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Lian K, Zhang K, Kan C, Hou N, Han F, Sun X, Qiu H, Guo Z. Emerging therapeutic landscape: Incretin agonists in chronic kidney disease management. Life Sci 2024; 351:122801. [PMID: 38862060 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant public health concern, prompting heightened attention to its treatment. Incretins, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, are intestinal peptides released after nutrient intake, known for their hypoglycemic effects in diabetes management. Recent advancements highlight the promising outcomes of GLP-1 receptor agonists in reducing CKD risk factors and improving renal outcomes. The multifaceted functions of GLP-1, such as its anti-obesity, anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-lipid, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial function protective properties, contribute to its potential as a therapeutic agent for CKD. Although experiments suggest the potential benefits of incretin in CKD, a comprehensive understanding of its specific mechanisms is still lacking. This review aims to provide a detailed examination of current evidence and potential future directions, emphasizing the promising yet evolving landscape of incretin agonists in the context of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Lian
- Department of Nephropathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongyan Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Zhentao Guo
- Department of Nephropathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
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2
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Ben Nasr M, Usuelli V, Dellepiane S, Seelam AJ, Fiorentino TV, D'Addio F, Fiorina E, Xu C, Xie Y, Balasubramanian HB, Castillo-Leon E, Loreggian L, Maestroni A, Assi E, Loretelli C, Abdelsalam A, El Essawy B, Uccella S, Pastore I, Lunati ME, Sabiu G, Petrazzuolo A, Ducci G, Sacco E, Centofanti L, Venturini M, Mazzucchelli S, Mattinzoli D, Ikehata M, Castellano G, Visner G, Kaifeng L, Lee KM, Wang Z, Corradi D, La Rosa S, Danese S, Yang J, Markmann JF, Zuccotti GV, Abdi R, Folli F, Fiorina P. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor is a T cell-negative costimulatory molecule. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1302-1319.e12. [PMID: 38838642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a key regulator of glucose metabolism known to be expressed by pancreatic β cells. We herein investigated the role of GLP-1R on T lymphocytes during immune response. Our data showed that a subset of T lymphocytes expresses GLP-1R, which is upregulated during alloimmune response, similarly to PD-1. When mice received islet or cardiac allotransplantation, an expansion of GLP-1Rpos T cells occurred in the spleen and was found to infiltrate the graft. Additional single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis conducted on GLP-1Rpos and GLP-1Rneg CD3+ T cells unveiled the existence of molecular and functional dissimilarities between both subpopulations, as the GLP-1Rpos are mainly composed of exhausted CD8 T cells. GLP-1R acts as a T cell-negative costimulatory molecule, and GLP-1R signaling prolongs allograft survival, mitigates alloimmune response, and reduces T lymphocyte graft infiltration. Notably, GLP-1R antagonism triggered anti-tumor immunity when tested in a preclinical mouse model of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moufida Ben Nasr
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vera Usuelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Dellepiane
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andy Joe Seelam
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Fiorina
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cong Xu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Hari Baskar Balasubramanian
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Castillo-Leon
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lara Loreggian
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maestroni
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Assi
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Loretelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ahmed Abdelsalam
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Basset El Essawy
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Silvia Uccella
- Humanitas University and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Pastore
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianmarco Sabiu
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana Petrazzuolo
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ducci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, Universita'degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sacco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, Universita'degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Centofanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Universita'degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Deborah Mattinzoli
- Nephrology, dialysis and renal transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Masami Ikehata
- Nephrology, dialysis and renal transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, dialysis and renal transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gary Visner
- Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liu Kaifeng
- Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kang Mi Lee
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Domenico Corradi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, Unit of Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Technological innovation, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Unit of Pathology, Department of Oncology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan, China
