1
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Havrylov S, Chrystal P, van Baarle S, French CR, MacDonald IM, Avasarala J, Rogers RC, Berry FB, Kume T, Waskiewicz AJ, Lehmann OJ. Pleiotropy in FOXC1-attributable phenotypes involves altered ciliation and cilia-dependent signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20278. [PMID: 39217245 PMCID: PMC11365983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations to cilia are responsible for a wide range of severe disease; however, understanding of the transcriptional control of ciliogenesis remains incomplete. In this study we investigated whether altered cilia-mediated signaling contributes to the pleiotropic phenotypes caused by the Forkhead transcription factor FOXC1. Here, we show that patients with FOXC1-attributable Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS) have a prevalence of ciliopathy-associated phenotypes comparable to syndromic ciliopathies. We demonstrate that altering the level of Foxc1 protein, via shRNA mediated inhibition, CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis and overexpression, modifies cilia length in vitro. These structural changes were associated with substantially perturbed cilia-dependent signaling [Hedgehog (Hh) and PDGFRα], and altered ciliary compartmentalization of the Hh pathway transcription factor, Gli2. Consistent with these data, in primary cultures of murine embryonic meninges, cilia length was significantly reduced in heterozygous and homozygous Foxc1 mutants compared to controls. Meningeal expression of the core Hh signaling components Gli1, Gli3 and Sufu was dysregulated, with comparable dysregulation of Pdgfrα signaling evident from significantly altered Pdgfrα and phosphorylated Pdgfrα expression. On the basis of these clinical and experimental findings, we propose a model that altered cilia-mediated signaling contributes to some FOXC1-induced phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhiy Havrylov
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, 829 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Paul Chrystal
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, 829 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Suey van Baarle
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, 829 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Curtis R French
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, 829 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Ian M MacDonald
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, 829 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jagannadha Avasarala
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Fred B Berry
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, 3002D Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Andrew J Waskiewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ordan J Lehmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology, 829 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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2
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Maxwell G, Souzeau E. Childhood glaucoma: Implications for genetic counselling. Clin Genet 2024. [PMID: 39206700 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Childhood glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of ocular disorders defined by an age of onset from birth to 18 years. These vision-threatening disorders require early diagnosis, timely treatment, and lifelong management to maintain vision and minimise irreversible blindness. The genetics of childhood glaucoma is complex with both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The purpose of this review is to summarise the different types of childhood glaucoma and their genetic architecture to aid in the genetic counselling process with patients and their families. We provide an overview of associated syndromes and discuss implications for genetic counselling, including genetic testing strategies, cascade genetic testing, and reproductive options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgina Maxwell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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3
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Qiu J, Fu Y, Tian T, Mao Y, Tian Q, Zhou L, Jin R, Zhuang L, Zhou G. Suppression of FOXC1 induces pyroptosis of the coronary artery through activation of JAK2. Atherosclerosis 2024; 396:118543. [PMID: 39182474 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) triggers endothelial pyroptosis and is associated with a multitude of pathological cardiovascular manifestations, including atherosclerosis. However, the associated transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated a novel transcriptional regulator upstream of JAK2. METHODS We validated the binding and regulation of Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and JAK2 using chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Immunofluorescence was used to detect protein localization in cells and tissues. Immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson's trichrome, and Oil Red O staining were used to identify tissue lesions. Transcriptional functions were investigated using in vitro and in vivo coronary artery disease (CAD) atherosclerosis models. RESULTS The mRNA levels of JAK2 were considerably higher in both the cardiac tissues of mice and the peripheral blood of patients with CAD than in equivalent controls. JAK2 expression increased markedly in the coronary arteries of ApoeKO mice, whereas FOXC1 expression exhibited a decreasing trend. In vitro, FOXC1 bound to the JAK2 promoter region and inversely regulated the expression of JAK2. Mechanistic studies have revealed that the FOXC1-JAK2 pathway regulates pyroptosis and participates in the pathogenesis of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). In vivo, the suppression of FOXC1 was confirmed to stimulate the levels of JAK2 and pyroptosis, contributing to the pathological progression of aortic and coronary artery damage. CONCLUSIONS We established the FOXC1-JAK2 regulatory pathway and verified its reverse-regulatory function in CAD pyroptosis. Our data emphasizes that FOXC1 is critical for the treatment of pyroptosis-induced injury in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yahong Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ting Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qiang Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lanbo Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Guoping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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4
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Bhakuni T, Norden PR, Ujiie N, Tan C, Lee SK, Tedeschi T, Hsieh YW, Wang Y, Liu T, Fawzi AA, Kume T. FOXC1 regulates endothelial CD98 (LAT1/4F2hc) expression in retinal angiogenesis and blood-retina barrier formation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4097. [PMID: 38755144 PMCID: PMC11099035 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, is essential for the development of new organ systems, but transcriptional control of angiogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here we show that FOXC1 is essential for retinal angiogenesis. Endothelial cell (EC)-specific loss of Foxc1 impairs retinal vascular growth and expression of Slc3a2 and Slc7a5, which encode the heterodimeric CD98 (LAT1/4F2hc) amino acid transporter and regulate the intracellular transport of essential amino acids and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). EC-Foxc1 deficiency diminishes mTOR activity, while administration of the mTOR agonist MHY-1485 rescues perturbed retinal angiogenesis. EC-Foxc1 expression is required for retinal revascularization and resolution of neovascular tufts in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Foxc1 is also indispensable for pericytes, a critical component of the blood-retina barrier during retinal angiogenesis. Our findings establish FOXC1 as a crucial regulator of retinal vessels and identify therapeutic targets for treating retinal vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Bhakuni
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pieter R Norden
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Naoto Ujiie
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Can Tan
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sun Kyong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Tedeschi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yi-Wen Hsieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amani A Fawzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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5
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Chatzi D, Kyriakoudi SA, Dermitzakis I, Manthou ME, Meditskou S, Theotokis P. Clinical and Genetic Correlation in Neurocristopathies: Bridging a Precision Medicine Gap. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2223. [PMID: 38673496 PMCID: PMC11050951 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurocristopathies (NCPs) encompass a spectrum of disorders arising from issues during the formation and migration of neural crest cells (NCCs). NCCs undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upon key developmental gene deregulation, fetuses and neonates are prone to exhibit diverse manifestations depending on the affected area. These conditions are generally rare and often have a genetic basis, with many following Mendelian inheritance patterns, thus making them perfect candidates for precision medicine. Examples include cranial NCPs, like Goldenhar syndrome and Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome; cardiac-vagal NCPs, such as DiGeorge syndrome; truncal NCPs, like congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome; and enteric NCPs, such as Hirschsprung disease. Additionally, NCCs' migratory and differentiating nature makes their derivatives prone to tumors, with various cancer types categorized based on their NCC origin. Representative examples include schwannomas and pheochromocytomas. This review summarizes current knowledge of diseases arising from defects in NCCs' specification and highlights the potential of precision medicine to remedy a clinical phenotype by targeting the genotype, particularly important given that those affected are primarily infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.C.); (S.A.K.); (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.)
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6
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Ulrich ND, Vargo A, Ma Q, Shen YC, Hannum DF, Gurczynski SJ, Moore BB, Schon S, Lieberman R, Shikanov A, Marsh EE, Fazleabas A, Li JZ, Hammoud SS. Cellular heterogeneity and dynamics of the human uterus in healthy premenopausal women. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.07.583985. [PMID: 38559249 PMCID: PMC10979868 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.07.583985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The human uterus is a complex and dynamic organ whose lining grows, remodels, and regenerates in every menstrual cycle or upon tissue damage. Here we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to profile more the 50,000 uterine cells from both the endometrium and myometrium of 5 healthy premenopausal individuals, and jointly analyzed the data with a previously published dataset from 15 subjects. The resulting normal uterus cell atlas contains more than 167K cells representing the lymphatic endothelium, blood endothelium, stromal, ciliated epithelium, unciliated epithelium, and immune cell populations. Focused analyses within each major cell type and comparisons with subtype labels from prior studies allowed us to document supporting evidence, resolve naming conflicts, and to propose a consensus annotation system of 39 subtypes. We release their gene expression centroids, differentially expressed genes, and mRNA patterns of literature-based markers as a shared community resource. We find many subtypes show dynamic changes over different phases of the cycle and identify multiple potential progenitor cells: compartment-wide progenitors for each major cell type, transitional cells that are upstream of other subtypes, and potential cross-lineage multipotent stromal progenitors that may be capable of replenishing the epithelial, stromal, and endothelial compartments. When compared to the healthy premenopausal samples, a postpartum and a postmenopausal uterus sample revealed substantially altered tissue composition, involving the rise or fall of stromal, endothelial, and immune cells. The cell taxonomy and molecular markers we report here are expected to inform studies of both basic biology of uterine function and its disorders. SIGNIFICANCE We present single-cell RNA sequencing data from seven individuals (five healthy pre-menopausal women, one post-menopausal woman, and one postpartum) and perform an integrated analysis of this data alongside 15 previously published scRNA-seq datasets. We identified 39 distinct cell subtypes across four major cell types in the uterus. By using RNA velocity analysis and centroid-centroid comparisons we identify multiple computationally predicted progenitor populations for each of the major cell compartments, as well as potential cross-compartment, multi-potent progenitors. While the function and interactions of these cell populations remain to be validated through future experiments, the markers and their "dual characteristics" that we describe will serve as a rich resource to the scientific community. Importantly, we address a significant challenge in the field: reconciling multiple uterine cell taxonomies being proposed. To achieve this, we focused on integrating historical and contemporary knowledge across multiple studies. By providing detailed evidence used for cell classification we lay the groundwork for establishing a stable, consensus cell atlas of the human uterus.
