1
|
Magno S, Ceccarini G, Corvillo F, Pelosini C, Gilio D, Paoli M, Fornaciari S, Pandolfo G, Sanchez-Iglesias S, Nozal P, Curcio M, Sessa MR, López-Trascasa M, Araújo-Vilar D, Santini F. Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Acquired Partial Lipodystrophy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e932-e944. [PMID: 38061004 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barraquer-Simons syndrome (BSS) is a rare, acquired form of lipodystrophy characterized by progressive loss of upper body subcutaneous fat, which affects face, upper limbs, and trunk. The pathogenesis of the disease is not entirely known and may involve autoimmune mechanisms. AIM This study aimed to provide a comprehensive picture of the clinical, immunological, and metabolic features of a large cohort of patients with BSS. Our primary objectives included the validation of existing diagnostic tools, the evaluation of novel diagnostic approaches, and the exploration of potential disease triggers or genetic predispositions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-six patients were diagnosed with BSS based on accepted criteria defined by international guidelines. Anthropometric parameters, biochemical tests, organ- and non-organ-specific autoantibodies, HLA status, and screening of the LMNB2 gene were performed. RESULTS Patients were predominantly females (73%); fat loss occurred mostly during childhood (77%) at a median age of 8 years. Among various anthropometric measures, the ratio between the proportion of fat mass in upper limbs and lower limbs showed the best predictive value for diagnosis. A total of 11.5% of patients had diabetes, 34.6% dyslipidemia, and 26.9% hepatic steatosis. Seventy-five percent of children and 50% of adults had C3 hypocomplementemia; 76% of patients were positive for 1 or more autoantibodies. HLA-DRB1 11:03 had higher allelic frequencies compared with the general population. A single variant in the LMNB2 gene was found in 1 patient. CONCLUSION BSS has a childhood onset and is often associated with autoimmune diseases. Skinfold thickness measurements and fat assessment by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry are useful tools to identify the disease. C3 hypocomplementemia and the presence of autoantibodies may be used as additional diagnostic supportive criteria but the prevalence of C3 hypocomplementemia may be lower than previously reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Magno
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Fernando Corvillo
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid 28046, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Caterina Pelosini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
- Chemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Radiological, Nuclear and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Donatella Gilio
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Melania Paoli
- Chemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Radiological, Nuclear and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Silvia Fornaciari
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Biology, Department of Radiological, Nuclear and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pandolfo
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Sofia Sanchez-Iglesias
- Thyroid and Metabolic Diseases Unit (U.E.T.eM.), Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS-IDIS), School of Medicine, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15700, Spain
| | - Pilar Nozal
- Immunology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Michele Curcio
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Biology, Department of Radiological, Nuclear and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Sessa
- Chemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Radiological, Nuclear and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Margarita López-Trascasa
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid 28046, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - David Araújo-Vilar
- Thyroid and Metabolic Diseases Unit (U.E.T.eM.), Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS-IDIS), School of Medicine, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15700, Spain
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santos WFS, Cantuária APDC, Félix DDC, Guimarães NC, de Melo ICS. Complex patterns on HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescence assay in a large sample referred for anti-cell autoantibodies detection. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1256526. [PMID: 38283335 PMCID: PMC10811459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The combination of patterns is a frequent and challenging situation in the daily laboratory routine of autoantibodies testing using HEp-2 cells indirect immunofluorescence assay (HEp-2-IFA). Recently, the Brazilian Consensus on Autoantibodies (BCA) named these combinations as complex patterns (CPs) and organized them into 3 subtypes: multiple, mixed, and composite. This study aimed to describe the most frequent combinations of HEp-2-IIF patterns according to this new nomenclature. Methods Routine HEp-2-IFA results reported in January and June 2017 were reviewed using the new BCA classification. Visual pattern recognition was performed by experts on HEp-2-IFA readings, using the International Consensus on Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) Patterns (ICAP) and BCA recommendations. Results 54,990 serum samples from different patients were tested for ANA-HEp-2, and 11,478 (20.9%) were positive at a titer ≥ 1/80. Among these positive samples, 1,111 (9.7%) displayed CPs, divided into 95 different combinations. A higher proportion of CPs was observed in the pediatric age group. Multiple, mixed, and composite patterns were present in 85.3, 5.4, and 9.5% of the samples, respectively. In the multiple/mixed pattern group (n=1,005), double, triple, and quadruple combinations (ICAP/BCA codes) were observed in 97.7%, 2.2%, and 0.1%, respectively. The double nuclear pattern was the most prevalent combination observed (67.6%). The most common CPs registered were AC-4 (nuclear fine speckled) + AC-6,7 (nuclear discrete dots) (n=264); AC-2 (nuclear dense fine speckled) + AC-6,7 (n=201); AC-4+AC-8,9,10 (nucleolar) (n=129); and AC-3 (centromere)+AC-4 (n=124). All of these combinations were in the multiple subgroup. Conclusion Almost 10% of positive results in the HEp-2 procedure displayed CPs. Among the 3 subtypes of CPs proposed, the multiple pattern was the most prevalent, especially in the pediatric population. The AC-4, AC-2, and AC-6,7 were the most prevalent single patterns observed in the combinations described in this study. There was a significant association between age and the prevalence of most combined patterns. The AC-4+AC-6,7 combination was the most prevalent complex pattern detected regardless of the age group. The AC-2+AC-6,7 was more prevalent in younger individuals. The concepts involved in the CPs definition should add value to the reading and interpretation of the HEp-2-IIF assay.
Collapse
|
3
|
de Santana FM, de Carvalho JF, Spolidoro N, Fuoco L, Lopes JB, Perez MO, Bunjes BG, Cobra JF, Sales LP, Figueiredo CP. Differences of antinuclear antibodies positivity and pattern in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e14889. [PMID: 37610070 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jozélio Freire de Carvalho
- Instituto de Reumatologia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Health Sciences from Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Luiza Fuoco
- Instituto de Reumatologia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park MJ, Jang HM, Kim D, Won DI, Baek HS, Cho MH. Differences in the Clinical Significance of Antinuclear Antibodies According to Titers and Patterns in Children. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:1254-1260. [PMID: 36829288 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231154948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the clinical significance of antinuclear antibody (ANA) according to their titers and patterns in the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune diseases (AiD) in pediatric patients. Of the 2442 children who had undergone an ANA test, 473 (19.4%) were positive for ANA, of whom 33 (7.0%) were diagnosed with significant AiD. The positive predictive value (PPV) for significant AiD was considerably high on application of an ANA titer of ≥1:640, and the PPV of a dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern was significantly lower compared with those of speckled and homogenous patterns. The diagnostic value of ANA positivity for AiD is limited, and the clinical significance of the DFS pattern is relatively lower compared with that of other patterns, such as homogenous and speckled patterns, in children. It is necessary to approach the significance of ANA in children individually depending on titers and patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Min Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsub Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Il Won
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeungnam University, College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyun Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bonroy C, Vercammen M, Fierz W, Andrade LEC, Van Hoovels L, Infantino M, Fritzler MJ, Bogdanos D, Kozmar A, Nespola B, Broeders S, Patel D, Herold M, Zheng B, Chan EYT, Uibo R, Haapala AM, Musset L, Sack U, Nagy G, Sundic T, Fischer K, Rego de Sousa MJ, Vargas ML, Eriksson C, Heijnen I, García-De La Torre I, Carballo OG, Satoh M, Kim KH, Chan EKL, Damoiseaux J, Lopez-Hoyos M, Bossuyt X. Detection of antinuclear antibodies: recommendations from EFLM, EASI and ICAP. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1167-1198. [PMID: 36989417 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are important for the diagnosis of various autoimmune diseases. ANA are usually detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using HEp-2 cells (HEp-2 IFA). There are many variables influencing HEp-2 IFA results, such as subjective visual reading, serum screening dilution, substrate manufacturing, microscope components and conjugate. Newer developments on ANA testing that offer novel features adopted by some clinical laboratories include automated computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) systems and solid phase assays (SPA). METHODS A group of experts reviewed current literature and established recommendations on methodological aspects of ANA testing. This process was supported by a two round Delphi exercise. International expert groups that participated in this initiative included (i) the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group "Autoimmunity Testing"; (ii) the European Autoimmune Standardization Initiative (EASI); and (iii) the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP). RESULTS In total, 35 recommendations/statements related to (i) ANA testing and reporting by HEp-2 IFA; (ii) HEp-2 IFA methodological aspects including substrate/conjugate selection and the application of CAD systems; (iii) quality assurance; (iv) HEp-2 IFA validation/verification approaches and (v) SPA were formulated. Globally, 95% of all submitted scores in the final Delphi round were above 6 (moderately agree, agree or strongly agree) and 85% above 7 (agree and strongly agree), indicating strong international support for the proposed recommendations. CONCLUSIONS These recommendations are an important step to achieve high quality ANA testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Bonroy
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine Vercammen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium
- Research Group REIM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Walter Fierz
- Schweizerischer Verband der Diagnostikindustrie (SVDI-ASID), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luis E C Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lieve Van Hoovels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dimitrios Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ana Kozmar
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Benoit Nespola
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Dina Patel
- UK NEQAS Immunology, Immunochemistry & Allergy, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - Manfred Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheumatology Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Eric Y T Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Raivo Uibo
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Lucile Musset
- Department of Immunology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabor Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tatjana Sundic
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Helse Fonna, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Katarzyna Fischer
- Individual Laboratory for Rheumatologic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maria-José Rego de Sousa
- Immunopathology and Autoimmunity Department, Centro de Medicina Laboratorial Germano de Sousa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Catharina Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Section of Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Heijnen
- Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio García-De La Torre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital General de Occidente, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Orlando Gabriel Carballo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Instituto Universitario, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kitakyushu Yahata-Higashi Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kyeong-Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcos Lopez-Hoyos
- Immunology Service, University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lubarski K, Mania A, Michalak S, Osztynowicz K, Mazur-Melewska K, Figlerowicz M. The Coexistence of Antibodies to Neuronal Cell and Synaptic Receptor Proteins, Gangliosides and Selected Neurotropic Pathogens in Neurologic Disorders in Children. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071274. [PMID: 37046492 PMCID: PMC10093427 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Various primarily non-autoimmune neurological disorders occur synchronously with autoantibodies against tissues in the nervous system. We aimed to assess serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) autoantibodies in children with neurologic disorders. To find new diagnostic tools, we compared the laboratory and clinical findings between the distinguished groups. Retrospectively, 508 patients were divided into six subgroups: neuroinfections, pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections, neurologic autoimmune and demyelinating diseases, epilepsy, pervasive developmental disorders and other patients. We analysed serum anti-aquaporin-4, antiganglioside, neuronal antinuclear and cytoplasmic antibodies, as well as antibodies against surface neuronal and synaptic antigens in the CSF and serum. We involved available demographic and clinical data. Autoantibodies appeared in 165 (32.3%) children, with 24 showing multiple types of them. The most common were anti-neuroendothelium (anti-NET), anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAr), anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein and anti-myelin antibodies bothering 46/463 (9.9%), 32/343 (9.4%), 27/463 (5.8%) and 27/463 (5.8%), respectively. Anti-NET and anti-NMDAr antibodies appeared more frequently in children with autoimmunity (p = 0.017; p < 0.001, respectively), increasing the autoimmune disease risk (OR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.13–13.97; OR = 3.91, 95% CI 1.86–8.22, respectively). Similar pathomechanisms appeared in diseases of different aetiology with clinical spectrums mimicking each other, so we proposed the model helping to diagnose autoimmune disease. We proved the influence of age, living place and medical history on the final diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Lubarski
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Mania
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sławomir Michalak
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krystyna Osztynowicz
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mazur-Melewska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Figlerowicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Staruszkiewicz M, Pituch-Noworolska A, Skoczen S. Uncommon types of autoantibodies - Detection and clinical associations. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103263. [PMID: 36563770 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunofluorescence is a basic method for detection of autoantibodies in serum. It is used as screening for people with symptoms suggesting autoimmune process and disease. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) assay detecting antibodies against nuclear proteins used commonly for diagnosis of systemic autoimmune disease, although antibodies against cytoplasmic components and mitotic structures are usable in clinic. The majority of ANA nuclear patterns have been comprehensively studied with increasing data. However, the cytoplasmic and mitotic patterns are underestimated and still require further assessment. In this review the clinical associations and significance of uncommon types of autoantibodies are presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Szymon Skoczen
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jańczyk W, Bierła JB, Trojanowska I, Wierzbicka-Rucińska A, Cukrowska B, Socha P. Prevalence and Significance of Autoantibody Seropositivity in Children with Wilson's Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040768. [PMID: 36832258 PMCID: PMC9955693 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies occur in healthy subjects as well as in children with Wilson's disease (WD), but their prevalence and significance are unknown. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence of autoantibodies and autoimmune markers, and their relationship to liver injury in WD children. The study included 74 WD and 75 healthy children as a control group. Patients with WD underwent transient elastography (TE) examinations, as well as determination of liver function tests, copper metabolism markers, and serum immunoglobulins (Ig). In the sera of the WD patients and controls, anti-nuclear (ANA), anti-smooth muscle, anti-mitochondrial, anti-parietal cell, anti-liver/kidney microsomal, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies, and specific celiac antibodies were determined. Among the autoantibodies, only the prevalence of ANA in children with WD was higher than in the controls. There was no significant relationship between the presence of autoantibodies and liver steatosis or stiffness after TE. However, advanced liver stiffness (E > 8.2 kPa) was related to IgA, IgG, and gamma globulin production. The type of treatment did not influence the prevalence of autoantibodies. Our results suggest that autoimmune disturbances in WD might not be directly related to liver damage as expressed by steatosis and/or liver stiffness after TE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jańczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-8151874
| | - Joanna B. Bierła
- Department of Pathomorphology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Trojanowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aldona Wierzbicka-Rucińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Cukrowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ostrov BE. Reliability and reproducibility of antinuclear antibody testing in pediatric rheumatology practice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1071115. [PMID: 36714114 PMCID: PMC9875300 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is common practice among health care practitioners when evaluating children and adolescents with non-specific symptoms including fatigue and aches and pains. When positive, ANA results often lead to referrals to pediatric rheumatologists as these antibodies may be key indicators for specific pediatric rheumatologic diagnoses. The reliability and reproducibility of ANA tests varies with assay techniques and validation and interpretation of results. In the following article, review of ANA testing in pediatrics is provided along with case examples that demonstrate the reliability and reproducibility of these results in specific scenarios common in the practice of pediatric rheumatology. Guidelines for more accurate utilization of ANA testing are presented with the aim to improve testing and interpretation by ordering clinicians.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shah AA, Wolf AB, Declusin A, Coleman K, Kammeyer R, Khan B, Corboy JR. Challenging Cases in Neuroimmunology. Semin Neurol 2022; 42:695-707. [PMID: 36690027 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimmunology is rapidly evolving field extending from well-known, but incompletely understood conditions like multiple sclerosis, to novel antibody-mediated disorders, of which dozens have been described in the past 10 years. The ongoing expansion in knowledge needed to effectively diagnose and treat these patients presents myriad challenges for clinicians. Here, we discuss six informative cases from our institution. By highlighting these challenging cases, we hope to instill fundamental points on the nuances of diagnosis and management for conditions including tumefactive multiple sclerosis, antibody-mediated encephalitis, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, neuromyelitis optica, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG-associated disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Shah
- Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew B Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anthony Declusin
- Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kyle Coleman
- Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ryan Kammeyer
- Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Baber Khan
- Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Riverhills Neuroscience, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John R Corboy
- Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dinse GE, Parks CG, Weinberg CR, Co CA, Wilkerson J, Zeldin DC, Chan EK, Miller FW. Increasing Prevalence of Antinuclear Antibodies in the United States. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:2032-2041. [PMID: 36054084 PMCID: PMC10947520 DOI: 10.1002/art.42330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidence suggests increasing frequencies of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases, but findings are limited by the lack of systematic data and evolving approaches and definitions. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), the most common biomarker of autoimmunity, changed over a recent 25-year span in the US. METHODS Serum ANA were measured by standard indirect immunofluorescence assays on HEp-2 cells in 13,519 participants age ≥12 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with approximately one-third from each of 3 time periods: 1988-1991, 1999-2004, and 2011-2012. We used logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and survey design variables to estimate changes in ANA prevalence across the time periods. RESULTS The prevalence of ANA was 11.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7-12.6%) in 1988-1991, 11.4% (95% CI 10.2-12.8%) in 1999-2004, and 16.1% (95% CI 14.4-18.0%) in 2011-2012 (P for trend <0.0001), corresponding to ~22.3 million, ~26.6 million, and ~41.5 million affected individuals, respectively. Among adolescents age 12-19 years, ANA prevalence increased substantially, with odds ratios of 2.07 (95% CI 1.18-3.64) and 2.77 (95% CI 1.56-4.91) in the second and third time periods relative to the first (P for trend = 0.0004). ANA prevalence increased in both sexes (especially in men), older adults (age ≥50 years), and non-Hispanic white individuals. These increases in ANA prevalence were not explained by concurrent trends in weight (obesity/overweight), smoking exposure, or alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ANA in the US has increased considerably in recent years. Additional studies to determine factors underlying these increases in ANA prevalence could elucidate causes of autoimmunity and enable the development of preventative measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregg E. Dinse
- Data Sciences & Analytics, Social & Scientific Systems, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - Christine G. Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S.A
| | - Clarice R. Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S.A
| | - Caroll A. Co
- Data Sciences & Analytics, Social & Scientific Systems, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - Jesse Wilkerson
- Data Sciences & Analytics, Social & Scientific Systems, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S.A
| | - Edward K.L. Chan
- University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Frederick W. Miller
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khalifah MJ, Almansouri O, Mowallad A, Aga S, Aljefri AA, Almalki A, Alhmdan N, Al-Mazain W, Alsalmi K. Comparison of Indirect Immunofluorescence and Enzyme Immunoassay for the Detection of Antinuclear Antibodies. Cureus 2022; 14:e31049. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
13
|
Santos WFS, Cantuária APDC, Félix DDC, Nardes LK, de Melo ICS. The influence of demography and referral medical specialty on the detection of autoantibodies to HEP-2 cells in a large sample of patients. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:32. [DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The prevalence of anti-cell autoantibodies detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay on HEp-2 cells (HEp-2-IIFA) increases with age and is higher in female sex. The number of medical specialties that use HEp-2-IIFA in the investigation of autoimmune diseases has increased lately. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of autoantibodies on HEp-2-IIFA according to demographics variables and referring medical specialties.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of the HEp-2-IIFA carried out between January and June of 2017 was performed. The International Consensus on Antinuclear Antibodies Patterns (ICAP) and the Brazilian Consensus on Autoantibodies were used for patterns definition on visual reading of the slides. Anti-cell (AC) codes from ICAP and Brazilian AC codes (BAC) were used for patterns classification.
