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Kumar S, Shenoy S, Swamy RS, Ravichandiran V, Kumar N. Fluoride-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Approaches for Its Intervention. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:835-849. [PMID: 37300595 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is present everywhere in nature. The primary way that individuals are exposed to fluoride is by drinking water. It's interesting to note that while low fluoride levels are good for bone and tooth growth, prolonged fluoride exposure is bad for human health. Additionally, preclinical studies link oxidative stress, inflammation, and programmed cell death to fluoride toxicity. Moreover, mitochondria play a crucial role in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, little is known about fluoride's impact on mitophagy, biogenesis, and mitochondrial dynamics. These actions control the growth, composition, and organisation of mitochondria, and the purification of mitochondrial DNA helps to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of cytochrome c, which enables cells to survive the effects of fluoride poisoning. In this review, we discuss the different pathways involved in mitochondrial toxicity and dysfunction induced by fluoride. For therapeutic approaches, we discussed different phytochemical and pharmacological agents which reduce the toxicity of fluoride via maintained by imbalanced cellular processes, mitochondrial dynamics, and scavenging the ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachindra Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ravindra Shantakumar Swamy
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences (DBMS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India.
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2
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Zhao Y, Pu G, Li Y, Jiang H, Zhang Q, Chen P, Lu Q, Wang M, Yang R. Serum Levels of CXCR4, SDF-1, MCP-1, NF-κB and ERK1/2 in Patients with Skeletal Fluorosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16555. [PMID: 36554439 PMCID: PMC9778822 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) affect bone cells and play an important role in bone and joint diseases, but the data on CXCR4, SDF-1, MCP-1, ERK1/2 and NF-κB in the serum of skeletal fluorosis (SF) patients are inconclusive. Thus, according to the "Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis" (WS 192-2008), we enrolled patients with SF (n = 60) as the SF group and those without SF as the controls (n = 60). Serum levels of CXCR4, SDF-1, MCP-1, ERK1/2 and NF-κB were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Serum SDF-1, CXCR4, MCP-1 and NF-κB levels were significantly higher in the SF group than in the control group. Within the serum of SF patients, CXCR4 and SDF-1 levels were positively correlated with NF-κB levels. There was no correlation between MCP-1 levels and those of ERK1/2 or NF-κB. SDF-1 and CXCR4 may activate the NF-κB pathway, and MCP-1 affects the occurrence and development of SF by regulating osteocytes through other pathways. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and MCP-1 signalling pathway provide a new theoretical basis for the occurrence and development of SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Zhao
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xi’ning 810016, China
- Department of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xi’ning 811602, China
| | - Guanglan Pu
- Department of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xi’ning 811602, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xi’ning 811602, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xi’ning 811602, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xi’ning 810016, China
- Department of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xi’ning 811602, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xi’ning 811602, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xi’ning 811602, China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- Department of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xi’ning 811602, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xi’ning 810016, China
- Department of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xi’ning 811602, China
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Grzegorzewska AK, Wojtysiak D, Jaszcza K, Sechman A. In vitroSodium Fluoride Treatment Significantly Affects Apoptosis and Proliferation in the Liver of Embryonic Chickens. Folia Biol (Praha) 2022. [DOI: 10.3409/fb_70-4.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sodium fluoride (NaF), although helpful in preventing dental decay, may negatively affect the body. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-h in vitro treatment of livers isolated from 14-day-old chicken embryos with NaF at doses of 1.7 (D1), 3.5 (D2), 7.1 (D3)
and 14.2 mM (D4), with regard to apoptosis, cell proliferation and tissue structure. The mRNA expression of the apoptosis regulators CYCS, APAF1, BCL2, CASP3, CASP9 and TMBIM1 was analysed by the qPCR method. Apoptotic cells were detected by a TUNEL
assay. The tissue and DNA structure were also analysed by histological staining (H&E, Feulgen). The number of proliferating cells was determined and the apoptosis regulatory proteins were localised by the immunohistochemical staining of PCNA, CASP3 and APAF1. The results showed that the
mRNA expression of CYCS, BCL2, CASP3, CASP9 and APAF1 increased significantly in the D1 group, as did that of CASP9 in the D3 group and of BCL2 and APAF1 in the D4 group. The number of apoptotic cells increased significantly in the
D4 group, where they increased from 18% to 49%. On the other hand, the number of proliferating cells decreased gradually, in a dose-dependent manner, from 84% in the control group to 5.5% in the D4 group. The expression of apoptosis-regulating factors also increased: in the D3 and D4 groups,
the CASP3 immunopositive reaction was more intensive in single cells in the embryonic livers, whereas that of APAF1 increased in the hepatocytes as well as in the hepatic blood vessel walls. The mechanism of the effect of NaF on apoptosis in the embryonic liver is very complex. In the groups
exposed to higher doses of NaF, apoptosis was significantly stimulated, while proliferation was inhibited and the tissue structure was damaged. The expression of apoptosis regulators at the mRNA and protein levels increased, but the mRNA expression did not depend on the NaF dose. These results
