1
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Konger RL, Xuei X, Derr-Yellin E, Fang F, Gao H, Liu Y. The Loss of PPARγ Expression and Signaling Is a Key Feature of Cutaneous Actinic Disease and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Association with Tumor Stromal Inflammation. Cells 2024; 13:1356. [PMID: 39195246 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma in epidermal inflammation and carcinogenesis, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes observed in epidermal PPARγ-deficient mice (Pparg-/-epi). A gene set enrichment analysis revealed a close association with epithelial malignancy, inflammatory cell chemotaxis, and cell survival. Single-cell sequencing of Pparg-/-epi mice verified changes to the stromal compartment, including increased inflammatory cell infiltrates, particularly neutrophils, and an increase in fibroblasts expressing myofibroblast marker genes. A comparison of transcriptomic data from Pparg-/-epi and publicly available human and/or mouse actinic keratoses (AKs) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) revealed a strong correlation between the datasets. Importantly, PPAR signaling was the top common inhibited canonical pathway in AKs and SCCs. Both AKs and SCCs also had significantly reduced PPARG expression and PPARγ activity z-scores. Smaller reductions in PPARA expression and PPARα activity and increased PPARD expression but reduced PPARδ activation were also observed. Reduced PPAR activity was also associated with reduced PPARα/RXRα activity, while LPS/IL1-mediated inhibition of RXR activity was significantly activated in the tumor datasets. Notably, these changes were not observed in normal sun-exposed skin relative to non-exposed skin. Finally, Ppara and Pparg were heavily expressed in sebocytes, while Ppard was highly expressed in myofibroblasts, suggesting that PPARδ has a role in myofibroblast differentiation. In conclusion, these data provide strong evidence that PPARγ and possibly PPARα represent key tumor suppressors by acting as master inhibitors of the inflammatory changes found in AKs and SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond L Konger
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ethel Derr-Yellin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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2
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Sutherland L, Carter L. Sex as a Biological Variable in Early-Phase Oncology Clinical Trials: Enhancing the Path to Personalised Medicine. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32597. [PMID: 39183838 PMCID: PMC11341330 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex is an essential biological variable that influences the development, progression and response to treatment in cancer. Despite this, early-phase cancer clinical trials frequently neglect to consider sex as a variable, creating a barrier to the development of personalised medicine. This article argues that failure to identify and infer sex differences in early-phase clinical trials may result in suboptimal dosing, underestimation of toxicity, and the failure to identify potential sex-specific responses to new systemic anticancer therapies. There should be a greater focus on sex as a biological variable in drug development so that thoughtful and deliberate study design can bring precision to the development of new systemic cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Sutherland
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise Carter
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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3
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Kranjčević JK, Čonkaš J, Ozretić P. The Role of Estrogen and Estrogen Receptors in Head and Neck Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1575. [PMID: 38672656 PMCID: PMC11049451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common histological form of head and neck tumors (HNTs), which originate from the epithelium of the lips and oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, salivary glands, nasal cavity, and sinuses. The main risk factors include consumption of tobacco in all forms and alcohol, as well as infections with high-risk human papillomaviruses or the Epstein-Barr virus. Regardless of the etiological agent, the risk of developing different types of HNTs is from two to more than six times higher in males than in females. The reason for such disparities probably lies in a combination of both biological and psychosocial factors. Therefore, it is hypothesized that exposure to female sex hormones, primarily estrogen, provides women with protection against the formation and metastasis of HNTs. In this review, we synthesized available knowledge on the role of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) in the development and progression of HNTs, with special emphasis on membrane ERs, which are much less studied. We can summarize that in addition to epidemiologic studies unequivocally pointing to the protective effect of estrogen in women, an increased expression of both nuclear ERs, ERα, and ERβ, and membrane ERs, ERα36, GPER1, and NaV1.2, was present in different types of HNSCC, for which anti-estrogens could be used as an effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (J.Č.)
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4
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Goruppi S, Clocchiatti A, Bottoni G, Di Cicco E, Ma M, Tassone B, Neel V, Demehri S, Simon C, Paolo Dotto G. The ULK3 kinase is a determinant of keratinocyte self-renewal and tumorigenesis targeting the arginine methylome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:887. [PMID: 36797248 PMCID: PMC9935893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms oversee epidermal homeostasis and oncogenesis. The identification of kinases controlling these processes has direct therapeutic implications. We show that ULK3 is a nuclear kinase with elevated expression levels in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) arising in multiple body sites, including skin and Head/Neck. ULK3 loss by gene silencing or deletion reduces proliferation and clonogenicity of human keratinocytes and SCC-derived cells and affects transcription impinging on stem cell-related and metabolism programs. Mechanistically, ULK3 directly binds and regulates the activity of two histone arginine methyltransferases, PRMT1 and PRMT5 (PRMT1/5), with ULK3 loss compromising PRMT1/5 chromatin association to specific genes and overall methylation of histone H4, a shared target of these enzymes. These findings are of translational significance, as downmodulating ULK3 by RNA interference or locked antisense nucleic acids (LNAs) blunts the proliferation and tumorigenic potential of SCC cells and promotes differentiation in two orthotopic models of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
| | - Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Bottoni
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Min Ma
- Personalized Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Head and Neck Surgery Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Tassone
- Personalized Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Head and Neck Surgery Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Shadhmer Demehri
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Christian Simon
- Personalized Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Head and Neck Surgery Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
- Personalized Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Head and Neck Surgery Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland.
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland.
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5
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Drug Repurposing Applications to Overcome Male Predominance via Targeting G2/M Checkpoint in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235854. [PMID: 36497337 PMCID: PMC9741366 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is strongly characterized by a male predominance with higher mortality rates and worse responses to treatment in males versus females. Despite the role of sex hormones, other causes that may contribute to sex bias in ESCC remain largely unknown, especially as age increases and the hormone difference begins to diminish between sexes. In this study, we analyzed genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics from 663 ESCC patients and found that G2/M checkpoint pathway-related sex bias and age bias were significantly present in multi-omics data. In accordance with gene expression patterns across sexes, ten compounds were identified by applying drug repurposing from three drug sensitivity databases: The Connective Map (CMap), Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC), and The Cancer Therapeutic Response Portal (CTRP). MK1775 and decitabine showed better efficacy in two male ESCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The drugs' relevance to the transition between G2 and M was especially evident in male cell lines. In our study, we first validated the sex bias of the G2/M checkpoint pathway in ESCC and then determined that G2/M targets may be included in combination therapy for male patients to improve the efficacy of ESCC treatment.
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Exploring Potential Biomarkers, Ferroptosis Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targets Associated with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:3524022. [PMID: 36247089 PMCID: PMC9553755 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3524022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the leading cause of death in patients with nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC). However, the unclear pathogenesis of cSCC limits the application of molecular targeted therapy. Methods Three microarray datasets (GSE2503, GSE45164, and GSE66359) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). After identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tumor and nontumor tissues, five kinds of analyses, namely, functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, hub gene selection, TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network analysis, and ferroptosis mechanism, were performed. Results A total of 146 DEGs were identified with significant differences, including 113 upregulated genes and 33 downregulated genes. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEGs included microtubule-based movement, ATP binding, cell cycle, P53 signaling pathway, oocyte meiosis, and PLK1 signaling events. Nine hub genes were identified (CDK1, AURKA, RRM2, CENPE, CCNB1, KIAA0101, ZWINT, TOP2A, and ASPM). Finally, RRM2, AURKA, and SAT1 were identified as significant ferroptosis-related genes in cSCC. The differential expression of these genes has been verified in two other independent datasets. Conclusions By integrated bioinformatic analysis, the hub genes identified in this study elucidated the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis and progression of cSCC and are expected to become future biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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7
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van der Kooij MK, Dekkers OM, Aarts MJB, van den Berkmortel FWPJ, Boers-Sonderen MJ, de Groot JWB, Hospers GAP, Piersma D, van Rijn RS, Suijkerbuijk KPM, Westgeest HM, van der Veldt AAM, Vreugdenhil G, Wilgenhof S, Wouters MWJM, Haanen JBAG, van den Eertwegh AJM, Kapiteijn E. Sex-Based Differences in Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition and Targeted Therapy for Advanced Melanoma: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184639. [PMID: 34572865 PMCID: PMC8465427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is a malignant form of skin cancer. The overall survival of patients with advanced stages of disease were initially low. Fortunately, in recent years systemic treatment with immunotherapy has prolonged survival. We set out to answer the question whether men and women with advanced melanoma differ in prognostic factors, tumor-response to immunotherapy, and treatment-related adverse events. All patients in the Netherlands were registered between July 2013 and July 2018. We showed that although clinical and tumor characteristics differ, the safety profile of immunotherapy is comparable. Furthermore, overall, a 10% survival advantage for women was seen. Following immunotherapy there was no survival difference. Abstract Recent meta-analyses show conflicting data on sex-dependent benefit following systemic treatment for advanced melanoma patients. We examined the nationwide Dutch Melanoma Treatment Registry (July 2013–July 2018), assessing sex-dependent differences in advanced melanoma patients (stage IIIC/IV) with respect to clinical characteristics, mutational profiles, treatments initiated, grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs), treatment responses, and mortality. We included 3985 patients, 2363 men (59%) and showed that although men and women with advanced melanoma differ in clinical and tumor characteristics, the safety profile of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) is comparable. The data suggest a 10% survival advantage for women, mainly seen in patients ≥60 years of age and patients with BRAF V600 mutant melanoma. Following ICI there was no survival difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique K. van der Kooij
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Olaf M. Dekkers
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Maureen J. B. Aarts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Marye J. Boers-Sonderen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Geke A. P. Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Djura Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Koningsplein 1, 7512 KZ Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Rozemarijn S. van Rijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD Leeuwarden, The Netherlands;
| | - Karijn P. M. Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Hans M. Westgeest
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Ziekenhuis, Molengracht 21, 4818 CK Breda, The Netherlands;
| | - Astrid A. M. van der Veldt
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Gerard Vreugdenhil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Maxima Medical Center, de Run 4600, 5500 MB Veldhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Sofie Wilgenhof
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (J.B.A.G.H.)
