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Mehta R, Orwig DL, Chen C, Dong Y, Shardell MD, Yamashita T, Falvey JR. Association between pre-hip fracture depression and days at home after fracture and assessing sex differences. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024. [PMID: 39032025 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.19096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip fracture and depression are important public health issues among older adults, but how pre-fracture depression impacts recovery after hip fracture is unknown, especially among males who often experience greater depression severity. Days at home (DAH), or the days spent outside a hospital or healthcare facility, is a novel, patient-centered outcome that can capture meaningful aspects of fracture recovery. How pre-fracture depression impacts DAH after fracture, and related sex differences, remains unclear. METHODS Participants included 63,618 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65+ years, with a hospitalization claim for hip fracture surgery between 2010 and 2017. The primary exposure was a diagnosis of depression at hospital admission, and the primary outcome was total DAH over 12 months post-discharge. Longitudinal associations between pre-fracture depression and the count of DAH among beneficiaries were estimated using Poisson regression models after adjustment for covariates; sex-by-depression interactions were also assessed. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) reflecting relative differences were estimated from these models. RESULTS Overall, beneficiaries with depression were younger, White females, and spent 11 fewer average DAH compared to counterparts without depression when demographic factors (age and sex) (IRR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.90, 0.92; p < 0.0001) and social determinants of health (race, Medicaid dual eligibility, and poverty) were adjusted for (IRR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.91, 0.93; p < 0.0001), but this association attenuated after adjusting for medical complexities (IRR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.01; p = 0.41) and facility and geographical factors (IRR = 1.0037; 95% CI = 0.99, 1.02; p = 0.66). There was no evidence of effect modification by sex. CONCLUSIONS The comorbidity burden of preexisting depression may impact DAH among both male and female Medicare beneficiaries with hip fracture. Results suggest a holistic health approach and secondary prevention of depressive symptoms after hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Denise L Orwig
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle D Shardell
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Public Health, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason R Falvey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Moosavi J, Resch A, Lecchi A, Sokolov AN, Fallgatter AJ, Pavlova MA. Reading language of the eyes in female depression. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae253. [PMID: 38990517 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrations in non-verbal social cognition have been reported to coincide with major depressive disorder. Yet little is known about the role of the eyes. To fill this gap, the present study explores whether and, if so, how reading language of the eyes is altered in depression. For this purpose, patients and person-by-person matched typically developing individuals were administered the Emotions in Masked Faces task and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, modified, both of which contained a comparable amount of visual information available. For achieving group homogeneity, we set a focus on females as major depressive disorder displays a gender-specific profile. The findings show that facial masks selectively affect inferring emotions: recognition of sadness and anger are more heavily compromised in major depressive disorder as compared with typically developing controls, whereas the recognition of fear, happiness, and neutral expressions remains unhindered. Disgust, the forgotten emotion of psychiatry, is the least recognizable emotion in both groups. On the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test patients exhibit lower accuracy on positive expressions than their typically developing peers, but do not differ on negative items. In both depressive and typically developing individuals, the ability to recognize emotions behind a mask and performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test are linked to each other in processing speed, but not recognition accuracy. The outcome provides a blueprint for understanding the complexities of reading language of the eyes within and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Moosavi
- Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Resch
- Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Lecchi
- Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander N Sokolov
- Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina A Pavlova
- Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Juhola J, Arokoski JPA, Ervasti J, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Myllyntausta S, Saltychev M. Sex-related differential item functioning of the Jenkins Sleep Scale: a cross-sectional study among 77 967 employees in the Finnish public sector. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e074867. [PMID: 38458793 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate if the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS) demonstrates sex-related differential item functioning (DIF). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Survey data from the Finnish Public Sector study (2015-2017). PARTICIPANTS 77 967 employees in the Finnish public sector, with a mean age of 51.9 (SD 13.1) years and 82% women. OUTCOME MEASURES Item response theory estimates: difficulty and discrimination parameters of the JSS and differences in these parameters between men and women. RESULTS The mean JSS total score was 6.4 (4.8) points. For all four items of the JSS, the difficulty parameter demonstrated a slight shift towards underestimation of the severity of sleep difficulties. The discrimination ability of all four items was moderate to high. For the JSS composite score, overall discrimination ability was moderate (0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99). Mild uniform DIF (p<0.001) was seen: two items showed better discrimination ability among men and two others among women. CONCLUSIONS The JSS showed overall good psychometric properties among this healthy population of employees in the Finnish public sector. The JSS was able to discriminate people with different severities of sleep disturbances. However, when using the JSS, the respondents might slightly underestimate the severity of these disturbances. While the JSS may produce slightly different results when answered by men and women, these sex-related differences are probably negligible when applied to clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhani Juhola
