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Panara V, Varaliová Z, Wilting J, Koltowska K, Jeltsch M. The relationship between the secondary vascular system and the lymphatic vascular system in fish. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38940420 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
New technologies have resulted in a better understanding of blood and lymphatic vascular heterogeneity at the cellular and molecular levels. However, we still need to learn more about the heterogeneity of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems among different species at the anatomical and functional levels. Even the deceptively simple question of the functions of fish lymphatic vessels has yet to be conclusively answered. The most common interpretation assumes a similar dual setup of the vasculature in zebrafish and mammals: a cardiovascular circulatory system, and a lymphatic vascular system (LVS), in which the unidirectional flow is derived from surplus interstitial fluid and returned into the cardiovascular system. A competing interpretation questions the identity of the lymphatic vessels in fish as at least some of them receive their flow from arteries via specialised anastomoses, neither requiring an interstitial source for the lymphatic flow nor stipulating unidirectionality. In this alternative view, the 'fish lymphatics' are a specialised subcompartment of the cardiovascular system, called the secondary vascular system (SVS). Many of the contradictions found in the literature appear to stem from the fact that the SVS develops in part or completely from an embryonic LVS by transdifferentiation. Future research needs to establish the extent of embryonic transdifferentiation of lymphatics into SVS blood vessels. Similarly, more insight is needed into the molecular regulation of vascular development in fish. Most fish possess more than the five vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes and three VEGF receptor genes that we know from mice or humans, and the relative tolerance of fish to whole-genome and gene duplications could underlie the evolutionary diversification of the vasculature. This review discusses the key elements of the fish lymphatics versus the SVS and attempts to draw a picture coherent with the existing data, including phylogenetic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Panara
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Beijer Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Varaliová
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical School Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Beijer Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Michael Jeltsch
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Helsinki One Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Yliopistonkatu 3, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
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Al-Saei O, Malka S, Owen N, Aliyev E, Vempalli FR, Ocieczek P, Al-Khathlan B, Fakhro K, Moosajee M. Increasing the diagnostic yield of childhood glaucoma cases recruited into the 100,000 Genomes Project. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:484. [PMID: 38755526 PMCID: PMC11097485 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood glaucoma (CG) encompasses a heterogeneous group of genetic eye disorders that is responsible for approximately 5% of childhood blindness worldwide. Understanding the molecular aetiology is key to improving diagnosis, prognosis and unlocking the potential for optimising clinical management. In this study, we investigated 86 CG cases from 78 unrelated families of diverse ethnic backgrounds, recruited into the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project (GE100KGP) rare disease cohort, to improve the genetic diagnostic yield. Using the Genomics England/Genomic Medicine Centres (GE/GMC) diagnostic pipeline, 13 unrelated families were solved (13/78, 17%). Further interrogation using an expanded gene panel yielded a molecular diagnosis in 7 more unrelated families (7/78, 9%). This analysis effectively raises the total number of solved CG families in the GE100KGP to 26% (20/78 families). Twenty-five percent (5/20) of the solved families had primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), while 75% (15/20) had secondary CG; 53% of this group had non-acquired ocular anomalies (including iris hypoplasia, megalocornea, ectopia pupillae, retinal dystrophy, and refractive errors) and 47% had non-acquired systemic diseases such as cardiac abnormalities, hearing impairment, and developmental delay. CYP1B1 was the most frequently implicated gene, accounting for 55% (11/20) of the solved families. We identified two novel likely pathogenic variants in the TEK gene, in addition to one novel pathogenic copy number variant (CNV) in FOXC1. Variants that passed undetected in the GE100KGP diagnostic pipeline were likely due to limitations of the tiering process, the use of smaller gene panels during analysis, and the prioritisation of coding SNVs and indels over larger structural variants, CNVs, and non-coding variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma Al-Saei
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samantha Malka
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Nicholas Owen
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Elbay Aliyev
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Paulina Ocieczek
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | | | - Khalid Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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Panara V, Yu H, Peng D, Staxäng K, Hodik M, Filipek-Gorniok B, Kazenwadel J, Skoczylas R, Mason E, Allalou A, Harvey NL, Haitina T, Hogan BM, Koltowska K. Multiple cis-regulatory elements control prox1a expression in distinct lymphatic vascular beds. Development 2024; 151:dev202525. [PMID: 38722096 PMCID: PMC11128278 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
During embryonic development, lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) precursors are distinguished from blood endothelial cells by the expression of Prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1), which is essential for lymphatic vasculature formation in mouse and zebrafish. Prox1 expression initiation precedes LEC sprouting and migration, serving as the marker of specified LECs. Despite its crucial role in lymphatic development, Prox1 upstream regulation in LECs remains to be uncovered. SOX18 and COUP-TFII are thought to regulate Prox1 in mice by binding its promoter region. However, the specific regulation of Prox1 expression in LECs remains to be studied in detail. Here, we used evolutionary conservation and chromatin accessibility to identify enhancers located in the proximity of zebrafish prox1a active in developing LECs. We confirmed the functional role of the identified sequences through CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of a lymphatic valve enhancer. The deletion of this region results in impaired valve morphology and function. Overall, our results reveal an intricate control of prox1a expression through a collection of enhancers. Ray-finned fish-specific distal enhancers drive pan-lymphatic expression, whereas vertebrate-conserved proximal enhancers refine expression in functionally distinct subsets of lymphatic endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Panara
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
- Beijer Gene and Neuro Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Hujun Yu
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Di Peng
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Karin Staxäng
- BioVis Core Facility, Platform EM, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Monika Hodik
- BioVis Core Facility, Platform EM, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Beata Filipek-Gorniok
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Jan Kazenwadel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Renae Skoczylas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Mason
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Amin Allalou
- Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, Division of Visual Information and Interaction, and SciLifeLab BioImage Informatics Facility, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Natasha L. Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Tatjana Haitina
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
- Beijer Gene and Neuro Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
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Yin X, Zhang S, Lee JH, Dong H, Mourgkos G, Terwilliger G, Kraus A, Geraldo LH, Poulet M, Fischer S, Zhou T, Mohammed FS, Zhou J, Wang Y, Malloy S, Rohner N, Sharma L, Salinas I, Eichmann A, Thomas JL, Saltzman WM, Huttner A, Zeiss C, Ring A, Iwasaki A, Song E. Compartmentalized ocular lymphatic system mediates eye-brain immunity. Nature 2024; 628:204-211. [PMID: 38418880 PMCID: PMC10990932 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The eye, an anatomical extension of the central nervous system (CNS), exhibits many molecular and cellular parallels to the brain. Emerging research demonstrates that changes in the brain are often reflected in the eye, particularly in the retina1. Still, the possibility of an immunological nexus between the posterior eye and the rest of the CNS tissues remains unexplored. Here, studying immune responses to herpes simplex virus in the brain, we observed that intravitreal immunization protects mice against intracranial viral challenge. This protection extended to bacteria and even tumours, allowing therapeutic immune responses against glioblastoma through intravitreal immunization. We further show that the anterior and posterior compartments of the eye have distinct lymphatic drainage systems, with the latter draining to the deep cervical lymph nodes through lymphatic vasculature in the optic nerve sheath. This posterior lymphatic drainage, like that of meningeal lymphatics, could be modulated by the lymphatic stimulator VEGFC. Conversely, we show that inhibition of lymphatic signalling on the optic nerve could overcome a major limitation in gene therapy by diminishing the immune response to adeno-associated virus and ensuring continued efficacy after multiple doses. These results reveal a shared lymphatic circuit able to mount a unified immune response between the posterior eye and the brain, highlighting an understudied immunological feature of the eye and opening up the potential for new therapeutic strategies in ocular and CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sophia Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ju Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Huiping Dong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - George Mourgkos
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gordon Terwilliger
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aurora Kraus
- Center of Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Luiz Henrique Geraldo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mathilde Poulet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Suzanne Fischer
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Farrah Shalima Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongfu Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Seth Malloy
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irene Salinas
- Center of Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Université de Paris, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institut du Cerveau, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anita Huttner
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline Zeiss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aaron Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Wu X, Ma Y, Zhang Z, Hou T, He Y. New targets of nascent lymphatic vessels in ocular diseases. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1374627. [PMID: 38529484 PMCID: PMC10961382 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1374627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of endothelial markers of lymphatic vessels and lymphangiogenic factors have shed light on the association between several ocular diseases and ocular nascent lymphatic vessels. The immune privilege of corneal tissue typically limits the formation of lymphatic vessels in a healthy eye. However, vessels in the eyes can potentially undergo lymphangiogenesis and be conditionally activated. It is evident that nascent lymphatic vessels in the eyes contribute to various ocular pathologies. Conversely, lymphatic vessels are present in the corneal limbus, ciliary body, lacrimal glands, optic nerve sheaths, and extraocular muscles, while a lymphatic vasculature-like system exists in the choroid, that can potentially cause several ocular pathologies. Moreover, numerous studies indicate that many ocular diseases can influence or activate nascent lymphatic vessels, ultimately affecting patient prognosis. By understanding the mechanisms underlying the onset, development, and regression of ocular nascent lymphatic vessels, as well as exploring related research on ocular diseases, this article aims to offer novel perspectives for the treatment of such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Wu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yunkun Ma
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaochen Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Gu X, Chen X, Zhang X, Liu K, Li JJ, Lv W, Zeng L, Wu M, Zhou W, Wang W, Shi S, Deng Y, Li Y, Gao X, Ju R, Dubrac A, Liu X, Zhang F. Macrophage-induced integrin signaling promotes Schlemm's canal formation to prevent intraocular hypertension and glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113799. [PMID: 38367239 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Schlemm's canal (SC) functions to maintain proper intraocular pressure (IOP) by draining aqueous humor and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for glaucoma, the second-leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms governing SC development and functionality remains limited. Here, we show that vitronectin (VTN) produced by limbal macrophages promotes SC formation and prevents intraocular hypertension by activating integrin αvβ3 signaling. Genetic inactivation of this signaling system inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and FOXO1 and reduced β-catenin activity and FOXC2 expression, thereby causing impaired Prox1 expression and deteriorated SC morphogenesis. This ultimately led to increased IOP and glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Intriguingly, we found that aged SC displayed downregulated integrin β3 in association with dampened Prox1 expression. Conversely, FOXO1 inhibition rejuvenated the aged SC by inducing Prox1 expression and SC regrowth, highlighting a possible strategy by targeting VTN/integrin αvβ3 signaling to improve SC functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Keli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenyu Lv