reveal that NaF, by changing the balance between apoptosis and the proliferation of hepatocytes, may disturb the development and function of the liver in embryonic chickens. Therefore, the risk of exposure to NaF should be considered when determining the standards for human and animal exposure
to this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K. Grzegorzewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Wojtysiak
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Jaszcza
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sechman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Angwa LM, Jiang Y, Pei J, Sun D. Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention of Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis: a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1418-1441. [PMID: 34003450 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorosis is a major public health problem globally. The non-availability of specific treatment and the irreversible nature of dental and skeletal lesions poses a challenge in the management of fluorosis. Oxidative stress is known to be one of the most important mechanisms of fluoride toxicity. Fluoride promotes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting the activity of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in the excessive production of reactive oxygen species at the cellular level which further leads to activation of cell death processes such as apoptosis. Phytochemicals that act as antioxidants have the potential to protect cells from oxidative stress. Evidence confirms that clinical symptoms of fluorosis can be mitigated to some extent or prevented by long-term intake of antioxidants and plant products. The primary purpose of this review is to examine recent findings that focus on the amelioration of fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by natural and synthetic phytochemicals and their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linet M Angwa
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Kabarak University, Nakuru, 20157, Kenya
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Junrui Pei
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Miranda GHN, Alencar de Oliveira Lima L, Bittencourt LO, dos Santos SM, Platini Caldas de Souza M, Nogueira LS, de Oliveira EHC, Monteiro MC, Dionizio A, Leite AL, Pessan JP, Buzalaf MAR, Lima RR. Effects of long-term fluoride exposure are associated with oxidative biochemistry impairment and global proteomic modulation, but not genotoxicity, in parotid glands of mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261252. [PMID: 35085268 PMCID: PMC8794182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoride has become widely used in dentistry because of its effectiveness in caries control. However, evidence indicates that excessive intake interferes with the metabolic processes of different tissues. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to F on the parotid salivary gland of mice, from the analysis of oxidative, proteomic and genotoxic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals received deionized water containing 0, 10 or 50 mg/L of F, as sodium fluoride, for 60 days. After, parotid glands were collected for analysis of oxidative biochemistry, global proteomic profile, genotoxicity assessment and histopathological analyses. RESULTS The results revealed that exposure to fluoride interfered in the biochemical homeostasis of the parotid gland, with increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species and reduced glutathione in the exposed groups; as well as promoted alteration of the glandular proteomic profile in these groups, especially in structural proteins and proteins related to oxidative stress. However, genotoxic assessment demonstrated that exposure to fluoride did not interfere with DNA integrity in these concentrations and durations of exposure. Also, it was not observed histopathological alterations in parotid gland. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our results suggest that long-term exposure to fluoride promoted modulation of the proteomic and biochemical profile in the parotid glands, without inducing damage to the genetic component. These findings reinforce the importance of rationalizing the use of fluorides to maximize their preventative effects while minimizing the environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giza Hellen Nonato Miranda
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Sávio Monteiro dos Santos
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Oxidative Stress, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Oxidative Stress, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Lima Leite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Halder D, Mallick A, Purkayastha P. DNA-flavonoid pH sensitive host-guest mechanism to sense fluoride ions and construction of molecular logic gates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Recent advances in cellular effects of fluoride: an update on its signalling pathway and targeted therapeutic approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5661-5673. [PMID: 34254226 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride is a natural element essential in minute quantities in human's to maintain dental and skeletal health. However, the disease fluorosis manifests itself due to excessive fluoride intake mostly through drinking water and sometimes through food. At the cellular energetics level, fluoride is a known inhibitor of glycolysis. At the tissue level, the effect of fluoride has been more pronounced in the musculoskeletal systems due to its ability to retain fluoride. Fluoride alters dentinogenesis, thereby affecting the tooth enamel formation. In bones, fluoride alters the osteogenesis by replacing calcium, thus resulting in bone deformities. In skeletal muscles, high concentration and long term exposure to fluoride causes loss of muscle proteins leading to atrophy. Although fluorosis is quite a familiar problem, the exact molecular pathway is not yet clear. Extensive research on the effects of fluoride on various organs and its toxicity was reported. Indeed, it is clear that high and chronic exposure to fluoride causes cellular apoptosis. Accordingly, in this review, we have highlighted fluoride-mediated apoptosis via two vital pathways, mitochondrial-mediated and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. This review also elaborates on new cellular energetic, apoptotic pathways and therapeutic strategies targeted to treat fluorosis.