| | - James F Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Buzzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franco Folli
- Department of Health Sciences, Universita'degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Walker JT, Saunders DC, Brissova M, Powers AC. The Human Islet: Mini-Organ With Mega-Impact. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:605-657. [PMID: 33844836 PMCID: PMC8476939 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet-including its structure, cell composition, development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key discoveries about human islets over the past century, we describe new research approaches and technologies that are being used to study human islets and how these are providing insight into human islet physiology and pathophysiology. We also describe changes or adaptations in human islets in response to physiologic challenges such as pregnancy, aging, and insulin resistance and discuss islet changes in human diabetes of many forms. We outline current and future interventions being developed to protect, restore, or replace human islets. The review also highlights unresolved questions about human islets and proposes areas where additional research on human islets is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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4
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Chen JH, Shen C, Oh H, Park JH. Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist, facilitates osteoblast differentiation via connexin43. Endocrine 2021; 72:672-680. [PMID: 33641073 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether exendin-4 (Ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, affects connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in osteoblasts, and determine the specific mechanism underlying Cx43 modulation by Ex-4. METHODS Osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with Ex-4 with or without GLP-1R antagonist. We assessed Cx43 expression using RT-PCR, western blotting, and confocal microscopy; visualized intercellular communication using Lucifer yellow dye transfer assay; evaluated osteoblast differentiation using alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin red S (ARS) staining. Cx43 silencing or overexpression was investigated via RNA-interference or adenovirus infection. The mechanism underlying Cx43 regulation by Ex-4 was determined via treatment with either Src kinase inhibitor, KX2-391, Akt activator, sc79, or inhibitor, LY294002. RESULTS Ex-4 treatment enhanced Cx43 expression and gap junctional intercellular communication in MC3T3-E1 cells. GLP-1R antagonist pretreatment abrogated the induction of Cx43 expression. Cx43 silencing significantly decreased ARS staining intensity in Ex-4-treated cells, whereas overexpression enhanced cell differentiation. Treatment with KX2-391 reduced both the Ex-4-induced increase of Cx43 expression and p-Akt protein levels. sc79 upregulated Cx43 expression, while LY294002 attenuated Cx43 upregulation by Ex-4. CONCLUSIONS Induced Cx43 expression in osteoblasts via the Src-Akt signaling pathway illustrates the underlying mechanism for promoting osteoblast differentiation by Ex-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chen Shen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Haram Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Xu W, Dahlke SP, Emery AC, Sung M, Chepurny OG, Holz GG, Eiden LE. Cyclic AMP-dependent activation of ERK via GLP-1 receptor signalling requires the neuroendocrine cell-specific guanine nucleotide exchanger NCS-RapGEF2. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12974. [PMID: 33960038 PMCID: PMC8571116 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP activation of the Rap-Braf-MEK-ERK pathway after signalling initiated by the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), via the Gs -protein coupled receptor (Gs PCR) PAC1, occurs uniquely through the neuritogenic cAMP sensor Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (NCS-RapGEF2) in Neuroscreen-1 (NS-1) neuroendocrine cells. We examined the expression of other Family B Gs PCRs in this cell line and assessed cAMP elevation and neuritogenesis after treatment with their cognate peptide ligands. Exposure of NS-1 cells to the VIPR1/2 agonist vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, or the GLP1R agonist exendin-4, did not induce neuritogenesis, or elevation of cAMP, presumably as a result of insufficient receptor protein expression. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and exendin-4 did induce neuritogenesis after transduction of human VIPR1, VIPR2 and GLP1R into NS-1 cells. Exendin-4/GLP1R-stimulated neuritogenesis was MEK-ERK-dependent (blocked by U0126), indicating its use of the cAMP→RapGEF2→ERK neuritogenic signalling pathway previously identified for PACAP/PAC1 signalling in NS-1 cells. NCS-RapGEF2 is expressed in the rodent insulinoma cell lines MIN6 and INS-1, as well as in human pancreatic islets. As in NS-1 cells, exendin-4 caused ERK phosphorylation in INS-1 cells. Reduction in RapGEF2 expression after RapGEF2-shRNA treatment reduced exendin-4-induced ERK phosphorylation. Transcriptome analysis of INS-1 cells after 1 hour of exposure to exendin-4 revealed an immediate early-gene response that was composed of both ERK-dependent and ERK-independent signalling targets. We propose that cAMP signalling initiated by glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in pancreatic beta cells causes parallel activation of multiple cAMP effectors, including NCS-RapGEF2, Epac and protein kinase A, to separately control various facets of GLP-1 action, including insulin secretion and transcriptional modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Xu
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health – Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sam P. Dahlke
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health – Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew C. Emery
