1
|
Porcelli P, Giromini L, Zennaro A. Rorschach Human Movement and Psychotherapy: Relationship with the Therapist's Emotional Responses. J Pers Assess 2024; 106:436-447. [PMID: 38251848 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2303443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The emotional responses of psychotherapists to their patients, known as countertransference, can yield valuable insights into the patient's psychological functioning. Albeit from a different perspective, the Rorschach test also provides information about the patient's psychological processes. In particular, the Rorschach human movement response (M) has been shown to be a useful measure of higher-level psychological functioning. In an attempt to bridge these two largely different perspectives, the aim of this study was to explore the association between M responses in the Rorschach protocols of psychotherapy patients and emotional responses exhibited by their therapists. To this end, a convenience sample of 149 outpatients were administered the Rorschach according to the Comprehensive System, and their therapists completed the Therapist Response Questionnaire. Through a series of regression models, controlling for response style, response complexity, and degree of psychopathology, M demonstrated a significant association with the therapists' emotional responses. A lower number of M responses was associated with the therapists' feelings of disengagement, and a higher number of M responses was associated with the therapists' feelings of being more involved with the patient. Taken together, these results suggest a potential relationship between the number of M responses the respondent gives in the Rorschach and the subsequent development of the therapeutic alliance between the respondent and their therapist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Porcelli
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonzalez-Torres MA. Technology at the Rescue? Online Games, Adolescent Mental Health and the COVID Pandemic. Am J Psychoanal 2024; 84:190-202. [PMID: 38866953 DOI: 10.1057/s11231-024-09445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The COVID pandemic has had a major impact on the mental health of the population, especially on female adolescents. Eating disorders and gender identity problems have increased markedly. Online activities have also grown enormously during this period occupying a large portion of adolescents' time. We explore the use of social networking and online gaming by adolescent girls and boys. We discuss their possible influence on different levels of psychological distress in boys and girls in the face of the pandemic. We propose that online games, mainly used by young boys, might offer them some emotional protection through mechanisms related to the body and its experience, to the group dynamics of competition, collaboration, and hierarchy, to the possibility of expressing aggression, and to the construction of a clearer and more stable identity. An unprejudiced look at new technologies is mandatory, if we are to avoid projecting our fears and expectations onto them.
Collapse
|
3
|
Meneguzzo P, Dal Brun D, Collantoni E, Meregalli V, Todisco P, Favaro A, Tenconi E. Linguistic embodiment in typical and atypical anorexia nervosa: Evidence from an image-word matching task. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2023; 31:837-849. [PMID: 37415396 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The integration of sensory, motor, and cognitive systems is embodied cognition, according to which mind and body are not separate and distinct, and our body (and our brain, as part of the body) contributes to determining our mental and cognitive processes. In spite of limited data available, Anorexia nervosa (AN) appears as a condition in which embodied cognition is altered, in particular, if we consider bodily sensations and visuospatial information processing. We aimed to evaluate the ability to correctly identify body parts and actions in both full (AN) and atypical AN (AAN), looking at the role of the underweight status. METHOD A group of 143 females (AN = 45, AAN = 43, unaffected women = 55) was enrolled. All participants performed a linguistic embodied task to evaluate the association between a picture-showing a bodily action-and a written verb. Additionally, a subsample of 24 AN participants performed a retest after stable weight recovery. RESULTS Both AN and AAN demonstrated an abnormal ability to evaluate the picture-written verb associations, especially if the involved bodily effectors were the same in both stimuli (i.e., pictorial and verbal) and needed a longer response time. CONCLUSIONS Specific embodied cognition linked to body schema seems to be impaired in persons with AN. The longitudinal analysis showed a difference between AN and AAN only in the underweight condition, suggesting the presence of an abnormal linguistic embodiment. More attention should be devoted to embodiment during AN treatment to improve bodily cognition, which might, in turn, diminish body misperception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - David Dal Brun
- Department of Linguistic and Literary Studies, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Collantoni
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Meregalli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Todisco
- Eating Disorders Unit, Casa di Cura "Villa Margherita, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Tenconi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Laughlin CD. Intersubjectivity, Empathy,
Life‐World
, and the Social Brain: The Relevance of Husserlian Neurophenomenology for the Anthropology of Consciousness. ANTHROPOLOGY OF CONSCIOUSNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/anoc.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
5
|
Israelstam K. Neuroscience and a Countertransference Impasse in a Neurotypical‐Neurodiverse Analytic Couples Therapy. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/bjp.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Altavilla D, Adornetti I, Chiera A, Deriu V, Acciai A, Ferretti F. Introspective self-narrative modulates the neuronal response during the emphatic process: an event-related potentials (ERPs) study. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2725-2738. [PMID: 36066588 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Empathy is the ability to perceive and understand others' emotional states generating a similar mental state in the self. Previous behavioural studies have shown that self-reflection can enhance the empathic process. The present event-related potentials' study aims to investigate whether self-reflection, elicited by an introspective self-narrative task, modulates the neuronal response to eye expressions and improves the accuracy of empathic process. The 29 participants included in the final sample were divided into two groups: an introspection group (IG) (n = 15), who received an introspective writing task, and a control group (CG) (n = 14), who completed a not-introspective writing task. For both groups, the electroencephalographic and behavioural responses to images depicting eye expressions taken from the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Theory of Mind test were recorded pre- (T0) and post- (T1) 7 days of writing. The main result showed that only the IG presented a different P300 amplitude in response to eye expressions at T1 compared to T0 on the left centre-frontal montage. No significant results on accuracy at T1 compared to T0 were found. These findings seem to suggest that the introspective writing task modulates attention and implicit evaluation of the socio-emotional stimuli. Results are discussed with reference to the hypothesis that such neuronal modulation is linked to an increase in the embodied simulation process underlying affective empathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Altavilla