| | - Michel W. J. M. Wouters
- Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing, Rijnsburgerweg 10, 2333 AA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John B. A. G. Haanen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (J.B.A.G.H.)
| | - Alfonsus J. M. van den Eertwegh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ellen Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-71-5263486
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8
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Xu TT, Zeng XW, Wang XH, Yang LX, Luo G, Yu T. Cystatin-B Negatively Regulates the Malignant Characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Via the Epithelium Proliferation/Differentiation Program. Front Oncol 2021; 11:707066. [PMID: 34504787 PMCID: PMC8421684 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.707066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance in the proteolytic process is one of the malignant signs of tumors. Proteolysis is highly orchestrated by cysteine cathepsin and its inhibitors. Cystatin-B (CSTB) is a general cysteine cathepsin inhibitor that prevents cysteine cathepsin from leaking from lysosomes and causing inappropriate proteolysis. Our study found that CSTB was downregulated in both oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and cells compared with normal controls. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CSTB was mainly distributed in the epithelial structure of OSCC tissues, and its expression intensity was related to the grade classification. A correlation analysis between CSTB and clinical prognosis was performed using gene expression data and clinical information acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Patients with lower expression levels of CSTB had shorter disease-free survival times and poorer clinicopathological features (e.g., lymph node metastases, perineural invasion, low degree of differentiation, and advanced tumor stage). OSCC cell models overexpressing CSTB were constructed to assess the effects of CSTB on malignant biological behaviors and upregulation of CSTB inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed based on the TCGA data to explore potential mechanisms, and CSTB appeared to correlate with squamous epithelial proliferation-differentiation processes, such as epidermal cell differentiation and keratinization. Moreover, in WGCNA, the gene module most associated with CSTB expression (i.e., the brown module) was also the one most associated with grade classification. Upregulation of CSTB promoted the expression levels of markers (LOR, IVL, KRT5/14, and KRT1/10), reflecting a tendency for differentiation and keratinization in vitro. Gene expression profile data of the overexpressed CSTB cell line were obtained by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. By comparing the GSEA enrichment results of RNA-seq data (from the OSCC models overexpressing CSTB) and existing public database data, three gene sets (i.e., apical junction, G2/M checkpoint, etc.) and six pathways (e.g., NOTCH signaling pathway, glycosaminoglycan degradation, mismatch repair, etc.) were enriched in the data from both sources. Overall, our study shows that CSTB is downregulated in OSCC and might regulate the malignant characteristics of OSCC via the epithelial proliferation/differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Xu
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hong Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Xi Yang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Huang Y, Yang Q, Zheng Y, Lin L, Xu X, Xu XE, Silva TC, Hazawa M, Peng L, Cao H, Ding Y, Lu D, Berman BP, Xu LY, Li EM, Yin D. Activation of bivalent factor DLX5 cooperates with master regulator TP63 to promote squamous cell carcinoma. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9246-9263. [PMID: 34370013 PMCID: PMC8450110 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To reconstruct systematically hyperactive transcription factor (TF)-dependent transcription networks in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), a computational method (ELMER) was applied to 1293 pan-SCC patient samples, and 44 hyperactive SCC TFs were identified. As a top candidate, DLX5 exhibits a notable bifurcate re-configuration of its bivalent promoter in cancer. Specifically, DLX5 maintains a bivalent state in normal tissues; its promoter is hypermethylation, leading to DLX5 transcriptional silencing in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In stark contrast, DLX5 promoter gains active histone marks and becomes transcriptionally activated in ESCC, which is directly mediated by SOX2. Functionally, silencing of DLX5 substantially inhibits SCC viability both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DLX5 cooperates with TP63 in regulating ∼2000 enhancers and promoters, which converge on activating cancer-promoting pathways. Together, our data establish a novel and strong SCC-promoting factor and elucidate a new epigenomic mechanism - bifurcate chromatin re-configuration - during cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yueyuan Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lehang Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Tiago C Silva
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Li Peng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Haotian Cao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yanbing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daning Lu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Benjamin P Berman
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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10
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Zhang X, Bian H, Wei W, Wang Q, Chen J, Hei R, Chen C, Wu X, Yuan H, Gu J, Lu Y, Cai C, Zheng Q. DLX5 promotes osteosarcoma progression via activation of the NOTCH signaling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3354-3374. [PMID: 34249467 PMCID: PMC8263696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The distal-less (dlx) homeobox transcription factors have been implicated roles in bone development. DLX5, in particular, was shown to play essential roles in osteoblast differentiation by targeting RUNX2, a master transcription factor for bone development. Interestingly, DLX5 has also been shown to play an oncogenic role in lung and other cancers, possibly via regulation of MYC expression. Given its dual roles in bone and cancer, this study aimed to investigate the effect of DLX5 on progression of osteosarcoma (OS), the primary bone cancer that is characterized by abnormal bone formation and osteoblast activity. Expression of DLX5 in OS cell lines was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB). In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the oncogenic function of DLX5 in OS cells and xenograft models. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the underlying mechanism of DLX5-mediated OS aggressiveness. The results showed that DLX5 was differentially expressed in OS cell lines, with significantly upregulated levels in HOS and MG-63 and relatively low levels in U2OS and 143B cell lines, compared with the normal bone cell line. DLX5 knockdown in HOS and MG-63 cell lines by siRNA inhibited OS cell growth and progression, and induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle changes both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, DLX5 overexpression had the opposite effect on U2OS and 143B cell lines. Notably, a positive correlation between the expression patterns of NOTCH1 and DLX5 was also observed. The expression levels of NICD (NOTCH1 intracellular domain) and HES1 (classical target of NOTCH) were closely associated with DLX5 expression. Whereas knockdown of DLX5 in OS cells resulted in decreased expression of NOTCH1 and reduced cell proliferation and migration, which were rescued by overexpression of NOTCH1. We further analyzed DLX5 and NOTCH1 genes using JASPAR software and found two potential DLX5 binding sites within the NOTCH1 promoter. Dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that DLX5 specifically activates the NOTCH1 promoter and controls its expression. Taken together, our results support that DLX5 plays an oncogenic role in OS development, which can at least partially, be attributed to activation of the NOTCH signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at Pingshan, and Shenzhen Tyercan Bio-Pharm Co., Ltd.Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Huiqin Bian
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical CenterChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ruoxuan Hei
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haochun Yuan
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Junxia Gu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yaojuan Lu
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at Pingshan, and Shenzhen Tyercan Bio-Pharm Co., Ltd.Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Cheguo Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiping Zheng
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at Pingshan, and Shenzhen Tyercan Bio-Pharm Co., Ltd.Shenzhen 518118, China
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11
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Christakoudi S, Pagoni P, Ferrari P, Cross AJ, Tzoulaki I, Muller DC, Weiderpass E, Freisling H, Murphy N, Dossus L, Turzanski Fortner R, Agudo A, Overvad K, Perez-Cornago A, Key TJ, Brennan P, Johansson M, Tjønneland A, Halkjaer J, Boutron-Ruault MC, Artaud F, Severi G, Kaaks R, Schulze MB, Bergmann MM, Masala G, Grioni S, Simeon V, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Skeie G, Rylander C, Borch KB, Quirós JR, Rodriguez-Barranco M, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Amiano P, Drake I, Stocks T, Häggström C, Harlid S, Ellingjord-Dale M, Riboli E, Tsilidis KK. Weight change in middle adulthood and risk of cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:1637-1651. [PMID: 33038275 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for several major cancers. Associations of weight change in middle adulthood with cancer risk, however, are less clear. We examined the association of change in weight and body mass index (BMI) category during middle adulthood with 42 cancers, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Of 241 323 participants (31% men), 20% lost and 32% gained weight (>0.4 to 5.0 kg/year) during 6.9 years (average). During 8.0 years of follow-up after the second weight assessment, 20 960 incident cancers were ascertained. Independent of baseline BMI, weight gain (per one kg/year increment) was positively associated with cancer of the corpus uteri (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.23). Compared to stable weight (±0.4 kg/year), weight gain (>0.4 to 5.0 kg/year) was positively associated with cancers of the gallbladder and bile ducts (HR = 1.41; 1.01-1.96), postmenopausal breast (HR = 1.08; 1.00-1.16) and thyroid (HR = 1.40; 1.04-1.90). Compared to maintaining normal weight, maintaining overweight or obese BMI (World Health Organisation categories) was positively associated with most obesity-related cancers. Compared to maintaining the baseline BMI category, weight gain to a higher BMI category was positively associated with cancers of the postmenopausal breast (HR = 1.19; 1.06-1.33), ovary (HR = 1.40; 1.04-1.91), corpus uteri (HR = 1.42; 1.06-1.91), kidney (HR = 1.80; 1.20-2.68) and pancreas in men (HR = 1.81; 1.11-2.95). Losing weight to a lower BMI category, however, was inversely associated with cancers of the corpus uteri (HR = 0.40; 0.23-0.69) and colon (HR = 0.69; 0.52-0.92). Our findings support avoiding weight gain and encouraging weight loss in middle adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Christakoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Panagiota Pagoni
