1
|
Haslam SA, Fong P, Haslam C, Cruwys T. Connecting to Community: A Social Identity Approach to Neighborhood Mental Health. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2024; 28:251-275. [PMID: 38146705 PMCID: PMC11193917 DOI: 10.1177/10888683231216136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
ACADEMIC ABSTRACT Integrative theorizing is needed to advance our understanding of the relationship between where a person lives and their mental health. To this end, we introduce a social identity model that provides an integrated explanation of the ways in which social-psychological processes mediate and moderate the links between neighborhood and mental health. In developing this model, we first review existing models that are derived primarily from a resource-availability perspective informed by research in social epidemiology, health geography, and urban sociology. Building on these, the social identity model implicates neighborhood identification in four key pathways between residents' local environment and their mental health. We review a wealth of recent research that supports this model and which speaks to its capacity to integrate and extend insights from established models. We also explore the implications of the social identity approach for policy and intervention. PUBLIC ABSTRACT We need to understand the connection between where people live and their mental health better than we do. This article helps us do this by presenting an integrated model of the way that social and psychological factors affect the relationship between someone's neighborhood and their mental health. This model builds on insights from social epidemiology, health geography, and urban sociology. Its distinct and novel contribution is to point to the importance of four pathways through which neighborhood identification shapes residents' mental health. A large body of recent research supports this model and highlights its potential to integrate and expand upon existing theories. We also discuss how our model can inform policies and interventions that seek to improve mental health outcomes in communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Polly Fong
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Tegan Cruwys
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van der Wal JM, Huth KBS, Lok A, Bockting CL, Stronks K, Nicolaou M. Exploring the mechanisms underlying increased risk of depressive disorder in ethnic minority populations in Europe: A causal loop diagram. Soc Sci Med 2024; 351:116977. [PMID: 38788426 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple ethnic minority populations in Europe show high risk of major depressive disorder (MDD), with ethnic discrimination and low socioeconomic position (SEP) as established risk factors. How this risk is shaped by the interactions between these, and other social factors, remains to be elucidated. We aimed to develop a causal-loop diagram (CLD) to gain a better understanding of how factors at the intersection of ethnic discrimination and SEP dynamically interact to drive MDD risk. METHODS We iteratively mapped the interactions and feedback loops between factors at the intersection of ethnic discrimination and SEP, drawing input from (i) a series of two interviews with a range of MDD domain experts, (ii) an existing CLD mapping the onset of MDD across psychological, biological, and social dimensions at the level of the individual, and (iii) other relevant literature. RESULTS Through tracing the feedback loops in the resulting CLD, we identified ten driving mechanisms for MDD onset in ethnic minorities (two related to ethnic discrimination, SEP, social network and support, and acculturation, as well as one relating to the living environment and self-stigma towards MDD); and four factors that modulate these mechanisms (recent migration, religious affiliation, neighborhood social environment, and public stigma towards MDD). The intersecting nature of ethnic discrimination and SEP, combined with the reinforcing dynamics of the identified driving mechanisms across time- and spatial scales, underscores the excess exposure to circumstances that increase MDD risk in ethnic minorities. CONCLUSIONS While this CLD requires validation through future studies, the intersecting and reinforcing nature of the identified driving mechanisms highlights that tackling the high risk of MDD in ethnic minorities may require intervening at multiple targets, from the individual (e.g., psychological interventions targeting negative beliefs or reducing stress) to the societal level (e.g., addressing labor market discrimination).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M van der Wal
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - K B S Huth
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychological Methods, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Lok
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C L Bockting
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K Stronks
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Nicolaou
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin Y, Jia G, Zhao Z, Li M, Cao G. The association between family adaptability and adolescent depression: the chain mediating role of social support and self-efficacy. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1308804. [PMID: 38596336 PMCID: PMC11002239 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1308804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous research has shown a correlation between family adaptability and adolescent depression. However, there is a lack of studies that have investigated the underlying mechanism between family adaptability and adolescent depression. Based on the Ecological Systems Theory, this study aims to investigate the link between family adaptability and depression in adolescents, mediated by the sequential roles of social support and self-efficacy. Methods The sample consisted of 1086 students randomly selected from seven public middle schools in Shandong Province, Eastern China. All the participants filled in the structured self-report questionnaires on family adaptability, social support, self-efficacy, and depression. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in AMOS 24.0. Results The findings of this study are as follows: (1) Family adaptability is negatively associated with adolescent depression; (2) Social support plays a mediating role between family adaptability and adolescent depression; (3) Self-efficacy plays a mediating role between family adaptability and adolescent depression; (4) Social support and self-efficacy play a chain mediation role between family adaptability and adolescent depression. Conclusion It is suggested that early interventions and support should be provided to facilitate adolescents' family adaptability, social support, and self-efficacy, thus reducing their depression and improving mental health of adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Lin
- College of Teacher Education, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | | | - Zirong Zhao
- College of Teacher Education, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Teacher Education, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Guanghai Cao
- College of Teacher Education, Jining University, Qufu, China
- College of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Auchincloss AH, Mucciaccio F, Fang CY, Ruggiero DA, Hirsch JA, Zhong J, Li M, Egleston BL, Tseng M. Neighborhood gentrification, wealth, and co-ethnic density associations with acculturation stressors among Chinese immigrants. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101476. [PMID: 37583620 PMCID: PMC10424118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined the cross-sectional relationships between neighborhood social composition and gentrification, and acculturation stressors. Methods Person-level data came from first-generation Chinese immigrants enrolled in the Immigrant Enclaves Study (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, baseline 2018-2020, N = 512). A validated scale was used to assess 22 stressors associated with migration or acculturation. Neighborhood characteristics from the American Community Survey 2015-2019 and 2008-2012 included: tract proportion of foreign born Chinese, neighborhood wealth, and past decade gentrification. Most neighborhood exposures were modeled as continuous as well as binary variables (intended to represent highest level of neighborhood exposure). Multivariable negative binomial regression adjusted for age, gender, income, education, employment, language, years in the U.S., and neighborhood variables (proportion co-ethnic, and neighborhood per capita income). Results The majority of participants spoke Mandarin (68% vs Cantonese 32%), mean participant age was 52.7 years old, years in the US was 18, and nearly one-half of the sample had less than 8 years of education. Mean number of stressors was 5.9 with nearly 20% of participants reporting 11 or more stressors. Multivariable results found the number of acculturation stressors was 18% lower for residents in the highest co-ethnic density neighborhoods and 13% lower for residents in the highest wealth areas, compared to other areas (expβ 0.82, 95% CI [CI] 0.69, 0.98; expβ 0.87, CI 0.75, 1.01, respectively). Stressors were no different whether participants lived in gentrified areas or not. Conclusions Among middle-aged Chinese immigrants, acculturation stress was lower for residents in neighborhoods with higher proportion of Chinese immigrants and for residents in neighborhoods with higher wealth, whereas gentrification had no influence on acculturation stress. More work on this topic is needed with vulnerable populations such as this one, informed by local context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Auchincloss
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francesca Mucciaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn Y. Fang
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dominic A. Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jana A. Hirsch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia Zhong
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Minzi Li
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian L. Egleston
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marilyn Tseng
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo M, Wang Y, Liu J, Dong X. Ethnic enclaves, social capital, and psychological well-being of immigrants: the case of Chinese older immigrants in Chicago. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1077-1085. [PMID: 35748884 PMCID: PMC9789212 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2084506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Using a large sample of Chinese older immigrants in Chicago, this study asked two questions: (1) Is living in Chinatown associated with better psychological well-being? (2) What is the role of social capital in such an association?Methods: Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (N = 3,105). Depression and quality of life (QoL) were compared between those who lived in Chinatown and those who didn't. Negative binomial regressions (for depression) and logistic regressions (for QoL) were performed to examine the associations between Chinatown residence, social capital, and the two outcomes.Results: Net of social capital and the control variables, living in Chinatown was marginally associated with fewer depressive symptoms (β= -.137, p = .057), but a significantly lower likelihood of reporting good QoL (OR = .797, CI: .661-.962). Although various forms of social capital were projective of positive psychological well-being, given the overall low social capital of the Chinatown residents, they heightened the mental health risks of this population.Conclusion: The neighborhood context may function to reproduce social disadvantage among aging immigrant populations. The findings point to the importance of intervention at the mezzo level to improve the psychological wellbeing of this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Guo