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7
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Sur A, Wang Y, Capar P, Margolin G, Prochaska MK, Farrell JA. Single-cell analysis of shared signatures and transcriptional diversity during zebrafish development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:3028-3047.e12. [PMID: 37995681 PMCID: PMC11181902 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
During development, animals generate distinct cell populations with specific identities, functions, and morphologies. We mapped transcriptionally distinct populations across 489,686 cells from 62 stages during wild-type zebrafish embryogenesis and early larval development (3-120 h post-fertilization). Using these data, we identified the limited catalog of gene expression programs reused across multiple tissues and their cell-type-specific adaptations. We also determined the duration each transcriptional state is present during development and identify unexpected long-term cycling populations. Focused clustering and transcriptional trajectory analyses of non-skeletal muscle and endoderm identified transcriptional profiles and candidate transcriptional regulators of understudied cell types and subpopulations, including the pneumatic duct, individual intestinal smooth muscle layers, spatially distinct pericyte subpopulations, and recently discovered best4+ cells. To enable additional discoveries, we make this comprehensive transcriptional atlas of early zebrafish development available through our website, Daniocell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sur
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Paulina Capar
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gennady Margolin
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Morgan Kathleen Prochaska
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Farrell
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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8
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Ostrem BEL, Godfrey D, Caruso PA, Musolino PL. Monogenic Causes of Cerebrovascular Disease in Childhood: A Case Series. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 149:39-43. [PMID: 37776659 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increase in the number of genes associated with pediatric stroke, imaging phenotypes in children have not been well reported. Guidelines are needed to facilitate the identification and treatment of patients with monogenic causes of cerebrovascular disorders. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of imaging and medical records of patients aged zero to 21 years with monogenic causes of vascular malformations, small or large vessel disease, transient ischemic attacks, and/or ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. We classified patients according to their imaging phenotype and reviewed neurological and systemic features and management strategies. We reviewed the literature to identify genes associated with cerebrovascular disorders presenting in childhood. RESULTS We identified 18 patients with monogenic causes of cerebrovascular disorders and classified each patient as belonging to one or more of three cerebrovascular phenotypes according to predominant imaging characteristics: small vessel disease, large vessel disease, and/or vascular malformations. Preventative treatments included aspirin, N-acetylcysteine, tocilizumab, therapeutic low-molecular-weight heparin, and resection of vascular malformations. CONCLUSIONS Classifying pediatric patients with cerebrovascular disorders by imaging phenotype can aid in determining the next steps in genetic testing and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E L Ostrem
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Deena Godfrey
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul A Caruso
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Lenox Hill Radiology and Medical Imaging Associates, New York, New York
| | - Patricia L Musolino
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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White S, Taranath A, Hanagandi P, Taranath DA, To MS, Souzeau E, Siggs OM, Craig JE. Neuroimaging Findings in Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome: A Case Series. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:1231-1235. [PMID: 37679021 PMCID: PMC10549946 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition associated with multisystemic features including developmental anomalies of the anterior segment of the eye. Single nucleotide and copy number variants in the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) and forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) genes are associated with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome as well as other CNS malformations. We determined the association between Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and specific brain MR imaging neuroradiologic anomalies in cases with or without a genetic diagnosis. This case series included 8 individuals with pathogenic variants in FOXC1; 2, in PITX2; and 2 without a genetic diagnosis. The most common observation was vertebrobasilar artery dolichoectasia, with 46% prevalence. Other prevalent abnormalities included WM hyperintensities, cerebellar hypoplasia, and ventriculomegaly. Vertebrobasilar artery dolichoectasia and absent/hypoplastic olfactory bulbs were reported in >50% of individuals with FOXC1 variants compared with 0% of PITX2 variants. Notwithstanding the small sample size, neuroimaging abnormalities were more prevalent in individuals with FOXC1 variants compared those with PITX2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel White
- From the Robinson Research Institute (S.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ajay Taranath
- Department of Radiology (A.T.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Prasad Hanagandi
- Department of Neuroradiology (P.H.), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepa A Taranath
- Department of Ophthalmology (D.A.T., M.-S.T., E.S., O.M.S., J.E.C.), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Minh-Son To
- Department of Ophthalmology (D.A.T., M.-S.T., E.S., O.M.S., J.E.C.), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology (D.A.T., M.-S.T., E.S., O.M.S., J.E.C.), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Owen M Siggs
- Department of Ophthalmology (D.A.T., M.-S.T., E.S., O.M.S., J.E.C.), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research (O.M.S.), Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology (D.A.T., M.-S.T., E.S., O.M.S., J.E.C.), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Muzyka L, Winterhalter E, LoPresti MA, Scoville J, Bohnsack BL, Lam SK. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome: A systematic review examining genetic, neurological, and neurovascular associations to inform screening. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18225. [PMID: 37539177 PMCID: PMC10395477 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS) is comprised of a group of autosomal dominant disorders that are each characterized by anterior segment abnormalities of the eye. Mutations in the transcription factors FOXC1 or PITX2 are the most well-studied genetic manifestations of this syndrome. Due to the rarity this syndrome, ARS-associated neurological manifestations have not been well characterized. The purpose of this systematic review is to characterize and describe ARS neurologic manifestations that affect the cerebral vasculature and their early and late sequelae. PRISMA guidelines were followed; studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed for study design, evidence level, number of patients, patient age, whether the patients were related, genotype, ocular findings, and nervous system findings, specifically neurostructural and neurovascular manifestations. 63 studies met inclusion criteria, 60 (95%) were case studies or case series. The FOXC1 gene was most commonly found, followed by COL4A1, then PITX2. The most commonly described structural neurological findings were white matter abnormalities in 26 (41.3%) of studies, followed by Dandy-Walker Complex 12 (19%), and agenesis of the corpus callosum 11 (17%). Neurovascular findings were examined in 6 (9%) of studies, identifying stroke, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), tortuosity/dolichoectasia of arteries, among others, with no mention of moyamoya. This is the first systematic review investigating the genetic, neurological, and neurovascular associations with ARS. Structural neurological manifestations were common, yet often benign, perhaps limiting the utility of MRI screening. Neurovascular abnormalities, specifically stroke and CSVD, were identified in this population. Stroke risk was present in the presence and absence of cardiac comorbidities. These findings suggest a relationship between ARS and neurovascular findings; however, larger scale studies are necessary inform therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Muzyka
- Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Department of Neurosurgery, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Emily Winterhalter
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Melissa A. LoPresti
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan Scoville
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Brenda L. Bohnsack
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital, Division of Ophthalmology, Chicago, IL, United States
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Neurosurgery, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sandi K. Lam
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL, United States
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11
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Sur A, Wang Y, Capar P, Margolin G, Farrell JA. Single-cell analysis of shared signatures and transcriptional diversity during zebrafish development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.20.533545. [PMID: 36993555 PMCID: PMC10055256 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.20.533545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
During development, animals generate distinct cell populations with specific identities, functions, and morphologies. We mapped transcriptionally distinct populations across 489,686 cells from 62 stages during wild-type zebrafish embryogenesis and early larval development (3-120 hours post-fertilization). Using these data, we identified the limited catalog of gene expression programs reused across multiple tissues and their cell-type-specific adaptations. We also determined the duration each transcriptional state is present during development and suggest new long-term cycling populations. Focused analyses of non-skeletal muscle and the endoderm identified transcriptional profiles of understudied cell types and subpopulations, including the pneumatic duct, individual intestinal smooth muscle layers, spatially distinct pericyte subpopulations, and homologs of recently discovered human best4+ enterocytes. The transcriptional regulators of these populations remain unknown, so we reconstructed gene expression trajectories to suggest candidates. To enable additional discoveries, we make this comprehensive transcriptional atlas of early zebrafish development available through our website, Daniocell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sur
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Paulina Capar
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Gennady Margolin
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Jeffrey A. Farrell
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814
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12
