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Ueda H, Joh K, Ueda Y, Marumoto H, Okabe M, Isaka N, Tsuboi N, Kojima H, Miyazaki Y, Yokoo T. Accelerated involution of germinal center in palatine tonsils in IgA nephropathy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301853. [PMID: 38709804 PMCID: PMC11073668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered immunological responses in the palatine tonsils may be involved in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The germinal center serves as the site for antigen-specific humoral immune responses in the palatine tonsils. Germinal center involution is frequently observed in the palatine tonsils of IgAN (IgAN tonsils). However, the pathogenic significance of these characteristic changes remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the morphological changes in secondary lymphoid follicles in IgAN tonsils and to evaluate the correlation between the morphometric results and the clinicopathological severity of IgAN. METHODS The tonsils of age-matched patients with recurrent tonsillitis (RT tonsils) were used as controls. The correlation between the degree of lymphoid follicular involution and histopathological severities in clinical or kidney biopsy was evaluated. RESULTS In total, 87 patients with IgAN were included (48% male, median age 35 years, median estimated glomerular filtration rate: 74 mL/min/1.73 m2). Compared to RT tonsils, IgAN tonsils showed smaller median sizes of lymphoid follicles and germinal centers (P < 0.001). The relative areas of lymphoid follicles (%LFA) and germinal centers (%GCA) in the total tonsillar tissue were smaller in the IgAN tonsils than in the RT tonsils (P < 0.001). In contrast, the median proportion of mantle zones in the total tonsillar tissue was comparable between the groups. A lower %LFA was associated with a longer period from the onset of urinary abnormalities to biopsy diagnosis and higher urinary protein excretion (P = 0.01). %LFA showed significant negative correlations with frequencies of glomeruli with both global and segmental sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirmed accelerated germinal center involution in the tonsils of patients with IgAN. This characteristic change in the IgAN tonsil correlates with heavy proteinuria and advanced chronic histopathological changes in the kidneys, thereby suggesting the involvement of repeated tonsillar immunoreactions during IgAN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Joh
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Marumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Isaka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kojima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Coimbra MT, Silvano J, Martins LS. Medical Challenges of a Common Variable Immunodeficiency With a TNFRSF13B Gene Mutation in a Simultaneous Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Recipient. Cureus 2023; 15:e44211. [PMID: 37767270 PMCID: PMC10521941 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder, with hypogammaglobulinemia and increased susceptibility to recurrent infections, autoimmune disorders, granulomatous diseases and malignancy. Among the solid organ transplant (SOT) recipient population, those with primary immunodeficiency disorders under chronic immunosuppression therapy can theoretically be at higher risk of atypical infections, autoimmune complications and disease recurrence with suboptimal long term graft survival, but literature is scarce. Here, we report a 27-year-old female with type 1 diabetes mellitus, complicated with nephropathy that progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), who had a history of a chronic inflammatory response dysregulation, with chronic monoarthritis, persistent elevation of inflammation markers, recurrent infections, low immunoglobulin G (IgG) and A (IgA) serum levels, a slightly decreased population of memory B cells at flow cytometric immunophenotyping, and a confirmed pathological heterozygous mutation in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 13B (TNFRSF13B), with a suspected diagnosis of CVID. Whilst on hemodialysis, she received a simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplant from a standard criteria donor (SCD), and our induction and maintenance immunosuppression protocol and prophylaxis regimen allowed for a successful transplant with immediate pancreatic function, with no evidence of renal graft rejection upon biopsy in the early post-transplant period, and no novel episodes of serious infectious complications were recorded during a follow-up period of six months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Silvano
- Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, PRT
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3
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Guldenpfennig C, Teixeiro E, Daniels M. NF-kB's contribution to B cell fate decisions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214095. [PMID: 37533858 PMCID: PMC10391175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling is essential to an effective innate and adaptive immune response. Many immune-specific functional and developmental outcomes depend in large on NF-κB. The formidable task of sorting out the mechanisms behind the regulation and outcome of NF-κB signaling remains an important area of immunology research. Here we briefly discuss the role of NF-κB in regulating cell fate decisions at various times in the path of B cell development, activation, and the generation of long-term humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Guldenpfennig
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mark Daniels
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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4
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Accommodation in allogeneic and xenogeneic organ transplantation: Prevalence, impact, and implications for monitoring and for therapeutics. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:5-17. [PMID: 36244871 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Accommodation refers to acquired resistance of organs or tissues to immune or inflammatory reactions that might otherwise cause severe injury or rejection. As first observed in ABO-incompatible kidney transplants and heterotopic cardiac xenografts, accommodation was identified when organ transplants continued to function despite the presence of anti-graft antibodies and/or other reactants in the blood of recipients. Recent evidence suggests many and perhaps most organ transplants have accommodation, as most recipients mount B cell responses specific for the graft. Wide interest in the impact of graft-specific antibodies on the outcomes of transplants prompts questions about which mechanisms confer protection against such antibodies, how accommodation might be detected and whether and how rejection could be superimposed on accommodation. Xenotransplantation offers a unique opportunity to address these questions because immune responses to xenografts are easily detected and the pathogenic impact of immune responses is so severe. Xenotransplantation also provides a compelling need to apply these and other insights to decrease the intensity and toxicity of immunosuppression that otherwise could limit clinical application.
