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Winter SF, Vaios EJ, Shih HA, Grassberger C, Parsons MW, Gardner MM, Ehret F, Kaul D, Boehmerle W, Endres M, Dietrich J. Mitigating Radiotoxicity in the Central Nervous System: Role of Proton Therapy. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1524-1549. [PMID: 37728819 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Central nervous system (CNS) radiotoxicity remains a challenge in neuro-oncology. Dose distribution advantages of protons over photons have prompted increased use of brain-directed proton therapy. While well-recognized among pediatric populations, the benefit of proton therapy among adults with CNS malignancies remains controversial. We herein discuss the role of protons in mitigating late CNS radiotoxicities in adult patients. Despite limited clinical trials, evidence suggests toxicity profile advantages of protons over conventional radiotherapy, including retention of neurocognitive function and brain volume. Modelling studies predict superior dose conformality of protons versus state-of-the-art photon techniques reduces late radiogenic vasculopathies, endocrinopathies, and malignancies. Conversely, potentially higher brain tissue necrosis rates following proton therapy highlight a need to resolve uncertainties surrounding the impact of variable biological effectiveness of protons on dose distribution. Clinical trials comparing best photon and particle-based therapy are underway to establish whether protons substantially improve long-term treatment-related outcomes in adults with CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Winter
- Department of Neurology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eugene J Vaios
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Helen A Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Grassberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael W Parsons
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology Assessment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa M Gardner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology Assessment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felix Ehret
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Kaul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Boehmerle
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- ExcellenceCluster NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Department of Neurology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Cao W, Fan D. Neutrophils: a subgroup of neglected immune cells in ALS. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1246768. [PMID: 37662922 PMCID: PMC10468589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1246768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons. Dysregulated peripheral immunity has been identified as a hallmark of ALS. Neutrophils, as the front-line responders of innate immunity, contribute to host defense through pathogen clearance. However, they can concurrently play a detrimental role in chronic inflammation. With the unveiling of novel functions of neutrophils in neurodegenerative diseases, it becomes essential to review our current understanding of neutrophils and to recognize the gap in our knowledge about their role in ALS. Thus, a detailed comprehension of the biological processes underlying neutrophil-induced pathogenesis in ALS may assist in identifying potential cell-based therapeutic strategies to delay disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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3
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Gan C, Li W, Xu J, Pang L, Tang L, Yu S, Li A, Ge H, Huang R, Cheng H. Advances in the study of the molecular biological mechanisms of radiation-induced brain injury. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3275-3299. [PMID: 37693137 PMCID: PMC10492106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the most commonly used treatments for head and neck cancers, but it often leads to radiation-induced brain injury. Patients with radiation-induced brain injury have a poorer quality of life, and no effective treatments are available. The pathogenesis of this condition is unknown. This review summarizes the molecular biological mechanism of radiation-induced brain injury and provides research directions for future studies. The molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced brain injury are diverse and complex. Radiation-induced chronic neuroinflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, neuronal damage, and physiopathological responses caused by specific exosome secretion lead to radiation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lulian Pang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lingxue Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Anlong Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Han Ge
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Runze Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaidong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen, Guangdong, China
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4
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Kozole J, Heydn R, Wirkert E, Küspert S, Aigner L, Bruun TH, Bogdahn U, Peters S, Johannesen S. Direct Potential Modulation of Neurogenic Differentiation Markers by Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in the Rodent Brain. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091858. [PMID: 36145606 PMCID: PMC9504319 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic granulocyte-colony stimulating growth factor (G-CSF, filgrastim) is an approved drug in hematology and oncology. Filgrastim's potential in neurodegenerative disorders is gaining increasingly more attention, as preclinical and early clinical studies suggest it could be a promising treatment option. G-CSF has had a tremendous record as a safe drug for more than three decades; however, its effects upon the central nervous system (CNS) are still not fully understood. In contrast to conceptual long-term clinical application with lower dosing, our present pilot study intends to give a first insight into the molecular effects of a single subcutaneous (s.c.) high-dose G-CSF application upon different regions of the rodent brain. We analyzed mRNA-and in some instances-protein data of neurogenic and non-neurogenic differentiation markers in different regions of rat brains five days after G-CSF (1.3 mg/kg) or physiological saline. We found a continuous downregulation of several markers in most brain regions. Remarkably, cerebellum and hypothalamus showed an upregulation of different markers. In conclusion, our study reveals minor suppressive or stimulatory effects of a single exceptional high G-CSF dose upon neurogenic and non-neurogenic differentiation markers in relevant brain regions, excluding unregulated responses or unexpected patterns of marker expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Kozole
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rosmarie Heydn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Wirkert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Küspert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tim-Henrik Bruun
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Velvio GmbH, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Velvio GmbH, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sebastian Peters
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Siw Johannesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, BG Trauma Center, 82418 Murnau (Staffelsee), Germany
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5
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Liu Q, Huang Y, Duan M, Yang Q, Ren B, Tang F. Microglia as Therapeutic Target for Radiation-Induced Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158286. [PMID: 35955439 PMCID: PMC9368164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) after radiotherapy has become an increasingly important factor affecting the prognosis of patients with head and neck tumor. With the delivery of high doses of radiation to brain tissue, microglia rapidly transit to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, upregulate phagocytic machinery, and reduce the release of neurotrophic factors. Persistently activated microglia mediate the progression of chronic neuroinflammation, which may inhibit brain neurogenesis leading to the occurrence of neurocognitive disorders at the advanced stage of RIBI. Fully understanding the microglial pathophysiology and cellular and molecular mechanisms after irradiation may facilitate the development of novel therapy by targeting microglia to prevent RIBI and subsequent neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yan Huang
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Mengyun Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.D.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.D.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Boxu Ren
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Fengru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (F.T.)