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Mingjuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weibin Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shunhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yicheng Deng
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yunhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xinbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Alexandre Dubrac
- Centre de Recherche, CHU St. Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Potter R, Ayala M, Tilevik A. Identification of biomarker candidates for exfoliative glaucoma from autoimmunity profiling. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:44. [PMID: 38287276 PMCID: PMC10826272 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) is a subtype of open-angle glaucoma characterized by distinctive extracellular fibrils and a yet unknown pathogenesis potentially involving immune-related factors. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify biomarkers for XFG using data from autoimmunity profiling performed on blood samples from a Scandinavian cohort of patients. METHODS Autoantibody screening was analyzed against 258 different protein fragments in blood samples taken from 30 patients diagnosed with XFG and 30 healthy donors. The 258 protein fragments were selected based on a preliminary study performed on 3072 randomly selected antigens and antigens associated with the eye. The "limma" package was used to perform moderated t-tests on the proteomic data to identify differentially expressed reactivity between the groups. RESULTS Multiple associated genes were highlighted as possible biomarker candidates including FUT2, CDH5, and the LOX family genes. Using seven variables, our binary logistic regression model was able to classify the cases from the controls with an AUC of 0.85, and our reduced model using only one variable corresponding to the FUT2 gene provided an AUC of 0.75, based on LOOCV. Furthermore, over-representation gene analysis was performed to identify pathways that were associated with antigens differentially bound to self-antibodies. This highlighted the enrichment of pathways related to collagen fibril formation and the regulatory molecules mir-3176 and mir-876-5p. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests several potential biomarkers that may be useful in developing further models of the pathology of XFG. In particular, CDH5, FUT2, and the LOX family seem to have a relationship which merits additional exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Potter
- Systems Biology Research Centre, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marcelo Ayala
- Skaraborgs Sjukhus, Skövde, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet: Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Tilevik
- Systems Biology Research Centre, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
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8
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Balasubramanian R, Kizhatil K, Li T, Tolman N, Bhandari A, Clark G, Bupp-Chickering V, Kelly RA, Zhou S, Peregrin J, Simón M, Montgomery C, Stamer WD, Qian J, John SWM. Transcriptomic profiling of Schlemm's canal cells reveals a lymphatic-biased identity and three major cell states. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.31.555823. [PMID: 37886472 PMCID: PMC10602040 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.31.555823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Schlemm's canal (SC) is central in intraocular pressure regulation but requires much characterization. It has distinct inner and outer walls, each composed of Schlemm's canal endothelial cells (SECs) with different morphologies and functions. Recent transcriptomic studies of the anterior segment added important knowledge, but were limited in power by SEC numbers or did not focus on SC. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of SC biology, we performed bulk RNA sequencing on C57BL/6J SC, blood vessel, and lymphatic endothelial cells from limbal tissue (~4500 SECs). We also analyzed mouse limbal tissues by single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (C57BL/6J and 129/Sj strains), successfully sequencing 903 individual SECs. Together, these datasets confirm that SC has molecular characteristics of both blood and lymphatic endothelia with a lymphatic phenotype predominating. SECs are enriched in pathways that regulate cell-cell junction formation pointing to the importance of junctions in determining SC fluid permeability. Importantly, and for the first time, our analyses characterize 3 molecular classes of SECs, molecularly distinguishing inner wall from outer wall SECs and discovering two inner wall cell states that likely result from local environmental differences. Further, and based on ligand and receptor expression patterns, we document key interactions between SECs and cells of the adjacent trabecular meshwork (TM) drainage tissue. Also, we present cell type expression for a collection of human glaucoma genes. These data provide a new molecular foundation that will enable the functional dissection of key homeostatic processes mediated by SECs as well as the development of new glaucoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taibo Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicholas Tolman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Aakriti Bhandari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Ruth A Kelly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, NC
| | - Sally Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY
| | - John Peregrin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Marina Simón
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Christa Montgomery
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Simon W M John
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
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9
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Hu Z, Zhao X, Wu Z, Qu B, Yuan M, Xing Y, Song Y, Wang Z. Lymphatic vessel: origin, heterogeneity, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38172098 PMCID: PMC10764842 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels, comprising the secondary circulatory system in human body, play a multifaceted role in maintaining homeostasis among various tissues and organs. They are tasked with a serious of responsibilities, including the regulation of lymph absorption and transport, the orchestration of immune surveillance and responses. Lymphatic vessel development undergoes a series of sophisticated regulatory signaling pathways governing heterogeneous-origin cell populations stepwise to assemble into the highly specialized lymphatic vessel networks. Lymphangiogenesis, as defined by new lymphatic vessels sprouting from preexisting lymphatic vessels/embryonic veins, is the main developmental mechanism underlying the formation and expansion of lymphatic vessel networks in an embryo. However, abnormal lymphangiogenesis could be observed in many pathological conditions and has a close relationship with the development and progression of various diseases. Mechanistic studies have revealed a set of lymphangiogenic factors and cascades that may serve as the potential targets for regulating abnormal lymphangiogenesis, to further modulate the progression of diseases. Actually, an increasing number of clinical trials have demonstrated the promising interventions and showed the feasibility of currently available treatments for future clinical translation. Targeting lymphangiogenic promoters or inhibitors not only directly regulates abnormal lymphangiogenesis, but improves the efficacy of diverse treatments. In conclusion, we present a comprehensive overview of lymphatic vessel development and physiological functions, and describe the critical involvement of abnormal lymphangiogenesis in multiple diseases. Moreover, we summarize the targeting therapeutic values of abnormal lymphangiogenesis, providing novel perspectives for treatment strategy of multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xushi Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Bicheng Qu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Minxian Yuan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yanan Xing
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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10
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Schnabellehner S, Kraft M, Schoofs H, Ortsäter H, Mäkinen T. Penile cavernous sinusoids are Prox1-positive hybrid vessels. VASCULAR BIOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2024; 6:e230014. [PMID: 38051669 PMCID: PMC10831540 DOI: 10.1530/vb-23-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) of blood and lymphatic vessels have distinct identity markers that define their specialized functions. Recently, hybrid vasculatures with both blood and lymphatic vessel-specific features have been discovered in multiple tissues. Here, we identify the penile cavernous sinusoidal vessels (pc-Ss) as a new hybrid vascular bed expressing key lymphatic EC identity genes Prox1, Vegfr3,and Lyve1. Using single-cell transcriptome data of human corpus cavernosum tissue, we found heterogeneity within pc-S endothelia and observed distinct transcriptional alterations related to inflammatory processes in hybrid ECs in erectile dysfunction associated with diabetes. Molecular, ultrastructural, and functional studies further established hybrid identity of pc-Ss in mouse, and revealed their morphological adaptations and ability to perform lymphatic-like function in draining high-molecular-weight tracers. Interestingly, we found that inhibition of the key lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-C did not block the development of pc-Ss in mice, distinguishing them from other lymphatic and hybrid vessels analyzed so far. Our findings provide a detailed molecular characterization of hybrid pc-Ss and pave the way for the identification of molecular targets for therapies in conditions of dysregulated penile vasculature, including erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schnabellehner
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marle Kraft
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Schoofs
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ortsäter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Fujimoto K, Hashimoto D, Kim SW, Lee YS, Suzuki T, Nakata M, Kumegawa S, Asamura S, Yamada G. Novel erectile analyses revealed augmentable penile Lyve-1, the lymphatic marker, expression. Reprod Med Biol 2024; 23:e12570. [PMID: 38566911 PMCID: PMC10985380 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pathophysiology of penis extends to erectile dysfunction (ED) to conditions including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and cancer. To date, there has been little research evaluating vascular drainage from the penis. We aimed to evaluate penile blood flow in vivo and analyze its possible relationship with the lymphatic maker. Materials and Methods We established an in vivo system designed to assess the dynamic blood outflow from the corpus cavernosum (CC) by dye injection. To analyze lymphatic characteristics in the CC, the expression of Lyve-1, the key lymphatic endothelium marker, was examined by the in vitro system and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to mimic the inflammatory conditions. Results A novel cavernography methods enable high-resolution morphological and functional blood drainage analysis. The expression of Lyve-1 was detected along the sinusoids. Furthermore, its prominent expression was also observed after penile LPS injection and in the erectile condition. Conclusions The current in vivo system will potentially contribute to the assessment of penile pathology from a novel viewpoint. In addition, current analyses revealed inducible Lyve-1 expression for LPS injection and the erection state, which requires further analyses on penile lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Fujimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Daiki Hashimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKindai UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Sang Woon Kim
- Department of Urology, Urological Science InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Yong Seung Lee
- Department of Urology, Urological Science InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Masanori Nakata
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Shinji Kumegawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Shinichi Asamura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
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12
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Montenegro-Navarro N, García-Báez C, García-Caballero M. Molecular and metabolic orchestration of the lymphatic vasculature in physiology and pathology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8389. [PMID: 38104163 PMCID: PMC10725466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis refers to the generation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing ones. During development and particular adult states, lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) undergo reprogramming of their transcriptomic and signaling networks to support the high demands imposed by cell proliferation and migration. Although there has been substantial progress in identifying growth factors and signaling pathways controlling lymphangiogenesis in the last decades, insights into the role of metabolism in lymphatic cell functions are just emerging. Despite numerous similarities between the main metabolic pathways existing in LECs, blood ECs (BEC) and other cell types, accumulating evidence has revealed that LECs acquire a unique metabolic signature during lymphangiogenesis, and their metabolic engine is intertwined with molecular regulatory networks, resulting in a tightly regulated and interconnected process. Considering the implication of lymphatic dysfunction in cancer and lymphedema, alongside other pathologies, recent findings hold promising opportunities to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the status of knowledge in the molecular and metabolic network regulating the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Montenegro-Navarro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Claudia García-Báez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain.