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health – Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Sung
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health – Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oleg G. Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - George G. Holz
- Department of Medicine, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Lee E. Eiden
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health – Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Ferdaoussi M, Smith N, Lin H, Bautista A, Spigelman AF, Lyon J, Dai X, Manning Fox JE, MacDonald PE. Improved glucose tolerance with DPPIV inhibition requires β-cell SENP1 amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14420. [PMID: 32339440 PMCID: PMC7185381 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet insulin secretion is amplified by both metabolic and receptor-mediated signaling pathways. The incretin-mimetic and DPPIV inhibitor anti-diabetic drugs increase insulin secretion, but in humans this can be variable both in vitro and in vivo. We examined the correlation of GLP-1 induced insulin secretion from human islets with key donor characteristics, glucose-responsiveness, and the ability of glucose to augment exocytosis in β-cells. No clear correlation was observed between several donor or organ processing parameters and the ability of Exendin 4 to enhance insulin secretion. The ability of glucose to facilitate β-cell exocytosis was, however, significantly correlated with responses to Exendin 4. We therefore studied the effect of impaired glucose-dependent amplification of insulin exocytosis on responses to DPPIV inhibition (MK-0626) in vivo using pancreas and β-cell specific sentrin-specific protease-1 (SENP1) mice which exhibit impaired metabolic amplification of insulin exocytosis. Glucose tolerance was improved, and plasma insulin was increased, following either acute or 4 week treatment of wild-type (βSENP1+/+ ) mice with MK-0626. This DPPIV inhibitor was ineffective in βSENP1+/- or βSENP1- / - mice. Finally, we confirm impaired exocytotic responses of β-cells and reduced insulin secretion from islets of βSENP1- / - mice and show that the ability of Exendin 4 to enhance exocytosis is lost in these cells. Thus, an impaired ability of glucose to amplify insulin exocytosis results in a deficient effect of DPPIV inhibition to improve in vivo insulin responses and glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Ferdaoussi
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Nancy Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Haopeng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Austin Bautista
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Aliya F. Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - James Lyon
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - XiaoQing Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Jocelyn E. Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Patrick E. MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
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7
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Lorza-Gil E, Gerst F, Oquendo MB, Deschl U, Häring HU, Beilmann M, Ullrich S. Glucose, adrenaline and palmitate antagonistically regulate insulin and glucagon secretion in human pseudoislets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10261. [PMID: 31311971 PMCID: PMC6635387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated human islets do not always meet the quality standards required for transplant survival and reliable functional in vitro studies. The formation of pseudoislets, i.e. the reaggregation of a defined number of islet cells after dissociation, improves insulin secretion. We present a simple method of pseudoislet formation from human islet cells and assess the transcriptome and function of isolated human islets and pseudoislets from the same organ donors. Following pseudoislet formation, insulin content/DNA and mRNA/RPS13 resembled that of islets. In pseudoislets, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was significantly higher (8–13-fold) than in islets (2–4-fold). GSIS of pseudoislets was partly inhibited by the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonist exendin-9. The stimulatory effects of palmitate and forskolin at 12 mM glucose were also significantly higher in pseudoislets than in islets. Further analysis of pseudoislets revealed that regulation of secretion and insulin and glucagon content was maintained over a longer culture period (6–14 d). While adrenaline inhibited GSIS, adrenaline together with palmitate stimulated glucagon secretion 2-fold at low glucose, an effect suppressed by high glucose. Transcriptome analysis revealed that, unlike islets, pseudoislets were deprived of exocrine and endothelial cells. In conclusion, pseudoislet formation restores functional integrity of human islet cells and allows long-term in vitro testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Lorza-Gil
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany.,University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felicia Gerst
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany.,University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morgana Barroso Oquendo
- University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Deschl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Nonclinical Drug Safety, Biberach, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany.,University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mario Beilmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Nonclinical Drug Safety, Biberach, Germany
| | - Susanne Ullrich
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany. .,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany. .,University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany.
