1
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Hakami ZH. Biomarker discovery and validation for gastrointestinal tumors: A comprehensive review of colorectal, gastric, and liver cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155216. [PMID: 38401376 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, encompassing gastric, hepatic, colonic, and rectal cancers, are prevalent forms of cancer globally and contribute substantially to cancer-related mortality. Although there have been improvements in methods for diagnosing and treating GI cancers, the chances of survival for these types of cancers are still extremely low. According to the World Cancer Research International Fund's most recent figures, stomach cancer was responsible for roughly one million deaths worldwide in 2020. This emphasizes the importance of developing more effective tools for detecting, diagnosing, and predicting the outcome of these cancers at an early stage. Biomarkers, quantitative indications of biological processes or disease states, have emerged as promising techniques for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of GI malignancies. Recently, there has been a considerable endeavor to discover and authenticate biomarkers for various GI cancers by the utilization of diverse methodologies, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This review provides a thorough examination of the current state of biomarker research in the field of gastrointestinal malignancies, with a specific emphasis on colorectal, stomach, and liver cancers. A thorough literature search was performed on prominent databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find pertinent papers published until November, 2023 for the purpose of compiling this review. The diverse categories of biomarkers, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and protein-based biomarkers, and their potential utility in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection, are explored. Recent progress in identifying and confirming biomarkers, as well as the obstacles that persist in employing biomarkers in clinical settings are emphasized. The utilization of biomarkers in GI cancers has significant potential in enhancing patient outcomes. Ongoing research is expected to uncover more efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki H Hakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Órdenes P, Carril Pardo C, Elizondo-Vega R, Oyarce K. Current Research on Molecular Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer in Stool Samples. BIOLOGY 2023; 13:15. [PMID: 38248446 PMCID: PMC10813333 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide, with a high incidence and mortality rate when diagnosed late. Currently, the methods used in healthcare to diagnose CRC are the fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. However, the lack of sensitivity and specificity and low population adherence are driving the need to implement other technologies that can identify biomarkers that not only help with early CRC detection but allow for the selection of more personalized treatment options. In this regard, the implementation of omics technologies, which can screen large pools of biological molecules, coupled with molecular validation, stands out as a promising tool for the discovery of new biomarkers from biopsied tissues or body fluids. This review delves into the current state of the art in the identification of novel CRC biomarkers that can distinguish cancerous tissue, specifically from fecal samples, as this could be the least invasive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Órdenes
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (P.Ó.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Claudio Carril Pardo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (P.Ó.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
| | - Karina Oyarce
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (P.Ó.); (C.C.P.)
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3
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Li X, Feng J, Wang Z, Liu G, Wang F. Features of combined gut bacteria and fungi from a Chinese cohort of colorectal cancer, colorectal adenoma, and post-operative patients. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236583. [PMID: 37614602 PMCID: PMC10443710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for the third highest morbidity burden among malignant tumors worldwide. Previous studies investigated gut microbiome changes that occur during colorectal adenomas (CRA) progression to overt CRC, thus highlighting the importance of the gut microbiome in carcinogenesis. However, few studies have examined gut microbiome characteristics across the entire spectrum, from CRC development to treatment. The study used 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing to compare the composition of gut bacteria and fungi in a Chinese cohort of healthy controls (HC), CRC patients, CRA patients, and CRC postoperative patients (PP). Our analysis showed that beta diversity was significantly different among the four groups based on the gut bacterial and fungal data. A total of 51 species of bacteria and 8 species of fungi were identified in the HC, CRA, CRC, and PP groups. Correlation networks for both the gut bacteria and fungi in HC vs. CRA, HC vs. CRC, and HC vs. PP indicated some hub bacterial and fungal genera in each model, and the correlation between bacterial and fungal data indicated that a highly significant negative correlation exists among groups. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis in a large cohort of HC, CRC, CRA, and PP patients demonstrated a significantly increasing trend of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the feces of CRC patients than that of HC patients (p < 0.01). However, the abundance levels of CRA and PP were significantly lower in HC patients than those in CRC patients. Further studies are required to identify the functional consequences of the altered bacterial/fungal composition on metabolism and CRC tumorigenesis in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Jiahui Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhanggui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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4
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Dregelies T, Haumaier F, Sterlacci W, Backert S, Vieth M. Detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Patients with Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:293. [PMID: 37468740 PMCID: PMC10356651 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is supposed to play a critical role in the development of colorectal cancer. The species has also been associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) that can progress into colorectal cancer, however, the involvement of bacteria in this process remains unclear. We analysed 177 colon biopsies obtained from patients during screening, including 20 healthy controls, 56 UC cases and 69 cases at different stages of progression to colitis-associated cancer (CAC); 32 samples of sporadic colorectal carcinoma (sCRC) were also included. The presence of F. nucleatum was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Our data show an association between the presence of the bacteria and the progression of carcinogenesis in UC patients. In 39.5% of CAC samples F. nucleatum was detected, compared to only 1.8% in UC cases. The bacteria were detected in 6.3% of samples with initial neoplastic transformation, so-called low-grade dysplasia (LGD), whereas high-grade dysplasia (HGD) resulted in 33.3% of samples positive for F. nucleatum. The fraction of F. nucleatum-positive samples from sCRC cases was 56.3%, which was not significantly different to the CAC group. We conclude that F. nucleatum is associated with the occurrence and progression of colon carcinogenesis, rather than with UC itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Dregelies
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Institut für Pathologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Str. 101, 95445, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Franziska Haumaier
- Institut für Pathologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Str. 101, 95445, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - William Sterlacci
- Institut für Pathologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Str. 101, 95445, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institut für Pathologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Str. 101, 95445, Bayreuth, Germany.
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5
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Wong CC, Yu J. Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer development and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023:10.1038/s41571-023-00766-x. [PMID: 37169888 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers globally. A unique aspect of CRC is its intimate association with the gut microbiota, which forms an essential part of the tumour microenvironment. Research over the past decade has established that dysbiosis of gut bacteria, fungi, viruses and Archaea accompanies colorectal tumorigenesis, and these changes might be causative. Data from mechanistic studies demonstrate the ability of the gut microbiota to interact with the colonic epithelia and immune cells of the host via the release of a diverse range of metabolites, proteins and macromolecules that regulate CRC development. Preclinical and some clinical evidence also underscores the role of the gut microbiota in modifying the therapeutic responses of patients with CRC to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Herein, we summarize our current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in CRC and outline the potential translational and clinical implications for CRC diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Emphasis is placed on how the gut microbiota could now be better harnessed by developing targeted microbial therapeutics as chemopreventive agents against colorectal tumorigenesis, as adjuvants for chemotherapy and immunotherapy to boost drug efficacy and safety, and as non-invasive biomarkers for CRC screening and patient stratification. Finally, we highlight the hurdles and potential solutions to translating our knowledge of the gut microbiota into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Crosstalk between mucosal microbiota, host gene expression, and sociomedical factors in the progression of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13447. [PMID: 35927305 PMCID: PMC9352898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Various omics-based biomarkers related to the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been identified. In this study, we attempted to identify gut microbiome-based biomarkers and detect their association with host gene expression in the initiation and progression of CRC by integrating analysis of the gut mucosal metagenome, RNA sequencing, and sociomedical factors. We performed metagenome and RNA sequencing on colonic mucosa samples from 13 patients with advanced CRC (ACRC), 10 patients with high-risk adenoma (HRA), and 7 normal control (NC) individuals. All participants completed a questionnaire on sociomedical factors. The interaction and correlation between changes in the microbiome and gene expression were assessed using bioinformatic analysis. When comparing HRA and NC samples, which can be considered to represent the process of tumor initiation, 28 genes and five microbiome species were analyzed with correlation plots. When comparing ACRC and HRA samples, which can be considered to represent the progression of CRC, seven bacterial species and 21 genes were analyzed. When comparing ACRC and NC samples, 16 genes and five bacterial species were analyzed, and four correlation plots were generated. A network visualizing the relationship between bacterial and host gene expression in the initiation and progression of CRC indicated that Clostridium spiroforme and Tyzzerella nexilis were hub bacteria in the development and progression of CRC. Our study revealed the interactions of and correlation between the colonic mucosal microbiome and host gene expression to identify potential roles of the microbiome in the initiation and progression of CRC. Our results provide gut microbiome-based biomarkers that may be potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in patients with CRC.
