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Sha L, Yang X, Deng R, Wang W, Tao Y, Cao H, Ma Q, Wang H, Nie Y, Leng S, Lv Q, Li X, Wang H, Meng Y, Xu J, Greenshaw AJ, Li T, Guo WJ. Automated Digital Interventions and Smoking Cessation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Relating Efficiency to a Psychological Theory of Intervention Perspective. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e38206. [PMID: 36383408 PMCID: PMC9713619 DOI: 10.2196/38206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking remains a highly significant preventable global public health problem. In this context, digital interventions offer great advantages in terms of a lack of biological side effects, possibility of automatic delivery, and consequent human resource savings relative to traditional interventions. Such interventions have been studied in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) but have not been systematically reviewed with the inclusion of text-based and multiplatform-based interventions. In addition, this area has not been evaluated from the perspective of the psychological theoretical basis of intervention. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to assess the efficiency of digital interventions in RCT studies of smoking cessation and to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies used for digital interventions. METHODS An electronic search of RCTs was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library by June 30, 2021. Eligible studies had to compare automated digital intervention (ADI) to the use of a self-help guideline or no intervention. Participants were current smokers (aged 16 years or older). As the main outcome, abstinence after endpoint was extracted from the studies. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the efficiency of ADIs. Metaregressions were conducted to assess the relationship between intervention theory and effectiveness. RESULTS A total of 19 trials (15,472 participants) were included in the analysis. The overall abstinence rate (95% CI) at the endpoint was 17.8% (17.0-18.7). The overall risk ratio of the intervention group compared to the controls at the endpoint was 17.8% (17.0-18.7). Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (ROB 2) suggested that most of the studies had a low risk of bias (56.3%). Psychological theory-related constructs or predictors, which refer to other theory-based concepts (rather than only behavioral theory) such as craving or anxiety, are associated with effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS This study found that ADI had a clear positive effect compared to self-help guidelines or to no intervention, and effectiveness was associated with theory-related constructs or predictors. ADIs should be promoted by policy makers and clinical practitioners to address the huge gap between the need for smoking cessation and availability of traditional treatment resources. Possible increases in ADI efficiency may be achieved by optimally integrating psychotherapeutic theories and techniques. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021256593; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=256593.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leihao Sha
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renhao Deng
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - YuJie Tao
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - HaiLing Cao
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianshu Ma
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yirou Nie
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqi Leng
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyue Lv
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiyao Wang
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jun Guo
- Mental Health Center and Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Nguyen DK, Chan CL, Li AHA, Phan DV, Lan CH. Decision support system for the differentiation of schizophrenia and mood disorders using multiple deep learning models on wearable devices data. Health Informatics J 2022; 28:14604582221137537. [PMID: 36317536 DOI: 10.1177/14604582221137537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world, with so much inherent stress, mental health disorders (MHDs) are becoming more common in every country around the globe, causing a significant burden on society and patients' families. MHDs come in many forms with various severities of symptoms and differing periods of suffering, and as a result it is difficult to differentiate between them and simple to confuse them with each other. Therefore, we propose a support system that employs deep learning (DL) with wearable device data to provide physicians with an objective reference resource by which to make differential diagnoses and plan treatment. We conducted experiments on open datasets containing activity motion signal data from wearable devices to identify schizophrenia and mood disorders (bipolar and unipolar), the datasets being named Psykose and Depresjon. The results showed that, in both workflow approaches, the proposed framework performed well in comparison with the traditional machine learning (ML) and DL methods. We concluded that applying DL models using activity motion signal data from wearable devices represents a prospective objective support system for MHD differentiation with a good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Information Management, 34895Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lung Chan
- Department of Information Management, 34895Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, 34895Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsien A Li
- Division of Cardiology, 46608Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, 34895Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Dinh-Van Phan
- University of Economics, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam; Teaching and Research Team for Business Intelligence, University of Economics, 241203The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Chung-Hsien Lan
- Department of Computer Science, 63368Nanya Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Fazio M, Lombardo C, Marino G, Marya A, Messina P, Scardina GA, Tocco A, Torregrossa F, Valenti C. LinguAPP: An m-Health Application for Teledentistry Diagnostics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:822. [PMID: 35055643 PMCID: PMC8775778 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
An Android/iOS application for low-cost mobile devices to aid in dental diagnosis through questionnaire and photos is presented in this paper. The main purposes of our app lie in the ease of use even for nonexperienced users, in the limited hardware requirements that allow a wide diffusion, and in the possibility to modify the questionnaire for different pathologies. This tool was developed in about a month at the beginning of the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and is still in use in Italy to allow support to patients without going to the hospital, if not strictly necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matia Fazio
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (G.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Christian Lombardo
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Marino
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (G.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Anand Marya
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India;
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 12211, Cambodia
| | - Pietro Messina
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Antonino Tocco
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (G.M.); (A.T.)
| | | | - Cesare Valenti
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (G.M.); (A.T.)