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5
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Cascalho M, Platt JL. TNFRSF13B in B cell responses to organ transplantation. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:27-33. [PMID: 36333165 PMCID: PMC10429825 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies directed against organ transplants are thought to pose the most vexing hurdle to enduring function and survival of the transplants, particularly organ xenotransplants, and accordingly basic and clinical investigation has focused on elucidating the specificity and pathogenicity of graft-specific antibodies. While much has been learned about these matters, far less is known about the B cells producing graft-specific antibodies and why these antibodies appear to injure some grafts but not others. With the goal of addressing those questions, we have investigated the properties of tumor necrosis factor receptor super family-13B (TNFRSF13B), which regulates various aspects of B cell responses. A full understanding of the functions of TNFRSF13B however is hindered by extreme polymorphism and by diversity of interactions of the protein. Nevertheless, TNFRSF13B variants have been found to exert distinct impact on natural and elicited antibody responses and host defense and mutations of TNFRSF13B have been found to influence the propensity for development of antibody-mediated rejection of organ transplants. Because B cell responses potentially limit application of xenotransplantation, understanding how TNFRSF13B diversity and TNFRSF13B variants govern immunity in xenotransplantation could inspire development of novel therapeutics that could in turn accelerate clinical implementation of xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Cascalho
- Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Jeffrey L Platt
- Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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6
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Guslund NC, Krabberød AK, Nørstebø SF, Solbakken MH, Jakobsen KS, Johansen FE, Qiao SW. Lymphocyte subsets in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) interrogated by single-cell sequencing. Commun Biol 2022; 5:689. [PMID: 35821077 PMCID: PMC9276791 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) has lost the major histocompatibility complex class II presentation pathway. We recently identified CD8-positive T cells, B cells, and plasma cells in cod, but further characterisation of lymphocyte subsets is needed to elucidate immune adaptations triggered by the absence of CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to examine the lymphocyte heterogeneity in Atlantic cod spleen. We describe five T cell subsets and eight B cell subsets and propose a B cell trajectory of differentiation. Notably, we identify a subpopulation of T cells that are CD8-negative. Most of the CD8-negative T lymphocytes highly express the homologue of monocyte chemotactic protein 1b, and another subset of CD8-negative T lymphocytes express the homologue of the scavenger receptor m130. Uncovering the multiple lymphocyte cell sub-clusters reveals the different immune states present within the B and T cell populations, building a foundation for further work. Single-cell sequencing of naïve and vaccinated Atlantic Cod uncovers multiple B and T lymphocyte subsets including a subset of T lymphocytes expressing neither CD4 or CD8 and reveals different immune states present within B and T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Croft Guslund
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anders K Krabberød
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simen F Nørstebø
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Monica Hongrø Solbakken
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetill S Jakobsen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Eirik Johansen
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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7
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Nowacka KH, Jabłońska E. Role of the APRIL molecule in solid tumors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 61:38-44. [PMID: 34446365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The APRIL molecule, produced by immune cells, their precursors, and cancer cells, is one of the important factors that influences the process of survival and proliferation of cancer cells. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of APRIL on human cancer development and develop a scheme demonstrating the mechanism of the action of APRIL on solid tumors. Understanding the effects of APRIL, including the intracellular signal transduction pathway, may be key for the use of this protein as a biomarker of the cancer process. The correlations observed between APRIL levels and cancer parameters (e.g., disease stage and presence of malignant phenotypes) indicate that APRIL may play an important role, not only in the diagnostic process, but also as a therapeutic target in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Henryka Nowacka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
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8
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Baert L, Ahmed MC, Manfroi B, Huard B. The number 13 of the family: a proliferation inducing ligand. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:132-137. [PMID: 34411773 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The TNF superfamily member a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL, TNFSF13) plays a late role in humoral immunity at the level of antibody-producing plasmocytes. The recent characterization of the first immunodeficient patient with an inactivating mutation in the APRIL gene provided the last piece of functional data lacking in the human system. Based on this function, APRIL has been considered as a valuable target to dampen unwanted antibody production. After reviewing the late data acquired on the physiological function of APRIL in humoral immunity, we will here review the state of the art regarding APRIL targeting in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Baert
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble-Alpes/INSERM U1209/CNRS UMR5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Mashal Claude Ahmed
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble-Alpes/INSERM U1209/CNRS UMR5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Benoit Manfroi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble-Alpes/INSERM U1209/CNRS UMR5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Bertrand Huard
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble-Alpes/INSERM U1209/CNRS UMR5309, La Tronche, France.
