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Hon K, Hamamura T, Lim E, Goh YSS. Nursing students' empathy in response to biological and psychosocial attributions of depression: A vignette-based cross-cultural study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 141:106309. [PMID: 39025001 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy is vital for quality nursing care in acute mental health settings. Although different explanations of mental illnesses shape mental health clinicians' empathy towards people with mental illnesses, it is unclear how such findings translate to the culturally diverse nursing context. AIM The study investigated nursing students' empathy towards people with depression and their perceived clinical utility of biological and psychosocial explanations of depression in Australia and Singapore, focusing on two factors of cultural difference: relational mobility and cultural tightness. DESIGN We used a cross-sectional research design with a repeated-measures component. PARTICIPANTS The sample included 211 nursing students from Australia and Singapore. Participants were predominantly female (81 %), with ages ranging from 18 to 57 years (M = 26.51, SD = 7.61). METHODS Participants completed a vignette-based online questionnaire containing measures of empathy, perceived clinical utility, relational mobility, and cultural tightness. RESULTS Nursing students' empathy in response to the biological and psychosocial explanations of depression differed in Australia (biological: M = 2.96, SD = 0.89, 95 % CI [2.80, 3.13]; psychosocial: M = 3.56, SD = 0.91, [3.39, 3.73]) but not in Singapore (biological: M = 3.05, SD = 0.91, [2.87, 3.23]; psychosocial: M = 3.25, SD = 0.93, [3.06, 3.43]). Relational mobility mediated cross-cultural variances in empathy, b = -0.16, SE = 0.06, 95 % CI [-0.29, -0.05], and perceptions of clinical utility, b = -0.08, SE = 0.05, [-0.20, -0.00], when depression was explained psychosocially. CONCLUSIONS Nursing students' empathy and perceived clinical utility of explanations of depression are shaped differently across cultures in part due to relational mobility and cultural tightness. As such, embedding cultural awareness education in nursing curricula to address any culturally rooted biases towards people with mental illnesses may present a promising avenue to optimise nursing students' empathy towards people with mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Hon
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Australia.
| | - Takeshi Hamamura
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Eric Lim
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Australia; School of Nursing, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Yong Shian Shawn Goh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Peretz H, Fried Y, Parry E. Generations in context: The development of a new approach using Twitter and a survey. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Peretz
- Ort Braude Academic College of Engineering Karmiel Israel
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Chen Z, Huo Y, Lam W, Luk RC, Qureshi I. How perceptions of others’ work and impression management motives affect leader–member exchange development: A six‐wave latent change score model. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Israr Qureshi
- Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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Goodwin R, Polek E, Bardi A. The Temporal Reciprocity of Values and Beliefs: A Longitudinal Study within a Major Life Transition. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Values and beliefs (or social axioms) are important personality constructs, but little previous work has examined the relationship between the two, and none has examined their real–life longitudinal effects on one another. Major life transitions—such as moving to a new culture—can challenge existing values and beliefs and therefore provide a particularly useful context for the analysis of value and belief change. The main aim of this research was to examine whether values may predict theoretically meaningful belief change and vice versa. Polish migrants participated in the study shortly after their arrival in the UK and at two, subsequent, nine–month intervals ( N = 172). Cross–lagged effects suggested reciprocal effects of values and beliefs, depending on the value involved. Findings are discussed in light of current debates over personality change, as well as the broader impact of significant life transitions on personality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ela Polek
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anat Bardi
- Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK
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5
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Leung K, Au A, Huang X, Kurman J, Niit T, Niit K. Social axioms and values: a cross‐cultural examination. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between social axioms, general beliefs that people hold about the social world, and values, defined as desirable goals for life, were examined in five cultural groups. Results show that the correlations between social axioms and Schwartz's (1992) values are generally low, suggesting that they represent two distinct types of construct. Based on a structural equation modelling approach, results further show that generally speaking, the five axiom dimensions are related to the value types in a meaningful and interpretable manner, and that these relationships are generally similar across the five cultural groups. Implications of these results and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Al Au
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xu Huang
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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6
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Trait Optimism and Work from Home Adjustment in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considering the Mediating Role of Situational Optimism and the Moderating Role of Cultural Optimism. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12229773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An organization’s capacity to sustain a crisis, and to benefit from work-from-home (WFH) arrangements in routine times, is dependent on its employees’ ability to successfully adjust to WFH conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic, which forced vast numbers of employees worldwide to WFH, provides an unprecedented opportunity to identify factors that facilitate WFH adjustment. Leveraging this opportunity and drawing from theories on person-environment fit and work adjustment, we consider trait optimism as a possible facilitator of WFH adjustment during the pandemic. We further investigate how situational optimism and cultural (country-level) optimism contribute to the relationship between trait optimism and WFH adjustment. Using data from 388 employees in five countries, we find that trait optimism positively relates to WFH adjustment. This relationship is partly mediated by situational expectations regarding health/financial benefits of WFH amid the pandemic. Moreover, trait optimism is more strongly related to WFH adjustment in countries with high (vs. low) cultural optimism. This study addresses the call to investigate whether and how personality traits relate to WFH adjustment. Our findings can improve organizations’ ability to select and train employees who WFH, and to enhance operational resilience to future crises. Managers in global firms can draw from our results to understand how cultural differences affect the ease with which WFH is adopted, and to develop country-specific WFH practices.