Results
From 54,990 samples referred for HEp-2-IIF testing, 20.9% were positive at titer ≥ 1/80. HEp-2-IIFA positivity in females and males was 24% and 12%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The proportion of positive results in the 4 age groups analyzed: 0–19, 20–39, 40–59, and ≥ 60 years was 23.3, 20.2, 20.1, and 22.8%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Considering all positive sera (n = 11,478), AC-4 nuclear fine speckled (37.7%), AC-2 nuclear dense fine speckled (21.3%), BAC-3 nuclear quasi-homogeneous (10%) and mixed/composite patterns (8.8%) were the most prevalent patterns. The specialties that most requested HEp-2-IIFA were general practitioner (20.1%), dermatology (15%), gynecology (9.9%), rheumatology (8.5%), and cardiology (5.8%). HEp-2-IIFA positivity was higher in patients referred by rheumatologists (35.7% vs. 19.6%) (p < 0.0001). Moderate (46.4%) and high (10.8%) titers were more observed in patients referred by rheumatologists (p < 0.0001). We observed a high proportion of mixed and cytoplasmic patterns in samples referred by oncologists and a high proportion of BAC-3 (nuclear quasi-homogeneous) pattern in samples referred by pneumologists.
Conclusions
One-fifth of the patients studied were HEp-2-IIFA-positive. The age groups with more positive results were 0–19 and ≥ 60 years. AC-4, AC-2, BAC-3 and mixed/composite patterns were the most frequent patterns observed. Rheumatologists requested only 8.5% of HEp-2-IIFA. Positive results and moderate to high titers of autoantibodies were more frequent in patients referred by rheumatologists.
Collapse
|
14
|
Storwick JA, Brett A, Buhler K, Chin A, Schmeling H, Johnson N, Fritzler MJ, Choi MY. Prevalence and titres of antinuclear antibodies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
15
|
Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. Autoimmune Hepatitis: Serum Autoantibodies in Clinical Practice. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:124-137. [PMID: 34491531 PMCID: PMC9464171 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Circulating autoantibodies are a key diagnostic tool in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), being positive in 95% of the cases if tested according to dedicated guidelines issued by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. They also allow the distinction between type 1 AIH, characterized by positive anti-nuclear and/or anti-smooth muscle antibody, and type 2 AIH, characterized by positive anti-liver kidney microsomal type 1 and/or anti-liver cytosol type 1 antibody. Anti-soluble liver antigen is the only AIH-specific autoantibody, and is found in 20-30% of both type 1 and type 2 AIH. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody is frequently positive in type 1 AIH, being associated also with inflammatory bowel disease and with primary/autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis. The reference method for autoantibody testing remains indirect immunofluorescence on triple tissue (rodent liver, kidney and stomach), allowing both the detection of the majority of liver-relevant reactivities, including those autoantibodies whose molecular target antigens are unknown. Of note, the current knowledge of the clinical significance of autoantibodies relies on studies based on this technique. However, immunofluorescence requires trained laboratory personnel, is observer-dependent, and lacks standardization, leading to ongoing attempts at replacing this method with automated assays, the sensitivity, and specificity of which, however, require further studies before they can be used as a reliable alternative to immunofluorescence; currently, they may be used as complementary to immunofluorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli
- grid.29078.340000 0001 2203 2861Epatocentro Ticino & Facoltà Di Scienze Biomediche, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland ,grid.29078.340000 0001 2203 2861Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland ,grid.46699.340000 0004 0391 9020King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences &, Medicine At King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giorgina Mieli-Vergani
- grid.46699.340000 0004 0391 9020King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences &, Medicine At King’s College Hospital, London, UK ,grid.46699.340000 0004 0391 9020Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, MowatLabs, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diego Vergani
- grid.46699.340000 0004 0391 9020King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences &, Medicine At King’s College Hospital, London, UK ,grid.46699.340000 0004 0391 9020Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Antinuclear antibodies in children: clinical signification and diagnosis utility. LA TUNISIE MÉDICALE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8972181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) test is used to screen adults as well as children for connective tissue diseases (CTD) and autoimmune hepatitis. However, interpretation of ANA positivity can be delicate. Aim: to determine clinical significance and diagnosis utility of ANA positivity in children. Methods: Patients from a general pediatric department with ANA positive results were included (follow-up period of 2 years). ANA screening was performed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells substrate (BioSystems®). In case of ANA positivity (cut-off: 1:80), the specificity was determined by IIF on Crithidia luciliea substrate (BioSystems®) and immunodot (Euroimmun®). Results: Among 102 ANA tests, 55 (53,9%) were positive. We recorded the data of 38 patients (age average: 9,5 years - sex ratio: 0.72). The most frequent signs were join pain (55,3%). ANA titer varied between 1:80 (39,5% of cases) and 1:1280 (2,6% of cases). Typing was negative in 89,5% of cases. The majority (42,1%) of children with positive ANA test had musculoskeletal diseases. The others (57,9%) had systemic lupus erythematosus(n=2), overlap syndrome(n=1), rheumatoid purpura(n=2), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(n=1), coeliac disease(n=1) or non-autoimmune diseases/no confirmed diagnosis(n=15). Conclusions: ANA prevalence in children was relatively high. When the pretest probability is low, the positive predictive value for CTD or autoimmune hepatitis is low. However, depending on the clinical context, ANA detection can represent a supplement diagnostic tool for these diseases and/or can lead to a clinico-biological monitoring.