- University of Iowa, School of Social Work, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- University of Iowa, School of Social Work, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Columbia University, School of Social Work, New York City, New York, USA
| | - XinQi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cohen MF, Corwin EJ, Johnson DA, Amore AD, Brown AL, Barbee NR, Brennan PA, Dunlop AL. Discrimination is associated with poor sleep quality in pregnant Black American women. Sleep Med 2022; 100:39-48. [PMID: 36007430 PMCID: PMC9709719 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightened exposure to racial/ethnic discrimination is associated with poorer sleep health among non-pregnant adults. This relationship has received limited research attention among pregnant women, despite the importance of prenatal sleep quality for optimal maternal and child health outcomes. METHODS We utilized perinatal data from a sample of Black American women (n = 600) participating in a cohort study who reported their lifetime experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and gendered racial stress during early pregnancy and reported on their sleep quality and depressive symptoms during early and mid-pregnancy. Hierarchical multiple linear regression models were fit to examine associations between lifetime experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination or gendered racial stress and sleep quality during early and mid-pregnancy. We also adjusted for women's concurrent depressive symptoms and tested whether the discrimination/sleep quality association varied by socioeconomic status. RESULTS Greater exposure to racial/ethnic discrimination was associated with poorer sleep quality during early (ΔR2 = 0.04, ΔF = 26.08, p < 0.001) and mid-pregnancy (ΔR2 = 0.02, ΔF = 9.88, p = 0.002). Similarly, greater gendered racial stress was associated with poorer sleep quality during early (ΔR2 = 0.10, ΔF = 65.72, p < 0.001) and mid-pregnancy (ΔR2 = 0.06, ΔF = 40.43, p < 0.001. These findings largely held after adjustment for concurrent prenatal depressive symptoms. Socioeconomic status did not modify the observed relationships. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to decrease institutional and interpersonal experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and gendered racism would benefit the sleep quality of pregnant Black American women, particularly during early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dayna A Johnson
- Emory University Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, United States
| | - Alexis Dunn Amore
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, United States
| | - April L Brown
- Emory University Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Nia R Barbee
- Emory University Department of Psychology, United States
| | | | - Anne L Dunlop
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu L, Wang X, Wang X, Guo X, Pan B. Association of Covid-19 pandemic-related stress and depressive symptoms among international medical students. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:20. [PMID: 34991506 PMCID: PMC8739346 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of Covid-19 had negative impacts on the mental stress and induced psychological distress among university students worldwide. This study proposed a moderated mediation model, and hypothesized that the Covid-19 pandemic-related stress was positively related to depressive symptoms among international medical students. METHODS An online survey on stress and depressive symptoms of international students was conducted in a medical university. Questions on Covid-19 pandemic-related stress, Patient Health Quesionnaire-9, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the Perceived Social Support Scale were used as measurements, and model analyses were conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS. RESULTS It was found that 9.83%, 3.08% and 2.12% students had mild, moderate and severe depressive symptoms, respectively, and the positive association between Covid-19 pandemic-related stress and depressive symptoms was significant (β = 0.27, t = 6.87, P < 0.01). Negative coping was also significantly correlated to depressive symptoms (β = 0.26, t = 6.60, P < 0.01), and partially mediated the association between Covid-19 pandemic-related stress and depressive symptoms. Perceived social support had a negative association with depressive symptoms (β=-0.26, t=-6.25, P < 0.01), played a negative moderating role in the relationship between negative coping and depressive symptoms, and moderated the indirect effect of Covid-19 pandemic-related stress on depressive symptoms via negative coping. CONCLUSIONS Results of the study suggested that under the background of continuing pandemic, intervention or prevention of mental health problem is urgently needed for the international students, and depression may be alleviated through reducing negative coping and increasing perceived social support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39, Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, 110022, Shenyang, P.R. China.,China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39, Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, 110022, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xuehang Wang
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Guo
