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Mazzarella L, Falvo P, Adinolfi M, Tini G, Gatti E, Piccioni R, Bonetti E, Gavilán E, Valli D, Gruszka A, Bodini M, Gallo B, Orecchioni S, de Michele G, Migliaccio E, Duso BA, Roerink S, Stratton M, Bertolini F, Alcalay M, Dellino GI, Pelicci PG. High-Fat Diet Promotes Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia through PPARδ-Enhanced Self-renewal of Preleukemic Progenitors. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2024; 17:59-75. [PMID: 37956420 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Risk and outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are particularly worsened in obese-overweight individuals, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. In established mouse APL models (Ctsg-PML::RARA), we confirmed that obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) enhances leukemogenesis by increasing penetrance and shortening latency, providing an ideal model to investigate obesity-induced molecular events in the preleukemic phase. Surprisingly, despite increasing DNA damage in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), HFD only minimally increased mutational load, with no relevant impact on known cancer-driving genes. HFD expanded and enhanced self-renewal of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), with concomitant reduction in long-term HSCs. Importantly, linoleic acid, abundant in HFD, fully recapitulates the effect of HFD on the self-renewal of PML::RARA HPCs through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, a central regulator of fatty acid metabolism. Our findings inform dietary/pharmacologic interventions to counteract obesity-associated cancers and suggest that nongenetic factors play a key role. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Our work informs interventions aimed at counteracting the cancer-promoting effect of obesity. On the basis of our study, individuals with a history of chronic obesity may still significantly reduce their risk by switching to a healthier lifestyle, a concept supported by evidence in solid tumors but not yet in hematologic malignancies. See related Spotlight, p. 47.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Falvo
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Tini
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gatti
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Debora Valli
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno A Duso
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sophie Roerink
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Stratton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Myriam Alcalay
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Gaetano Ivan Dellino
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
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2
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Rodrigues CR, Moga S, Singh B, Aulakh GK. CD34 Protein: Its expression and function in inflammation. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 393:443-454. [PMID: 37450038 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
CD34 has spear-headed the field of basic research and clinical transplantation since the first reports of its expression on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Expressed in mice, humans, rats and other species, CD34 has been used for more than 40 years as a hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell marker. It was later found that muscle satellite cells and epidermal precursors can also be identified with the aid of CD34. Despite the usefulness of CD34 as a marker of HSCs, its overall purpose in animal physiology has remained unclear. This review recaptures CD34 structure, evolutionary conservation, proposed functions, and role in lung inflammation, to describe current research findings and to provide guidance for future studies on CD34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rego Rodrigues
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5B4, Canada
| | - Sahib Moga
- Faculty of Science, The University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. E, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Baljit Singh
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5B4, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Aulakh
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5B4, Canada.
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3
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Rérolle D, de Thé H. The PML hub: An emerging actor of leukemia therapies. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221213. [PMID: 37382966 PMCID: PMC10309189 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PML assembles into nuclear domains that have attracted considerable attention from cell and cancer biologists. Upon stress, PML nuclear bodies modulate sumoylation and other post-translational modifications, providing an integrated molecular framework for the multiple roles of PML in apoptosis, senescence, or metabolism. PML is both a sensor and an effector of oxidative stress. Emerging data has demonstrated its key role in promoting therapy response in several hematological malignancies. While these membrane-less nuclear hubs can enforce efficient cancer cell clearance, their downstream pathways deserve better characterization. PML NBs are druggable and their known modulators may have broader clinical utilities than initially thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitille Rérolle
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U944, CNRS, GenCellDis, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U944, CNRS, GenCellDis, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Chaire d'Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Collège de France, Paris, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
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4
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Liu J, Liu Y, Zhang L, Fu S, Su X. Ultra-specific fluorescence detection of DNA modifying enzymes by dissipation system. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 215:114561. [PMID: 35841766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of DNA modifying enzymes (DMEs) is linked to a variety of diseases including cancers. It is desirable to develop accurate methods for DME detection. However, the substrate-based probe for target DMEs is disturbed by various non-target DMEs that have similar activity resulting in a loss of specificity. Here we utilized dissipative DNA networks to develop an ultra-specific fluorescence assay for DME, absolutely distinguishing between target and non-target enzymes. Unlike the conventional sensors in which the discrimination of target and non-target relies on signal intensity, in our system, target DMEs exhibit featured fluorescence oscillatory signals, while non-target DMEs show irreversible 'one-way' fluorescence increase. These dissipation-enabled probes (DEPs) exhibit excellent generality for various types of DMEs including DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), polynucleotide kinase (T4 PNK), and methyltransferase (Dam). DEPs provide a novel quantification mode based on area under curve which is more robust than those intensity-based quantifications. The detection limits of APE1, T4 PNK, and Dam reach 0.025 U/mL, 0.44 U/mL, and 0.113 U/mL, respectively. DEPs can accurately identify their corresponding DMEs with excellent specificity in cell extracts. Fluorescence sensors based on DEPs herein represent a conceptually new class of methods for enzyme detection, which can be easily adapted to other sensing platforms such as electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Linghao Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shengnan Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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5