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6
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Alshoubaki YK, Nayer B, Das S, Martino MM. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:248-258. [PMID: 35303109 PMCID: PMC8968657 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous components of the immune system, including inflammatory mediators, immune cells and cytokines, have a profound modulatory effect on the homeostatic regulation and regenerative activity of endogenous stem cells and progenitor cells. Thus, understanding how the immune system interacts with stem/progenitor cells could build the foundation to design novel and more effective regenerative therapies. Indeed, utilizing and controlling immune system components may be one of the most effective approaches to promote tissue regeneration. In this review, we first summarize the effects of various immune cell types on endogenous stem/progenitor cells, focusing on the tissue healing context. Then, we present interesting regenerative strategies that control or mimic the effect of immune components on stem/progenitor cells, in order to enhance the regenerative capacity of endogenous and transplanted stem cells. We highlight the potential clinical translation of such approaches for multiple tissues and organ systems, as these novel regenerative strategies could considerably improve or eventually substitute stem cell-based therapies. Overall, harnessing the power of the cross-talk between the immune system and stem/progenitor cells holds great potential for the development of novel and effective regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin K Alshoubaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bhavana Nayer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Surojeet Das
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mikaël M Martino
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Corresponding author: Mikaël M. Martino, Martino Lab, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Level 1, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia;
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7
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Parsons MW, Peters KB, Floyd SR, Brown P, Wefel JS. Preservation of neurocognitive function in the treatment of brain metastases. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:v96-v107. [PMID: 34859237 PMCID: PMC8633744 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive function (NCF) deficits are common in patients with brain metastases, occurring in up to 90% of cases. NCF deficits may be caused by tumor-related factors and/or treatment for the metastasis, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. In recent years, strategies to prevent negative impact of treatments and ameliorate cognitive deficits for patients with brain tumors have gained momentum. In this review, we report on research that has established the efficacy of preventative and rehabilitative therapies for NCF deficits in patients with brain metastases. Surgical strategies include the use of laser interstitial thermal therapy and intraoperative mapping. Radiotherapy approaches include focal treatments such as stereotactic radiosurgery and tailored approaches such as hippocampal avoidant whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Pharmacologic options include use of the neuroprotectant memantine to reduce cognitive decline induced by WBRT and incorporation of medications traditionally used for attention and memory problems. Integration of neuropsychology into the care of patients with brain metastases helps characterize cognitive patterns, educate patients and families regarding their management, and guide rehabilitative therapies. These and other strategies will become even more important for long-term survivors of brain metastases as treatment options improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Parsons
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine B Peters
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Wefel
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Karschnia P, Weller J, Blobner J, Stoecklein VM, Dorostkar MM, Rejeski K, Forbrig R, Niyazi M, von Baumgarten L, Dietrich J, Tonn JC, Thon N. Subventricular zone involvement is associated with worse outcome in glioma WHO grade 2 depending on molecular markers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20045. [PMID: 34625590 PMCID: PMC8501091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells within the subventricular zone were identified as cells of origin driving growth of high-grade gliomas, and anatomical involvement of the subventricular zone has been associated with an inferior clinical outcome. Whether the association between poor outcome and subventricular zone involvement also applies to glioma of lower grades is unclear. We therefore analysed a retrospective cohort of 182 patients with glioma grade 2 (according to the WHO 2016 classification) including 78 individuals (43%) with subventricular zone involvement. Patients with and without subventricular zone involvement did not differ in regard to demographics, histopathology, and molecular markers. Notably, subventricular zone involvement was a negative prognostic marker for malignant progression and overall survival on uni- and multivariate analysis. When patients were stratified according to the cIMPACT-NOW update 6, subventricular zone involvement was negatively associated with outcome in IDH-wildtype astrocytomas and 1p19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas but not in IDH-mutant astrocytomas. Collectively, subventricular zone involvement may represent a risk factor for worse outcome in glioma WHO grade 2 depending on the molecular tumor signature. The present data confirm the relevance of molecular glioma classifications as proposed by the cIMPACT-NOW update 6. These findings warrant evaluation in prospective cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Karschnia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Weller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Blobner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit M Stoecklein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mario M Dorostkar
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Rejeski
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Forbrig
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Louisa von Baumgarten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joerg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Niklas Thon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
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9
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Under-recognized toxicities of cranial irradiation. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:713-722. [PMID: 34274224 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cranial irradiation of primary or metastatic lesions is frequent, historically with 3D-conformal radiation therapy and now with stereotactic radiosurgery and intensity modulation. Evolution of radiotherapy technique is concomitant to systemic treatment evolution permitting long time survival. Thus, physicians have to face underestimated toxicities on long-survivor patients and unknown toxicities from combination of cranial radiotherapy to new therapeutics as targeted therapies and immunotherapies. This article proposes to develop these toxicities, without being exhaustive, to allow a better apprehension of cranial irradiation in current context.