Collapse
|
17
|
Haslak F, Yildiz M, Altun I, Yilmaz G, Adrovic A, Sahin S, Koker O, Aliyeva A, Barut K, Kasapcopur O. Anti-nuclear antibody testing in children: How much is really necessary? Pediatr Int 2021; 63:1020-1025. [PMID: 33411356 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) testing is most commonly ordered by general pediatricians to evaluate children with musculoskeletal system complaints. Given the limited utility of the test, we aimed to estimate the effectiveness of ordering ANA testing in childhood. METHODS Children referred to our department to be examined due to positive ANA findings between 2008 and 2020 were included in the study. Those with less than one-year follow-up period, those with previously known rheumatic or autoimmune disease, and those diagnosed as an autoimmune and/or rheumatic disease at the first visit were excluded. Data were obtained from their medical records, retrospectively. The parents of all of the patients were called via phone, data were verified, and missing information was collected. RESULTS Three hundred and fifty-eight patients (230 females) were eligible for the study. The median age of positive ANA findings was 9.31 (1.3-17.86) years and the median follow-up duration was 4.85 (1-11.91) years. Most of the patients had no underlying disease (n = 337, 94.1%). The most common reason for ordering ANA testing was to evaluate musculoskeletal system symptoms (n = 225, 62.8%). None of our patients referred to us due to positive ANA findings developed any autoimmune conditions or ANA associated rheumatic disease. Hypermobility syndrome is the most common final diagnosis among our ANA-positive patients. CONCLUSION We suggest that instead of using it as a screening tool, ANA testing should be performed only if there is a strong suspicion of autoimmune diseases or certain rheumatic conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Haslak
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yildiz
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilayda Altun
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amra Adrovic
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Sahin
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Koker
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayten Aliyeva
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kenan Barut
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kasapcopur
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Autoantibodies and Donor-specific Antibodies are Associated With Graft Dysfunction in Pediatric Liver Transplantation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:661-666. [PMID: 32810036 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autoantibodies (AAb) and donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) are frequently present in pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients. Their clinical significance remains incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of serum AAb and DSA in pediatric LT recipients and its correlation with patient characteristics and histological and biochemical parameters. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data from 62 pediatric LT patients in follow-up at Ghent University Hospital between January 2007 and February 2018. Blood samples with AAb measurement were taken systematically, liver biopsies (LB) were performed on clinical indication. RESULTS AAb were detected in 27 (43.3%) patients, with antinuclear antibodies (ANA) being the most frequently (24%) encountered AAb. There was an association between AAb positivity and female gender (P = 0,032) and deceased donor LT (P = 0,006). Patients with positive AAb underwent a higher number of LB during their follow-up (P < 0,001), and an association was found with the presence of nonspecific histologic alterations (P = 0,032) in the absence of de novo autoimmune hepatitis. Positive AAb were also associated with higher alkaline phosphatase (P < 0,001), ALT (P < 0,001), AST (P < 0,001), γ-GT (P = 0,001), IgG (P = 0,011) and lower albumin (P = 0,029). Fourteen out of 50 (28%) patients were DSA-positive, mostly anti-HLA class II. DSA positivity was associated with T-cell-mediated rejection (P = 0,019), higher total (P = 0,033), and direct (P = 0,012) bilirubin and γ-GT (P < 0,001). CONCLUSIONS The presence of AAb and DSA is associated with histological and biochemical parameters of graft dysfunction. Larger prospective studies are warranted to investigate the causal relationships between AAb and DSA development and outcome parameters post pediatric LT.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pashnina IA, Krivolapova IM, Fedotkina TV, Ryabkova VA, Chereshneva MV, Churilov LP, Chereshnev VA. Antinuclear Autoantibodies in Health: Autoimmunity Is Not a Synonym of Autoimmune Disease. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:9. [PMID: 33668697 PMCID: PMC8006153 DOI: 10.3390/antib10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is a critical tool for their diagnosis. However, ANA prevalence in healthy persons has increased over the last decades, especially among young people. ANA in health occurs in low concentrations, with a prevalence up to 50% in some populations, which demands a cutoff revision. This review deals with the origin and probable physiological or compensatory function of ANA in health, according to the concept of immunological clearance, theory of autoimmune regulation of cell functions, and the concept of functional autoantibodies. Considering ANA titers ≤1:320 as a serological marker of autoimmune diseases seems inappropriate. The role of anti-DFS70/LEDGFp75 autoantibodies is highlighted as a possible anti-risk biomarker for autoimmune rheumatic disorders. ANA prevalence in health is different in various regions due to several underlying causes discussed in the review, all influencing additive combinations according to the concept of the mosaic of autoimmunity. Not only are titers, but also HEp-2 IFA) staining patterns, such as AC-2, important. Accepting autoantibodies as a kind of bioregulator, not only the upper, but also the lower borders of their normal range should be determined; not only their excess, but also a lack of them or "autoimmunodeficiency" could be the reason for disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Pashnina
- Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, 620149 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Irina M. Krivolapova
- Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, 620149 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (M.V.C.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Tamara V. Fedotkina
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.F.); (V.A.R.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Varvara A. Ryabkova
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.F.); (V.A.R.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Margarita V. Chereshneva
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (M.V.C.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Leonid P. Churilov
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.F.); (V.A.R.); (L.P.C.)
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeriy A. Chereshnev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (M.V.C.); (V.A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
McKay KM, Lim LL, Van Gelder RN. Rational laboratory testing in uveitis: A Bayesian analysis. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 66:802-825. [PMID: 33577878 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Uveitis encompasses a heterogeneous group of clinical entities with the common feature of intraocular inflammation. In addition to patient history and examination, a focused set of laboratory investigations is frequently necessary to establish a specific diagnosis. There is limited consensus among uveitis specialists regarding appropriate laboratory evaluation for many distinct patient presentations. The appropriateness of a laboratory test for a given case of uveitis will depend on patient-specific as well as epidemiologic factors. Bayesian analysis is a widely used framework for the interpretation of laboratory testing, but is seldom adhered to in clinical practice. Bayes theorem states that the predictive value of a particular laboratory test depends on the sensitivity and specificity of that test, as well as the prevalence of disease in the population being tested. In this review we will summarize the performance of commonly-utilized laboratory tests for uveitis, as well as the prevalence of uveitic diagnoses in different geographic practice settings. We will propose a logical framework for effective laboratory testing in uveitic disease through rigorous application of Bayesian analysis. Finally, we will demonstrate that while many highly sensitive laboratory tests offer an effective means to rule out associated systemic disease, limited test specificity and low pretest probability often preclude the diagnosis of systemic disease association with any high degree of certainty, even in the face of positive testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Matthew McKay
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lyndell L Lim
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Russell N Van Gelder
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yodoshi T, Orkin S, Arce-Clachar AC, Bramlage K, Xanthakos SA, Mouzaki M, Valentino PL. Significance of autoantibody seropositivity in children with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12696. [PMID: 32638543 PMCID: PMC8006542 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoantibodies are frequently positive in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without concurrent autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The clinical significance of this is unknown in children. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of autoantibody positivity in pediatric NAFLD and to evaluate its association with disease severity. METHODS Multicenter, retrospective study of patients ≤18 years of age with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD. Descriptive statistics were used and groups were compared using Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney or χ2 testing, and multivariable logistic regression was used for binary or ordinal outcomes. RESULTS One hundred and thirty six patients with a median age of 14 years were included. The median body mass index Z-score was 2.5 (interquartile range 2.2, 2.6). Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA), anti-liver-kidney microsomal antibody, or any combination of autoantibodies were observed in 22%, 14%, 0%, and 33% of patients, respectively. The proportion of patients with a steatosis score ≥2 was significantly higher in those with positive ANA (P = .045). In the multivariable regression analysis, positive ANA was associated with increased odds of steatosis score ≥2 (odds ratio, 5.91; 95% confidential interval, 1.50-23.26), after controlling for potential confounders. No other significant histology differences were seen between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Positive ANA and ASMA are common in children with NAFLD; however, anti-LKM positivity is not. ANA positivity is associated with more severe steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Yodoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sarah Orkin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ana Catalina Arce-Clachar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kristin Bramlage
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stavra A. Xanthakos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marialena Mouzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Pamela L. Valentino
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dinse GE, Parks CG, Weinberg CR, Co CA, Wilkerson J, Zeldin DC, Chan EKL, Miller FW. Increasing Prevalence of Antinuclear Antibodies in the United States. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1026-1035. [PMID: 32266792 DOI: 10.1002/art.41214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidence suggests increasing frequencies of autoimmunity and certain autoimmune diseases, but findings are limited by the lack of systematic data and evolving approaches and definitions. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), the most common biomarker of autoimmunity, changed over a recent 25-year span in the US. METHODS Serum ANA were measured by standard indirect immunofluorescence assays on HEp-2 cells in 14,211 participants age ≥12 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with approximately one-third from each of 3 time periods: 1988-1991, 1999-2004, and 2011-2012. We used logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and survey design variables to estimate changes in ANA prevalence across the time periods. RESULTS The prevalence of ANA was 11.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7-12.6%) in 1988-1991, 11.5% (95% CI 10.3-12.8%) in 1999-2004, and 15.9% (95% CI 14.3-17.6%) in 2011-2012 (P for trend < 0.0001), which corresponds to ~22 million, ~27 million, and ~41 million affected individuals, respectively. Among adolescents age 12-19 years, ANA prevalence increased substantially, with odds ratios (ORs) of 2.02 (95% CI 1.16-3.53) and 2.88 (95% CI 1.64-5.04) in the second and third time periods relative to the first (P for trend < 0.0001). ANA prevalence increased in both sexes (especially in men), older adults (age ≥50 years), and non-Hispanic whites. These increases in ANA prevalence were not explained by concurrent trends in weight (obesity/overweight), smoking exposure, or alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ANA in the US has increased considerably in recent years. Additional studies to determine factors underlying these increases in ANA prevalence could elucidate causes of autoimmunity and enable the development of preventative measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine G Parks
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Caroll A Co