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Bochen Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39, Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, 110022, Shenyang, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tseng M, Walton E, Handorf E, Fang CY. Ethnic density, social support, and loneliness among Chinese immigrants in Philadelphia. WELLBEING, SPACE AND SOCIETY 2021; 2:100050. [PMID: 34498015 PMCID: PMC8423378 DOI: 10.1016/j.wss.2021.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Living in more 'ethnically dense' areas is thought to promote health, possibly by facilitating social support and a sense of belonging. Because of kin networks and cultural obligations, family relationships may be particularly important for Asian immigrants. Chinese-origin individuals are the largest group of Asian Americans and among the most highly segregated, but the psychosocial benefits of living in Chinese neighborhoods are not established. We examined whether Chinese immigrants in areas of higher ethnic density report more social support from family and friends, and less loneliness. For 606 participants recruited 1/2016-5/2019 throughout the Philadelphia region, residences were linked to American Community Survey 2013-2017 data. Ethnic density, operationalized as percent of Census tract residents who were Chinese, was categorized into quintiles. Family/friend support and loneliness were self-reported, then dichotomized to distinguish high levels of family support, friend support, and loneliness. In logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and individual- and tract-level socioeconomic characteristics, ethnic density was associated with high family support (odds ratio (OR) 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09, 3.11) for highest vs. lowest ethnic density quintile)) and inversely associated with loneliness (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12, 0.79, highest vs. lowest quintile). Our findings support the hypothesis that residents of areas with higher ethnic density report more social support from family and less loneliness. Whether these benefits arise from characteristics of the community overall or from the aggregation of individual assets remains to be clarified but has implications for efforts to develop community resources that would benefit all their residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Tseng
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA. (M. Tseng)
| | - Emily Walton
- Department of Sociology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Handorf
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn Y. Fang
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Termorshuizen F, Heerdink ER, Selten JP. The impact of ethnic density on dispensing of antipsychotic and antidepressant medication among immigrants in the Netherlands. Soc Sci Med 2018; 211:87-94. [PMID: 29913304 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A higher own-group ethnic density in the area of residence is often associated with a lower risk for psychotic disorder. For common mental disorders the evidence is less convincing. This study explores whether these findings are mirrored in data on dispensing of antipsychotics and antidepressants. METHODS Health insurance data on dispensed medication among all adults living in the four largest Dutch cities were linked to demographic data from Statistics Netherlands. Dispensing of antipsychotics and antidepressants in 2013 was analyzed in relation to the proportion of the own ethnic group in the neighborhood. RESULTS Higher own-group ethnic density was associated with lower dispensing of antipsychotics among the Moroccan-Dutch (N = 115,455), after adjusting for age, gender, and SES of the neighborhood (ORadj for the highest vs. the lowest density quintile = 0.72 [0.66-0.79]). However, this association vanished after adjustment for household composition (ORadj = 0.93 [0.85-1.03]). Similar results were found for the Turkish-Dutch (N = 105,460) (ORadj = 0.86 [0.76-0.96] and 1.05 [0.94-1.18]). For those of Surinamese (N = 147,123) and Antillean origin (N = 41,430), in contrast, the association between ethnic density and lower risk remained after each adjustment (P < 0.001). For antidepressants, a negative association with own-group ethnic density was consistently found for those of Antillean origin (ORadj = 0.62 [0.52-0.74]) only. CONCLUSION These data on dispensing of psychomedication confirm the ethnic density hypothesis for psychosis alongside earlier equivocal findings for other mental disorders. The negative association between own-group ethnic density and dispensing of antipsychotics among the Moroccan- and Turkish-Dutch may be explained, at least in part, by a favourable household composition (i.e., living in a family) in high-density neighborhoods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Termorshuizen
- Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Sandifortdreef 19, 2333 ZZ, Leiden, the Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Eibert R Heerdink
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Sandifortdreef 19, 2333 ZZ, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience MHeNS, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cervantes J, Perper M, Wong LL, Eber AE, Villasante Fricke AC, Wikramanayake TC, Jimenez JJ. Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review of the Literature. Skin Appendage Disord 2017; 4:1-11. [PMID: 29457005 DOI: 10.1159/000477671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a hair loss disorder affecting 80% of men and 50% of women throughout their lifetime. Therapies for AGA are limited and there is no cure. There is a high demand for hair restoration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a treatment modality shown to promote wound healing, has also been explored as a treatment for AGA. This literature review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of PRP treatment for AGA. Twelve studies conducted from 2011 to 2017 were evaluated and summarized by study characteristics, mode of preparation, and treatment protocols. A total of 295 subjects were given PRP or control treatment in these studies, and evaluated for terminal hair density, hair quality, anagen/telogen hair ratio, keratinocyte proliferation, blood vessel density, etc. Some studies also provided subject self-assessment reports. Most of the studies reviewed showed effectiveness of PRP in increasing terminal hair density/diameter. Additional investigations are needed to determine the optimal treatment regimen for high efficacy of PRP in AGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cervantes