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13
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Youngblood H, Schoenlein PV, Pasquale LR, Stamer WD, Liu Y. Estrogen dysregulation, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma risk. Exp Eye Res 2023; 237:109725. [PMID: 37956940 PMCID: PMC10842791 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by optic nerve atrophy due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Of the major risk factors for glaucoma (age, ocular hypertension, and genetics), only elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is modifiable, which is largely regulated by aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone have long been known to elevate IOP and lead to glaucoma. However, several recent studies have reported that steroid hormone estrogen levels inversely correlate with glaucoma risk, and that variants in estrogen signaling genes have been associated with glaucoma. As a result, estrogen dysregulation may contribute to glaucoma pathogenesis, and estrogen signaling may protect against glaucoma. The mechanism for estrogen-related protection against glaucoma is not completely understood but likely involves both regulation of IOP homeostasis and neuroprotection of RGCs. Based upon its known activities, estrogen signaling may promote IOP homeostasis by affecting extracellular matrix turnover, focal adhesion assembly, actin stress fiber formation, mechanosensation, and nitric oxide production. In addition, estrogen receptors in the RGCs may mediate neuroprotective functions. As a result, the estrogen signaling pathway may offer a therapeutic target for both IOP control and neuroprotection. This review examines the evidence for a relationship between estrogen and IOP and explores the possible mechanisms by which estrogen maintains IOP homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Youngblood
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Patricia V Schoenlein
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Radiology and Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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14
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Ujiie N, Norden PR, Fang R, Beckmann L, Cai Z, Kweon J, Liu T, Tan C, Kuhn MS, Stamer WD, Aoto K, Quaggin SE, Zhang HF, Kume T. Differential roles of FOXC2 in the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal in glaucomatous pathology. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201721. [PMID: 37414529 PMCID: PMC10326420 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired development and maintenance of Schlemm's canal (SC) are associated with perturbed aqueous humor outflow and intraocular pressure. The angiopoietin (ANGPT)/TIE2 signaling pathway regulates SC development and maintenance, whereas the molecular mechanisms of crosstalk between SC and the neural crest (NC)-derived neighboring tissue, the trabecular meshwork (TM), are poorly understood. Here, we show NC-specific forkhead box (Fox)c2 deletion in mice results in impaired SC morphogenesis, loss of SC identity, and elevated intraocular pressure. Visible-light optical coherence tomography analysis further demonstrated functional impairment of the SC in response to changes in intraocular pressure in NC-Foxc2 -/- mice, suggesting altered TM biomechanics. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis identified that this phenotype is predominately characterized by transcriptional changes associated with extracellular matrix organization and stiffness in TM cell clusters, including increased matrix metalloproteinase expression, which can cleave the TIE2 ectodomain to produce soluble TIE2. Moreover, endothelial-specific Foxc2 deletion impaired SC morphogenesis because of reduced TIE2 expression, which was rescued by deleting the TIE2 phosphatase VE-PTP. Thus, Foxc2 is critical in maintaining SC identity and morphogenesis via TM-SC crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Ujiie
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pieter R Norden
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raymond Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lisa Beckmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Can Tan
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan S Kuhn
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Kazushi Aoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Clahsen T, Hadrian K, Notara M, Schlereth SL, Howaldt A, Prokosch V, Volatier T, Hos D, Schroedl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Heindl LM, Steven P, Bosch JJ, Steinkasserer A, Rokohl AC, Liu H, Mestanoglu M, Kashkar H, Schumacher B, Kiefer F, Schulte-Merker S, Matthaei M, Hou Y, Fassbender S, Jantsch J, Zhang W, Enders P, Bachmann B, Bock F, Cursiefen C. The novel role of lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101157. [PMID: 36759312 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the eye has been considered as an organ free of lymphatic vessels. In recent years, however, it became evident, that lymphatic vessels or lymphatic-like vessels contribute to several ocular pathologies at various peri- and intraocular locations. The aim of this review is to outline the pathogenetic role of ocular lymphatics, the respective molecular mechanisms and to discuss current and future therapeutic options based thereon. We will give an overview on the vascular anatomy of the healthy ocular surface and the molecular mechanisms contributing to corneal (lymph)angiogenic privilege. In addition, we present (i) current insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms occurring during pathological neovascularization of the cornea triggered e.g. by inflammation or trauma, (ii) the role of lymphatic vessels in different ocular surface pathologies such as dry eye disease, corneal graft rejection, ocular graft versus host disease, allergy, and pterygium, (iii) the involvement of lymphatic vessels in ocular tumors and metastasis, and (iv) the novel role of the lymphatic-like structure of Schlemm's canal in glaucoma. Identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms and of novel modulators of lymphangiogenesis will contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of ocular diseases associated with pathological lymphangiogenesis in the future. The preclinical data presented here outline novel therapeutic concepts for promoting transplant survival, inhibiting metastasis of ocular tumors, reducing inflammation of the ocular surface, and treating glaucoma. Initial data from clinical trials suggest first success of novel treatment strategies to promote transplant survival based on pretransplant corneal lymphangioregression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karina Hadrian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simona L Schlereth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonia Howaldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Volatier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Deniz Hos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Falk Schroedl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Steven
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacobus J Bosch
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Mestanoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sonja Fassbender
- IUF‒Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Enders
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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16
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González-Hernández S, Mukouyama YS. Lymphatic vasculature in the central nervous system. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1150775. [PMID: 37091974 PMCID: PMC10119411 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1150775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is considered as an immune privilege organ, based on experiments in the mid 20th century showing that the brain fails to mount an efficient immune response against an allogeneic graft. This suggests that in addition to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the apparent absence of classical lymphatic vasculature in the CNS parenchyma limits the capacity for an immune response. Although this view is partially overturned by the recent discovery of the lymphatic-like hybrid vessels in the Schlemm's canal in the eye and the lymphatic vasculature in the outmost layer of the meninges, the existence of lymphatic vessels in the CNS parenchyma has not been reported. Two potential mechanisms by which lymphatic vasculature may arise in the organs are: 1) sprouting and invasion of lymphatic vessels from the surrounding tissues into the parenchyma and 2) differentiation of blood endothelial cells into lymphatic endothelial cells in the parenchyma. Considering these mechanisms, we here discuss what causes the dearth of lymphatic vessels specifically in the CNS parenchyma.
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17
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The Impact of Stem/Progenitor Cells on Lymphangiogenesis in Vascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244056. [PMID: 36552820 PMCID: PMC9776475 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels, as the main tube network of fluid drainage and leukocyte transfer, are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis and pathological repairment. Recently, by using genetic lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing techniques, significant cognitive progress has been made about the impact of stem/progenitor cells during lymphangiogenesis. In the embryonic stage, the lymphatic network is primarily formed through self-proliferation and polarized-sprouting from the lymph sacs. However, the assembly of lymphatic stem/progenitor cells also guarantees the sustained growth of lymphvasculogenesis to obtain the entire function. In addition, there are abundant sources of stem/progenitor cells in postnatal tissues, including circulating progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells, and adipose tissue stem cells, which can directly differentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells and participate in lymphangiogenesis. Specifically, recent reports indicated a novel function of lymphangiogenesis in transplant arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. In the present review, we summarized the latest evidence about the diversity and incorporation of stem/progenitor cells in lymphatic vasculature during both the embryonic and postnatal stages, with emphasis on the impact of lymphangiogenesis in the development of vascular diseases to provide a rational guidance for future research.