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Reis LM, Maheshwari M, Capasso J, Atilla H, Dudakova L, Thompson S, Zitano L, Lay-Son G, Lowry RB, Black J, Lee J, Shue A, Kremlikova Pourova R, Vaneckova M, Skalicka P, Jedlickova J, Trkova M, Williams B, Richard G, Bachman K, Seeley AH, Costakos D, Glaser TM, Levin AV, Liskova P, Murray JC, Semina EV. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome: more than meets the eye. J Med Genet 2023; 60:368-379. [PMID: 35882526 PMCID: PMC9912354 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is characterised by typical anterior segment anomalies, with or without systemic features. The discovery of causative genes identified ARS subtypes with distinct phenotypes, but our understanding is incomplete, complicated by the rarity of the condition. METHODS Genetic and phenotypic characterisation of the largest reported ARS cohort through comprehensive genetic and clinical data analyses. RESULTS 128 individuals with causative variants in PITX2 or FOXC1, including 81 new cases, were investigated. Ocular anomalies showed significant overlap but with broader variability and earlier onset of glaucoma for FOXC1-related ARS. Systemic anomalies were seen in all individuals with PITX2-related ARS and the majority of those with FOXC1-related ARS. PITX2-related ARS demonstrated typical umbilical anomalies and dental microdontia/hypodontia/oligodontia, along with a novel high rate of Meckel diverticulum. FOXC1-related ARS exhibited characteristic hearing loss and congenital heart defects as well as previously unrecognised phenotypes of dental enamel hypoplasia and/or crowding, a range of skeletal and joint anomalies, hypotonia/early delay and feeding disorders with structural oesophageal anomalies in some. Brain imaging revealed highly penetrant white matter hyperintensities, colpocephaly/ventriculomegaly and frequent arachnoid cysts. The expanded phenotype of FOXC1-related ARS identified here was found to fully overlap features of De Hauwere syndrome. The results were used to generate gene-specific management plans for the two types of ARS. CONCLUSION Since clinical features of ARS vary significantly based on the affected gene, it is critical that families are provided with a gene-specific diagnosis, PITX2-related ARS or FOXC1-related ARS. De Hauwere syndrome is proposed to be a FOXC1opathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mohit Maheshwari
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jenina Capasso
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Flaum Eye Institute, Golisano Children's Hospital and University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Huban Atilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lubica Dudakova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lia Zitano
- Department of Medical Genetics, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Guillermo Lay-Son
- Unidad de Genética, División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Brian Lowry
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer Black
- Center for Development, Behavior, and Genetics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann Shue
- Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University and Stanford Children's Health, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Radka Kremlikova Pourova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Manuela Vaneckova
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Skalicka
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jedlickova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Trkova
- Gennet, Centre for Fetal Medicine and Reproductive Genetics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Kristine Bachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea H Seeley
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deborah Costakos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Thomas M Glaser
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, UC-Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alex V Levin
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Flaum Eye Institute, Golisano Children's Hospital and University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Petra Liskova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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13
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Hennings E, Blum S, Aeschbacher S, Coslovsky M, Knecht S, Eken C, Lischer M, Paladini RE, Krisai P, Reichlin T, Rodondi N, Beer JH, Ammann P, Conte G, De Perna ML, Kobza R, Blum MR, Bossard M, Kastner P, Ziegler A, Müller C, Bonati LH, Pfister O, Zuern CS, Conen D, Kühne M, Osswald S. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 10-A Novel Biomarker to Predict Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028255. [PMID: 36926939 PMCID: PMC10111531 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) face an increased risk of death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We aimed to assess the predictive value of the novel atrial-specific biomarker BMP10 (bone morphogenetic protein 10) for death and MACE in patients with AF in comparison with NT-proBNP (N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide). Methods and Results BMP10 and NT-proBNP were measured in patients with AF enrolled in Swiss-AF (Swiss Atrial Fibrillation Study), a prospective multicenter cohort study. A total of 2219 patients were included (median follow-up 4.3 years [interquartile range 3.9, 5.1], mean age 73±9 years, 73% male). In multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) associated with 1 ng/mL increase of BMP10 was 1.60 (95% CI, 1.37-1.87) for all-cause death, and 1.54 (95% CI, 1.35-1.76) for MACE. For all-cause death, the concordance index was 0.783 (95% CI, 0.763-0.809) for BMP10, 0.784 (95% CI, 0.765-0.810) for NT-proBNP, and 0.789 (95% CI, 0.771-0.815) for both biomarkers combined. For MACE, the concordance index was 0.732 (95% CI, 0.715-0.754) for BMP10, 0.747 (95% CI, 0.731-0.768) for NT-proBNP, and 0.750 (95% CI, 0.734-0.771) for both biomarkers combined. When grouping patients according to NT-proBNP categories (<300, 300-900, >900 ng/L), higher aHRs were observed in patients with high BMP10 in the categories of low NT-proBNP (all-cause death aHR, 2.28 [95% CI, 1.15-4.52], MACE aHR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.07-3.28]) and high NT-proBNP (all-cause death aHR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.14-2.26], MACE aHR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.07-1.80]). Conclusions BMP10 strongly predicted all-cause death and MACE in patients with AF. BMP10 provided additional prognostic information in low- and high-risk patients according to NT-proBNP stratification. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02105844.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Hennings
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Steffen Blum
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Stefanie Aeschbacher
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Michael Coslovsky
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Sven Knecht
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Ceylan Eken
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Mirko Lischer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Rebecca E. Paladini
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Philipp Krisai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Tobias Reichlin
- Department of CardiologyInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Department of General Internal MedicineInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Jürg H. Beer
- Department of Internal MedicineCantonal Hospital BadenBadenSwitzerland
| | - Peter Ammann
- Department of CardiologyKantonsspital St. GallenSt. GallenSwitzerland
| | - Giulio Conte
- Cardiocentro Ticino InstituteEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleLuganoSwitzerland
| | | | - Richard Kobza
- Cardiology DivisionHeart Center, Luzerner KantonsspitalLuzernSwitzerland
| | - Manuel R. Blum
- Department of General Internal MedicineInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Bossard
- Cardiology DivisionHeart Center, Luzerner KantonsspitalLuzernSwitzerland
| | | | - André Ziegler
- Roche Diagnostics International AGRotkreuzSwitzerland
| | - Christian Müller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Leo H. Bonati
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of Neurology and Stroke CenterUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Otmar Pfister
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Christine S. Zuern
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
| | - Michael Kühne
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Osswald
- Cardiovascular Research Institute BaselUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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14
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Kim HJ, Cheng P, Travisano S, Weldy C, Monteiro JP, Kundu R, Nguyen T, Sharma D, Shi H, Lin Y, Liu B, Haldar S, Jackson S, Quertermous T. Molecular mechanisms of coronary artery disease risk at the PDGFD locus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:847. [PMID: 36792607 PMCID: PMC9932166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies for coronary artery disease (CAD) have identified a risk locus at 11q22.3. Here, we verify with mechanistic studies that rs2019090 and PDGFD represent the functional variant and gene at this locus. Further, FOXC1/C2 transcription factor binding at rs2019090 is shown to promote PDGFD transcription through the CAD promoting allele. With single cell transcriptomic and histology studies with Pdgfd knockdown in an SMC lineage tracing male atherosclerosis mouse model we find that Pdgfd promotes expansion, migration, and transition of SMC lineage cells to the chondromyocyte phenotype. Pdgfd also increases adventitial fibroblast and pericyte expression of chemokines and leukocyte adhesion molecules, which is linked to plaque macrophage recruitment. Despite these changes there is no effect of Pdgfd deletion on overall plaque burden. These findings suggest that PDGFD mediates CAD risk by promoting deleterious phenotypic changes in SMC, along with an inflammatory response that is primarily focused in the adventitia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stanislao Travisano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Chad Weldy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - João P Monteiro
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ramendra Kundu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Disha Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Huitong Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Boxiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Saptarsi Haldar
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Simon Jackson
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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15
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Kim HJ, Cheng P, Travisano S, Weldy C, Monteiro JP, Kundu R, Nguyen T, Sharma D, Shi H, Lin Y, Liu B, Haldar S, Jackson S, Quertermous T. Molecular mechanisms of coronary artery disease risk at the PDGFD locus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525789. [PMID: 36747745 PMCID: PMC9900883 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling has been extensively studied in the context of vascular disease, but the genetics of this pathway remain to be established. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) for coronary artery disease (CAD) have identified a risk locus at 11q22.3, and we have verified with fine mapping approaches that the regulatory variant rs2019090 and PDGFD represent the functional variant and putative functional gene. Further, FOXC1/C2 transcription factor (TF) binding at rs2019090 was found to promote PDGFD transcription through the CAD promoting allele. Employing a constitutive Pdgfd knockout allele along with SMC lineage tracing in a male atherosclerosis mouse model we mapped single cell transcriptomic, cell state, and lesion anatomical changes associated with gene loss. These studies revealed that Pdgfd promotes expansion, migration, and transition of SMC lineage cells to the chondromyocyte phenotype and vascular calcification. This is in contrast to protective CAD genes TCF21, ZEB2, and SMAD3 which we have shown to promote the fibroblast-like cell transition or perturb the pattern or extent of transition to the chondromyocyte phenotype. Further, Pdgfd expressing fibroblasts and pericytes exhibited greater expression of chemokines and leukocyte adhesion molecules, consistent with observed increased macrophage recruitment to the plaque. Despite these changes there was no effect of Pdgfd deletion on SMC contribution to the fibrous cap or overall lesion burden. These findings suggest that PDGFD mediates CAD risk through promoting SMC expansion and migration, in conjunction with deleterious phenotypic changes, and through promoting an inflammatory response that is primarily focused in the adventitia where it contributes to leukocyte trafficking to the diseased vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA; 94305
| | - Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA; 94305