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9
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de Mattos Barbosa MG, Lefferts AR, Huynh D, Liu H, Zhang Y, Fu B, Barnes J, Samaniego M, Bram RJ, Geha R, Shikanov A, Luning Prak ET, Farkash EA, Platt JL, Cascalho M. TNFRSF13B genotypes control immune-mediated pathology by regulating the functions of innate B cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e150483. [PMID: 34283811 PMCID: PMC8492324 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Host genes define the severity of inflammation and immunity but specific loci doing so are unknown. Here we show that TNF receptor superfamily member 13B (TNFRSF13B) variants, which enhance defense against certain pathogens, also control immune-mediated injury of transplants, by regulating innate B cells’ functions. Analysis of TNFRSF13B in human kidney transplant recipients revealed that 33% of those with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) but fewer than 6% of those with stable graft function had TNFRSF13B missense mutations. To explore mechanisms underlying aggressive immune responses, we investigated alloimmunity and rejection in mice. Cardiac allografts in Tnfrsf13b-mutant mice underwent early and severe AMR. The dominance and precocity of AMR in Tnfrsf13b-deficient mice were not caused by increased alloantibodies. Rather, Tnfrsf13b mutations decreased “natural” IgM and compromised complement regulation, leading to complement deposition in allografted hearts and autogenous kidneys. Thus, WT TNFRSF13B and Tnfrsf13b support innate B cell functions that limit complement-associated inflammation; in contrast, common variants of these genes intensify inflammatory responses that help clear microbial infections but allow inadvertent tissue injury to ensue. The wide variation in inflammatory reactions associated with TNFRSF13B diversity suggests polymorphisms could underlie variation in host defense and explosive inflammatory responses that sometimes enhance morbidity associated with immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam R Lefferts
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Daniel Huynh
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Beverly Fu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Jenna Barnes
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Milagros Samaniego
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Richard J Bram
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic/Foundation, Rochester, United States of America
| | - Raif Geha
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Evan A Farkash
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L Platt
- Transplantation Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Marilia Cascalho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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10
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Salzer U, Grimbacher B. TACI deficiency - a complex system out of balance. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:81-88. [PMID: 34247095 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
TACI promotes T-cell independent antibody responses and plasma cell differentiation and counteracts BAFF driven B-cell activation. Mutations in TNFRSF13B (encoding TACI) are associated with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) but are also found in 1-2% of the general population. Although not diseases causing, certain TNFRSF13B mutations predispose CVID patients to autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation. Recently, studies of TACI-deficient humans and murine models revealed novel aspects of TACI, especially its crosstalk with the TLR pathways, differential expression of TACI isoforms, and its role in the generation of autoreactive B-cells. Vice versa, these studies are instrumental for a better understanding of TACI deficiency in humans and suggest that gene dosage, mutation type, and additional clinical or laboratory abnormalities influence the relevance of TNFRSF13B variants in individual CVID patients. TACI is embedded in a complex and well-balanced system, which is vulnerable to genetic and possibly also environmental hits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Salzer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center - University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany; RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Matsuda Y, Watanabe T, Li XK. Approaches for Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection Through Targeting B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682334. [PMID: 34276669 PMCID: PMC8282180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Both acute and chronic antibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR), which are directly mediated by B cells, remain difficult to treat. Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) in bone marrow (BM) play a crucial role in the production of the antibodies that induce AMR. However, LLPCs survive through a T cell-independent mechanism and resist conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Desensitization therapy is therefore performed, although it is accompanied by severe side effects and the pathological condition may be at an irreversible stage when these antibodies, which induce AMR development, are detected in the serum. In other words, AMR control requires the development of a diagnostic method that predicts its onset before LLPC differentiation and enables therapeutic intervention and the establishment of humoral immune monitoring methods providing more detailed information, including individual differences in the susceptibility to immunosuppressive agents and the pathological conditions. In this study, we reviewed recent studies related to the direct or indirect involvement of immunocompetent cells in the differentiation of naïve-B cells into LLPCs, the limitations of conventional methods, and the possible development of novel control methods in the context of AMR. This information will significantly contribute to the development of clinical applications for AMR and improve the prognosis of patients who undergo organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Matsuda