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Mas G, Santoro F, Blanco E, Gamarra Figueroa GP, Le Dily F, Frigè G, Vidal E, Mugianesi F, Ballaré C, Gutierrez A, Sparavier A, Marti-Renom MA, Minucci S, Di Croce L. In vivo temporal resolution of acute promyelocytic leukemia progression reveals a role of Klf4 in suppressing early leukemic transformation. Genes Dev 2022; 36:451-467. [PMID: 35450883 PMCID: PMC9067408 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349115.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Mas et al. used primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and leukemic blasts that express the fusion protein PML-RARα as a paradigm to temporally dissect the dynamic changes in the epigenome, transcriptome, and genome architecture induced during oncogenic transformation. Their multiomics-integrated analysis identified Klf4 as an early down-regulated gene in PML-RARα-driven leukemogenesis, and they characterized the dynamic alterations in the Klf4 cis-regulatory network during APL progression and demonstrated that ectopic Klf4 overexpression can suppress self-renewal and reverse the differentiation block induced by PML-RARα. Genome organization plays a pivotal role in transcription, but how transcription factors (TFs) rewire the structure of the genome to initiate and maintain the programs that lead to oncogenic transformation remains poorly understood. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a fatal subtype of leukemia driven by a chromosomal translocation between the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) genes. We used primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and leukemic blasts that express the fusion protein PML-RARα as a paradigm to temporally dissect the dynamic changes in the epigenome, transcriptome, and genome architecture induced during oncogenic transformation. We found that PML-RARα initiates a continuum of topologic alterations, including switches from A to B compartments, transcriptional repression, loss of active histone marks, and gain of repressive histone marks. Our multiomics-integrated analysis identifies Klf4 as an early down-regulated gene in PML-RARα-driven leukemogenesis. Furthermore, we characterized the dynamic alterations in the Klf4 cis-regulatory network during APL progression and demonstrated that ectopic Klf4 overexpression can suppress self-renewal and reverse the differentiation block induced by PML-RARα. Our study provides a comprehensive in vivo temporal dissection of the epigenomic and topological reprogramming induced by an oncogenic TF and illustrates how topological architecture can be used to identify new drivers of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glòria Mas
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Fabio Santoro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan 20139, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Enrique Blanco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | | | - François Le Dily
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Gianmaria Frigè
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan 20139, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Enrique Vidal
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Francesca Mugianesi
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Cecilia Ballaré
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Arantxa Gutierrez
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Sparavier
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marc A Marti-Renom
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan 20139, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
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6
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Issah MA, Wu D, Zhang F, Zheng W, Liu Y, Fu H, Zhou H, Chen R, Shen J. Epigenetic modifications in acute myeloid leukemia: The emerging role of circular RNAs (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:107. [PMID: 34792180 PMCID: PMC8651224 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical epigenetic modifications, which include histone modification, chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation, play key roles in numerous cellular processes. Epigenetics underlies how cells that posses DNA with similar sequences develop into different cell types with different functions in an organism. Earlier epigenetic research has primarily been focused at the chromatin level. However, the number of studies on epigenetic modifications of RNA, such as N1‑methyladenosine, 2'‑O‑ribosemethylation, inosine, 5‑methylcytidine, N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) and pseudouridine, has seen an increase. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of RNA species that lacks a 5' cap or 3' poly(A) tail, are abundantly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and may regulate disease progression. circRNAs possess various functions, including microRNA sponging, gene transcription regulation and RNA‑binding protein interaction. Furthermore, circRNAs are m6A methylated in other types of cancer, such as colorectal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell cancers. Therefore, the critical roles of circRNA epigenetic modifications, particularly m6A, and their possible involvement in AML are discussed in the present review. Epigenetic modification of circRNAs may become a diagnostic and therapeutic target for AML in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Awal Issah
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Clinical Research Center for Hematological Malignancies of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Dansen Wu
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Clinical Research Center for Hematological Malignancies of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Weili Zheng
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Clinical Research Center for Hematological Malignancies of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yanquan Liu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Clinical Research Center for Hematological Malignancies of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Fu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Clinical Research Center for Hematological Malignancies of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Clinical Research Center for Hematological Malignancies of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Clinical Research Center for Hematological Malignancies of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhen Shen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Clinical Research Center for Hematological Malignancies of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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7
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Kdm6a deficiency restricted to mouse hematopoietic cells causes an age- and sex-dependent myelodysplastic syndrome-like phenotype. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255706. [PMID: 34780480 PMCID: PMC8592440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kdm6a/Utx, a gene on the X chromosome, encodes a histone H3K27me3 demethylase that has an orthologue on the Y chromosome (Uty) (Zheng et al. 2018). We previously identified inactivating mutations of Kdm6a in approximately 50% of mouse acute promyelocytic leukemia samples; however, somatic mutations of KDM6A are more rare in human AML samples, ranging in frequency from 2–15% in different series of patients, where their role in pathogenesis is not yet clear. In this study, we show that female Kdm6aflox/flox mice (with allele inactivation initiated by Vav1-Cre in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have a sex-specific phenotype that emerges with aging, with features resembling a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Female Kdm6a-knockout (KO) mice have an age-dependent expansion of their HSPCs with aberrant self-renewal, but they did not differentiate normally into downstream progeny. These mice became mildly anemic and thrombocytopenic, but did not develop overt leukemia, or die from these cytopenias. ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq studies showed only minor changes in H3K27me3, H3K27ac, H3K4me, H3K4me3 and chromatin accessibility between Kdm6a-WT and Kdm6a-KO mice. Utilizing scRNA-seq, Kdm6a loss was linked to the transcriptional repression of genes that mediate hematopoietic cell fate determination. These data demonstrate that Kdm6a plays an important role in normal hematopoiesis, and that its inactivation may contribute to AML pathogenesis.