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Social axioms on high school students in the North African context: Validation and fit of the SAS-II. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241510. [PMID: 33137127 PMCID: PMC7605635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Social axioms or general social beliefs represent people’s cognitive map of their social world acquired through social experiences. Empirical research has related the central constructs in the study of psychology and social axioms, establishing a broad nomological network in various cultural settings. This paper studies the validity of the Social Axioms Survey II (SAS-II) short form, Spanish version, on the individual level in Melilla as North Africa´s borderland. Participants were 410 high school students from 14 to 18 years of age. The reliability analysis, the discriminant validity analysis, and the confirmatory factor analysis through the structural model equation, showed similar results to previous studies in other contexts and allowing the use of the survey in Melilla. In addition it is presented a fitted model that improves the psychometric results showing significant differences with the initial model. The confirmatory multi-group analysis of the fitted model shows measurement invariance across educational centers, allowing new research possibilities in the cultural context of Melilla.
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Ng JCK, Cheung VWT, Wong HSM, Leung SMY, Lau VCY. Is It Helpful to Believe That Efforts Will Lead to Positive Outcomes? Two Cross-Lagged Panel Investigations among Adolescents and Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207585. [PMID: 33086497 PMCID: PMC7589495 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the role of self-views in life satisfaction has been extensively investigated. Recently, growing attention has been directed to the question of whether an optimistic worldview, termed "reward for application", helps boost life satisfaction. Conceptually, the association between reward for application and life satisfaction can be paradoxical. Due to various methodological and theoretical shortfalls, previous investigations were unable to draw a robust conclusion on this association. To address these shortfalls, two cross-lagged panel studies were conducted with different time lags. Over and above the potential confounds of self-views (namely, self-esteem and self-rated personality traits), reward for application had a positive effect on lagged life satisfaction among both adolescents and young adults, while the reverse effect was not found. Moreover, we found support for the multiplicative effect between worldviews and self-views, in which the positive effect of reward for application on life satisfaction was attenuated by high self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky C. K. Ng
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vince W. T. Cheung
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Helen S. M. Wong
- Division of Business and Hospitality Management, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (H.S.M.W.); (S.M.Y.L.)
| | - Sherry M. Y. Leung
- Division of Business and Hospitality Management, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (H.S.M.W.); (S.M.Y.L.)
| | - Victor C. Y. Lau
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China;
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Li Y, Wang Y, Ren Z, Gao M, Liu Q, Qiu C, Zhang W. The influence of environmental pressure on Internet Use Disorder in adolescents: The potential mediating role of cognitive function. Addict Behav 2020; 101:105976. [PMID: 31101387 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study attempts to clarify the mediating role of cognitive function on the relationship between environmental pressure (pressure caused by negative parenting styles and dysfunctional school environments) and Internet Use Disorder (IUD); this study explores the effects of sex and left-behind children (LBC). METHODS A cross-sectional sample of adolescents aged 12-15 years was recruited in 2018. A total of 3048 junior high school adolescents in rural areas of the Sichuan province in western China completed a series of psychological inventories, including the Adolescent Pathological Internet Use Scale (APIUS), the Junior High School Students' Perceived School Climate Inventory (PSCI-M), the Egna Minnen av. Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU), and the Mental Health Screening Inventory for Children and Adolescents (MHS-C), for an analysis of IUD, school climate, parenting styles and cognition, respectively. RESULTS Among the participants, 18.5% (N = 565) exhibited significant symptoms of IUD. The correlation analysis showed that IUD was positively correlated with parents' punishment, rejection and over-interference and academic pressure, whereas IUD was negatively associated with good teacher-student relationships, good schoolmate relationships and cognitive function scores. Structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that cognitive function partially contributed to the association between family and school pressures and IUD. DISCUSSION Cognitive function is one of the mediating pathways through which environmental pressures may predict IUD among junior high school students. Interventions may target the mediating pathway of cognitive function to alleviate the negative impact of environmental pressure on IUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengjia Ren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaolan Liu
- Department of health-related social and behavioral sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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10