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Cascalho M, Platt JL. TNFRSF13B Diversification Fueled by B Cell Responses to Environmental Challenges-A Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:634544. [PMID: 33679786 PMCID: PMC7925820 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell differentiation and memory are controlled by the transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), a receptor encoded by TNFRSF13B. TNFRSF13B mutations are frequently found in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and in IgA -deficiency; yet, ~98% of those with mutant TNFRSF13B are healthy. Indeed, TNFRSF13B is among the 5% most polymorphic genes in man. Other mammals evidence polymorphism at comparable loci. We hypothesize that TNFRSF13B diversity might promote rather than detract from well-being by controlling key elements of innate immunity. We shall discuss how extraordinary diversity of TNFRSF13B could have evolved and persisted across diverse species of mammals by controlling innate and adaptive B cell responses in apparently paradoxical ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Cascalho
- Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Platt
- Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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13
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Sicard T, Kassardjian A, Julien JP. B cell targeting by molecular adjuvants for enhanced immunogenicity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:1023-1039. [PMID: 33252273 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1857736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adjuvants are critical components of vaccines to improve the quality and durability of immune responses. Molecular adjuvants are a specific subclass of adjuvants where ligands of known immune-modulatory receptors are directly fused to an antigen. Co-stimulation of the B cell receptor (BCR) and immune-modulatory receptors through this strategy can augment downstream signaling to improve antibody titers and/or potency, and survival in challenge models. AREAS COVERED C3d has been the most extensively studied molecular adjuvant and shown to improve immune responses to a number of antigens. Similarly, tumor necrosis superfamily ligands, such as BAFF and APRIL, as well as CD40, CD180, and immune complex ligands can also improve humoral immunity as molecular adjuvants. EXPERT OPINION However, no single strategy has emerged that improves immune outcomes in all contexts. Thus, systematic exploration of molecular adjuvants that target B cell receptors will be required to realize their full potential as next-generation vaccine technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Sicard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , ON, Canada
| | - Audrey Kassardjian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , ON, Canada
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14
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Grasset EK, Chorny A, Casas-Recasens S, Gutzeit C, Bongers G, Thomsen I, Chen L, He Z, Matthews DB, Oropallo MA, Veeramreddy P, Uzzan M, Mortha A, Carrillo J, Reis BS, Ramanujam M, Sintes J, Magri G, Maglione PJ, Cunningham-Rundles C, Bram RJ, Faith J, Mehandru S, Pabst O, Cerutti A. Gut T cell-independent IgA responses to commensal bacteria require engagement of the TACI receptor on B cells. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:eaat7117. [PMID: 32737068 PMCID: PMC8349226 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat7117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The gut mounts secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) responses to commensal bacteria through nonredundant T cell-dependent (TD) and T cell-independent (TI) pathways that promote the establishment of mutualistic host-microbiota interactions. SIgAs from the TD pathway target penetrant bacteria, and their induction requires engagement of CD40 on B cells by CD40 ligand on T follicular helper cells. In contrast, SIgAs from the TI pathway bind a larger spectrum of bacteria, but the mechanism underpinning their production remains elusive. Here, we show that the intestinal TI pathway required CD40-independent B cell-activating signals from TACI, a receptor for the innate CD40 ligand-like factors BAFF and APRIL. TACI-induced SIgA responses targeted a fraction of the gut microbiota without shaping its overall composition. Of note, TACI was dispensable for TD induction of IgA in gut-associated lymphoid organs. Thus, BAFF/APRIL signals acting on TACI orchestrate commensal bacteria-specific SIgA responses through an intestinal TI program.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Grasset
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Chorny
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S Casas-Recasens
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - C Gutzeit
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - I Thomsen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Aachen University, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - L Chen
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Z He
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - D B Matthews
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - M A Oropallo
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - P Veeramreddy
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - M Uzzan
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - A Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - J Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- IrsiCaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - B S Reis
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Ramanujam
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - J Sintes
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - G Magri
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - P J Maglione
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - C Cunningham-Rundles
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - R J Bram
- Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - J Faith
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S Mehandru
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - O Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Aachen University, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - A Cerutti
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08003, Spain
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15
