatK is among the most attractive targets for anti-osteoporosis drug development. Although many pharmaceutical companies are working on the development of selective inhibitors for CatK, there is no FDA approved drug till now. Odanacatib (ODN) developed by Merck & Co. is the only CatK inhibitor candidate which demonstrated high therapeutic efficacy in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis in Phase III clinical trials. Unfortunately, the development of ODN was finally terminated due to the cardio-cerebrovascular adverse effects. Therefore, it arouses concerns on the undesirable CatK inhibition in non-bone sites. It is known that CatK has far-reaching actions throughout various organs besides bone. Many studies have also demonstrated the involvement of CatK in various diseases beyond the musculoskeletal system. This review not only summarized the functional roles of CatK in bone and beyond bone, but also discussed the potential relevance of the CatK action beyond bone to the adverse effects of inhibiting CatK in non-bone sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchen Dai
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zeting Wu
- International Medical Service Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hang Yin Chu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Lyu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Liu,
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Ge Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Besio R, Chow CW, Tonelli F, Marini JC, Forlino A. Bone biology: insights from osteogenesis imperfecta and related rare fragility syndromes. FEBS J 2019; 286:3033-3056. [PMID: 31220415 PMCID: PMC7384889 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The limited accessibility of bone and its mineralized nature have restricted deep investigation of its biology. Recent breakthroughs in identification of mutant proteins affecting bone tissue homeostasis in rare skeletal diseases have revealed novel pathways involved in skeletal development and maintenance. The characterization of new dominant, recessive and X-linked forms of the rare brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and other OI-related bone fragility disorders was a key player in this advance. The development of in vitro models for these diseases along with the generation and characterization of murine and zebrafish models contributed to dissecting previously unknown pathways. Here, we describe the most recent advances in the understanding of processes involved in abnormal bone mineralization, collagen processing and osteoblast function, as illustrated by the characterization of new causative genes for OI and OI-related fragility syndromes. The coordinated role of the integral membrane protein BRIL and of the secreted protein PEDF in modulating bone mineralization as well as the function and cross-talk of the collagen-specific chaperones HSP47 and FKBP65 in collagen processing and secretion are discussed. We address the significance of WNT ligand, the importance of maintaining endoplasmic reticulum membrane potential and of regulating intramembrane proteolysis in osteoblast homeostasis. Moreover, we also examine the relevance of the cytoskeletal protein plastin-3 and of the nucleotidyltransferase FAM46A. Thanks to these advances, new targets for the development of novel therapies for currently incurable rare bone diseases have been and, likely, will be identified, supporting the important role of basic science for translational approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Besio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chi-Wing Chow
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joan C Marini
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krock E, Millecamps M, Anderson KM, Srivastava A, Reihsen TE, Hari P, Sun YR, Jang SH, Wilcox GL, Belani KG, Beebe DS, Ouellet J, Pinto MR, Kehl LJ, Haglund L, Stone LS. Interleukin-8 as a therapeutic target for chronic low back pain: Upregulation in human cerebrospinal fluid and pre-clinical validation with chronic reparixin in the SPARC-null mouse model. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:487-500. [PMID: 31047862 PMCID: PMC6558025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low back pain (LBP) is the leading global cause of disability and is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) in some individuals. However, many adults have DD without LBP. Understanding why DD is painful in some and not others may unmask novel therapies for chronic LBP. The objectives of this study were to a) identify factors in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associated with chronic LBP and b) examine their therapeutic utility in a proof-of-concept pre-clinical study. Methods Pain-free human subjects without DD, pain-free human subjects with DD, and patients with chronic LBP linked to DD were recruited and lumbar MRIs, pain and disability levels were obtained. CSF was collected and analyzed by multiplex cytokine assay. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression was confirmed by ELISA in CSF and in intervertebral discs. The SPARC-null mouse model of progressive, age-dependent DD and chronic LBP was used for pre-clinical validation. Male SPARC-null and control mice received systemic Reparixin, a CXCR1/2 (receptors for IL-8 and murine analogues) inhibitor, for 8 weeks. Behavioral signs of axial discomfort and radiating pain were assessed. Following completion of the study, discs were excised and cultured, and conditioned media was evaluated with a protein array. Findings IL-8 was elevated in CSF of chronic LBP patients with DD compared to pain-free subjects with or without DD. Chronic inhibition with reparixin alleviated low back pain behaviors and attenuated disc inflammation in SPARC-null mice. Interpretation These studies suggest that the IL-8 signaling pathway is a viable therapy for chronic LBP. Fund Supported by NIH, MMF, CIHR and FRQS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Krock
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - Magali Millecamps
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - Kathleen M Anderson
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Akanksha Srivastava
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - Troy E Reihsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Pawan Hari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Yue Ran Sun
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - Seon Ho Jang
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - George L Wilcox
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kumar G Belani
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - David S Beebe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Jean Ouellet
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Shriner's Hospital for Children, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Lois J Kehl
- Minnesota Head & Neck Pain Clinic, St. Paul, MN 55114, USA.