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari P A Arokoski
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Helsingin yliopistollinen Keskussairaala, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, Turun Yliopisto, Turku, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Mikhail Saltychev
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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4
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Kim M, Kim W, Chung C. The neural basis underlying female vulnerability to depressive disorders. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:297-308. [PMID: 38023591 PMCID: PMC10653660 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2276815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are more prevalent and severe in women; however, our knowledge of the underlying factors contributing to female vulnerability to depression remains limited. Additionally, females are notably underrepresented in studies seeking to understand the mechanisms of depression. Various animal models of depression have been devised, but only recently have females been included in research. In this comprehensive review, we aim to describe the sex differences in the prevalence, pathophysiology, and responses to drug treatment in patients with depression. Subsequently, we highlight animal models of depression in which both sexes have been studied, in the pursuit of identifying models that accurately reflect female vulnerability to depression. We also introduce explanations for the neural basis of sex differences in depression. Notably, the medial prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens have exhibited sex differences in previous studies. Furthermore, other brain circuits involving the dopaminergic center (ventral tegmental area) and the serotonergic center (dorsal raphe nucleus), along with their respective projections, have shown sex differences in relation to depression. In conclusion, our review covers the critical aspects of sex differences in depression, with a specific focus on female vulnerability in humans and its representation in animal models, including the potential underlying mechanisms. Employing suitable animal models that effectively represent female vulnerability would benefit our understanding of the sex-dependent pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woonhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - ChiHye Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Mohammadi S, Seyedmirzaei H, Salehi MA, Jahanshahi A, Zakavi SS, Dehghani Firouzabadi F, Yousem DM. Brain-based Sex Differences in Depression: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:541-569. [PMID: 37058182 PMCID: PMC10102695 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric illness with a wide range of symptoms such as mood decline, loss of interest, and feelings of guilt and worthlessness. Women develop depression more often than men, and the diagnostic criteria for depression mainly rely on female patients' symptoms. By contrast, male depression usually manifests as anger attacks, aggression, substance use, and risk-taking behaviors. Various studies have focused on the neuroimaging findings in psychiatric disorders for a better understanding of their underlying mechanisms. With this review, we aimed to summarize the existing literature on the neuroimaging findings in depression, separated by male and female subjects. A search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of depression. After screening the search results, 15 MRI, 12 fMRI, and 4 DTI studies were included. Sex differences were mainly reflected in the following regions: 1) total brain, hippocampus, amygdala, habenula, anterior cingulate cortex, and corpus callosum volumes, 2) frontal and temporal gyri functions, along with functions of the caudate nucleus and prefrontal cortex, and 3) frontal fasciculi and frontal projections of corpus callosum microstructural alterations. Our review faces limitations such as small sample sizes and heterogeneity in populations and modalities. But in conclusion, it reflects the possible roles of sex-based hormonal and social factors in the depression pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Seyedmirzaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program (INRP), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Jahanshahi
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Sina Zakavi
- School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - David M Yousem
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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D'Alva-Teixeira V, Picó-Pérez M, Morgado P. Determinants of Poor Mental Health of Medical Students in Portugal-A Nationwide Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1991. [PMID: 37510433 PMCID: PMC10379586 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11141991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical students are a population that is vulnerable to the development of anxiety, depression, and burnout. This observational cross-sectional study sought to assess the levels of distress and identify precipitating factors in all students enrolled in a Portuguese medical school during the academic year of 2022/23. Students (n = 768) were surveyed via validated instruments to measure anxiety, depression, and burnout. Sociodemographic information was also collected through a questionnaire. The study indicated that almost half of this population had depressive symptoms. No differences were found in distress levels between medical schools, and when comparing curricular years, higher levels of distress were found in the pre-clinical years in comparison to the clinical ones. Burnout, being a woman, the existence of physical health problems, homo- and bisexual orientations, affective family problems, problems with relationships in the academic community, difficulties in academic performance, and daily organization were identified as predictors of distress. On the other hand, satisfaction with the social support received and with academic ratings were identified as protective factors. In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of distress in medical students, which is associated with personal, physical, social, economic, and academic factors. The identification of predictive factors of distress may allow for the early identification of vulnerable students and for intervention and prevention strategies to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia D'Alva-Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- 2CA-Braga Cinical Academic Center, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