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Kampa M, Notas G, Stathopoulos EN, Tsapis A, Castanas E. The TNFSF Members APRIL and BAFF and Their Receptors TACI, BCMA, and BAFFR in Oncology, With a Special Focus in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:827. [PMID: 32612943 PMCID: PMC7308424 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily consists of 19 ligands and 29 receptors and is related to multiple cellular events from proliferation and differentiation to apoptosis and tumor reduction. In this review, we overview the whole system, and we focus on A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL, TNFSF13) and B cell-activating factor (BAFF, TNFSF13B) and their receptors transmembrane activator and Ca2+ modulator (CAML) interactor (TACI, TNFRSF13B), B cell maturation antigen (BCMA, TNFRSF17), and BAFF receptor (BAFFR, TNFRSF13C). We explore their role in cancer and novel biological therapies introduced for multiple myeloma and further focus on breast cancer, in which the modulation of this system seems to be of potential interest, as a novel therapeutic target. Finally, we discuss some precautions which should be taken into consideration, while targeting the APRIL–BAFF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklon, Greece
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklon, Greece
| | | | - Andreas Tsapis
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklon, Greece
| | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklon, Greece
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16
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Platt JL, Garcia de Mattos Barbosa M, Cascalho M. The five dimensions of B cell tolerance. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:180-193. [PMID: 31609002 PMCID: PMC10387221 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
B cell tolerance has been generally understood to be an acquired property of the immune system that governs antibody specificity in ways that avoid auto-toxicity. As useful as this understanding has proved, it fails to fully explain the existence of auto-reactive specificities in healthy individuals and contribution these may have to health. Mechanisms underlying B cell tolerance are considered to select a clonal repertoire that generates a collection of antibodies that do not bind self, ie tolerance operates more or less in three dimensions that largely spare autologous cells and antigens. Yet, most B lymphocytes in humans and probably in other vertebrates are auto-reactive and absence of these auto-reactive B cells is associated with disease. We suggest that auto-reactivity can be embodied by extending the concept of tolerance by two further dimensions, one of time and circumstance and one that allows healthy cells to actively resist injury. In this novel concept, macromolecular recognition by the B cell receptor leading to deletion, anergy, receptor editing or B cell activation is extended by taking account of the time of development of normal immune responses (4th dimension) and the accommodation (or tolerance) of normal cells to bound antibody, activation of complement, and interaction with inflammatory cells (fifth dimension). We discuss how these dimensions contribute to understanding B cell biology in health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L. Platt
- Department of Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Lead Contacts Ann Arbor MI USA
| | | | - Marilia Cascalho
- Department of Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Lead Contacts Ann Arbor MI USA
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17
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Abo-Elfadl MT, Gamal-Eldeen AM, Ismail MF, Shahin NN. Silencing of the cytokine receptor TNFRSF13B: A new therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancer. Cytokine 2019; 125:154790. [PMID: 31400636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNFRSF13B, TACI, is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily; it plays a key role in cancer cell proliferation and progression. METHOD Influence of silencing of human cytokine receptors on cell viability was screened by Luminescent Cell Viability Assay, after transfection of the siRNA library to find the maximum cell death superhits in both triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and double-positive MCF7 breast cells. The mode of cell death was investigated by dual DNA fluorescence staining. The expression of mRNAs of TACI, BAFF, BAFF-R, and APRIL was explored by qPCR. Immunocytofluorescence analysis was used to evaluate changes in TACI, Bcl-2, TNFR2, cyclin-D2, and PCNA. NF-kB p65, cell cycle, and necrosis/apoptosis (late and early) were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS TACI is the most potent cytotoxic superhit resulted from high-throughput screening of the siRNA library, in both types of cells. Our findings indicated that silencing receptor TACI in both types of breast cancer cells led to significant cell death, after different intervals from siRNA transfection. Cell death mediators (TNFR2, Bcl-2, and NF-κB) were significantly decreased after TACI silencing. The key factors for cell division (Cyclin-D2 and PCNA) were significantly increased in silenced cells of both types but the cell cycle was arrested before the completion of mitosis. Expression of BAFF, BAFF-R and APRIL mRNA in TACI-silenced cells showed significant upregulation in MDA-MB-231 cells, while only BAFF-R and APRIL showed significant downregulation in MCF7 cells. CONCLUSION TACI silencing can be a new and promising therapeutic target for mesenchymal-stem like triple-negative breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud T Abo-Elfadl
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira M Gamal-Eldeen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt; Clinical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Al Mutamarat Rd, Al Mathnah, At Taif 26521, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manal F Ismail
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy N Shahin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Platt JL, Cascalho M. Non-canonical B cell functions in transplantation. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:363-377. [PMID: 30980861 PMCID: PMC6544480 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