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10
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Parsons MW, Dietrich J. Assessment and Management of Cognitive Symptoms in Patients With Brain Tumors. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 41:e90-e99. [PMID: 34061562 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_320813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive symptoms occur in almost all patients with brain tumors at varying points in the disease course. Deficits in neurocognitive function may be caused by the tumor itself, treatment (surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy), or other complicating factors (e.g., seizures, fatigue, mood disturbance) and can have a profound effect on functional independence and quality of life. Assessment of neurocognitive function is an important part of comprehensive care of patients with brain tumors. In the neuro-oncology clinic, assessment may include cognitive screening tools and inquiry into subjective cognitive function. Neuropsychological assessment is an important adjunct to identify cognitive symptoms and can be used as an opportunity to intervene through transformative feedback and treatment planning. Preventative measures can be taken to reduce cognitive side effects of treatment, such as awake craniotomies with intraoperative mapping during neurosurgery or prophylactic measures during radiation therapy (e.g., hippocampal avoidance, neuroprotectant treatment with memantine). Rehabilitative therapies, including cognitive rehabilitation and computerized cognitive exercise, are options for managing cognitive problems in an individualized manner. Pharmacotherapy, including use of stimulant medications and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, has shown benefits for patients with brain tumors when tailored to an individual's cognitive profile. Identification and management of co-occurring issues, such as sleep disturbance, fatigue, and depression, can also improve neurocognitive function. There are promising therapies under development that may provide new options for treatment in the future. Integrating careful assessment and treatment of cognition throughout the disease course for patients with brain tumors can improve functional outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Parsons
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jörg Dietrich
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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11
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Gibson EM, Monje M. Microglia in Cancer Therapy-Related Cognitive Impairment. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:441-451. [PMID: 33674135 PMCID: PMC8593823 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Millions of cancer survivors experience a persistent neurological syndrome that includes deficits in memory, attention, information processing, and mental health. Cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment can cause mild to severe disruptions to quality of life for these cancer survivors. Understanding the cellular and molecular underpinnings of this disorder will facilitate new therapeutic strategies aimed at ameliorating these long-lasting impairments. Accumulating evidence suggests that a range of cancer therapies induce persistent activation of the brain's resident immune cells, microglia. Cancer therapy-induced microglial activation disrupts numerous mechanisms of neuroplasticity, and emerging findings suggest that this impairment in plasticity is central to cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment. This review explores reactive microglial dysregulation of neural circuit structure and function following cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stanford California Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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12
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Karschnia P, Teske N, Thon N, Subklewe M, Tonn JC, Dietrich J, von Baumgarten L. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Glioblastoma: Current Concepts, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Neurology 2021; 97:218-230. [PMID: 33986138 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis even after multimodal therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue in glioblastoma. CARs incorporate antigen-recognition moieties that endow autologous T cells with specificity against antigens expressed on glioblastoma (e.g., interleukin [IL]-13Rα2, epidermal growth factor receptor variant III [EGFRvIII], and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]). Compelling antitumor effects of such therapy have been shown in murine glioblastoma models. In humans, 5 phase I/II studies on IL-13Rα2-, EGFRvIII-, and HER2-directed CAR T cells for the treatment of glioblastoma have been published suggesting an acceptable safety profile. However, antitumor effects fell short of expectations in these initial clinical studies. Tumor heterogeneity, antigen loss, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment are among the most important factors to limit the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy in glioblastoma. Novel target antigens, modification of CAR T-cell design, the combination of CAR T-cell therapy with other therapeutic approaches, but also the use of CAR natural killer cells or CAR macrophages may optimize antitumor effects. Numerous clinical trials studying such approaches are ongoing, as well as several preclinical studies. With an increasing understanding of immune-escape mechanisms of glioblastoma and novel manufacturing techniques for CARs, CAR T cells may provide clinically relevant activity in glioblastoma. This review focuses on the use of CAR T cells in glioblastoma, but also introduces the basic structure, mechanisms of action, and relevant side effects of CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Karschnia
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division (M.S.), Cellular Immunotherapy Program (M.S.), and Department of Neurology (L.v.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.K., J.D.), Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Partner Site Munich, Germany.
| | - Nico Teske
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division (M.S.), Cellular Immunotherapy Program (M.S.), and Department of Neurology (L.v.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.K., J.D.), Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Niklas Thon
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division (M.S.), Cellular Immunotherapy Program (M.S.), and Department of Neurology (L.v.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.K., J.D.), Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division (M.S.), Cellular Immunotherapy Program (M.S.), and Department of Neurology (L.v.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.K., J.D.), Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Joerg-Christian Tonn
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division (M.S.), Cellular Immunotherapy Program (M.S.), and Department of Neurology (L.v.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.K., J.D.), Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division (M.S.), Cellular Immunotherapy Program (M.S.), and Department of Neurology (L.v.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.K., J.D.), Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Louisa von Baumgarten
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division (M.S.), Cellular Immunotherapy Program (M.S.), and Department of Neurology (L.v.B.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.K., J.D.), Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K., N. Teske, N. Thon, J.C.T., L.v.B.), Partner Site Munich, Germany.
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13
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Aschauer-Wallner S, Leis S, Bogdahn U, Johannesen S, Couillard-Despres S, Aigner L. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in traumatic spinal cord injury. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1642-1655. [PMID: 33781952 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine used in pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Evidence from experimental studies indicates that G-CSF exerts relevant activities in the central nervous system (CNS) in particular after lesions. In acute, subacute, and chronic CNS lesions, G-CSF appears to have strong anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antioxidative, myelin-protective, and axon-regenerative activities. Additional effects result in the stimulation of angiogenesis and neurogenesis as well as in bone marrow stem cell mobilization to the CNS. There are emerging preclinical and clinical data indicating that G-CSF is a safe and effective drug for the treatment of acute and chronic traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI), which we summarize in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Aschauer-Wallner
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Stefan Leis