- Cosmic Lab, Department of Philosophy, Communication and Performing Arts, "Roma Tre" University, Via Ostiense, 234 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ines Adornetti
- Cosmic Lab, Department of Philosophy, Communication and Performing Arts, "Roma Tre" University, Via Ostiense, 234 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Chiera
- Cosmic Lab, Department of Philosophy, Communication and Performing Arts, "Roma Tre" University, Via Ostiense, 234 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Deriu
- Cosmic Lab, Department of Philosophy, Communication and Performing Arts, "Roma Tre" University, Via Ostiense, 234 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Acciai
- Cosmic Lab, Department of Philosophy, Communication and Performing Arts, "Roma Tre" University, Via Ostiense, 234 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferretti
- Cosmic Lab, Department of Philosophy, Communication and Performing Arts, "Roma Tre" University, Via Ostiense, 234 00146, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Angelozzi A. Folk psychiatry. La psichiatria fra immagine scientifica e psichiatria popolare. PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE 2022. [DOI: 10.3280/pu2022-003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
La ricerca scientifica in psichiatria sta creando un divario nei confronti delle nozioni di psichiatria che posseggono le persone comuni, in maniera analoga alla progressiva distanza fra psicologia scientifica e psicologia popolare e di senso comune. Vengono indagate le nozioni che la psichia-tria scientifica e quella popolare condividono, e quelle in cui si differenziano spesso con aspetti controintuitivi. Dopo aver delineato i tratti essenziali del concetto di senso comune e di psicologia popolare e delle loro teorie più rappresentative, viene sottolineato il ruolo centrale che i concetti popolari svolgono non solo nella teoria psichiatrica, in particolare nella diagnosi, ma anche nella pratica quotidiana. Questi concetti entrano poi nella immagine di sé stessi, del mondo e nelle rela-zioni interpersonali, mostrando la improponibilità di una psichiatria che miri a fare a meno del senso comune e la necessità di una attenta mediazione fra psichiatria scientifica e psichiatria popolare. Questo aspetto è ancora più importante nella psichiatria pratica che si rivela simile per molti aspetti alla psichiatria popolare.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cotter P, Holden A, Johnson C, Noakes S, Urch C, King A. Coping With the Emotional Impact of Working in Cancer Care: The Importance of Team Working and Collective Processing. Front Psychol 2022; 13:877938. [PMID: 35911049 PMCID: PMC9336679 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.877938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospitals provide the vast majority of cancer care. A necessary focus on survival has meant that they are less well-developed in terms of supporting patients with the emotional impact of cancer; and in supporting the frontline staff who contend with this. An integration of psychotherapeutic and neurobiological findings is used to develop an understanding of the patient-staff relationship and impact of high levels of distress within it. This includes reference to Transference and Countertransference, Mirror Neurons and Poly Vagal Theory. This paper considers how patients can unconsciously "transfer" emotional distress on to healthcare practitioners; and how this evokes an emotional response from the practitioner via the mirror neuron system (MNS). This can allow the practitioner to "feel into" the patient's experience and develop a more nuanced understanding. However, it may also activate emotions connected to the practitioner's life and can leave them feeling overwhelmed. The practitioner's capacity to regulate their own emotional arousal, via the vagus nerve, has a significant impact on their ability to support the patient and themselves within emotionally distressing interactions. This dynamic often unfolds without either party having significant awareness of it. A Systemic and Process-Oriented perspective is taken to understand this within the broader context of a hospital-based structure; and consider how practitioners on frontline teams may or may not support each other in working collectively with high levels of distress. A team's level of understanding and attunement to emotional experiences as well their primary relational and communication style has significant bearing on capacity for emotion-and-relationship focused coping. A failure to work with the emotional and relational interconnection between patients and staff can contribute to isolated patients, disconnected staff, conflict within teams and an overarching system lacking in compassion. However, due to the often unconscious nature of such processes and limited understanding or training on them, they are regularly left unaddressed. Over time, this can have an accumulated effect on everyone. Group-based collective processing is considered in terms of how it can be used in supporting practitioners to integrate an emotional and relational way of working with a problem-focused approach and integrated into regular daily working.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pádraig Cotter
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Clarence Wing, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Research Society of Process Oriented Psychology United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anneka Holden
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Clarence Wing, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Johnson
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Clarence Wing, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Noakes
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Clarence Wing, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Urch
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular and Cancer, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex King