B cells are differentiated to recognize antigen and respond by producing antibodies. These activities, governed by recognition of ancillary signals, defend the individual against microorganisms and the products of microorganisms and constitute the canonical function of B cells. Despite the unique differentiation (e.g. recombination and mutation of immunoglobulin gene segments) toward this canonical function, B cells can provide other, "non-canonical" functions, such as facilitating of lymphoid organogenesis and remodeling and fashioning T cell repertoires and modifying T cell responses. Some non-canonical functions are exerted by antibodies, but most are mediated by other products and/or direct actions of B cells. The diverse set of non-canonical functions makes the B cell as much as any cell a central organizer of innate and adaptive immunity. However, the diverse products and actions also confound efforts to weigh the importance of individual non-canonical B cell functions. Here we shall describe the non-canonical functions of B cells and offer our perspective on how those functions converge in the development and governance of immunity, particularly immunity to transplants, and hurdles to advancing understanding of B cell functions in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Platt
- Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Marilia Cascalho
- Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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19
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The role of APRIL - A proliferation inducing ligand - In autoimmune diseases and expectations from its targeting. J Autoimmun 2018; 95:179-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Parra M, Yang J, Weitner M, Derrick S, Yang A, Schmidt T, Singh B, Moreno A, Akkoyunlu M. TACI Contributes to Plasmodium yoelii Host Resistance by Controlling T Follicular Helper Cell Response and Germinal Center Formation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2612. [PMID: 30473702 PMCID: PMC6237915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The delay in parasite-specific B cell development leaves people in malaria endemic areas vulnerable to repeated Plasmodium infections. Here, we investigated the role of transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), a molecule involved in the generation of antigen-specific antibody secreting cells, in host response to non-lethal Plasmodium yoelii infection. We found that TACI deficiency not only resulted in higher peak parasitemia levels in P. yoelii challenged mice, but also led to a delay in parasite clearance and anti-P. yoelii Merozoite Surface Protein 1(C-terminal 19-kDa fragment [rMSP-119]) protein and anti-rMSP-119 and anti-P. yoelii IgG antibody development. There was also a delay in the generation of splenic high affinity antibody secreting cells that recognize rMSP-119 protein as compared to wild-type mice. Interestingly, coinciding with the delay in parasite clearance there was a delay in the resolution of T follicular helper (TFH) cell and germinal center (GC) B cell responses in TACI -/- mice. The persistence of TFH and GC B cells is likely a result of enhanced interaction between TFH and GC B cells because inducible costimulator ligand (ICOSL) expression was significantly higher on TACI -/- GC B cells than wild-type cells. The difference in the kinetics of GC reaction appeared to also impact the emergence of plasma cells (PC) because there was a delay in the generation of TACI -/- mice PC. Nevertheless, following the recovery from P. yoelii infection, TACI -/- and wild-type mice were both protected from a rechallenge infection. Establishment of protective B cell response was responsible for the resolution of parasitemia because B cells purified from recovered TACI -/- or wild-type mice were equally protective when introduced to naïve wild-type mice prior to P. yoelii challenge. Thus, despite the increased susceptibility of TACI -/- mice to P. yoelii infection and a delay in the development of protective antibody levels, TACI -/- mice are able to clear the infection and resist rechallenge infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Parra
- US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Bacterial Allergenic and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jiyeon Yang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Bacterial Allergenic and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Megan Weitner
- US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Bacterial Allergenic and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Steven Derrick
- US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Bacterial Allergenic and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Amy Yang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Bacterial Allergenic and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Bacterial Allergenic and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Balwan Singh
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alberto Moreno
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mustafa Akkoyunlu
- US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Bacterial Allergenic and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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21
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Smith T, Cunningham-Rundles C. Primary B-cell immunodeficiencies. Hum Immunol 2018; 80:351-362. [PMID: 30359632 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary B-cell immunodeficiencies refer to diseases resulting from impaired antibody production due to either molecular defects intrinsic to B-cells or a failure of interaction between B-cells and T-cells. Patients typically have recurrent infections and can vary with presentation and complications depending upon where the defect has occurred in B-cell development or the degree of functional impairment. In this review, we describe B-cell specific immune defects categorized by presence or absence of peripheral B-cells, immunoglobulins isotypes and evidence of antibody impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tukisa Smith
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029-6574, United States; The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, 1230 York Avenue, Box 179, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029-6574, United States.