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Yamaoka Y, Sasai M, Suehiro Y, Hashimoto S, Goto A, Yamamoto N, Suzuki N, Higaki S, Fujii I, Suzuki C, Matsumoto T, Hoshida T, Koga M, Tsutsumi T, Lim LA, Matsubara Y, Tomochika S, Yoshida S, Hazama S, Yotsuyanagi H, Nagano H, Sakaida I, Takami T, Yamasaki T. Comparison of two primer-probe sets of Fusobacterium nucleatum using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for the detection of colorectal neoplasia from faecal samples. Ann Clin Biochem 2022; 59:396-403. [PMID: 35821582 DOI: 10.1177/00045632221115559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although faecal DNA testing of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is expected to be useful for colorectal neoplasia detection, there is no standardized quantification method of Fn. We performed this study to establish a possible standardized method. METHODS In this study, 322 participants including 71 subjects without colorectal neoplasia (control group), 31 patients with non-advanced colorectal adenoma, 93 patients with advanced colorectal adenoma, and 127 patients with colorectal cancer were enrolled. Faecal Fn were quantified by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) using two PCR primer-probe sets reported previously that are tentatively named Fn1 and Fn2. Fn1 has been used in ddPCR by us and Fn2 has been widely used in quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The Fn copy number using Fn1 was five times higher than that using Fn2, with a linear relationship shown between them. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the area under the curve (AUC) to be almost the same between Fn1 and Fn2 in discriminating between the control group and the colorectal cancer group (AUC = 0.81 and 0.81, respectively), and between the control/non-advanced colorectal adenoma group and the advanced colorectal adenoma/colorectal cancer group (AUC = 0.74 and 0.74, respectively). CONCLUSIONS As the diagnostic performance was quite similar between Fn1 and Fn2, ddPCR-based Fn testing using Fn1 and Fn2 could be a possible standardized method for a colorectal neoplasia screening test, considering that Fn levels quantified by Fn1 are about five times higher than those by Fn2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Mai Sasai
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Japan.,Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suehiro
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shingo Higaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Hill Hospital, Ube, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hoshida
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Japan
| | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Advanced Clinical Research Centre, The Institute of Medical Science, 26430The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Advanced Clinical Research Centre, The Institute of Medical Science, 26430The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lay A Lim
- Department of General Medicine, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Matsubara
- Department of General Medicine, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tomochika
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shin Yoshida
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics Against Cancer, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Advanced Clinical Research Centre, The Institute of Medical Science, 26430The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Hill Hospital, Ube, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Japan.,Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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8
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Fusobacterium Nucleatum Is a Risk Factor for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:538-547. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Villar-Ortega P, Expósito-Ruiz M, Gutiérrez-Soto M, Ruiz-Cabello Jiménez M, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. The association between Fusobacterium nucleatum and cancer colorectal: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 40:224-234. [PMID: 35256335 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiological factors of colorectal cancer (CRC) are not precisely known, although genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. A possible association with Fusobacterium nucleatum may provide opportunities for an early diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To review studies that address the association between F. nucleatum and CRC. METHODS The MEDLINE PubMed database was searched using the terms «colorectal cancer» and "Fusobacterium nucleatum", retrieving publications published up to January 1 2020. Stata software was used for a meta-analysis. RESULTS The systematic review included 57 articles. Meta-analysis results indicated a more frequent presence of F. nucleatum in CRC tumour tissue samples in comparison to control samples of healthy tissue, with an odds ratio of 4.558 (95% CI: 3.312-6.272), and in comparison, to control samples of colorectal adenomas, with an odds ratio of 3.244 (95 % CI: 2.359-4.462). CONCLUSION There is a more frequent resence of F. nucleatum in the CRC. However, further studies are needed to verify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Villar-Ortega
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada-Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria-ibs-Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuela Expósito-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioestadística de FIBAO, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria-ibs-Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ruiz-Cabello Jiménez
- UGC de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria-ibs-Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria-ibs-Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada-Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria-ibs-Granada, Granada, Spain; Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria-ibs-Granada, Granada, Spain.
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10
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Investigation of Fusobacterium Nucleatum in saliva and colorectal mucosa: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5622. [PMID: 35379861 PMCID: PMC8979950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As evidence has been linking the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) to colorectal tumorigenesis, we aimed to produce preliminary data on the expression of F. nucleatum in both oral and colorectal body sites in cases diagnosed with colorectal neoplasms (CRN) and CRN-free controls. We conducted a pilot hospital-based case-control study among patients who underwent colonoscopy examination. Saliva samples and biopsies from healthy colon mucosa from CRN cases and CRN-free controls, and from tumors in cases, were collected, as well as data on periodontal condition and potential CRN risk factors. A total of 22 CRN cases and 21 CRN-free controls participated in this study, with a total of 135 biospecimens collected and analyzed by qPCR for detection and quantification of F. nucleatum. The detection rate of F. nucleatum was 95% in saliva samples and 18% in colorectal mucosa specimens. The median (95% CI) salivary F. nucleatum level was 0.35 (0.15-0.82) and 0.12 (0.05-0.65) in case and control groups, respectively, with a Spearman correlation of 0.64 (95% CI 0.2-0.94) between F. nucleatum level in saliva and healthy colorectal mucosa in controls. Our study results support the need for and the feasibility of further studies that aim to investigate the association between oral and colorectal levels of F. nucleatum in CRN cases and controls.Clinical Relevance: Considering the current evidence linking F. nucleatum to colorectal carcinogenesis, investigating the role of oral F. nucleatum expression in its colorectal enrichment is crucial for colorectal cancer screening and prevention avenues.
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Li R, Shen J, Xu Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Colorectal Cancer. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1115-1120. [PMID: 35321079 PMCID: PMC8937307 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s357922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jilu Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuanhong Xu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13505694447, Email
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12
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Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020852. [PMID: 35055034 PMCID: PMC8776048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Less than half of cases are diagnosed when the cancer is locally advanced. CRC is a heterogenous disease associated with a number of genetic or somatic mutations. Diagnostic markers are used for risk stratification and early detection, which might prolong overall survival. Nowadays, the widespread use of semi-invasive endoscopic methods and feacal blood tests characterised by suboptimal accuracy of diagnostic results has led to the detection of cases at later stages. New molecular noninvasive tests based on the detection of CRC alterations seem to be more sensitive and specific then the current methods. Therefore, research aiming at identifying molecular markers, such as DNA, RNA and proteins, would improve survival rates and contribute to the development of personalized medicine. The identification of “ideal” diagnostic biomarkers, having high sensitivity and specificity, being safe, cheap and easy to measure, remains a challenge. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advances in novel diagnostic biomarkers for tumor tissue, blood and stool samples in CRC patients.
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Accuracy and Clinical Relevance of Intra-Tumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum Detection in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Tissue by Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) in Colorectal Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12010114. [PMID: 35054281 PMCID: PMC8775036 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to identify and quantify low-abundance targets is a significant advantage for accurately detecting potentially oncogenic bacteria. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis and is becoming an important prognostic biomarker. We evaluated the detection accuracy and clinical relevance of Fn DNA by ddPCR in a molecularly characterized, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) CRC cohort previously analyzed by qPCR for Fn levels. Following a ddPCR assay optimization and an analytical evaluation, Fn DNA were measured in 139 CRC FFPE cases. The measures of accuracy for Fn status compared to the prior results generated by qPCR and the association with clinicopathological and molecular patients’ features were also evaluated. The ddPCR-based Fn assay was sensitive and specific to positive controls. Fn DNA were detected in 20.1% of cases and further classified as Fn-high and Fn-low/negative, according to the median amount of Fn DNA that were detected in all cases and associated with the patient’s worst prognosis. There was a low agreement between the Fn status determined by ddPCR and qPCR (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.210). Our findings show that ddPCR can detect and quantify Fn in FFPE tumor tissues and highlights its clinical relevance in Fn detection in a routine CRC setting.