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Clarence Wing, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sarasso P, Francesetti G, Roubal J, Gecele M, Ronga I, Neppi-Modona M, Sacco K. Beauty and Uncertainty as Transformative Factors: A Free Energy Principle Account of Aesthetic Diagnosis and Intervention in Gestalt Psychotherapy. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:906188. [PMID: 35911596 PMCID: PMC9325967 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.906188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawing from field theory, Gestalt therapy conceives psychological suffering and psychotherapy as two intentional field phenomena, where unprocessed and chaotic experiences seek the opportunity to emerge and be assimilated through the contact between the patient and the therapist (i.e., the intentionality of contacting). This therapeutic approach is based on the therapist’s aesthetic experience of his/her embodied presence in the flow of the healing process because (1) the perception of beauty can provide the therapist with feedback on the assimilation of unprocessed experiences; (2) the therapist’s attentional focus on intrinsic aesthetic diagnostic criteria can facilitate the modification of rigid psychopathological fields by supporting the openness to novel experiences. The aim of the present manuscript is to review recent evidence from psychophysiology, neuroaesthetic research, and neurocomputational models of cognition, such as the free energy principle (FEP), which support the notion of the therapeutic potential of aesthetic sensibility in Gestalt psychotherapy. Drawing from neuroimaging data, psychophysiology and recent neurocognitive accounts of aesthetic perception, we propose a novel interpretation of the sense of beauty as a self-generated reward motivating us to assimilate an ever-greater spectrum of sensory and affective states in our predictive representation of ourselves and the world and supporting the intentionality of contact. Expecting beauty, in the psychotherapeutic encounter, can help therapists tolerate uncertainty avoiding impulsive behaviours and to stay tuned to the process of change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Sarasso
- BraIn Plasticity and Behaviour Changes Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pietro Sarasso,
| | - Gianni Francesetti
- International Institute for Gestalt Therapy and Psychopathology, Turin Center for Gestalt Therapy, Turin, Italy
| | - Jan Roubal
- Psychotherapy Training Gestalt Studia, Training in Psychotherapy Integration, Center for Psychotherapy Research in Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michela Gecele
- International Institute for Gestalt Therapy and Psychopathology, Turin Center for Gestalt Therapy, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Ronga
- BraIn Plasticity and Behaviour Changes Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Neppi-Modona
- BraIn Plasticity and Behaviour Changes Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Sacco
- BraIn Plasticity and Behaviour Changes Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lampert K. Caring as the Default of Empathic Direct Perception. EMOTION REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17540739221104804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenological understanding of empathy as the direct experiencing of the mental states (feelings, intentions, moods) of others eschews the identification of empathy with caring. At the same time, it leaves open the possibility of sadistic pleasure, indifference, or malice as consequences of empathic experience. In this paper, I intend to defend the place of caring as an inseparable part of the empathic experience, specifically when understood as direct perception. My defense relies on (a) conceiving of attentive concern as a perceptual predisposition, and (b) understanding the caring responsiveness of the empathizer as embedded in her direct perception of the empathee's mental states. My claim proceeds by three steps. Firstly, I will present the need to include caring within empathy through the problem that arises from excluding it. Secondly, I will argue for the presence of active responsiveness, inherent in the phenomenological concept of perception and expressed more explicitly in its Gibsonian understanding. Thirdly, I will propose my understanding of attentive concern as a predisposition, which together with the intentionality attributed to the other (itself also a disposition) forms the pre-perceptual basis for identifying empathy with caring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khen Lampert
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yaffo, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Khen Lampert, School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yaffo, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in young women affected with anorexia nervosa, and their relationship with personality, psychopathology, and attachment style. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1193-1207. [PMID: 34189704 PMCID: PMC8964650 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OC) are associated with greater morbidity and worse prognosis in anorexia nervosa (AN). We assessed the presence of non-eating OC in participants with AN and related them with their psychopathology, personality, and attachment style features. METHODS Young women with AN (N = 41, 30 restrictor and 11 binge-purging type) were assessed on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). These participants with AN and 82 healthy controls (HC) completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). The association between Y-BOCS scores and indexes of psychopathology, personality, and attachment were examined. RESULTS AN had significantly higher scores than HC on the EDI-2, SCL-90, TAS-20, ASQ-Need for Approval, and TCI-Harm Avoidance and Self-directedness. The Y-BOCS scores were significantly correlated with ASQ-Need for Approval, TAS-20-Difficulty in Describing Feelings, SCL-90-Phobic Anxiety, and Anxiety, EDI-2-Drive to Thinness, and Asceticism. Need for Approval displayed the strongest correlation with OC symptoms. Difficulty in describing feelings displayed the strongest correlation with compulsive OC symptoms. CONCLUSIONS OC traits in AN were primarily associated with measures of insecure attachment rather than to their eating disorder or general psychopathology. Therapeutic approaches to correcting insecure attachment may be considered as a possible approach to treating AN patients with OC. The study supports a new psychopathological perspective for understanding the meaning of OC symptoms in AN. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Stortelder F, Ploegmakers-Burg M. Adolescence and the Reorganization of Infant Development: A Neuro-Psychoanalytic Model. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2022; 50:181-205. [PMID: 35235399 DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2022.50.1.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The psychoanalytic view of adolescence as a phase of turbulence and reorganization occupied a central position in child and adolescent psychiatry until about 1980. The view of adolescence as a silent-transition phase then prevailed and diverged from the psychoanalytic perspective. This article reviews infant and adolescent development using an interdisciplinary, neuro-psycho-analytic model in which psychoanalytic, neurobiological, and developmental perspectives converge and complement each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frans Stortelder
- Supervising Analyst, Dutch Psychoanalytic Training Institute, Amsterdam, and Member, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Marian Ploegmakers-Burg
- Supervising Child Analyst, Dutch Psychoanalytic Training Institute, Amsterdam, Member, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, and Member, Amsterdam Institute for Family and Relationship Therapy; private practice