- Department of Neurology, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Velvio GmbH, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Siw Johannesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, BG Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Johannesen S, Huie JR, Budeus B, Peters S, Wirth AM, Iberl S, Kammermaier T, Kobor I, Wirkert E, Küspert S, Tahedl M, Grassinger J, Pukrop T, Schneider A, Aigner L, Schulte-Mattler W, Schuierer G, Koch W, Bruun TH, Ferguson AR, Bogdahn U. Modeling and Bioinformatics Identify Responders to G-CSF in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:616289. [PMID: 33815246 PMCID: PMC8012841 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.616289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Developing an integrative approach to early treatment response classification using survival modeling and bioinformatics with various biomarkers for early assessment of filgrastim (granulocyte colony stimulating factor) treatment effects in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Filgrastim, a hematopoietic growth factor with excellent safety, routinely applied in oncology and stem cell mobilization, had shown preliminary efficacy in ALS. Methods: We conducted individualized long-term filgrastim treatment in 36 ALS patients. The PRO-ACT database, with outcome data from 23 international clinical ALS trials, served as historical control and mathematical reference for survival modeling. Imaging data as well as cytokine and cellular data from stem cell analysis were processed as biomarkers in a non-linear principal component analysis (NLPCA) to identify individual response. Results: Cox proportional hazard and matched-pair analyses revealed a significant survival benefit for filgrastim-treated patients over PRO-ACT comparators. We generated a model for survival estimation based on patients in the PRO-ACT database and then applied the model to filgrastim-treated patients. Model-identified filgrastim responders displayed less functional decline and impressively longer survival than non-responders. Multimodal biomarkers were then analyzed by PCA in the context of model-defined treatment response, allowing identification of subsequent treatment response as early as within 3 months of therapy. Strong treatment response with a median survival of 3.8 years after start of therapy was associated with younger age, increased hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, less aggressive inflammatory cytokine plasma profiles, and preserved pattern of fractional anisotropy as determined by magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI-MRI). Conclusion: Long-term filgrastim is safe, is well-tolerated, and has significant positive effects on disease progression and survival in a small cohort of ALS patients. Developing and applying a model-based biomarker response classification allows use of multimodal biomarker patterns in full potential. This can identify strong individual treatment responders (here: filgrastim) at a very early stage of therapy and may pave the way to an effective individualized treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siw Johannesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J. Russell Huie
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Sebastian Peters
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna M. Wirth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Iberl
- Department of Hematology - Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tina Kammermaier
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ines Kobor
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Wirkert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Küspert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Tahedl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Grassinger
- Department of Hematology - Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Hematology - Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Velvio GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Schuierer
- Center of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Regensburg & District Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Tim-Henrik Bruun
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Velvio GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam R. Ferguson
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Velvio GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
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15
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Shahsavani N, Kataria H, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Mechanisms and repair strategies for white matter degeneration in CNS injury and diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166117. [PMID: 33667627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
White matter degeneration is an important pathophysiological event of the central nervous system that is collectively characterized by demyelination, oligodendrocyte loss, axonal degeneration and parenchymal changes that can result in sensory, motor, autonomic and cognitive impairments. White matter degeneration can occur due to a variety of causes including trauma, neurotoxic exposure, insufficient blood flow, neuroinflammation, and developmental and inherited neuropathies. Regardless of the etiology, the degeneration processes share similar pathologic features. In recent years, a plethora of cellular and molecular mechanisms have been identified for axon and oligodendrocyte degeneration including oxidative damage, calcium overload, neuroinflammatory events, activation of proteases, depletion of adenosine triphosphate and energy supply. Extensive efforts have been also made to develop neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches for white matter repair. However, less progress has been achieved in this area mainly due to the complexity and multifactorial nature of the degeneration processes. Here, we will provide a timely review on the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of white matter degeneration and will also discuss recent pharmacological and cellular therapeutic approaches for white matter protection as well as axonal regeneration, oligodendrogenesis and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Shahsavani
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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16
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Han J, Sarlus H, Wszolek ZK, Karrenbauer VD, Harris RA. Microglial replacement therapy: a potential therapeutic strategy for incurable CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:217. [PMID: 33287883 PMCID: PMC7720517 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is an adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia caused by colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) gene mutations. The disease has a global distribution and currently has no cure. Individuals with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy variably present clinical symptoms including cognitive impairment, progressive neuropsychiatric and motor symptoms. CSF1R is predominantly expressed on microglia within the central nervous system (CNS), and thus CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is now classified as a CNS primary microgliopathy. This urgent unmet medical need could potentially be addressed by using microglia-based immunotherapies. With the rapid recent progress in the experimental microglial research field, the replacement of an empty microglial niche following microglial depletion through either conditional genetic approaches or pharmacological therapies (CSF1R inhibitors) is being studied. Furthermore, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers an emerging means of exchanging dysfunctional microglia with the aim of reducing brain lesions, relieving clinical symptoms and prolonging the life of patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. This review article introduces recent advances in microglial biology and CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. Potential therapeutic strategies by replacing microglia in order to improve the quality of life of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy patients will be presented.
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17
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Tseng HW, Kulina I, Salga M, Fleming W, Vaquette C, Genêt F, Levesque JP, Alexander KA. Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossifications Develop Independently of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Neutrophils. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2242-2251. [PMID: 32568412 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs) are incapacitating heterotopic bones in periarticular muscles that frequently develop following traumatic brain or spinal cord injuries (SCI). Using our unique model of SCI-induced NHO, we have previously established that mononucleated phagocytes infiltrating injured muscles are required to trigger NHO via the persistent release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine oncostatin M (OSM). Because neutrophils are also a major source of OSM, we investigated whether neutrophils also play a role in NHO development after SCI. We now show that surgery transiently increased granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels in blood of operated mice, and that G-CSF receptor mRNA is expressed in the hamstrings of mice developing NHO. However, mice defective for the G-CSF receptor gene Csf3r, which are neutropenic, have unaltered NHO development after SCI compared to C57BL/6 control mice. Because the administration of recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) has been trialed after SCI to increase neuroprotection and neuronal regeneration and has been shown to suppress osteoblast function at the endosteum of skeletal bones in human and mice, we investigated the impact of a 7-day rhG-CSF treatment on NHO development. rhG-CSF treatment significantly increased neutrophils in the blood, bone marrow, and injured muscles. However, there was no change in NHO development compared to saline-treated controls. Overall, our results establish that unlike monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils are dispensable for NHO development following SCI, and rhG-CSF treatment post-SCI does not impact NHO development. Therefore, G-CSF treatment to promote neuroregeneration is unlikely to adversely promote or affect NHO development in SCI patients. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Wen Tseng