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14
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Mohammadi M, Mirzaei H, Motallebi M. The role of anaerobic bacteria in the development and prevention of colorectal cancer: A review study. Anaerobe 2021; 73:102501. [PMID: 34906686 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in both males and females in the Unites States. Colonoscopy is considered a safe method for screening this disorder; however, it can be challenging for patients. As research on microbiota, especially anaerobic microbiota, has expanded substantially, new links have been determined between anaerobic bacteria and CRC progression. These associations can be useful in screening CRC in the near future. This review discusses current research investigating the presence of anaerobic bacteria, including Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Clostridium septicum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Parvimonas micra in CRC and presents an overview about their mechanisms of action. We also discuss the current anaerobic probiotics used for the treatment and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mitra Motallebi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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15
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Duijster JW, Franz E, Neefjes J, Mughini-Gras L. Bacterial and Parasitic Pathogens as Risk Factors for Cancers in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review of Current Epidemiological Knowledge. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:790256. [PMID: 34956157 PMCID: PMC8692736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic potential of viral infections is well established and documented for many years already. However, the contribution of (commensal) bacteria and parasites to the development and progression of cancers has only recently gained momentum, resulting in a rapid growth of publications on the topic. Indeed, various bacteria and parasites have been suggested to play a role in the development of gastrointestinal cancer in particular. Therefore, an overview of the current epidemiological knowledge on the association between infections with bacteria and parasites and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract is needed. In this review, we summarized the methodological characteristics and main results of epidemiological studies investigating the association of 10 different bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Salmonella Typhi, and Streptococcus spp.) and three parasites (Cryptosporidium spp., Schistosoma spp., and Strongyloides stercoralis) with gastrointestinal cancer. While the large body of studies based on microbiome sequencing provides valuable insights into the relative abundance of different bacterial taxa in cancer patients as compared to individuals with pre-malignant conditions or healthy controls, more research is needed to fulfill Koch's postulates, possibly making use of follow-up data, to assess the complex role of bacterial and parasitic infections in cancer epidemiology. Studies incorporating follow-up time between detection of the bacterium or parasite and cancer diagnosis remain valuable as these allow for estimation of cause-effect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke W. Duijster
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eelco Franz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lapo Mughini-Gras
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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16
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Olmedillas-López S, Olivera-Salazar R, García-Arranz M, García-Olmo D. Current and Emerging Applications of Droplet Digital PCR in Oncology: An Updated Review. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 26:61-87. [PMID: 34773243 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the era of personalized medicine and targeted therapies for the management of patients with cancer, ultrasensitive detection methods for tumor genotyping, such as next-generation sequencing or droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), play a significant role. In the search for less invasive strategies for diagnosis, prognosis and disease monitoring, the number of publications regarding liquid biopsy approaches using ddPCR has increased substantially in recent years. There is a long list of malignancies in which ddPCR provides a reliable and accurate tool for detection of nucleic acid-based markers derived from cell-free DNA, cell-free RNA, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles or exosomes when isolated from whole blood, plasma and serum, helping to anticipate tumor relapse or unveil intratumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution in response to treatment. This updated review describes recent developments in ddPCR platforms and provides a general overview about the major applications of liquid biopsy in blood, including its utility for molecular response and minimal residual disease monitoring in hematological malignancies or the therapeutic management of patients with colorectal or lung cancer, particularly for the selection and monitoring of treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Although plasma is the main source of genetic material for tumor genomic profiling, liquid biopsy by ddPCR is being investigated in a wide variety of biologic fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stool, ocular fluids, sputum, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleural effusion, mucin, peritoneal fluid, fine needle aspirate, bile or pancreatic juice. The present review focuses on these "alternative" sources of genetic material and their analysis by ddPCR in different kinds of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Olmedillas-López
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Olivera-Salazar
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Zou J, Xiao Z, Wu Y, Yang J, Cui N. Noninvasive fecal testing for colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 524:123-131. [PMID: 34756863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide, with the second highest mortality rate among all malignancies. In this review, we describe the current utility of stool diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. METHODS We reviewed stool-related tests and biomarker candidates for the diagnosis of CRC. The guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT), fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and multitarget stool DNA test (MT-sDNA) have been used as clinical CRC screening tools. Although microRNAs, protein biomarkers, and microbiota have not yet been used in clinical CRC screening, there is growing evidence that they have the potential to function as CRC screening tools. RESULTS According to the literature, the sensitivity of MT-sDNA for detecting CRC was 87.0-100%, 32.7-82.0% for advanced adenomas, and the specificity was 86.1-95.2%. The sensitivity of individual biomarkers of fecal microRNAs for detecting CRC was 34.2-88.2%, 73.0% for advanced adenomas, and the specificity was 68-100%. The sensitivity of fecal protein markers for detecting CRC was 63.6-93.0%, 47.7-69.4% for advanced adenomas, and the specificity was 38.3-97.5%. The sensitivity of fecal microbiota for detecting CRC was 54.0-100.0%, 32.0-48.3% for advanced adenomas, and the specificity was 61.3-90.0%. CONCLUSION MT-sDNA is the most sensitive CRC screening test, and its sensitivity is the highest for advanced adenomas; however, its detection cost is high. MT-sDNA was more sensitive to CRC and advanced precancerous lesions than FIT, but compared to three years of MT-sDNA, annual FIT as the first non-invasive screening test for CRC seemed to be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zou
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanshuo Xiao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guanganmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingyan Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Cui
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Wang S, Liu Y, Li J, Zhao L, Yan W, Lin B, Guo X, Wei Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum Acts as a Pro-carcinogenic Bacterium in Colorectal Cancer: From Association to Causality. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710165. [PMID: 34490259 PMCID: PMC8417943 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer worldwide with complex etiology. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), an oral symbiotic bacterium, has been linked with CRC in the past decade. A series of gut microbiota studies show that CRC patients carry a high abundance of F. nucleatum in the tumor tissue and fecal, and etiological studies have clarified the role of F. nucleatum as a pro-carcinogenic bacterium in various stages of CRC. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of F. nucleatum and the epidemiological associations between F. nucleatum and CRC, and then highlight the mechanisms by which F. nucleatum participates in CRC progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance by affecting cancer cells or regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). We also discuss the research gap in this field and give our perspective for future studies. These findings will pave the way for manipulating gut F. nucleatum to deal with CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baiqiang Lin
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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19
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Yamamoto S, Kinugasa H, Hirai M, Terasawa H, Yasutomi E, Oka S, Ohmori M, Yamasaki Y, Inokuchi T, Harada K, Hiraoka S, Nouso K, Tanaka T, Teraishi F, Fujiwara T, Okada H. Heterogeneous distribution of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the progression of colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:1869-1876. [PMID: 33242360 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and is a biomarker for patient prognosis and management. However, the ecology of Fn in CRC and the distribution of intratumoral Fn are unknown. METHODS We evaluated Fn and the status of KRAS and BRAF in 200 colorectal neoplasms (118 adenomas and 82 cancers) and 149 matched adjacent normal mucosas. The differentiation status between "surface" and "deep" areas of cancer tissue and matched normal mucosa were analyzed in 46 surgical samples; the Ki-67 index was also evaluated in these samples. RESULTS Fusobacterium nucleatum presence in the tumor increased according to pathological stage (5.9% [adenoma] to 81.8% [stage III/IV]), while Fn presence in normal mucosa also increased (7.6% [adenoma] to 40.9% [stage III/IV]). The detection rates of Fn on the tumor surface and in deep areas were 45.7% and 32.6%, while that of normal mucosa were 26.1% and 23.9%, respectively. Stage III/IV tumors showed high Fn surface area expression (66.7%). Fn intratumoral heterogeneity (34.8%) was higher than that of KRAS (4.3%; P < 0.001) and BRAF (2.2%; P < 0.001). The Ki-67 index in Fn-positive cases was higher than that in negative cases (93.9% vs 89.0%; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Fusobacterium nucleatum was strongly present in CRC superficial areas at stage III/IV. The presence of Fn in the deep areas of adjacent normal mucosa also increased. The intratumoral heterogeneity of Fn is important in the use of Fn as a biomarker, as Fn is associated with CRC proliferative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kinugasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mami Hirai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Terasawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eriko Yasutomi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shohei Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masayasu Ohmori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inokuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keita Harada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sakiko Hiraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nouso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fuminori Teraishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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20
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The dysbiosis signature of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer-cause or consequences? A systematic review. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:194. [PMID: 33823861 PMCID: PMC8025348 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer globally and the fourth attributable cause of mortality and morbidity due to cancer. An emerging factor contributing to CRC is the gut microbiota and the cellular changes associated with it. Further insights on this may help in the prevention, diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches to colorectal cancer. In most cases of CRC, genetic factors appear to contribute less to its aetiology than environmental and epigenetic factors; therefore, it may be important to investigate these environmental factors, their effects, and the mechanisms that may contribute to this cancer. The gut microbiota has recently been highlighted as a potential risk factor that may affect the structural components of the tumor microenvironment, as well as free radical and enzymatic metabolites directly, or indirectly. Many studies have reported changes in the gut microbiota of patients with colorectal cancer. What is controversial is whether the cancer is the cause or consequence of the change in the microbiota. There is strong evidence supporting both possibilities. The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum in human colorectal specimens has been demonstrated by RNA-sequencing. F. nucleatum has been shown to express high levels of virulence factors such as FadA, Fap2 and MORN2 proteins. Our review of the published data suggest that F. nucleatum may be a prognostic biomarker of CRC risk, and hence raises the potential of antibiotic treatment of F. nucleatum for the prevention of CRC.