| | - Stanislao Travisano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA; 94305
| | - Chad Weldy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA; 94305
| | - João P. Monteiro
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA; 94305
| | - Ramendra Kundu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA; 94305
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA; 94305
| | - Disha Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA; 94305
| | - Huitong Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA; 94305
| | - Yi Lin
- Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Zhejiang Laboratory, China 311121
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228
| | - Boxiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228
| | - Saptarsi Haldar
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Simon Jackson
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA; 94305
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16
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Michels K, Bohnsack BL. Ophthalmological Manifestations of Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome: Current Perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:819-828. [PMID: 36926528 PMCID: PMC10013571 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s379853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a rare congenital disease that is primarily characterized by ocular anterior segment anomalies but is also associated with craniofacial, dental, cardiac, and neurologic abnormalities. Over half of cases are linked with autosomal dominant mutations in either FOXC1 or PITX2, which reflects the molecular role of these genes in regulating neural crest cell contributions to the eye, face, and heart. Within the eye, ARS is classically defined as the combination of posterior embryotoxon with iris bridging strands (Axenfeld anomaly) and iris hypoplasia causing corectopia and pseudopolycoria (Rieger anomaly). Glaucoma due to iridogoniodysgenesis is the main source of morbidity and is typically diagnosed during infancy or childhood in over half of affected individuals. Angle bypass surgery, such as glaucoma drainage devices and trabeculectomies, is often needed to obtain intraocular pressure control. A multi-disciplinary approach including glaucoma specialists and pediatric ophthalmologists produces optimal outcomes as vision is dependent on many factors including glaucoma, refractive error, amblyopia and strabismus. Further, since ophthalmologists often make the diagnosis, it is important to refer patients with ARS to other specialists including dentistry, cardiology, and neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Michels
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brenda L Bohnsack
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Kumar V, Bishayee K, Park S, Lee U, Kim J. Oxidative stress in cerebrovascular disease and associated diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1124419. [PMID: 36875474 PMCID: PMC9982100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular aging is the most severe risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. Simultaneously, oxidative stress (OS) is a critical factor in the aging process, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the antioxidant defense system. Emerging evidence indicates that OS is a common cause of several age-related brain pathologies, including cerebrovascular diseases. Elevated OS disrupts endothelial functional ability by diminishing the bioavailability of nitric oxide (a vascular dilator), induces atherosclerosis, and impairs vasculature, which are all common characteristics of cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we summarize evidence supporting an active role of OS in cerebrovascular disease progression, focusing primarily on stroke pathogenesis. We briefly discuss hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and genetic factors that are often linked to OS and are considered associated factors influencing stroke pathology. Finally, we discuss the current pharmaceutics/therapeutics available for treating several cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kausik Bishayee
- Biomedical Science Core-Facility, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jaebong Kim,
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18
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Bhagat R, Marini S, Romero JR. Genetic considerations in cerebral small vessel diseases. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1080168. [PMID: 37168667 PMCID: PMC10164974 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1080168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) encompasses a broad clinical spectrum united by pathology of the small vessels of the brain. CSVD is commonly identified using brain magnetic resonance imaging with well characterized markers including covert infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, enlarged perivascular spaces, and cerebral microbleeds. The pathophysiology of CSVD is complex involving genetic determinants, environmental factors, and their interactions. While the role of vascular risk factors in CSVD is well known and its management is pivotal in mitigating the clinical effects, recent research has identified novel genetic factors involved in CSVD. Delineating genetic determinants can promote the understanding of the disease and suggest effective treatments and preventive measures of CSVD at the individual level. Here we review CSVD focusing on recent advances in the genetics of CSVD. The knowledge gained has advanced understanding of the pathophysiology of CSVD, offered promising early results that may improve subtype identification of small vessel strokes, has led to additional identification of mendelian forms of small vessel strokes, and is getting closer to influencing clinical care through pharmacogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riwaj Bhagat
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sandro Marini
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José R. Romero
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: José R. Romero,
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19
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Jacobson A, Bohnsack BL. Posterior segment findings in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. J AAPOS 2022; 26:320-322. [PMID: 36152758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.08.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is characterized by posterior embryotoxon, Axenfeld anomaly (adherent iris strands to Schwalbe's line), and Rieger anomaly (iris hypoplasia with corectopia or pseudopolycoria). There are a few case reports of optic nerve abnormalities associated with 6p25 deletion syndrome, which is a multigenic region that contains the FOXC1 gene. We present 4 patients with ARS, including 1 with a FOXC1 nonsense mutation, who also have prominent congenital optic nerve abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jacobson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Brenda L Bohnsack
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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20
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Li W, Shao C, Zhou H, Du H, Chen H, Wan H, He Y. Multi-omics research strategies in ischemic stroke: A multidimensional perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101730. [PMID: 36087702 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous neurological disorder with high rate of death and long-term impairment. Despite years of studies, there are still no stroke biomarkers for clinical practice, and the molecular mechanisms of stroke remain largely unclear. The high-throughput omics approach provides new avenues for discovering biomarkers of IS and explaining its pathological mechanisms. However, single-omics approaches only provide a limited understanding of the biological pathways of diseases. The integration of multiple omics data means the simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes, RNAs, proteins and metabolites, revealing networks of interactions between multiple molecular levels. Integrated analysis of multi-omics approaches will provide helpful insights into stroke pathogenesis, therapeutic target identification and biomarker discovery. Here, we consider advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics and outline their use in discovering the biomarkers and pathological mechanisms of IS. We then delineate strategies for achieving integration at the multi-omics level and discuss how integrative omics and systems biology can contribute to our understanding and management of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Huifen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haixia Du
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haiyang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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21
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Ferre-Fernández JJ, Muheisen S, Thompson S, Semina EV. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated functional dissection of the foxc1 genomic region in zebrafish identifies critical conserved cis-regulatory elements. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:49. [PMID: 36284357 PMCID: PMC9597995 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXC1 encodes a forkhead-domain transcription factor associated with several ocular disorders. Correct FOXC1 dosage is critical to normal development, yet the mechanisms controlling its expression remain unknown. Together with FOXQ1 and FOXF2, FOXC1 is part of a cluster of FOX genes conserved in vertebrates. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated dissection of genomic sequences surrounding two zebrafish orthologs of FOXC1 was performed. This included five zebrafish-human conserved regions, three downstream of foxc1a and two remotely upstream of foxf2a/foxc1a or foxf2b/foxc1b clusters, as well as two intergenic regions between foxc1a/b and foxf2a/b lacking sequence conservation but positionally corresponding to the area encompassing a previously reported glaucoma-associated SNP in humans. Removal of downstream sequences altered foxc1a expression; moreover, zebrafish carrying deletions of two or three downstream elements demonstrated abnormal phenotypes including enlargement of the anterior chamber of the eye reminiscent of human congenital glaucoma. Deletions of distant upstream conserved elements influenced the expression of foxf2a/b or foxq1a/b but not foxc1a/b within each cluster. Removal of either intergenic sequence reduced foxc1a or foxc1b expression during late development, suggesting a role in transcriptional regulation despite the lack of conservation at the nucleotide level. Further studies of the identified regions in human patients may explain additional individuals with developmental ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús-José Ferre-Fernández
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Sanaa Muheisen
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Samuel Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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22
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Liu X, Sun P, Yang J, Fan Y. Biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral small-vessel disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:969185. [PMID: 36119691 PMCID: PMC9475115 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.969185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) has been found to have a strong association with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and functional loss in elderly patients. At present, the diagnosis of CSVD mainly relies on brain neuroimaging markers, but they cannot fully reflect the overall picture of the disease. Currently, some biomarkers were found to be related to CSVD, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to systematically review and summarize studies on the progress of biomarkers related to the pathogenesis of CSVD, which is mainly the relationship between these indicators and neuroimaging markers of CSVD. Concerning the pathophysiological mechanism of CSVD, the biomarkers of CSVD have been described as several categories related to sporadic and genetic factors. Monitoring of biomarkers might contribute to the early diagnosis and progression prediction of CSVD, thus providing ideas for better diagnosis and treatment of CSVD.