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peciccia M, Buratta L, Ardizzi M, Germani A, Ayala G, Ferroni F, Mazzeschi C, Gallese V. Sense of self and psychosis, part 1: Identification, differentiation and the body; A theoretical basis for amniotic therapy. INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/0803706x.2021.1990401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Stefana A, Celentani B, Dimitrijevic A, Migone P, Albasi C. Where is psychoanalysis today? Sixty-two psychoanalysts share their subjective perspectives on the state of the art of psychoanalysis: A qualitative thematic analysis. INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/0803706x.2021.1991594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
15
|
Cerrito P, DeCasien AR. The expression of care: Alloparental care frequency predicts neural control of facial muscles in primates. Evolution 2021; 75:1727-1737. [PMID: 34019303 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive value of facial expressions has been debated in evolutionary biology ever since Darwin's seminal work. Among mammals, primates, including humans, exhibit the most intricate facial displays. Although previous work has focused on the role of sociality in the evolution of primate facial expressions, this relationship has not been verified in a wide sample of species. Here, we examine the relationship between allomaternal care (paternal or alloparental) and the morphology of three orofacial brainstem nuclei (facial; trigeminal motor; hypoglossal) across primates to test the hypothesis that allomaternal care explains variation in the complexity of facial expressions, proxied by relative facial nucleus size and neuropil fraction. The latter represents the proportion of synaptically dense tissue and may, therefore, correlate with dexterity. We find that alloparental care frequency predicts relative neuropil fraction of the facial nucleus, even after controlling for social system organization, whereas allomaternal care is not associated with the trigeminal motor or hypoglossal nuclei. Overall, this work suggests that alloparenting requires increased facial dexterity to facilitate nonverbal communication between infants and their nonparent caregivers and/or between caregivers. Accordingly, alloparenting and complex facial expressions are likely to have coevolved in primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cerrito
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, 10003.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York, 10024.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, 10010
| | - Alex R DeCasien
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, 10003.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York, 10024
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Folgerø PO, Johansson C, Stokkedal LH. The Superior Visual Perception Hypothesis: Neuroaesthetics of Cave Art. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:81. [PMID: 34073168 PMCID: PMC8226463 DOI: 10.3390/bs11060081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cave Art in the Upper Paleolithic presents a boost of creativity and visual thinking. What can explain these savant-like paintings? The normal brain function in modern man rarely supports the creation of highly detailed paintings, particularly the convincing representation of animal movement, without extensive training and access to modern technology. Differences in neuro-signaling and brain anatomy between modern and archaic Homo sapiens could also cause differences in perception. The brain of archaic Homo sapiens could perceive raw detailed information without using pre-established top-down concepts, as opposed to the common understanding of the normal modern non-savant brain driven by top-down control. Some ancient genes preserved in modern humans may be expressed in rare disorders. Researchers have compared Cave Art with art made by people with autism spectrum disorder. We propose that archaic primary consciousness, as opposed to modern secondary consciousness, included a savant-like perception with a superior richness of details compared to modern man. Modern people with high frequencies of Neanderthal genes, have notable anatomical features such as increased skull width in the occipital and parietal visual areas. We hypothesize that the anatomical differences are functional and may allow a different path to visual perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Olav Folgerø
- Department of Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Christer Johansson
- Department of Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yerushalmi H. Supervisees’ professional development and the analytic community. INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0803706x.2020.1818824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Sarasso P, Neppi-Modona M, Sacco K, Ronga I. "Stopping for knowledge": The sense of beauty in the perception-action cycle. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:723-738. [PMID: 32926914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
According to a millennial-old philosophical debate, aesthetic emotions have been connected to knowledge acquisition. Recent scientific evidence, collected across different disciplinary domains, confirms this link, but also reveals that motor inhibition plays a crucial role in the process. In this review, we discuss multidisciplinary results and propose an original account of aesthetic appreciation (the stopping for knowledge hypothesis) framed within the predictive coding theory. We discuss evidence showing that aesthetic emotions emerge in correspondence with an inhibition of motor behavior (i.e., minimizing action), promoting a simultaneous perceptual processing enhancement, at the level of sensory cortices (i.e., optimizing learning). Accordingly, we suggest that aesthetic appreciation may represent a hedonic feedback over learning progresses, motivating the individual to inhibit motor routines to seek further knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, the neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies we review reveal the presence of a strong association between aesthetic appreciation and the activation of the dopaminergic reward-related circuits. Finally, we propose a number of possible applications of the stopping for knowledge hypothesis in the clinical and education domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Sarasso
- BIP (BraIn Plasticity and Behaviour Changes) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - M Neppi-Modona
- BIP (BraIn Plasticity and Behaviour Changes) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - K Sacco
- BIP (BraIn Plasticity and Behaviour Changes) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - I Ronga
- BIP (BraIn Plasticity and Behaviour Changes) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Salvatore G, Ottavi P, Popolo R, Dimaggio G. An inter-subjective multi-factorial model of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2020.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
20
|