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21
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Villar-Ortega P, Expósito-Ruiz M, Gutiérrez-Soto M, Ruiz-Cabello Jiménez M, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. The association between Fusobacterium nucleatum and cancer colorectal: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021; 40:S0213-005X(21)00026-4. [PMID: 33632539 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiological factors of colorectal cancer (CRC) are not precisely known, although genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. A possible association with Fusobacterium nucleatum may provide opportunities for an early diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To review studies that address the association between F. nucleatum and CRC. METHODS The MEDLINE PubMed database was searched using the terms «colorectal cancer» and «Fusobacterium nucleatum», retrieving publications published up to January 1 2020. Stata software was used for a meta-analysis. RESULTS The systematic review included 57 articles. Meta-analysis results indicated a more frequent presence of F. nucleatum in CRC tumor tissue samples in comparison to control samples of healthy tissue, with an odds ratio of 4.558 (95% CI: 3.312-6.272), and in comparison, to control samples of colorectal adenomas, with an odds ratio of 3.244 (95% CI: 2.359-4.462). CONCLUSION There is a more frequent presence of F. nucleatum in the CRC. However, further studies are needed to verify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Villar-Ortega
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada-Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria-ibs-Granada, Granada, España
| | - Manuela Expósito-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioestadística de FIBAO. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria-ibs-Granada, Granada, España
| | | | - Miguel Ruiz-Cabello Jiménez
- UGC de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria-ibs-Granada, Granada, España
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria-ibs-Granada, Granada, España
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada-Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria-ibs-Granada, Granada, España; Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria-ibs-Granada, Granada, España.
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22
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Wilmanski T, Rappaport N, Diener C, Gibbons SM, Price ND. From taxonomy to metabolic output: what factors define gut microbiome health? Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-20. [PMID: 33890557 PMCID: PMC8078686 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1907270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies link the composition of the human gut microbiome to aberrant health states. However, our understanding of what constitutes a 'healthy' gut ecosystem, and how to effectively monitor and maintain it, are only now emerging. Here, we review current approaches to defining and monitoring gut microbiome health, and outline directions for developing targeted ecological therapeutics. We emphasize the importance of identifying which ecological features of the gut microbiome are most resonant with host molecular phenotypes, and highlight certain gut microbial metabolites as potential biomarkers of gut microbiome health. We further discuss how multi-omic measurements of host phenotypes, dietary information, and gut microbiome profiles can be integrated into increasingly sophisticated host-microbiome mechanistic models that can be leveraged to design personalized interventions. Overall, we summarize current progress on defining microbiome health and highlight a number of paths forward for engineering the ecology of the gut to promote wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sean M. Gibbons
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan D. Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Onegevity Health, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Zhao Y, Wang C, Goel A. Role of gut microbiota in epigenetic regulation of colorectal Cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188490. [PMID: 33321173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The stepwise accumulation of epigenetic alterations in the normal colorectal epithelium has been reported to act as a driving force for the initiation and promotion of tumorigenesis in CRC. From a mechanistic standpoint, emerging evidence indicates that within the colorectal epithelium, the diverse gut microbiota can interact with host cells to regulate multiple physiological processes. In fact, recent studies have found that the gut microbiota represents a potential cause of carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastasis via DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs - providing an epigenetic perspective for the connection between the gut microbiota and CRC. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent research that provides a comprehensive yet succinct evidence connecting the gut microbiota to CRC at an epigenetic level, including carcinogenic mechanisms of cancer-related microbiota, and the potential for utilizing the gut microbiota as CRC biomarkers. These scientific findings highlight a promising future for manipulating the gut microbiota to improve clinical outcomes in patients suffering from CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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24
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Liu Y, Baba Y, Ishimoto T, Tsutsuki H, Zhang T, Nomoto D, Okadome K, Yamamura K, Harada K, Eto K, Hiyoshi Y, Iwatsuki M, Nagai Y, Iwagami S, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Komohara Y, Ohmuraya M, Wang X, Ajani JA, Sawa T, Baba H. Fusobacterium nucleatum confers chemoresistance by modulating autophagy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:963-974. [PMID: 33299132 PMCID: PMC7921654 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a gut microbe implicated in gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. Predicting the chemotherapeutic response is critical to developing personalised therapeutic strategies for oesophageal cancer patients. The present study investigated the relationship between F. nucleatum and chemotherapeutic resistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods We examined the relationship between F. nucleatum and chemotherapy response in 120 ESCC resected specimens and 30 pre-treatment biopsy specimens. In vitro studies using ESCC cell lines and co-culture assays further uncovered the mechanism underlying chemotherapeutic resistance. Results ESCC patients with F. nucleatum infection displayed lesser chemotherapeutic response. The infiltration and subsistence of F. nucleatum in the ESCC cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. We also observed that F. nucleatum modulates the endogenous LC3 and ATG7 expression, as well as autophagosome formation to induce chemoresistance against 5-FU, CDDP, and Docetaxel. ATG7 knockdown resulted in reversal of F. nucleatum-induced chemoresistance. In addition, immunohistochemical studies confirmed the correlation between F. nucleatum infection and ATG7 expression in 284 ESCC specimens. Conclusions F. nucleatum confers chemoresistance to ESCC cells by modulating autophagy. These findings suggest that targeting F. nucleatum, during chemotherapy, could result in variable therapeutic outcomes for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Second Oncology Department, Shengjing Hospital affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Next-Generation Surgical Therapy Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tianli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daichi Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okadome
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Eto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Radiology Department, Shengjing Hospital affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. .,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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25
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Datorre JG, de Carvalho AC, Guimarães DP, Reis RM. The Role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Pathobiology 2020; 88:127-140. [PMID: 33291114 DOI: 10.1159/000512175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent and deadly neoplasms worldwide. Genetic factors, lifestyle habits, and inflammation are important risk factors associated with CRC development. In recent years, growing evidence has supporting the significant role of the intestinal microbiome in CRC carcinogenesis. Disturbances in the healthy microbial balance, known as dysbiosis, are frequently observed in these patients. Pathogenic microorganisms that induce intestinal dysbiosis have become an important target to determine the role of bacterial infection in tumorigenesis. Interestingly, the presence of different bacterial strains, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, has been detected in tissue and stool from patients with CRC and associated with substantial clinical and molecular features, as well as with patient therapy response. Therefore, understanding how the presence and levels of F. nucleatumstrains in the gut affect the risk of CRC onset and progression may inform suitable candidates for interventions focused on modulation of this bacteria. Here we review new insights into the role of gut microbiota in CRC carcinogenesis and the clinical utility of using the detection of F. nucleatum in different settings such as screening, prognosis, and microbiota modulation as a means to prevent cancer, augment therapies, and reduce adverse effects of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denise Peixoto Guimarães
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Department of Prevention, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil, .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal,
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26
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Keane JM, Joyce SA, Gahan CGM, Hyland NP, Houston A. Microbial Metabolites as Molecular Mediators of Host-Microbe Symbiosis in Colorectal Cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ 2020; 69:581-603. [PMID: 33263888 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The symbiosis between the gut microbiota and the host has been identified as an integral part of normal human physiology and physiological development. Research in germ-free or gnotobiotic animals has demonstrated the importance of this symbiosis in immune, vascular, hepatic, respiratory and metabolic systems. Disruption of the microbiota can also contribute to disease, and the microbiota has been implicated in numerous intestinal and extra-intestinal pathologies including colorectal cancer. Interactions between host and microbiota can occur either directly or indirectly, via microbial-derived metabolites. In this chapter, we focus on two major products of microbial metabolism, short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, and their role in colorectal cancer. Short-chain fatty acids are the products of microbial fermentation of complex carbohydrates and confer protection against cancer risk, while bile acids are compounds which are endogenous to the host, but undergo microbial modification in the large intestine leading to alterations in their bioactivity. Lastly, we discuss the ability of microbial modulation to mediate cancer risk and the potential to harness this ability as a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Keane
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S A Joyce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C G M Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - N P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - A Houston
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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27
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Janati AI, Karp I, Laprise C, Sabri H, Emami E. Detection of Fusobaterium nucleatum in feces and colorectal mucosa as a risk factor for colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2020; 9:276. [PMID: 33272322 PMCID: PMC7716586 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of colorectal infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a systematic review, including both a qualitative synthesis and a meta-analysis, to synthesize the evidence from the epidemiological literature on the association between F. nucleatum detection in the colon/rectum and CRC. METHODS A systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(R), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, EBM Reviews-Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text was conducted using earliest inclusive dates up to 4 October 2020. Eligible studies were original, comparative observational studies that reported results on colorectal F. nucleatum detection and CRC. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant information. Odds ratio (OR) estimates were pooled across studies using the random effects model. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to critically appraise study quality. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic review, of which 12 were included in the meta-analysis. Studies investigated F. nucleatum in feces, colorectal tissue samples, or both. In most studies included in the systematic review, the load of F. nucleatum was higher, on average, in specimens from CRC patients than in those from CRC-free controls. Meta-analysis showed a positive association between F. nucleatum detection in colorectal specimens and CRC (OR = 8.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.2 to 13.0). CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review suggest that F. nucleatum in the colon/rectum is associated with CRC. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This systematic review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on July 10, 2018 (registration number CRD42018095866).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Karp
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Claudie Laprise
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Hisham Sabri
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Elham Emami
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada.