- Social& Scientific Systems, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Darryl C Zeldin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Frederick W Miller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Endreffy I, Bjørklund G, Bartha A, Chirumbolo S, Dadar M, Fényi Á. Plasma α-L-fucosidase-1 in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and other rheumatic disorders. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 22:1762-1767. [PMID: 31419081 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human α-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.51) is a hydrolase the importance of which has been increasing in the latest years. However, data about its plasma level in children with autoimmune disorders, particularly Sjögren's syndrome (SS), are lacking. In this study, the plasma activity of L-α-fucosidase-1 (α-L-FUCA-1) was assayed in hospitalized children and adults and its association with SS and other rheumatic disorders further evaluated. METHODS In total 73 Hungarian hospitalized patients, 32 children (2.5-10 years) and 41 adults (32-68 years), were enrolled in the study and underwent plasma assay of α-L-FUCA1 activity. Linear regression, Durbin-Watson (DW), and Pearson tests were evaluated to investigate the relationship between α-L-FUCA-1 plasma levels and autoimmune manifestations. RESULTS α-L-FUCA-1 correlated with SS both in children (2-sided t test, P = 0.0023) and in adults (2-sided t test, P = 0.00035). Linear regressions showed that in other rheumatic disorders, α-L-FUCA1 did not show any differential distribution related to the particular pathology (r = 0.2042, P = 0.1531, DW test = 2.2139 positive), while this trend was radically opposite for patients with SS (r = 0.1462, P = 0.0032, DW test = 1.3664, negative). CONCLUSIONS Alterations in plasma level of α-L-FUCA-1 were significantly associated with SS. This preliminary result should encourage further research on α-L-FUCA-1 as a possible differential serological marker of SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Endreffy
- Department of Pediatrics, Jósa András County Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Attila Bartha
- Department of Rheumatology, Jósa András County Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ágnes Fényi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. The clinical usage and definition of autoantibodies in immune-mediated liver disease: A comprehensive overview. J Autoimmun 2018; 95:144-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
26
|
Kim JY. Diagnostic Approach of Childhood Immune Thrombocytopenia. CLINICAL PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY-ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15264/cpho.2018.25.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D, Baumann U, Czubkowski P, Debray D, Dezsofi A, Fischler B, Gupte G, Hierro L, Indolfi G, Jahnel J, Smets F, Verkade HJ, Hadžić N. Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Autoimmune Liver Disease: ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee Position Statement. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66:345-360. [PMID: 29356770 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paediatric autoimmune liver disease is characterized by inflammatory liver histology, circulating autoantibodies, and increased levels of IgG, in the absence of a known etiology. Three conditions have a likely autoimmune pathogenesis: autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis, and de novo AIH after liver transplantation. Two types of pediatric AIH are recognized according to seropositivity for smooth muscle and/or antinuclear antibody (AIH-1) or liver kidney microsomal type 1 and/or anti-liver cytosol type 1 antibodies (AIH-2).Pertinent issues addressing the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up were formulated by a core group of ESPGHAN members. They have commissioned the first authors with execution of this project. Initially, they have performed a systematic literature search on MEDLINE, ResearchGate, and Mendeley databases during the last 30 years and produced a document focusing on prospective and retrospective studies in children. The ESPGHAN core group and ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee members voted on each recommendation, using a formal voting technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Vergani
- MowatLabs, Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
| | - Piotr Czubkowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition Disturbances and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominique Debray
- Pediatric Hepatology Unit, AP-HP-Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Antal Dezsofi
- First Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Björn Fischler
- Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Girish Gupte
- Liver Unit (Including Small Bowel Transplantation), Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Loreto Hierro
- Hospital Infantil Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Paediatric and Liver Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Jörg Jahnel
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Françoise Smets
- UCL, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Dept of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nedim Hadžić
- MowatLabs, Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pang SY, Dai YM, Zhang RZ, Chen YH, Peng XF, Fu J, Chen ZR, Liu YF, Yang LY, Wen Z, Yu JK, Liu HY. Autoimmune liver disease-related autoantibodies in patients with biliary atresia. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:387-396. [PMID: 29391761 PMCID: PMC5776400 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i3.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of autoimmune liver disease (ALD)-related autoantibodies in patients with biliary atresia (BA).
METHODS Sera of 124 BA patients and 140 age-matched non-BA controls were assayed for detection of the following autoantibodies: ALD profile and specific anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs), by line-blot assay; ANA and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), by indirect immunofluorescence assay; specific ANCAs and anti-M2-3E, by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Associations of these autoantibodies with the clinical features of BA (i.e., cytomegalovirus infection, degree of liver fibrosis, and short-term prognosis of Kasai procedure) were evaluated by Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
RESULTS The overall positive rate of serum autoantibodies in preoperative BA patients was 56.5%. ALD profile assay showed that the positive reaction to primary biliary cholangitis-related autoantibodies in BA patients was higher than that to autoimmune hepatitis-related autoantibodies. Among these autoantibodies, anti-BPO was detected more frequently in the BA patients than in the controls (14.8% vs 2.2%, P < 0.05). Accordingly, 32 (25.8%) of the 124 BA patients also showed a high positive reaction for anti-M2-3E. By comparison, the controls had a remarkably lower frequency of anti-M2-3E (P < 0.05), with 6/92 (8.6%) of patients with other liver diseases and 2/48 (4.2%) of healthy controls. The prevalence of ANA in BA patients was 11.3%, which was higher than that in disease controls (3.3%, P < 0.05), but the reactivity to specific ANAs was only 8.2%. The prevalence of ANCAs (ANCA or specific ANCAs) in BA patients was also remarkably higher than that in the healthy controls (37.9% vs 6.3%, P < 0.05), but showed no difference from that in patients with other cholestasis. ANCA positivity was closely associated with the occurrence of postoperative cholangitis (r = 0.61, P < 0.05), whereas none of the autoantibodies showed a correlation to cytomegalovirus infection or the stages of liver fibrosis.
CONCLUSION High prevalence of autoantibodies in the BA developmental process strongly reveals the autoimmune-mediated pathogenesis. Serological ANCA positivity may be a useful predictive biomarker of postoperative cholangitis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic/blood
- Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic/immunology
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Biliary Atresia/blood
- Biliary Atresia/immunology
- Biliary Atresia/surgery
- Biomarkers/blood
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/blood
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/blood
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/blood
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/immunology
- Humans
- Infant
- Liver Cirrhosis/blood
- Liver Cirrhosis/immunology
- Male
- Portoenterostomy, Hepatic/adverse effects
- Portoenterostomy, Hepatic/methods
- Postoperative Complications/blood
- Postoperative Complications/epidemiology
- Postoperative Complications/etiology
- Preoperative Period
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yin Pang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Mei Dai
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rui-Zhong Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Peng
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun-Feng Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Yuan Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Wen
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Kang Yu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Ying Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li-Thiao-Te V, Uettwiller F, Quartier P, Lacaille F, Bader-Meunier B, Brousse V, de Montalembert M. Coexistent sickle-cell anemia and autoimmune disease in eight children: pitfalls and challenges. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2018; 16:5. [PMID: 29343274 PMCID: PMC5772694 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-017-0221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) present a defective activation of the alternate complement pathway that increases the risk of infection and is thought to predispose to autoimmune disease (AID). However, coexisting AID and SCD is rarely reported, suggesting possible underdiagnosis due to an overlapping of the symptoms. STUDY DESIGN Among 603 patients with SCD followed between 1999 and June 2016, we retrospectively searched for patients with coexisting SCD and AID. RESULTS We identified 8 patients aged from 7 to 17 years diagnosed with AID; juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 3), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 2), Sjögren's syndrome (n = 1) and autoimmune hepatitis (n = 2). The diagnosis of AID was often delayed due to similarities of the symptoms with those of SCD. Patients treated with steroids experienced multiple vaso-occlusive crises and received prophylactic chronic blood transfusions when it was possible. Tolerance to other immunosuppressive and biological treatments, such as anti-TNF agents, was good. A remission of AID was achieved in 4 patients, without worsening the course of the SCD. One patient underwent a geno-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that cured both diseases. Another one underwent a successful liver transplantation. CONCLUSION Coexistence of AID and SCD generates diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Early diagnosis of AID is important to define the best treatment, which may include targeted biological therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Li-Thiao-Te
- Onco-Hématologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens, Amiens, France.
| | - Florence Uettwiller
- 0000 0004 0593 9113grid.412134.1Unité d’Immunologie-Hématologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de référence pour la Rhumatologie et les maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques de l’Enfant, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Quartier
- 0000 0004 0593 9113grid.412134.1Unité d’Immunologie-Hématologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de référence pour la Rhumatologie et les maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques de l’Enfant, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France ,0000 0001 2188 0914grid.10992.33Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France ,grid.462336.6IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
| | - Florence Lacaille
- 0000 0004 0593 9113grid.412134.1Hépatologie-Gastroentérologie-Nutrition Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bader-Meunier
- 0000 0004 0593 9113grid.412134.1Unité d’Immunologie-Hématologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de référence pour la Rhumatologie et les maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques de l’Enfant, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France ,0000 0001 2188 0914grid.10992.33Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France ,grid.462336.6IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
| | - Valentine Brousse
- 0000 0004 0593 9113grid.412134.1Pédiatrie Générale, Centre de Référence des Hémoglobinopathies, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Labex-GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Mariane de Montalembert
- 0000 0004 0593 9113grid.412134.1Pédiatrie Générale, Centre de Référence des Hémoglobinopathies, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Labex-GR-Ex, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Association between demyelinating disease and autoimmune rheumatic disease in a pediatric population. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2017; 57:224-228. [PMID: 28535894 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. Autoimmunity in patients with demyelinating disease and in their families has been broadly investigated and discussed. Recent studies show a higher incidence of rheumatic autoimmune diseases among adult patients with MS or NMO and their families, but there are no studies in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVE To evaluate an association of MS and NMO with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in pediatric patients. METHOD 22 patients younger than 21 years old with MS or NMO diagnosed before the age of 18 years were evaluated regarding epidemiological data, clinical presentation, association with autoimmune diseases, family history of autoimmune diseases, laboratory findings, imaging studies and presence of auto-antibodies. RESULTS Among the patients studied, there was a prevalence of females (68.1%). The mean age of symptoms onset was 8 years and 9 months and the mean current age was 16 years and 4 months. Two patients (9%) had a history of associated autoimmune rheumatic disease: one case of juvenile dermatomyositis in a patient with NMO and another of systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with MS. Three patients (13%) had a family history of autoimmunity in first-degree relatives. Antinuclear antibody was found positive in 80% of patients with NMO and 52% of patients with MS. About 15% of antinuclear antibody-positive patients were diagnosed with rheumatologic autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION Among patients with demyelinating diseases diagnosed in childhood included in this study there was a high frequency of antinuclear antibody positivity but a lower association with rheumatologic autoimmune diseases than that observed in studies conducted in adults.