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Liu P, Lavine JA, Fawzi A, Quaggin SE, Thomson BR. Angiopoietin-1 Is Required for Vortex Vein and Choriocapillaris Development in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1413-1427. [PMID: 36172864 PMCID: PMC9613622 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choroidal vasculature, including the choriocapillaris and vortex veins, is essential for providing nutrients to the metabolically demanding photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. Choroidal vascular dysfunction leads to vision loss and is associated with age-related macular degeneration and the poorly understood pachychoroid diseases including central serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy that are characterized by formation of dilated pachyvessels throughout the choroid. METHODS Using neural crest-specific Angpt1 knockout mice, we show that Angiopoietin 1, a ligand of the endothelial receptor TEK (also known as Tie2) is essential for choriocapillaris development and vortex vein patterning. RESULTS Lacking choroidal ANGPT1, neural crest-specific Angpt1 knockout eyes exhibited marked choriocapillaris attenuation and 50% reduction in number of vortex veins, with only 2 vortex veins present in the majority of eyes. Shortly after birth, dilated choroidal vessels resembling human pachyvessels were observed extending from the remaining vortex veins and displacing the choriocapillaris, leading to retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and subretinal neovascularization similar to that seen in pachychoroid disease. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings identify a new role for ANGPT1 in ocular vascular development and demonstrate a clear link between vortex vein dysfunction, pachyvessel formation, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Inst. Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy A. Lavine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amani Fawzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Inst. Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Thomson
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Inst. Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ferre-Fernández JJ, Muheisen S, Thompson S, Semina EV. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated functional dissection of the foxc1 genomic region in zebrafish identifies critical conserved cis-regulatory elements. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:49. [PMID: 36284357 PMCID: PMC9597995 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXC1 encodes a forkhead-domain transcription factor associated with several ocular disorders. Correct FOXC1 dosage is critical to normal development, yet the mechanisms controlling its expression remain unknown. Together with FOXQ1 and FOXF2, FOXC1 is part of a cluster of FOX genes conserved in vertebrates. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated dissection of genomic sequences surrounding two zebrafish orthologs of FOXC1 was performed. This included five zebrafish-human conserved regions, three downstream of foxc1a and two remotely upstream of foxf2a/foxc1a or foxf2b/foxc1b clusters, as well as two intergenic regions between foxc1a/b and foxf2a/b lacking sequence conservation but positionally corresponding to the area encompassing a previously reported glaucoma-associated SNP in humans. Removal of downstream sequences altered foxc1a expression; moreover, zebrafish carrying deletions of two or three downstream elements demonstrated abnormal phenotypes including enlargement of the anterior chamber of the eye reminiscent of human congenital glaucoma. Deletions of distant upstream conserved elements influenced the expression of foxf2a/b or foxq1a/b but not foxc1a/b within each cluster. Removal of either intergenic sequence reduced foxc1a or foxc1b expression during late development, suggesting a role in transcriptional regulation despite the lack of conservation at the nucleotide level. Further studies of the identified regions in human patients may explain additional individuals with developmental ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús-José Ferre-Fernández
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Sanaa Muheisen
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Samuel Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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20
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He JN, Ng TK, Lu SY, Tam POS, Chan PP, Tham CC, Pang CP, Chen LJ, Chu WK. Genetic association of ANGPT2 with primary open-angle glaucoma. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 9:37. [PMID: 36199153 PMCID: PMC9535884 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-022-00309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the association of the ANGPT2 gene with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Chinese. METHODS Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ANGPT2 (rs2515487, rs2922869, rs13255574, rs4455855, rs13269021, and rs11775442) were genotyped in a total of 2601 study subjects from two cohorts. One is a Hong Kong Chinese cohort of 484 high tension glaucoma (HTG) and 537 normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients, and 496 non-glaucoma control subjects. Another cohort is a Shantou Chinese cohort of 403 HTG and 135 NTG patients, and 543 non-glaucoma control subjects. Subgroup analysis by sex was conducted. Outcomes from different cohorts were combined for meta-analysis. RESULTS The association of SNP rs11775442 with NTG in the Hong Kong cohort [P = 0.0498, OR = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.55] after adjusting for age and sex did not reach statistical significance after Bonferroni correction. Other SNPs were not significantly associated with NTG, HTG and POAG in individual cohort or in the combined analyses (P > 0.05). In the subgroup analysis by sex, SNP rs13269021 in the Shantou cohort, but not in the Hong Kong cohort, was significantly associated with NTG in males (P = 0.0081, OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.14-2.43) but not in females (P = 0.874). In the combined analyses by sex, no SNPs were significantly associated with NTG, HTG and POAG. CONCLUSIONS In the subgroup analysis by sex, a significant association was shown in SNP rs13269021 with NTG in Shantou males, but not in Hong Kong males. Further studies are needed to verify the association between ANGPT2 locus (rs13269021) and NTG in Chinese males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Na He
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi Yao Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pancy Oi Sin Tam
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Poemen P Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Lam Kin Chung, Jet King-Shing Ho Glaucoma Treatment and Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Lim Por-Yen Eye Genetics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Lam Kin Chung, Jet King-Shing Ho Glaucoma Treatment and Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Lim Por-Yen Eye Genetics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Lam Kin Chung, Jet King-Shing Ho Glaucoma Treatment and Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Lim Por-Yen Eye Genetics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Lam Kin Chung, Jet King-Shing Ho Glaucoma Treatment and Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Lim Por-Yen Eye Genetics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Lam Kin Chung, Jet King-Shing Ho Glaucoma Treatment and Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Lim Por-Yen Eye Genetics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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21
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Kapiainen E, Elamaa H, Miinalainen I, Izzi V, Eklund L. Cooperation of Angiopoietin-2 and Angiopoietin-4 in Schlemm's Canal Maintenance. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:1. [PMID: 36190459 PMCID: PMC9547357 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Defects in the iridocorneal angle tissues, including the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC), impair aqueous humor flow and increase the intraocular pressure (IOP), eventually resulting in glaucoma. Activation of endothelial tyrosine kinase receptor Tie2 by angiopoietin-1 (Angpt1) has been demonstrated to be essential for SC formation, but roles of the other two Tie2 ligands, Angpt2 and Angpt4, have been controversial or not yet characterized, respectively. Methods Angpt4 expression was investigated using genetic cell fate mapping and reporter mice. Congenital deletion of Angpt2 and Angpt4 and tamoxifen-inducible deletion of Angpt1 in mice were used to study the effects of Angpt4 deletion alone and in combination with the other angiopoietins. SC morphology was examined with immunofluorescent staining. IOP measurements, electron microscopy, and histologic evaluation were used to study glaucomatous changes. Results Angpt4 was postnatally expressed in the TM. While Angpt4 deletion alone did not affect SC and Angpt4 deletion did not aggravate Angpt1 deletion phenotype, absence of Angpt4 combined with Angpt2 deletion had detrimental effects on SC morphology in adult mice. Consequently, Angpt2−/−;Angpt4−/− mice displayed glaucomatous changes in the eye. Mice with Angpt2 deletion alone showed only moderate SC defects, but Angpt2 was necessary for proper limbal vasculature development. Mechanistically, analysis of Tie2 phosphorylation suggested that Angpt2 and Angpt4 cooperate as agonistic Tie2 ligands in maintaining SC integrity. Conclusions Our results indicated an additive effect of Angpt4 in SC maintenance and Tie2 activation and a spatiotemporally regulated interplay between the angiopoietins in the mouse iridocorneal angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Kapiainen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Harri Elamaa
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilkka Miinalainen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Eklund
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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22
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An analysis modality for vascular structures combining tissue-clearing technology and topological data analysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5239. [PMID: 36097010 PMCID: PMC9468184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood and lymphatic vasculature networks are not yet fully understood even in mouse because of the inherent limitations of imaging systems and quantification methods. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of the tissue-clearing technology for visualizing blood and lymphatic vessels in adult mouse. Clear, unobstructed brain/body imaging cocktails and computational analysis (CUBIC) enables us to capture the high-resolution 3D images of organ- or area-specific vascular structures. To evaluate these 3D structural images, signals are first classified from the original captured images by machine learning at pixel base. Then, these classified target signals are subjected to topological data analysis and non-homogeneous Poisson process model to extract geometric features. Consequently, the structural difference of vasculatures is successfully evaluated in mouse disease models. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the utility of CUBIC for analysis of vascular structures and presents its feasibility as an analysis modality in combination with 3D images and mathematical frameworks. Understanding blood and lymphatic vasculature networks is currently limited by existing imaging systems and quantification methods. Here the authors use the tissue clearing method CUBIC to generate 3D images, machine learning to capture the signals, and extract geometric features by topological data analysis.
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23
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Nakamura K, Kojima S, Inoue-Mochita M, Tanihara H, Inoue T. Elevated soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor levels in aqueous humor from patients with different types of glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2022; 223:109204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Wang R, Yang M, Jiang L, Huang M. Role of Angiopoietin-Tie axis in vascular and lymphatic systems and therapeutic interventions. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106331. [PMID: 35772646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Angiopoietin (Ang)-Tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains (Tie) axis is an endothelial cell-specific ligand-receptor signaling pathway necessary for vascular and lymphatic development. The Ang-Tie axis is involved in regulating angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, vascular permeability, and inflammation to maintain vascular quiescence. Disruptions in the Ang-Tie axis are involved in many vascular and lymphatic system diseases and play an important role in physiological and pathological vascular conditions. Given recent advances in the Ang-Tie axis in the vascular and lymphatic systems, this review focuses on the multiple functions of the Ang-Tie axis in inflammation-induced vascular permeability, vascular remodeling, atherosclerosis, ocular angiogenesis, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis. A summary of relevant therapeutic approaches to the Ang-Tie axis, including therapeutic antibodies, recombinant proteins and small molecule drugs are also discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide new hypotheses and identify potential therapeutic strategies based on the Ang-Tie signaling axis for the treatment of vascular and lymphatic-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis & Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA02215, United States
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China.