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28
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Huh JW, Roh TY. Opportunistic detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum as a marker for the early gut microbial dysbiosis. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:208. [PMID: 32660414 PMCID: PMC7359021 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The essential roles of gut microbiome have been emphasized in modulating human health and disease. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), an obligate Gram-negative microorganism residing in oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and elsewhere, has been recently considered as a potential oncobacterium associated with human cancers. However, the consequence of its enrichment was not extensively explored in terms of microbial homeostasis and stability at the early stage of disease development. Result Our analysis on longitudinal metagenomic data generated by the Integrative Human Microbiome Project (iHMP) showed that F. nucleatum was frequently found in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) subjects with reduced microbial diversity. Using non-parametric logarithmic linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) algorithm, 12 IBD- and 14 non-IBD-specific bacterial species were identified in the fecal metagenome and the IBD-specific ones were over-represented in the F. nucleatum-experienced subjects during long-term surveillance. In addition, F. nucleatum experience severely abrogated intra-personal stability of microbiome in IBD patients and induced highly variable gut microbiome between subjects. From the longitudinal comparison between microbial distributions prior and posterior to F. nucleatum detection, 41 species could be proposed as indicative “classifiers” for dysbiotic gut state. By multiple logistic regression models established on these classifiers, the high probability of experiencing F. nucleatum was significantly correlated with decreased alpha-diversity and increased number of biomarker species for IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC). Finally, microbial clustering confirmed that biomarker species for IBD and non-IBD conditions as well as CRC signature markers were well distinguishable and could be utilized for explaining gut symbiosis and dysbiosis. Conclusion F. nucleatum opportunistically appeared under early dysbiotic condition in gut, and discriminative classifier species associated with F. nucleatum were successfully applied to predict microbial alterations in both IBD and non-IBD conditions. Our prediction model and microbial classifier biomarkers for estimating gut dysbiosis should provide a novel aspect of microbial homeostasis/dynamics and useful information on non-invasive biomarker screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Huh
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,SysGenLab Inc, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Lamichhane P, Maiolini M, Alnafoosi O, Hussein S, Alnafoosi H, Umbela S, Richardson T, Alla N, Lamichhane N, Subhadra B, Deshmukh RR. Colorectal Cancer and Probiotics: Are Bugs Really Drugs? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051162. [PMID: 32380712 PMCID: PMC7281248 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. There are many factors that predispose a patient to the disease such as age, family history, ethnicity, and lifestyle. There are different genetic factors and diseases that also increase a person’s risk for developing CRC. Studies have found associations between gut microbiome and the risk for developing versus protection against CRC. Normal gut microbiome aid in daily functions of the human body such as absorption, metabolism, detoxification, and regulation of inflammation. While some species of bacteria prevent CRC development and aid in therapeutic responses to various treatment regiments, other species seem to promote CRC pathogenesis. In this regard, many studies have been conducted to not only understand the biology behind these opposing different bacterial species; but also to determine if supplementation of these tumor opposing bacterial species as probiotics lends toward decreased risk of CRC development and improved therapeutic responses in patients with CRC. In this literature review, we aim to discuss the basics on colorectal cancer (epidemiology, risk factors, targets, treatments), discuss associations between different bacterial strains and CRC, and discuss probiotics and their roles in CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgan Maiolini
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Omar Alnafoosi
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Sedra Hussein
- Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| | - Hasan Alnafoosi
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Stewart Umbela
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Tayanna Richardson
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Nevien Alla
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Narottam Lamichhane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Bobban Subhadra
- BIOM Pharmaceuticals, 2203 Industrial Blvd, Sarasota, FL 34234, USA;
| | - Rahul R. Deshmukh
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Chen S, Su T, Zhang Y, Lee A, He J, Ge Q, Wang L, Si J, Zhuo W, Wang L. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by modulating KRT7-AS/KRT7. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:511-525. [PMID: 31910722 PMCID: PMC7524269 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1695494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been identified in CRC patients and associated with worse outcomes. However, whether Fn was involved in the metastasis of CRC was not well determined. Here, we found that the abundance of Fn was significantly increased in CRC patients with lymph nodes metastasis. To further clarify the role of Fn in CRC metastasis, we performed transwell and wound healing assays after incubating CRC cell lines with or without Fn and injected Fn-treated or untreated CRC cells into nude mice via tail vein. The results indicated that Fn infection promoted CRC cells migration in vitro, as well as lung metastasis in vivo. Interestingly, colonization of Fn was detected in metastatic lung lesions of nude mice by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and validation study revealed that Fn significantly upregulated the expression of long non-coding RNA Keratin7-antisense (KRT7-AS) and Keratin7 (KRT7) in CRC cells. Importantly, Fn-induced CRC lung metastasis was attenuated by the depletion of KRT7-AS. In addition, KRT7-AS facilitated CRC cells migration by upregulating KRT7. Subsequently, we found that NF-κB signaling pathway was involved in the upregulation of KRT7-AS upon Fn infection. In conclusion, Fn infection upregulated KRT7-AS/KRT7 by activating NF-κB pathway, which promoted CRC cell migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Allen Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiamin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiwei Ge
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China,Jianmin Si Sir Run Run Shaw hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China,Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China,Wei Zhuo Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangjing Wang
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China,CONTACT Liangjing Wang Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Zorron Cheng Tao Pu L, Yamamoto K, Honda T, Nakamura M, Yamamura T, Hattori S, Burt AD, Singh R, Hirooka Y, Fujishiro M. Microbiota profile is different for early and invasive colorectal cancer and is consistent throughout the colon. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:433-437. [PMID: 31609493 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Microbiota have been associated with several diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to evaluate the microbiota in early/invasive CRC utilizing stool and cytological brushes to determine differences in relative abundance (RA). METHODS Colonoscopy patients referred for endoscopic submucosal dissection or previous to CRC surgery were prospectively enrolled. Stool was collected pre-bowel preparation; and brush samples were taken during colonoscopy (three regions). DNA extraction, 16S rRNA next generation sequencing, and biostatistics (qiime and stamp software packages) followed. Primary outcome was the difference in RA of the Fusobacterium genus between the groups. Secondary outcomes included analyses of other microbiota. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were included, of which 14 had invasive cancer (≥ 1000 mm into the submucosa). The three major genera for invasive cancer were Bacterioides, Oribacterium, and Fusobacterium, whereas for early cancer were Oribacterium, Bacterioides, and Prevotella (decreasing order of RA). There was a significantly higher RA of Fusobacterium in the invasive cancer group (9.65% vs 0.95%, respectively, P < 0.001). The RA of all genera was similar throughout the colon. In addition to Fusobacterium, the genera Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, and Sclegelella showed statistically higher RA in the invasive cancer group. Conversely, the genera Oribacterium, Desulfovibrio, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillus showed lower RA in the invasive cancer group. CONCLUSIONS The RA of Fusobacterium is higher with invasive CRC than in early CRC patients. In addition, five other bacteria genera were found to be increased, and four decreased in invasive CRC patients. The microbiota per patient was similar throughout the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Zorron Cheng Tao Pu
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamura
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shun Hattori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Alastair D Burt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rajvinder Singh
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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32
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Loktionov A. Biomarkers for detecting colorectal cancer non-invasively: DNA, RNA or proteins? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:124-148. [PMID: 32104546 PMCID: PMC7031146 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global problem affecting millions of people worldwide. This disease is unique because of its slow progress that makes it preventable and often curable. CRC symptoms usually emerge only at advanced stages of the disease, consequently its early detection can be achieved only through active population screening, which markedly reduces mortality due to this cancer. CRC screening tests that employ non-invasively detectable biomarkers are currently being actively developed and, in most cases, samples of either stool or blood are used. However, alternative biological substances that can be collected non-invasively (colorectal mucus, urine, saliva, exhaled air) have now emerged as new sources of diagnostic biomarkers. The main categories of currently explored CRC biomarkers are: (1) Proteins (comprising widely used haemoglobin); (2) DNA (including mutations and methylation markers); (3) RNA (in particular microRNAs); (4) Low molecular weight metabolites (comprising volatile organic compounds) detectable by metabolomic techniques; and (5) Shifts in gut microbiome composition. Numerous tests for early CRC detection employing such non-invasive biomarkers have been proposed and clinically studied. While some of these studies generated promising early results, very few of the proposed tests have been transformed into clinically validated diagnostic/screening techniques. Such DNA-based tests as Food and Drug Administration-approved multitarget stool test (marketed as Cologuard®) or blood test for methylated septin 9 (marketed as Epi proColon® 2.0 CE) show good diagnostic performance but remain too expensive and technically complex to become effective CRC screening tools. It can be concluded that, despite its deficiencies, the protein (haemoglobin) detection-based faecal immunochemical test (FIT) today presents the most cost-effective option for non-invasive CRC screening. The combination of non-invasive FIT and confirmatory invasive colonoscopy is the current strategy of choice for CRC screening. However, continuing intense research in the area promises the emergence of new superior non-invasive CRC screening tests that will allow the development of improved disease prevention strategies.