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7
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Pasieczna AH, Szczepanowski R, Sobecki J, Katarzyniak R, Uchmanowicz I, Gobbens RJJ, Kahsin A, Dixit A. Importance analysis of psychosociological variables in frailty syndrome in heart failure patients using machine learning approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7782. [PMID: 37179399 PMCID: PMC10182994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention and diagnosis of frailty syndrome (FS) in cardiac patients requires innovative systems to support medical personnel, patient adherence, and self-care behavior. To do so, modern medicine uses a supervised machine learning approach (ML) to study the psychosocial domains of frailty in cardiac patients with heart failure (HF). This study aimed to determine the absolute and relative diagnostic importance of the individual components of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) questionnaire in patients with HF. An exploratory analysis was performed using machine learning algorithms and the permutation method to determine the absolute importance of frailty components in HF. Based on the TFI data, which contain physical and psychosocial components, machine learning models were built based on three algorithms: a decision tree, a random decision forest, and the AdaBoost Models classifier. The absolute weights were used to make pairwise comparisons between the variables and obtain relative diagnostic importance. The analysis of HF patients' responses showed that the psychological variable TFI20 diagnosing low mood was more diagnostically important than the variables from the physical domain: lack of strength in the hands and physical fatigue. The psychological variable TFI21 linked with agitation and irritability was diagnostically more important than all three physical variables considered: walking difficulties, lack of hand strength, and physical fatigue. In the case of the two remaining variables from the psychological domain (TFI19, TFI22), and for all variables from the social domain, the results do not allow for the rejection of the null hypothesis. From a long-term perspective, the ML based frailty approach can support healthcare professionals, including psychologists and social workers, in drawing their attention to the non-physical origins of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Remigiusz Szczepanowski
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Janusz Sobecki
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Katarzyniak
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabella Uchmanowicz
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robbert J J Gobbens
- Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
- Zonnehuisgroep Amstelland, Amstelveen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anant Dixit
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
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Raffetti E, Donato F, Triolo F, Andersson F, Forsell Y, Galanti MR. Country differences in the cross-sectional associations between smoking and depressive symptoms in adolescence. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:913-918. [PMID: 36331438 PMCID: PMC9713381 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to compare the cross-sectional association between smoking and depressive symptoms among adolescents between Sweden and Italy, two countries historically characterized by different norms about tobacco use and different tobacco control efforts. METHODS A cross-sectional study including 3283 adolescents 15-16 years of age participating in the Swedish KUPOL study and 1947 same-age adolescents from the Italian BE-TEEN study. Current smoking was defined as any smoking in the past 30 days. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and the internalizing score of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Country differences were explored in stratified and interaction analyses. RESULTS Current smoking was associated with a 2- to 3-fold increased odds of depressive symptoms among Swedish adolescents using both CES-DC and SDQ internalizing scale. Among Italian adolescents, slightly lower increased odds of 1.5-2.5 for depressive symptoms with smoking were found using the CES-DC but not the SDQ scale. Both multiplicative and additive interactions for country were significant. The association between smoking and depressive symptoms was weaker among Italian compared with Swedish adolescents for both scores. CONCLUSIONS Countries with different tobacco norms and control show different associations between smoking and depressive symptoms in adolescence, probably due to different psychosocial profiles of smokers. These findings need to be considered when planning tobacco prevention programmes, e.g. by focusing on early detection of mental health distress among adolescents in settings with declining smoking prevalence and restrictive tobacco control environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raffetti
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Natural Hazards and Disaster Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Triolo
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Andersson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Health Care District, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Health Care District, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosaria Galanti