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Shriner's Hospital for Children, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0A9, Canada.
| | - Laura S Stone
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesia Research Unit, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tossetta G, Fantone S, Giannubilo SR, Marinelli Busilacchi E, Ciavattini A, Castellucci M, Di Simone N, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Marzioni D. Pre-eclampsia onset and SPARC: A possible involvement in placenta development. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6091-6098. [PMID: 30426491 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder commonly diagnosed in the latter half of pregnancy and it is a leading cause of intrauterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR). The aim of this study was to investigate the localization and the role of SPARC, secreted protein acidic, and rich in cysteine, in PE and PE-IUGR placentas in comparison with normal placentas. SPARC was mainly expressed in the villous and extravillous cytotrophoblastic cells in first trimester, whereas in PE, PE-IUGR and at term placentas, SPARC immunostaining was visible in both cytotrophoblastic cells and syncytiotrophoblast. SPARC expression significantly decreased in normal placenta from first to third trimester and a further significant reduction was demonstrated in PE and PE-IUGR. The latter downregulation of SPARC depends on hypoxic condition as shown by in vitro models. In conclusion, SPARC can play a pivotal role in PE and PE-IUGR onset and it should be considered as a key molecule for future investigations in such pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano R Giannubilo
- Department of Clinical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Department of Clinical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Castellucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Woman and Child Health, A. Gemelli Hospital, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Mattioli-Belmonte
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Università Politenica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu L, Niu M, Yu W, Xia W, Gong F, Wang O. Associations between FGF21, osteonectin and bone turnover markers in type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:583-588. [PMID: 27916484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM We measured the levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) in patients with early diabetic nephropathy from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and investigated the associations of BTMs with adipokines, serum fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) and osteonectin. METHODS We included 159 males and 300 females with T2DM in this cross-sectional study. Clinical characteristics, BTMs and adipokines levels were measured. RESULTS One-hundred and ninety-two (41.8%) patients presented with albuminuria. Patients with albuminuria had significantly higher levels of serum osteonectin (P<0.0001) and FGF21 (P=0.0125) than those with normoalbuminuria. Serum levels of P1NP were slightly lower among patients with albuminuria (P=0.031), but the difference disappeared after adjusting for FBG, PBG, and HbA1c. Serum FGF21 levels were independently and negatively related to eGFR (overall β=-0.161, P=0.001; albuminuria group β=-0.240, P=0.001) but not related to uACR. While Osteonectin was independently and positively related to uACR (overall β=0.209, P=0.001; albuminuria group β=0.170, P=0.021). The levels of serum FGF21 were independently inversely related with P1NP (overall β=-0.192, P<0.0001; albuminuria group β=-0.195, P=0.031). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that persistent hyperglycemia may inhibit bone formation. Both osteonectin and FGF21 were associated with early nephropathy in T2DM patients, albeit with different patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Meng Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Muping District of Yantai City, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Weihong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jørgensen LH, Jepsen PL, Boysen A, Dalgaard LB, Hvid LG, Ørtenblad N, Ravn D, Sellathurai J, Møller-Jensen J, Lochmüller H, Schrøder HD. SPARC Interacts with Actin in Skeletal Muscle in Vitro and in Vivo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:457-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
12
|
Petriz BA, Gomes CPC, Almeida JA, de Oliveira GP, Ribeiro FM, Pereira RW, Franco OL. The Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Proteome. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:257-269. [PMID: 27381298 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plasticity and its adaptation to exercise is a topic that is widely discussed and investigated due to its primary role in the field of exercise performance and health promotion. Repetitive muscle contraction through exercise stimuli leads to improved cardiovascular output and the regulation of endothelial dysfunction and metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and obesity. Considerable improvements in proteomic tools and data analysis have broth some new perspectives in the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle adaptation in response to physical activity. In this sense, this review updates the main relevant studies concerning muscle proteome adaptation to acute and chronic exercise, from aerobic to resistance training, as well as the proteomic profile of natural inbred high running capacity animal models. Also, some promising prospects in the muscle secretome field are presented, in order to better understand the role of physical activity in the release of extracellular microvesicles and myokines activity. Thus, the present review aims to update the fast-growing exercise-proteomic scenario, leading to some new perspectives about the molecular events under skeletal muscle plasticity in response to physical activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 257-269, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clarissa P C Gomes
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jeeser A Almeida
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.,S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Cat ólica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - Getulio P de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular-Universidade de Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Filipe M Ribeiro
- Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de P os-Graduacão em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat ólica de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
| | - Rinaldo W Pereira
- Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de P os-Graduacão em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat ólica de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Cat ólica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.,Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de P os-Graduacão em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat ólica de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The skeleton is unique from all other tissues in the body because of its ability to mineralize. The incorporation of mineral into bones and teeth is essential to give them strength and structure for body support and function. For years, researchers have wondered how mineralized tissues form and repair. A major focus in this context has been on the role of the extracellular matrix, which harbors key regulators of the mineralization process. In this introductory minireview, we will review some key concepts of matrix biology as it related to mineralized tissues. Concurrently, we will highlight the subject of this special issue covering many aspects of mineralized tissues, including bones and teeth and their associated structures cartilage and tendon. Areas of emphasis are on the generation and analysis of new animal models with permutations of matrix components as well as the development of new approaches for tissue engineering for repair of damaged hard tissue. In assembling key topics on mineralized tissues written by leaders in our field, we hope the reader will get a broad view of the topic and all of its fascinating complexities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian F Young
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Son JS, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Yoon DH, Kim JS, Song HS, Song W. Effect of resistance ladder training on sparc expression in skeletal muscle of hindlimb immobilized rats. Muscle Nerve 2016; 53:951-7. [PMID: 26467437 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. Here we examined possibility that resistance training could regulate SPARC expression in muscle atrophy in an immobilized hindlimb model. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent resistance ladder training and hindlimb immobilization. Cross sectional area and grip strength were measured. SPARC protein levels in the plantaris and soleus, and serum after exercise and immobilization were then analyzed. RESULTS Resistance training decreased body weight (P < 0.001) and increased muscle quality (P < 0.001). In the plantaris, muscle atrophy (31.82%) and up-regulated SPARC expression (P < 0.05) after immobilization were alleviated by resistance training. CONCLUSIONS Resistance training led to suppression of SPARC expression in the plantaris and showed a pretraining effect in atrophied rat muscle. Thus, SPARC may play a pivotal role in muscle homeostasis. Muscle Nerve 53: 951-957, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seok Son
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jang Hoe Kim
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Kim
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yoon
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Han Sol Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang X, Huang S, Guo F, Xu F, Cheng P, Ye Y, Dong Y, Xiang W, Chen A. Dose-dependent inhibitory effects of zoledronic acid on osteoblast viability and function in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:613-22. [PMID: 26648136 PMCID: PMC4686069 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZA), which is one of the most potent and efficacious bisphosphonates, has been commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of various bone disorders. The extensive use of ZA has been associated with increasing occurrence of jaw complications, now known as bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). However, the mechanism underlying BRONJ remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of ZA on the MC3T3-E1 murine preosteoblast cell line cells and examine the possible pathogenesis of BRONJ. In the present study, the effect of ZA on the viability, apoptosis, differentiation and maturation of MC3T3-E1 cells, as well as its relevant molecular mechanism, were examined The results of a Cell Counting Kit 8 assay, a flow cytometric Annexin-V/propidium iodide assay and western blot analysis demonstrated that ZA exhibited a significant inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis at concentrations >10 µM. Subsequently, the effect of ZA on cell differentiation at concentrations <1 µM were investigated. In this condition, ZA inhibited bone nodule formation and decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase. The results of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses indicated that ZA downregulated the expression levels of the marker genes and proteins associated with osteogenic differentiation. Further investigation revealed that the suppression of differentiation by ZA was associated with decreased expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and downregulation of the phosphorylation levels in the downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 pathways. These adverse effects of ZA were observed to be concentration-dependent. The results from the present study suggested that ZA at higher concentrations induces cytotoxicity towards osteoblasts, and ZA at lower concentrations suppresses osteoblast differentiation by downregulation of BMP-2. These results assist in further understanding the mechanisms of BRONJ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Shilong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fengjin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Anmin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Leyva-Leyva M, López-Díaz A, Barrera L, Camacho-Morales A, Hernandez-Aguilar F, Carrillo-Casas EM, Arriaga-Pizano L, Calderón-Pérez J, García-Álvarez J, Orozco-Hoyuela G, Piña-Barba C, Rojas-Martínez A, Romero-Díaz V, Lara-Arias J, Rivera-Bolaños N, López-Camarillo C, Moncada-Saucedo N, Galván-De los Santos A, Meza-Urzúa F, Villarreal-Gómez L, Fuentes-Mera L. Differential Expression of Adhesion-Related Proteins and MAPK Pathways Lead to Suitable Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Subpopulations. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2577-90. [PMID: 26230358 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular adhesion enables communication between cells and their environment. Adhesion can be achieved throughout focal adhesions and its components influence osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Because cell adhesion and osteoblast differentiation are closely related, this article aimed to analyze the expression profiles of adhesion-related proteins during osteoblastic differentiation of two hMSCs subpopulations (CD105(+) and CD105(-)) and propose a strategy for assembling bone grafts based on its adhesion ability. In vitro experiments of osteogenic differentiation in CD105(-) cells showed superior adhesion efficiency and 2-fold increase of α-actinin expression compared with CD105(+) cells at the maturation stage. Interestingly, levels of activated β1-integrin increased in CD105(-) cells during the process. Additionally, the CD105(-) subpopulation showed 3-fold increase of phosphorylated FAK(Y397) compared to CD105(+) cells. Results also indicate that ERK1/2 was activated during CD105(-) bone differentiation and participation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-p38 in CD105(+) differentiation through a focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-independent pathway. In vivo trial demonstrated that grafts containing CD105(-) showed osteocytes embedded in a mineralized matrix, promoted adequate graft integration, increased host vascular infiltration, and efficient intramembranous repairing. In contrast, grafts containing CD105(+) showed deficient endochondral ossification and fibrocartilaginous tissue. Based on the expression of α-actinin, FAKy,(397) and ERK1/2 activation, we define maturation stage as critical for bone graft assembling. By in vitro assays, CD105(-) subpopulation showed superior adhesion efficiency compared to CD105(+) cells. Considering in vitro and in vivo assays, this study suggests that integration of a scaffold with CD105(-) subpopulation at the maturation stage represents an attractive strategy for clinical use in orthopedic bioengineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- 1 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González ," México City, México