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33
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FadA-positive Fusobacterium nucleatum is prevalent in biopsy specimens of Iranian patients with colorectal cancer. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 34:100651. [PMID: 32025313 PMCID: PMC6997561 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum has been increasingly implicated as a causative agent of various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, the gastrointestinal tracts of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) also have been shown to be colonized by this bacterium. We aimed to determine the prevalence of F. nucleatum among CRC and non-CRC Iranian patients and to investigate potential associations between fadA-positive F. nucleatum and diagnosed CRC cases. Eighty patients admitted to two main hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were enrolled. The patients were aged between 20 and 75 and were diagnosed by a gastroenterologist. A trained surgeon used standard surgical protocols to collect two CRC biopsy samples per patient. One of the samples was used for pathologic examination, and the other was subjected to DNA extraction and PCR. Lesion colonization by F. nucleatum and expression of its major virulence factor, fadA, were investigated. The fadA-positive F. nucleatum strain was absent in all the lesions obtained from non-CRC patients. All patients with lesions that were colonized with fadA-positive F. nucleatum were diagnosed as CRC (p < 0.05); selected patients were sent for further intensive treatment. We found a significant association between the presence of F. nucleatum colonization and lesions from CRC patients (p 0.0001; odds ratio, 6.74; 95% confidence interval, 2.5–18.07). Our study confirmed colonization of the fadA-positive F. nucleatum on lesions from 80 Iranian CRC patients. New therapeutic strategies to achieve eradication of F. nucleatum are necessary for clinical management of patients suspected of having or prone to developing CRC.
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34
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Gethings-Behncke C, Coleman HG, Jordao HWT, Longley DB, Crawford N, Murray LJ, Kunzmann AT. Fusobacterium nucleatum in the Colorectum and Its Association with Cancer Risk and Survival: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:539-548. [PMID: 31915144 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome, in particular Fusobacterium nucleatum, has been reported to play a role in colorectal cancer development and in patient prognosis. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to assess the prevalence of F. nucleatum in colorectal tumors and evaluate the association between F. nucleatum and colorectal cancer development and prognosis. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published until January 2019. Random effects meta-analyses were used to assess the prevalence of F. nucleatum in patients with colorectal cancer or tissues relative to controls and survival in F. nucleatum-positive versus -negative patients. RESULTS Forty-five relevant articles were identified. Meta-analyses indicated higher odds of F. nucleatum being present in colorectal tissue samples from patients with colorectal cancer [n = 6 studies, pooled OR = 10.06; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 4.48-22.58] and individuals with colorectal polyps (n = 5 studies, pooled OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.07-3.16) compared with healthy controls. Similar results were apparent in fecal samples, and when comparing tumor with adjacent normal tissue. Meta-analyses indicated poorer survival in patients with colorectal cancer with high versus low F. nucleatum abundance (n = 5 studies, pooled HR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.12-3.11). CONCLUSIONS A consistent increase in the prevalence and/or abundance of F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer tissue and fecal samples compared with controls was apparent. High abundance of F. nucleatum in colorectal tumors was also associated with poorer overall survival. IMPACT F. nucleatum could be useful as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for colorectal cancer or as a treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Haydee W T Jordao
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nyree Crawford
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Liam J Murray
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T Kunzmann
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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35
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Establishment of a Screening Method for Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Carcinoma by Droplet Digital PCR. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120628. [PMID: 31795435 PMCID: PMC6956032 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is classified as one of the molecular subtypes of gastric cancer. We used droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to enable highly sensitive and quantitative detection of EBV. Methods: EBV-DNA load was calculated based on the copy number of the BamH1-W fragment of EBV by ddPCR, and the cut-off value of EBV-DNA load was set. We conducted both ddPCR and EBER1 ISH to examine whether their results coincided in 158 gastric cancer specimens of unknown EBV status. We prepared 26 biopsy specimens and 49 serum samples including EBVaGC and assayed them by ddPCR. Results: The median values of EBV-DNA load for EBVaGC and EBV-negative control were 17.0 and 0.00308, respectively. A cut-off value of 0.032 was determined for which the sensitivity was 1. Among the 158 gastric cancer specimens, 14 lesions were judged as EBV-positive by the 0.032 cut-off value determined by ddPCR. The results of ddPCR and EBER1 ISH were in complete agreement. Even when using a biopsy specimen as a sample for ddPCR, the EBV-DNA load of all EBVaGCs was larger than the cut-off value. Conclusions: We established a new method of diagnosing EBVaGC from tissue samples by ddPCR.
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Tarashi S, Siadat SD, Ahmadi Badi S, Zali M, Biassoni R, Ponzoni M, Moshiri A. Gut Bacteria and their Metabolites: Which One Is the Defendant for Colorectal Cancer? Microorganisms 2019; 7:E561. [PMID: 31766208 PMCID: PMC6920974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide health concern which requires efficient therapeutic strategies. The mechanisms underlying CRC remain an essential subject of investigations in the cancer biology field. The evaluation of human microbiota can be critical in this regard, since the disruption of the normal community of gut bacteria is an important issue in the development of CRC. However, several studies have already evaluated the different aspects of the association between microbiota and CRC. The current study aimed at reviewing and summarizing most of the studies on the modifications of gut bacteria detected in stool and tissue samples of CRC cases. In addition, the importance of metabolites derived from gut bacteria, their relationship with the microbiota, and epigenetic modifications have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tarashi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran; (S.T.); (S.D.S.); (S.A.B.)
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran; (S.T.); (S.D.S.); (S.A.B.)
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran; (S.T.); (S.D.S.); (S.A.B.)