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Volobaev VP, Serdyukova ES, Kalyuzhnaya EE, Schetnikova EA, Korotkova AD, Naik AA, Bach SN, Prosekov AY, Larionov AV. Investigation of the genotoxic effects of fluoride on a bone tissue model. Toxicol Res 2020; 36:337-342. [PMID: 33005593 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorides are thought to be a major cause of osteocarcinogenesis, due to their widespread industrial use, ability to accumulate in bone tissue, and genotoxic and probable carcinogenic properties. In vitro experiments investigating the genotoxic potential of fluorides in bone tissue models can provide valuable indirect information on their involvement in osteocarcinogenesis. Here, we investigated whether sodium fluoride (NaF) has the ability to induce DNA damage and chromosomal abnormalities in human osteosarcoma cells after 48 and 72 h of exposure. The cell cultures were treated with NaF in concentrations of 0, 20, 100 and 200 μg/ml. The level of DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay, and the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities by a micronucleus test. A significant increase in DNA damage indicators was noted in the samples treated with fluoride concentrations of 100 and 200 µg/ml, after 48 and 72 h of exposure. The micronucleus test revealed a dose-dependent increase in cells with micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear protrusions. Increasing the concentration of NaF led to an increase in the prevalence of cytogenetic indicators after both treatment durations. This demonstrated ability of fluorine to exert genotoxic effects on bone cells indirectly indicates the possible importance of fluoride in the aetiology of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Volobaev
- Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya St 6, Kemerovo, Russia 650000
| | - E S Serdyukova
- Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue, 36, Tomsk, Russia 634050
| | - E E Kalyuzhnaya
- Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya St 6, Kemerovo, Russia 650000
| | - E A Schetnikova
- Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya St 6, Kemerovo, Russia 650000
| | - A D Korotkova
- Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya St 6, Kemerovo, Russia 650000
| | - A A Naik
- Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya St 6, Kemerovo, Russia 650000
| | - S N Bach
- Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya St 6, Kemerovo, Russia 650000
| | - A Y Prosekov
- Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya St 6, Kemerovo, Russia 650000
| | - A V Larionov
- Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya St 6, Kemerovo, Russia 650000
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Lopes GO, Martins Ferreira MK, Davis L, Bittencourt LO, Bragança Aragão WA, Dionizio A, Rabelo Buzalaf MA, Crespo-Lopez ME, Maia CSF, Lima RR. Effects of Fluoride Long-Term Exposure over the Cerebellum: Global Proteomic Profile, Oxidative Biochemistry, Cell Density, and Motor Behavior Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7297. [PMID: 33023249 PMCID: PMC7582550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the literature does not provide evidence of health risks from exposure to fluoride (F) in therapeutic doses, questions remain about the effects of long-term and high-dose use on the function of the central nervous system. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to F at levels similar to those found in areas of artificial water fluoridation and in areas of endemic fluorosis on biochemical, proteomic, cell density, and functional parameters associated with the cerebellum. For this, mice were exposed to water containing 10 mg F/L or 50 mg F/L (as sodium fluoride) for 60 days. After the exposure period, the animals were submitted to motor tests and the cerebellum was evaluated for fluoride levels, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and nitrite levels (NO). The proteomic profile and morphological integrity were also evaluated. The results showed that the 10 mg F/L dose was able to decrease the ACAP levels, and the animals exposed to 50 mg F/L presented lower levels of ACAP and higher levels of MDA and NO. The cerebellar proteomic profile in both groups was modulated, highlighting proteins related to the antioxidant system, energy production, and cell death, however no neuronal density change in cerebellum was observed. Functionally, the horizontal exploratory activity of both exposed groups was impaired, while only the 50 mg F/L group showed significant changes in postural stability. No motor coordination and balance impairments were observed in both groups. Our results suggest that fluoride may impair the cerebellar oxidative biochemistry, which is associated with the proteomic modulation and, although no morphological impairment was observed, only the highest concentration of fluoride was able to impair some cerebellar motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (G.O.L.); (M.K.M.F.); (L.D.); (L.O.B.); (W.A.B.A.)
| | - Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (G.O.L.); (M.K.M.F.); (L.D.); (L.O.B.); (W.A.B.A.)
| | - Lodinikki Davis
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (G.O.L.); (M.K.M.F.); (L.D.); (L.O.B.); (W.A.B.A.)
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (G.O.L.); (M.K.M.F.); (L.D.); (L.O.B.); (W.A.B.A.)
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (G.O.L.); (M.K.M.F.); (L.D.); (L.O.B.); (W.A.B.A.)
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP 17012-90, Brazil; (A.D.); (M.A.R.B.)
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP 17012-90, Brazil; (A.D.); (M.A.R.B.)
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavior Pharmacology, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (G.O.L.); (M.K.M.F.); (L.D.); (L.O.B.); (W.A.B.A.)
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10
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Mitta R, Duddu S, Pulala RY, Bhupalam P, Mandlem V, Konde A. Mitigative effect of Momordica cymbalaria fruit extract against sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar male albino rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:79-87. [PMID: 33001850 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the mitigative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Momordica cymbalaria fruits against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS In this study, Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Group I and II served as normal and toxic controls. Group III as plant control received extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o and Groups IV and V as treatment groups received extract at a dose 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o for 30 days. All groups except Groups I and III received 100 ppm of NaF through drinking water. After completion of the study, blood collected for the estimation of liver blood serum biomarkers such as aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), direct and total bilirubin, total protein and albumin. The liver tissue homogenate was for estimation of lipid peroxidation, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels. RESULTS The results showed that NaF intoxication caused elevation of liver blood serum levels and lipid peroxidation; decreased levels of serum total protein, albumin and liver reduced glutathione, and catalase observed. The treatment groups showed decreased elevated serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, and ALP), liver lipid peroxidation and increased serum total protein and albumin, liver reduced glutathione and catalase levels in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological studies also further strongly supported for mitigative effects of the plant. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings of the study indicated that M. cymbalaria fruits were a potential drug candidate in the treatment of NaF induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Mitta
- Department of Pharmacology, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Sushmitha Duddu
- Department of Pharmacology, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | | | | | | | - Abbulu Konde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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11