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8
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Oncogenes, Proto-Oncogenes, and Lineage Restriction of Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189667. [PMID: 34575830 PMCID: PMC8470404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In principle, an oncogene is a cellular gene (proto-oncogene) that is dysfunctional, due to mutation and fusion with another gene or overexpression. Generally, oncogenes are viewed as deregulating cell proliferation or suppressing apoptosis in driving cancer. The cancer stem cell theory states that most, if not all, cancers are a hierarchy of cells that arises from a transformed tissue-specific stem cell. These normal counterparts generate various cell types of a tissue, which adds a new dimension to how oncogenes might lead to the anarchic behavior of cancer cells. It is that stem cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells, replenish mature cell types to meet the demands of an organism. Some oncogenes appear to deregulate this homeostatic process by restricting leukemia stem cells to a single cell lineage. This review examines whether cancer is a legacy of stem cells that lose their inherent versatility, the extent that proto-oncogenes play a role in cell lineage determination, and the role that epigenetic events play in regulating cell fate and tumorigenesis.
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9
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Tumor suppressor function of Gata2 in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Blood 2021; 138:1148-1161. [PMID: 34125173 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) can be cured with combined All Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) and Arsenic Trioxide therapy, which induce the destruction of PML-RARA, the initiating fusion protein for this disease1. However, the underlying mechanisms by which PML-RARA initiates and maintains APL cells are still not clear. We therefore identified genes that are dysregulated by PML-RARA in mouse and human APL cells, and prioritized GATA2 for functional studies because 1) it is highly expressed in pre-leukemic cells expressing PML-RARA, 2) its high expression persists in transformed APL cells, and 3) spontaneous somatic mutations of GATA2 occur during APL progression in both mice and humans. These and other findings suggested that GATA2 may be upregulated to thwart the proliferative signal generated by PML-RARA, and that its inactivation by mutation (and/or epigenetic silencing) may accelerate disease progression in APL and other forms of AML. Indeed, biallelic knockout of Gata2 with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing increased the serial replating efficiency of PML-RARA-expressing myeloid progenitors (and also progenitors expressing RUNX1-RUNX1T1, or deficient for Cebpa), increased mouse APL penetrance, and decreased latency. Restoration of Gata2 expression suppressed PML-RARA-driven aberrant self-renewal and leukemogenesis. Conversely, addback of a mutant GATA2R362G protein associated with APL and AML minimally suppressed PML-RARA-induced aberrant self-renewal, suggesting that it is a loss-of-function mutation. These studies reveal a potential role for Gata2 as a tumor suppressor in AML, and suggest that restoration of its function (when inactivated) may provide benefit for AML patients.
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10
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El Tekle G, Bernasocchi T, Unni AM, Bertoni F, Rossi D, Rubin MA, Theurillat JP. Co-occurrence and mutual exclusivity: what cross-cancer mutation patterns can tell us. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:823-836. [PMID: 34031014 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the dysregulated proliferation of cells caused by acquired mutations in key driver genes. The most frequently mutated driver genes promote tumorigenesis in various organisms, cell types, and genetic backgrounds. However, recent cancer genomics studies also point to the existence of context-dependent driver gene functions, where specific mutations occur predominately or even exclusively in certain tumor types or genetic backgrounds. Here, we review examples of co-occurring and mutually exclusive driver gene mutation patterns across cancer genomes and discuss their underlying biology. While co-occurring driver genes typically activate collaborating oncogenic pathways, we identify two distinct biological categories of incompatibilities among the mutually exclusive driver genes depending on whether the mutated drivers trigger the same or divergent tumorigenic pathways. Finally, we discuss possible therapeutic avenues emerging from the study of incompatible driver gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geniver El Tekle
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, TI 6500, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Bernasocchi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, TI 6500, Switzerland
| | - Arun M Unni
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, TI 6500, Switzerland
| | - Davide Rossi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, TI 6500, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, TI 6500, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, Precision Oncology Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Theurillat
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, TI 6500, Switzerland.
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11
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Khrabrova DA, Yakubovskaya MG, Gromova ES. AML-Associated Mutations in DNA Methyltransferase DNMT3A. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:307-318. [PMID: 33838631 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792103007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification necessary for the maintenance of genome stability, regulation of gene expression, and other processes. Carcinogenesis is accompanied by multiple changes in the DNA methylation pattern and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) genes; these changes are often associated with poor disease prognosis. Human DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A is responsible for de novo DNA methylation. Missense mutations in the DNMT3A gene occur frequently at the early stages of tumor development and are often observed in hematologic malignances, especially in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with a prevalence of the R882H mutation. This mutation is the only one that has been extensively studied using both model DNA substrates and cancer cell lines. Biochemical characterization of other DNMT3A mutants is necessary to assess their potential effects on the DNMT3A functioning. In this review, we describe DNMT3A mutations identified in AML with special emphasis on the missense mutations in the DNMT3A catalytic domain. The impact of R882H and less common missense mutations on the DNMT3A activity toward model DNA substrates and in cancer cell lines is discussed together with the underlying molecular mechanisms. Understanding general features of these mechanisms will be useful for further development of novel approaches for early diagnostics of hematologic diseases and personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariya A Khrabrova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Marianna G Yakubovskaya
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S Gromova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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12
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Dual functions of SPOP and ERG dictate androgen therapy responses in prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:734. [PMID: 33531470 PMCID: PMC7854732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Driver genes with a mutually exclusive mutation pattern across tumor genomes are thought to have overlapping roles in tumorigenesis. In contrast, we show here that mutually exclusive prostate cancer driver alterations involving the ERG transcription factor and the ubiquitin ligase adaptor SPOP are synthetic sick. At the molecular level, the incompatible cancer pathways are driven by opposing functions in SPOP. ERG upregulates wild type SPOP to dampen androgen receptor (AR) signaling and sustain ERG activity through degradation of the bromodomain histone reader ZMYND11. Conversely, SPOP-mutant tumors stabilize ZMYND11 to repress ERG-function and enable oncogenic androgen receptor signaling. This dichotomy regulates the response to therapeutic interventions in the AR pathway. While mutant SPOP renders tumor cells susceptible to androgen deprivation therapies, ERG promotes sensitivity to high-dose androgen therapy and pharmacological inhibition of wild type SPOP. More generally, these results define a distinct class of antagonistic cancer drivers and a blueprint toward their therapeutic exploitation. Gene fusions involving the ERG transcription factor and point mutations in the ubiquitin ligase adaptor SPOP are two truncal mutations that are mutually exclusively present in prostate cancer. Here, the authors show that mutations in SPOP render prostate tumor cells sensitive to antiandrogen therapy and that the presence of ERG promotes sensitivity to high dose of androgen and SPOP inhibition.