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17411 Tehran, Iran;
| | - Roberto Biassoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Instituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17411 Tehran, Iran;
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
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37
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Targeting Programmed Fusobacterium nucleatum Fap2 for Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101592. [PMID: 31635333 PMCID: PMC6827134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal patients generally have the maximum counts of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in tumors and elevate colorectal adenomas and carcinomas, which show the lowest rate of human survival. Hence, F. nucleatum is a diagnostic marker of colorectal cancer (CRC). Studies demonstrated that targeting fusobacterial Fap2 or polysaccharide of the host epithelium may decrease fusobacteria count in the CRC. Attenuated F. nucleatum-Fap2 prevents transmembrane signals and inhibits tumorigenesis inducing mechanisms. Hence, in this review, we hypothesized that application of genetically programmed fusobacterium can be skillful and thus reduce fusobacterium in the CRC. Genetically programmed F. nucleatum is a promising antitumor strategy.
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38
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Lee SA, Liu F, Riordan SM, Lee CS, Zhang L. Global Investigations of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:566. [PMID: 31334107 PMCID: PMC6618585 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer and second in terms of mortality. Emerging evidence from recent studies suggests a potential role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the development of CRC. In this article, we review studies from different geographical regions examining the association between F. nucleatum and CRC, the detection methods and the tumorigenic mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss the potential clinical impact of F. nucleatum in CRC and suggest future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul A Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen M Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheok S Lee
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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39
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Yamamoto H, Imai K. An updated review of microsatellite instability in the era of next-generation sequencing and precision medicine. Semin Oncol 2019; 46:261-270. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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40
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Tunsjø HS, Gundersen G, Rangnes F, Noone JC, Endres A, Bemanian V. Detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum in stool and colonic tissues from Norwegian colorectal cancer patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1367-1376. [PMID: 31025134 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Norway has one of the world's highest incidences of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating research suggests that the intestinal microbiota may have an important role in initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. In order to evaluate microbiome-based biomarkers for non-invasive detection of CRC, the levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum and selected Escherichia coli toxin genes in stool and mucosa from a small cohort of Norwegian patients were investigated. The study cohort included 72 patients scheduled for colonoscopy. The patients were divided into three groups upon their examinations: cancer, polyp, and control groups. Levels of F. nucleatum in stool samples were significantly higher in the cancer group compared with the control group and the polyp group. High levels of F. nucleatum in stool reflected detection of F. nucleatum in the tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients. However, no difference in the levels of E. coli toxin genes in neither stool nor biopsy samples between the patient groups was observed. This study suggests that a quantitative PCR assay targeting F. nucleatum in stool samples has the potential to be included in a larger panel of biomarkers for non-invasive testing for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Smith Tunsjø
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Gro Gundersen
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Science and Medical Biochemistry, Genetic Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Fredrik Rangnes
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Science and Medical Biochemistry, Genetic Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - John Christopher Noone
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Alexander Endres
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Vahid Bemanian
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Science and Medical Biochemistry, Genetic Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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41
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Zhang X, Zhu X, Cao Y, Fang JY, Hong J, Chen H. Fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum for the diagnosis of colorectal tumor: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2019; 8:480-491. [PMID: 30636375 PMCID: PMC6382715 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum has been reported as a potential noninvasive biomarker for colorectal tumor in several studies, but its exact diagnostic accuracy was ambiguous due to the wide range of sensitivity and specificity. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of fecal F. nucleatum for colorectal tumor, we searched electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, without any date and language restrictions. Two reviewers independently extracted data and appraised study quality with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. We included ten studies comprising 13 cohorts for colorectal cancer (CRC) and seven cohorts for colorectal adenoma (CRA). A total of 1450 patients and 1421 controls for CRC and 656 patients and 827 controls for CRA were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of fecal F. nucleatum for CRC were 71% (95% CI, 61%‐79%) and 76% (95% CI, 66%‐84%), with the area under the receiver‐operating characteristics (AUC) curve of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76‐0.83). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of fecal F. nucleatum for CRA were 36% (95% CI, 27%‐46%) and 73% (95% CI, 65%‐79%), with an AUC of 0.60 (95% CI, 0.56‐0.65). Substantial heterogeneity among studies existed, which was partly caused by DNA extraction kits, regions of study, sample size, and demographic characteristics of participants. Fecal F. nucleatum was valuable for the diagnosis of CRC although it performed below expectation. For CRA, the specificity of fecal F. nucleatum indicated the possibility of noninvasive screening. Subgroup analyses for adenoma were incomplete due to lack of data. Heterogeneity limited the credibility of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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42
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Liu Y, Baba Y, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Hiyoshi Y, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Wu R, Baba H. Progress in characterizing the linkage between Fusobacterium nucleatum and gastrointestinal cancer. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:33-41. [PMID: 30244399 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-018-1512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome research is a rapidly advancing field in human cancers. Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacterium, indigenous to the human oral cavity, that plays a role in periodontal disease. Recent studies have found that F. nucleatum can promote gastrointestinal tumor progression and affect the prognosis of the disease. In addition, F. nucleatum may contribute to the chemo-resistance of gastrointestinal cancers. This review summarizes recent progress in the pathogenesis of F. nucleatum and its impact on gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Second Oncology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110022, China
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Rong Wu
- Second Oncology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110022, China
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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43
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Peng BJ, Cao CY, Li W, Zhou YJ, Zhang Y, Nie YQ, Cao YW, Li YY. Diagnostic Performance of Intestinal Fusobacterium nucleatum in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1349-1356. [PMID: 29786050 PMCID: PMC5987508 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.232814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence has supported the link of intestinal Fusobacterium nucleatum infection to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the value of F. nucleatum as a biomarker in CRC detection has not been fully defined. In order to reduce the random error and bias of individual research, this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of intestinal F. nucleatum in CRC patients and provide evidence-based data to clinical practice. Methods: An article search was performed from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up to December 2017, using the following key words: “Fusobacterium nucleatum”, ”Fusobacterium spp.”, ”Fn”, “colorectal cancer(s)”, “colorectal carcinoma(s)”, “colorectal neoplasm(s)”, and “colorectal tumor(s)”. Articles on relationships between F. nucleatum and CRC were selected according to the preestablished inclusion and exclusion criteria. This meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 software, which included mapping of forest plots, heterogeneity tests, meta-regression, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR), negative LR, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of each eligible study were summarized. Results: Finally, data for 1198 participants (629 CRC and 569 healthy controls) in 10 controlled studies from seven articles were included. The summary receiver operator characteristic curve was mapped. The diagnostic performance of intestinal F. nucleatum infection on CRC was as follows: the area under the curve: 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83–0.89), the pooled sensitivity: 0.81 (95% CI: 0.64–0.91), specificity: 0.77 (95% CI: 0.59–0.89), and DOR: 14.00 (95% CI: 9.00–22.00). Conclusion: Intestinal F. nucleatum is a valuable marker for CRC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jian Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadou District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, China
| | - Chuang-Yu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadou District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Yan-Wen Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadou District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
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44
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Dahmus JD, Kotler DL, Kastenberg DM, Kistler CA. The gut microbiome and colorectal cancer: a review of bacterial pathogenesis. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:769-777. [PMID: 30151274 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.04.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common newly diagnosed cancer in both men and women in the Unites States. Colonoscopy has become increasingly popular in CRC screening and represents the gold standard for detecting and removing pre-cancerous lesions. Although colonoscopy is considered a relatively safe procedure, it is invasive and bowel preparation can be challenging for patients. As interest in the gut microbiome has expanded, there have been new links established between bacteria and the development of CRC. These developing associations could prove to be a useful adjunct to colonoscopy for CRC screening in the future. This review examines current research evaluating multiple proposed pathogenic microorganisms including sulfidogenic bacteria such as Bilophila wadsworthia, as well as Streptococcus bovis, Helicobacter pylori, Bacteroides fragilis, and Clostridium septicum. This discussion primarily focuses on bacterial pathogenesis, evidence of association with CRC, and the proposed mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Dahmus
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew L Kotler
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Kastenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Andrew Kistler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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45