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25
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Lewczuk K, Jabłońska J, Konopińska J, Mariak Z, Rękas M. Schlemm's canal: the outflow 'vessel'. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e881-e890. [PMID: 34519170 PMCID: PMC9293138 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In a healthy eye, the aqueous humour (AH) flows via the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork into the collector channels, which carry it to the episcleral veins. In glaucoma, a heterogeneous group of eye disorders affecting approximately 60 million individuals worldwide, the juxtacanalicular meshwork offers greater resistance to the outflow of the AH, leading to an increase in outflow resistance that gradually results in elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The present review comprehensively covers the morphology of Schlemm’s canal (SC) and AH pathways. The path of the AH from the anterior chamber through the trabeculum into suprascleral and conjunctival veins via collector channels is described, and the role of SC in the development of glaucoma and outflow resistance is discussed. Finally, channelography is presented as a precise method of assessing the conventional drainage pathway and facilitating localization of an uncollapsed collector and aqueous veins. Attention is also given to the relationship between aqueous and episcleral veins and heartbeat. Possible directions of future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Lewczuk
- Department of Ophthalmology Military Institute of Medicine Warsaw Poland
| | - Joanna Jabłońska
- Department of Ophthalmology Military Institute of Medicine Warsaw Poland
| | - Joanna Konopińska
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University in Bialystok Białystok Poland
| | - Zofia Mariak
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University in Bialystok Białystok Poland
| | - Marek Rękas
- Department of Ophthalmology Military Institute of Medicine Warsaw Poland
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26
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Kolarzyk AM, Wong G, Lee E. Lymphatic Tissue and Organ Engineering for In Vitro Modeling and In Vivo Regeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:a041169. [PMID: 35288402 PMCID: PMC9435571 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system has an important role in maintaining fluid homeostasis and transporting immune cells and biomolecules, such as dietary fat, metabolic products, and antigens in different organs and tissues. Therefore, impaired lymphatic vessel function and/or lymphatic vessel deficiency can lead to numerous human diseases. The discovery of lymphatic endothelial markers and prolymphangiogenic growth factors, along with a growing number of in vitro and in vivo models and technologies has expedited research in lymphatic tissue and organ engineering, advancing therapeutic strategies. In this article, we describe lymphatic tissue and organ engineering in two- and three-dimensional culture systems and recently developed microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip systems in vitro. Next, we discuss advances in lymphatic tissue and organ engineering in vivo, focusing on biomaterial and scaffold engineering and their applications for lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organ regeneration. Last, we provide expert perspective and prospects in the field of lymphatic tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Kolarzyk
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences PhD Program, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Gigi Wong
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences PhD Program, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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27
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Yoshimatsu Y, Watabe T. Emerging roles of inflammation-mediated endothelial–mesenchymal transition in health and disease. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:9. [PMID: 35130955 PMCID: PMC8818500 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a cellular differentiation process in which endothelial cells (ECs) lose their properties and differentiate into mesenchymal cells, has been observed not only during development but also in various pathological states in adults, including cancer progression and organ/tissue fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), an inflammation-related cytokine, has been shown to play central roles in the induction of EndoMT. TGF-β induces EndoMT by regulating the expression of various transcription factors, signaling molecules, and cellular components that confer ECs with mesenchymal characteristics. However, TGF-β by itself is not necessarily sufficient to induce EndoMT to promote the progression of EndoMT-related diseases to a refractory extent. In addition to TGF-β, additional activation by other inflammatory factors is often required to stabilize the progression of EndoMT. Since recent lines of evidence indicate that inflammatory signaling molecules act as enhancers of EndoMT, we summarize the roles of inflammatory factors in the induction of EndoMT and related diseases. We hope that this review will help to develop therapeutic strategies for EndoMT-related diseases by targeting inflammation-mediated EndoMT.
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Yan X, Li M, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhou X, Chen Z. Morphology of the Trabecular Meshwork and Schlemm's Canal in Posner-Schlossman Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:1. [PMID: 34978560 PMCID: PMC8742513 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC) morphology in Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS). Methods Forty-five patients with PSS were recruited. TM thickness and length as well as SC area and diameter of both affected and fellow eyes were assessed using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Results TM thickness (108.24 ± 28.29 µm vs. 89.36 ± 25.82 µm, P = 0.014), SC area (6010.90 ± 1287.54 µm2 vs. 5445.69 ± 1368.89 µm2, P = 0.003), and SC diameter (239.38 ± 60.17 µm vs. 217.76 ± 60.79 µm, P = 0.010) were significantly greater in the affected eyes. Furthermore, TM thickness (113.32 ± 30.03 µm vs. 89.00 ± 26.99 µm, P = 0.046), SC area (6216.32 ± 1267.87 µm2 vs. 5476.40 ± 1390.15 µm2, P = 0.001), and SC diameter (246.82 ± 64.12 vs. 212.53 ± 64.29 µm, P = 0.001) were significantly greater in the affected eyes than in the fellow eyes in the ocular hypertension (OHT) subgroup (affected eye with intraocular pressure [IOP] > 21 mm Hg). However, those differences were not noted in the ocular normal tension (ONT) subgroup (affected eye with IOP ≤ 21 mm Hg, all P > 0.05). Conclusions TM edema might play a role in the IOP elevation in PSS. The edematous TM could make controlling IOP of the affected eyes difficult. When TM edema is relieved, IOP of the affected eyes can reduce to normal spontaneously or with IOP-lowing medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiongwu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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29
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Kim J, Mansouri K. Impaired/dysfunctional aqueous collector channels may primarily contribute to the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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The effects of exosomes derived from trabecular meshwork cells on Schlemm's canal endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21942. [PMID: 34754027 PMCID: PMC8578291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm’s canal (SC) are the main structures within the conventional outflow pathway, and TM cells and SC endothelial (SCE) cells are essential for controlling intraocular pressure. To examine the interaction between TM cells and SCE cells, we investigated whether exosomes contribute to intercellular communication. Additionally, TM cells in glaucoma acquire mesenchymal characteristics in response to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen type 1 (Col-1); these changes result in increased resistance of aqueous outflow. In this study, we stimulated TM cells with TGF-β2 and Col-1 and characterized the exosomal miRNAs (exomiRs) released in response to each stimulus. Isolated exosomes were rich in miRNAs, with downregulated miR-23a-5p and upregulated miR-3942-5p and miR-7515 levels following Col-1 or TGF-β2 stimulation. Next, a miRNA-mRNA network under TGF-β2 stimulation was constructed. There were no connections among the 3 miRNAs and predicted genes under Col-1 stimulation. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the identified miRNAs were associated with various signaling pathways, including the inflammatory response. Interestingly, SCE cells treated with miR-7515 mimic showed increased VEGFA, VEGFR2, PECAM, and Tie2 expression. Ultrastructures typical of exosomes and positive staining for exosomal markers were observed in human TM cells. Our data showed that TM cells may communicate with SCE cells via exomiRs and that miR-7515 may be important for SCE cell reprogramming.
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Thomson BR, Liu P, Onay T, Du J, Tompson SW, Misener S, Purohit RR, Young TL, Jin J, Quaggin SE. Cellular crosstalk regulates the aqueous humor outflow pathway and provides new targets for glaucoma therapies. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6072. [PMID: 34663817 PMCID: PMC8523664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a severe disease characterized by developmental defects in the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC), comprising the conventional aqueous humor outflow pathway of the eye. Recently, heterozygous loss of function variants in TEK and ANGPT1 or compound variants in TEK/SVEP1 were identified in children with PCG. Moreover, common variants in ANGPT1and SVEP1 have been identified as risk alleles for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in GWAS studies. Here, we show tissue-specific deletion of Angpt1 or Svep1 from the TM causes PCG in mice with severe defects in the adjacent SC. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of normal and glaucomatous Angpt1 deficient eyes allowed us to identify distinct TM and SC cell populations and discover additional TM-SC signaling pathways. Furthermore, confirming the importance of angiopoietin signaling in SC, delivery of a recombinant ANGPT1-mimetic promotes developmental SC expansion in healthy and Angpt1 deficient eyes, blunts intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and RGC loss in a mouse model of PCG and lowers IOP in healthy adult mice. Our data highlight the central role of ANGPT1-TEK signaling and TM-SC crosstalk in IOP homeostasis and provide new candidates for SC-targeted glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Thomson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pan Liu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jing Du
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stuart W Tompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sol Misener
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raj R Purohit
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Terri L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Aqueous outflow channels and its lymphatic association: A review. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:659-674. [PMID: 34656556 PMCID: PMC9008077 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human eye has a unique immune architecture and behavior. While the conjunctiva is known to have a well-defined lymphatic drainage system, the cornea, sclera, and uveal tissues were historically considered "alymphatic" and thought to be immune privileged. The very fact that the aqueous outflow channels carry a clear fluid (aqueous humor) along the outflow pathway makes it hard to ignore its lymphatic-like characteristics. The development of novel lymphatic lineage markers and expression of these markers in aqueous outflow channels and improved imaging capabilities has sparked a renewed interest in the study of ocular lymphatics. Ophthalmic lymphatic research has had a directional shift over the last decade, offering an exciting new physiological platform that needs further in-depth understanding. The evidence of a presence of distinct lymphatic channels in the human ciliary body is gaining significant traction. The uveolymphatic pathway is an alternative new route for aqueous outflow and adds a new dimension to pathophysiology and management of glaucoma. Developing novel animal models, markers, and non-invasive imaging tools to delineate the core anatomical structure and physiological functions may help pave some crucial pathways to understand disease pathophysiology and help develop novel targeted therapeutic approaches for glaucoma.