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marina Perper
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lulu L Wong
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ariel E Eber
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandra C Villasante Fricke
- Department of Medicine, Brown University Alpert School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tongyu Cao Wikramanayake
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joaquin J Jimenez
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nobles CJ, Valentine SE, Zepeda ED, Wang Y, Ahles EM, Shtasel DL, Marques L. Residential segregation and mental health among Latinos in a nationally representative survey. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 71:318-323. [PMID: 27885049 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among Latinos, living in a locality with greater Latino ethnic density may be protective for mental health, although findings vary by Latino subgroup, gender and birthplace. Although little studied, Latino residential segregation may capture different pathways linking risk and protective environmental factors to mental health than local ethnic density. METHODS This study evaluated the association between residential segregation and mental distress as measured by the Kessler-10 (K10) among Latino participants in the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). Census data from 2000 was used to calculate metropolitan statistical area (MSA) residential segregation using the dissimilarity and isolation indices, as well as census tract ethnicity density and poverty. Latino subgroup (Puerto Rican, Mexican American, Cuban American and other Latino subgroup), gender and generation status were evaluated as moderators. RESULTS Among 2554 Latino participants in NLAAS, residential segregation as measured by the isolation index was associated with less mental distress (β -0.14, 95% CI -0.26 to -0.03 log(K10)) among Latinos overall after adjustment for ethnic density, poverty and individual covariates. Residential segregation as measured by the dissimilarity index was significantly associated with less mental distress among men (β -0.56, 95% CI -1.04 to -0.08) but not among women (β -0.20, 95% CI -0.45 to 0.04, p-interaction=0.019). No modification was observed by Latino subgroup or generation. CONCLUSIONS Among Latinos, increasing residential segregation was associated with less mental distress, and this association was moderated by gender. Findings suggest that MSA-level segregation measures may capture protective effects associated with living in Latino communities for mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Nobles
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah E Valentine
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E David Zepeda
- Northeastern University, Supply Chain and Information Management, D'Amore-McKim School of Business, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily M Ahles
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Derri L Shtasel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luana Marques
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molina Y, Plascak JJ, Patrick DL, Bishop S, Coronado GD, Beresford SAA. Neighborhood Predictors of Mammography Barriers Among US-Based Latinas. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016; 4:233-242. [PMID: 27059049 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how neighborhood factors are associated with Latinas' barriers to cancer screening, including mammography. To address this gap, we examined barriers to mammography by neighborhood racial/ethnic composition and socioeconomic status among a federally qualified health center (FQHC)-based sample of non-adherent Latinas in Western Washington State. METHODS Baseline data were drawn from a larger intervention study (n = 536 Latinas). Women indicated why they had not obtained a mammogram in the past 2 years (no reason, knowledge, psychocultural, economic). American Community Survey (2007-2011) data were used to calculate four neighborhood measures that were categorized in tertiles (T): socioeconomic-based concentration, socioeconomic-based segregation, Latino-based concentration, and Latino-based segregation. RESULTS The proportion of women reporting knowledge-, psychocultural-, and economic-based reasons for not obtaining mammograms in the past 2 years was, respectively, 0.35, 0.19, and 0.31. Approximately 14 % indicated no particular reason. Relative to women residing in areas with greater Latino-based segregation, women in areas with less Latino-based segregation were less likely to report knowledge-based and economic-based reasons for not obtaining a mammogram (p ≤ 0.05). Relative to women residing in areas with greater concentration of Latinos, women in areas with the lowest concentrations were less likely to report knowledge-based reasons for not obtaining a mammogram (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide important information about the role of neighborhood characteristics and mammography use among Latinas obtaining care from FQHCs. Future research might examine the mediating role of neighborhood characteristics in the efficacy of mammography screening interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamile Molina
- Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jesse J Plascak
- Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donald L Patrick
- Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sonia Bishop
- Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gloria D Coronado