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Różycka-Tran J, Alessandri G, Jurek P, Olech M. A test of construct isomorphism of the Belief in a Zero-Sum Game scale: A multilevel 43-nation study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203196. [PMID: 30265677 PMCID: PMC6162082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the equivalence of the individual and the country-level factor structure of the Belief in a Zero-Sum Game (BZSG) scale, a tool designed to measure antagonistic beliefs about social relations (i.e., perceived social antagonism) in the struggle for limited resources. AIMS In this article we focused on a test of construct isomorphism in a multilevel modeling approach. It was hypothesized that the BZSG measure satisfies all requirements for a strong level of configural isomorphism, and thus that it is useful to investigate BZSG at both the individual and the country levels. The relationships between the BZSG at a country level with other macro-socio-economic indicators were also investigated. METHOD Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) was carried out on a cross-country sample composed of 11,368 participants from 43 different countries. We also used the country-level latent BZSG factor in each country as an indicator of a property that we attributed to a particular culture: cultural dimension (collectivism-individualism), macroeconomic indicators (GDP per capita and GNI per capita) and macrosocial indicators (Human Development Index and Democracy Index) describing societies. RESULTS The results revealed an isomorphic factor structure of perceived social antagonism (measured by BZSG scale), defined in terms of the equivalence factor structure at the both individual and country levels. Furthermore, the relationship between the perceived social antagonism, gross national income per capita, and collectivism were confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the usefulness of the BZSG scale for cross-cultural comparison, in the case of its isomorphic structure. At the country level, antagonistic beliefs emerge in hierarchical collectivist societies with lower income. The main contribution of this article is the presentation of the test of construct isomorphism. We made an effort to present a full perspective on construct isomorphism putting together two different but very recent approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Alessandri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paweł Jurek
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Olech
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Maharani A, Tampubolon G. Does corporatisation improve organisational commitment? Evidence from public hospitals in Indonesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2016.1239121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asri Maharani
- Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gindo Tampubolon
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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13
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Guenole N. Reconsidering Cluster Bias in Multilevel Data: A Monte Carlo Comparison of Free and Constrained Baseline Approaches. Front Psychol 2018; 9:255. [PMID: 29551985 PMCID: PMC5841353 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The test for item level cluster bias examines the improvement in model fit that results from freeing an item's between level residual variance from a baseline model with equal within and between level factor loadings and between level residual variances fixed at zero. A potential problem is that this approach may include a misspecified unrestricted model if any non-invariance is present, but the log-likelihood difference test requires that the unrestricted model is correctly specified. A free baseline approach where the unrestricted model includes only the restrictions needed for model identification should lead to better decision accuracy, but no studies have examined this yet. We ran a Monte Carlo study to investigate this issue. When the referent item is unbiased, compared to the free baseline approach, the constrained baseline approach led to similar true positive (power) rates but much higher false positive (Type I error) rates. The free baseline approach should be preferred when the referent indicator is unbiased. When the referent assumption is violated, the false positive rate was unacceptably high for both free and constrained baseline approaches, and the true positive rate was poor regardless of whether the free or constrained baseline approach was used. Neither the free or constrained baseline approach can be recommended when the referent indicator is biased. We recommend paying close attention to ensuring the referent indicator is unbiased in tests of cluster bias. All Mplus input and output files, R, and short Python scripts used to execute this simulation study are uploaded to an open access repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Guenole
- Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Fonseca-Pedrero E, Debbané M, Ortuño-Sierra J, Chan RCK, Cicero DC, Zhang LC, Brenner C, Barkus E, Linscott RJ, Kwapil T, Barrantes-Vidal N, Cohen A, Raine A, Compton MT, Tone EB, Suhr J, Muñiz J, Fumero A, Giakoumaki S, Tsaousis I, Preti A, Chmielewski M, Laloyaux J, Mechri A, Lahmar MA, Wuthrich V, Larøi F, Badcock JC, Jablensky A. The structure of schizotypal personality traits: a cross-national study. Psychol Med 2018; 48:451-462. [PMID: 28712364 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypal traits are considered a phenotypic-indicator of schizotypy, a latent personality organization reflecting a putative liability for psychosis. To date, no previous study has examined the comparability of factorial structures across samples originating from different countries and cultures. The main goal was to evaluate the factorial structure and reliability of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) scores by amalgamating data from studies conducted in 12 countries and across 21 sites. METHOD The overall sample consisted of 27 001 participants (37.5% males, n = 4251 drawn from the general population). The mean age was 22.12 years (s.d. = 6.28, range 16-55 years). The SPQ was used. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Multilevel CFA (ML-CFA) were used to evaluate the factor structure underlying the SPQ scores. RESULTS At the SPQ item level, the nine factor and second-order factor models showed adequate goodness-of-fit. At the SPQ subscale level, three- and four-factor models displayed better goodness-of-fit indices than other CFA models. ML-CFA showed that the intraclass correlation coefficients values were lower than 0.106. The three-factor model showed adequate goodness of fit indices in multilevel analysis. The ordinal α coefficients were high, ranging from 0.73 to 0.94 across individual samples, and from 0.84 to 0.91 for the combined sample. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with the conceptual notion that schizotypal personality is a multifaceted construct and support the validity and utility of SPQ in cross-cultural research. We discuss theoretical and clinical implications of our results for diagnostic systems, psychosis models and cross-national mental health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fonseca-Pedrero