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Irina Kulina
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Marjorie Salga
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Garches, France
| | - Whitney Fleming
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - François Genêt
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Garches, France.,Evolution of Neuromuscular Diseases: Innovative Concepts and Practice (END:ICAP) U1179 Institut Natational de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Simone Veil-Santé, University of Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kylie A Alexander
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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18
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Hohsfield LA, Najafi AR, Ghorbanian Y, Soni N, Hingco EE, Kim SJ, Jue AD, Swarup V, Inlay MA, Green KN. Effects of long-term and brain-wide colonization of peripheral bone marrow-derived myeloid cells in the CNS. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:279. [PMID: 32951604 PMCID: PMC7504855 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia, the primary resident myeloid cells of the brain, play critical roles in immune defense by maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury or disease. However, microglial activation and dysfunction has been implicated in a number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, thus developing tools to manipulate and replace these myeloid cells in the CNS is of therapeutic interest. METHODS Using whole body irradiation, bone marrow transplant, and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibition, we achieve long-term and brain-wide (~ 80%) engraftment and colonization of peripheral bone marrow-derived myeloid cells (i.e., monocytes) in the brain parenchyma and evaluated the long-term effects of their colonization in the CNS. RESULTS Here, we identify a monocyte signature that includes an upregulation in Ccr1, Ms4a6b, Ms4a6c, Ms4a7, Apobec1, Lyz2, Mrc1, Tmem221, Tlr8, Lilrb4a, Msr1, Nnt, and Wdfy1 and a downregulation of Siglech, Slc2a5, and Ccl21a/b. We demonstrate that irradiation and long-term (~ 6 months) engraftment of the CNS by monocytes induces brain region-dependent alterations in transcription profiles, astrocytes, neuronal structures, including synaptic components, and cognition. Although our results show that microglial replacement with peripherally derived myeloid cells is feasible and that irradiation-induced changes can be reversed by the replacement of microglia with monocytes in the hippocampus, we also observe that brain-wide engraftment of peripheral myeloid cells (relying on irradiation) can result in cognitive and synaptic deficits. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide insight into better understanding the role and complexity of myeloid cells in the brain, including their regulation of other CNS cells and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Hohsfield
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Allison R Najafi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Yasamine Ghorbanian
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Neelakshi Soni
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Edna E Hingco
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Ayer Darling Jue
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Mathew A Inlay
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA.
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19
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Yu C, Fu J, Guo L, Lian L, Yu D. UPLC-MS-based serum metabolomics reveals protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on ionizing radiation injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112814. [PMID: 32251760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide (GLP),traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) active ingredient, has a long history and has good curative effects on radiation injury. However, the mechanism of GLP treating radiation injury has not been clearly elucidated. THE AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to investigate the preventive effects of GLP on mice with radiation injury and to explore its mechanisms by serum metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups,and namely 10 per group. The normal control group and the radiation model with normal saline and GLP group with GLP treatment (96 mg·kg-1) for 14 days. 2 h after 7th day after the intragastric administration, the model group and GLP group were subjected to whole body irradiation by X-rays except the normal control group. The peripheral blood WBC, RBC, HGB, PLT indicators.UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique was used to analyze the serum of normal group, model group and GLP group, and to explore its potential key biomarkers and corresponding related metabolic pathways. RESULTS The number of peripheral blood leukocytes (WBC) in the radiation model group was lower than that in the GLP group and the number of platelets (PLT) in the GLP group was significantly higher than that in the model group.Combined with the methods of principal component analysis (PCA), projection to latent structure-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), three group were clearly distinguished from each other and 18 metabolites were identified as the potential biomarkers in the GLP treated mice. The identified biomarkers indicated that there were perturbations of the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. CONCLUSION GLP can play a role in radiation protection by improving the expression of related potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways in serum of radiation-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Yu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lidong Guo
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lian Lian
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Donghua Yu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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20
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Seyfried AN, Maloney JM, MacNamara KC. Macrophages Orchestrate Hematopoietic Programs and Regulate HSC Function During Inflammatory Stress. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1499. [PMID: 32849512 PMCID: PMC7396643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow contains distinct cell types that work in coordination to generate blood and immune cells, and it is the primary residence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and more committed multipotent progenitors (MPPs). Even at homeostasis the bone marrow is a dynamic environment where billions of cells are generated daily to replenish short-lived immune cells and produce the blood factors and cells essential for hemostasis and oxygenation. In response to injury or infection, the marrow rapidly adapts to produce specific cell types that are in high demand revealing key insight to the inflammatory nature of "demand-adapted" hematopoiesis. Here we focus on the role that resident and monocyte-derived macrophages play in driving these hematopoietic programs and how macrophages impact HSCs and downstream MPPs. Macrophages are exquisite sensors of inflammation and possess the capacity to adapt to the environment, both promoting and restraining inflammation. Thus, macrophages hold great potential for manipulating hematopoietic output and as potential therapeutic targets in a variety of disease states where macrophage dysfunction contributes to or is necessary for disease. We highlight essential features of bone marrow macrophages and discuss open questions regarding macrophage function, their role in orchestrating demand-adapted hematopoiesis, and mechanisms whereby they regulate HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Seyfried
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jackson M Maloney
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Katherine C MacNamara
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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21