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13
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Maimaitiyiming Y, Wang QQ, Hsu CH, Naranmandura H. Arsenic induced epigenetic changes and relevance to treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and beyond. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 406:115212. [PMID: 32882258 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations regulate gene expression without changes in the DNA sequence. It is well-demonstrated that aberrant epigenetic changes contribute to the leukemogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is one of the most common drugs used in the frontline treatment of APL that act through targeting and destabilizing the PML/RARα oncofusion protein. ATO together with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) lead to durable remission of more than 90% non-high-risk APL patients, turning APL treatment into a paradigm of oncoprotein targeted cure. Although relapse and drug resistance in APL are yet to be resolved in the clinic, epigenetic machineries might hold the key to address this issue. Further, ATO also showed promising anticancer activities against a variety of malignancies, but its application is particularly restricted due to limited understanding of the mechanism. Thus, a thorough understanding of epigenetic mechanism behind anti-leukemic effects of ATO would benefit the development of ATO-based anticancer strategy. Role of ATRA on APL associated epigenetic alterations has been extensively studied and reviewed. Recently, accumulating evidence suggest that ATO also induces some epigenetic changes that might favor APL eradication. In this article, we comprehensively discuss arsenic induced epigenetic changes and its relevance in APL treatment and beyond, so as to provide novel insights into overcoming arsenic resistance in APL and promote application of this drug to other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasen Maimaitiyiming
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Department of Public Health, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Turcas C, Moisoiu V, Stefancu A, Jurj A, Iancu SD, Teodorescu P, Pasca S, Bojan A, Trifa A, Iluta S, Zimta AA, Petrushev B, Zdrenghea M, Bumbea H, Coriu D, Dima D, Leopold N, Tomuleasa C. SERS-Based Assessment of MRD in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia? Front Oncol 2020; 10:1024. [PMID: 32695677 PMCID: PMC7336895 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a unique chromosome translocation t(15;17)(q24;q21), which leads to the PML/RARA gene fusion formation. However, it is acknowledged that this rearrangement alone is not able to induce the whole leukemic phenotype. In addition, epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, may play a crucial role in leukemia pathogenesis. DNA methylation, catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), involves the covalent transfer of a methyl group (-CH3) to the fifth carbon of the cytosine ring in the CpG dinucleotide and results in the formation of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). The aberrant gene promoter methylation can be an alternative mechanism of tumor suppressor gene inactivation. Understanding cancer epigenetics and its pivotal role in oncogenesis, can offer us not only attractive targets for epigenetic treatment but can also provide powerful tools in monitoring the disease and estimating the prognosis. Several genes of interest, such as RARA, RARB, p15, p16, have been studied in APL and their methylation status was correlated with potential diagnostic and prognostic significance. In the present manuscript we comprehensively examine the current knowledge regarding DNA methylation in APL pathogenesis. We also discuss the perspectives of using the DNA methylation patterns as reliable biomarkers for measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring and as a predictor of relapse. This work also highlights the possibility of detecting aberrant methylation profiles of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) through liquid biopsies, using the conventional methods, such as methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR), sequencing methods, but also revolutionary methods, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Turcas
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, "Ion Chiricuta" Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Moisoiu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Faculty of Physics, Babeş Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Stefancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefania D Iancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Patric Teodorescu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, "Ion Chiricuta" Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Bojan
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, "Ion Chiricuta" Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Trifa
- Department of Hematology, "Ion Chiricuta" Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sabina Iluta
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, "Ion Chiricuta" Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimta
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bobe Petrushev
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, "Ion Chiricuta" Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horia Bumbea
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Coriu
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, "Ion Chiricuta" Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, "Ion Chiricuta" Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Butler C, Sprowls S, Szalai G, Arsiwala T, Saralkar P, Straight B, Hatcher S, Tyree E, Yost M, Kohler WJ, Wolff B, Putnam E, Lockman P, Liu T. Hypomethylating Agent Azacitidine Is Effective in Treating Brain Metastasis Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Through Regulation of DNA Methylation of Keratin 18 Gene. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100775. [PMID: 32408199 PMCID: PMC7225776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients presenting with symptomatic brain metastases have poor prognosis, and current chemotherapeutic agents are largely ineffective. In this study, we evaluated the hypomethylating agent azacitidine (AZA) for its potential as a novel therapeutic in preclinical models of brain metastasis of breast cancer. We used the parental triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 (231) cells and their brain colonizing counterpart (231Br) to ascertain phenotypic differences in response to AZA. We observed that 231Br cells have higher metastatic potential compared to 231 cells. With regard to therapeutic value, the AZA IC50 value in 231Br cells is significantly lower than that in parental cells (P < .01). AZA treatment increased apoptosis and inhibited the Wnt signaling transduction pathway, angiogenesis, and cell metastatic capacity to a significantly higher extent in the 231Br line. AZA treatment in mice with experimental brain metastases significantly reduced tumor burden (P = .0112) and increased survival (P = .0026) compared to vehicle. Lastly, we observed a decreased expression of keratin 18 (an epithelial maker) in 231Br cells due to hypermethylation, elucidating a potential mechanism of action of AZA in treating brain metastases from breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Butler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Samuel Sprowls
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Gabor Szalai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Tasneem Arsiwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Pushkar Saralkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Benjamin Straight
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Shea Hatcher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Evan Tyree
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Michael Yost
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | - William J Kohler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Benjamin Wolff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | | | - Paul Lockman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Tuoen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV.