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Health Care District, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kawilapat S, Maneeton B, Maneeton N, Prasitwattanaseree S, Kongsuk T, Arunpongpaisal S, Leejongpermpoon J, Sukhawaha S, Traisathit P. Comparison of unweighted and item response theory-based weighted sum scoring for the Nine-Questions Depression-Rating Scale in the Northern Thai Dialect. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:268. [PMID: 36224520 PMCID: PMC9555165 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Nine-Questions Depression-Rating Scale (9Q) has been developed as an alternative assessment tool for assessing the severity of depressive symptoms in Thai adults. The traditional unweighted sum scoring approach does not account for differences in the loadings of the items on the actual severity. Therefore, we developed an Item Response Theory (IRT)-based weighted sum scoring approach to provide a scoring method that is more precise than the unweighted sum score. Methods Secondary data from a study on the criterion-related validity of the 9Q in the northern Thai dialect was used in this study. All participants were interviewed to obtain demographic data and screened/evaluated for major depressive disorder and the severity of the associated depressive symptoms, followed by diagnosis by a psychiatrist for major depressive disorder. IRT models were used to estimate the discrimination and threshold parameters. Differential item functioning (DIF) of responses to each item between males and females was compared using likelihood-ratio tests. The IRT-based weighed sum scores of the individual items are defined as the linear combination of individual response weighted with the discrimination and threshold parameters divided by the plausible maximum score based on the graded-response model (GRM) for the 9Q score (9Q-GRM) or the nominal-response model (NRM) for categorical combinations of the intensity and frequency of symptoms from the 9Q responses (9QSF-NRM). The performances of the two scoring procedures were compared using relative precision. Results Of the 1,355 participants, 1,000 and 355 participants were randomly selected for the developmental and validation group for the IRT-based weighted scoring, respectively. the gender-related DIF were presented for items 2 and 5 for the 9Q-GRM, while most items (except for items 3 and 6) for the 9QSF-NRM, which could be used to separately estimate the parameters between genders. The 9Q-GRM model accounting for DIF had a higher precision (16.7%) than the unweighted sum-score approach. Discussion Our findings suggest that weighted sum scoring with the IRT parameters can improve the scoring when using 9Q to measure the severity of the depressive symptoms in Thai adults. Accounting for DIF between the genders resulted in higher precision for IRT-based weighted scoring. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-022-01744-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttipong Kawilapat
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huaykaew Road, Suthep, Muang, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Benchalak Maneeton
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Narong Maneeton
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sukon Prasitwattanaseree
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huaykaew Road, Suthep, Muang, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thoranin Kongsuk
- Prasrimahabhodi Psychiatric Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.,Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwanna Arunpongpaisal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huaykaew Road, Suthep, Muang, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Data Science Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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10
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Crum RM, Green KM, Amin-Esmaeili M, Susukida R, Mojtabai R, Storr CL, Riehm KE, Young AS, Reboussin BA. The role of mood disorders in the progression of and recovery from alcohol and drug use problems: A latent transition analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 238:109566. [PMID: 35917762 PMCID: PMC10187057 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Longitudinal research assessing whether mood disorders predict substance use behaviors is limited. We extend our prior work evaluating transition patterns with alcohol use to assess patterns with alcohol and drug use problems. METHOD Using National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions prospective data, waves 1 and 2, we completed latent class analyses to empirically define classes of alcohol and drug problems from DSM disorder criteria. Latent transition analyses were used to assess associations of lifetime mood disorders at baseline with transitions across classes of alcohol and drug problems during follow-up. RESULTS A three-class model of alcohol and drug problems was identified (No problems, Alcohol Problems Only, and Alcohol and Drug Problems) for males and females. Females with mood disorders were over two times more likely to transition from No Problems, and Alcohol Problems Only at baseline to having both Alcohol and Drug Problems at follow-up relative to those without mood disorders (aOR=2.30, 95 % CI=1.31-4.05, p = 0.004, and aOR=2.64, CI=1.24-5.62, p = 0.011, respectively). Furthermore, females with mood disorders were significantly less likely to recover from baseline Alcohol and Drug Problems to Alcohol Problems Only at follow-up (aOR=0.35, CI=0.12-0.98, p = 0.047) relative to those without mood disorders. There were no significant findings for males. DISCUSSION Our study provides evidence that mood disorders impact transitions through classes of alcohol and drug problems among females. The findings emphasize the need for ongoing evaluation of substance use among those with mood conditions, and recognition and treatment of mood disorders among those recovering from substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Crum
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Kerry M Green
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland College Park School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryoko Susukida
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carla L Storr
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kira E Riehm
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea S Young
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beth A Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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11