- Department of Educational Sciences,University of La Rioja,Logroño, Spain
| | - M Debbané
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences,University of Geneva,Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Ortuño-Sierra
- Department of Educational Sciences,University of La Rioja,Logroño, Spain
| | - R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,CAS key Laboratory of Mental Health,Beijing,China
| | - D C Cicero
- Department of Psychology,University of Hawaii at Manoa,Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - L C Zhang
- Department of Psychology,University of British Columbia,Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Brenner
- Department of Psychology,University of British Columbia,Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - E Barkus
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong,Wollongong,Australia
| | - R J Linscott
- Department of Psychology,University of Otago,Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T Kwapil
- Department of Psychology,University of North Carolina at Greensboro,Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - N Barrantes-Vidal
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Cohen
- Department of Psychology,Louisiana State University,Louisiana, LA, USA
| | - A Raine
- Departments of Criminology,Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M T Compton
- Department of Psychiatry,Lenox Hill Hospital,New York, NY, USA
| | - E B Tone
- Department of Psychology,Georgia State University,Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Suhr
- Department of Psychology,Ohio University,Athens, OH, USA
| | - J Muñiz
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM),Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Fumero
- Department of Psychology,University of La Laguna,Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - S Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology,University of Crete,Rethymno,Greece
| | - I Tsaousis
- Department of Psychology,University of Crete,Rethymno,Greece
| | - A Preti
- Genneruxi Medical Center,Cagliari,Italy
| | - M Chmielewski
- Department of Psychology,Southern Methodist University,Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Laloyaux
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology,University of Bergen,Bergen,Norway
| | - A Mechri
- Psychiatry Department,University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir,Tunisia
| | - M A Lahmar
- Psychiatry Department,University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir,Tunisia
| | - V Wuthrich
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Larøi
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology,University of Bergen,Bergen,Norway
| | - J C Badcock
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - A Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia,Perth,Australia
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Miceli S, de Palo V, Monacis L, Cardaci M, Sinatra M. The Italian Version of the Cognitive Style Indicator and its Association with Decision-Making Preferences. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2018.1411486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Barnard A, Meiring D, Rothmann I. The factor structure of the Social Axioms Survey II (SASII) in the South African context. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2017.1399568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Barnard
- Department Human Resource Management, Economic Management Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Deon Meiring
- Department Human Resource Management, Economic Management Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ian Rothmann
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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17
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One definition, different manifestations: Investigating ethical leadership in the Chinese context. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10490-016-9495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kim ES, Dedrick RF, Cao C, Ferron JM. Multilevel Factor Analysis: Reporting Guidelines and a Review of Reporting Practices. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2016; 51:881-898. [PMID: 27754708 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2016.1228042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We provide reporting guidelines for multilevel factor analysis (MFA) and use these guidelines to systematically review 72 MFA applications in journals across a range of disciplines (e.g., education, health/nursing, management, and psychology) published between 1994 and 2014. Results are organized in terms of the (a) characteristics of the MFA application (e.g., construct measured), (b) purpose (e.g., measurement validation), (c) data source (e.g., number of cases at Level 1 and Level 2), (d) statistical approach (e.g., maximum likelihood), and (e) results reported (e.g., intraclass correlations for indicators and latent variables, standardized factor loadings, fit indices). Results from this review have implications for applied researchers interested in expanding their approaches to psychometric analyses and construct validation within a multilevel framework and for methodologists using Monte Carlo methods to explore technical and methodological issues grounded in realistic research design conditions.