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16
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Zhang H, Ying H, Wang X. Methyltransferase DNMT3B in leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:263-273. [PMID: 31547729 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1666377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are highly conserved DNA-modifying enzymes that play important roles in epigenetic regulation and they are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In mammalian cells, three active DNMTs have been identified: DNMT1 acts as a maintenance methyltransferase to replicate preexisting methylation patterns, whereas DNMT3A and DNMT3B primarily act as de novo methyltransferases that are responsible for establishing DNA methylation patterns by adding a methyl group to cytosine bases. The expression of DNMT3B is widespread in a variety of hematological cells and it is altered in each type of leukemia, which is associated with its pathogenesis, progression, treatment, and prognosis. Here, we review current information on DNMT3B in leukemia, including its expression, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, mutations, regulation, function, and clinical value for anti-leukemic therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Houqun Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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17
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Sano S, Wang Y, Evans MA, Yura Y, Sano M, Ogawa H, Horitani K, Doviak H, Walsh K. Lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing for the Study of Hematopoietic Cells in Disease Models. J Vis Exp 2019:10.3791/59977. [PMID: 31633690 PMCID: PMC7249700 DOI: 10.3791/59977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulating genes in hematopoietic stem cells using conventional transgenesis approaches can be time-consuming, expensive, and challenging. Benefiting from advances in genome editing technology and lentivirus-mediated transgene delivery systems, an efficient and economical method is described here that establishes mice in which genes are manipulated specifically in hematopoietic stem cells. Lentiviruses are used to transduce Cas9-expressing lineage-negative bone marrow cells with a guide RNA (gRNA) targeting specific genes and a red fluorescence reporter gene (RFP), then these cells are transplanted into lethally-irradiated C57BL/6 mice. Mice transplanted with lentivirus expressing non-targeting gRNA are used as controls. Engraftment of transduced hematopoietic stem cells are evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of RFP-positive leukocytes of peripheral blood. Using this method, ~90% transduction of myeloid cells and ~70% of lymphoid cells at 4 weeks after transplantation can be achieved. Genomic DNA is isolated from RFP-positive blood cells, and portions of the targeted site DNA are amplified by PCR to validate the genome editing. This protocol provides a high-throughput evaluation of hematopoiesis-regulatory genes and can be extended to a variety of mouse disease models with hematopoietic cell involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Sano
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Ying Wang
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Megan A Evans
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Yoshimitsu Yura
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Miho Sano
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Hayato Ogawa
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Keita Horitani
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Heather Doviak
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine;
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18
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Aberrant DNA Methylation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184576. [PMID: 31527484 PMCID: PMC6770227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease that is characterized by distinct cytogenetic or genetic abnormalities. Recent discoveries in cancer epigenetics demonstrated a critical role of epigenetic dysregulation in AML pathogenesis. Unlike genetic alterations, the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications is therapeutically attractive in cancer therapy. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression and plays a pivotal role in mammalian development including hematopoiesis. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and Ten-eleven-translocation (TET) dioxygenases are responsible for the dynamics of DNA methylation. Genetic alterations of DNMTs or TETs disrupt normal hematopoiesis and subsequently result in hematological malignancies. Emerging evidence reveals that the dysregulation of DNA methylation is a key event for AML initiation and progression. Importantly, aberrant DNA methylation is regarded as a hallmark of AML, which is heralded as a powerful epigenetic marker in early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and therapeutic decision-making. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of DNA methylation in normal hematopoiesis and AML pathogenesis. We also discuss the clinical implications of DNA methylation and the current therapeutic strategies of targeting DNA methylation in AML therapy.
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19
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Thomas X. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A History over 60 Years-From the Most Malignant to the most Curable Form of Acute Leukemia. Oncol Ther 2019; 7:33-65. [PMID: 32700196 PMCID: PMC7360001 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-018-0091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is cytogenetically characterized by a balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17, which results in the fusion of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) genes. Because patients with APL present a tendency for severe bleeding, often resulting in an early fatal course, APL was historically considered to be one of the most fatal forms of acute leukemia. However, therapeutic advances, including anthracycline- and cytarabine-based chemotherapy, have significantly improved the outcomes of APL patients. Due to the further introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and-more recently-the development of arsenic trioxide (ATO)-containing regimens, APL is currently the most curable form of AML in adults. Treatment with these new agents has introduced the concept of cure through targeted therapy. With the advent of revolutionary ATRA-ATO combination therapies, chemotherapy can now be safely omitted from the treatment of low-risk APL patients. In this article, we review the six-decade history of APL, from its initial characterization to the era of chemotherapy-free ATRA-ATO, a model of cancer-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Thomas
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hematology Department, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Pierre Bénite, France.