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Akwii RG, Mikelis CM. Targeting the Angiopoietin/Tie Pathway: Prospects for Treatment of Retinal and Respiratory Disorders. Drugs 2021; 81:1731-1749. [PMID: 34586603 PMCID: PMC8479497 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic approaches have significantly advanced the treatment of vascular-related pathologies. The ephemeral outcome and known side effects of the current vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-based anti-angiogenic treatments have intensified research on other growth factors. The angiopoietin/Tie (Ang/Tie) family has an established role in vascular physiology and regulates angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and inflammatory responses. The Ang/Tie family consists of angiopoietins 1-4, their receptors, tie1 and 2 and the vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP). Modulation of Tie2 activation has provided a promising outcome in preclinical models and has led to clinical trials of Ang/Tie-targeting drug candidates for retinal disorders. Although less is known about the role of Ang/Tie in pulmonary disorders, several studies have revealed great potential of the Ang/Tie family members as drug targets for pulmonary vascular disorders as well. In this review, we summarize the functions of the Ang/Tie pathway in retinal and pulmonary vascular physiology and relevant disorders and highlight promising drug candidates targeting this pathway currently being or expected to be under clinical evaluation for retinal and pulmonary vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Grace Akwii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1406 S. Coulter St., Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1406 S. Coulter St., Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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VIP Stabilizes the Cytoskeleton of Schlemm's Canal Endothelia via Reducing Caspase-3 Mediated ZO-1 Endolysosomal Degradation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9397960. [PMID: 34552687 PMCID: PMC8452417 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9397960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In glaucomatous eyes, the main aqueous humor (AH) outflow pathway is damaged by accumulated oxidative stress arising from the microenvironment, vascular dysregulation, and aging, which results in increased outflow resistance and ocular hypertension. Schlemm's canal (SC) serves as the final filtration barrier of the main AH outflow pathway. The present study is aimed at investigating the possible regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the cytoskeleton by stabilizing ZO-1 in SC. Methods Model of chronic ocular hypertension (COH) induced by episcleral venous cauterization was treated with topical VIP. The ultrastructure of junctions, ZO-1 levels, and permeability of the SC inner wall to FITC-dextran (70 kDa) were detected in the COH models. The F-actin distribution, F/G-actin ratio, and ZO-1 degradation pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HEK 293 cells were investigated. Results ZO-1 in the outer wall of the SC was less than that in the inner wall. COH elicited junction disruption, ZO-1 reduction, and increased permeability of the SC inner wall to FITC-dextran in rats. ZO-1 plays an essential role in maintaining the F/G-actin ratio and F-actin distribution. VIP treatment attenuated the downregulation of ZO-1 associated with COH or H2O2-induced oxidative damage. In H2O2-stimulated HUVECs, the caspase-3 inhibitor prevents ZO-1 disruption. Caspase-3 activation promoted endolysosomal degradation of ZO-1. Furthermore, a decrease in caspase-3 activation and cytoskeleton redistribution was demonstrated in VIP + H2O2-treated cells. The knockdown of ZO-1 or the overexpression of caspase-3 blocked the effect of VIP on the cytoskeleton. Conclusion This study provides insights into the role of VIP in stabilizing the interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and cell junctions and may provide a promising targeted strategy for glaucoma treatment.
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35
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Ducoli L, Detmar M. Beyond PROX1: transcriptional, epigenetic, and noncoding RNA regulation of lymphatic identity and function. Dev Cell 2021; 56:406-426. [PMID: 33621491 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system acts as the major transportation highway of tissue fluids, and its activation or impairment is associated with a wide range of diseases. There has been increasing interest in understanding the mechanisms that control lymphatic vessel formation (lymphangiogenesis) and function in development and disease. Here, we discuss recent insights into new players whose identification has contributed to deciphering the lymphatic regulatory code. We reveal how lymphatic endothelial cells, the building blocks of lymphatic vessels, utilize their transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic portfolio to commit to and maintain their vascular lineage identity and function, with a particular focus on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ducoli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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36
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Geng X, Ho YC, Srinivasan RS. Biochemical and mechanical signals in the lymphatic vasculature. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5903-5923. [PMID: 34240226 PMCID: PMC11072415 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vasculature is an integral part of the cardiovascular system where it maintains interstitial fluid balance. Additionally, lymphatic vasculature regulates lipid assimilation and inflammatory response. Lymphatic vasculature is composed of lymphatic capillaries, collecting lymphatic vessels and valves that function in synergy to absorb and transport fluid against gravitational and pressure gradients. Defects in lymphatic vessels or valves leads to fluid accumulation in tissues (lymphedema), chylous ascites, chylothorax, metabolic disorders and inflammation. The past three decades of research has identified numerous molecules that are necessary for the stepwise development of lymphatic vasculature. However, approaches to treat lymphatic disorders are still limited to massages and compression bandages. Hence, better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate lymphatic vascular development and function is urgently needed to develop efficient therapies. Recent research has linked mechanical signals such as shear stress and matrix stiffness with biochemical pathways that regulate lymphatic vessel growth, patterning and maturation and valve formation. The goal of this review article is to highlight these innovative developments and speculate on unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73013, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Ho
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73013, USA
| | - R Sathish Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73013, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
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37
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Wei X, Jessa S, Kleinman CL, Phoenix TN. Mapping Angiopoietin1 expression in the developing and adult brain. Dev Neurosci 2021; 43:321-334. [PMID: 34348288 DOI: 10.1159/000518351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,
| | - Selin Jessa
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Timothy N Phoenix
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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38
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Johnstone M, Xin C, Tan J, Martin E, Wen J, Wang RK. Aqueous outflow regulation - 21st century concepts. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 83:100917. [PMID: 33217556 PMCID: PMC8126645 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose an integrated model of aqueous outflow control that employs a pump-conduit system in this article. Our model exploits accepted physiologic regulatory mechanisms such as those of the arterial, venous, and lymphatic systems. Here, we also provide a framework for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve glaucoma patient care. In the model, the trabecular meshwork distends and recoils in response to continuous physiologic IOP transients like the ocular pulse, blinking, and eye movement. The elasticity of the trabecular meshwork determines cyclic volume changes in Schlemm's canal (SC). Tube-like SC inlet valves provide aqueous entry into the canal, and outlet valve leaflets at collector channels control aqueous exit from SC. Connections between the pressure-sensing trabecular meshwork and the outlet valve leaflets dynamically control flow from SC. Normal function requires regulation of the trabecular meshwork properties that determine distention and recoil. The aqueous pump-conduit provides short-term pressure control by varying stroke volume in response to pressure changes. Modulating TM constituents that regulate stroke volume provides long-term control. The aqueous outflow pump fails in glaucoma due to the loss of trabecular tissue elastance, as well as alterations in ciliary body tension. These processes lead to SC wall apposition and loss of motion. Visible evidence of pump failure includes a lack of pulsatile aqueous discharge into aqueous veins and reduced ability to reflux blood into SC. These alterations in the functional properties are challenging to monitor clinically. Phase-sensitive OCT now permits noninvasive, quantitative measurement of pulse-dependent TM motion in humans. This proposed conceptual model and related techniques offer a novel framework for understanding mechanisms, improving management, and development of therapeutic options for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
| | - James Tan
- Doheny Eye Institute and UCLA Department of Ophthalmology, USA.
| | | | | | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA.
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39
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Lymphatics in Eye Fluid Homeostasis: Minor Contributors or Significant Actors? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070582. [PMID: 34201989 PMCID: PMC8301034 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels exert major effects on the maintenance of interstitial fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking, lipid absorption, tumor progression and metastasis. Recently, novel functional roles for the lymphatic vasculature have emerged, which can be associated with pathological situations. Among them, lymphatics have been proposed to participate in eye aqueous humor drainage, with potential consequences on intraocular pressure, a main risk factor for progression of glaucoma disease. In this review, after the description of eye fluid dynamics, we provide an update on the data concerning the distribution of ocular lymphatics. Particular attention is given to the results of investigations allowing the three dimensional visualization of the ocular surface vasculature, and to the molecular mechanisms that have been characterized to regulate ocular lymphatic vessel development. The studies concerning the potential role of lymphatics in aqueous humor outflow are reported and discussed. We also considered the novel studies mentioning the existence of an ocular glymphatic system which may have, in connection with lymphatics, important repercussions in retinal clearance and in diseases affecting the eye posterior segment. Some remaining unsolved questions and new directions to explore are proposed to improve the knowledge about both lymphatic and glymphatic system interactions with eye fluid homeostasis.