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Abstract
Autoantibody testing is performed to help diagnose patients who have clinical symptoms suggestive of possible autoimmune diseases. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are present in many systemic autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, a positive ANA test may also be seen with non-autoimmune inflammatory diseases, including both acute and chronic infections. When the ANA test is used as an initial screen in patients with non-specific clinical symptoms, such as fever, joint pain, myalgias, fatigue, rash, or anemia, the likelihood of a positive result due to infection will increase, especially in children. This article identifies acute and chronic infectious diseases that are likely to produce a positive ANA result and summarizes recent literature addressing both the causes and consequences of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Litwin
- a Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Steven R Binder
- b Clinical Diagnostics Group, Bio-Rad Laboratories , Hercules , California , USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Amorim ALM, Cabral NC, Osaku FM, Len CA, Oliveira EM, Terreri MT. Associação entre doença desmielinizante e doença reumática autoimune em uma população pediátrica. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
34
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study is to estimate autoantibody (auto-AB) frequency, clinical characteristics, and 21-day outcome of participants in the Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group (PALFSG) by antinuclear antibody, smooth muscle antibody, and liver-kidney microsomal (LKM) antibody status. METHODS Auto-ABs were determined at local and/or central laboratories. Subjects were assigned to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), indeterminate, and other diagnoses groups. RESULTS Between 1999 and 2010, 986 subjects were enrolled in the PALFSG. At least 1 auto-AB result was available for 722 (73.2%). At least 1 auto-AB was positive for 202 (28.0%). Diagnoses for auto-AB+ subjects were AIH (63), indeterminate (75), and other (64). Auto-ABs were more common in Wilson disease (12/32, 37.5%) compared with other known diagnoses (52/253, 20.6%, P = 0.03). LKM+ subjects were younger (median 2.4 vs 9.1 years, P < 0.001) and more likely to undergo liver transplantation (53.3% vs 31.4% P = 0.02) than other auto-AB+/LKM- subjects. Steroid treatment of subjects who were auto-AB+ was not significantly associated with survival and the subgroup with known diagnoses other than AIH had a higher risk of death. CONCLUSIONS Auto-ABs are common in children with acute liver failure, occurring in 28%. Auto-AB+ subjects have similar outcomes to auto-AB negative subjects. LKM+ children are younger and more likely to undergo liver transplantation compared with other auto-AB+ subjects. Although auto-AB may indicate a treatable condition, positivity does not eliminate the need for a complete diagnostic evaluation because auto-ABs are present in other conditions. The significance of auto-AB in pediatric acute liver failure remains uncertain, but LKM+ appears to identify a unique population of children who merit further study.
Collapse
|
35
|
Somers EC, Monrad SU, Warren JS, Solano M, Schnaas L, Hernandez-Avila M, Tellez-Rojo MM, Hu H. Antinuclear antibody prevalence in a general pediatric cohort from Mexico City: discordance between immunofluorescence and multiplex assays. Clin Epidemiol 2016; 9:1-8. [PMID: 28053555 PMCID: PMC5192054 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s121632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize antinuclear antibody (ANA) prevalence according to distinct assay methodologies in a pediatric cohort from Mexico City, and to further examine associations with age and sex. METHODS Serum ANA were measured by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and multiplex immunoassay in 114 children aged 9-17 years. IFA was considered positive at a cutoff titer of ≥1:80. Agreement between assay methods was assessed by kappa statistic. Sensitivity, specificity, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the multiplex were computed with IFA as the reference standard. RESULTS Of the 114 children (mean age 14.7 [standard deviation 2.1] years; 54 [47%] female), 18 of 114 (15.8%) were ANA positive by IFA, and 11 of 114 (9.6%) by 11-antigen multiplex assay. ANA prevalence was higher in females compared with males by both of the methods (ratios 1.6-1.9 to 1). Agreement between tests was classified as slight by kappa (κ=0.177 [95% CI -0.051, 0.406]). The multiplex immunoassay had sensitivity of 22.2% (95% CI 6.4, 47.6) and specificity of 92.7% (95% CI 85.6, 97.0), and failed to capture 3 of 4 (75%) of the high-titer (≥1:1280) IFA-positives. CONCLUSION Up to 15% of children in this general population cohort were ANA positive, with a higher rate of positivity among females according to both assay methods. Substantial discordance in ANA results was found between IFA and multiplex methods, even for high-titer IFA positives. These findings underscore the need to sufficiently account for assay characteristics when interpreting ANA test results, and support IFA as the more appropriate assay for studies of subclinical autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Somers
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Environmental Health Sciences; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
| | | | - Jeffrey S Warren
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maritsa Solano
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Hernandez-Avila
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos
| | - Martha Maria Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos
| | - Howard Hu
- Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Correll CK, Spector LG, Zhang L, Binstadt BA, Vehe RK. Use of Rheumatology Laboratory Studies Among Primary Pediatricians. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2016; 55:1279-1288. [PMID: 26755273 PMCID: PMC5233599 DOI: 10.1177/0009922815624902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatology laboratory tests are often inappropriately ordered in situations for which they are of low diagnostic utility. We surveyed pediatricians to investigate reasons for ordering these tests. The response rate was 15.3% (93/609). The most commonly ordered tests were antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody, and rheumatoid factor (RF). Of the 89% (83/93) who ordered an ANA, 86% ordered it for correct/possibly correct reasons; of the 73% (68/93) who ordered RF, 80% did so for correct/possibly correct reasons; and among the 59% (54/92) who had ordered anti-dsDNA antibody, 34% ordered it for correct reasons. A positive relationship was seen between years since residency completion and correct use of ANA. However, positive associations were not seen between measures of pediatric rheumatology experience and correct use of other tests. Interventions are needed to improve pediatricians' utilization of rheumatology tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen K. Correll
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Logan G. Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bryce A. Binstadt
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Richard K. Vehe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dababneh RH, Jebrin SE, Khouri AT, Bissada NF. Papillon-Lefèvre or Haim-Munk Syndrome? Report on Two Sisters in a Consanguineous Family. Clin Adv Periodontics 2015; 5:192-200. [DOI: 10.1902/cap.2014.130089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
38
|
Liberal R, Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G. Update on Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2015; 3:42-52. [PMID: 26357634 PMCID: PMC4542083 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2014.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), a liver disorder affecting both children and adults, is characterized by inflammatory liver histology, elevated transaminase levels, circulating nonorganspecific autoantibodies, and increased levels of immunoglobulin G, in the absence of a known etiology. Two types of AIH are recognized according to seropositivity: smooth muscle antibody and/or antinuclear antibody define AIH type 1 and antibodies to liver-kidney microsome type 1 and/or liver cytosol type 1 define AIH type 2. AIH type 1 affects both adults and children, while AIH type 2 is mainly a paediatric disease, though it does occasionally affects young adults. AIH should be considered during the diagnostic workup of any patient with increased liver enzyme levels. AIH is exquisitely responsive to immunosuppressive treatment with prednisolone with or without azathioprine, with symptom free long-term survival for the majority of patients. For those who do not respond to standard treatment, or who are difficult-to-treat, mycophenolate mofetil and, in the absence of a response, calcineurin inhibitors should be tried in addition to steroids. The pathogenesis of AIH is not fully understood, although there is mounting evidence that genetic susceptibility, molecular mimicry and impaired immunoregulatory networks contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of the autoimmune attack. Liver damage is thought to be mediated primarily by CD4 T-cells, although recent studies support the involvement of diverse populations, including Th17 cells. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of AIH is likely to contribute to the development of novel treatments, such as the adoptive transfer of autologous expanded antigenspecific regulatory T-cells, which ultimately aim at restoring tolerance to liver-derived antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Liberal
- Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre and Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diego Vergani
- Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre and Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giorgina Mieli-Vergani
- Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre and Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Frankovich J, Thienemann M, Pearlstein J, Crable A, Brown K, Chang K. Multidisciplinary clinic dedicated to treating youth with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome: presenting characteristics of the first 47 consecutive patients. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2015; 25:38-47. [PMID: 25695943 PMCID: PMC4340335 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2014.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abrupt, dramatic onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or eating restriction with at least two coinciding symptoms (anxiety, mood dysregulation, irritability/aggression/oppositionality, behavioral regression, cognitive deterioration, sensory or motor abnormalities, or somatic symptoms) defines pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). Descriptions of clinical data in such youth are limited. METHODS We reviewed charts of 53 consecutive patients evaluated in our PANS Clinic; 47 met PANS symptom criteria but not all met the requirement for "acute onset." Patients meeting full criteria for PANS were compared with patients who had a subacute/insidious onset of symptoms. RESULTS Nineteen of 47 (40%) patients in the study had acute onset of symptoms. In these patients, autoimmune/inflammatory diseases and psychiatric disorders were common in first-degree family members (71% and 78%, respectively). Most acute-onset patients had a relapsing/remitting course (84%), prominent sleep disturbances (84%), urinary issues (58%), sensory amplification (66%), gastrointestinal symptoms (42%), and generalized pain (68%). Inflammatory back pain (21%) and other arthritis conditions (28%) were also common. Suicidal and homicidal thoughts and gestures were common (44% and 17%, respectively) as were violent outbursts (61%). Group A streptococcus (GAS) was the most commonly identified infection at onset (21%) and during flares (74%). Rates of the above-mentioned characteristics did not differ between the acute-onset group and the subacute/insidious-onset groups. Low levels of immunoglobulins were more common in the subacute/insidious-onset group (75%) compared with the acute-onset group (22%), but this was not statistically significant (p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS In our PANS clinic, 40% of patients had acute onset of symptoms. However, those with and without acute onset of symptoms had similar symptom presentation, rates of inflammatory conditions, somatic symptoms, and violent thoughts and behaviors. GAS infections were the most commonly identified infection at onset and at symptom flares. Because of the wide variety of medical and psychiatric symptoms, youth with PANS may require a multidisciplinary team for adequate care management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Frankovich