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8
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Tokarz VL, MacDonald PE, Klip A. The cell biology of systemic insulin function. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2273-2289. [PMID: 29622564 PMCID: PMC6028526 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is the paramount anabolic hormone, promoting carbon energy deposition in the body. Its synthesis, quality control, delivery, and action are exquisitely regulated by highly orchestrated intracellular mechanisms in different organs or "stations" of its bodily journey. In this Beyond the Cell review, we focus on these five stages of the journey of insulin through the body and the captivating cell biology that underlies the interaction of insulin with each organ. We first analyze insulin's biosynthesis in and export from the β-cells of the pancreas. Next, we focus on its first pass and partial clearance in the liver with its temporality and periodicity linked to secretion. Continuing the journey, we briefly describe insulin's action on the blood vasculature and its still-debated mechanisms of exit from the capillary beds. Once in the parenchymal interstitium of muscle and adipose tissue, insulin promotes glucose uptake into myofibers and adipocytes, and we elaborate on the intricate signaling and vesicle traffic mechanisms that underlie this fundamental function. Finally, we touch upon the renal degradation of insulin to end its action. Cellular discernment of insulin's availability and action should prove critical to understanding its pivotal physiological functions and how their failure leads to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Tokarz
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Shao W, Szeto V, Song Z, Tian L, Feng ZP, Nostro MC, Jin T. The LIM homeodomain protein ISL1 mediates the function of TCF7L2 in pancreatic beta cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:1-12. [PMID: 29678908 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell Tcf7l2 deletion or its functional knockdown suggested the essential role of this Wnt pathway effector in controlling insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis and β-cell gene expression. As the LIM homeodomain protein ISL1 is a suggested Wnt pathway downstream target, we hypothesize that it mediates metabolic functions of TCF7L2. We aimed to determine the role of ISL1 in mediating the function of TCF7L2 and the incretin hormone GLP-1 in pancreatic β-cells. The effect of dominant negative TCF7L2 (TCF7L2DN) mediated Wnt pathway functional knockdown on Isl1 expression was determined in βTCFDN mouse islets and in the rat insulinoma cell line INS-1 832/13. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were utilized to determine whether Isl1 is a direct downstream target of Tcf7l2 TCF7L2DN adenovirus infection and siRNA-mediated Isl1 knockdown on β-cell gene expression were compared. Furthermore, Isl1 knockdown on GLP-1 stimulated β-catenin S675 phosphorylation and insulin secretion was determined. We found that TCF7L2DN repressed ISL1 levels in βTCFDN islets and the INS-1 832/13 cell line. Wnt stimulators enhanced Isl1 promoter activity and binding of TCF7L2 on Isl1 promoter. TCF7L2DN adenovirus infection and Isl1 knockdown generated similar repression on expression of β-cell genes, including the ones that encode GLUT2 and GLP-1 receptor. Either TCF7L2DN adenovirus infection or Isl1 knockdown attenuated GLP-1-stimulated β-catenin S675 phosphorylation in INS-1 832/13 cells or mouse islets and GLP-1 stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 or MIN6 cells. Our observations support the existence of TCF7L2-ISL1 transcriptional network, and we suggest that this network also mediates β-cell function of GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Shao
- Division of Advanced DiagnosticsToronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian Szeto
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lili Tian
- Division of Advanced DiagnosticsToronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Cristina Nostro
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Experimental TherapeuticsToronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced DiagnosticsToronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes CenterUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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McBrayer DN, Tal-Gan Y. Recent Advances in GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Use in Diabetes Mellitus. Drug Dev Res 2017; 78:292-299. [PMID: 28786125 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Mimetics of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) represent a useful alternative or complementary treatment choice to insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The lack of hypoglycemia as a side effect when GLP-1 