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - David C Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer. Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jytte Halkjaer
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe "Exposome, Hérédité, Cancer et Santé", CESP, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Fanny Artaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe "Exposome, Hérédité, Cancer et Santé", CESP, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe "Exposome, Hérédité, Cancer et Santé", CESP, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, and Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Manuela M Bergmann
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Dep. of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University "L.Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP) Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic university of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic university of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Researach Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Isabel Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tanja Stocks
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christel Häggström
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Merete Ellingjord-Dale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
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12
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Varshney MK, Yu NYL, Katayama S, Li X, Liu T, Wu WF, Töhönen V, Krjutškov K, Kere J, Fan X, Inzunza J, Gustafsson JÅ, Nalvarte I. Motor Function Deficits in the Estrogen Receptor Beta Knockout Mouse: Role on Excitatory Neurotransmission and Myelination in the Motor Cortex. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:27-44. [PMID: 31991411 DOI: 10.1159/000506162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) knockout (BERKO) mice display anxiety and aggression linked to, among others, altered serotonergic signaling in the basolateral amygdala and dorsal raphe, impaired cortical radial glia migration, and reduced GABAergic signaling. The effects on primary motor cortex (M1 cortex) and locomotor activity as a consequence of ERβ loss have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether locomotor activity is altered as a consequence of the changes in the M1 cortex. METHODS The locomotor activity of male wild-type (WT) and BERKO mice was evaluated using the open-field and rotarod tests. Molecular changes in the M1 cortex were analyzed by RNA sequencing, electron microscopy, electrophysiology, and immunohistological techniques. In addition, we established oligodendrocyte (OL) cultures from WT and BERKO mouse embryonic stem cells to evaluate OL function. RESULTS Locomotor profiling revealed that BERKO mice were more active than WT mice but had impaired motor coordination. Analysis of the M1 cortex pointed out differences in synapse function and myelination. There was a reduction in GABAergic signaling resulting in imbalanced excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission as well as a defective OL differentiation accompanied by myelin defects. The effects of ERβ loss on OL differentiation were confirmed in vitro. CONCLUSION ERβ is an important regulator of GABAergic interneurons and OL differentiation, which impacts on adult M1 cortex function and may be linked to increased locomotor activity and decreased motor coordination in BERKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Yiu-Lin Yu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan-Fu Wu
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Virpi Töhönen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaarel Krjutškov
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Folkhälsan Research Institute, Helsinki, and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Folkhälsan Research Institute, Helsinki, and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - José Inzunza
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden,
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13
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Katarkar A, Bottoni G, Clocchiatti A, Goruppi S, Bordignon P, Lazzaroni F, Gregnanin I, Ostano P, Neel V, Dotto GP. NOTCH1 gene amplification promotes expansion of Cancer Associated Fibroblast populations in human skin. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5126. [PMID: 33046701 PMCID: PMC7550609 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumor microenvironment. Genomic alterations in these cells remain a point of contention. We report that CAFs from skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) display chromosomal alterations, with heterogeneous NOTCH1 gene amplification and overexpression that also occur, to a lesser extent, in dermal fibroblasts of apparently unaffected skin. The fraction of the latter cells harboring NOTCH1 amplification is expanded by chronic UVA exposure, to which CAFs are resistant. The advantage conferred by NOTCH1 amplification and overexpression can be explained by NOTCH1 ability to block the DNA damage response (DDR) and ensuing growth arrest through suppression of ATM-FOXO3a association and downstream signaling cascade. In an orthotopic model of skin SCC, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NOTCH1 activity suppresses cancer/stromal cells expansion. Here we show that NOTCH1 gene amplification and increased expression in CAFs are an attractive target for stroma-focused anti-cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Katarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Bottoni
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Pino Bordignon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Lazzaroni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, 13900, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, 13900, Italy
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland. .,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02125, USA. .,International Cancer Prevention Institute, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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14
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Alexandrova E, Giurato G, Saggese P, Pecoraro G, Lamberti J, Ravo M, Rizzo F, Rocco D, Tarallo R, Nyman TA, Collina F, Cantile M, Di Bonito M, Botti G, Nassa G, Weisz A. Interaction Proteomics Identifies ERbeta Association with Chromatin Repressive Complexes to Inhibit Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Exert An Oncosuppressive Role in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:245-260. [PMID: 31792072 PMCID: PMC7000115 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by poor response to therapy and low overall patient survival. Recently, Estrogen Receptor beta (ERβ) has been found to be expressed in a fraction of TNBCs where, because of its oncosuppressive actions on the genome, it represents a potential therapeutic target, provided a better understanding of its actions in these tumors becomes available. To this end, the cell lines Hs 578T, MDA-MB-468 and HCC1806, representing the claudin-low, basal-like 1 and 2 TNBC molecular subtypes respectively, were engineered to express ERβ under the control of a Tetracycline-inducible promoter and used to investigate the effects of this transcription factor on gene activity. The antiproliferative effects of ERβ in these cells were confirmed by multiple functional approaches, including transcriptome profiling and global mapping of receptor binding sites in the genome, that revealed direct negative regulation by ERβ of genes, encoding for key components of cellular pathways associated to TNBC aggressiveness representing novel therapeutic targets such as angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and cholesterol biosynthesis. Supporting these results, interaction proteomics by immunoprecipitation coupled to nano LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry revealed ERβ association with several potential nuclear protein partners, including key components of regulatory complexes known to control chromatin remodeling, transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation and RNA splicing. Among these, ERβ association with the Polycomb Repressor Complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1/2), known for their central role in gene regulation in cancer cells, was confirmed in all three TNBC subtypes investigated, suggesting its occurrence independently from the cellular context. These results demonstrate a significant impact of ERβ in TNBC genome activity mediated by its cooperation with regulatory multiprotein chromatin remodeling complexes, providing novel ground to devise new strategies for the treatment of these diseases based on ligands affecting the activity of this nuclear receptor or some of its protein partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy; Genomix4Life Srl, Spin-Off of the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy; Genomix4Life Srl, Spin-Off of the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy
| | - Pasquale Saggese
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Giovanni Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy
| | - Jessica Lamberti
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy
| | - Maria Ravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy; Genomix4Life Srl, Spin-Off of the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy
| | - Domenico Rocco
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Collina
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (NA), 80131 Italy
| | - Monica Cantile
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (NA), 80131 Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Bonito
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (NA), 80131 Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (NA), 80131, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), 84081, Italy.