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Lai C, Chen Q, Ding Y, Liu H, Tang Z. Emodin protected against synaptic impairment and oxidative stress induced by fluoride in SH-SY5Y cells by modulating ERK1/2/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:922-929. [PMID: 32293791 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fluoride exposure contributes to neurotoxic effects. Emodin exhibits antioxidative functions in the central nervous system (CNS); however, its neuroprotective mechanism against fluoride remains to be elucidated. Our aim was to explore the neuroprotective efficacy and the possible mechanisms of emodin. In our study, synaptic proteins and oxidative stress damage were examined after human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with high doses of NaF for 24 hours. Moreover, pretreatment with emodin was used to shed light on the neuroprotective effects in NaF-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. We found that NaF significantly lowered the protein expressions of SNAP 25, synaptophysin and PSD 95 in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, NaF exposure increased the protein expression of p-ERK1/2 and decreased the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1, as well as facilitated increasing ROS, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Pretreatment with emodin significantly recovered these alterations caused by NaF. These data implied that the neuroprotective effects of emodin and pointed to the promising utilization for protecting against neurotoxicity induced by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencen Lai
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanting Ding
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital, Tongren, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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12
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The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (MS-275) Promotes Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells into Odontoblast-Like Cells Independent of the MAPK Signaling System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165771. [PMID: 32796747 PMCID: PMC7460873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in dental tissue regeneration is gaining attention because DPSCs can differentiate into odontoblasts and other specialized cell types. Epigenetic modification has been found to play an important role in cell differentiation and regulation, among which histone deacetylase (HDAC) is involved in suppressing genes by removing histone acetyl groups. The use of HDAC inhibitor to control this is increasing and has been widely studied by many researchers. This study aimed to induce differentiation by causing epigenetic changes in odontoblast-related genes and the MAPK signaling pathway in human dental pulp stem cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining showed increased expression of DMP-1, ALP, DSPP, and RUNX2 compared to the control. However, activation of the MAPK signaling system was similar to but slightly different from the expression of odontoblast-related proteins. After 3 days, as shown by MTT and LDH assays, proliferation decreased overall, but cytotoxicity decreased at only a specific concentration. We confirmed that there was no change in mRNA expression of caspase 3 or 9 using real-time PCR. In addition, flow cytometry analysis confirmed that differentiation occurred due to the decrease in the expression of the CD73 and CD146. Although overall proliferation was reduced due to the G2/M inhibition of the cell cycle, the expression of BCL-2 protected the cells from cell death. Overall, cell proliferation decreased in response to MS-275, but it did not induce cytotoxicity in 5 nM and 10 nM concentration and induces differentiation into odontoblast-like cells.
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Yadav KK, Kumar S, Pham QB, Gupta N, Rezania S, Kamyab H, Yadav S, Vymazal J, Kumar V, Tri DQ, Talaiekhozani A, Prasad S, Reece LM, Singh N, Maurya PK, Cho J. Fluoride contamination, health problems and remediation methods in Asian groundwater: A comprehensive review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109362. [PMID: 31254856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In low concentration, fluoride is considered a necessary compound for human health. Exposure to high concentrations of fluoride is the reason for a serious disease called fluorosis. Fluorosis is categorized as Skeletal and Dental fluorosis. Several Asian countries, such as India, face contamination of water resources with fluoride. In this study, a comprehensive overview on fluoride contamination in Asian water resources has been presented. Since water contamination with fluoride in India is higher than other Asian countries, a separate section was dedicated to review published articles on fluoride contamination in this country. The status of health effects in Asian countries was another topic that was reviewed in this study. The effects of fluoride on human organs/systems such as urinary, renal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, brain, and reproductive systems were another topic that was reviewed in this study. Different methods to remove fluoride from water such as reverse osmosis, electrocoagulation, nanofiltration, adsorption, ion-exchange and precipitation/coagulation were introduced in this study. Although several studies have been carried out on contamination of water resources with fluoride, the situation of water contamination with fluoride and newly developed technology to remove fluoride from water in Asian countries has not been reviewed. Therefore, this review is focused on these issues: 1) The status of fluoride contamination in Asian countries, 2) health effects of fluoride contamination in drinking water in Asia, and 3) the existing current technologies for defluoridation in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Quoc Bao Pham
- Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Neha Gupta
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Shalini Yadav
- Department of Civil Engineering Rabindranath Tagore University Raisen, Madhya Prades, India
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Doan Quang Tri
- Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | | | - Shiv Prasad
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Lisa M Reece
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Neeraja Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pradip Kumar Maurya
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangari Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
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14
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Aydin Y, Orta Yilmaz B, Yildizbayrak N, Korkut A, Arabul Kursun M, Irez T, Erkan M. Evaluation of citrinin-induced toxic effects on mouse Sertoli cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:559-565. [PMID: 31137973 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1614021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium citrinum-derived mycotoxin citrinin (CTN) is known to be a toxic agent for humans and animals. Previous studies have shown that CTN leads to toxicity in many biological systems; however, a limited number of studies have been performed to demonstrate the harmful effects of CTN on the male reproductive system. In the present study, the effects of CTN on cytotoxicity and apoptosis were examined in Sertoli cells as a model. Sertoli cells were treated with eight different CTN concentrations (from 0 up to 200 µM, for 6-72 h). Toxic potential of CTN was estimated by measuring metabolic activity (MTT test), DNA synthesis (BrdU test), and cell membrane damage (LDH test) as well as apoptosis and necrosis (via staining with propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342). The results showed that CTN significantly decreased the cell viability and cell proliferation, increased cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, CTN showed cytotoxicity in Sertoli cells with an IC50 value of 116.5 µM for 24 h. In conclusion, these findings clearly showed that, CTN affects Sertoli cells even at low concentrations. Thus, as a result of the damage of CTN shown in Sertoli cells, it can be deduced that CTN may also have detrimental effects on the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Aydin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu Orta Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nebahat Yildizbayrak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahu Korkut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isparta City Hospital, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Tulay Irez