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Liu F, Dai S, Feng D, Qin Z, Peng X, Sakamuri SSVP, Ren M, Huang L, Cheng M, Mohammad KE, Qu P, Chen Y, Zhao C, Zhu F, Liang S, Aktas BH, Yang X, Wang H, Katakam PVG, Busija DW, Fischer T, Datta PK, Rappaport J, Gao B, Qin X. Distinct fate, dynamics and niches of renal macrophages of bone marrow or embryonic origins. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2280. [PMID: 32385245 PMCID: PMC7210253 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal macrophages (RMs) participate in tissue homeostasis, inflammation and repair. RMs consist of embryo-derived (EMRMs) and bone marrow-derived RMs (BMRMs), but the fate, dynamics, replenishment, functions and metabolic states of these two RM populations remain unclear. Here we investigate and characterize RMs at different ages by conditionally labeling and ablating RMs populations in several transgenic lines. We find that RMs expand and mature in parallel with renal growth after birth, and are mainly derived from fetal liver monocytes before birth, but self-maintain through adulthood with contribution from peripheral monocytes. Moreover, after the RMs niche is emptied, peripheral monocytes rapidly differentiate into BMRMs, with the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 signaling axis being essential for the maintenance and regeneration of both EMRMs and BMRMs. Lastly, we show that EMRMs have a higher capacity for scavenging immune complex, and are more sensitive to immune challenge than BMRMs, with this difference associated with their distinct glycolytic capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Liu
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Shen Dai
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhongnan Qin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Xiao Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Siva S V P Sakamuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Mi Ren
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kabir E Mohammad
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ping Qu
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Faliang Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shujian Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bertal H Aktas
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tracy Fischer
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Prasun K Datta
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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22
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Emerging mechanistic underpinnings and therapeutic targets for chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. Curr Opin Oncol 2020; 31:531-539. [PMID: 31449084 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Modern innovations in cancer therapy have dramatically increased the number of cancer survivors. An unfortunately frequent side-effect of cancer treatment is enduring neurological impairment. Persistent deficits in attention, concentration, memory, and speed of information processing afflict a substantial fraction of cancer survivors following completion of these life-saving therapies. Here, we highlight chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) and discuss the current understanding of mechanisms underlying CRCI. RECENT FINDINGS New studies emphasize the deleterious impact of chemotherapeutic agents on glial-glial and neuron-glial interactions that shape the form, function and plasticity of the central nervous system. An emerging theme in cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment is therapy-induced microglial activation and consequent dysfunction of both neural precursor cells and mature neural cell types. Recent work has highlighted the complexity of dysregulated intercellular interactions involving oligodendrocyte lineage cells, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons following exposure to traditional cancer therapies such as methotrexate. This new understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of CRCI has elucidated potential therapeutic interventions, including colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibition, TrkB agonism, and aerobic exercise. SUMMARY Traditional cancer therapies induce lasting alterations to multiple neural cell types. Therapy-induced microglial activation is a critical component of the cause of CRCI, contributing to dysregulation of numerous processes of neural plasticity. Therapeutic targeting of microglial activation or the consequent dysregulation of neural plasticity mechanisms are emerging.
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23
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Kofron CP, Chapman A. Breast Cancer With Brain Metastases: Perspective From a Long-Term Survivor. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1534735419890017. [PMID: 31906724 PMCID: PMC6947880 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419890017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to inform others that it is possible to survive breast cancer with brain metastases. The second author is the subject patient and a long-term survivor of systemic metastatic breast cancer with numerous brain metastases (corresponding to 8% survivor group). We credit her survival to a combination of (1) medicine as practiced by an excellent oncologist with whom we developed a partnership to manage the patient’s health, (2) our informed exploration of the available scientific knowledge including a review of scientific research articles that go beyond conventional care, and (3) the patient’s supplementation with numerous repurposed drugs and other substances reported to have antitumor properties. Alongside her conventional treatment (the medical standard of care), it seems likely that this supplementation has been a key factor in the patient’s long-term survival. We also point out that the lack of follow-up magnetic resonance imaging brain scans for early detection of brain metastases poses substantial risks for patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer in non–central nervous system locations. Thus, we suggest that research be conducted on such early detection for possible inclusion in the recommendations for the medical standard of care. Finally, medical doctors and also patients with backgrounds in biological science may wish to consider potential options and advantages of repurposed drugs and other substances reported in scientific publications when the medical standard of care has limited options for advanced cancer and other severe chronic health conditions. However, any efforts along this line by patients should be in collaboration with their medical doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Chapman
- Biology Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
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24
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Abdullaev S, Gubina N, Bulanova T, Gaziev A. Assessment of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Expression of Mitochondria-Related Genes in Different Brain Regions in Rats after Whole-Body X-ray Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041196. [PMID: 32054039 PMCID: PMC7072726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of molecular changes occurred in various brain regions after whole-body irradiation showed a significant increase in terms of the importance in gaining insight into how to slow down or prevent the development of long-term side effects such as carcinogenesis, cognitive impairment and other pathologies. We have analyzed nDNA damage and repair, changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and in the level of mtDNA heteroplasmy, and also examined changes in the expression of genes involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in three areas of the rat brain (hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum) after whole-body X-ray irradiation. Long amplicon quantitative polymerase chain reaction (LA-QPCR) was used to detect nDNA and mtDNA damage. The level of mtDNA heteroplasmy was estimated using Surveyor nuclease technology. The mtDNA copy numbers and expression levels of a number of genes were determined by real-time PCR. The results showed that the repair of nDNA damage in the rat brain regions occurs slowly within 24 h; in the hippocampus, this process runs much slower. The number of mtDNA copies in three regions of the rat brain increases with a simultaneous increase in mtDNA heteroplasmy. However, in the hippocampus, the copy number of mutant mtDNAs increases significantly by the time point of 24 h after radiation exposure. Our analysis shows that in the brain regions of irradiated rats, there is a decrease in the expression of genes (ND2, CytB, ATP5O) involved in ATP synthesis, although by the same time point after irradiation, an increase in transcripts of genes regulating mitochondrial biogenesis is observed. On the other hand, analysis of genes that control the dynamics of mitochondria (Mfn1, Fis1) revealed that sharp decrease in gene expression level occurred, only in the hippocampus. Consequently, the structural and functional characteristics of the hippocampus of rats exposed to whole-body radiation can be different, most significantly from those of the other brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serazhutdin Abdullaev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(4967)-739364; Fax: +7-(4967)-330553
| | - Nina Gubina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Tatiana Bulanova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Azhub Gaziev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.); (A.G.)