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15
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Urata Y, Takeuchi H. Effects of Notch glycosylation on health and diseases. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 62:35-48. [PMID: 31886522 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway and is essential for cell-fate specification in metazoans. Dysregulation of Notch signaling results in various human diseases, including cardiovascular defects and cancer. In 2000, Fringe, a known regulator of Notch signaling, was discovered as a Notch-modifying glycosyltransferase. Since then, glycosylation-a post-translational modification involving literal sugars-on the Notch extracellular domain has been noted as a critical mechanism for the regulation of Notch signaling. Additionally, the presence of diverse O-glycans decorating Notch receptors has been revealed in the extracellular domain epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats. Here, we concisely summarize the recent studies in the human diseases associated with aberrant Notch glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Urata
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Wagner AD, Oertelt-Prigione S, Adjei A, Buclin T, Cristina V, Csajka C, Coukos G, Dafni U, Dotto GP, Ducreux M, Fellay J, Haanen J, Hocquelet A, Klinge I, Lemmens V, Letsch A, Mauer M, Moehler M, Peters S, Özdemir BC. Gender medicine and oncology: report and consensus of an ESMO workshop. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1914-1924. [PMID: 31613312 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of sex and gender as modulators of disease biology and treatment outcomes is well known in other disciplines of medicine, such as cardiology, but remains an undervalued issue in oncology. Considering the increasing evidence for their relevance, European Society for Medical Oncology decided to address this topic and organized a multidisciplinary workshop in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 30 November and 1 December 2018. DESIGN Twenty invited faculty members and 40 selected physicians/scientists participated. Relevant content was presented by faculty members on the basis of a literature review conducted by each speaker. Following a moderated consensus session, the final consensus statements are reported here. RESULTS Clinically relevant sex differences include tumour biology, immune system activity, body composition and drug disposition and effects. The main differences between male and female cells are sex chromosomes and the level of sexual hormones they are exposed to. They influence both local and systemic determinants of carcinogenesis. Their effect on carcinogenesis in non-reproductive organs is largely unknown. Recent evidence also suggests differences in tumour biology and molecular markers. Regarding body composition, the difference in metabolically active, fat-free body mass is one of the most prominent: in a man and a woman of equal weight and height, it accounts for 80% of the man's and 65% of the woman's body mass, and is not taken into account in body-surface area based dosing of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Sex differences in cancer biology and treatment deserve more attention and systematic investigation. Interventional clinical trials evaluating sex-specific dosing regimens are necessary to improve the balance between efficacy and toxicity for drugs with significant pharmacokinetic differences. Especially in diseases or disease subgroups with significant differences in epidemiology or outcomes, men and women with non-sex-related cancers should be considered as biologically distinct groups of patients, for whom specific treatment approaches merit consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - S Oertelt-Prigione
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Adjei
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - T Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University, Lausanne
| | - V Cristina
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Csajka
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University, Lausanne; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Lausanne
| | - G Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Lausanne Branch and Swiss Cancer Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - U Dafni
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G-P Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - M Ducreux
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Unit, Gustave Roussy, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - J Fellay
- Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne; EPFL School of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Haanen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Department of Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Hocquelet
- Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Klinge
- Dutch Society for Gender and Health
| | - V Lemmens
- Department of Research and Development, Comprehensive Cancer Organisation the Netherlands, Utrecht; Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Letsch
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charity CBF, Berlin; Charity Comprehensive Cancer Center CCCC, Berlin; Palliative Care Unit, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M Moehler
- Department of Internal Medicine 1/Gastrointestinal Oncology, Johannes-Gutenberg-University Clinic, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Peters
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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17
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Cheboub A, Regouat N, Djidjik R, Slimani A, Hadj-Bekkouche F. Short-term aromatase inhibition induces prostatic alterations in adult wistar rat: A biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:151441. [PMID: 31522738 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of estrogen reduction on amyloid deposition, some lipid metabolism and oxidative stress markers, PSA-like production and p63 expression in the prostate of the adult rat. METHODS Aromatase inhibitor: Formestane (4-OHA), was administrated to male rats, at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg b.w./day, for 10 days. The control group (CONT) received the same volume of placebo injection (NaCl 0.9%). RESULTS 4-OHA treatment induced a significant accumulation of intraprostatic cholesterol (138.90 ± 17.64 vs 85.12 ± 2.87, p = 0.01); against an insignificant diminution of malondialdehyde (412.6 ± 54.35 vs 842.70 ± 336.50, p > 0.05) and glutathione (2.40 ± 0.23 vs 3.65 ± 0.88, p > 0.05). This was associated with a significant decrease of nitric oxide (31.76 ± 7.07 vs 179.40 ± 58.35, p = 0.024). Additionally, 4-OHA significantly increased the intraprostatic production of PSA-like (11.12 ± 2.78 vs 3.91 ± 0.43, p = 0.043). The prostatic histology revealed an amyloid deposition, in all prostatic lobes and a smooth muscle layer growth (p < 0.05); especially significant in the dorsal and lateral lobes. Theses lobes manifested a basal cells proliferation, with a 3-fold increase of p63 expression (p < 0.001). The ventral lobe presented epithelial atrophy (37.80 ± 16.20 vs 167.60 ± 5.16, p < 0.05); with occasional and significant proliferative foci (247.00 ± 9.573 vs 167.60 ± 5.16 p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Aromatase inhibition, in the adult male rat, alters the prostatic function by reducing nitric oxide availability and inducing amyloid deposition along with limiting the differentiation of basal cells, through a lobe-specific p63-overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Cheboub
- Faculty of Biology Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria.
| | - Nadia Regouat
- Faculty of Biology Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria
| | - Reda Djidjik
- Immunology Service of Isaad Hassani-Beni Messous Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Assia Slimani
- Pathological Anatomy Service of Isaad Hassani-Beni Messous Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Hadj-Bekkouche
- Faculty of Biology Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria
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18
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Liu H, Chen D, Liu P, Xu S, Lin X, Zeng R. Secondary analysis of existing microarray data reveals potential gene drivers of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15270-15278. [PMID: 30697722 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, with an increasing incidence in recent years. To define the molecular basis that drive cSCC development and progression, this study aimed at identifying potential novel molecular targets for the diagnosis and therapy of patients with cSCC. Two data sets with the accession number GSE45164 and GSE66359 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from these two data sets, respectively, between cSCC samples and controls, a combination of DEGs from these two data sets were subjected to the following analyses, including functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module construction, transcription factor (TF)-target regulation prediction, and drug-gene interaction predictive analysis. A total of 204 upregulated genes and 213 downregulated genes were found in two data sets which were used for the follow-up analysis. Upregulated and downregulated genes were mainly involved in the functions such as cell division, mitotic nuclear division, cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathway. Interferon induced protein family members and proteasome subunit members were involved in the TF-target regulatory network, such as PSMB8, CXCL10, and IFIT3. Eight upregulated genes ( TOP2A, CXCL8, RRM2, PSMB8, PSMB9, PBK, CXCL10, and ISG15) that were hub genes in the PPI network and significant modules were identified in the predicted drug-gene interaction. In conclusion, TOP2A, CXCL8, RRM2, PSMB8, PSMB9, PBK, CXCL10, and ISG15 may be potential targets for the diagnosis and therapy of patients with cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daxiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqia Xu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xunxun Lin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixi Zeng
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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CSL controls telomere maintenance and genome stability in human dermal fibroblasts. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3884. [PMID: 31467287 PMCID: PMC6715699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer. Whether it also occurs in Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) remains to be carefully investigated. Loss of CSL/RBP-Jκ, the effector of canonical NOTCH signaling with intrinsic transcription repressive function, causes conversion of dermal fibroblasts into CAFs. Here, we find that CSL down-modulation triggers DNA damage, telomere loss and chromosome end fusions that also occur in skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)-associated CAFs, in which CSL is decreased. Separately from its role in transcription, we show that CSL is part of a multiprotein telomere protective complex, binding directly and with high affinity to telomeric DNA as well as to UPF1 and Ku70/Ku80 proteins and being required for their telomere association. Taken together, the findings point to a central role of CSL in telomere homeostasis with important implications for genomic instability of cancer stromal cells and beyond. Conversion of dermal fibroblasts into Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) can play an important role in keratinocyte tumour development. Here the authors reveal that CSL plays a role in maintenance of telomeres and genomic integrity in both dermal fibroblasts and CAFs.