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40
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Abstract
Lymphatic vessels maintain tissue fluid homeostasis by returning to blood circulation interstitial fluid that has extravasated from the blood capillaries. They provide a trafficking route for cells of the immune system, thus critically contributing to immune surveillance. Developmental or functional defects in the lymphatic vessels, their obstruction or damage, lead to accumulation of fluid in tissues, resulting in lymphedema. Here we discuss developmental lymphatic anomalies called lymphatic malformations and complex lymphatic anomalies that manifest as localized or multifocal lesions of the lymphatic vasculature, respectively. They are rare diseases that are caused mostly by somatic mutations and can present with variable symptoms based upon the size and location of the lesions composed of fluid-filled cisterns or channels. Substantial progress has been made recently in understanding the molecular basis of their pathogenesis through the identification of their genetic causes, combined with the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms in animal disease models and patient-derived lymphatic endothelial cells. Most of the solitary somatic mutations that cause lymphatic malformations and complex lymphatic anomalies occur in genes that encode components of oncogenic growth factor signal transduction pathways. This has led to successful repurposing of some targeted cancer therapeutics to the treatment of lymphatic malformations and complex lymphatic anomalies. Apart from the mutations that act as lymphatic endothelial cell-autonomous drivers of these anomalies, current evidence points to superimposed paracrine mechanisms that critically contribute to disease pathogenesis and thus provide additional targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review these advances and discuss new treatment strategies that are based on the recently identified molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (T.M.)
| | - Laurence M Boon
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Center for Vascular Anomalies, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium (L.M.B.).,Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (L.M.B., M.V.)
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (L.M.B., M.V.).,Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (M.V.)
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
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41
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Francois M, Oszmiana A, Harvey NL. When form meets function: the cells and signals that shape the lymphatic vasculature during development. Development 2021; 148:268989. [PMID: 34080610 DOI: 10.1242/dev.167098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is an integral component of the cardiovascular system. It is essential to maintain tissue fluid homeostasis, direct immune cell trafficking and absorb dietary lipids from the digestive tract. Major advances in our understanding of the genetic and cellular events important for constructing the lymphatic vasculature during development have recently been made. These include the identification of novel sources of lymphatic endothelial progenitor cells, the recognition of lymphatic endothelial cell specialisation and heterogeneity, and discovery of novel genes and signalling pathways underpinning developmental lymphangiogenesis. Here, we review these advances and discuss how they inform our understanding of lymphatic network formation, function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Francois
- The David Richmond Laboratory for Cardiovascular Development: Gene Regulation and Editing Program, The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, SOLES, 2006 Camperdown, Australia
| | - Anna Oszmiana
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide 5001, Australia
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42
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Young TL, Whisenhunt KN, Jin J, LaMartina SM, Martin SM, Souma T, Limviphuvadh V, Suri F, Souzeau E, Zhang X, Dan Y, Anagnos E, Carmona S, Jody NM, Stangel N, Higuchi EC, Huang SJ, Siggs OM, Simões MJ, Lawson BM, Martin JS, Elahi E, Narooie-Nejad M, Motlagh BF, Quaggin SE, Potter HD, Silva ED, Craig JE, Egas C, Maroofian R, Maurer-Stroh S, Bradfield YS, Tompson SW. SVEP1 as a Genetic Modifier of TEK-Related Primary Congenital Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:6. [PMID: 33027505 PMCID: PMC7545080 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.12.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Affecting children by age 3, primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) can cause debilitating vision loss by the developmental impairment of aqueous drainage resulting in high intraocular pressure (IOP), globe enlargement, and optic neuropathy. TEK haploinsufficiency accounts for 5% of PCG in diverse populations, with low penetrance explained by variable dysgenesis of Schlemm's canal (SC) in mice. We report eight families with TEK-related PCG, and provide evidence for SVEP1 as a disease modifier in family 8 with a higher penetrance and severity. Methods Exome sequencing identified coding/splice site variants with an allele frequency less than 0.0001 (gnomAD). TEK variant effects were assayed in construct-transfected HEK293 cells via detection of autophosphorylated (active) TEK protein. An enucleated eye from an affected member of family 8 was examined via histology. SVEP1 expression in developing outflow tissues was detected by immunofluorescent staining of 7-day mouse anterior segments. SVEP1 stimulation of TEK expression in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured by TaqMan quantitative PCR. Results Heterozygous TEK loss-of-function alleles were identified in eight PCG families, with parent–child disease transmission observed in two pedigrees. Family 8 exhibited greater disease penetrance and severity, histology revealed absence of SC in one eye, and SVEP1:p.R997C was identified in four of the five affected individuals. During SC development, SVEP1 is secreted by surrounding tissues. SVEP1:p.R997C abrogates stimulation of TEK expression by HUVECs. Conclusions We provide further evidence for PCG caused by TEK haploinsufficiency, affirm autosomal dominant inheritance in two pedigrees, and propose SVEP1 as a modifier of TEK expression during SC development, affecting disease penetrance and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kristina N Whisenhunt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jing Jin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Sarah M LaMartina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sean M Martin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Tomokazu Souma
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Vachiranee Limviphuvadh
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme (IFCS), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Fatemeh Suri
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xue Zhang
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Yongwook Dan
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Evie Anagnos
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Susana Carmona
- Biocant, Transfer Technology Association, Cantanhede, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nicole M Jody
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nickie Stangel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Emily C Higuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Samuel J Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Owen M Siggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Brendan M Lawson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jacob S Martin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Elahe Elahi
- School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Narooie-Nejad
- Genetics of Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Heather D Potter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Eduardo D Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Conceição Egas
- Biocant, Transfer Technology Association, Cantanhede, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Genetics Research Center, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme (IFCS), A*STAR, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Yasmin S Bradfield
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stuart W Tompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Wang Y, Wang W, Yang X, Chen W, Yang X, Pan X, Xu P, Zhu W, Han Y, Chen X. ITGA8 positive cells in the conventional outflow tissue exhibit Schlemm's canal endothelial cell properties. Life Sci 2021; 278:119564. [PMID: 33961857 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Elevated intraocular pressure is primarily induced by the increased resistance of conventional outflow of aqueous humor. Dysfunction of the juxtacanalicular region of trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC) endothelium, as the main conventional outflow tissue, have been implicated as the major reasons for the increased resistance. Integrins are widespread in these tissues, especially alpha8 integrin (ITGA8). We aim to investigate the properties of cells expressing ITGA8 in the conventional outflow tissue. MAIN METHODS Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence (IF) were performed to detect the mRNA and protein levels of ITGA8 in human conventional outflow tissue. ITGA8-positive cells were isolated from the cultured human TM cells through a magnetic bead-based approach. Flow Cytometry was used to determine the purification efficiency. The expressions of TM and SC biomarkers and dexamethasone-induced myocilin secretion capacity of ITGA8-positive cells was assessed by Real-time PCR, IF and Western blot. A gel contraction assay was performed to evaluate contractility of ITGA8-positive cells after endothelin 1 treatment. KEY FINDINGS ITGA8 was found with robust expression near the inner wall of SC endothelium. After purification, the proportion of ITGA8-positive cells were increased by about 10%. ITGA8-positive cells were identified with the properties as SC endothelial cells, such as more robust expressions of SC biomarkers, less dexamethasone-inducible myocilin expression, and stronger contractility. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated that cells expressing ITGA8 in SC region possess more properties as SC endothelial cells. Our data implicate a crucial role of ITGA8 in aqueous humor (AH) outflow resistance regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenshi Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xian Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peilong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang, University & Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yantao Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Xuehong Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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Li Q, Zhu Z, Wang L, Lin Y, Fang H, Lei J, Cao T, Wang G, Dang E. Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals vascular endothelial cell heterogeneity in human skin. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6461-6476. [PMID: 33995668 PMCID: PMC8120211 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are increasingly recognized as active players in intercellular crosstalk more than passive linings of a conduit for nutrition delivery. Yet, their functional roles and heterogeneity in skin remain uncharacterized. We have used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) as a profiling strategy to investigate the tissue-specific features and intra-tissue heterogeneity in dermal ECs at single-cell level. Methods: Skin tissues collected from 10 donors were subjected to scRNA-seq. Human dermal EC atlas of over 23,000 single-cell transcriptomes was obtained and further analyzed. Arteriovenous markers discovered in scRNA-seq were validated in human skin samples via immunofluorescence. To illustrate tissue-specific characteristics of dermal ECs, ECs from other human tissues were extracted from previously reported data and compared with our transcriptomic data. Results: In comparison with ECs from other human tissues, dermal ECs possess unique characteristics in metabolism, cytokine signaling, chemotaxis, and cell adhesions. Within dermal ECs, 5 major subtypes were identified, which varied in molecular signatures and biological activities. Metabolic transcriptome analysis revealed a preference for oxidative phosphorylation in arteriole ECs when compared to capillary and venule ECs. Capillary ECs abundantly expressed HLA-II molecules, suggesting its immune-surveillance role. Post-capillary venule ECs, with high levels of adhesion molecules, were equipped with the capacity in immune cell arrest, adhesion, and infiltration. Conclusion: Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of EC features and heterogeneity in human dermis and sets the stage for future research in identifying disease-specific alterations of dermal ECs in various dermatoses.
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Mechanosensation and Mechanotransduction by Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Act as Important Regulators of Lymphatic Development and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083955. [PMID: 33921229 PMCID: PMC8070425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the function and development of the lymphatic system is expanding rapidly due to the identification of specific molecular markers and the availability of novel genetic approaches. In connection, it has been demonstrated that mechanical forces contribute to the endothelial cell fate commitment and play a critical role in influencing lymphatic endothelial cell shape and alignment by promoting sprouting, development, maturation of the lymphatic network, and coordinating lymphatic valve morphogenesis and the stabilization of lymphatic valves. However, the mechanosignaling and mechanotransduction pathways involved in these processes are poorly understood. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of mechanical forces on lymphatics and summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the mechanosensation and mechanotransduction by lymphatic endothelial cells. We also discuss how these mechanosensitive pathways affect endothelial cell fate and regulate lymphatic development and function. A better understanding of these mechanisms may provide a deeper insight into the pathophysiology of various diseases associated with impaired lymphatic function, such as lymphedema and may eventually lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for these conditions.