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22
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Garcia-Carmona Y, Ting AT, Radigan L, Athuluri Divakar SK, Chavez J, Meffre E, Cerutti A, Cunningham-Rundles C. TACI Isoforms Regulate Ligand Binding and Receptor Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2125. [PMID: 30333819 PMCID: PMC6176016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TACI signals activate B cell proliferation, isotype switch and antibody production in both normal immunity and autoimmune states. In contrast to murine TACI, the human TACI gene undergoes alternative splicing to produce short and long isoforms (TACI-S and TACI-L). In previous studies, we showed that transduction of the short, but not long isoform, into murine B cells or human pre-B cells lacking TACI, caused them to become transcriptional and morphologically identical to plasma cells. These data suggest that the expression of different isoforms in humans provides unique controls on B cell maturation. In these studies we show that TACI-S and TACI-L form complexes in a ligand-independent manner, not dependent on a single extracellular domain. Both TACI isoforms are detectable in the endosomal cellular compartment where they co-localize with MyD88, TRAF6, and the activated 65 kDa form of TLR9, depending on a conserved intracellular TACI sequence. In contrast to TACI-L expressing cells, or cells bearing both isoforms, TACI-S binds ligands BAFF and APRIL with substantially greater affinity and promotes enhanced NF-kB activation. Using isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies, we show that while TACI-L is predominant as a surface receptor surface on human B cells, significantly more TACI-S is noted in the intracellular compartment and also in marginal zone, isotype switched and plasmablast in resting B cells. TACI-S is increased in tonsillar B cells and also in the intracellular compartment of activated peripheral B cells. These data shows that alternative splicing of the human TACI gene leads to two isoforms both of which intersect with MyD88 and TRAF6 and form complexes with TLR9, but the two isoforms have different ligand binding capacities, subcellular locations and activation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Garcia-Carmona
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adrian T Ting
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lin Radigan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Jose Chavez
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Catalan Institute for Research and Advance Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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23
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Mapping Protective Regions on a Three-Dimensional Model of the Moraxella catarrhalis Vaccine Antigen Oligopeptide Permease A. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00652-17. [PMID: 29203544 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00652-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A vaccine against Moraxella catarrhalis would reduce tremendous morbidity, mortality, and financial burden by preventing otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults. Oligopeptide permease A (OppA) is a candidate vaccine antigen that is (i) a nutritional virulence factor expressed on the bacterial cell surface during infection, (ii) widely conserved among strains, (iii) highly immunogenic, and (iv) a protective antigen based on its capacity to induce protective responses in immunized animals. In the present study, we show that the antibodies to OppA following vaccination mediate accelerated clearance in animals after pulmonary challenge. To identify regions of OppA that bind protective antibodies, truncated constructs of OppA were engineered and studied to map regions of OppA with surface-accessible epitopes that bind high-avidity antibodies following vaccination. Protective epitopes were located in the N and C termini of the protein. Immunization of mice with constructs corresponding to these regions (T5 and T8) induced protective responses. Studies of overlapping peptide libraries of constructs T5 and T8 with OppA immune serum identified two discrete regions on each construct. These potentially protective regions were mapped on a three-dimensional computational model of OppA, where regions with solvent-accessible amino acids were identified as three potentially protective epitopes. In all, these studies revealed two regions with three specific epitopes in OppA that induce potentially protective antibody responses following vaccination. Detection of antibodies to these regions could serve to guide vaccine formulation and as a diagnostic tool for monitoring development of protective responses during clinical trials.
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24
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Abstract
The two ligands B cell-activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and the three receptors BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) are members of the "BAFF system molecules." BAFF system molecules are primarily involved in B cell homeostasis. The relevance of BAFF system molecules in host responses to microbial assaults has been investigated in clinical studies and in mice deficient for each of these molecules. Many microbial products modulate the expression of these molecules. Data from clinical studies suggest a correlation between increased expression levels of BAFF system molecules and elevated B cell responses. Depending on the pathogen, heightened B cell responses may strengthen the host response or promote susceptibility. Whereas pathogen-mediated increases in the expression levels of the ligands and/or the receptors appear to promote microbial clearance, certain pathogens have evolved to ablate B cell responses by suppressing the expression of TACI and/or BAFF-R on B cells. Other than its well-established role in B cell responses, the TACI-mediated activation of macrophages is also implicated in resistance to intracellular pathogens. An improved understanding of the role that BAFF system molecules play in infection may assist in devising novel strategies for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Sakai
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mustafa Akkoyunlu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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25
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Circulating B cells in type 1 diabetics exhibit fewer maturation-associated phenotypes. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:336-343. [PMID: 28951327 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although autoantibodies have been used for decades as diagnostic and prognostic markers in type 1 diabetes (T1D), further analysis of developmental abnormalities in B cells could reveal tolerance checkpoint defects that could improve individualized therapy. To evaluate B cell developmental progression in T1D, immunophenotyping was used to classify circulating B cells into transitional, mature naïve, mature activated, and resting memory subsets. Then each subset was analyzed for the expression of additional maturation-associated markers. While the frequencies of B cell subsets did not differ significantly between patients and controls, some T1D subjects exhibited reduced proportions of B cells that expressed transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) and Fas receptor (FasR). Furthermore, some T1D subjects had B cell subsets with lower frequencies of class switching. These results suggest circulating B cells exhibit variable maturation phenotypes in T1D. These phenotypic variations may correlate with differences in B cell selection in individual T1D patients.