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20
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Ren Z, Zhang C, Ma L, Zhang X, Shi S, Tang D, Xu J, Hu Y, Wang B, Zhang F, Zhang X, Zheng H. Lysophosphatidic acid induces the migration and invasion of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells through the LPA2 and Notch signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:67-78. [PMID: 31115486 PMCID: PMC6559315 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a simple water‑soluble glycerophospholipid with growth factor‑like activity, regulates certain behaviors of multiple cancer types by binding to its receptor, LPA receptor 2 (LPA2). Notch1 is a key mediator in multiple human cancer cell types. The association between LPA2 and Notch1 in gastric cancer cells is not well known. The present study aimed to investigate the function of LPA2 and Notch1 in controlling the migration and invasion activities of SGC‑7901 gastric cancer cells following stimulation with LPA. It was revealed that LPA may stimulate the expression of Notch1 and Hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B which belongs to the Notch pathway. Furthermore, by performing transwell migration and invasion assays, immunofluorescent staining, analyzing the expression of markers for the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) and downregulating LPA2 and Notch1 expression, it was verified that LPA2 and Notch1 mediated the metastasis, invasion, EMT and rebuilding of the cytoskeleton of SGC‑7901 cells upon LPA treatment. An immunoprecipitation assay revealed that LPA2 interacted with Notch1 in SGC‑7901 cells. The present study may provide novel ideas and an experimental basis for identifying the factors that affect the functions of SGC‑7901 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Chenli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Linna Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Shuxia Shi
- Clinical Teaching Department of Lanzhou Modern Vocational College, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Deng Tang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Department of Third General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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21
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Clocchiatti A, Ghosh S, Procopio MG, Mazzeo L, Bordignon P, Ostano P, Goruppi S, Bottoni G, Katarkar A, Levesque M, Kölblinger P, Dummer R, Neel V, Özdemir BC, Dotto GP. Androgen receptor functions as transcriptional repressor of cancer-associated fibroblast activation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5531-5548. [PMID: 30395538 DOI: 10.1172/jci99159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging-associated increase of cancer risk is linked with stromal fibroblast senescence and concomitant cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) activation. Surprisingly little is known about the role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in this context. We have found downmodulated AR expression in dermal fibroblasts underlying premalignant skin cancer lesions (actinic keratoses and dysplastic nevi) as well as in CAFs from the 3 major skin cancer types, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas. Functionally, decreased AR expression in primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from multiple individuals induced early steps of CAF activation, and in an orthotopic skin cancer model, AR loss in HDFs enhanced tumorigenicity of SCC and melanoma cells. Forming a complex, AR converged with CSL/RBP-Jκ in transcriptional repression of key CAF effector genes. AR and CSL were positive determinants of each other's expression, with BET inhibitors, which counteract the effects of decreased CSL, restoring AR expression and activity in CAFs. Increased AR expression in these cells overcame the consequences of CSL loss and was by itself sufficient to block the growth and tumor-enhancing effects of CAFs on neighboring cancer cells. As such, the findings establish AR as a target for stroma-focused cancer chemoprevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Luigi Mazzeo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pino Bordignon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | - Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giulia Bottoni
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atul Katarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kölblinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berna C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Co-Expression Analysis Reveals Mechanisms Underlying the Varied Roles of NOTCH1 in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 14:223-236. [PMID: 30408569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.10.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Notch receptor family dysregulation can be tumor promoting or suppressing depending on cellular context. Our studies shed light on the mechanistic differences that are responsible for NOTCH1's opposing roles in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS We integrated transcriptional patient-derived datasets with gene co-expression analyses to elucidate mechanisms behind NOTCH1 function in subsets of NSCLC. Differential co-expression was examined using hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis. Enrichment analysis was used to examine pathways associated with the underlying transcriptional networks. These pathways were validated in vitro and in vivo. Endogenously epitope-tagged NOTCH1 was used to identify novel interacting proteins. RESULTS NOTCH1 co-expressed genes in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma were distinct and associated with either angiogenesis and immune system pathways or cell cycle control and mitosis pathways, respectively. Tissue culture and xenograft studies of lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous models with NOTCH1 knockdown showed growth differences and opposing effects on these pathways. Differential NOTCH1 interacting proteins were identified as potential mediators of these differences. CONCLUSIONS Recognition of the opposing role of NOTCH1 in lung cancer, downstream pathways, and interacting proteins in each context may help direct the development of rational NOTCH1 pathway-dependent targeted therapies for specific tumor subsets of NSCLC.
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23
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Jung J, Jang K, Ju JM, Lee E, Lee JW, Kim HJ, Kim J, Lee SB, Ko BS, Son BH, Lee HJ, Gong G, Ahn SY, Choi JK, Singh SR, Chang S. Novel cancer gene variants and gene fusions of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) reveal their molecular diversity conserved in the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Cancer Lett 2018; 428:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Al Labban D, Jo SH, Ostano P, Saglietti C, Bongiovanni M, Panizzon R, Dotto GP. Notch-effector CSL promotes squamous cell carcinoma by repressing histone demethylase KDM6B. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2581-2599. [PMID: 29757189 DOI: 10.1172/jci96915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch 1/2 genes play tumor-suppressing functions in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a very common malignancy in skin and internal organs. In contrast with Notch, we show that the transcription factor CSL (also known as RBP-Jκ), a key effector of canonical Notch signaling endowed with intrinsic transcription-repressive functions, plays a tumor-promoting function in SCC development. Expression of this gene decreased in upper epidermal layers and human keratinocytes (HKCs) undergoing differentiation, while it increased in premalignant and malignant SCC lesions from skin, head/neck, and lung. Increased CSL levels enhanced the proliferative potential of HKCs and SCC cells, while silencing of CSL induced growth arrest and apoptosis. In vivo, SCC cells with increased CSL levels gave rise to rapidly expanding tumors, while cells with silenced CSL formed smaller and more differentiated tumors with enhanced inflammatory infiltrate. Global transcriptomic analysis of HKCs and SCC cells with silenced CSL revealed major modulation of apoptotic, cell-cycle, and proinflammatory genes. We also show that the histone demethylase KDM6B is a direct CSL-negative target, with inverse roles of CSL in HKC and SCC proliferative capacity, tumorigenesis, and tumor-associated inflammatory reaction. CSL/KDM6B protein expression could be used as a biomarker of SCC development and indicator of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Al Labban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Seung-Hee Jo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | | | | | - Renato Panizzon
- Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Goruppi S, Procopio MG, Jo S, Clocchiatti A, Neel V, Dotto GP. The ULK3 Kinase Is Critical for Convergent Control of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Activation by CSL and GLI. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2468-2479. [PMID: 28877478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The connection between signaling pathways activating cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) remains to be determined. Metabolic alterations linked to autophagy have also been implicated in CAF activation. CSL/RBPJ, a transcriptional repressor that mediates Notch signaling, suppresses the gene expression program(s), leading to stromal senescence and CAF activation. Deregulated GLI signaling can also contribute to CAF conversion. Here, we report that compromised CSL function depends on GLI activation for conversion of human dermal fibroblasts into CAFs, separately from cellular senescence. Decreased CSL upregulates the expression of the ULK3 kinase, which binds and activates GLI2. Increased ULK3 also induces autophagy, which is unlinked from GLI and CAF activation. ULK3 upregulation occurs in the CAFs of several tumor types, and ULK3 silencing suppresses the tumor-enhancing properties of these cells. Thus, ULK3 links two key signaling pathways involved in CAF conversion and is an attractive target for stroma-focused anti-cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Bldg., 13th St. Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Maria-Giuseppina Procopio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 155 Chemin des Boveresses, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Seunghee Jo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Bldg., 13th St. Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Bldg., 13th St. Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Bldg., 13th St. Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 155 Chemin des Boveresses, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland.