| | - Annia López-Díaz
- 1 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González ," México City, México
| | - Lourdes Barrera
- 2 Laboratorio de Inmunología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas ," México City, México
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México .,4 Unidad de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| | - Felipe Hernandez-Aguilar
- 1 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González ," México City, México
| | - Erika M Carrillo-Casas
- 1 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González ," México City, México
| | - Lourdes Arriaga-Pizano
- 5 Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI , IMSS, México City, México
| | - Jaime Calderón-Pérez
- 6 División de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González ," México City, México
| | - Jorge García-Álvarez
- 7 Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , México City, México
| | - Gabriel Orozco-Hoyuela
- 8 Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , México City, México
| | - Cristina Piña-Barba
- 9 Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , México City, México
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martínez
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México .,10 Unidad de Terapias Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| | - Víktor Romero-Díaz
- 11 Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina , UANL, Monterrey, México .,12 Unidad de Bioimágen, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| | - Jorge Lara-Arias
- 13 Laboratorio de Ingeniería Tisular-Banco de Hueso y Tejidos, Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González ," Monterrey, México
| | - Nancy Rivera-Bolaños
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México .,10 Unidad de Terapias Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| | - César López-Camarillo
- 14 Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México , México City, México
| | - Nidia Moncada-Saucedo
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México .,10 Unidad de Terapias Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| | - Alejandra Galván-De los Santos
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México .,10 Unidad de Terapias Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| | - Fátima Meza-Urzúa
- 1 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González ," México City, México
| | - Luis Villarreal-Gómez
- 15 Centro de Ingeniería y Tecnología (CITEC), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California , Baja California, Tijuana, México
| | - Lizeth Fuentes-Mera
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México .,10 Unidad de Terapias Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scavelli K, Chatterjee A, Rhee DJ. Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine in Ocular Tissue. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015; 31:396-405. [PMID: 26167673 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2015.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also known as osteonectin or BM-40, is the prototypical matricellular protein. Matricellular proteins are nonstructural secreted proteins that provide an integration between cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Regulation of the ECM is important in maintaining the physiologic function of tissues. Elevated levels of SPARC have been identified in a variety of diseases involving pathologic tissue remodeling, such as hepatic fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, and certain carcinomas. Within the eye, SPARC has been identified in the trabecular meshwork, lens, and retina. Studies have begun to show the role of SPARC in these tissues and its possible role, specifically in primary open-angle glaucoma, cataracts, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. SPARC may, therefore, be a therapeutic target in the treatment of certain ocular diseases. Further investigation into the mechanism of action of SPARC will be necessary in the development of SPARC-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Scavelli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Hospitals Eye Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Hospitals Eye Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Douglas J Rhee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Hospitals Eye Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dole NS, Kapinas K, Kessler CB, Yee SP, Adams DJ, Pereira RC, Delany AM. A single nucleotide polymorphism in osteonectin 3' untranslated region regulates bone volume and is targeted by miR-433. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:723-32. [PMID: 25262637 PMCID: PMC4376624 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteonectin/SPARC is one of the most abundant noncollagenous extracellular matrix proteins in bone, regulating collagen fiber assembly and promoting osteoblast differentiation. Osteonectin-null and haploinsufficient mice have low-turnover osteopenia, indicating that osteonectin contributes to normal bone formation. In male idiopathic osteoporosis patients, osteonectin 3' untranslated region (UTR) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes that differed only at SNP1599 (rs1054204) were previously associated with bone mass. Haplotype A (containing SNP1599G) was more frequent in severely affected patients, whereas haplotype B (containing SNP1599C) was more frequent in less affected patients and healthy controls. We hypothesized that SNP1599 contributes to variability in bone mass by modulating osteonectin levels. Osteonectin 3' UTR reporter constructs demonstrated that haplotype A has a repressive effect on gene expression compared with B. We found that SNP1599G contributed to an miR-433 binding site, and miR-433 inhibitor relieved repression of the haplotype A, but not B, 3' UTR reporter construct. We tested our hypothesis in vivo, using a knock-in approach to replace the mouse osteonectin 3' UTR with human haplotype A or B 3' UTR. Compared with haplotype A mice, bone osteonectin levels were higher in haplotype B mice. B mice displayed higher bone formation rate and gained more trabecular bone with age. When parathyroid hormone was administered intermittently, haplotype B mice gained more cortical bone area than A mice. Cultured marrow stromal cells from B mice deposited more mineralized matrix and had higher osteocalcin mRNA compared with A mice, demonstrating a cell-autonomous effect on differentiation. Altogether, SNP1599 differentially regulates osteonectin expression and contributes to variability in bone mass, by a mechanism that may involve differential targeting by miR-433. This work validates the findings of the previous candidate gene study, and it assigns a physiological function to a common osteonectin allele, providing support for its role in the complex trait of skeletal phenotype. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Dole