Numanee IZ, Zafar N, Karim A, Ismail SAMM. Developing empathy among first-year university undergraduates through English language course: A phenomenological study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04021. [PMID: 32518850 PMCID: PMC7270546 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Empathy, as an essential personality trait of human beings, has been studied rigorously in the field of nursing and medical sciences. Nowadays, universities are also endeavoring to develop empathy with particular courses or tailored content among the students. The English language classroom acts as a dynamic platform to impart education for empathy. Yet there is a paucity of research related to the outcomes of such initiatives. The current study revolved around an English language course that is primarily designed to improve students' proficiency in English required for them to be empowered with the compatibility of tertiary education. The secondary focus of the course concerned the cultivation of empathy that is inevitable not only for the academic journey but also for social wellbeing. The present study was designed to investigate the contents, based on theoretical grounds, of the English language classroom and to trace the outcomes of such an empathy-teaching. A phenomenological approach was adopted to conduct the study, in which document analysis and semi-structured interviews with 10 participants shaped the instrumentation of data collection. The current study adopted thematic analysis to analyze the semi-structured interview data. The findings projected that the contents harnessed to cultivate empathy corresponded to the theoretical aspects of empathy development. The semi-structured interview data was a testimony of the nature of empathy practice inculcated among undergraduate students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazneen Zafar
- Brac Institute of Languages (BIL), Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Karim
- Brac Institute of Languages (BIL), Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Savidaki M, Demirtoka S, Rodríguez-Jiménez RM. Re-inhabiting one's body: A pilot study on the effects of dance movement therapy on body image and alexithymia in eating disorders. J Eat Disord 2020; 8:22. [PMID: 32426135 PMCID: PMC7212562 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image disturbance and alexithymia are two core aspects of Eating Disorders (EDs). However, standard treatments for EDs do not include specific techniques to approach these issues on a bodily level. This pilot study evaluated the effects of a Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) intervention on body image and alexithymia in patients with EDs, and also explored their experience of the therapeutic process. METHOD 14 patients with EDs were recruited from a private clinic. Seven were assigned via quasi-randomization to the DMT group and the others (n = 5) continued their treatment as usual. The length of the intervention was 14 weeks. All participants completed the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Additionally, the DMT group wrote reflective diaries about their experience at the end of each session, which were analyzed using qualitative methods. RESULTS Between the pre- and post-intervention, the participants of the DMT group significantly improved in Body Areas Satisfaction (effect size: 0.95) and Appearance Evaluation (effect size: 1.10), and they decreased significantly in Appearance Orientation (effect size: 1.30). A decrease in Overweight Preoccupation was observed (effect size: 0.75), however this was not statistically significant. The control group did not show significant changes in any of the MBSRQ subscales. Neither the DMT group nor the control group improved significantly in the alexithymia scores. The qualitative analysis revealed valuable insights into the participants' processes throughout the sessions. In general, participants received the DMT intervention positively. They reported improvements in their mood states and an increase in their self-awareness. They also appreciated the relationship with the group and the therapist. CONCLUSION These results indicate that DMT might be a complementary treatment option for EDs, as it may be able to address body image issues more effectively than verbal therapies. More studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these promising preliminary results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Savidaki
- Psychology Department, Autonomus University of Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, Barcelona, 08193 Spain
| | - Sezin Demirtoka
- Psychology Department, Autonomus University of Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, Barcelona, 08193 Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Weatherston DJ, Ribaudo J. The Michigan infant mental health home visiting model. Infant Ment Health J 2020; 41:166-177. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Ribaudo
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qiao D, Zhang A, Sun N, Yang C, Li J, Zhao T, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wen Y, Zhang K, Liu Z. Altered Static and Dynamic Functional Connectivity of Habenula Associated With Suicidal Ideation in First-Episode, Drug-Naïve Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:608197. [PMID: 33391057 PMCID: PMC7772142 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.608197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the neurobiological mechanism of suicidal ideation (SI) in major depressive disorder (MDD) may be beneficial to prevent the suicidal behavior. Mounting evidence showed that habenula contributed to the etiology of MDD. The habenula is a key brain region that links the forebrain to midbrain, crucial for the processing of reward and aversion. The aim of the present study was to identify whether first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients with SI displayed altered habenula neural circuitry. Forty-three and 38 drug-naïve patients with first-episode MDD with or without SI (SI+/- group) and 35 healthy control subjects (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The whole-brain habenula static (sFC) and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) were calculated to identify regions showing significant difference among these three groups followed by region of interest to region of interest post hoc analysis. For sFC, compared with SI- and HC groups, SI+ group showed decreased sFC from habenula to the precuneus and the inferior frontal gyrus. Patients with MDD displayed increased sFC from habenula to the putamen but decreased sFC to the precentral gyrus. For dFC, SI+ group showed increased dFC from habenula to the superior temporal gyrus, the precuneus, but decreased dFC to the lingual gyrus, the postcentral gyrus, when comparing with SI- and HC groups. Patients with MDD, regardless of SI, displayed decreased dFC from the habenula to the angular gyrus. These findings provide evidence that SI in first-episode, drug-naïve patients with MDD may be related to an abnormality in habenula neural circuitry, which may provide the theoretical basis of novel treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yujiao Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Glucksman ML. The Therapeutic Relationship Reexamined: Clinical and Neurobiological Aspects of Empathic Attunement. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2020; 48:392-406. [PMID: 33779222 DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2020.48.4.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article explores salient aspects of the therapeutic relationship, including transference, nontransference (the "real" relationship), and empathic attunement. Evidence for a mirror neuron system mediating empathy in primates and humans is presented. A clinical illustration describes the interplay between impaired early attachment, developmental experience, psychopathology, mirror neuron dysfunction, and the role of empathic attunement toward facilitating clinical improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myron L Glucksman
- Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY Supervising and Training Analyst, The Psychoanalytic Institute, New York Medical College. Psychiatrist, Danbury Hospital, Danbury, CT
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mooney A, Roberts A, Bayston A, Bowden‐Jones H. The piloting of a brief relational psychodynamic protocol (psychodynamic addiction model) for problem gambling and other compulsive addictions: A retrospective analysis. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
26
|
Sletvold J. Neuroscience and the Embodiment of Psychoanalysis—With an Appreciation of Damasio’s Contribution. PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07351690.2019.1671067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
27
|
Busch FN. The Influence of Neuroscience on the Theory and Approaches to Panic Disorder and the Impact of Trauma. PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07351690.2019.1671072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Bonn G. Finding a home: Developmental and neurobiological perspectives on cultural models. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Bonn
- Department of Global and Social Studies King Fahd University of Petroleum of Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schreiner MW, Klimes-Dougan B, Cullen KR. Neural Correlates of Suicidality in Adolescents with Major Depression: Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Precuneus and Posterior Cingulate Cortex. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:899-913. [PMID: 29756354 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors ("suicidality"). Of the three components of Joiner's interpersonal theory of suicide, two involve negatively valenced, self-related beliefs: perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. However, the neurocircuitry underlying self-processing and suicidality has not been fully explored. This study examined the association between suicidality and the neurocircuitry of regions relevant to self-referential processing in adolescents with depression. METHOD Fifty-eight adolescents underwent assessment and a resting-state fMRI scan. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses included two brain regions implicated in self-referential processing: precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Suicidality was measured using the Index of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms. While controlling for depression severity, we conducted whole-brain correlation analyses between suicidality and left and right precuneus and PCC connectivity maps. RESULTS Suicidality was positively associated with RSFC between left precuneus and left primary motor and somatosensory cortices, and middle and superior frontal gyri. Suicidality was negatively associated with RSFC between left PCC and left cerebellum, lateral occipital cortex, and temporal-occipital fusiform gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Findings of hyperconnectivity stemming from the precuneus and hypoconnectivity from the PCC may reflect maladaptive self-reflection and mentalization. However, additional investigation is warranted to further clarify these relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bonnie Klimes-Dougan
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Scorolli C. Re-enacting the Bodily Self on Stage: Embodied Cognition Meets Psychoanalysis. Front Psychol 2019; 10:492. [PMID: 31024371 PMCID: PMC6460994 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The embodied approach to cognition consists in a range of theoretical proposals sharing the idea that our concepts are constitutively shaped by the physical and social constraints of our body and environment. Still far from a mutually enriching interplay, in recent years embodied and psychoanalytic approaches are converging on similar constructs as the ones of intersubjectivity, bodily self, and affective quality of verbal communication. Some efforts to cope with the sentient subject were already present in classical cognitivism: having expunged desires and conflicts from the cognitive harmony, bodily emotions re-emerged but only as a noisy dynamic friction. In contrast, the new, neural, embodied cognitive science with its focus on bodily effects/affects has enabled a dialogue between neuro-cognitive perspectives and clinic-psychological ones, through shared conceptual frameworks. I will address crucial issues that should be faced on this reconciling path. With reference to two kinds of contemporary addictions - internet addiction disorder and eating disorders - I will introduce a possible therapeutic approach that is built upon the core role of the acting-sentient bodily self in a dynamic-social and affective environment. In Psychoanalytic Psychodrama, the spontaneous re-enactment of a past (socially and physically constrained) experience is actualized by means of the other, the Auxiliary Ego. This allows homeostatic and social-emotional affects, i.e., drives and instincts, to be re-experienced by the agent, the Protagonist, in a safe scenario. The director-psychoanalyst smoothly traces back this simulation to the motivated, and constrained, early proximal embodied interactions with significant others, and to the related instinctual conflicting aims. The psychoanalytic reframing of classical psychodrama does not merely exploit its original cathartic function, rather stands out for exploring the interpersonal constitution of the self, through an actual "re-somatization" of psychoanalytic therapy. Unspoken/unspeakable feelings pop up on stage: the strength of this treatment mainly rests on re-establishing the priority of the embodied Self over the narrative Self. By pointing out the possible conflicts between these two selves, this method can broaden the embodied cognition perspective. The psychodramatic approach will be briefly discussed in light of connectionist models, to finally address linguistic and methodological pivotal issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scorolli
- Department of Philosophy and Communication Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lucchi B. Authentic Movement as a Training Modality for Private Practice Clinicians. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DANCE THERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10465-018-9287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
32
|
Galli PF, Merini A. Tracce. PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE 2018. [DOI: 10.3280/pu2018-004005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
33
|
Liotti G. Intervento. PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE 2018. [DOI: 10.3280/pu2018-004007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
34
|