receptor agonists are used along with the tendency of these therapeutic agents to prevent or even reduce weight gain makes them valuable targets in therapy development. However, native GLP-1 and many of its early analogues have very short half-lives, requiring repeated treatment to maintain therapeutic levels. As all current treatments are injected subcutaneously, a large focus has been made on trying to extend the half-lives of GLP-1 analogues while retaining bioactivity. Most success in this regard has been achieved with the use of peptide-protein fusions, which are not as well suited for oral administration. However, recent work focused on the development of non-fusion peptides with increased half-lives that may be more appropriate for oral administration. This minireview discusses the structural characteristics of past and present analogues as well as the recent work conducted toward developing novel GLP-1 receptor agonists. Drug Dev Res 78 : 292-299, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, 89557
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Ferdaoussi M, MacDonald PE. Toward Connecting Metabolism to the Exocytotic Site. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:163-171. [PMID: 27932063 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Within cells the regulated exocytosis of secretory granules controls multiple physiological functions, including endocrine hormone secretion. Release of the glucose-regulating hormone insulin from pancreatic islet β cells is critical for whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Impaired insulin secretion appears early in the progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Key mechanisms that control the β-cell exocytotic response, mediating the long-known but little understood metabolic amplification of insulin secretion, are becoming clearer. Recent insights indicate a convergence of metabolism-driven signals, such as lipid-derived messengers and redox-dependent deSUMOylation, at the plasma membrane to augment Ca2+-dependent insulin exocytosis. These pathways have important implications for the metabolic control of hormone secretion, for the functional compensation that occurs in obesity, and for impaired insulin secretion in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Ferdaoussi
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1.
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Kolic J, Manning Fox JE, Chepurny OG, Spigelman AF, Ferdaoussi M, Schwede F, Holz GG, MacDonald PE. PI3 kinases p110α and PI3K-C2β negatively regulate cAMP via PDE3/8 to control insulin secretion in mouse and human islets. Mol Metab 2016; 5:459-471. [PMID: 27408772 PMCID: PMC4921792 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K) signalling in the endocrine pancreas contributes to glycaemic control. However, the mechanism by which PI3K modulates insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cell is poorly understood. Thus, our objective was two-fold; to determine the signalling pathway by which acute PI3K inhibition enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and to examine the role of this pathway in islets from type-2 diabetic (T2D) donors. METHODS Isolated islets from mice and non-diabetic or T2D human donors, or INS 832/13 cells, were treated with inhibitors of PI3K and/or phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The expression of PI3K-C2β was knocked down using siRNA. We measured insulin release, single-cell exocytosis, intracellular Ca(2+) responses ([Ca(2+)]i) and Ca(2+) channel currents, intracellular cAMP concentrations ([cAMP]i), and activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT). RESULTS The non-specific PI3K inhibitor wortmannin amplifies GSIS, raises [cAMP]i and activates PKA, but is without effect in T2D islets. Direct inhibition of specific PDE isoforms demonstrates a role for PDE3 (in humans and mice) and PDE8 (in mice) downstream of PI3K, and restores glucose-responsiveness of T2D islets. We implicate a role for the Class II PI3K catalytic isoform PI3K-C2β in this effect by limiting beta cell exocytosis. CONCLUSIONS PI3K limits GSIS via PDE3 in human islets. While inhibition of p110α or PIK-C2β signalling per se, may promote nutrient-stimulated insulin release, we now suggest that this signalling pathway is perturbed in islets from T2D donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kolic
- Department of Pharmacology, and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Jocelyn E Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Oleg G Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology, and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mourad Ferdaoussi
- Department of Pharmacology, and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Frank Schwede
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
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