- Stanford PANS Clinic and Research Program at Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Margo Thienemann
- Stanford PANS Clinic and Research Program at Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jennifer Pearlstein
- Stanford PANS Clinic and Research Program at Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Amber Crable
- Stanford PANS Clinic and Research Program at Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kayla Brown
- Stanford PANS Clinic and Research Program at Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kiki Chang
- Stanford PANS Clinic and Research Program at Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chang K, Frankovich J, Cooperstock M, Cunningham MW, Latimer ME, Murphy TK, Pasternack M, Thienemann M, Williams K, Walter J, Swedo SE. Clinical evaluation of youth with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): recommendations from the 2013 PANS Consensus Conference. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2015; 25:3-13. [PMID: 25325534 PMCID: PMC4340805 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2014.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
On May 23 and 24, 2013, the First PANS Consensus Conference was convened at Stanford University, calling together a geographically diverse group of clinicians and researchers from complementary fields of pediatrics: General and developmental pediatrics, infectious diseases, immunology, rheumatology, neurology, and child psychiatry. Participants were academicians with clinical and research interests in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcus (PANDAS) in youth, and the larger category of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). The goals were to clarify the diagnostic boundaries of PANS, to develop systematic strategies for evaluation of suspected PANS cases, and to set forth the most urgently needed studies in this field. Presented here is a consensus statement proposing recommendations for the diagnostic evaluation of youth presenting with PANS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiki Chang
- Professor of Psychiatry, Director of the Pediatric Bipolar Disorders Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jennifer Frankovich
- Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics-Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael Cooperstock
- Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Madeleine W. Cunningham
- Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Norman, Oklahoma
| | | | - Tanya K. Murphy
- Director and Professor of Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of South Florida, St Petersburg, Florida
| | - Mark Pasternack
- Unit Chief of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margo Thienemann
- Associate Professor on the Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kyle Williams
- Director of the Behavior and Immunology Clinic in the OCD and Related Disorders Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jolan Walter
- Director, Pediatric Immunodeficiency Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan E. Swedo
- Chief, Pediatrics & Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Rockville, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fahl K, Silva CA, Pastorino AC, Carneiro-Sampaio M, Jacob CMA. [Autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies in pediatric patients and their first-degree relatives with immunoglobulin A deficiency]. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2015; 55:197-202. [PMID: 25582995 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical manifestations of Immunoglobulin A Deficiency (IgAD) include recurrent infections, atopy and autoimmune diseases. However, to our knowledge, the concomitant evaluations of autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies in a cohort of IgAD patients with current age > 10 years-old and their relatives have not been assessed. OBJECTIVES To evaluate autoimmune diseases and the presence of autoantibodies in IgAD patients and their first-degree relatives. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 34 IgAD patients (current age > 10 years-old) and their first-degree relatives. All of them were followed at a tertiary Brazilian primary immunodeficiency center: 27 children/adolescents and 7 of their first-degree relatives with a late diagnosis of IgAD. Autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies (antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and anti-thyroglobulin, anti-thyroperoxidase and IgA class anti-endomysial antibodies) were also assessed. RESULTS Autoimmune diseases (n=14) and/or autoantibodies (n=10, four of them with isolated autoantibodies) were observed in 18/34 (53%) of the patients and their relatives. The most common autoimmune diseases found were thyroiditis (18%), chronic arthritis (12%) and celiac disease (6%). The most frequent autoantibodies were antinuclear antibodies (2%), anti-thyroglobulin and/or anti-thyroperoxidase (24%). No significant differences were observed in the female gender, age at diagnosis and current age in IgAD patients with and without autoimmune diseases and/or presence of autoantibodies (p>0.05). The frequencies of primary immunodeficiency's in family, autoimmunity in family, atopy and recurrent infections were similar in both groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies were observed in IgAD patients during follow-up, reinforcing the necessity of a rigorous and continuous follow-up during adolescence and adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Fahl
- Unidade de Alergia Pediátrica e Imunologia, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Clovis A Silva
- Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil; Divisão de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Antonio C Pastorino
- Unidade de Alergia Pediátrica e Imunologia, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Magda Carneiro-Sampaio
- Unidade de Alergia Pediátrica e Imunologia, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Cristina M A Jacob
- Unidade de Alergia Pediátrica e Imunologia, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sperotto F, Cuffaro G, Brachi S, Seguso M, Zulian F. Prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in schoolchildren during puberty and possible relationship with musculoskeletal pain: a longitudinal study. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:1405-8. [PMID: 24737914 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in children has still to be elucidated. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence and persistence of ANA in schoolchildren during the puberty switch, and the possible relationship with chronic noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain (MSP). METHODS Children aged 8-13 years and attending 4 public schools underwent a clinical examination, focusing on pubertal stage and presence of chronic noninflammatory MSP. Laboratory tests to determine the autoantibody-profile were also performed. Subjects with ANA positivity (titer ≥ 1:80) and/or chronic noninflammatory MSP were re-evaluated 3 years later. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-one subjects enrolled in the study and 12.3% were ANA-positive, equally distributed in terms of sex and pubertal status. Three years later, in the group of patients studied for chronic noninflammatory MSP (n = 67), ANA positivity significantly increased from 13.4% to 44.8%. In the ANA-positive cohort at baseline (n = 28), 92.9% of subjects were confirmed as being ANA-positive with a significantly increased titer. No association between ANA positivity and chronic noninflammatory MSP was found. CONCLUSION ANA prevalence and titers increase during puberty, especially in females, but have no relationship with chronic noninflammatory MSP. This finding may be related to the complex hormonal changes during the puberty switch period and opens new insights into autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sperotto
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.F. Sperotto, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; G. Cuffaro, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; S. Brachi, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; M. Seguso, MD, Assistant Professor, Laboratory Medicine; F. Zulian, MD, Assistant Professor, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua
| | - Giorgio Cuffaro
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.F. Sperotto, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; G. Cuffaro, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; S. Brachi, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; M. Seguso, MD, Assistant Professor, Laboratory Medicine; F. Zulian, MD, Assistant Professor, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua
| | - Sara Brachi
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.F. Sperotto, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; G. Cuffaro, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; S. Brachi, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; M. Seguso, MD, Assistant Professor, Laboratory Medicine; F. Zulian, MD, Assistant Professor, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua
| | - Mara Seguso
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.F. Sperotto, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; G. Cuffaro, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; S. Brachi, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; M. Seguso, MD, Assistant Professor, Laboratory Medicine; F. Zulian, MD, Assistant Professor, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua
| | - Francesco Zulian
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.F. Sperotto, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; G. Cuffaro, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; S. Brachi, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow; M. Seguso, MD, Assistant Professor, Laboratory Medicine; F. Zulian, MD, Assistant Professor, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
High prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in children with thyroid autoimmunity. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:150239. [PMID: 24741574 PMCID: PMC3987791 DOI: 10.1155/2014/150239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are a hallmark of many autoimmune diseases and can be detected many years before disease onset. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are frequently associated with other organ- and non-organ-specific autoimmune disorders. Objectives. To assess the prevalence of ANA in pediatric patients with AITD and their clinical correlations. METHODS Ninety-three consecutive pediatric patients with AITD were enrolled (86 children with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and 7 with Graves' disease). ANA, anti-double DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, anti-extractable nuclear antigen (anti-ENA), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP), and rheumatoid factor (RF) was obtained. Signs and symptoms potentially related to rheumatic diseases in children were investigated by a questionnaire. RESULTS ANA positivity was found in 66/93 children (71%), anti-ENA in 4/93 (4.3%), anti-dsDNA in 1/93 (1.1%), RF in 3/93 (3.2%), and anti-CCP in none. No significant differences were found between the ANA-positive and ANA-negative groups with respect to age, sex, L-thyroxine treatment, or prevalence of other autoimmune diseases. Overall, parental autoimmunity was found in 23%. CONCLUSIONS ANA positivity was demonstrated in 71% of children with AITD. ANA positivity was not related to overt immune-rheumatic diseases. However, because the positivity of ANA can occur even many years before the onset of systemic autoimmune diseases, prospective studies are warranted.