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Roche GC, Fung P, Ransing R, Noor IM, Shalbafan M, El Hayek S, Koh EBY, Gupta AK, Kudva KG. The state of psychiatric research in the Asia Pacific region. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2021; 13:e12432. [PMID: 33145988 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to review recent scientific publications and research output in the field of psychiatry, from a series of countries in the Asia-Pacific region (Australia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Lebanon, Malaysia, and Nepal), with a view to identify themes and similarities across regions, as well as to examine the barriers and challenges in mental health research faced by countries in the region. METHODS Seven psychiatrists from seven countries reviewed recent published and ongoing research in psychiatry in their respective nations, with respect to themes, as well as any barriers or challenges faced by mental health researchers. RESULTS While the seven nations included in this review vary in terms of research capabilities and economic development level, they share many similarities both in terms of research direction, and with regards to challenges faced. Limitations in the form of sociocultural differences from the West, and a lack of funding were some of the barriers identified. DISCUSSION Mental health research in the region has been progressing well. However, more varied research in the form of qualitative or economic studies are lacking, as are multi-center studies. The similar issues that nations face with regards to research could perhaps benefit from collaborative efforts and initiatives for the furtherance of research in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Cedric Roche
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Paul Fung
- Paramatta Mission, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia.,Health Education and Training Institute Higher Education, North Paramatta, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ramdas Ransing
- Department of Psychiatry, BKL Walawalkar Rural Medical College, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Isa Multazam Noor
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Soeharto Heerdjan Mental Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mohammadreza Shalbafan
- Mental Health Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samer El Hayek
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eugene Boon Yau Koh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Kundadak Ganesh Kudva
- Early Psychosis Intervention Programme and East Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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Byrne S, Kotze B, Ramos F, Casties A, Starling J, Harris A. Integrating a Mobile Health Device Into a Community Youth Mental Health Team to Manage Severe Mental Illness: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e19510. [PMID: 33136053 PMCID: PMC7669449 DOI: 10.2196/19510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of mental illness are often triggered by stress, and individuals with mental illness are sensitive to these effects. The development of mobile health (mHealth) devices allows continuous recording of biometrics associated with activity, sleep, and arousal. Deviations in these measures could indicate a stressed state requiring early intervention. This paper describes a protocol for integrating an mHealth device into a community mental health team to enhance management of severe mental illness in young adults. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine (1) whether an mHealth device integrated into a community mental health team can improve outcomes for young adults with severe mental illness and (2) whether the device detects periods of mental health versus deterioration. METHODS This study examines whether physiological information from an mHealth device prevents mental deterioration when shared with the participant and clinical team versus with the participant alone. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will allocate 126 young adults from community mental health services for 6 months to standard case management combined with an integrated mHealth device (ie, physiological information is viewed by both participant and case manager: unWIRED intervention) or an unintegrated mHealth device (ie, participant alone self-monitors: control). Participants will wear the Empatica Embrace2 device, which continuously records electrodermal activity and actigraphy (ie, rest and activity). The study also examines whether the Embrace2 can detect periods of mental health versus deterioration. A variety of measurements will be taken, including physiological data from the Embrace2; participant and case manager self-report regarding symptoms, functioning, and quality of life; chart reviews; and ecological momentary assessments of stress in real time. Changes in each participant's Clinical Global Impression Scale scores will be assessed by blinded raters as the primary outcome. In addition, participants and case managers will provide qualitative data regarding their experience with the integrated mHealth device, which will be thematically analyzed. RESULTS The study has received ethical approval from the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee. It is due to start in October 2020 and conclude in October 2022. CONCLUSIONS The RCT will provide insight as to whether an integrated mHealth device enables case managers and participants to pre-emptively manage early warning signs and prevent relapse. We anticipate that unWIRED will enhance early intervention by improving detection of stress and allowing case managers and patients to better engage and respond to symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12620000642987; https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12620000642987.aspx. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/19510.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Byrne
- Western Sydney Local Health District Mental Health Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Beth Kotze
- Rivendell Child Adolescent and Family Unit, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fabio Ramos
- School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Achim Casties
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jean Starling
- Concord Centre for Mental Health, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Harris
- Western Sydney Local Health District Mental Health Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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