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Jak S. Testing and Explaining Differences in Common and Residual Factors Across Many Countries. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022116674599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To make valid comparisons across countries, a measurement instrument needs to be measurement invariant across countries. The present article provides a nontechnical exposition of a recently proposed multilevel factor analysis approach to test measurement invariance across countries. It is explained that strong factorial invariance across countries implies equal factor loadings across levels and zero residual variance at the country level in a two-level factor model. Using two-level factor analysis, the decomposition of the variance at each level can be investigated, measurement invariance can be tested, and country-level variables can be added to explain differences in the common or residual factors. The approach is illustrated using two examples. The first example features data about well-being from the European Social Survey and the second example uses data about mathematical ability from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) study. The input-files and annotated output-files for both examples are provided in the supplementary files.
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Marcus J, Ceylan S, Ergin C. Not So “Traditional” Anymore? Generational Shifts on Schwartz Values in Turkey. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022116673909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We compare generational change in culturally related personal values as represented by the Schwartz values taxonomy, across two decades of individuals representing independent samples of the urban, Turkish workforce, employed in a variety of occupations and in numerous urban centers, in both 1998 and 2009 ( N = 779). Results indicate that whereas self-transcendence (harmony) and conservation (collectivism) values have decreased over time, self-enhancement (mastery) has increased. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Ju D, Qin X, Xu M, DiRenzo MS. Boundary conditions of the emotional exhaustion-unsafe behavior link: The dark side of group norms and personal control. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10490-015-9455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Cheng C, Cheung MWL, Montasem A. Explaining Differences in Subjective Well-Being Across 33 Nations Using Multilevel Models: Universal Personality, Cultural Relativity, and National Income. J Pers 2014; 84:46-58. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Pornprasertmanit S, Lee J, Preacher KJ. Ignoring Clustering in Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Some Consequences for Model Fit and Standardized Parameter Estimates. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2014; 49:518-543. [PMID: 26735356 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2014.933762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In many situations, researchers collect multilevel (clustered or nested) data yet analyze the data either ignoring the clustering (disaggregation) or averaging the micro-level units within each cluster and analyzing the aggregated data at the macro level (aggregation). In this study we investigate the effects of ignoring the nested nature of data in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The bias incurred by ignoring clustering is examined in terms of model fit and standardized parameter estimates, which are usually of interest to researchers who use CFA. We find that the disaggregation approach increases model misfit, especially when the intraclass correlation (ICC) is high, whereas the aggregation approach results in accurate detection of model misfit in the macro level. Standardized parameter estimates from the disaggregation and aggregation approaches are deviated toward the values of the macro- and micro-level standardized parameter estimates, respectively. The degree of deviation depends on ICC and cluster size, particularly for the aggregation method. The standard errors of standardized parameter estimates from the disaggregation approach depend on the macro-level item communalities. Those from the aggregation approach underestimate the standard errors in multilevel CFA (MCFA), especially when ICC is low. Thus, we conclude that MCFA or an alternative approach should be used if possible.
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Fixed- and random-effects meta-analytic structural equation modeling: examples and analyses in R. Behav Res Methods 2014; 46:29-40. [PMID: 23807765 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-013-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) combines the ideas of meta-analysis and structural equation modeling for the purpose of synthesizing correlation or covariance matrices and fitting structural equation models on the pooled correlation or covariance matrix. Cheung and Chan (Psychological Methods 10:40-64, 2005b, Structural Equation Modeling 16:28-53, 2009) proposed a two-stage structural equation modeling (TSSEM) approach to conducting MASEM that was based on a fixed-effects model by assuming that all studies have the same population correlation or covariance matrices. The main objective of this article is to extend the TSSEM approach to a random-effects model by the inclusion of study-specific random effects. Another objective is to demonstrate the procedures with two examples using the metaSEM package implemented in the R statistical environment. Issues related to and future directions for MASEM are discussed.