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20
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Jorge AF, Eritja R. Overview of DNA Self-Assembling: Progresses in Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E268. [PMID: 30544945 PMCID: PMC6320858 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular self-assembling is ubiquitous in nature providing structural and functional machinery for the cells. In recent decades, material science has been inspired by the nature's assembly principles to create artificially higher-order structures customized with therapeutic and targeting molecules, organic and inorganic fluorescent probes that have opened new perspectives for biomedical applications. Among these novel man-made materials, DNA nanostructures hold great promise for the modular assembly of biocompatible molecules at the nanoscale of multiple shapes and sizes, designed via molecular programming languages. Herein, we summarize the recent advances made in the designing of DNA nanostructures with special emphasis on their application in biomedical research as imaging and diagnostic platforms, drug, gene, and protein vehicles, as well as theranostic agents that are meant to operate in-cell and in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia F Jorge
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Song C, Wang L, Wu X, Wang K, Xie D, Xiao Q, Li S, Jiang K, Liao L, Yates JR, Lee JD, Yang Q. PML Recruits TET2 to Regulate DNA Modification and Cell Proliferation in Response to Chemotherapeutic Agent. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2475-2489. [PMID: 29735542 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancer. Failure to demethylate and to consequently reactivate methylation-silenced genes in cancer contributes to chemotherapeutic resistance, yet the regulatory mechanisms of DNA demethylation in response to chemotherapeutic agents remain unclear. Here, we show that promyelocytic leukemia (PML) recruits ten-eleven translocation dioxygenase 2 (TET2) to regulate DNA modification and cell proliferation in response to chemotherapeutic agents. TET2 was required by multiple chemotherapeutic agents (such as doxorubicin) to prmote 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) formation. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture, followed by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, identified potential binding partners of TET2, of which PML mostly enhanced 5hmC formation. PML physically bound to TET2 via the PML C-terminal domain and recruited TET2 to PML-positive nuclear bodies. This interaction was disrupted by the PML-RARA t(15;17) mutation, which stems from chromosomal translocation between DNA encoding the C-terminal domain of PML and the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene. In response to chemotherapeutic drugs, PML recruited TET2, regulated DNA modification, reactivated methylation-silenced genes, and impaired cell proliferation. Knockout of PML abolished doxorubicin-promoted DNA modification. In addition, PML and TET2 levels positively correlated with improved overall survival in patients with head and neck cancer. These findings shed insight into the regulatory mechanisms of DNA modification in response to chemotherapeutic agents.Significance: Promyeloctic leukemia protein recruits TET2, regulating DNA modification and cell proliferation in response to chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2475-89. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Song
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Songyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lujian Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Jiing-Dwan Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Qingkai Yang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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22
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Rejlova K, Musilova A, Kramarzova KS, Zaliova M, Fiser K, Alberich-Jorda M, Trka J, Starkova J. Low HOX gene expression in PML-RARα-positive leukemia results from suppressed histone demethylation. Epigenetics 2018; 13:73-84. [PMID: 29224413 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1413517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) genes are frequently dysregulated in leukemia. Previous studies have shown that aberrant HOX gene expression accompanies leukemogenesis and affects disease progression and leukemia patient survival. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) bearing PML-RARα fusion gene have distinct HOX gene signature in comparison to other subtypes of AML patients, although the mechanism of transcription regulation is not completely understood. We previously found an association between the mRNA levels of HOX genes and those of the histone demethylases JMJD3 and UTX in PML-RARα- positive leukemia patients. Here, we demonstrate that the release of the PML-RARα-mediated block in PML-RARα-positive myeloid leukemia cells increased both JMJD3 and HOX gene expression, while inhibition of JMJD3 using the specific inhibitor GSK-J4 reversed the effect. This effect was driven specifically through PML-RARα fusion protein since expression changes did not occur in cells with mutated RARα and was independent of differentiation. We confirmed that gene expression levels were inversely correlated with alterations in H3K27me3 histone marks localized at HOX gene promoters. Furthermore, data from chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing broaden a list of clustered HOX genes regulated by JMJD3 in PML-RARα-positive leukemic cells. Interestingly, the combination of GSK-J4 and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) significantly increased PML-RARα-positive cell apoptosis compared with ATRA treatment alone. This effect was also observed in ATRA-resistant NB4 clones, which may provide a new therapeutic opportunity for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) resistant to current treatment. The results of our study reveal the mechanism of HOX gene expression regulation and contribute to our understanding of APL pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Rejlova
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Alena Musilova
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Skvarova Kramarzova
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zaliova
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Karel Fiser
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Trka
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic.,c University Hospital Motol , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Julia Starkova
- a CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague.,b Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
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23
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Epigenetic heterogeneity affects the risk of relapse in children with t(8;21)RUNX1-RUNX1T1-rearranged AML. Leukemia 2018; 32:1124-1134. [PMID: 29472719 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-017-0003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The somatic translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 is one of the most frequent rearrangements found in children with standard-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite the favorable prognostic role of this aberration, we recently observed a higher than expected frequency of relapse. Here, we employed an integrated high-throughput approach aimed at identifying new biological features predicting relapse among 34 t(8;21)-rearranged patients. We found that the DNA methylation status of patients who suffered from relapse was peculiarly different from that of children maintaining complete remission. The epigenetic signature, made up of 337 differentially methylated regions, was then integrated with gene and protein expression profiles, leading to a network, where cell-to-cell adhesion and cell-motility pathways were found to be aberrantly activated in relapsed patients. We identified most of these factors as RUNX1-RUNX1T1 targets, with Ras Homolog Family Member (RHOB) overexpression being the core of this network. We documented how RHOB re-organized the actin cytoskeleton through its downstream ROCK-LIMK-COFILIN axis: this increases blast adhesion by stress fiber formation, and reduces mitochondrial apoptotic cell death after chemotherapy treatment. Altogether, our data show an epigenetic heterogeneity within t(8;21)-rearranged AML patients at diagnosis able to influence the program of the chimeric transcript, promoting blast re-emergence and progression to relapse.