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Moscow, Russia;
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25
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Wlodarek L, Cao F, Alibhai FJ, Fekete A, Noyan N, Tobin SW, Marvasti TB, Wu J, Li SH, Weisel RD, Wang LY, Jia Z, Li RK. Rectification of radiotherapy-induced cognitive impairments in aged mice by reconstituted Sca-1 + stem cells from young donors. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:51. [PMID: 32028989 PMCID: PMC7006105 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is widely used and effective for treating brain tumours, but inevitably impairs cognition as it arrests cellular processes important for learning and memory. This is particularly evident in the aged brain with limited regenerative capacity, where radiation produces irreparable neuronal damage and activation of neighbouring microglia. The latter is responsible for increased neuronal death and contributes to cognitive decline after treatment. To date, there are few effective means to prevent cognitive deficits after radiotherapy. Methods Here we implanted hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from young or old (2- or 18-month-old, respectively) donor mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) into old recipients and assessed cognitive abilities 3 months post-reconstitution. Results Regardless of donor age, GFP+ cells homed to the brain of old recipients and expressed the macrophage/microglial marker, Iba1. However, only young cells attenuated deficits in novel object recognition and spatial memory and learning in old mice post-irradiation. Mechanistically, old recipients that received young HSCs, but not old, displayed significantly greater dendritic spine density and long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 neurons of the hippocampus. Lastly, we found that GFP+/Iba1+ cells from young and old donors were differentially polarized to an anti- and pro-inflammatory phenotype and produced neuroprotective factors and reactive nitrogen species in vivo, respectively. Conclusion Our results suggest aged peripherally derived microglia-like cells may exacerbate cognitive impairments after radiotherapy, whereas young microglia-like cells are polarized to a reparative phenotype in the irradiated brain, particularly in neural circuits associated with rewards, learning, and memory. These findings present a proof-of-principle for effectively reinstating central cognitive function of irradiated brains with peripheral stem cells from young donor bone marrow. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1681-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Wlodarek
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Room 3-702, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Floor 5, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Faisal J Alibhai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Room 3-702, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Adam Fekete
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Floor 5, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Nima Noyan
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Room 3-702, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stephanie W Tobin
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Room 3-702, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tina B Marvasti
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Room 3-702, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Room 3-702, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Shu-Hong Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Room 3-702, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Richard D Weisel
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Room 3-702, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lu-Yang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Floor 5, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Floor 5, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Room 3-702, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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26
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Rescue from Stx2-Producing E. coli-Associated Encephalopathy by Intravenous Injection of Muse Cells in NOD-SCID Mice. Mol Ther 2019; 28:100-118. [PMID: 31607541 PMCID: PMC6953779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and acute encephalopathies that may lead to sudden death or severe neurologic sequelae. Current treatments, including immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoadsorption, plasma exchange, steroid pulse therapy, and the monoclonal antibody eculizumab, have limited effects against the severe neurologic sequelae. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are endogenous reparative non-tumorigenic stem cells that naturally reside in the body and are currently under clinical trials for regenerative medicine. When administered intravenously, Musecells accumulate to the damaged tissue, where they exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and immunomodulatory effects, and replace damaged cells by differentiating into tissue-constituent cells. Here, severely immunocompromised non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice orally inoculated with 9 × 109 colony-forming units of STEC O111 and treated 48 h later with intravenous injection of 5 × 104 Muse cells exhibited 100% survival and no severe after-effects of infection. Suppression of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) by RNAi abolished the beneficial effects of Muse cells, leading to a 40% death and significant body weight loss, suggesting the involvement of G-CSF in the beneficial effects of Muse cells in STEC-infected mice. Thus, intravenous administration of Muse cells could be a candidate therapeutic approach for preventing fatal encephalopathy after STEC infection.
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27
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Olingy CE, Dinh HQ, Hedrick CC. Monocyte heterogeneity and functions in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:309-322. [PMID: 30776148 PMCID: PMC6658332 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ri0818-311r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are innate immune cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system that have emerged as important regulators of cancer development and progression. Our understanding of monocytes has advanced from viewing these cells as a homogenous population to a heterogeneous system of cells that display diverse responses to different stimuli. During cancer, different monocyte subsets perform functions that contribute to both pro- and antitumoral immunity, including phagocytosis, secretion of tumoricidal mediators, promotion of angiogenesis, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, recruitment of lymphocytes, and differentiation into tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells. The ability of cancer to evade immune recognition and clearance requires protumoral signals to outweigh ongoing attempts by the host immune system to prevent tumor growth. This review discusses current understanding of monocyte heterogeneity during homeostasis, highlights monocyte functions in cancer progression, and describes monocyte-targeted therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Olingy
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Huy Q. Dinh
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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28
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Filbin M, Monje M. Developmental origins and emerging therapeutic opportunities for childhood cancer. Nat Med 2019; 25:367-376. [PMID: 30842674 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading disease-related cause of death in children in developed countries. Arising in the context of actively growing tissues, childhood cancers are fundamentally diseases of dysregulated development. Childhood cancers exhibit a lower overall mutational burden than adult cancers, and recent sequencing studies have revealed that the genomic events central to childhood oncogenesis include mutations resulting in broad epigenetic changes or translocations that result in fusion oncoproteins. Here, we will review the developmental origins of childhood cancers, epigenetic dysregulation in tissue stem/precursor cells in numerous examples of childhood cancer oncogenesis and emerging therapeutic opportunities aimed at both cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental targets together with new insights into the mechanisms underlying long-term sequelae of childhood cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorder Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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29