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Tay L, Woo SE, Vermunt JK. A Conceptual and Methodological Framework for Psychometric Isomorphism. ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1094428113517008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The conceptual and methodological framework for measurement equivalence procedures has been well established and widely used. Although multilevel theories and methods have been widely used in organizational research, there is no comparable framework for measurement equivalence of multilevel constructs, or psychometric isomorphism. In this article, we present a conceptual and methodological framework for understanding and testing various forms of isomorphism. Within this framework, we explicate (a) the different types of psychometric isomorphism, (b) the conditions where psychometric isomorphism is appropriate and necessary, (c) how psychometric isomorphism corresponds with different composition models and estimation methods, and (d) the analytic procedures that can be used. Using simulated data, we also illustrate how the proposed procedures may be applied via two analytic methods—item response theory and factor analysis. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and methodological implications provided by the proposed framework of psychometric isomorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Tay
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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26
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Two dimensions of psychological country-level differences: Conservatism/Liberalism and Harshness/Softness. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Ryu E. Factorial invariance in multilevel confirmatory factor analysis. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 67:172-194. [PMID: 23682861 DOI: 10.1111/bmsp.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a procedure to test factorial invariance in multilevel confirmatory factor analysis. When the group membership is at level 2, multilevel factorial invariance can be tested by a simple extension of the standard procedure. However level-1 group membership raises problems which cannot be appropriately handled by the standard procedure, because the dependency between members of different level-1 groups is not appropriately taken into account. The procedure presented in this article provides a solution to this problem. This paper also shows Muthén's maximum likelihood (MUML) estimation for testing multilevel factorial invariance across level-1 groups as a viable alternative to maximum likelihood estimation. Testing multilevel factorial invariance across level-2 groups and testing multilevel factorial invariance across level-1 groups are illustrated using empirical examples. SAS macro and Mplus syntax are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehri Ryu
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, USA
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28
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Tams S. Moving cultural information systems research toward maturity. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & PEOPLE 2013. [DOI: 10.1108/itp-11-2012-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Bernardo ABI. Hope grounded in belief: Influences of reward for application and social cynicism on dispositional hope. Scand J Psychol 2013; 54:522-8. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Zhang Y, Tsui A. Intragroup Functional Diversity and Intergroup Relations in American and Chinese Workgroups. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022112471897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors investigate the role of intragroup functional diversity in influencing intergroup relations, defined as intergroup cooperation and group-level citizenship behavior toward other workgroups. Based on predominantly Western literature, the authors hypothesize that groups working in an American culture will show an inverted U-shaped relationship and that groups operating in a Chinese culture will show a J-shaped relationship. The two hypotheses are tested using 67 American workgroups in eight companies and 149 Chinese workgroups in 12 companies. The hypotheses are largely supported with some nuanced departure from the predicted curves. In particular, except for one negative linear relationship, American workgroups and workgroups with highly individualistic values display an inverted J-shape, with both homogenous and moderately diverse groups showing more positive intergroup behaviors than extremely diverse groups. Chinese workgroups exhibit a U-shaped pattern, with both homogenous and highly diverse groups showing the most positive intergroup cooperation. All Chinese groups show a high level of group citizenship behavior regardless of diversity. Collectivistic groups show the J-shape regarding both outcomes, as hypothesized. The article concludes with implications of findings for future research on workgroup diversity and for practices in cross-cultural management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Tsui
- Peking University, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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31
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Presti AL, Pace F, Mondo M, Nota L, Casarubia P, Ferrari L, Betz NE. An Examination of the Structure of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale (Short Form) Among Italian High School Students. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1069072712471506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the factor structure of Career Decision Self-Efficacy scale-short form in a sample of Italian high school adolescents. confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the degree to which a one-factor structure and a five-factor structure provided the best fit. In view of available research the five-factor structure was expected to provide the best fit. Moreover, factorial invariance in males and females was tested. It was expected to be invariant across groups. As expected the five-factor structure showed a better fit than the one-factor model and the factorial invariance resulted invariant across boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Seconda Università degli studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Pace
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marina Mondo
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Nota
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Lea Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the viability of developing quantitative measures of cross-cultural competence as an emergent organizational-level construct using samples of military organizations. Cross-cultural competence has predominantly been discussed as an individual-level construct but has not been extensively assessed as an organizational-level phenomenon. A synthesis of the cross-cultural competence, organizational intelligence, and multilevel analysis literatures was used to construct a theoretical basis for organizational cross-cultural competence and the development of quantitative measures of the construct. Based on this synthesis, three strategies were identified for assessing cross-cultural competence at the organizational level of analysis. Three studies were conducted to test these three strategies, each of which was supported empirically through the successful generation of interpretable organization-level scales and subscales. In a fourth study, each of the organization-level measures developed in Studies 1, 2, and 3 was found to be related to organization-level indices of organizational climate, perceived organization effectiveness, and cohesion.