- Kaiser Permanente Research Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Denton EGD, Shaffer JA, Alcantara C, Cadermil E. Neighborhood matters: the impact of Hispanic ethnic density on future depressive symptoms 1-year following an ACS event among Hispanic patients. J Behav Med 2015; 39:28-40. [PMID: 26407692 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-015-9679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Ethnic Density hypothesis posits that living around others from similar ethnic backgrounds reduces the risk of adverse mental health outcomes such as depression. Contrary to this hypothesis, previous work has shown that Hispanic ethnic density is cross-sectionally associated with increased depressive symptom severity among patients hospitalized with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS; myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris). To date, no study has examined the prospective association of Hispanic ethnic density on long-term depressive symptom severity following an acute medical event. We prospectively assessed the impact of Hispanic ethnic density on depressive symptoms, 1-year following an ACS event, among Hispanic adult patients. We tested the non-linear association between ethnic density and depressive symptoms to account for inconsistent findings on the ethnic density hypothesis. At the time of an index ACS event (i.e., baseline, N = 326) and 1-year later (N = 252), Hispanic patients from the Prescription Usage, Lifestyle, and Stress Evaluation prospective cohort study completed the Beck Depression Inventory as a measure of depressive symptom severity. Hispanic ethnic density was defined by the percentage of Hispanic residents within each patient's census tract using data extracted from the American Community Survey Census (2010-2013). Covariates included baseline demographic factors (age, gender, English fluency, education, nativity status), cardiovascular factors (Charlson comorbidity index, left ventricular ejection fraction, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events 6-month prognostic risk score), and neighborhood factors (residential density, income, and percentage of households receiving public assistance). In an adjusted multivariable linear regression analysis there was a significant curvilinear association between Hispanic ethnic density and depressive symptom severity at 1 year. As Hispanic ethnic density increased from low to moderate density, there was an increase in depressive symptoms, but depressive symptoms slightly declined in census tracts with the highest density of Hispanics. Furthermore, gender significantly moderated the relation between Hispanic ethnic density and 1-year depressive symptom severity, such that Hispanic ethnic density was significantly associated with increased depressive symptom severity for female Hispanic patients with ACS, but not for male Hispanic patients. Previous research suggests that ethnic density may be protective against depression in Hispanic enclaves; however, our findings suggest a non-linear ethnic density effect and an overall more complex association between ethnic density and depression. These data add to a growing body of literature on the effects of sociodemographic and contextual factors on health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen-Ge D Denton
- Department of Psychology, City University of New York College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd., Building 4S, Room 229, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Shaffer
- University of Colorado Denver - Denver Campus, CLAS-Psychology, 3NC North Classroom, 1255 10th Street Mall, Denver, CO, 80217, USA
| | - Carmela Alcantara
- Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, Room 810, MC 4600, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Esteban Cadermil
- Department of Psychology, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA, 01610-1477, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arellano-Morales L, Roesch SC, Gallo LC, Emory KT, Molina KM, Gonzalez P, Penedo FJ, Navas-Nacher EL, Teng Y, Deng Y, Isasi CR, Schneiderman N, Brondolo E. Prevalence and Correlates of Perceived Ethnic Discrimination in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:160-176. [PMID: 26491624 DOI: 10.1037/lat0000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Empirical studies examining perceived ethnic discrimination in Latinos of diverse background groups are limited. This study examined prevalence and correlates of discrimination in a diverse sample of U.S. Latinos (N=5,291) from the multi-site Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. The sample permitted an examination of differences across seven groups (Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South American, and Other/Multiple Background). Most participants (79.5%) reported lifetime discrimination exposure and prevalence rates ranged from 64.9% to 98% across groups. Structural Equation Models (SEM) indicated that after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates most group differences in reports of discrimination were eliminated. However, Cubans reported the lowest levels of discrimination, overall among all groups. Furthermore, regional effects were more important than group effects. Participants from Chicago reported the highest levels of discrimination in comparison to other regions. Group differences among Latinos appear to be primarily a function of sociodemographic differences in education, income, and acculturation. In addition, differences in exposure to discrimination may be tied to variables associated with both immigration patterns and integration to U.S. culture. Results highlight the importance of considering historical context and the intersection of discrimination and immigration when evaluating the mental health of Latinos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
| | | | - Kristine M Molina
- Community & Prevention Research Division, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | - Frank J Penedo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Elena L Navas-Nacher
- School of Public Health, Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Yanping Teng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | | | | |
Collapse
|