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26
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Rong C, Meinert ÉFRC, Hess J. Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Radiotherapy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030713. [PMID: 29498642 PMCID: PMC5877574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have established a proof of concept that abnormal expression and function of estrogen receptors (ER) are crucial processes in initiation and development of hormone-related cancers and also affect the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy. Radiotherapy has been applied as one of the most common and potent therapeutic strategies, which is synergistic with surgical excision, chemotherapy and targeted therapy for treating malignant tumors. However, the impact of ionizing radiation on ER expression and ER-related signaling in cancer tissue, as well as the interaction between endocrine and irradiation therapy remains largely elusive. This review will discuss recent findings on ER and ER-related signaling, which are relevant for cancer radiotherapy. In addition, we will summarize pre-clinical and clinical studies that evaluate the consequences of anti-estrogen and irradiation therapy in cancer, including emerging studies on head and neck cancer, which might improve the understanding and development of novel therapeutic strategies for estrogen-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Rong
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Étienne Fasolt Richard Corvin Meinert
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jochen Hess
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Singh RK, Dagnino L. CDH1 regulates E2F1 degradation in response to differentiation signals in keratinocytes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4977-4993. [PMID: 27903963 PMCID: PMC5354885 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2F1 transcription factor plays key roles in skin homeostasis. In the epidermis, E2F1 expression is essential for normal proliferation of undifferentiated keratinocytes, regeneration after injury and DNA repair following UV radiation-induced photodamage. Abnormal E2F1 expression promotes nonmelanoma skin carcinoma. In addition, E2F1 must be downregulated for proper keratinocyte differentiation, but the relevant mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We show that differentiation signals induce a series of post-translational modifications in E2F1 that are jointly required for its downregulation. Analysis of the structural determinants that govern these processes revealed a central role for S403 and T433. In particular, substitution of these two amino acid residues with non-phosphorylatable alanine (E2F1 ST/A) interferes with E2F1 nuclear export, K11- and K48-linked polyubiquitylation and degradation in differentiated keratinocytes. In contrast, replacement of S403 and T433 with phosphomimetic aspartic acid to generate a pseudophosphorylated E2F1 mutant protein (E2F1 ST/D) generates a protein that is regulated in a manner indistinguishable from that of wild type E2F1. Cdh1 is an activating cofactor that interacts with the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin E3 ligase, promoting proteasomal degradation of various substrates. We found that Cdh1 associates with E2F1 in keratinocytes. Inhibition or RNAi-mediated silencing of Cdh1 prevents E2F1 degradation in response to differentiation signals. Our results reveal novel regulatory mechanisms that jointly modulate post-translational modifications and downregulation of E2F1, which are necessary for proper epidermal keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randeep K Singh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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28
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Kostrzewski T, Borg AJ, Meng Y, Filipovic I, Male V, Wack A, DiMaggio PA, Brady HJM. Multiple Levels of Control Determine How E4bp4/Nfil3 Regulates NK Cell Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1370-1381. [PMID: 29311361 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor E4bp4/Nfil3 has been shown to have a critical role in the development of all innate lymphoid cell types including NK cells. In this study, we show that posttranslational modifications of E4bp4 by either SUMOylation or phosphorylation have profound effects on both E4bp4 function and NK cell development. We examined the activity of E4bp4 mutants lacking posttranslational modifications and found that Notch1 was a novel E4bp4 target gene. We observed that abrogation of Notch signaling impeded NK cell production and the total lack of NK cell development from E4bp4-/- progenitors was completely rescued by short exposure to Notch peptide ligands. This work reveals both novel mechanisms in NK cell development by a transcriptional network including E4bp4 with Notch, and that E4bp4 is a central hub to process extrinsic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kostrzewski
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron J Borg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Yiran Meng
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Iva Filipovic
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Male
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Wack
- Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A DiMaggio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Hugh J M Brady
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;
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29
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Wei W, Chen Y, Xu J, Zhou Y, Bai X, Yang M, Zhu J. Identification of Biomarker for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Microarray Data Analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:400-406. [PMID: 29344286 PMCID: PMC5771347 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the most malignant tumors worldwide. We aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of this CSCC and screen feature genes that can function as the biomarker of CSCC and thus provide a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis research and development of medicine. The method of microarray data analysis was used in this study to explore the differentially expressed genes between tissues of normal specimens and tissues of patients with CSCC. Besides, functional enrichment analysis and signal pathway were performed on these genes to screen the feature genes that are closely associated with CSCC can function as the potential biomarkers of CSCC.A total of 53 samples from two datasets, GSE45216 and GSE45164, were used in the differentially expressed analysis. And as a result, a total of 833 genes were screened out, including 465 up-regulated genes and 215 down-regulated genes. Candidate genes, including up-regulated genes like S100A12, MMP1, DEFB4B/DEFB4A, KRT16 and PI3, and down-regulated genes like EGR3, LRP4, C14orf132, PAMR1, CCL27, and KRT2 were screened out. All these genes were testified in the dataset of GSE66359. The result showed that only three genes, KRT16, PI3 and EGR3, were mostly differentially expressed and only EGR3 had the same expression pattern with both datasets, GSE45216 and GSE45164.Of note, EGR3 gene was found to be the most differentially expressed gene in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, which had the potential to function as the candidate genes and help in the diagnosis and prognostic treatments of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Oncology Department, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinping Bai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Central hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Central hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ju Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Central hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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30
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Role of estrogen receptor beta in neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10428-E10437. [PMID: 29133394 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714094114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to propagate mature cells and tissue from pluripotent stem cells offers enormous promise for treating many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Before such cells can be used successfully in neurodegenerative diseases without causing unwanted cell growth and migration, genes regulating growth and migration of neural stem cells need to be well characterized. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is essential for migration of neurons and glial cells in the developing mouse brain. To examine whether ERβ influences differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) into neural lineages, we compared control and ERβ knockout (BERKO) mESCs at defined stages of neural development and examined the effects of an ERβ-selective ligand (LY3201) with a combination of global and targeted gene-expression profiling and the expression of key pluripotency markers. We found that ERβ was induced in embryoid bodies (EBs) and neural precursor cells (NPCs) during development. Proliferation was higher in BERKO NPCs and was inhibited by LY3201. Neurogenesis was reduced in BERKO ES cells, and oligodendrogliogenesis was enhanced. BERKO EBs expressed higher levels of key ectodermal and neural progenitor markers and lower levels of markers for mesoderm and endoderm lineages. ERβ-regulated factors are involved in cell adhesion, axon guidance, and signaling of Notch and GABA receptor pathways, as well as factors important for the differentiation of neuronal precursors into dopaminergic neurons (Engrailed 1) and for the oligodendrocyte fate acquisition (Olig2). Our data suggest that ERβ is an important component for differentiation into midbrain neurons as well as for preventing precocious oligodendrogliogenesis.
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31
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Iotzova-Weiss G, Freiberger SN, Johansen P, Kamarachev J, Guenova E, Dziunycz PJ, Roux GA, Neu J, Hofbauer GFL. TLR4 as a negative regulator of keratinocyte proliferation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185668. [PMID: 28982115 PMCID: PMC5628845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR4 is an innate immune receptor with expression in human skin, keratinocytes as well as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin. In the present study we investigate the role of TLR4 as a negative regulator of keratinocyte proliferation. We present here that the expression of TLR4 increased with the differentiation of cultured keratinocytes in a passage-dependent manner or under calcium-rich conditions. Moreover, the down-regulation of TLR4 by specific knockdown increased the proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro. In addition, subcutaneously injected HaCaT keratinocytes with shTLR4 formed growing tumors in nude mice. In contrast, we observed lower proliferation and increased migration in vitro of the SCC13 cell line stably overexpressing TLR4 in comparison to SCC13 TLR4 negative cells. In vivo, SCC13 TLR4-overexpressing tumors showed delayed growth in comparison to TLR4 negative tumors. The overexpression of TLR4 in SCC13 tumor cells was followed by phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK and increased expression of ATF3. In gene expression arrays, the overexpression of TLR4 in tumor cells correlated with gene expression of ATF-3, IL-6, CDH13, CXCL-1 and TFPI. In summary, TLR4 negatively regulates the proliferation of keratinocytes and its overexpression reduces tumor growth of SCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Kamarachev
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piotr J. Dziunycz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume A. Roux
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Neu