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Davis K, Griffin K, Chu TM, Wenke J, Corona B, McKinley T, Kacena M. Muscle-bone interactions during fracture healing. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2015; 15:1-9. [PMID: 25730647 PMCID: PMC4433554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although it is generally accepted that the rate and strength of fracture healing is intimately linked to the integrity of surrounding soft tissues, the contribution of muscle has largely been viewed as a vascular supply for oxygen and nutrient exchange. However, more is becoming known about the cellular and paracrine contributions of muscle to the fracture healing process. Research has shown that muscle is capable of supplying osteoprogenitor cells in cases where the periosteum is insufficient, and the muscular osteoprogenitors possess similar osteogenic potential to those derived from the periosteum. Muscle's secrotome includes proteins capable of inhibiting or enhancing osteogenesis and myogenesis following musculoskeletal injury and can be garnered for therapeutic use in patients with traumatic musculoskeletal injuries. In this review, we will highlight the current knowledge on muscle-bone interaction in the context of fracture healing as well as concisely present the current models to study such interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K.M. Davis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - K.S. Griffin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - T-M.G. Chu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
| | - J.C. Wenke
- Extremity Trauma & Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX
| | - B.T. Corona
- Extremity Trauma & Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX
| | - T.O. McKinley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - M.A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Brommage R, Liu J, Hansen GM, Kirkpatrick LL, Potter DG, Sands AT, Zambrowicz B, Powell DR, Vogel P. High-throughput screening of mouse gene knockouts identifies established and novel skeletal phenotypes. Bone Res 2014; 2:14034. [PMID: 26273529 PMCID: PMC4472125 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2014.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening gene function in vivo is a powerful approach to discover novel drug targets. We present high-throughput screening (HTS) data for 3 762 distinct global gene knockout (KO) mouse lines with viable adult homozygous mice generated using either gene-trap or homologous recombination technologies. Bone mass was determined from DEXA scans of male and female mice at 14 weeks of age and by microCT analyses of bones from male mice at 16 weeks of age. Wild-type (WT) cagemates/littermates were examined for each gene KO. Lethality was observed in an additional 850 KO lines. Since primary HTS are susceptible to false positive findings, additional cohorts of mice from KO lines with intriguing HTS bone data were examined. Aging, ovariectomy, histomorphometry and bone strength studies were performed and possible non-skeletal phenotypes were explored. Together, these screens identified multiple genes affecting bone mass: 23 previously reported genes (Calcr, Cebpb, Crtap, Dcstamp, Dkk1, Duoxa2, Enpp1, Fgf23, Kiss1/Kiss1r, Kl (Klotho), Lrp5, Mstn, Neo1, Npr2, Ostm1, Postn, Sfrp4, Slc30a5, Slc39a13, Sost, Sumf1, Src, Wnt10b), five novel genes extensively characterized (Cldn18, Fam20c, Lrrk1, Sgpl1, Wnt16), five novel genes with preliminary characterization (Agpat2, Rassf5, Slc10a7, Slc26a7, Slc30a10) and three novel undisclosed genes coding for potential osteoporosis drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Liu
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals , The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Vogel
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals , The Woodlands, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Murphy-Ullrich JE, Sage EH. Revisiting the matricellular concept. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:1-14. [PMID: 25064829 PMCID: PMC4379989 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of a matricellular protein was first proposed by Paul Bornstein in the mid-1990s to account for the non-lethal phenotypes of mice with inactivated genes encoding thrombospondin-1, tenascin-C, or SPARC. It was also recognized that these extracellular matrix proteins were primarily counter or de-adhesive. This review reappraises the matricellular concept after nearly two decades of continuous investigation. The expanded matricellular family as well as the diverse and often unexpected functions, cellular location, and interacting partners/receptors of matricellular proteins are considered. Development of therapeutic strategies that target matricellular proteins are discussed in the context of pathology and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lloyd-Burton S, Roskams AJ. SPARC-like 1 (SC1) is a diversely expressed and developmentally regulated matricellular protein that does not compensate for the absence of SPARC in the CNS. J Comp Neurol 2013; 520:2575-90. [PMID: 22173850 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SPARC-like 1 (SC1) is a member of the SPARC family of matricellular proteins that has been implicated in the regulation of processes such as cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Here we show that SC1 exhibits remarkably diverse and dynamic expression in the developing and adult nervous system. During development, SC1 localizes to radial glia and pial-derived structures, including the vasculature, choroid plexus, and pial membranes. SC1 is not downregulated in postnatal development, but its expression shifts to distinct time windows in subtypes of glia and neurons, including astrocytes, large projection neurons, Bergmann glia, Schwann cells, and ganglionic satellite cells. In addition, SC1 expression levels and patterns are not altered in the SPARC null mouse, suggesting that SC1 does not compensate for the absence of SPARC. We conclude that SC1 and SPARC may share significant homology, but are likely to have distinct but complementary roles in nervous system development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lloyd-Burton
- Department of Zoology, Life Sciences Institute and Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen X, Li Y, Aparicio C. Biofunctional Coatings for Dental Implants. THIN FILMS AND COATINGS IN BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2592-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