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Suryani AO, Van de Vijver FJR, Poortinga YH, Setiadi BN. Indonesian leadership styles: A mixed-methods approach. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-839x.2012.01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Fischer R, Poortinga YH. Are cultural values the same as the values of individuals? An examination of similarities in personal, social and cultural value structures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1470595812439867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Value dimensions are used widely to make distinctions between countries and also serve to explain behaviour of individuals within countries. There is a paradox: leading researchers (Hofstede, 1980; Schwartz, 1994) have been adamant that country-level value structures differ from those at individual level. A recent analysis has suggested that dimensional structures at the two levels show substantial overlap. The current multi-level study extends previous research by examining to what extent ratings of the values of others can serve as an intermediate structure to help determine the degree of isomorphism between individual and culture-level structures. The findings indicate that a single value structure across levels is most parsimonious. Implications for international business research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Fischer
- Victoria University Wellington and Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, New Zealand
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Kööts-Ausmees L, Realo A, Allik J. The Relationship Between Life Satisfaction and Emotional Experience in 21 European Countries. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022112451054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the relationship between life satisfaction (LS) and the affective components of subjective well-being (SWB) was examined in a sample of 40,487 people across 21 European countries using data from the European Social Survey. After running multilevel confirmatory factor analyses in order to establish the measurement invariance of the constructs across the countries, the individual-level dataset was linked to available country-level aggregate personality traits, cultural values, and human development index (HDI). Results from hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis showed that LS is best predicted by positive and negative affect (PA and NA, respectively), but may also be predicted by the degree of mixed emotions (ME). At the country level, national mean scores of Extraversion and Neuroticism moderated the relationship between LS and ME in different directions, whereas neither of the two personality traits had a significant impact on the relationship of LS to PA and NA. Survival/self-expression and the HDI ranking influenced the LS-PA and LS-ME relationships, whereas individualism/collectivism did not. Our research indicates that in addition to analyzing separate effects of NA and PA, it is also important to consider emotional complexity in SWB research, whereas these analyses need to take into account the moderating effect of cultural aspects, such as survival/self-expression values and countries’ level of development. Our findings also emphasize the importance of employing representative samples, as the age variance of participants can have a profound impact on results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisi Kööts-Ausmees
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- The Estonian Center of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Realo
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- The Estonian Center of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jüri Allik
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- The Estonian Center of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
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36
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Davidov E, Dülmer H, Schlüter E, Schmidt P, Meuleman B. Using a Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling Approach to Explain Cross-Cultural Measurement Noninvariance. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022112438397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Testing for invariance of measurements across groups (such as countries or time points) is essential before meaningful comparisons may be conducted. However, when tested, invariance is often absent. As a result, comparisons across groups are potentially problematic and may be biased. In the current study, we propose utilizing a multilevel structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to provide a framework to explain item bias. We show how variation in a contextual variable may explain noninvariance. For the illustration of the method, we use data from the second round of the European Social Survey (ESS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Schmidt
- State Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russian Federation
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37
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Cools E, de Pauw AS, Vanderheyden K. Cognitive styles in an international perspective: cross-validation of the Cognitive Style Indicator (CoSI). Psychol Rep 2011; 109:59-72. [PMID: 22049648 DOI: 10.2466/04.09.11.pr0.109.4.59-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the cross-cultural validity of the Cognitive Style Indicator (CoSI). Measurement equivalence tests were performed on data collected from a Belgian (n = 300) and a South African (n = 246) sample of students and employees. Confirmatory factor analyses within each sample showed the best fit to the data for a three-factor model underlying the CoSI. Measurement invariance tests, using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, indicated that the relationships among the scales showed equivalence across cultures. Although the study is an important first step toward the cross-validation of the CoSI, further research in other international samples is particularly needed to strengthen these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cools
- Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School, Competence Centre People and Organization, Reep 1, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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38
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Leung K, Li F, Zhou F. Sex Differences in Social Cynicism Across Societies. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022111422259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