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24
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Selected biological issues affecting relapse after stem cell transplantation: role of T-cell impairment, NK cells and intrinsic tumor resistance. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 53:949-959. [PMID: 29367714 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-017-0078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The graft vs. leukemia (GvL) effect as a method of preventing relapse is well described after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but the mechanisms to this effect and how tumor sometimes develops resistance to GvL are just beginning to be understood. This article reviews and expands upon data presented at the Third International Workshop on Biology, Prevention and Treatment of Relapse after Stem Cell Transplantation held in Hamburg, Germany, in November 2016. We first discuss in detail the role that T-cell impairment early after HCT plays in relapse by looking at data from T cell-depleted approaches as well as the clear role that early T-cell recovery has shown in improving outcomes. We then review key findings regarding the role of specific KIR donor/recipient pairings that contribute to relapse prevention after HCT for several tumor types. Finally, we discuss a unique mouse model following the development of tumor resistance to GvL. Detailed molecular characterization of events marking the development of tumor resistance to the immunotherapy of GvL may help in developing future strategies to overcome immune escape.
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25
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Zhou X, Zhao M, Duan X, Guo B, Cheng W, Ding S, Ju H. Collapse of DNA Tetrahedron Nanostructure for "Off-On" Fluorescence Detection of DNA Methyltransferase Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40087-40093. [PMID: 29111659 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a potential detection technique, highly rigid and versatile functionality of DNA tetrahedron nanostructures is often used in biosensing systems. In this work, a novel multifunctional nanostructure has been developed as an "off-on" fluorescent probe for detection of target methyltransferase by integrating the elements of DNA tetrahedron, target recognition, and dual-labeled reporter. This sensing system is initially in an "OFF" state owing to the close proximity of fluorophores and quenchers. After the substrate is recognized by target methyltransferase, the DNA tetrahedron can be methylated to produce methylated DNA sites. These sites can be recognized and cut by the restriction endonuclease DpnI to bring about the collapse of the DNA tetrahedron, which leads to the separation of the dual-labeled reporters from the quenchers, and thus the recovery of fluorescence signal to produce an "ON" state. The proposed DNA tetrahedron-based sensing method can detect Dam methyltransferase in the range of 0.1-90 U mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.045 U mL-1 and shows good specificity and reproducibility for detection of Dam methyltransferase in a real sample. It has been successfully applied for screening various methylation inhibitors. Thus, this work possesses a promising prospect for detection of DNA methyltransfrase in the field of clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaolei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
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26
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de Thé H, Pandolfi PP, Chen Z. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Paradigm for Oncoprotein-Targeted Cure. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:552-560. [PMID: 29136503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that the immense majority of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients can be definitively cured by the combination of two targeted therapies: retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic. Mouse models have provided unexpected insights into the mechanisms involved. Restoration of PML nuclear bodies upon RA- and/or arsenic-initiated PML/RARA degradation is essential, while RA-triggered transcriptional activation is dispensable for APL eradication. Mutations of the arsenic-binding site of PML/RARA, but also PML, have been detected in therapy-resistant patients, demonstrating the key role of PML in APL cure. PML nuclear bodies are druggable and could be harnessed in other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, Chaire d'Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France.
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
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27
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Cole CB, Russler-Germain DA, Ketkar S, Verdoni AM, Smith AM, Bangert CV, Helton NM, Guo M, Klco JM, O'Laughlin S, Fronick C, Fulton R, Chang GS, Petti AA, Miller CA, Ley TJ. Haploinsufficiency for DNA methyltransferase 3A predisposes hematopoietic cells to myeloid malignancies. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3657-3674. [PMID: 28872462 DOI: 10.1172/jci93041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene that encodes de novo DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) is frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia genomes. Point mutations at position R882 have been shown to cause a dominant negative loss of DNMT3A methylation activity, but 15% of DNMT3A mutations are predicted to produce truncated proteins that could either have dominant negative activities or cause loss of function and haploinsufficiency. Here, we demonstrate that 3 of these mutants produce truncated, inactive proteins that do not dimerize with WT DNMT3A, strongly supporting the haploinsufficiency hypothesis. We therefore evaluated hematopoiesis in mice heterozygous for a constitutive null Dnmt3a mutation. With no other manipulations, Dnmt3a+/- mice developed myeloid skewing over time, and their hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells exhibited a long-term competitive transplantation advantage. Dnmt3a+/- mice also spontaneously developed transplantable myeloid malignancies after a long latent period, and 3 of 12 tumors tested had cooperating mutations in the Ras/MAPK pathway. The residual Dnmt3a allele was neither mutated nor downregulated in these tumors. The bone marrow cells of Dnmt3a+/- mice had a subtle but statistically significant DNA hypomethylation phenotype that was not associated with gene dysregulation. These data demonstrate that haploinsufficiency for Dnmt3a alters hematopoiesis and predisposes mice (and probably humans) to myeloid malignancies by a mechanism that is not yet clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Cole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David A Russler-Germain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shamika Ketkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Angela M Verdoni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amanda M Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Celia V Bangert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nichole M Helton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mindy Guo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shelly O'Laughlin
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Catrina Fronick
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert Fulton
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gue Su Chang
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Allegra A Petti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher A Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Timothy J Ley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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28