24
|
Maeda H, Wada N, Tomokiyo A, Monnouchi S, Akamine A. Prospective potency of TGF-β1 on maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissue. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 304:283-367. [PMID: 23809439 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue, central in the periodontium, plays crucial roles in sustaining tooth in the bone socket. Irreparable damages of this tissue provoke tooth loss, causing a decreased quality of life. The question arises as to how PDL tissue is maintained or how the lost PDL tissue can be regenerated. Stem cells included in PDL tissue (PDLSCs) are widely accepted to have the potential to maintain or regenerate the periodontium, but PDLSCs are very few in number. In recent studies, undifferentiated clonal human PDL cell lines were developed to elucidate the applicable potentials of PDLSCs for the periodontal regenerative medicine based on cell-based tissue engineering. In addition, it has been suggested that transforming growth factor-beta 1 is an eligible factor for the maintenance and regeneration of PDL tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Podgorski I, Linebaugh BE, Koblinski JE, Rudy DL, Herroon MK, Olive MB, Sloane BF. Bone marrow-derived cathepsin K cleaves SPARC in bone metastasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1255-69. [PMID: 19700761 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a hallmark of advanced prostate and breast cancers, yet the critical factors behind attraction of tumors to the skeleton have not been validated. Here, we investigated the involvement of cathepsin K in the progression of prostate tumors in the bone, which occurs both by direct degradation of bone matrix collagen I and by cleavage of other factors in the bone microenvironment. Our results demonstrated that bone marrow-derived cathepsin K is capable of processing and thereby modulating SPARC, a protein implicated in bone metastasis and inflammation. The coincident up-regulation of SPARC and cathepsin K occurred both in vivo in experimental prostate bone tumors, and in vitro in co-cultures of bone marrow stromal cells with PC3 prostate carcinoma cells. PC3-bone marrow stromal cell interaction increased secretion and processing of SPARC, as did co-cultures of bone marrow stromal cells with two other cancer cell lines. In addition, bone marrow stromal cells that were either deficient in cathepsin K or treated with cathepsin K inhibitors had significantly reduced secretion and cleavage of SPARC. Increases in secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (ie, interleukin-6, -8) coincident with overexpression of cathepsin K suggest possible mechanisms by which this enzyme contributes to tumor progression in the bone. This is the first study implicating bone marrow cathepsin K in regulation of biological activity of SPARC in bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Podgorski
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mansergh FC, Wells T, Elford C, Evans SL, Perry MJ, Evans MJ, Evans BAJ. Osteopenia in Sparc (osteonectin)-deficient mice: characterization of phenotypic determinants of femoral strength and changes in gene expression. Physiol Genomics 2007; 32:64-73. [PMID: 17878319 PMCID: PMC2323447 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00151.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparc null mutants have been generated independently via targeted mutations in exons 4 and 6. Previous studies have identified low-turnover osteopenia in the 129Sv/C57BL/6 exon 4 knockout. Since both Sparc null mutations result in complete absence of Sparc protein, similar phenotypic outcomes are likely. However, genetic background (strain) and/or linkage disequilibrium effects can influence phenotype. Different inactivating mutations should be tested in various mouse strains; similar phenotypic outcomes can then confidently be assigned to the mutated gene. We have evaluated the bone phenotype in the 129Sv/EvSparc(tm1cam) exon 6 knockout at 4 and 9 mo, using physical measurement, mechanical strength tests, and DXA scanning. We have also quantified bone marrow adiposity and circulating leptin levels to assess adipose tissue metabolism. 129Sv/EvSparc(tm1cam) null mice show decreased bone mineral density and bone mineral content and increased mechanical fragility of bone, in line with previous studies. Differences were also noted. Increased body weight and levels of bone marrow adiposity but decreased circulating leptin concentrations were identified at 4, but not 9 mo, and 129Sv/EvSparc(tm1cam) null mice also had shorter femurs. Molecular phenotyping was carried out using mouse HGMP NIA microarrays with cortical femur samples at various ages, using semiquantitative RT-PCR validation. We identified 429 genes highly expressed in normal bone. Six genes (Sparc, Zfp162, Bysl, E2F4, two ESTs) are differentially regulated in 129Sv/EvSparc(tm1cam) cortical femur vs. 129Sv/Ev controls. We confirm low-turnover osteopenia as a feature of the Sparc null phenotype, identifying the usefulness of this mouse as a model for human osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Leong DT, Khor WM, Chew FT, Lim TC, Hutmacher DW. Characterization of Osteogenically Induced Adipose Tissue-Derived Precursor Cells in 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Environments. Cells Tissues Organs 2006; 182:1-11. [PMID: 16651824 DOI: 10.1159/000091713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier reports on a putative precursor cell population in adipose tissue showed differentiation along several mesodermal lineages, leading some to think that adipose tissue can be a source of cells applicable in regenerative medicine. However, characterizations of these adipose-derived precursor cells (ADPC) in the 3-dimensional (3-D) environment, especially within the area of bone-specific composite scaffolds, have been lacking. In this study, ADPC plated on culture flasks or seeded on medical grade polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds (mPCL-CaP) were able to differentiate along the osteogenic lineages in both 2-D and 3-D environments as assessed with immunohistochemistry of osteo-related proteins, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions and alkaline phosphatase assay. The mPCL-CaP scaffolds provided adipose-derived cells (ADC) with a suitable environment as determined by DNA and metabolic assays, light, confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Flow cytometry revealed ADC to be CD29+, CD44+, CD73+, CD90+ and CD14-, CD31-, CD34-, CD45-, CD71-, and therefore showed the absence of hematopoietic stem cells but possibly the presence of pericytes and mescenchymal stem cells with osteogenic potential. The results of this study demonstrated the potential of using ADPC in combination with mPCL-CaP scaffolds for bone regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Tai Leong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Raustyte G, Cayé-Thomasen P, Hermansson A, Andersen H, Thomsen J. Calcium deposition and expression of bone modelling markers in the tympanic membrane following acute otitis media. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2006; 70:529-39. [PMID: 16159670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 07/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In accordance with clinical findings, myringosclerosis develops after otitis media (OM) and paracentesis in an experimental setting. The pathogenesis of this phenomenon of calcification is poorly understood. As the calcification process and the sclerotic plaques of the drum mimics features of bone tissue, this study explores tympanic membrane calcium deposition in association with the expression of three bone modelling markers: osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteonectin (ON). OPN is secreted by osteoblasts and is found at calcification sites, e.g. during pathological calcification in chronic OM. The cytokine OPG is an inhibitor of bone resorption and consequently bone remodelling. ON is a calcium binding glycoprotein necessary for the maintenance of bone mass and remodelling. It is found in bone matrix and synthesized by osteoblasts. METHOD A rat model of acute otitis media (AOM) caused by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae was used. Four days following middle ear inoculation, a myringotomy was performed in six animals. Another group of ten animals was inoculated only. The drum was dissected in two animals from each group on day 4, 7, 14 and 28 post-inoculation, and the expression of OPN, OPG and ON was determined by immunohistochemistry. von Kossa staining determined the deposition of calcium and immune staining for CD68 identified macrophages. RESULTS Calcium depositions were initially accumulated in the cytoplasm of macrophages and dispersed in the connective tissue layers of the pars flaccida and tensa. Late accumulation occurred in the lamina propria of pars tensa, more extensively in myringotomized ears. OPN expression was found early in inflammatory cells including especially macrophages and late in pars tensa fibrocytes. OPG expression was initially located to inflammatory cells and late to pars tensa fibrocytes and the inner basal membrane of pars flaccida. Some ears displayed a marked pars flaccida expression of ON in the connective tissue matrix on early days and at the inner basal membrane on later days. The latter cases were from myringotomized ears. Otherwise, no apparent differences of marker expression occurred between myringotomized and non-myringotomized animals. CONCLUSION We conclude that osteopontin, osteoprotegerin and osteonectin are expressed by different cell types in the tympanic membrane during calcification in association with AOM, with or without myringotomy. These molecules may accordingly play a role in the pathogenesis of myringosclerosis, in which macrophages and fibrocytes appear as potential major players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Raustyte
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sato N, Takahashi N, Suda K, Nakamura M, Yamaki M, Ninomiya T, Kobayashi Y, Takada H, Shibata K, Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S, Noguchi T, Udagawa N. MyD88 but not TRIF is essential for osteoclastogenesis induced by lipopolysaccharide, diacyl lipopeptide, and IL-1alpha. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 200:601-11. [PMID: 15353553 PMCID: PMC2212746 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) plays essential roles in the signaling of the Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 receptor family. Toll-IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta (TRIF)-mediated signals are involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MyD88-independent pathways. Using MyD88-deficient (MyD88-/-) mice and TRIF-deficient (TRIF-/-) mice, we examined roles of MyD88 and TRIF in osteoclast differentiation and function. LPS, diacyl lipopeptide, and IL-1alpha stimulated osteoclastogenesis in cocultures of osteoblasts and hemopoietic cells obtained from TRIF-/- mice, but not MyD88-/- mice. These factors stimulated receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand mRNA expression in TRIF-/- osteoblasts, but not MyD88-/- osteoblasts. LPS stimulated IL-6 production in TRIF-/- osteoblasts, but not TRIF-/- macrophages. LPS and IL-1alpha enhanced the survival of TRIF-/- osteoclasts, but not MyD88-/- osteoclasts. Diacyl lipopeptide did not support the survival of osteoclasts because of the lack of Toll-like receptor (TLR)6 in osteoclasts. Macrophages expressed both TRIF and TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM) mRNA, whereas osteoblasts and osteoclasts expressed only TRIF mRNA. Bone histomorphometry showed that MyD88-/- mice exhibited osteopenia with reduced bone resorption and formation. These results suggest that the MyD88-mediated signal is essential for the osteoclastogenesis and function induced by IL-1 and TLR ligands, and that MyD88 is physiologically involved in bone turnover.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/physiology
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/physiology
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Coculture Techniques
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Heterozygote
- Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Ligands
- Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Biological
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteoclasts/cytology
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- Osteoporosis/pathology
- Osteoprotegerin
- Peptides/chemistry
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RANK Ligand
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Signal Transduction
- Toll-Like Receptors
- Transcription, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Sato
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hiro-oka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gonzalez R, Yang YH, Griffin C, Allen L, Tigue Z, Dobbs L. Freshly isolated rat alveolar type I cells, type II cells, and cultured type II cells have distinct molecular phenotypes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 288:L179-89. [PMID: 15447939 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00272.