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46
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Luo Z, Li M, Ye M, Ji P, Lou X, Huang J, Yao K, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Effect of Electrical Stimulation of Cervical Sympathetic Ganglia on Intraocular Pressure Regulation According to Different Circadian Rhythms in Rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:40. [PMID: 32976562 PMCID: PMC7521184 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between circadian rhythm and intraocular pressure (IOP), and to explore whether electrical stimulation of cervical sympathetic ganglia (SCG) can regulate IOP via neurotransmitter distribution around the Schlemm's canal (SC) in rats. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were housed under normal (N-normal), constant dark (N-dark), and constant light (N-light) rhythms (n = 6 per group). Electrical stimulation (intermittent wave [20 hertz {Hz}, 2 mA, 10 minutes]) was used to stimulate the SCG. Atropine sulfate eye gel was applied three times a day. DiI was injected into the SCG and anterior chamber. The cross-sectional area and circumference of SC were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) expression in SC endothelial (SCE) cells. Results N-Dark increased the IOP, decreased the cross-sectional area of SC, and increased DβH levels in SCE cells. Nerve projection between SC and SCG was detected, and electrical stimulation of SCG upregulated DβH expression in SCE cells. Under normal and constant light rhythms, electrical stimulation of SCG increased DβH and decreased the cross-sectional area and circumference of SC, while simultaneously increasing IOP and decreasing IOP fluctuations. After paralyzing the ciliary muscles, electrical stimulation of SCG decreased the cross-sectional area and circumference of SC under normal and constant light rhythms. Conclusions N-Dark increased DβH in SCE cells, reduced the cross-sectional area of SC, and increased IOP. Under the normal and light rhythms, electrical stimulation of SCG increased DβH in SCE cells, reduced the cross-sectional area and circumference of SC, and in turn elevated IOP and decreased IOP fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingting Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaotong Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingqiu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ava S, Demirtaş AA, Karahan M, Erdem S, Oral D, Keklikçi U. Genetic analysis of patients with primary congenital glaucoma. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:2565-2574. [PMID: 33745036 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the common gene mutation in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in the Southeast region of Turkey via genetic analysis and to evaluate whether there were other gene mutations in these patients. METHODS A total of 25 patients with PCG were included in this study. We performed sequence analysis including all exons of cytochrome p450 1B1 (CYP1B1), myocilin (MYOC), forkhead box C1 (FOXC1), and paired-like homeodomain 2 (PITX2) genes of the obtained samples. Further, we analyzed the results using the Nextgen analysis program. RESULTS The CYP1B1 gene mutation was detected in 20 (80%) of 25 patients, and FOXC1 gene mutation was detected in one (4%) patient. The mutation site of nine (45%) of the 20 CYP1B1 genes was found in the second exon. The pathogenic variant (p.Gly61Glu) was observed in 12 (60%) patients (in the first and second exons); the mutation type of six (50%) of these patients was homozygous. The mutation site of one patient with FOXC1 gene mutation was found to be in the first exon; its pathogenic variant was p.Met400lle. The mutation type in this gene was observed to be heterozygous. Lastly, there were no mutations in the MYOC, FOXC1, and PITX2 genes in combination with the CYP1B1 gene mutation. CONCLUSION The most common cause of PCG in our region is the CYP1B1 gene mutation, and the most frequent pathogenic variant is c.182G > A (p.Gly61Glu). We also determined that the CYP1B1 gene mutation was alone and did not occur with other gene mutations (MYOC, FOXC1, and PITX2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Ava
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Atılım Armağan Demirtaş
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Mine Karahan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Seyfettin Erdem
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Diclehan Oral
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Uğur Keklikçi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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48
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Vestweber D. Vascular Endothelial Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Regulates Endothelial Function. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:84-93. [PMID: 33595386 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) is a receptor-type PTP (RPTP), predominantly expressed in vascular endothelial cells. It regulates embryonic and tumor angiogenesis and controls vascular permeability and homeostasis in inflammation. Major substrates are the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-2 and the adhesion molecule VE-cadherin. This review describes how VE-PTP controls vascular functions by its various substrates and the therapeutic potential of VE-PTP in various pathophysiological settings.
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49
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Gharahkhani P, Jorgenson E, Hysi P, Khawaja AP, Pendergrass S, Han X, Ong JS, Hewitt AW, Segrè AV, Rouhana JM, Hamel AR, Igo RP, Choquet H, Qassim A, Josyula NS, Cooke Bailey JN, Bonnemaijer PWM, Iglesias A, Siggs OM, Young TL, Vitart V, Thiadens AAHJ, Karjalainen J, Uebe S, Melles RB, Nair KS, Luben R, Simcoe M, Amersinghe N, Cree AJ, Hohn R, Poplawski A, Chen LJ, Rong SS, Aung T, Vithana EN, Tamiya G, Shiga Y, Yamamoto M, Nakazawa T, Currant H, Birney E, Wang X, Auton A, Lupton MK, Martin NG, Ashaye A, Olawoye O, Williams SE, Akafo S, Ramsay M, Hashimoto K, Kamatani Y, Akiyama M, Momozawa Y, Foster PJ, Khaw PT, Morgan JE, Strouthidis NG, Kraft P, Kang JH, Pang CP, Pasutto F, Mitchell P, Lotery AJ, Palotie A, van Duijn C, Haines JL, Hammond C, Pasquale LR, Klaver CCW, Hauser M, Khor CC, Mackey DA, Kubo M, Cheng CY, Craig JE, MacGregor S, Wiggs JL. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 127 open-angle glaucoma loci with consistent effect across ancestries. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1258. [PMID: 33627673 PMCID: PMC7904932 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), is a heritable common cause of blindness world-wide. To identify risk loci, we conduct a large multi-ethnic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on a total of 34,179 cases and 349,321 controls, identifying 44 previously unreported risk loci and confirming 83 loci that were previously known. The majority of loci have broadly consistent effects across European, Asian and African ancestries. Cross-ancestry data improve fine-mapping of causal variants for several loci. Integration of multiple lines of genetic evidence support the functional relevance of the identified POAG risk loci and highlight potential contributions of several genes to POAG pathogenesis, including SVEP1, RERE, VCAM1, ZNF638, CLIC5, SLC2A12, YAP1, MXRA5, and SMAD6. Several drug compounds targeting POAG risk genes may be potential glaucoma therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puya Gharahkhani
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Pirro Hysi
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Pendergrass
- Geisinger Research, Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Xikun Han
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jue Sheng Ong
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ayellet V Segrè
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Rouhana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew R Hamel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert P Igo
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Helene Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Ayub Qassim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Navya S Josyula
- Geisinger Research, Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jessica N Cooke Bailey
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pieter W M Bonnemaijer
- Depatment of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Iglesias
- Depatment of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Owen M Siggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Terri L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alberta A H J Thiadens
- Depatment of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juha Karjalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - K Saidas Nair
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Simcoe
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Angela J Cree
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rene Hohn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alicia Poplawski
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi-Song Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Certre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eranga Nishanthie Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Certre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hannah Currant
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ewan Birney
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xin Wang
- 23 and Me Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Adeyinka Ashaye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olawoye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Susan E Williams
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephen Akafo
- Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michele Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Paul J Foster
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peng T Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James E Morgan
- Cardiff Centre for Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Maindy Road, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas G Strouthidis
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francesca Pasutto
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lotery
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chris Hammond
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Depatment of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hauser
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David A Mackey
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Certre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Reekie IR, Sharma S, Foers A, Sherlock J, Coles MC, Dick AD, Denniston AK, Buckley CD. The Cellular Composition of the Uveal Immune Environment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:721953. [PMID: 34778287 PMCID: PMC8586083 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.721953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The uveal tract consists of the iris, the ciliary body and the choroid; these three distinct tissues form a continuous layer within the eye. Uveitis refers to inflammation of any region of the uveal tract. Despite being grouped together anatomically, the iris, ciliary body and choroid are distinct functionally, and inflammatory diseases may affect only one part and not the others. Cellular structure of tissues direct their function, and understanding the cellular basis of the immune environment of a tissue in health, the "steady state" on which the perturbations of disease are superimposed, is vital to understanding the pathogenesis of those diseases. A contemporary understanding of the immune system accepts that haematopoietic and yolk sac derived leukocytes, though vital, are not the only players of importance. An array of stromal cells, connective tissue cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells, may also have a role in the inflammatory reaction seen in several immune-mediated diseases. In this review we summarise what is known about the cellular composition of the uveal tract and the roles these disparate cell types have to play in immune homeostasis. We also discuss some unanswered questions surrounding the constituents of the resident leukocyte population of the different uveal tissues, and we look ahead to the new understanding that modern investigative techniques such as single cell transcriptomics, multi-omic data integration and highly-multiplexed imaging techniques may bring to the study of the uvea and uveitis, as they already have to other immune mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Reekie
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Srilakshmi Sharma
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Foers
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Sherlock
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C. Coles
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Dick
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair K. Denniston
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D. Buckley
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Christopher D. Buckley
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