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26
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Jabara HH, Lee JJ, Janssen E, Ullas S, Liadaki K, Garibyan L, Benson H, Sannikova T, Bram R, Hammarstrom L, Cruz AC, Siegel R, Manis J, Malley R, Geha RS. Heterozygosity for transmembrane activator and calcium modulator ligand interactor A144E causes haploinsufficiency and pneumococcal susceptibility in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:1293-1301.e4. [PMID: 27609654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B-cell receptor transmembrane activator and calcium modulator ligand interactor (TACI) is important for T-independent antibody responses. One in 200 blood donors are heterozygous for the TACI A181E mutation. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the effect on B-cell function of TACI A181E heterozygosity in reportedly healthy subjects and of the corresponding TACI A144E mutation in mice. METHODS Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation was measured by using the luciferase assay in 293T cells cotransfected with wild-type and mutant TACI. TACI-driven proliferation, isotype switching, and antibody responses were measured in B cells from heterozygous TACI A144E knock-in mice. Mouse mortality was monitored after intranasal pneumococcal challenge. RESULTS Levels of natural antibodies to the pneumococcal polysaccharide component phosphocholine were significantly lower in A181E-heterozygous than TACI-sufficient Swedish blood donors never immunized with pneumococcal antigens. Although overexpressed hTACI A181E and mTACI A144E acted as dominant-negative mutations in transfectants, homozygosity for A144E in mice resulted in absent TACI expression in B cells, indicating that the mutant protein is unstable when naturally expressed. A144E heterozygous mice, such as TACI+/- mice, expressed half the normal level of TACI on their B cells and exhibited similar defects in a proliferation-inducing ligand-driven B-cell activation, antibody responses to TNP-Ficoll, production of natural antibodies to phosphocholine, and survival after intranasal pneumococcal challenge. CONCLUSION These results suggest that TACI A181E heterozygosity results in TACI haploinsufficiency with increased susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. This has important implications for asymptomatic TACI A181E carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa H Jabara
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - John J Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Erin Janssen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Sumana Ullas
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Kyriaki Liadaki
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Lilit Garibyan
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Halli Benson
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tatyana Sannikova
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Richard Bram
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn
| | | | - Anthony C Cruz
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Richard Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - John Manis
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Richard Malley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Cascalho
- Departments of Surgery & Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Platt
- Departments of Surgery & Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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BAFF and its receptors involved in the inflammation progress in adjuvant induced arthritis rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 31:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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TACI deficiency leads to alternatively activated macrophage phenotype and susceptibility to Leishmania infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E4094-103. [PMID: 26170307 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421580112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The TNF family member, transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), is a key molecule for plasma cell maintenance and is required in infections where protection depends on antibody response. Here, we report that compared with WT mouse, TACI KO Μϕs expressed lower levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), CD14, myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88, and adaptor protein Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β and responded poorly to TLR agonists. Analysis of Μϕ phenotype revealed that, in the absence of TACI, Μϕs adapt the alternatively activated (M2) phenotype. Steady-state expression levels for M2 markers IL-4Rα, CD206, CCL22, IL-10, Arg1, IL1RN, and FIZZ1 were significantly higher in TACI KO Μϕ than in WT cells. Confirming their M2 phenotype, TACI-KO Mϕs were unable to control Leishmania major infection in vitro, and intradermal inoculation of Leishmania resulted in a more severe manifestation of disease than in the resistant C57BL/6 strain. Transfer of WT Μϕs to TACI KO mice was sufficient to significantly reduce disease severity. TACI is likely to influence Mϕ phenotype by mediating B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) and a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) signals because both these ligands down-regulated M2 markers in WT but not in TACI-deficient Μϕs. Moreover, treatment of Μϕs with BAFF or APRIL enhanced the clearance of Leishmania from cells only when TACI is expressed. These findings may have implications for understanding the shortcomings of host response in newborns where TACI expression is reduced and in combined variable immunodeficiency patients where TACI signaling is ablated.
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Figgett WA, Deliyanti D, Fairfax KA, Quah PS, Wilkinson-Berka JL, Mackay F. Deleting the BAFF receptor TACI protects against systemic lupus erythematosus without extensive reduction of B cell numbers. J Autoimmun 2015; 61:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Effect of TACI signaling on humoral immunity and autoimmune diseases. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:247426. [PMID: 25866827 PMCID: PMC4381970 DOI: 10.1155/2015/247426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) is one of the receptors of B cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). TACI is a regulator in the immune responses. TACI inhibits B cell expansion and promotes the differentiation and survival of plasma cells. The mechanisms underlying these effects probably involve changed expressions of some crucial molecules, such as B lymphocyte induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) and inducible T-cell costimulator ligand (ICOSL) in B cells and/or plasma cells. However, abnormal TACI signaling may relate to autoimmune disorders. Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) patients with heterozygous mutations in TACI alleles increase susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Taci−/− mice and BAFF transgenic mice both develop signs of human SLE. These findings that indicate inappropriate levels of TACI signaling may disrupt immune system balance, thereby promoting the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the basic characteristics of the TACI ligands BAFF and APRIL, and detail the research findings on the role of TACI in humoral immunity. We also discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of CVID patients with TACI mutations to autoimmune diseases and the role of TACI in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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