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van Gils N, Verhagen HJMP, Smit L. Reprogramming acute myeloid leukemia into sensitivity for retinoic-acid-driven differentiation. Exp Hematol 2017; 52:12-23. [PMID: 28456748 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The success of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) provides a rationale for using retinoic acid (RA)-based therapy for other subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, several studies showed that ATRA may drive leukemic cells efficiently into differentiation and/or apoptosis in a subset of AML patients with an NPM1 mutation, a FLT3-ITD, an IDH1 mutation, and patients overexpressing EVI-1. Because not all patients within these molecular subgroups respond to ATRA and clinical trials that tested ATRA response in non-APL AML patients have had disappointing results, the identification of additional biomarkers may help to identify patients who strongly respond to ATRA-based therapy. Searching for response biomarkers might also reveal novel RA-based combination therapies with an efficient differentiation/apoptosis-inducing effect in non-APL AML patients. Preliminary studies suggest that the epigenetic or transcriptional state of leukemia cells determines their susceptibility to ATRA. We hypothesize that reprogramming by inhibitors of epigenetic-modifying enzymes or by modulation of microRNA expression might sensitize non-APL AML cells for RA-based therapy. AML relapse is caused by a subpopulation of leukemia cells, named leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which are in a different epigenetic state than the total bulk of the AML. The survival of LSCs after therapy is the main cause of the poor prognosis of AML patients, and novel differentiation therapies should drive these LSCs into maturity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the epigenetic aspects of susceptibility to RA-induced differentiation in APL and non-APL AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje van Gils
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Han J M P Verhagen
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Smit
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Spencer DH, Russler-Germain DA, Ketkar S, Helton NM, Lamprecht TL, Fulton RS, Fronick CC, O'Laughlin M, Heath SE, Shinawi M, Westervelt P, Payton JE, Wartman LD, Welch JS, Wilson RK, Walter MJ, Link DC, DiPersio JF, Ley TJ. CpG Island Hypermethylation Mediated by DNMT3A Is a Consequence of AML Progression. Cell 2017; 168:801-816.e13. [PMID: 28215704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNMT3A mutations occur in ∼25% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The most common mutation, DNMT3AR882H, has dominant negative activity that reduces DNA methylation activity by ∼80% in vitro. To understand the contribution of DNMT3A-dependent methylation to leukemogenesis, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of primary leukemic and non-leukemic cells in patients with or without DNMT3AR882 mutations. Non-leukemic hematopoietic cells with DNMT3AR882H displayed focal methylation loss, suggesting that hypomethylation antedates AML. Although virtually all AMLs with wild-type DNMT3A displayed CpG island hypermethylation, this change was not associated with gene silencing and was essentially absent in AMLs with DNMT3AR882 mutations. Primary hematopoietic stem cells expanded with cytokines were hypermethylated in a DNMT3A-dependent manner, suggesting that hypermethylation may be a response to, rather than a cause of, cellular proliferation. Our findings suggest that hypomethylation is an initiating phenotype in AMLs with DNMT3AR882, while DNMT3A-dependent CpG island hypermethylation is a consequence of AML progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Spencer
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David A Russler-Germain
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shamika Ketkar
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nichole M Helton
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tamara L Lamprecht
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Robert S Fulton
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Catrina C Fronick
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michelle O'Laughlin
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sharon E Heath
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter Westervelt
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Payton
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lukas D Wartman
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John S Welch
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew J Walter
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel C Link
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy J Ley
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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30
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Li Y, Xu Q, Lv N, Wang L, Zhao H, Wang X, Guo J, Chen C, Li Y, Yu L. Clinical implications of genome-wide DNA methylation studies in acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:41. [PMID: 28153026 PMCID: PMC5290606 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. AML is a heterogeneous malignancy characterized by distinct genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Recent genome-wide DNA methylation studies have highlighted an important role of dysregulated methylation signature in AML from biological and clinical standpoint. In this review, we will outline the recent advances in the methylome study of AML and overview the impacts of DNA methylation on AML diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Hematology and BMT center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Hematology, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qingyu Xu
- Department of Hematology and BMT center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Medical school of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Na Lv
- Department of Hematology and BMT center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Hematology and BMT center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Chongjian Chen
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Hematology and BMT center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and BMT center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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31
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Mamorska-Dyga A, Wu J, Khattar P, Ronny FMH, Islam H, Seiter K, Liu D. Acute promyelocytic leukemia co-existing with JAK2 V617F positive myeloproliferative neoplasm: a case report. Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:8. [PMID: 27358900 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The V617F mutation of Janus-associated kinase 2 (JAK2) is commonly seen in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Transformation of JAK2 positive MPNs to acute leukemia has been reported. We here report a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia which was later confirmed to have a co-existing JAK2 V617F positive MPN. In addition, the patient was found to have FLT3-TKD mutation, which, together with PML/RARa, could play a role in the MPN transformation to APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mamorska-Dyga
- 1 Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA ; 2 Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China ; 3 Department of Pathology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jingjing Wu
- 1 Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA ; 2 Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China ; 3 Department of Pathology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Pallavi Khattar
- 1 Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA ; 2 Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China ; 3 Department of Pathology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Faisal M H Ronny
- 1 Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA ; 2 Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China ; 3 Department of Pathology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Humayun Islam
- 1 Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA ; 2 Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China ; 3 Department of Pathology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Karen Seiter
- 1 Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA ; 2 Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China ; 3 Department of Pathology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Delong Liu
- 1 Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA ; 2 Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China ; 3 Department of Pathology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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