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Distinct effects of EGFR inhibitors on epithelial- and mesenchymal-like esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:101. [PMID: 28764725 PMCID: PMC5540425 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the clinical effects of EGFR inhibitors on ESCC are controversial. This study sought to identify the factors determining the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in ESCC cells. Methods Immortalized-human esophageal epithelial cells (EPC2-hTERT), transformed-human esophageal epithelial cells (T-Epi and T-Mes), and ESCC cells (TE-1, TE-5, TE-8, TE-11, TE-11R, and HCE4) were treated with the EGFR inhibitors erlotinib or cetuximab. Inhibitory effects on cell growth were assessed by cell counting or cell-cycle analysis. The expression levels of genes and proteins such as involucrin and cytokeratin13 (a squamous differentiation marker), E-cadherin, and vimentin were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blotting. To examine whether mesenchymal phenotype influenced the effects of EGFR inhibitors, we treated T-Epi cells with TGF-β1 to establish a mesenchymal phenotype (mesenchymal T-Epi cells). We then compared the effects of EGFR inhibitors on parental T-Epi cells and mesenchymal T-Epi cells. TE-8 (mesenchymal-like ESCC cells)- or TE-11R (epithelial-like ESCC cells)-derived xenograft tumors in mice were treated with cetuximab, and the antitumor effects of EGFR inhibitors were evaluated. Results Cells were classified as epithelial-like or mesenchymal-like phenotypes, determined by the expression levels of E-cadherin and vimentin. Both erlotinib and cetuximab reduced cell growth and the ratio of cells in cell-cycle S phase in epithelial-like but not mesenchymal-like cells. Additionally, EGFR inhibitors induced squamous cell differentiation (defined as increased expression of involucrin and cytokeratin13) in epithelial-like but not mesenchymal-like cells. We found that EGFR inhibitors did not suppress the phosphorylation of EGFR in mesenchymal-like cells, while EGFR dephosphorylation was observed after treatment with EGFR inhibitors in epithelial-like cells. Furthermore, mesenchymal T-Epi cells showed resistance to EGFR inhibitors by circumventing the dephosphorylation of EGFR signaling. Cetuximab consistently showed antitumor effects, and increased involucrin expression in TE-11R (epithelial-like)-derived xenograft tumors but not TE-8 (mesenchymal-like)-derived xenograft tumors. Conclusions The factor determining the therapeutic effects of EGFR inhibitors in ESCC cells is the phenotype representing the epithelial-like or mesenchymal-like cells. Mesenchymal-like ESCC cells are resistant to EGFR inhibitors because EGFR signaling is not blocked. EGFR inhibitors show antitumor effects on epithelial-like ESCC cells accompanied by promotion of squamous cell differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0572-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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33
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Tan Y, Sementino E, Xu J, Pei J, Liu Z, Ito TK, Cai KQ, Peri S, Klein-Szanto AJP, Wiest DL, Testa JR. The homeoprotein Dlx5 drives murine T-cell lymphomagenesis by directly transactivating Notch and upregulating Akt signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14941-14956. [PMID: 28122332 PMCID: PMC5362456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes play a critical role in embryonic development, but they have also been implicated in cancer through mechanisms that are largely unknown. While not expressed during normal T-cell development, homeobox transcription factor genes can be reactivated via recurrent chromosomal rearrangements in human T-cell acute leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL), a malignancy often associated with activated Notch and Akt signaling. To address how epigenetic reprogramming via an activated homeobox gene might contribute to T-lymphomagenesis, we investigated a transgenic mouse model with thymocyte-specific overexpression of the Dlx5 homeobox gene. We demonstrate for the first time that Dlx5 induces T-cell lymphomas with high penetrance. Integrated ChIP-seq and mRNA microarray analyses identified Notch1/3 and Irs2 as direct transcriptional targets of Dlx5, a gene signature unique to lymphomas from Lck-Dlx5 mice as compared to T-cell lymphomas from Lck-MyrAkt2 mice, which were previously reported by our group. Moreover, promoter/enhancer studies confirmed that Dlx5 directly transactivates Notch expression. Notch1/3 expression and Irs2-induced Akt signaling were upregulated throughout early stages of T-cell development, which promoted cell survival during β-selection of T lymphocytes. Dlx5 was required for tumor maintenance via its activation of Notch and Akt, as tumor cells were highly sensitive to Notch and Akt inhibitors. Together, these findings provide unbiased genetic and mechanistic evidence that Dlx5 acts as an oncogene when aberrantly expressed in T cells, and that it is a novel discovery that Notch is a direct target of Dlx5. These experimental findings provide mechanistic insights about how reactivation of the Dlx5 gene can drive T-ALL by aberrant epigenetic reprogramming of the T-cell genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfei Tan
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Eleonora Sementino
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jinfei Xu
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jianming Pei
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Zemin Liu
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Timothy K Ito
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Suraj Peri
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Andres J P Klein-Szanto
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - David L Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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34
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Hazawa M, Lin DC, Handral H, Xu L, Chen Y, Jiang YY, Mayakonda A, Ding LW, Meng X, Sharma A, Samuel S, Movahednia MM, Wong RW, Yang H, Tong C, Koeffler HP. ZNF750 is a lineage-specific tumour suppressor in squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:2243-2254. [PMID: 27819679 PMCID: PMC5415641 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
ZNF750 controls epithelial homeostasis by regulating epidermal-differentiation genes, a role underscored by its pathogenic mutations in esophageal squamous cell cancers (SCCs). However, the precise role of ZNF750 in SCC cell biology remains unclear. In this study, we report that ZNF750 is exclusively deleted, mutated and underexpressed in human SCCs, and low ZNF750 expression is associated with poor survival. Restoration of wildtype, but not mutant ZNF750 protein uniquely inhibited the malignant phenotypes of SCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, ZNF750 promoted the expression of a long non-coding RNA (TINCR), which mediated both cancer-inhibition and differentiation-induction effects of ZNF750. In addition, ZNF750 potently suppressed cell migration by directly inhibiting the transactivation of LAMC2. Together, our findings characterize ZNF750 as a crucial SCC-specific suppressor and uncover its novel anticancer-associated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hazawa
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - D-C Lin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - H Handral
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - L Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y-Y Jiang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - L-W Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - X Meng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Sharma
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Samuel
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M M Movahednia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - R W Wong
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Tong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H P Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore
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35
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Sun Y, Sang Z, Jiang Q, Ding X, Yu Y. Transcriptomic characterization of differential gene expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of publicly available microarray data sets. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5439-6. [PMID: 27704359 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly prevalent cancer worldwide, and OSCC often goes undiagnosed until advanced disease is present, which contributes to a low survival rate for OSCC patients. The identification of biomarkers for the early detection OSCC and novel therapeutic targets for OSCC treatment is an important research objective. We performed bioinformatics analyses of the gene expression profile of OSCC using microarray data to identify genes that contribute to the development of OSCC. We also predicted the transcription factors involved in the regulation of differential gene expression in OSCC. Our results showed that PI3K, EGFR, STAT1, and CPBP are important contributors to the changes in cellular physiology that occur during the development of OSCC. Therefore, these genes represent potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhijian Sang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaojun Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Youcheng Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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36
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Kong BY, Haugh IM, Schlosser BJ, Getsios S, Paller AS. Mind the Gap: Sex Bias in Basic Skin Research. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:12-14. [PMID: 26763418 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the recent National Institutes of Health proposal for balanced use of male and female cells and animals in preclinical studies, we explored whether sex bias exists in skin research. We surveyed 802 dermatological research articles from 2012 through 2013. No information about the sex of studied cells or animals was provided in 60% of papers. Among keratinocytes of known sex, 70% were male. Few studies compared male versus female cells or animals. Disclosure of sex and comparative studies contribute to our understanding of the biologic basis of sex differences. Addressing sex-specific differences in preclinical research informs subsequent clinical trial design and promotes individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Y Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Isabel M Haugh
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bethanee J Schlosser
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Spiro Getsios
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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37
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Dotto GP, Rustgi AK. Squamous Cell Cancers: A Unified Perspective on Biology and Genetics. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:622-637. [PMID: 27165741 PMCID: PMC4870309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) represent the most frequent human solid tumors and are a major cause of cancer mortality. These highly heterogeneous tumors arise from closely interconnected epithelial cell populations with intrinsic self-renewal potential inversely related to the stratified differentiation program. SCCs can also originate from simple or pseudo-stratified epithelia through activation of quiescent cells and/or a switch in cell-fate determination. Here, we focus on specific determinants implicated in the development of SCCs by recent large-scale genomic, genetic, and epigenetic studies, and complementary functional analysis. The evidence indicates that SCCs from various body sites, while clinically treated as separate entities, have common determinants, pointing to a unified perspective of the disease and potential new avenues for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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38
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Abstract
The incidence of many types of cancer arising in organs with non-reproductive functions is significantly higher in male populations than in female populations, with associated differences in survival. Occupational and/or behavioural factors are well-known underlying determinants. However, cellular and molecular differences between the two sexes are also likely to be important. In this Opinion article, we focus on the complex interplay that sex hormones and sex chromosomes can have in intrinsic control of cancer-initiating cell populations, the tumour microenvironment and systemic determinants of cancer development, such as the immune system and metabolism. A better appreciation of these differences between the two sexes could be of substantial value for cancer prevention as well as treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Elisa Cora
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Yosra Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH-1066, Switzerland
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39
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Yan L, Zhan C, Wu J, Wang S. Expression profile analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4259-65. [PMID: 27035117 PMCID: PMC4838150 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the major histological type of head and neck cancer and no curative treatments are currently available. Using advanced sequencing technologies, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has produced large-scale sequencing data, which provide unprecedented opportunities to reveal molecular mechanisms of cancer. The present study analyzed the mRNA and micro (mi)RNA expression data of HNSCC and normal control tissues released by the TCGA database using a bioinformatics approach to explore underlying molecular mechanisms. The mRNA and miRNA expression data were downloaded from the TCGA database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) between HNSCC and normal head and neck tissues were identified using TwoClassDif. Subsequently, the gene functions and pathways which are significantly altered in HNSCC were identified using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Regulatory networks among DEGs and DEMs were then constructed, and transcription factors (TFs) potentially regulating the DEGs and DEMs were determined and a TF - miRNA - gene network was established. A total of 2,594 significant DEGs (1,087 upregulated and 1,507 downregulated), and 25 DEMs (8 upregulated and 17 downregulated) were identified in HNSCC compared with normal control samples. These DEGs were significantly enriched in GOs and KEGG pathways such as mitosis, cell cycle, Wnt, JAK/STAT and TLR signaling pathway. CPBP, NF-AT1 and miR-1 were situated in the central hub of the TF - miRNA - gene network, underlining their central roles in regulatory processes specific for HNSCC. The present study enhanced the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HNSCC and may offer novel strategies for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Shengzi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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40