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We used microarray analysis with Affymetrix rat chips to determine gene expression profiles of freshly isolated rat type I (TI) and TII cells and cultured TII cells. Our goals were 1) to describe molecular phenotypic "fingerprints" of TI and TII cells, 2) to gain insight into possible functional differences between the two cell types through differentially expressed genes, 3) to identify genes that might indicate potential functions of TI cells, since so little is known about this cell type, and 4) to ascertain the similarities and differences in gene expression between cultured TII cells and freshly isolated TI cells. For these experiments, we used preparations of isolated TI and TII cells that contained <2% cross-contamination. With a false discovery rate of 1%, 601 genes demonstrated over twofold different expression between TI and TII cells. Those genes with very high levels of differential expression may be useful as markers of cell phenotype and in generating novel hypotheses about functions of TI and TII cells. We found similar numbers of differentially expressed genes between freshly isolated TI or TII cells and cultured TII cells (698, 637 genes) and freshly isolated TI and TII cells (601 genes). Tests of sameness/difference including cluster dendrograms and log/log identity plots indicated major differences between the phenotypes of freshly isolated TI cell and cultured type II cell populations. The latter results suggest that experiments with TII cells cultured under these conditions should be interpreted with caution with respect to biological relevance to TI or TII cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gonzalez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hou P, Troen T, Ovejero MC, Kirkegaard T, Andersen TL, Byrjalsen I, Ferreras M, Sato T, Shapiro SD, Foged NT, Delaissé JM. Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) in osteoclasts: new lesson on the involvement of MMPs in bone resorption. Bone 2004; 34:37-47. [PMID: 14751561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2003.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts require matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and cathepsin K to resorb bone, but the critical MMP has not been identified. Osteoclasts express MMP-9 and MMP-14, which do not appear limiting for resorption, and the expression of additional MMPs is not clear. MMP-12, also called metalloelastase, is reported only in a few cells, including tissue macrophages and hypertrophic chondrocytes. MMP-12 is critical for invasion and destruction in pathologies such as aneurysm and emphysema. In the present study, we demonstrate that osteoclasts express MMP-12, although only in some situations. Northern blots show that highly purified rabbit osteoclasts in culture express MMP-12 at the same level as macrophages, whereas in situ hybridizations performed on rabbit bone do not show any MMP-12 expression in osteoclasts whatever the bone type. In contrast, in situ hybridizations performed on mouse bone show MMP-12 expression in osteoclasts in calvariae and long bones. We also demonstrate that recombinant MMP-12 cleaves the putative functional domains of osteopontin and bone sialoprotein, two bone matrix proteins that strongly influence osteoclast activities, such as attachment, spreading and resorption. Furthermore, we investigated the role of MMP-12 in bone resorption and osteoclast recruitment by comparing MMP-12 knockout and wild-type mice in specialized culture models known to depend on MMP activity, as well as in the ovariectomy model, and we did not find any indication for a limiting role of MMP-12 in these processes. In conclusion, we found that osteoclasts are able to express MMP-12, but MMP-12 did not appear critical for osteoclast recruitment or resorption. The fact that none of the MMPs identified so far in osteoclasts appears limiting for resorption, gives strength to the hypothesis that the critical MMP for bone solubilization is produced by non-osteoclastic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hou
- Nordic Bioscience/Center for Clinical and Basic Research, Herlev, Ballerup, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Eames BF, de la Fuente L, Helms JA. Molecular ontogeny of the skeleton. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART C, EMBRYO TODAY : REVIEWS 2003; 69:93-101. [PMID: 12955855 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.10016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
From a traditional viewpoint, skeletal elements form by two distinct processes: endochondral ossification, during which a cartilage template is replaced by bone, and intramembranous ossification, whereby mesenchymal cells differentiate directly into osteoblasts. There are inherent difficulties with this historical classification scheme, not the least of which is that bones typically described as endochondral actually form bone through an intramembranous process, and that some membranous bones may have a transient chondrogenic phase. These innate contradictions can be circumvented if molecular and cellular, rather than histogenic, criteria are used to describe the process of skeletal tissue formation. Within the past decade, clinical examinations of human skeletal syndromes have led to the identification and subsequent characterization of regulatory molecules that direct chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in every skeletal element of the body. In this review, we survey these molecules and the tissue interactions that may regulate their expression. What emerges is a new paradigm, by which we can explain and understand the process of normal- and abnormal-skeletal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Frank Eames
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Iba K, Durkin ME, Johnsen L, Hunziker E, Damgaard-Pedersen K, Zhang H, Engvall E, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM. Mice with a targeted deletion of the tetranectin gene exhibit a spinal deformity. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:7817-25. [PMID: 11604516 PMCID: PMC99951 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.22.7817-7825.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetranectin is a plasminogen-binding, homotrimeric protein belonging to the C-type lectin family of proteins. Tetranectin has been suggested to play a role in tissue remodeling, due to its ability to stimulate plasminogen activation and its expression in developing tissues such as developing bone and muscle. To test the functional role of tetranectin directly, we have generated mice with a targeted disruption of the gene. We report that the tetranectin-deficient mice exhibit kyphosis, a type of spinal deformity characterized by an increased curvature of the thoracic spine. The kyphotic angles were measured on radiographs. In 6-month-old normal mice (n = 27), the thoracic angle was 73 degrees +/- 2 degrees, while in tetranectin-deficient 6-month-old mice (n = 35), it was 93 degrees +/- 2 degrees (P < 0.0001). In approximately one-third of the mutant mice, X-ray analysis revealed structural changes in the morphology of the vertebrae. Histological analysis of the spines of these mice revealed an apparently asymmetric development of the growth plate and of the intervertebral disks of the vertebrae. In the most advanced cases, the growth plates appeared disorganized and irregular, with the disk material protruding through the growth plate. Tetranectin-null mice had a normal peak bone mass density and were not more susceptible to ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis than were their littermates as determined by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry scanning. These results demonstrate that tetranectin plays a role in tissue growth and remodeling. The tetranectin-deficient mouse is the first mouse model that resembles common human kyphotic disorders, which affect up to 8% of the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Iba
- The Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|