Kaiser S, Zimmet M, Fraser J, Liddle K, Roberts G. Recognition of attachment difficulties and developmental trauma is the responsibility of all paediatricians. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:1110-1116. [PMID: 30294995 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of attachment theory, developmental trauma and trauma-informed care for paediatricians. The impact of difficult or impoverished parent-child relationships on brain development and long-term health is now well known. Recent neuroscience research reveals the adverse neurological impacts of developmental trauma and supports the biological basis of attachment theory. There is also an increasing body of evidence that childhood adversity is common and impacts physical and mental health throughout the life-span. Comprehensive paediatric assessment should include an understanding of attachment difficulties and developmental trauma. Viewing children and their families through a 'trauma-informed lens' can provide critical insights into their clinical presentation and care needs. All paediatricians should be providing and practicing trauma-informed care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Kaiser
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioural Paediatric Society of Australasia (https://nbpsa.org/).,Child Development Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marcel Zimmet
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioural Paediatric Society of Australasia (https://nbpsa.org/).,FASD Service, The CICADA Centre NSW, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jolene Fraser
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioural Paediatric Society of Australasia (https://nbpsa.org/).,Craigieburn Health Service, Northern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Liddle
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioural Paediatric Society of Australasia (https://nbpsa.org/).,Inala Indigenous Health Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gehan Roberts
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioural Paediatric Society of Australasia (https://nbpsa.org/).,Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Just like any other psychotherapy method, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) should conceptualize the intersubjective phenomena that are active during EMDR therapy, especially in the treatment of complex cases. This article describes the concepts of transference and countertransference and how to integrate them in the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model. In this article, research on mirror neurons, the concept of action systems, and recent considerations on attachment theory for patients with disorganized attachment are incorporated into the concepts of transference and countertransference. Input from each of these theories is illustrated with a clinical vignette that depicts how the client’s and the therapist’s conscious and unconscious processes are intertwined and how they may affect the efficacy of EMDR therapy. We propose the countertransference-based interweave to release the AIP when countertransference issues block the process. Integrating knowledge on transference and countertransference in EMDR therapy could increase the efficacy of EMDR, especially in complex cases.
Collapse
|
36
|
Thye MD, Murdaugh DL, Kana RK. Brain Mechanisms Underlying Reading the Mind from Eyes, Voice, and Actions. Neuroscience 2018; 374:172-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
37
|
Pedersen AF, Ingeman ML, Vedsted P. Empathy, burn-out and the use of gut feeling: a cross-sectional survey of Danish general practitioners. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020007. [PMID: 29490966 PMCID: PMC5855338 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has suggested that physicians' gut feelings are associated with parents' concerns for the well-being of their children. Gut feeling is particularly important in diagnosis of serious low-incidence diseases in primary care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether empathy, that is, the ability to understand what another person is experiencing, relates to general practitioners' (GPs) use of gut feelings. Since empathy is associated with burn-out, we also examined whether the hypothesised influence of empathy on gut feeling use is dependent on level of burn-out. DESIGN Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Participants completed the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy and The Maslach Burnout Inventory. SETTING Primary care. PARTICIPANTS 588 active GPs in Central Denmark Region (response rate=70%). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported use of gut feelings in clinical practice. RESULTS GPs who scored in the highest quartile of the empathy scale had fourfold the odds of increased use of gut feelings compared with GPs in the lowest empathy quartile (OR 3.99, 95% CI 2.51 to 6.34) when adjusting for the influence of possible confounders. Burn-out was not statistically significantly associated with use of gut feelings (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.83), and no significant interaction effects between empathy and burn-out were revealed. CONCLUSIONS Physician empathy, but not burn-out, was strongly associated with use of gut feelings in primary care. As preliminary results suggest that gut feelings have diagnostic value, these findings highlight the importance of incorporating empathy and interpersonal skills into medical training to increase sensitivity to patient concern and thereby increase the use and reliability of gut feeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Fischer Pedersen
- Research Unit for General Practice and Research Centre for Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care (CaP), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Vedsted
- Research Unit for General Practice and Research Centre for Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care (CaP), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Arnett K, Roach A, Elzy M, Jelsone-Swain L. Childhood emotional invalidation and right hemispheric mu suppression during a pain empathy task: An EEG study. Soc Neurosci 2018; 14:236-250. [PMID: 29451071 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2018.1441905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Empathy is a critical aspect of social behavior, and impairment in empathic processing is linked to hindered social interactions and several disorders. Despite much interest in this topic, our understanding of the developmental and neural involvement for empathic processing is limited. Recent evidence suggests the Mirror Neuron System (MNS) may play a role in this behavior, and that mu rhythm suppression found over the sensorimotor cortices may be a proxy for the MNS. Therefore, we aimed to measure mu rhythm oscillations in response to empathic processing during observation of painful action-based situations using electroencephalogram (EEG). Our second goal was to examine how perceived parental emotional invalidation (EI) during childhood may relate to empathy and influence mu suppression. Our results showed that mu rhythm suppression was strongest over the right hemisphere. EI had a significant influence on this suppression between painful and non-painful images, and was negatively correlated with behavioral measures of empathy. Our findings suggest that perceived childhood EI may decrease empathizing abilities and influence neural responses to the painful experiences of others. Implications from this study could entail clinical intervention targeted at emotional invalidation to foster the healthy development of empathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Arnett