- Faculty of Medicine, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Erkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Wei Q, Deng H, Cui H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. A mini review of fluoride-induced apoptotic pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33926-33935. [PMID: 30338467 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine or fluoride can have toxic effects on bone tissue and soft tissue at high concentrations. These negative effects include but not limited to cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, blood toxicity, and oxidative damage. Apoptosis plays an important role in fluoride-induced toxicity of kidney, liver, spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, cecal tonsil, and cultured cells. Here, apoptosis activated by high level of fluoride has been systematically reviewed, focusing on three pathways: mitochondrion-mediated, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated, and death receptor-mediated pathways. However, very limited reports are focused on the death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathways in the fluoride-induced apoptosis. Therefore, understanding and discovery of more pathways and molecular mechanisms of fluoride-induced apoptosis may contribute to designing measures for preventing fluoride toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural information engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
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16
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Oyagbemi AA, Omobowale TO, Ola-Davies OE, Asenuga ER, Ajibade TO, Adejumobi OA, Arojojoye OA, Afolabi JM, Ogunpolu BS, Falayi OO, Hassan FO, Ochigbo GO, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Yakubu MA. Quercetin attenuates hypertension induced by sodium fluoride via reduction in oxidative stress and modulation of HSP 70/ERK/PPARγ signaling pathways. Biofactors 2018; 44:465-479. [PMID: 30171731 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the silent killers in the world with high mortality and morbidity. The exposure of humans and animals to fluoride and/or fluoride containing compounds is almost inevitable. This study investigated the modulatory effects of quercetin on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Forty male rats were randomly separated into four groups (n =10). Group A animals served as the control, rats in Group B were exposed to 300 ppm of NaF, Groups C and D animals were exposed to 300 ppm of NaF along with quercetin orally at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg orally by gavage, while NaF was administered in drinking water, respectively, for a week. Administration of NaF caused severe hypertension as indicated with significant increases in the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, together with prolonged ventricular depolarization (QRS) and the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave in the heart's electrical cycle (QT) intervals when compared with controls. NaF significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, caused increase in markers of oxidative stress and renal damage when compared with controls. Immunohistochemical staining revealed lower expressions of Hsp70, ERK, and PPARγ in the heart, kidney, and aorta of rats-administered NaF relative to the controls. Together, quercetin co-treatment with NaF restored blood pressure, normalized QRS interval, and improved antioxidant defense system. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(5):465-479, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebunoluwa Racheal Asenuga
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Jeremiah Moyinoluwa Afolabi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Cell Biology & Physiology track, Integrated Biomedical Sciences PhD, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Blessing Seun Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Grace Onyeche Ochigbo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Wei Q, Luo Q, Liu H, Chen L, Cui H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. The mitochondrial pathway is involved in sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced renal apoptosis in mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:792-808. [PMID: 30310657 PMCID: PMC6116726 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to explore the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) in the mouse kidney by using the methods of flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and experimental pathology. 240 four-week-old ICR mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and exposed to different concentrations of NaF (0 mg kg-1, 12 mg kg-1, 24 mg kg-1 and 48 mg kg-1) for a period of 42 days. The results demonstrated that NaF increased cell apoptosis and the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and that the mitochondrial pathway was involved in NaF-induced apoptosis. Alteration of the mitochondrial pathway was characterized by significantly increasing mRNA and protein expression levels of cytosolic cytochrome c (Cyt c), the second mitochondrial activator of caspases/direct inhibitors of the apoptosis binding protein with low pI (Smac/Diablo), the serine protease high-temperature-requirement protein A2/Omi (HtrA2/Omi), the apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), endonuclease G (Endo G), cleaved-cysteine aspartate specific protease-9 (cleaved-caspase-9), cleaved-cysteine aspartate specific protease-3 (cleaved-caspase-3), Bcl-2 antagonist killer (Bak), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), cleaved-poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (cleaved-PARP), p-p53, and decreasing mRNA and protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-extra large (Bcl-xL), and X chromosome-linked inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (XIAPs). To our knowledge, the mitochondrial pathway is reported for the first time in NaF-induced apoptosis of the human or animal kidney. Also, this study provides novel insights for further studying fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-136-0826-4628
| | - Qin Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-136-0826-4628
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-136-0826-4628
| | - Linlin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-136-0826-4628
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-136-0826-4628
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Agriculture University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-136-0826-4628
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Agriculture University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-136-0826-4628
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Agriculture University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-136-0826-4628
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Agriculture University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-136-0826-4628
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Agriculture University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-136-0826-4628
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Agriculture University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-136-0826-4628
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Agriculture University , Wenjiang , Chengdu , 611130 , China
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18
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Chronic Exposure to Sodium Fluoride Triggers Oxidative Biochemistry Misbalance in Mice: Effects on Peripheral Blood Circulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8379123. [PMID: 30224946 PMCID: PMC6129794 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8379123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The excessive fluoride (F) exposure is associated with damage to cellular processes of different tissue types, due to changes in enzymatic metabolism and breakdown of redox balance. However, few studies evaluate doses of F compatible with human consumption. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) on peripheral blood of mice from the evaluation of biochemical parameters. The animals were divided into three groups (n = 10) and received three concentrations of NaF in the drinking water for 60 days: 0 mg/L F, 10 mg/L F, and 50 mg/L F. The blood was then collected for trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH). The results showed that doses of 10 mg/L F and 50 mg/L F were able to increase TBARS concentration and decrease NO levels and CAT activity in the blood, but there was no statistical difference for SOD levels. The 50 mg/L F group showed an increase in TEAC levels and a decrease in the GSH content when compared to the control group. In this way, oxidative changes in blood from chronic exposure to F, especially at the highest dose, indicate that F may be a toxic agent and, therefore, the long-term exposure to excessive doses should be avoided.