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23
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Ryu JR, Ahuja S, Arnold CR, Potts KG, Mishra A, Yang Q, Sargurupremraj M, Mahoney DJ, Seshadri S, Debette S, Childs SJ. Stroke-associated intergenic variants modulate a human FOXF2 transcriptional enhancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121333119. [PMID: 35994645 PMCID: PMC9436329 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121333119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SNPs associated with human stroke risk have been identified in the intergenic region between Forkhead family transcription factors FOXF2 and FOXQ1, but we lack a mechanism for the association. FoxF2 is expressed in vascular mural pericytes and is important for maintaining pericyte number and stabilizing small vessels in zebrafish. The stroke-associated SNPs are located in a previously unknown transcriptional enhancer for FOXF2, functional in human cells and zebrafish. We identify critical enhancer regions for FOXF2 gene expression, including binding sites occupied by transcription factors ETS1, RBPJ, and CTCF. rs74564934, a stroke-associated SNP adjacent to the ETS1 binding site, decreases enhancer function, as does mutation of RPBJ sites. rs74564934 is significantly associated with the increased risk of any stroke, ischemic stroke, small vessel stroke, and elevated white matter hyperintensity burden in humans. Foxf2 has a conserved function cross-species and is expressed in vascular mural pericytes of the vessel wall. Thus, stroke-associated SNPs modulate enhancer activity and expression of a regulator of vascular stabilization, FOXF2, thereby modulating stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ryeon Ryu
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Suchit Ahuja
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Corey R. Arnold
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kyle G. Potts
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Aniket Mishra
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Boston University and the NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Douglas J. Mahoney
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Boston University and the NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah J. Childs
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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24
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Gillnäs S, Gallini R, He L, Betsholtz C, Andrae J. Severe cerebellar malformations in mutant mice demonstrate a role for PDGF-C/PDGFRα signalling in cerebellar development. Biol Open 2022; 11:275997. [PMID: 35876806 PMCID: PMC9382116 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of the mouse cerebellum is initiated in the embryo and continues for a few weeks after birth. Double mutant mice lacking platelet-derived growth factor-C and that are heterozygous for platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfc-/-; PdgfraGFP/+) develop cerebellar hypoplasia and malformation with loss of cerebellar lobes in the posterior vermis. This phenotype is similar to those observed in Foxc1 mutant mice and in a human neuroimaging pattern called Dandy Walker malformation. Pdgfc-Pdgfra mutant mice also display ependymal denudation in the 4th ventricle and gene expression changes in cerebellar meninges, which coincide with the first visible signs of cerebellar malformation. Here we show that PDGF-C/PDGFRα signalling is a critical component in the network of molecular and cellular interactions that take place between the developing meninges and neural tissues, and which are required to build a fully functioning cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gillnäs
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Radiosa Gallini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Annakie D, Gasimova U, Shafi M, AlMajali M, Rukmangadachar L. Brain White Matter Changes in Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome: Things to Keep in Mind. TURKISH JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/tnd.2022.74240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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26
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Duan X, Shi Y, Zhao S, Yao L, Sheng J, Liu D. Foxc1a regulates zebrafish vascular integrity and brain vascular development through targeting amotl2a and ctnnb1. Microvasc Res 2022; 143:104400. [PMID: 35724741 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences have pointed that foxc1a is essential for vascular development and integrity maintenance through regulating the expression of downstream genes and interacting with signaling pathways. However, the underling cellular and molecular mechanisms of foxc1a in regulating vascular development remain undetermined. Based on two different foxc1a mutant zebrafish lines (foxc1anju18 and foxc1anju19 which generated predicted truncated foxc1a proteins with 50aa and 315aa respectively), we found that around 30 % of foxc1anju18 zebrafish exhibited severe vascular developmental defects with obvious hemorrhage in hindbrain and trunk at embryonic stages. Confocal imaging analysis revealed that the formation of middle cerebral vein (MCeV), intra-cerebral central arteries (CtAs) and dorsal longitudinal vein (DLV) of brain vessels was significantly blocked in foxc1anju18enbryos. Injection of exogenous full length and foxc1anju19 truncated foxc1a mRNA both rescued the deficiency of foxc1anju18 embryos. Transcriptome analysis revealed 186 DEGs in foxc1anju18 zebrafish among which amotl2a and ctnnb1 expression were reduced and functionally associated with adherens junctions. Dual-Luciferase assays validated amotl2a and ctnnb1 were both directly transactivated by foxc1a. Rescue experiments demonstrated that amotl2a was mainly responsible for the vascular integrity caused by foxc1a mutation and also coordinated with ctnnb1 to regulate brain vascular development. Our data point to a novel clue that foxc1a regulates vascular integrity and brain vascular development through targeting amotl2a and ctnnb1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchu Duan
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lili Yao
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiajing Sheng
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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27
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Mao M, Labelle-Dumais C, Tufa SF, Keene DR, Gould DB. Elevated TGFβ signaling contributes to ocular anterior segment dysgenesis in Col4a1 mutant mice. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:151-173. [PMID: 35525525 PMCID: PMC10410753 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ocular anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) refers to a collection of developmental disorders affecting the anterior structures of the eye. Although a number of genes have been implicated in the etiology of ASD, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. Mutations in genes encoding collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2) cause Gould syndrome, a multi-system disorder that often includes ocular manifestations such as ASD and glaucoma. COL4A1 and COL4A2 are abundant basement membrane proteins that provide structural support to tissues and modulate signaling through interactions with other extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and cell surface receptors. In this study, we used a combination of histological, molecular, genetic and pharmacological approaches to demonstrate that altered TGFβ signaling contributes to ASD in mouse models of Gould syndrome. We show that TGFβ signaling was elevated in anterior segments from Col4a1 mutant mice and that genetically reducing TGFβ signaling partially prevented ASD. Notably, we identified distinct roles for TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 in ocular defects observed in Col4a1 mutant mice. Importantly, we show that pharmacologically promoting type IV collagen secretion or reducing TGFβ signaling ameliorated ocular pathology in Col4a1 mutant mice. Overall, our findings demonstrate that altered TGFβ signaling contributes to COL4A1-related ocular dysgenesis and implicate this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Gould syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Cassandre Labelle-Dumais
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Sara F Tufa
- Shriners Children's, Micro-Imaging Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Douglas R Keene
- Shriners Children's, Micro-Imaging Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Douglas B Gould
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
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28
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Crilly S, McMahon E, Kasher PR. Zebrafish for modeling stroke and their applicability for drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:559-568. [PMID: 35587689 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2072828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global health burden of stroke is significant and few therapeutic treatment options currently exist for patients. Pre-clinical research relies heavily on rodent stroke models but the limitations associated with using these systems alone has meant translation of drug compounds to the clinic has not been greatly successful to date. Zebrafish disease modeling offers a potentially complementary platform for pre-clinical compound screening to aid the drug discovery process for translational stroke research. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors introduce stroke and describe the issues associated with the current pre-clinical drug development pipeline and the advantages that zebrafish disease modeling can offer. Existing zebrafish models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are reviewed. Examples of how zebrafish models have been utilized for drug discovery in other disease disciplines are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Zebrafish disease modeling holds the capacity and potential to significantly enhance the stroke drug development pipeline. However, for this system to be more widely accepted and incorporated into translational stroke research, continued improvement of the existing zebrafish stroke models, as well as focussed collaboration between zebrafish and stroke researchers, is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Crilly
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emily McMahon
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul R Kasher
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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29
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Zhao W, Hu X, Hao J, Guo L, Zhang W, Liu J, Jin T, Gao D, Zhi J. Effect of PITX2 genetic variants on the susceptibility to stroke in the Chinese Han population. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 98:105201. [PMID: 34990849 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stroke is a multifactorial and complex disease caused by the obstruction or rupture of cerebrovascular. To explore the influence of genetic factors on stroke susceptibility, we investigated the association between four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) gene and stroke risk. METHODS A total of 977 volunteers including 476 stroke patients and 501 control individuals were recruited. The association between PITX2 polymorphisms and stroke risk was evaluated using genetic models and haplotype analyses. The strength of the association between each studied polymorphisms and stroke risk was evaluated by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). What's more, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to predict the interaction between SNPs. RESULTS Our study showed that rs6817105 in PITX2 was related to a significant increase in stroke susceptibility (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.04-1.94, p = 0.028). Stratified analyses based on gender indicated that rs6817105, rs13143308, and rs6843082 polymorphisms were significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke in male (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.99, p = 0.042; OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.30-0.96, p = 0.035; and OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.30-0.99, p = 0.047). Besides, SNP rs6817105 was significantly increased the risk of stroke in people at age over 65 years (OR = 1.87, 95% CI =1.12-3.11, p = 0.016). MDR showed that the interaction model of rs6817105 and rs3853445 emerged as the best predictor between the PITX2 gene and stroke susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that there was a significant association between the PITX2 gene and stroke risk, and provided some data as far as possible to support the prevention of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710069, China; Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China; Quality Control Department, Internal Medicine-Neurology, Xi'an First Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710002, China
| | - Xiuxia Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710069, China; Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China
| | - Jie Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710069, China; Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China
| | - Le Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710069, China; Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710069, China; Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710069, China; Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710069, China; Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China
| | - Dakuan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jin Zhi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710069, China; Quality Control Department, Internal Medicine-Neurology, Xi'an First Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710002, China.
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30
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Stroke Genomics: Current Knowledge, Clinical Applications and Future Possibilities. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030302. [PMID: 35326259 PMCID: PMC8946102 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of stoke involves many complex pathways and risk factors. Though there are several ongoing studies on stroke, treatment options are limited, and the prevalence of stroke is continuing to increase. Understanding the genomic variants and biological pathways associated with stroke could offer novel therapeutic alternatives in terms of drug targets and receptor modulations for newer treatment methods. It is challenging to identify individual causative mutations in a single gene because many alleles are responsible for minor effects. Therefore, multiple factorial analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be used to gain new insight by identifying potential genetic risk factors. There are many studies, such as Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Phenome-Wide Association Studies (PheWAS) which have identified numerous independent loci associated with stroke, which could be instrumental in developing newer drug targets and novel therapies. Additionally, using analytical techniques, such as meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization could help in evaluating stroke risk factors and determining treatment priorities. Combining SNPs into polygenic risk scores and lifestyle risk factors could detect stroke risk at a very young age and help in administering preventive interventions.