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Huang Q, Peng Y, Xie F. Fecal fusobacterium nucleatum for detecting colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:1724600818781301. [PMID: 29968498 DOI: 10.1177/1724600818781301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum ( Fn) for detecting colorectal cancer. It is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to focus exclusively on fecal Fn for colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Comprehensive searches of several databases before January 2018 were conducted. Fecal Fn for detecting colorectal cancer was evaluated via pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve. Heterogeneity was explored using meta-regression and subgroup analyses. The publication bias and the overall quality of evidence were also analyzed. RESULTS Our analysis included six papers containing seven case-control studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64, 0.72) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.75, 0.81), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio in detecting colorectal cancer were 2.87 (95% CI 1.62, 5.10) and 0.40 (95% CI 0.30, 0.54) respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (OR) was 8.75 (95% CI 4.86, 15.78) and the area under the curve was 0.80. A subgroup analysis showed that in Asia, the colorectal cancer sample size ⩾50 had higher specificity (specificity 0.85, 95% CI 0.80, 0.88). No publication bias existed. The GRADEpro showed a moderate level of the available evidence. CONCLUSIONS Compared to other examinations, the fecal Fn test seems a good choice for detecting colorectal cancer. It also has better diagnostic performance in Asians. However, more clinical trials with large sample sizes and strict randomization are needed to further verify the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- 1 Department of Oncology, the 476 Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yonghai Peng
- 2 Department of Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Fangwei Xie
- 2 Department of Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian, P.R. China
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46
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Yamaoka Y, Suehiro Y, Hashimoto S, Hoshida T, Fujimoto M, Watanabe M, Imanaga D, Sakai K, Matsumoto T, Nishioka M, Takami T, Suzuki N, Hazama S, Nagano H, Sakaida I, Yamasaki T. Fusobacterium nucleatum as a prognostic marker of colorectal cancer in a Japanese population. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:517-524. [PMID: 28823057 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence shows an overabundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal tumor tissues. However, the correlation between the absolute copy number of F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer tissues and colorectal cancer progression is unclear from previous reports. Therefore, we performed a study to compare the abundance of F. nucleatum in colorectal tissues with clinicopathologic and molecular features of colorectal cancer. METHODS We collected 100 colorectal cancer tissues and 72 matched normal-appearing mucosal tissues. Absolute copy numbers of F. nucleatum were measured by droplet digital PCR. RESULTS The detection rates of F. nucleatum were 63.9% (46/72) in normal-appearing mucosal tissues and 75.0% (75/100) in CRC tissue samples. The median copy number of F. nucleatum was 0.4/ng DNA in the normal-appearing colorectal mucosa in patients with colorectal cancer and 1.9/ng DNA in the colorectal cancer tissues (P = 0.0031). F. nucleatum copy numbers in stage IV colorectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in the normal-appearing mucosa in patients with colorectal cancer (P = 0.0016). The abundance of F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer tissues correlated with tumor size and KRAS mutation and was significantly associated with shorter overall survival times; this trend was notable in the patients with stage IV colorectal cancer. Focusing on normal-appearing mucosa in the patients with colorectal cancer, the F. nucleatum copy number was significantly higher in the patients with stage IV rather than stages I-III. CONCLUSION These results suggest that determining F. nucleatum levels may help predict clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. Further confirmatory studies using independent datasets are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suehiro
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hoshida
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kouhei Sakai
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Showa Hospital, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | | | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics Against Cancer, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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Shang FM, Liu HL. Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer: A review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:71-81. [PMID: 29564037 PMCID: PMC5852398 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i3.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a Gram-negative obligate anaerobe bacterium in the oral cavity and plays a role in several oral diseases, including periodontitis and gingivitis. Recently, several studies have reported that the level of F. nucleatum is significantly elevated in human colorectal adenomas and carcinomas compared to that in adjacent normal tissue. Several researchers have also demonstrated that F. nucleatum is obviously associated with colorectal cancer and promotes the development of colorectal neoplasms. In this review, we have summarized the recent reports on F. nucleatum and its role in colorectal cancer and have highlighted the methods of detecting F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer, the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis, immunity status, and colorectal cancer prevention strategies that target F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Shang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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Hussan H, Clinton SK, Roberts K, Bailey MT. Fusobacterium's link to colorectal neoplasia sequenced: A systematic review and future insights. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8626-8650. [PMID: 29358871 PMCID: PMC5752723 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To critically evaluate previous scientific evidence on Fusobacterium's role in colorectal neoplasia development. METHODS Two independent investigators systematically reviewed all original scientific articles published between January, 2000, and July, 2017, using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. A total of 355 articles were screened at the abstract level. Of these, only original scientific human, animal, and in vitro studies investigating Fusobacterium and its relationship with colorectal cancer (CRC) were included in the analysis. Abstracts, review articles, studies investigating other colonic diseases, and studies written in other languages than English were excluded from our analysis. Ninety articles were included after removing duplicates, resolving disagreements between the two reviewers, and applying the above criteria. RESULTS Studies have consistently identified positive associations between Fusobacterium, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), and CRC. Stronger associations were seen in CRCs proximal to the splenic flexure and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-high CRCs. There was evidence of temporality and a biological gradient, with increased F. nucleatum DNA detection and quantity along the traditional adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in CIMP-high CRC precursors. Diet may have a differential impact on colonic F. nucleatum enrichment; evidence suggests that high fiber diet may reduce the risk of a subset of CRCs that are F. nucleatum DNA-positive. Data also suggest shorter CRC and disease-specific survival with increased amount of F. nucleatum DNA in CRC tissue. The pathophysiology of enrichment of F. nucleatum and other Fusobacterium species in colonic tissue is unclear; however, the virulence factors and changes to the local colonic environment with disruption of the protective mucus layer may contribute. The presence of a host lectin (Gal-GalNAc) in the colonic epithelium may also mediate F. nucleatum attachment to CRC and precursors through interaction with an F. nucleatum protein, fibroblast activation protein 2 (FAP2). The clinical significance of detection or enrichment of Fusobacterium in colorectal neoplasia is ambiguous, but data suggest a procarcinogenic effect of F. nucleatum, likely due to activation of oncogenic and inflammatory pathways and modulation of the tumor immune environment. This is hypothesized to be mediated by certain F. nucleatum strains carrying invasive properties and virulence factors such as FadA and FAP. CONCLUSION Evidence suggests a potential active role of Fusobacterium, specifically F. nucleatum, in CRC. Future prospective and experimental human studies would fill an important gap in this literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Hussan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Kristen Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, OSU College of Medicine And Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States
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Stary L, Mezerova K, Skalicky P, Zboril P, Raclavsky V. Are we any closer to screening for colorectal cancer using microbial markers?A critical review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2017; 161:333-338. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2017.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Xie YH, Gao QY, Cai GX, Sun XM, Sun XM, Zou TH, Chen HM, Yu SY, Qiu YW, Gu WQ, Chen XY, Cui Y, Sun D, Liu ZJ, Cai SJ, Xu J, Chen YX, Fang JY. Fecal Clostridium symbiosum for Noninvasive Detection of Early and Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Test and Validation Studies. EBioMedicine 2017; 25:32-40. [PMID: 29033369 PMCID: PMC5704049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Current non-invasive early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) requires improvement. We aimed to identified a fecal Clostridium symbiosum-based biomarker for early and advanced colorectal cancer detection. Design In the test stage, the relative abundance of Clostridium symbiosum (C. symbiosum) was measured by qPCR in 781 cases including 242 controls, 212 colorectal adenoma (CRA) patients, 109 early CRC (tumor restricted to the submucosa) patients, 218 advanced CRC patients. The prediction accuracy was compared to Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and validated in an independent cohort of 256 subjects. Current status of the trial:ongoing/still enrolling. Primary endpoint:June, 2017 (Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT02845973). Results Significant stepwise increase of C. symbiosum abundance was found in CRA, early CRC and advanced CRC (P < 0.01). C. symbiosum outperformed all the other markers in early CRC prediction performance. The combination of C. symbiosum and FIT achieved better performance (0.803 for test cohort and 0.707 for validation cohort). For overall discrimination of CRCs, the combination of all above markers achieved the performance of 0.876. Conclusions Fecal C. symbiosum is a promising biomarker for early and noninvasive detection of colorectal cancer, being more effective than F. nucleatum, FIT and CEA. Combining C. symbiosum and FIT or CEA may improve the diagnosis power. The fecal abundance of Clostridium symbiosum was found increased in patients with colorectal neoplasia and it may serve as a potiential biomarker in non-invasive early differentiation of colorectal cancer from healthy controls. The fecal abundance of Clostridium symbiosum was even more sensitive and efficient in diagnosis of both early and advanced colorectal cancer than reported markers like fecal immunochemical test, carcinoembryonic antigen and the abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum. Combining the abundance of Clostridium symbiosum and the other markers above may further enhance its predictive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qin-Yan Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiao-Ming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Hui Zou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hui-Min Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Si-Yi Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yi-Wen Qiu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Wei-Qi Gu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Danfeng Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhan-Ju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - San-Jun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
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