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19
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Vitamin E and lycopene reduce coal burning fluorosis-induced spermatogenic cell apoptosis via oxidative stress-mediated JNK and ERK signaling pathways. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171003. [PMID: 29273675 PMCID: PMC6066653 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although fluoride has been widely used in toothpaste, mouthwash, and drinking water to prevent dental caries, the excessive intake of fluoride can cause fluorosis which is associated with dental, skeletal, and soft tissue fluorosis. Recent evidences have drawn the attention to its adverse effects on male reproductive system that include spermatogenesis defect, sperm count loss, and sperm maturation impairment. Fluoride induces oxidative stress through the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade which can lead to cell apoptosis. Vitamin E (VE) and lycopene are two common antioxidants, being protective to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced toxic effects. However, whether and how these two antioxidants prevent fluoride-induced spermatogenic cell apoptosis are largely unknown. In the present study, a male rat model for coal burning fluorosis was established and the histological lesions and spermatogenic cell apoptosis in rat testes were observed. The decreased expression of clusterin, a heterodimeric glycoprotein reported to regulate spermatogenic cell apoptosis, was detected in fluoride-treated rat testes. Interestingly, the co-administration with VE or lycopene reduced fluorosis-mediated testicular toxicity and rescued clusterin expression. Further, fluoride caused the enhanced Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK, c-Jun) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, which was reduced by VE or lycopene. Thus, VE and lycopene prevent coal burning fluorosis-induced spermatogenic cell apoptosis through the suppression of oxidative stress-mediated JNK and ERK signaling pathway, which could be an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of fluorosis.
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20
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Impact of fluoride and a static magnetic field on the gene expression that is associated with the antioxidant defense system of human fibroblasts. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 287:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Deng H, Kuang P, Cui H, Chen L, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Wang X, Zhao L. Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in cultured splenic lymphocytes from mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67880-67900. [PMID: 27655720 PMCID: PMC5356527 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Though fluorine has been shown to induce apoptosis in immune organs in vivo, there has no report on fluoride-induced apoptosis in the cultured lymphocytes. Therefore, this study was conducted with objective of investigating apoptosis induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) and the mechanism behind that in the cultured splenic lymphocytes by flow cytometry, western blot and Hoechst 33258 staining. The splenic lymphocytes were isolated from 3 weeks old male ICR mice and exposed to NaF (0, 100, 200, and 400 μmol/L) in vitro for 24 and 48 h. When compared to control group, flow cytometry assay and Hoechst 33258 staining showed that NaF induced lymphocytes apoptosis, which was promoted by decrease of mitochondria transmembrane potential, up-regulation of Bax, Bak, Fas, FasL, caspase 9, caspase 8, caspase 7, caspase 6 and caspase 3 protein expression (P < 0.05 or P <0.01), and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein expression (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The above-mentioned data suggested that NaF-induced apoptosis in splenic lymphocytes could be mediated by mitochondrial and death receptor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Ping Kuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
| | - Lian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
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22
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Salomão PMA, de Oliveira FA, Rodrigues PD, Al-Ahj LP, Gasque KCDS, Jeggle P, Buzalaf MAR, de Oliveira RC, Edwardson JM, Magalhães AC. The cytotoxic effect of TiF4 and NaF on fibroblasts is influenced by the experimental model, fluoride concentration and exposure time. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179471. [PMID: 28614381 PMCID: PMC5470716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) has shown promising effect in preventing tooth lesions. Therefore, we compared the cytotoxicity of TiF4 with sodium fluoride (NaF) (already applied in Dentistry) considering different fluoride concentrations, pH values and experimental models. Materials and methods Step 1) NIH/3T3 fibroblasts were exposed to mediums containing NaF or TiF4 (from 0.15 to 2.45% F), both at native and adjusted pH, for 6 h. Step 2) NIH/3T3 were exposed to NaF or TiF4 varnishes with 0.95, 1.95 or 2.45% F (native pH), for 6, 12 or 24 h. We applied MTT (1st and 2nd steps) and Hoescht/PI stain (2nd step) assays. Step 3) NIH/3T3 were exposed to NaF or TiF4 varnish (2.45% F), at native pH, for 6 or 12 h. The cell stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results Step 1) All cells exposed to NaF or TiF4 mediums died, regardless of the F concentration and pH. Step 2) Both varnishes, at 1.90 and 2.45% F, reduced cell viability by similar extents (33–86% at 6 h, 35–93% at 12 h, and 87–98% at 24 h) compared with control, regardless of the type of fluoride. Varnishes with 0.95% F did not differ from control. Step 3) TiF4 and NaF reduced cell stiffness to a similar extent, but only TiF4 differed from control at 6 h. Conclusions Based on the results of the 3 experimental steps, we conclude that TiF4 and NaF have similar cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was dependent on F concentration and exposure time. This result gives support for testing the effect of TiF4 varnish in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flávia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Danielle Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Polioni Al-Ahj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pia Jeggle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Ribeiro DA, Yujra VQ, da Silva VHP, Claudio SR, Estadella D, de Barros Viana M, Oshima CTF. Putative mechanisms of genotoxicity induced by fluoride: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15254-15259. [PMID: 28477256 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity is the ability of an agent to produce damage on the DNA molecule. Considering the strong evidence for a relationship between genetic damage and carcinogenesis, to elucidate the putative mechanisms of genotoxicity induced by fluoride are important to measure the degree of risk involved to human populations. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on genotoxicity induced by fluoride on the basis of its mechanisms of action. In the last 10 years, all published data showed some evidence related to genotoxicity, which is due to mitochondrial disruption, oxidative stress, and cell cycle disturbances. However, this is an area that still requires a lot of investigation since the published data are not sufficient for clarifying the genotoxicity induced by fluoride. Certainly, the new information will be added to those already established for regulatory purposes as a safe way to promote oral healthcare and prevent oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Av. Ana Costa, 95, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil.