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Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a leading cause of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke and a major contributor to dementia. Covert cSVD, which is detectable with brain MRI but does not manifest as clinical stroke, is highly prevalent in the general population, particularly with increasing age. Advances in technologies and collaborative work have led to substantial progress in the identification of common genetic variants that are associated with cSVD-related stroke (ischaemic and haemorrhagic) and MRI-defined covert cSVD. In this Review, we provide an overview of collaborative studies - mostly genome-wide association studies (GWAS) - that have identified >50 independent genetic loci associated with the risk of cSVD. We describe how these associations have provided novel insights into the biological mechanisms involved in cSVD, revealed patterns of shared genetic variation across cSVD traits, and shed new light on the continuum between rare, monogenic and common, multifactorial cSVD. We consider how GWAS summary statistics have been leveraged for Mendelian randomization studies to explore causal pathways in cSVD and provide genetic evidence for drug effects, and how the combination of findings from GWAS with gene expression resources and drug target databases has enabled identification of putative causal genes and provided proof-of-concept for drug repositioning potential. We also discuss opportunities for polygenic risk prediction, multi-ancestry approaches and integration with other omics data.
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32
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Lu D, Ma R, Xie Q, Xu Z, Yuan J, Ren M, Li J, Li Y, Wang J. Application and advantages of zebrafish model in the study of neurovascular unit. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174483. [PMID: 34481878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The concept of "Neurovascular Unit" (NVU) was put forward, so that the research goal of Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases gradually transitioned from a single neuron to the structural and functional integrity of the NVU. Zebrafish has the advantages of high homology with human genes, strong reproductive capacity and visualization of neural circuits, so it has become an emerging model organism for NVU research and has been applied to a variety of CNS diseases. Based on CNKI (https://www.cnki.net/) and PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/about/) databases, the author of this article sorted out the relevant literature, analyzed the construction of a zebrafish model of various CNS diseases,and the use of diagrams showed the application of zebrafish in the NVU, revealed its relationship, which would provide new methods and references for the treatment and research of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jianmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Ando K, Ishii T, Fukuhara S. Zebrafish Vascular Mural Cell Biology: Recent Advances, Development, and Functions. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1041. [PMID: 34685412 PMCID: PMC8537713 DOI: 10.3390/life11101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of mural cells to the vascular wall is essential for forming the vasculature as well as maintaining proper vascular functions. In recent years, zebrafish genetic tools for mural cell biology have improved substantially. Fluorescently labeled zebrafish mural cell reporter lines enable us to study, with higher spatiotemporal resolution than ever, the processes of mural cell development from their progenitors. Furthermore, recent phenotypic analysis of platelet-derived growth factor beta mutant zebrafish revealed well-conserved organotypic mural cell development and functions in vertebrates with the unique features of zebrafish. However, comprehensive reviews of zebrafish mural cells are lacking. Therefore, herein, we highlight recent advances in zebrafish mural cell tools. We also summarize the fundamental features of zebrafish mural cell development, especially at early stages, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ando
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113 8602, Japan; (T.I.); (S.F.)
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34
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Lecordier S, Manrique-Castano D, El Moghrabi Y, ElAli A. Neurovascular Alterations in Vascular Dementia: Emphasis on Risk Factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:727590. [PMID: 34566627 PMCID: PMC8461067 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.727590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) constitutes the second most prevalent cause of dementia in the world after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). VaD regroups heterogeneous neurological conditions in which the decline of cognitive functions, including executive functions, is associated with structural and functional alterations in the cerebral vasculature. Among these cerebrovascular disorders, major stroke, and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) constitute the major risk factors for VaD. These conditions alter neurovascular functions leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) deregulation, neurovascular coupling dysfunction, and inflammation. Accumulation of neurovascular impairments over time underlies the cognitive function decline associated with VaD. Furthermore, several vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes have been shown to exacerbate neurovascular impairments and thus increase VaD prevalence. Importantly, air pollution constitutes an underestimated risk factor that triggers vascular dysfunction via inflammation and oxidative stress. The review summarizes the current knowledge related to the pathological mechanisms linking neurovascular impairments associated with stroke, cSVD, and vascular risk factors with a particular emphasis on air pollution, to VaD etiology and progression. Furthermore, the review discusses the major challenges to fully elucidate the pathobiology of VaD, as well as research directions to outline new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Manrique-Castano
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yara El Moghrabi
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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35
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French CR. Mechanistic Insights into Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome from Zebrafish foxc1 and pitx2 Mutants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810001. [PMID: 34576164 PMCID: PMC8472202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) encompasses a group of developmental disorders that affect the anterior segment of the eye, as well as systemic developmental defects in some patients. Malformation of the ocular anterior segment often leads to secondary glaucoma, while some patients also present with cardiovascular malformations, craniofacial and dental abnormalities and additional periumbilical skin. Genes that encode two transcription factors, FOXC1 and PITX2, account for almost half of known cases, while the genetic lesions in the remaining cases remain unresolved. Given the genetic similarity between zebrafish and humans, as well as robust antisense inhibition and gene editing technologies available for use in these animals, loss of function zebrafish models for ARS have been created and shed light on the mechanism(s) whereby mutations in these two transcription factors cause such a wide array of developmental phenotypes. This review summarizes the published phenotypes in zebrafish foxc1 and pitx2 loss of function models and discusses possible mechanisms that may be used to target pharmaceutical development and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis R French
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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36
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Ferre-Fernández JJ, Sorokina EA, Thompson S, Collery RF, Nordquist E, Lincoln J, Semina EV. Disruption of foxc1 genes in zebrafish results in dosage-dependent phenotypes overlapping Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2723-2735. [PMID: 32720677 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead Box C1 (FOXC1) gene encodes a forkhead/winged helix transcription factor involved in embryonic development. Mutations in this gene cause dysgenesis of the anterior segment of the eye, most commonly Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS), often with other systemic features. The developmental mechanisms and pathways regulated by FOXC1 remain largely unknown. There are two conserved orthologs of FOXC1 in zebrafish, foxc1a and foxc1b. To further examine the role of FOXC1 in vertebrates, we generated foxc1a and foxc1b single knockout zebrafish lines and bred them to obtain various allelic combinations. Three genotypes demonstrated visible phenotypes: foxc1a-/- single homozygous and foxc1-/- double knockout homozygous embryos presented with similar characteristics comprised of severe global vascular defects and early lethality, as well as microphthalmia, periocular edema and absence of the anterior chamber of the eye; additionally, fish with heterozygous loss of foxc1a combined with homozygosity for foxc1b (foxc1a+/-;foxc1b-/-) demonstrated craniofacial defects, heart anomalies and scoliosis. All other single and combined genotypes appeared normal. Analysis of foxc1 expression detected a significant increase in foxc1a levels in homozygous and heterozygous mutant eyes, suggesting a mechanism for foxc1a upregulation when its function is compromised; interestingly, the expression of another ARS-associated gene, pitx2, was responsive to the estimated level of wild-type Foxc1a, indicating a possible role for this protein in the regulation of pitx2 expression. Altogether, our results support a conserved role for foxc1 in the formation of many organs, consistent with the features observed in human patients, and highlight the importance of correct FOXC1/foxc1 dosage for vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús-José Ferre-Fernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elena A Sorokina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Samuel Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ross F Collery
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Emily Nordquist
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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37
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Fowler G, French DV, Rose A, Squires P, Aniceto da Silva C, Ohata S, Okamoto H, French CR. Protein fucosylation is required for Notch dependent vascular integrity in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2021; 480:62-68. [PMID: 34400136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The onset of circulation in a developing embryo requires intact blood vessels to prevent hemorrhage. The development of endothelial cells, and their subsequent recruitment of perivascular mural cells are important processes to establish and maintain vascular integrity. These processes are genetically controlled during development, and mutations that affect endothelial cell specification, pattern formation, or maturation through the addition of mural cells can result in early developmental hemorrhage. We created a strong loss of function allele of the zebrafish GDP-mannose 4,6 dehydratase (gmds) gene that is required for the de novo synthesis of GDP-fucose, and homozygous embryos display cerebral hemorrhages. Our data demonstrate that gmds mutants have early defects in vascular patterning with ectopic branches observed at time of hemorrhage. Subsequently, defects in the number of mural cells that line the vasculature are observed. Moreover, activation of Notch signaling rescued hemorrhage phenotypes in gmds mutants, highlighting a potential downstream pathway that requires protein fucosylation for vascular integrity. Finally, supplementation with fucose can rescue hemorrhage frequency in gmds mutants, demonstrating that synthesis of GDP-fucose via an alternative (salvage) pathway may provide an avenue toward therapeutic correction of phenotypes observed due to defects in de novo GDP-fucose synthesis. Together, these data are consistent with a novel role for the de novo and salvage protein fucosylation pathways in regulating vascular integrity through a Notch dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerissa Fowler
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Danielle V French
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - April Rose
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Paige Squires
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Catarina Aniceto da Silva
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Shinya Ohata
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamoto
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision-making, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Curtis R French
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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38
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Chen W, Xie L, Yu F, Li Y, Chen C, Xie W, Huang T, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Li P. Zebrafish as a Model for In-Depth Mechanistic Study for Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:695-710. [PMID: 34050491 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the world's leading causes of death and disability, posing enormous burden to the society. However, the pathogenesis and mechanisms that underlie brain injury and brain repair remain largely unknown. There's an unmet need of in-depth mechanistic research in this field. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful tool in brain science research mainly due to its small size and transparent body, high genome synteny with human, and similar nervous system structures. It can be used to establish both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke models easily and effectively through different ways. After the establishment of stroke model, research methods including behavioral test, in vivo imaging, and drug screening are available to explore mechanisms that underlie the brain injury and brain repair after stroke. This review focuses on the advantages and the feasibility of zebrafish stroke model, and will also introduce the key methods available for stroke studies in zebrafish, which may drive future mechanistic studies in the pursuit of discovering novel therapeutic targets for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lv Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wanqing Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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39