Collapse
|
44
|
Marconcini ML, Fayad L, Shiozawa MBC, Dantas-Correa EB, Lucca Schiavon LD, Narciso-Schiavon JL. Autoantibody profile in individuals with chronic hepatitis C. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:147-53. [PMID: 23740063 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0039-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoantibodies are often produced during infection with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), but it remains controversial whether they influence the biochemical profile and histological features of this disease. Therefore, this current study sought to describe these autoantibodies and evaluate their impact on the clinical and histological presentation of hepatitis C. METHODS This cross-sectional analytical study assessed patients with HCV (RNA+) from October 2011 to July 2012. RESULTS This study included 66 patients, with a mean age of 53.2±10.5 years. Of these patients, 60.6% were male, and 54.3% presented with genotype 1. Non-organ-specific autoantibodies (NOSA) were detected in 24% of the patients; of these, 7.6% were anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA+), 26.7% were anti-smooth muscle antibodies (SMA+) and 6.8% were liver kidney microsomal type 1 antibodies (LKM1+). With respect to the thyroid autoantibodies, 7.4% were anti-peroxidase (ATPO+) antibodies, and none were anti-thyroglobulin (ATG+) antibodies. Regarding celiac disease autoantibodies, 5.8% were endomysial antibodies (EMA+), and no transglutaminase (TTG+) antibodies were detected. Cryoglobulins were found in 2.1% of patients. When NOSA+ individuals were compared to patients without the presence of NOSAs, they exhibited higher median alkaline phosphatase (0.7 vs. 0.6 xULN; p=0.041), lower median platelet counts (141,500.0 vs. 180,500.0/mm 3 ; p=0.036), lower mean prothrombin activity (72.6±11.5% vs. 82.2±16.0%; p=0.012) and an increased prevalence of significant fibrosis (E≥2) (45.5% vs. 18.2%; p=0.012). There was also a tendency for a greater proportion of NOSA+ cases to have marked periportal activity (APP≥3) (44.5% vs. 15.6%; p=0.087). CONCLUSIONS In addition to the high prevalence of autoantibodies associated with HCV infection, it was observed that NOSA positivity was associated with a more severe histological and biochemical profile of hepatitis C infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Luciana Marconcini
- Núcleo de Estudos em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liberal R, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. Clinical significance of autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis. J Autoimmun 2013; 46:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
46
|
Giannouli E, Chatzidimitriou D, Gerou S, Gavriilaki E, Settas L, Diza E. Frequency and specificity of antibodies against nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens in healthy individuals by classic and new methods. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32:1541-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
47
|
Liberal R, Grant CR, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. Autoimmune hepatitis: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2013; 41:126-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
48
|
Antinuclear antibodies in rosacea patients. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2013; 30:1-5. [PMID: 24278039 PMCID: PMC3834698 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2013.33372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rosacea is a common inflammatory disorder, characterized by a spectrum of facial manifestations. The clinical similarity to other dermatoses, like lupus erythematosus, might lead to misdiagnosis, particularly in patients with elevated antinuclear antibody titers. Aim To assess the frequency, titer and specificity of antinuclear antibodies in rosacea patients and correlate these findings with clinical features. Material and methods The study included 101 rosacea patients and 26 sex- and age-matched controls. Immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody testing was performed on HEp-2 substrates. Patients’ sera with ANA titers of 1 : 160 or higher were evaluated by Euroline analysis. Results Over a half (53.5%) of rosacea patients had an ANA titer greater than or equal to 1 : 160. Within this group 13.86% had a titer of 1 : 320, 8.91% had a titer of 1 : 640, and 6.93% had a titer of 1 : 1,280 or higher. The specificity of these antibodies could not be identified. Elevated ANA titers were present more often in women (55.8%) than in men (44.15%). Only two of 26 healthy volunteers had elevated ANA titers. One had a titer of 1 : 160 and the other of 1 : 320. During a two-year observation period, after the initial ANA testing, none of the patients with ANA titers above 1 : 640 developed an apparent autoimmune disorder. Conclusions Elevated ANA titers are commonly found in rosacea patients, what with simultaneously existing facial erythema and photosensitivity might lead to misdiagnosis of lupus erythematosus. Clinicians should beware of these findings to avoid misdiagnosing lupus erythematosus in rosacea patients with elevated ANA titers.
Collapse
|
49
|
Satoh M, Chan EKL, Ho LA, Rose KM, Parks CG, Cohn RD, Jusko TA, Walker NJ, Germolec DR, Whitt IZ, Crockett PW, Pauley BA, Chan JY, Ross SJ, Birnbaum LS, Zeldin DC, Miller FW. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of antinuclear antibodies in the United States. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2012; 64:2319-27. [PMID: 22237992 PMCID: PMC3330150 DOI: 10.1002/art.34380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence, types, and sociodemographic and biobehavioral correlates of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in the US. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 4,754 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. ANAs were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. In ANA-positive individuals, cellular staining patterns were determined, and specific autoantibody reactivities were assessed by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The ANA prevalence in the US population of individuals ages 12 years and older was 13.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 12.2-15.5%). ANA prevalence increased with age (P=0.01), and ANAs were more prevalent among females than males (17.8% versus 9.6%; P<0.001), with the female-to-male ratio peaking at 40-49 years of age. ANA prevalence was modestly higher in African Americans compared with whites (age-adjusted prevalence odds ratio [POR] 1.30, 95% CI 1.00-1.70). Remarkably, ANAs were less common in overweight and obese individuals (age-adjusted POR 0.74) than in persons of normal weight. No significant associations of ANA with education, family income, alcohol use, smoking history, serum levels of cotinine, or C-reactive protein were observed. In ANA-positive individuals, nuclear patterns were seen in 84.6%, cytoplasmic patterns were seen in 21.8%, and nucleolar patterns were seen in 6.1%; the most common specific autoantibodies were anti-Ro (3.9%) and anti-Su (2.4%). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that more than 32 million persons in the US have ANAs, and that the prevalence is higher among females, older individuals, African Americans, and those with a normal body weight. These data will serve as a useful baseline for future investigations of predictors and changes in ANA prevalence over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Satoh
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Edward K. L. Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | | | - Christine G. Parks
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Todd A. Jusko
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Nigel J. Walker
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dori R. Germolec
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Irene Z. Whitt
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Brad A. Pauley
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jason Y.F. Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Steven J. Ross
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Frederick W. Miller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Murphy TK, Storch EA, Lewin AB, Edge PJ, Goodman WK. Clinical factors associated with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections. J Pediatr 2012; 160:314-9. [PMID: 21868033 PMCID: PMC3227761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore associated clinical factors in children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). STUDY DESIGN Children with tics, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or both (n=109) were examined with personal and family history, diagnostic interview, physical examination, medical record review, and measurement of baseline levels of streptococcal antibodies. RESULTS Significant group differences were found on several variables, such that children in whom PANDAS (versus without PANDAS) were more likely to have had dramatic onset, definite remissions, remission of neuropsychiatric symptoms during antibiotic therapy, a history of tonsillectomies/adenoidectomies, evidence of group A streptococcal infection, and clumsiness. CONCLUSION The identification of clinical features associated with PANDAS should assist in delineating risks for this subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder/tics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya K. Murphy
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Box 7523, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Eric A. Storch
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Box 7523, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Adam B. Lewin
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Box 7523, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Paula J. Edge
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Box 100256, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|