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Herreen D, Rice S, Ward L, Zajac I. Extending the Male Depression Risk Scale for use with older men: the effect of age on factor structure and associations with psychological distress and history of depression. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1524-1532. [PMID: 34284653 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1947966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Male Depression Risk Scale (MDRS-22) is a self-report scale that assesses externalising and male-typical depression symptoms with promising psychometric properties reported in young-to-middle aged men. However, studies are yet to consider the psychometric properties of the MDRS-22 in older men. This study examined the psychometric properties of the MDRS-22 in both younger and older males and its relationship to prototypic depression symptoms and self-reported depression history. METHOD A community sample of younger (n = 510; 18-64 years) and older (n = 439; 65-93 years) males completed the original 82 MDRS items from which the MDRS-22 was derived, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and provided information regarding previous depression diagnoses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine factor structure. Generalised linear models examined the relationship between externalised and male-typical symptoms with prototypic depression symptoms in younger and older men. RESULTS Model fit indices demonstrated that the MDRS-22 performs well in older males. Results also revealed that the MDRS-22 is associated with prototypic depression symptoms and a previous depression diagnosis in both age groups. CONCLUSION Results support the psychometric validity of the MDRS-22 as a measure of externalising and male-typical depression symptoms in older men. Use of scales such as the MDRS-22 may help to improve the detection of depression in men across the lifespan and may also identify factors that put men at risk of poor physical and mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Herreen
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Health & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lynn Ward
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian Zajac
- Health & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
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12
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Herreen D, Rice S, Zajac I. Brief assessment of male depression in clinical care: Validation of the Male Depression Risk Scale short form in a cross-sectional study of Australian men. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053650. [PMID: 35351704 PMCID: PMC8961138 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a short form of the Male Depression Risk Scale (MDRS-22) for use in primary care, examining associations with prototypic depression symptoms, psychological distress and suicidality. DESIGN Cross-sectional study with 8-month follow-up. SETTING Community-based. PARTICIPANTS A community sample of younger (n=510; 18-64 years) and older (n=439; 65-93 years) men residing in Australia (M age=58.09 years, SD=17.77) participated in the study. A subset of respondents (n=159 younger men; n=169 older men) provided follow-up data approximately eight months later. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative data were obtained through a survey comprising a range of validated measures, including the MDRS-22, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). The MDRS-22 was refined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in line with best practice guidelines. Analysis of variance and generalised linear models were conducted to explore relationships between variables. RESULTS The short-form MDRS consisted of seven items (MDRS-7) and captured all of the domains in the original tool. Participants with mixed symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10 and MDRS-7 > 5) had significantly higher risk of mental illness (K10 ≥ 25) and current suicidality (PHQ-9 item 9 ≥ 1) than those with exclusively prototypic symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10 and MDRS-7 ≤ 5). Furthermore, the MDRS-7 was shown to be effective at predicting elevated symptoms of depression at follow-up, after controlling for previous depression diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide preliminary evidence of the potential utility of the MDRS-7 as a screening tool for externalised and male-type symptoms associated with major depression in men. Field trials of the MDRS-7 in primary care settings may facilitate identification of men at risk of suicide and psychological distress who do not meet cut-off scores for existing measures of major depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Herreen
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Health & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Zajac
- Health & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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13
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Fisher K, Seidler ZE, King K, Oliffe JL, Rice SM. Men's anxiety: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:688-702. [PMID: 34517242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Anxiety disorders are amongst the most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses amongst men; however male-specific anxiety research is lacking. This review explores men's anxiety symptoms and disorders including help-seeking, coping and the role of masculinity. METHOD Four electronic database searches identified 8,333 citations, with 25 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Nineteen studies employed quantitative methods, five studies reported qualitative research, and one utilised mixed methods. RESULTS Unique profiles of anxiety, including psychosomatic symptoms, were identified and persisted over extended periods of time. Men commonly reported self-reliance over formal help-seeking, and typically managed anxiety symptoms through problem-based coping. Masculinity was related to anxiety in complex ways; adherence to norms of toughness could be protective against anxiety onset, while adherence to emotional restrictiveness and heterosexual presentation norms were positively associated with anxiety. The experience of, and help-seeking for anxiety transgressed many men's adherence to masculinity norms resulting in significant social and self-stigmas. LIMITATIONS The anxiety measurement scales utilised were inconsistent across included studies and there was limited scope of research into panic disorders, phobias and agoraphobia. CONCLUSION Findings demonstrate the enduring nature of anxiety for men and a potential under-reporting of symptoms, especially amongst younger men. To better tailor clinical care and public health resources to the needs of men with anxiety disorders, targeted research examining men's lived experiences of (and coping strategies for) anxiety is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Fisher