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Takenoshita M, Takechi M, Vu Hoang T, Furutera T, Akagawa C, Namangkalakul W, Aoto K, Kume T, Miyashin M, Iwamoto T, Iseki S. Cell lineage- and expression-based inference of the roles of forkhead box transcription factor Foxc2 in craniofacial development. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1125-1139. [PMID: 33667029 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foxc2 is a member of the winged helix/forkhead (Fox) box family of transcription factors. Loss of function of Foxc2 causes craniofacial abnormalities such as cleft palate and deformed cranial base, but its role during craniofacial development remains to be elucidated. RESULTS The contributions of Foxc2-positive and its descendant cells to the craniofacial structure at E18.5 were examined using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre driver mouse (Foxc2-CreERT2) crossed with the R26R-LacZ reporter mouse. Foxc2 expression at E8.5 is restricted to the cranial mesenchyme, contributing to specific components including the cranial base, sensory capsule, tongue, upper incisor, and middle ear. Expression at E10.5 was still positively regulated in most of those regions. In situ hybridization analysis of Foxc2 and its closely related gene, Foxc1, revealed that expression domains of these genes largely overlap in the cephalic mesenchyme. Meanwhile, the tongue expressed Foxc2 but not Foxc1, and its development was affected by the neural crest-specific deletion of Foxc2 in mice (Wnt1-Cre; Foxc2fl/fl ). CONCLUSIONS Foxc2 is expressed in cranial mesenchyme that contributes to specific craniofacial tissue components from an early stage, and it seems to be involved in their development in cooperation with Foxc1. Foxc2 also has its own role in tongue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Takenoshita
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Special Needs Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takechi
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tri Vu Hoang
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiko Furutera
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisaki Akagawa
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Worachat Namangkalakul
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Aoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Development of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michiyo Miyashin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Special Needs Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Special Needs Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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40
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He T, Shang J, Gao C, Guan X, Chen Y, Zhu L, Zhang L, Zhang C, Zhang J, Pang T. A novel SIRT6 activator ameliorates neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury via EZH2/FOXC1 axis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:708-726. [PMID: 33777677 PMCID: PMC7982432 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide with limited medications and neuroinflammation was recognized as a critical player in the progression of stroke, but how to control the overactive neuroinflammation is still a long-standing challenge. Here, we designed a novel SIRT6 activator MDL-811 which remarkably inhibited inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and primary mouse microglia, which were abolished by silencing SIRT6. RNA-seq screening identified the forkhead box C1 (Foxc1) is a key gene evoked by MDL-811 stimulation and is required for the anti-inflammatory effects of MDL-811. We found MDL-811-activated SIRT6 directly interacted with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and promoted deacetylation of EZH2 which could bind to the promoter of Foxc1 and upregulate its expression to modulate inflammation. Moreover, our data demonstrated that MDL-811 not only ameliorated sickness behaviors in neuroinflammatory mice induced by LPS, but also markedly reduced the brain injury in ischemic stroke mice in addition to promoting long-term functional recovery. Importantly, MDL-811 also exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects in human monocytes isolated from ischemic stroke patients, underlying an interesting translational perspective. Taken together, MDL-811 could be an alternative therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke and other brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailin He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jialin Shang
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenglong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingyi Chen
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liwen Zhu
- Department of Neurology of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Abstract
Cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) refers to a cerebellum of reduced volume with preserved shape. CH is associated with a broad heterogeneity in neuroradiologic features, etiologies, clinical characteristics, and neurodevelopmental outcomes, challenging physicians evaluating children with CH. Traditionally, neuroimaging has been a key tool to categorize CH based on the pattern of cerebellar involvement (e.g., hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis only vs. hypoplasia of both the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres) and the presence of associated brainstem and cerebral anomalies. With the advances in genetic technologies of the recent decade, many novel CH genes have been identified, and consequently, a constant updating of the literature and revision of the classification of cerebellar malformations are needed. Here, we review the current literature on CH. We propose a systematic approach to recognize specific neuroimaging patterns associated with CH, based on whether the CH is isolated or associated with posterior cerebrospinal fluid anomalies, specific brainstem or cerebellar malformations, brainstem hypoplasia with or without cortical migration anomalies, or dysplasia. The CH radiologic pattern and clinical assessment will allow the clinician to guide his investigations and genetic testing, give a more precise diagnosis, screen for associated comorbidities, and improve prognostication of associated neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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42
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The Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome Gene FOXC1 Contributes to Left-Right Patterning. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020170. [PMID: 33530637 PMCID: PMC7912076 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal expression of the Nodal-Lefty-Pitx2 cascade in the lateral plate mesoderm establishes the left–right axis, which provides vital cues for correct organ formation and function. Mutations of one cascade constituent PITX2 and, separately, the Forkhead transcription factor FOXC1 independently cause a multi-system disorder known as Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome (ARS). Since cardiac involvement is an established ARS phenotype and because disrupted left–right patterning can cause congenital heart defects, we investigated in zebrafish whether foxc1 contributes to organ laterality or situs. We demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-generated foxc1a and foxc1b mutants exhibit abnormal cardiac looping and that the prevalence of cardiac situs defects is increased in foxc1a−/−; foxc1b−/− homozygotes. Similarly, double homozygotes exhibit isomerism of the liver and pancreas, which are key features of abnormal gut situs. Placement of the asymmetric visceral organs relative to the midline was also perturbed by mRNA overexpression of foxc1a and foxc1b. In addition, an analysis of the left–right patterning components, identified in the lateral plate mesoderm of foxc1 mutants, reduced or abolished the expression of the NODAL antagonist lefty2. Together, these data reveal a novel contribution from foxc1 to left–right patterning, demonstrating that this role is sensitive to foxc1 gene dosage, and provide a plausible mechanism for the incidence of congenital heart defects in Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome patients.
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Su C, Liu WC, Li GM, Huang Y. Association Between the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphism and Risk of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Meta-Analysis Based on 7186 Subjects. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105579. [PMID: 33412396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) causes a quarter of all strokes and is the most common pathology underlying vascular dementia. However, the mechanism of CSVD remains unclear. Numerous studies have investigated whether the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) intersection/deletion (I/D) polymorphism influences the risk of CSVD, but the results are controversial. METHODS We searched English and Chinese databases and calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to examine the existence of genetic associations between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the risk of CSVD. All relevant studies were screened and meta-analyzed using Review Manager 5.4. RESULTS A total of 27 studies involving 7,186 subjects were identified for the meta-analysis. The results of five genetic models showed a significantly increased risk of CSVD (allelic, OR=1.30; recessive, OR=1.41; dominant, OR=1.34; homozygous, OR=1.55 and heterozygous OR=1.22) in the overall analysis. Furthermore, in subgroup analysis, increased CSVD risks were also observed in Asian and Caucasian populations. We also found no relationship between ACE I/D and leukoaraiosis (LA) in patients with lacunar infarction (LI). CONCLUSION The ACE I/D polymorphism was positively associated with CSVD in both populations. However, this polymorphism did not increase the risk of LA in LI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Su
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Wen-Chen Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Guo-Ming Li
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
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Blevins BL, Vinters HV, Love S, Wilcock DM, Grinberg LT, Schneider JA, Kalaria RN, Katsumata Y, Gold BT, Wang DJJ, Ma SJ, Shade LMP, Fardo DW, Hartz AMS, Jicha GA, Nelson KB, Magaki SD, Schmitt FA, Teylan MA, Ighodaro ET, Phe P, Abner EL, Cykowski MD, Van Eldik LJ, Nelson PT. Brain arteriolosclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:1-24. [PMID: 33098484 PMCID: PMC8503820 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain arteriolosclerosis (B-ASC), characterized by pathologic arteriolar wall thickening, is a common finding at autopsy in aged persons and is associated with cognitive impairment. Hypertension and diabetes are widely recognized as risk factors for B-ASC. Recent research indicates other and more complex risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms. Here, we describe aspects of the unique architecture of brain arterioles, histomorphologic features of B-ASC, relevant neuroimaging findings, epidemiology and association with aging, established genetic risk factors, and the co-occurrence of B-ASC with other neuropathologic conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). There may also be complex physiologic interactions between metabolic syndrome (e.g., hypertension and inflammation) and brain arteriolar pathology. Although there is no universally applied diagnostic methodology, several classification schemes and neuroimaging techniques are used to diagnose and categorize cerebral small vessel disease pathologies that include B-ASC, microinfarcts, microbleeds, lacunar infarcts, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In clinical-pathologic studies that factored in comorbid diseases, B-ASC was independently associated with impairments of global cognition, episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed, and has been linked to autonomic dysfunction and motor symptoms including parkinsonism. We conclude by discussing critical knowledge gaps related to B-ASC and suggest that there are probably subcategories of B-ASC that differ in pathogenesis. Observed in over 80% of autopsied individuals beyond 80 years of age, B-ASC is a complex and under-studied contributor to neurologic disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Blevins
- Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen SOM at UCLA and Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - Seth Love
- University of Bristol and Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology and Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Brian T Gold
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Danny J J Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Samantha J Ma
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lincoln M P Shade
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neurology, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - Shino D Magaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen SOM at UCLA and Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neurology, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Merilee A Teylan
- Department of Epidemiology, University Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | | | - Panhavuth Phe
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Erin L Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Epidemiology, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Matthew D Cykowski
- Departments of Pathology and Genomic Medicine and Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Rm 311 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone Avenue, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Weigele J, Bohnsack BL. Genetics Underlying the Interactions between Neural Crest Cells and Eye Development. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8040026. [PMID: 33182738 PMCID: PMC7712190 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest is a unique, transient stem cell population that is critical for craniofacial and ocular development. Understanding the genetics underlying the steps of neural crest development is essential for gaining insight into the pathogenesis of congenital eye diseases. The neural crest cells play an under-appreciated key role in patterning the neural epithelial-derived optic cup. These interactions between neural crest cells within the periocular mesenchyme and the optic cup, while not well-studied, are critical for optic cup morphogenesis and ocular fissure closure. As a result, microphthalmia and coloboma are common phenotypes in human disease and animal models in which neural crest cell specification and early migration are disrupted. In addition, neural crest cells directly contribute to numerous ocular structures including the cornea, iris, sclera, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork, and aqueous outflow tracts. Defects in later neural crest cell migration and differentiation cause a constellation of well-recognized ocular anterior segment anomalies such as Axenfeld–Rieger Syndrome and Peters Anomaly. This review will focus on the genetics of the neural crest cells within the context of how these complex processes specifically affect overall ocular development and can lead to congenital eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Weigele
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N. Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brenda L. Bohnsack
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N. Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-227-6180; Fax: +1-312-227-9411
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Rannikmäe K, Henshall DE, Thrippleton S, Ginj Kong Q, Chong M, Grami N, Kuan I, Wilkinson T, Wilson B, Wilson K, Paré G, Sudlow C. Beyond the Brain. Stroke 2020; 51:3007-3017. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose:
An important minority of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is monogenic. Many monogenic cSVD genes are recognized to be associated with extracerebral phenotypes. We assessed the frequency of these phenotypes in existing literature.