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Pharmacologic management of cognitive impairment induced by cancer therapy. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:e92-e102. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Johannesen S, Budeus B, Peters S, Iberl S, Meyer AL, Kammermaier T, Wirkert E, Bruun TH, Samara VC, Schulte-Mattler W, Herr W, Schneider A, Grassinger J, Bogdahn U. Biomarker Supervised G-CSF (Filgrastim) Response in ALS Patients. Front Neurol 2018; 9:971. [PMID: 30534107 PMCID: PMC6275232 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate safety, tolerability and feasibility of long-term treatment with Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a well-known hematopoietic stem cell factor, guided by assessment of mobilized bone marrow derived stem cells and cytokines in the serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) treated on a named patient basis. Methods: 36 ALS patients were treated with subcutaneous injections of G-CSF on a named patient basis and in an outpatient setting. Drug was dosed by individual application schemes (mean 464 Mio IU/month, range 90-2160 Mio IU/month) over a median of 13.7 months (range from 2.7 to 73.8 months). Safety, tolerability, survival and change in ALSFRS-R were observed. Hematopoietic stem cells were monitored by flow cytometry analysis of circulating CD34+ and CD34+CD38− cells, and peripheral cytokines were assessed by electrochemoluminescence throughout the intervention period. Analysis of immunological and hematological markers was conducted. Results: Long term and individually adapted treatment with G-CSF was well tolerated and safe. G-CSF led to a significant mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into the peripheral blood. Higher mobilization capacity was associated with prolonged survival. Initial levels of serum cytokines, such as MDC, TNF-beta, IL-7, IL-16, and Tie-2 were significantly associated with survival. Continued application of G-CSF led to persistent alterations in serum cytokines and ongoing measurements revealed the multifaceted effects of G-CSF. Conclusions: G-CSF treatment is feasible and safe for ALS patients. It may exert its beneficial effects through neuroprotective and -regenerative activities, mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells and regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as angiogenic factors. These cytokines may serve as prognostic markers when measured at the time of diagnosis. Hematopoietic stem cell numbers and cytokine levels are altered by ongoing G-CSF application and may potentially serve as treatment biomarkers for early monitoring of G-CSF treatment efficacy in ALS in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siw Johannesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Peters
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Iberl
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Louise Meyer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tina Kammermaier
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Wirkert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim-Henrik Bruun
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Verena C Samara
- Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Grassinger
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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31
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Lund H, Pieber M, Parsa R, Han J, Grommisch D, Ewing E, Kular L, Needhamsen M, Espinosa A, Nilsson E, Överby AK, Butovsky O, Jagodic M, Zhang XM, Harris RA. Competitive repopulation of an empty microglial niche yields functionally distinct subsets of microglia-like cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4845. [PMID: 30451869 PMCID: PMC6242869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating monocytes can compete for virtually any tissue macrophage niche and become long-lived replacements that are phenotypically indistinguishable from their embryonic counterparts. As the factors regulating this process are incompletely understood, we studied niche competition in the brain by depleting microglia with >95% efficiency using Cx3cr1CreER/+R26DTA/+ mice and monitored long-term repopulation. Here we show that the microglial niche is repopulated within weeks by a combination of local proliferation of CX3CR1+F4/80lowClec12a– microglia and infiltration of CX3CR1+F4/80hiClec12a+ macrophages that arise directly from Ly6Chi monocytes. This colonization is independent of blood brain barrier breakdown, paralleled by vascular activation, and regulated by type I interferon. Ly6Chi monocytes upregulate microglia gene expression and adopt microglia DNA methylation signatures, but retain a distinct gene signature from proliferating microglia, displaying altered surface marker expression, phagocytic capacity and cytokine production. Our results demonstrate that monocytes are imprinted by the CNS microenvironment but remain transcriptionally, epigenetically and functionally distinct. Brain microglial cells can be replenished by blood-derived monocytes, but many aspects of this repopulation remain unclear. Here the authors show that the brain microglial niche can be replaced both by proliferating, residential microglia as well as differentiated Ly6Chi monocytes, with the latter having overlapping but distinct characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Lund
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Melanie Pieber
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Roham Parsa
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Jinming Han
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - David Grommisch
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Ewoud Ewing
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Maria Needhamsen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Alexander Espinosa
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, 90185, Sweden
| | - Anna K Överby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, 90185, Sweden
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Xing-Mei Zhang
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden.
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32
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Abstract
In this issue of JEM, Singhal et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180008) explore the cellular mechanisms involved in endothelial cell regeneration in the liver. Using a combination of myeloablative and nonmyeloablative approaches, the authors found that repair of the endothelium is mediated by endothelial cells themselves, but when injured, endothelial cells enlist myeloid counterparts that aid in vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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33
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Singhal M, Liu X, Inverso D, Jiang K, Dai J, He H, Bartels S, Li W, Abdul Pari AA, Gengenbacher N, Besemfelder E, Hui L, Augustin HG, Hu J. Endothelial cell fitness dictates the source of regenerating liver vasculature. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2497-2508. [PMID: 30194265 PMCID: PMC6170182 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing a broad array of genetic lineage–tracing protocols including parabiotic pairs, Singhal et al. reveal that the fitness of liver endothelial cells (ECs) determines whether resident ECs or bone marrow–derived mononuclear cells will be adopted for vascular regeneration. Neoangiogenesis plays a key role in diverse pathophysiological conditions, including liver regeneration. Yet, the source of new endothelial cells (ECs) remains elusive. By analyzing the regeneration of the liver vasculature in irradiation-based myeloablative and nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation mouse models, we discovered that neoangiogenesis in livers with intact endothelium was solely mediated by proliferation of resident ECs. However, following irradiation-induced EC damage, bone marrow–derived mononuclear cells were recruited and incorporated into the vasculature. Further experiments with direct bone marrow infusion or granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF)–mediated progenitor cell mobilization, which resembles clinically relevant stem cell therapy, demonstrated that bone marrow–derived cells did not contribute to the regeneration of liver vasculature after two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx). Taken together, the data reconcile many of the discrepancies in the literature and highlight that the cellular source of regenerating endothelium depends on the fitness of the residual vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Singhal
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donato Inverso
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Dai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Susanne Bartels
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Weiping Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ashik Ahmed Abdul Pari
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gengenbacher
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Besemfelder
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany .,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Junhao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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