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Zac E Seidler
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - John L Oliffe
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Simon M Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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14
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Shai A, Koffler S, Hashiloni-Dolev Y. Feminism, gender medicine and beyond: a feminist analysis of "gender medicine". Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:177. [PMID: 34344374 PMCID: PMC8330093 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The feminist women's health movement empowered women's knowledge regarding their health and battled against paternalistic and oppressive practices within healthcare systems. Gender Medicine (GM) is a new discipline that studies the effect of sex/gender on general health. The international society for gender medicine (IGM) was embraced by the FDA and granted funds by the European Union to formulate policies for medical practice and research.We conducted a review of IGM publications and policy statements in scientific journals and popular media. We found that while biological differences between men and women are emphasized, the impact of society on women is under- represented. The effect of gender-related violence, race, ethnic conflicts, poverty, immigration and discrimination on women's health is seldom recognized. Contrary to feminist practice, GM is practiced by physicians and scientists, neglecting voices of other disciplines and of women themselves.In this article we show that while GM may promote some aspects of women's health, at the same time it reaffirms conservative positions on sex and gender that can serve to justify discrimination and disregard the impact of society on women's lives and health. An alternative approach, that integrates feminist thinking and practices into medical science, practice and policies is likely to result in a deep and beneficiary change in women's health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Shai
- Oncology Department, Gailee Medical Center, 89 Meona rd, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Shahar Koffler
- Pediatrics Department, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Yael Hashiloni-Dolev
- Sociology and Anthropology Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ben- Gurion Blvd 1, Be’er-Sheva, Israel
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15
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Tarsuslu B, Durat G. Psychometric properties of the Masculine Depression Scale in Turkish male university students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:287-294. [PMID: 32557723 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the "Masculine Depression Scale" (MDS) in Turkish male university students. DESIGN AND METHOD This methodological study was conducted with 337 male university students in 2018. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reduced the total item number from 44 to 18; the scale included two factors explaining 51.94% of the total variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed standard regression coefficients between .59 and .75. The Cronbach's α values were .74 to .92 and item-total coefficients were 0.22 to 0.71. IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS The two-factor, 18-item MDS is appropriate to assess masculine depression properties in Turkish male university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedia Tarsuslu
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Gulgun Durat
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
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16
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Zani B, Fairall L, Petersen I, Folb N, Bhana A, Thornicroft G, Hanass-Hancock J, Lund C, Bachmann M. Predictors of receiving a diagnosis, referral and treatment of depression in people on antiretroviral therapy in South African primary care: a secondary analysis of data from a randomised trial. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:1450-1466. [PMID: 32985080 PMCID: PMC7756779 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective To describe the receipt of a diagnosis, referral and treatment for depression in people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), with depressive symptoms and attending primary care clinics in South Africa, and investigate factors associated with receiving these components of care. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial of an intervention intended to improve detection and treatment of depression in primary care patients receiving ART. In this analysis, we combined cross‐sectional and longitudinal data from the intervention and control arms. Using regression models and adjusting for intra‐cluster correlation of outcomes, we investigated associations between socioeconomic characteristics, depressive symptoms, stress, disability and stigma, and receipt of a diagnosis, referral and treatment for depression. Results Of 2002 participants enrolled, 18% reported a previous diagnosis of depression by a healthcare worker and 10% reported having received counselling from a specialist mental health worker. Diagnosis, referral and counselling during the follow‐up period were appropriately targeted, being independently more frequent in participants with higher enrolment scores for depressive symptoms, stress or disability. Participants with higher stigma scores at enrolment were independently less likely to receive counselling. Severe socio‐economic deprivation was common but was not associated with treatment. Conclusion While the receipt of a diagnosis, referral and treatment for depression were uncommon, they seemed to be appropriately targeted. Socio‐economic deprivation was not associated with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zani
- Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Fairall
- Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa.,King's Global Health Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - I Petersen
- Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - N Folb
- Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Bhana
- Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - G Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Hanass-Hancock
- HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa.,School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - C Lund
- Centre for Global Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.,Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Bachmann
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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17
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Thielemann D, Richter F, Strauss B, Braehler E, Altmann U, Berger U. Differential Item Functioning in Brief Instruments of Disordered Eating. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Most instruments for the assessment of disordered eating were developed and validated in young female samples. However, they are often used in heterogeneous general population samples. Therefore, brief instruments of disordered eating should assess the severity of disordered eating equally well between individuals with different gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status (SES). Differential item functioning (DIF) of two brief instruments of disordered eating (SCOFF, Eating Attitudes Test [EAT-8]) was modeled in a representative sample of the German population ( N = 2,527) using a multigroup item response theory (IRT) and a multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) structural equation model (SEM) approach. No DIF by age was found in both questionnaires. Three items of the EAT-8 showed DIF across gender, indicating that females are more likely to agree than males, given the same severity of disordered eating. One item of the EAT-8 revealed slight DIF by BMI. DIF with respect to the SCOFF seemed to be negligible. Both questionnaires are equally fair across people with different age and SES. The DIF by gender that we found with respect to the EAT-8 as screening instrument may be also reflected in the use of different cutoff values for men and women. In general, both brief instruments assessing disordered eating revealed their strengths and limitations concerning test fairness for different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Thielemann
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Felicitas Richter
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Bernd Strauss
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Elmar Braehler
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University Hospital, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Altmann
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Uwe Berger
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany
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18
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Male Depression Subtypes and Suicidality: Latent Profile Analysis of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in a Representative Canadian Sample. J Nerv Ment Dis 2018; 206:169-172. [PMID: 29474230 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of men's externalizing symptoms has been theorized to assist in the identification of those at risk of suicide. A nationally representative sample of Canadian men (N = 1000; mean, 49.63 years) provided data on internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and history of recent suicide planning and attempt (previous 4 weeks). Latent profile analysis indicted three classification subtypes. Robust effects were observed regarding history of recent suicide planning and attempt. Men with a marked externalizing profile (12.7% of sample), which included substance use, anger, and risk taking, were significantly more likely to have had a recent suicide plan (risk ratio, 14.47; p < 0.001) or to have attempted suicide within the previous 4 weeks (risk ratio, 21.32; p < 0.001) relative to asymptomatic men (67.7% of sample). Because recent suicide attempt was a rare event in the present sample (n = 13), findings need to be replicated in higher-risk populations. Results support primary care screening for both men's internalizing and externalizing depression symptoms.
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19
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Kunde L, Kõlves K, Kelly B, Reddy P, de Leo D. "The Masks We Wear": A Qualitative Study of Suicide in Australian Farmers. J Rural Health 2018; 34:254-262. [PMID: 29322558 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Farmer suicide is a major public issue in Australia. Using the psychological autopsy method, this study aimed to examine the life and death circumstances of Australian male farmers who died by suicide through verbal reports from their close significant others. METHODS Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 relatives of male farmers who had died by suicide in Queensland or New South Wales, Australia (2006-2014). This study followed the COREQ checklist criteria for the reporting of qualitative research. FINDINGS Six interrelated themes were identified: (1) masculinity, (2) uncertainty and lack of control in farming, (3) feelings of failure in relationships and farming, (4) escalating health problems, (5) maladaptive coping, and (6) acquired capability with access to means. CONCLUSIONS Effective clinical interventions, as well as suicide prevention strategies, need to consider the importance of 3 key issues in suicide among farmers: adherence to masculine norms and socialization; expectations of self in maintaining family traditions and occupation; and a male subtype of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kunde
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian Kelly
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prasuna Reddy
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diego de Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Rice SM, Ogrodniczuk JS, Kealy D, Seidler ZE, Dhillon HM, Oliffe JL. Validity of the Male Depression Risk Scale in a representative Canadian sample: sensitivity and specificity in identifying men with recent suicide attempt. J Ment Health 2017; 28:132-140. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1417565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Rice
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - John S. Ogrodniczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,
| | - David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,
| | - Zac E. Seidler
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,
| | - Haryana M. Dhillon
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, and
| | - John L. Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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