Methods:
We performed a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), searching Medline/Embase for publications describing individuals with pathogenic variants in
COL4A1/2
,
TREX1
,
HTRA1
,
ADA2
, and
CTSA
genes (PROSPERO 74804). We included any publication reporting on ≥1 individual with a pathogenic variant and their clinically relevant phenotype. We extracted individuals’ characteristics and information about associated extracerebral phenotypes and stroke/transient ischemic attack. We noted any novel extracerebral phenotypes and looked for shared phenotypes between monogenic cSVDs.
Results:
After screening 6048 publications, we included 96
COL4A1
(350 individuals), 32
TREX1
(115 individuals), 43
HTRA1
(38 homozygous/61 heterozygous individuals), 16
COL4A2
(37 individuals), 119
ADA2
(209 individuals), and 3
CTSA
(14 individuals) publications. The majority of individuals originated from Europe/North America, except for
HTRA1
, where most were from Asia. Age varied widely,
ADA2
individuals being youngest and heterozygous
HTRA1/CTSA
individuals oldest. Sex distribution appeared equal. Extracerebral phenotypes were common: 14% to 100% of individuals with a pathogenic variant manifested at least one extracerebral phenotype (14%
COL4A2
, 43%
HTRA1
heterozygotes, 47%
COL4A1
, 57%
TREX1
, 91%
ADA2
, 94%
HTRA1
homozygotes, and 100%
CTSA
individuals). Indeed, for 4 of 7 genes, an extracerebral phenotype was observed more frequently than stroke/transient ischemic attack. Ocular, renal, hepatic, muscle, and hematologic systems were each involved in more than one monogenic cSVD.
Conclusions:
Extracerebral phenotypes are common in monogenic cSVD with extracerebral system involvement shared between genes. However, inherent biases in the existing literature mean that further data from large-scale population-based longitudinal studies collecting health outcomes in a systematic unbiased way is warranted. The emerging knowledge will help to select patients for testing, inform clinical management, and provide further insights into the underlying mechanisms of cSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Rannikmäe
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute (K.R., D.E.H., T.W., K.W., C.S.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Henshall
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute (K.R., D.E.H., T.W., K.W., C.S.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Thrippleton
- Edinburgh Medical School (S.T., Q.G.K., I.K., B.W.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Qiu Ginj Kong
- Edinburgh Medical School (S.T., Q.G.K., I.K., B.W.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Chong
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, McMaster University, Canada (M.C., N.G., G.P.)
| | - Nickrooz Grami
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, McMaster University, Canada (M.C., N.G., G.P.)
| | - Isaac Kuan
- Edinburgh Medical School (S.T., Q.G.K., I.K., B.W.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Wilkinson
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute (K.R., D.E.H., T.W., K.W., C.S.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Blair Wilson
- Edinburgh Medical School (S.T., Q.G.K., I.K., B.W.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Wilson
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute (K.R., D.E.H., T.W., K.W., C.S.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, McMaster University, Canada (M.C., N.G., G.P.)
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute (K.R., D.E.H., T.W., K.W., C.S.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Chhabda S, Malik P, Reddy N, Muthusamy K, Mirsky D, Sudhakar S, Mankad K. Relapsing Demyelinating Syndromes in Children: A Practical Review of Neuroradiological Mimics. Front Neurol 2020; 11:627. [PMID: 32849169 PMCID: PMC7417677 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapsing demyelinating syndromes (RDS) in children encompass a diverse spectrum of entities including multiple sclerosis (MS) acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), aquaporin-4 antibody associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOG-AD). In addition to these, there are “antibody-negative” demyelinating syndromes which are yet to be fully characterized and defined. The paucity of specific biomarkers and overlap in clinical presentations makes the distinction between these disease entities difficult at initial presentation and, as such, there is a heavy reliance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings to satisfy the criteria for treatment initiation and optimization. Misdiagnosis is not uncommon and is usually related to the inaccurate application of criteria or failure to identify potential clinical and radiological mimics. It is also notable that there are instances where AQP4 and MOG antibody testing may be falsely negative during initial clinical episodes, further complicating the issue. This article illustrates the typical clinico-radiological phenotypes associated with the known pediatric RDS at presentation and describes the neuroimaging mimics of these using a pattern-based approach in the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord. Practical guidance on key distinguishing features in the form of clinical and radiological red flags are incorporated. A subsection on clinical mimics with characteristic imaging patterns that assist in establishing alternative diagnoses is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Chhabda
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prateek Malik
- Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - David Mirsky
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sniya Sudhakar
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Associate Honorary Professor, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Norden PR, Sabine A, Wang Y, Demir CS, Liu T, Petrova TV, Kume T. Shear stimulation of FOXC1 and FOXC2 differentially regulates cytoskeletal activity during lymphatic valve maturation. eLife 2020; 9:53814. [PMID: 32510325 PMCID: PMC7302880 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the transcription factor FOXC2 are predominately associated with lymphedema. Herein, we demonstrate a key role for related factor FOXC1, in addition to FOXC2, in regulating cytoskeletal activity in lymphatic valves. FOXC1 is induced by laminar, but not oscillatory, shear and inducible, endothelial-specific deletion impaired postnatal lymphatic valve maturation in mice. However, deletion of Foxc2 induced valve degeneration, which is exacerbated in Foxc1; Foxc2 mutants. FOXC1 knockdown (KD) in human lymphatic endothelial cells increased focal adhesions and actin stress fibers whereas FOXC2-KD increased focal adherens and disrupted cell junctions, mediated by increased ROCK activation. ROCK inhibition rescued cytoskeletal or junctional integrity changes induced by inactivation of FOXC1 and FOXC2 invitro and vivo respectively, but only ameliorated valve degeneration in Foxc2 mutants. These results identify both FOXC1 and FOXC2 as mediators of mechanotransduction in the postnatal lymphatic vasculature and posit cytoskeletal signaling as a therapeutic target in lymphatic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter R Norden
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Amélie Sabine
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States
| | - Cansaran Saygili Demir
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ting Liu
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
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Cao S, Zhang J, Wang Z, Pan W, Tian Y, Hu P, Wei Q, Wang J, Shi X, Wang K. Laterality of Attentional Networks in Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:21. [PMID: 32265683 PMCID: PMC7098913 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Problems with attention are common in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The normal human brain exhibits functional and structural asymmetry. However, it is unknown whether there is lateralization of attention in patients with CSVD. Objective: This study aims to investigate attention separately in both cerebral hemispheres in patients with CSVD using the computer-based Lateralized Attention Network Test—Revised (LANT-R). Methods: The total number of subjects included was 58, which includes the CSVD (N = 35) and healthy control (HC, N = 23) groups. All subjects completed the LANT-R paradigm and neuropsychological background tests. Results: The results indicate that there is an left hemisphere (LH) lateralization in orienting network efficiency in the HC group. However, this lateralization was not apparent in the CSVD group. Furthermore, the difference between groups was significant (interaction P = 0.02). In addition, the scores of subjects in the CSVD group are lower in several cognitive domains, including attention function, memory function, information processing speed, and executive function, compared with the controls. Conclusion: Patients with CSVD change in the lateralization of attention compared with the normal elderly. The decrease in attention in patients with CSVD might be caused by the reduced ability of selecting useful information in the LH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Jingye Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuli Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Marini
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D. Anderson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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