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Henrique T, José Freitas da Silveira N, Henrique Cunha Volpato A, Mioto MM, Carolina Buzzo Stefanini A, Bachir Fares A, Gustavo da Silva Castro Andrade J, Masson C, Verónica Mendoza López R, Daumas Nunes F, Paulo Kowalski L, Severino P, Tajara EH. HNdb: an integrated database of gene and protein information on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2016; 2016:baw026. [PMID: 27013077 PMCID: PMC4806539 DOI: 10.1093/database/baw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The total amount of scientific literature has grown rapidly in recent years. Specifically, there are several million citations in the field of cancer. This makes it difficult, if not impossible, to manually retrieve relevant information on the mechanisms that govern tumor behavior or the neoplastic process. Furthermore, cancer is a complex disease or, more accurately, a set of diseases. The heterogeneity that permeates many tumors is particularly evident in head and neck (HN) cancer, one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. In this study, we present HNdb, a free database that aims to provide a unified and comprehensive resource of information on genes and proteins involved in HN squamous cell carcinoma, covering data on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, literature citations and also cross-references of external databases. Different literature searches of MEDLINE abstracts were performed using specific Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) for oral, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. A curated gene-to-publication assignment yielded a total of 1370 genes related to HN cancer. The diversity of results allowed identifying novel and mostly unexplored gene associations, revealing,for example, that processes linked to response to steroid hormone stimulus are significantly enriched in genes related to HN carcinomas. Thus, our database expands the possibilities for gene networks investigation, providing potential hypothesis to be tested. Database URL:http://www.gencapo.famerp.br/hndb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Henrique
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Av Brigadeiro Faria Lima n° 5416 Vila Sao Pedro 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil
| | - Nelson José Freitas da Silveira
- Institute of Exact Science, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, Brazil, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 Centro 37130-000 - Alfenas, MG - Brazil
| | - Arthur Henrique Cunha Volpato
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Av Brigadeiro Faria Lima n° 5416 Vila Sao Pedro 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil
| | - Mayra Mataruco Mioto
- Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Av Brigadeiro Faria Lima n° 5416 Vila Sao Pedro 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Buzzo Stefanini
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Av Brigadeiro Faria Lima n° 5416 Vila Sao Pedro 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil R. do Matão Butantã 05508-090 - São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adil Bachir Fares
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Av Brigadeiro Faria Lima n° 5416 Vila Sao Pedro 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil
| | - João Gustavo da Silva Castro Andrade
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Av Brigadeiro Faria Lima n° 5416 Vila Sao Pedro 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil
| | - Carolina Masson
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Av Brigadeiro Faria Lima n° 5416 Vila Sao Pedro 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil
| | - Rossana Verónica Mendoza López
- State of São Paulo Cancer Institute - ICESP, SP, Brazil Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251 Pacaembu 01246-000 - São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2227 Butantã 05508-000 - São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Luis Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Cancer Hospital A.C. Camargo, SP, Brazil Rua Prof Antonio Prudente, 211 Liberdade 01509-010 - São Paulo, SP - Brazil and
| | - Patricia Severino
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, Brazil Av. Albert Einstein, 627 Morumbi 05652-000 - São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Eloiza Helena Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Av Brigadeiro Faria Lima n° 5416 Vila Sao Pedro 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil R. do Matão Butantã 05508-090 - São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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41
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Cancer Stem Cell Signaling during Repopulation in Head and Neck Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1894782. [PMID: 26880935 PMCID: PMC4736761 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1894782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate cancer stem signaling during the repopulation response of a head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) xenograft after radiation treatment. Xenografts were generated from low passage HNSCC cells and were treated with either sham radiation or 15 Gy in one fraction. At different time points, days 0, 3, and 10 for controls and days 4, 7, 12, and 21, after irradiation, 3 tumors per group were harvested for global gene expression, pathway analysis, and immunohistochemical evaluation. 316 genes were identified that were associated with a series of stem cell-related genes and were differentially expressed (p ≤ 0.01 and 1.5-fold) at a minimum of one time point in UT-SCC-14 xenografts after radiation. The largest network of genes that showed significant changes after irradiation was associated with CD44, NOTCH1, and MET. c-MET and ALDH1A3 staining correlated with the changes in gene expression. A clear pattern emerged that was consistent with the growth inhibition data in that genes associated with stem cell pathways were most active at day 7 and day 12 after irradiation. The MET/CD44 axis seemed to be an important component of the repopulation response.
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Arnette C, Koetsier JL, Hoover P, Getsios S, Green KJ. In Vitro Model of the Epidermis: Connecting Protein Function to 3D Structure. Methods Enzymol 2015; 569:287-308. [PMID: 26778564 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Much of our understanding of the biological processes that underlie cellular functions in humans, such as cell-cell communication, intracellular signaling, and transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of gene expression, has been acquired from studying cells in a two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture environment. However, it has become increasingly evident that the 2D environment does not support certain cell functions. The need for more physiologically relevant models prompted the development of three-dimensional (3D) cultures of epithelial, endothelial, and neuronal tissues (Shamir & Ewald, 2014). These models afford investigators with powerful tools to study the contribution of spatial organization, often in the context of relevant extracellular matrix and stromal components, to cellular and tissue homeostasis in normal and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Arnette
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul Hoover
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Spiro Getsios
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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43
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Iotzova-Weiss G, Dziunycz PJ, Freiberger SN, Läuchli S, Hafner J, Vogl T, French LE, Hofbauer GFL. S100A8/A9 stimulates keratinocyte proliferation in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin via the receptor for advanced glycation-end products. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120971. [PMID: 25811984 PMCID: PMC4374726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common neoplasm in organ transplant recipients (OTR) on long-term immunosuppression and occurs 60- to 100-fold more frequently than in the general population. Here, we present the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and S100A8/A9 as important factors driving normal and tumor keratinocyte proliferation. RAGE and S100A8/A9 were transcriptionally upregulated in SCC compared to normal epidermis, as well as in OTR compared to immunocompetent patients (IC) with SCC. The proliferation of normal and SCC keratinocytes was induced by exposure to exogenous S100A8/A9 which in turn was abolished by blocking of RAGE. The migratory activities of normal and SCC keratinocytes were also increased upon exposure to S100A8/A9. We demonstrated that exogenous S100A8/A9 induces phosphorylation of p38 and SAPK/JNK followed by activation of ERK1/2. We hypothesize that RAGE and S100A8/A9 contribute to the development of human SCC by modulating keratinocyte growth and migration. These processes do not seem to be impaired by profound drug-mediated immunosuppression in OTR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr J. Dziunycz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Severin Läuchli
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University Clinic Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars E. French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Martin A, Salvador F, Moreno-Bueno G, Floristán A, Ruiz-Herguido C, Cuevas EP, Morales S, Santos V, Csiszar K, Dubus P, Haigh JJ, Bigas A, Portillo F, Cano A. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 represses Notch1 expression in the skin to promote squamous cell carcinoma progression. EMBO J 2015; 34:1090-109. [PMID: 25759215 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including fibrosis and tumor progression, implicating intracellular and extracellular functions. To explore the specific in vivo role of LOXL2 in physiological and tumor contexts, we generated conditional gain- and loss-of-function mouse models. Germ-line deletion of Loxl2 promotes lethality in half of newborn mice mainly associated to congenital heart defects, while Loxl2 overexpression triggers male sterility due to epididymal dysfunction caused by epithelial disorganization, fibrosis and acute inflammation. Remarkably, when challenged to chemical skin carcinogenesis, Loxl2-overexpressing mice increased tumor burden and malignant progression, while Loxl2-deficient mice exhibit the opposite phenotypes. Loxl2 levels in premalignant tumors negatively correlate with expression of epidermal differentiation markers and components of the Notch1 pathway. We show that LOXL2 is a direct repressor of NOTCH1. Additionally, we identify an exclusive expression pattern between LOXL2 and members of the canonical NOTCH1 pathway in human HNSCC. Our data identify for the first time novel LOXL2 roles in tissue homeostasis and support it as a target for SCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain Fundación MD Anderson International Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Floristán
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eva P Cuevas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saleta Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katalin Csiszar
- John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI, USA
| | - Pierre Dubus
- Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Universitie Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Anna Bigas
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Médiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Portillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Cano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Cumulative findings from many research groups have identified new signaling mechanisms associated with head and neck cancers. We summarize these findings, including discussion of aberrant NOTCH, PI3K, STAT3, immune recognition, oxidative pathway, and regulation of cell cycle and cell death. The genomic landscape of head and neck cancers has been shown to differ depending on human papillomavirus (HPV) status. We discuss studies examining the integration of HPV into genomic regions, as well as the epigenetic alterations that occur in response to HPV infection, and how these may help reveal new biomarker and treatment predictors. The characterization of premalignant lesions is also highlighted, as is evidence indicating that the surgical removal of these lesions is associated with better clinical outcomes. Current surgical methods are also discussed, including several less aggressive approaches such as minimal invasive robotic surgery. While much remains to be done in the fight against head and neck cancer, continued integration of basic research with new treatment options will likely lead to more effective therapeutic strategies directed against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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