- a Department of Psychology , University of South Carolina Aiken , Aiken , SC , USA
| | - Alexandra Roach
- a Department of Psychology , University of South Carolina Aiken , Aiken , SC , USA
| | - Meredith Elzy
- a Department of Psychology , University of South Carolina Aiken , Aiken , SC , USA
| | - Laura Jelsone-Swain
- a Department of Psychology , University of South Carolina Aiken , Aiken , SC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Peck JA, Hogue M. Acting with the best of intentions… or not: A typology and model of impression management in leadership. THE LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
40
|
Sletvold J. The ego and the id revisited Freud and Damasio on the body ego/self. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 2017; 94:1019-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1745-8315.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Lemma A. The body of the analyst and the analytic setting: Reflections on the embodied setting and the symbiotic transference. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 2017; 95:225-44. [DOI: 10.1111/1745-8315.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lemma
- Psychological Therapies Development Unit, Unit Director, Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
de Peyer J. Traversing the Ineffable: Commentary on Sharon Farber’s “Becoming a Telepathic Tuning Fork”. PSYCHOANALYTIC DIALOGUES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10481885.2017.1379330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
43
|
Livingston M, Scott CA. Sustained Empathic Focus and the Creation of a "We Space" Revisited in the Light of Recent Findings in Neurobiology. Int J Group Psychother 2017; 67:479-499. [PMID: 38475603 DOI: 10.1080/00207284.2016.1278173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article is an attempt to expand our understanding of the curative process with an emphasis on the group therapy setting. It presents a self psychological approach that underlines the importance of a "sustained empathic focus" on each patient's subjective experience and the creation of what we have referred to as shared "vulnerable moments" and a "we-space." The relationship of our approach to recent findings in the field of neurobiology is then considered.
Collapse
|
44
|
Bell H. Creative Interventions for Teaching Empathy in the Counseling Classroom. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2017.1328295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hope Bell
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nobis L, Schindlbeck K, Ehlen F, Tiedt H, Rewitzer C, Duits AA, Klostermann F. Theory of mind performance in Parkinson’s disease is associated with motor and cognitive functions, but not with symptom lateralization. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:1067-1072. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
46
|
Altered mu-rhythm suppression in Borderline Personality Disorder. Brain Res 2017; 1659:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
47
|
Roche J, Harmon D. Exploring the Facets of Empathy and Pain in Clinical Practice: A Review. Pain Pract 2017; 17:1089-1096. [PMID: 28160400 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy is an essential element in providing quality patient care. The significance of empathy is even more striking in pain medicine, as chronic pain is notorious for the way it can compromise an individual, leaving him or her isolated and feeling misconceived. This review examines the role of empathy in pain medicine practice. METHODS Current and past literature focusing on empathy and pain was searched for in PubMed, Science Direct, MEDLINE (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ebsco), Research Gate, and Google Scholar in July 2015. Search dates were not limited and languages included English only. Search terms were "empathy and pain," "empathy and chronic pain," "physician empathy and pain," "neural mechanisms and empathy," "empathy in clinical practice," "empathy and stigma," and "empathy and medical students". To select relevant publications, the title and abstract of every publication were examined, and when in doubt, the rest of the publication was read. RESULTS Four major themes were identified: (1) the neural basis for empathy and pain; (2) the value and challenges of practicing empathy pain medicine; (3) stigma and empathy for pain; and (4) empathy and physician education and training. CONCLUSION The review reveals that empathy deserves an unchallenged place in medical care, especially in pain medicine and medical education. It highlights the need to nurture empathy at all levels of professional expertise from medical student to senior doctors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic Harmon
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abbate-Daga G, Marzola E, Amianto F, Fassino S. A comprehensive review of psychodynamic treatments for eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:553-580. [PMID: 26980319 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To comprehensively review the existing literature on the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapies in eating disorders (EDs) and to stimulate both debate and research on this topic. METHODS Online and hand searches were conducted to identify papers published between 1980 and 2015 on psychodynamic treatments delivered to adults with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). RESULTS A total of 47 studies were finally included in this review. Fifteen studies were available for AN, 9 for BN, 12 for BED, and 11 for samples with mixed diagnoses. Several methodological flaws emerged, but overall psychodynamic interventions showed promising results at the end of treatment and follow-up, when available. CONCLUSIONS The body of literature on psychodynamic treatments is sparse and sometimes methodologically questionable; nevertheless, current data provide support to the effectiveness of these interventions, particularly for AN. However, both a defined approach (focus, themes, and techniques) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are warranted to clarify the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Abbate-Daga
- Department of Neuroscience, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Enrica Marzola
- Department of Neuroscience, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Amianto
- Department of Neuroscience, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Secondo Fassino
- Department of Neuroscience, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Poenaru L. Le socle biologique de la psychanalyse. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
50
|
Lauffenburger SK. Demonized body, demonized feelings: languaging the affective body. BODY MOVEMENT AND DANCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17432979.2016.1177796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|