If male dominance in society causes women to be more cynical, women should show higher social cynicism than men in diverse cultural contexts. This conjecture was evaluated in a global study of social axioms, or general beliefs about the world, which involved university students from 40 societies and adults from 17 societies. Results showed that contrary to this expectation, men were generally more cynical than women. Men’s higher concern for competition may be one factor that contributes to their higher cynicism. In line with this argument, compared to women, men generally showed higher reward for application, the belief in the usefulness of effort and application, but lower fate control, which involves the belief that events are preordained but alterable. These findings suggest that the effect of male dominance on women’s social cynicism may be overridden by men’s higher concern for competitiveness. Consistent with the argument that male dominance increases women’s social cynicism, sex differences in social cynicism were smaller in societies where women had lower status. An implication of this finding is that women’s status in society is more reflective of the level of male dominance than women’s tendency to be competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fuli Li
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
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39
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LI FULI, LEUNG KWOK. Effects of Evaluation of Societal Conditions and Work-Family Conflict on Social Cynicism and Distress: A Longitudinal Analysis1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Leung K, Lam BCP, Bond MH, Conway LG, Gornick LJ, Amponsah B, Boehnke K, Dragolov G, Burgess SM, Golestaneh M, Busch H, Hofer J, Espinosa ADCD, Fardis M, Ismail R, Kurman J, Lebedeva N, Tatarko AN, Sam DL, Teixeira MLM, Yamaguchi S, Fukuzawa A, Zhang J, Zhou F. Developing and Evaluating the Social Axioms Survey in Eleven Countries. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022111416361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on a deductive, culturally decentered approach, new items were generated to improve the reliability of the original Social Axioms Survey, which measures individuals’ general beliefs about the world. In Study 1, results from 11 countries support the original five-factor structure and achieve higher reliability for the axiom dimensions as measured by the new scale. Moreover, moderate but meaningful associations between axiom and Big-Five personality dimensions were found. Temporal change of social axioms at the culture level was examined and found to be moderate. In Study 2, additional new items were generated for social complexity and fate control, then assessed in Hong Kong and the United States. Reliability was further improved for both dimensions. Additionally, two subfactors of fate control were identified: fate determinism and fate alterability. Fate determinism, but not fate alterability, related positively to neuroticism. Other relationships between axiom and personality dimensions were similar to those reported in Study 1. The short forms of the axiom dimensions were generally reliable and correlated highly with the long forms. This research thus provides a stronger foundation for applying the construct of social axioms around the world.
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41
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Adams R. The Utility of Prestige: Chinese and American Hedonic Ratings of Prestige Goods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08911762.2011.602320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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42
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Bipolarity and/or duality of social survey measurement scales and the question-order effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11135-011-9569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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43
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Direct and Indirect Influences of Fate Control Belief, Gambling Expectancy Bias, and Self-Efficacy on Problem Gambling and Negative Mood Among Chinese College Students: A Multiple Mediation Analysis. J Gambl Stud 2010; 26:533-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-010-9177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Stewart WH, May RC, McCarthy DJ, Puffer SM. A Test of the Measurement Validity of the Resistance to Change Scale in Russia and Ukraine. JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0021886309338813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The authors developed a Russian-language version of Oreg’s (2003) Resistance to Change (RTC) Scale, a multidimensional dispositional measure of an individual’s tendency to avoid or resist change, and tested its generalizability to the post-Soviet context with data from Russia and Ukraine. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated a lack of configural consistency for the cognitive rigidity subscale, and post hoc examination suggested an unintended frame of reference for the cognitive rigidity items. The other three subdimensions of the scale—routine seeking, emotional reaction, and short-term thinking—were measurement-invariant in the two countries, providing a psychometrically acceptable measure of individual resistance to change. As a result, this respecification of the RTC Scale should be useful for much needed research devoted to individual resistors to change in the post-Soviet context, an effort essential for understanding obstacles to organizational change, and for generating prescriptive guidelines in a situation where most organizations are pressed by transition-induced need for systemic change and development.
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Pimpa N. Learning problems in transnational business education and training: the case of the MBA in Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2419.2009.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Stankov L, Lee J. Dimensions of cultural differences: Pancultural, ETIC/EMIC, and ecological approaches. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Zhou F, Leung K, Bond MH. Social axioms and achievement across cultures: The influence of reward for application and fate control. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Wu CH. Factor analysis of the general self-efficacy scale and its relationship with individualism/collectivism among twenty-five countries: Application of multilevel confirmatory factor analysis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Fischer R. Where Is Culture in Cross Cultural Research? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1470595808101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Culture is often seen as a shared meaning system. This definition has important implications for cross cultural management research. This article outlines a multilevel research process model that identifies a number of crucial steps to be aware of, if culture is being treated as a shared construct. The model integrates recent advances on composition models in organizational research and equivalence and multilevel frameworks in cross cultural psychology research. The proposed model is discussed in relation to two principal areas of cross cultural management work: (a) the identification of cultural constructs at the country level and (b) individual-level studies aiming to unpackage cultural differences in attitudes and behaviour. Implications for management research and practice across cultures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Fischer
- Victoria University Wellington, and Centre for Applied Cross Cultural Research, Wellington, New Zealand,
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