| | - Veronica Quispe Yujra
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Rangel Claudio
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Estadella
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Tian Y, Huo M, Li G, Li Y, Wang J. Regulation of LPS-induced mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via alteration of NF-κB activity in mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to fluoride. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:89-95. [PMID: 27421105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
F toxicity to immune system, especially to macrophage, has been studied a lot recently. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), as a transcription factor, plays a central role in immune and inflammatory responses via the regulation of downstream gene expression. Recent studies indicated that fluoride effect on inflammatory cytokine secretion, however, the molecular mechanism was less understood. In our study, peritoneal macrophages (PMs) were divided several groups and were administrated sodium fluoride (NaF, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 μM) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 30 ng/mg). The mRNA expression of p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in macrophages exposed to fluoride was determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR respectively. The translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm to nucleus, which in a way reflects NF-κB activity, was demonstrated by Immunofluorescence and ELISA. Our results showed that fluoride had a dose-dependent effect on NF-κB activity, which coincided with LPS-induced mRNA expression of its downstream genes, iNOS and IL-1β. Fluoride alone causes no effect on gene expression. However, the mRNA expression of TNF-α showed non-NF-κB-dependent manner. Therefore, we come to the conclusion that fluoride can regulate LPS-induced mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-1β via NF-κB pathway in mouse peritoneal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Tian
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Meijun Huo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Guangsheng Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
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Zhao L, Li J, Su J, Snead ML, Ruan J. LS8 cell apoptosis induced by NaF through p-ERK and p-JNK - a mechanism study of dental fluorosis. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:539-549. [PMID: 27624793 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2016.1214980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible biological mechanism of dental fluorosis at a molecular level. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cultured LS8 were incubated with serum-free medium containing selected concentrations of NaF (0 ∼ 2 mM) for either 24 or 48 h. Subcellular microanatomy was characterized using TEM; meanwhile, selected biomolecules were analysed using various biochemistry techniques. Transient transfection was used to modulate a molecular pathway for apoptosis. RESULTS Apoptosis of LS8 was induced by NaF treatment that showed both time and concentration dependency. The activity of caspase-3, -8, -9 was found to be increased with NaF in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot revealed that the protein expression of p-ERK and p-JNK were decreased, while the expression of p-P38 was increased. Inhibition of the p-ERK and p-JNK pathways resulted in a similar decrease for caspase-3. CONCLUSION During NaF-induced apoptosis of LS8, p-ERK and p-JNK were closely associated with induction of apoptosis, which might be a mechanism of dental fluorosis.
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Zheng X, Sun Y, Ke L, Ouyang W, Zhang Z. Molecular mechanism of brain impairment caused by drinking-acquired fluorosis and selenium intervention. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 43:134-139. [PMID: 26991847 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular mechanism of brain impairment induced by drinking fluoridated water and selenium intervention. Results showed that the learning and memory of rats in NaF group significantly decreased. Moreover, the number of apoptotic cells, the expression levels of Cytc mRNA and protein, and the expression levels of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 mRNA significantly increased; by contrast, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 protein levels significantly decreased. Compared with the NaF group, the mRNA levels of Cytc and Caspase-9, as well as the protein levels of Cytc in NaF+Se group, significantly decreased. Conversely, the protein levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, as well as the mRNA levels of Caspase-3, significantly increased. Thus, the mitochondrial CytC-Caspase-9-Caspase-3 apoptosis pathway in the hippocampus was one of the mechanisms leading to fluorosis-induced brain damage. Furthermore, the Cytc signaling molecules were possibly the key target molecules in fluorosis-induced apoptosis, and selenium could alleviate fluorosis-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangren Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science at Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Science at Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Lulu Ke
- College of Chemistry and Life Science at Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- College of Sports and Health Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Zigui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science at Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; College of Xing Zhi, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
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Yin S, Wu H, Song C, Chen X, Zhang Y. Modulation and the Underlying Mechanism of T Cells in Thymus of Mice by Oral Administration of Sodium Fluoride. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 170:194-200. [PMID: 26267553 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of thymic T cell regulation has been a hot topic of research in recent years. Fluoride is toxic at high concentrations and fluoride toxicity to thymic T cells was assessed in our study. To explore T cell responses to excess fluoride, different concentrations of fluoride were uptake by mice for 6 weeks. The expression of genes, including Foxn1, Cbx4, DLL4, and IL-7 gene, associated with the development and differentiation of T cells in thymic epithelial cells(TECs) was lower in the experimental groups than that in the control group. The percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that decreased with the fluoride administration were confirmed by flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of immunoregulatory cytokines IL-2 and IL-10, which participate in T cell proliferation, also declined in the experimental groups as compared with the control group. Expression of the T cell function-related genes CD2, PTPRC, CD69, and CD101, which are involved in thymic function in mice, decreased with the fluoride administration. Our findings suggest that the administration of high concentrations of fluoride to mice induces a decrease in CD4(+) and CD8(+) thymus T cells by harming TECs leading to the dysfunction of the thymus by altering the expression of T cell function-related genes and immunoregulatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songna Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Jia J, Yang F, Yang M, Wang C, Song Y. P38/JNK signaling pathway mediates the fluoride-induced down-regulation of Fam83h. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:386-90. [PMID: 26876574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The similar clinical and pathological feature in fluorosis and amelogenesis imperfect with FAM83H mutations imply that excess fluoride could have effects on the expression of FAM83H and could elaborate this process by some signal pathways regulation. The present study aims to investigate the effects of fluoride on Fam83h expression and try to explore the molecular signaling regulation between them as well as the association of high concentration fluoride with mineralization in ameloblast lineage cells. METHODS Protein expression and signaling pathways of mouse ameloblast-like LS8 cells, exposed to fluoride or MAPK inhibitors, were compared to control cells without exposure. Fam83h, proteins of MAPK signal pathways (ERK, P38 and JNK) were examined by Quantitative real-time PCR and/or Western-blot. ALP activity and ALP staining were used to detect the mineralization in the cells with exposure during 7-day mineralization inducing differentiation. RESULTS The results showed that Fam83h protein level in LS8 cells decreased in the presence of fluoride and MAPK inhibitors. Down-regulation of Fam83h by fluoride was related to suppression of JNK and P38 phosphorylation, and the descending degree of P38 was more obvious. Fluoride and MAPK inhibitors treatment significantly decreased the mineralization level in LS8 cells. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that JNK and P38 could be key regulatory element for Fam83h expression, and that LS8 cells can respond to fluoride by down-regulating Fam83h expression through the regulation of JNK and p38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, 357 Ximen Road, Kaifeng 471000, China
| | - Fang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Mei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Changning Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yaling Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Iwatsuki M, Matsuoka M. Fluoride-induced c-Fos expression in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:132-8. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1129570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Iwatsuki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Matsuoka
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Irigoyen-Camacho ME, García Pérez A, Mejía González A, Huizar Alvarez R. Nutritional status and dental fluorosis among schoolchildren in communities with different drinking water fluoride concentrations in a central region in Mexico. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:512-519. [PMID: 26426374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Poor water quality and under nutrition are important factors affecting the health of many communities in developing countries. The aims of this study were: i) to describe the fluoride water concentration and the hydrogeological conditions in a region of a state located in the central in Mexico ii) to measure the association between undernutrition and dental fluorosis in children living in communities with different drinking water fluoride concentrations in a state located in the central region of Mexico. METHODS Field work was performed in the region to identify the prevailing groundwater flow characteristics and water wells were sampled to analyze water fluoride concentration. Children were selected from three communities that had different drinking water fluoride concentrations (i.e., 0.56, 0.70 and 1.60 mg/l). Fluoridated salt was available in these communities. The Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI) was used to assess dental fluorosis. Categories four or higher of this index involve changes in the entire tooth surface (ITF ≥ 4). The weight and height of the children were measured. The assessment of undernutrition was based on the World Health Organization criteria: children were classified as being at risk of low-height (Height-for-Age Z score < − 1.0 SD) and having low-height (Height-for-Age Z score < − 2.0 SD) for age and sex, the same cutoff points of the Z score were used to classify "risk of low-weight" and" low-weight children". RESULTS In the region the mineralization of the water captured by the wells is the result of a reaction with volcanic materials. The water fluoride concentration in the region ranged from 0.2 to 1.6 mg/l. A total of 734 schoolchildren participated in the study. The percentage of children in fluorosis categories (ITF ≥ 4) was 15.9%, 21.1% of the children were at risk of low height-for-age, and 8.0% had low height-for-age. The percentage of children with fluorosis (ITF ≥ 4) was 6.3%, 9.1% and 31.9% (p ˂ 0.001) and low high-for-age was 2.9%, 2.5% and 8.4% (p ˂ 0.001), for the communities with F concentrations of 0.56 mg/l, 0.70 mg/l and 1.6 mg/l, respectively. The logistic regression model showed an association between dental fluorosis (TFI ≥ 4) and low height-for-age (OR 2.09, p = 0.022) after adjusting for sex, number of teeth erupted, source of drinking water, use of fluoridated toothpaste and tap water fluoride concentration in the community. CONCLUSION Children with low height-for-age were more likely to have dental fluorosis in the TFI categories that affect the entire tooth surface. The results suggest that subpopulations with chronic undernutrition are more susceptible to dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Irigoyen-Camacho
- Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A García Pérez
- Postgraduate Dental Program, School of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Epidemiology Ocular, Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Mexico.
| | | | - R Huizar Alvarez
- Institute of Geology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Panneerselvam L, Govindarajan V, Ameeramja J, Nair HR, Perumal E. Single oral acute fluoride exposure causes changes in cardiac expression of oxidant and antioxidant enzymes, apoptotic and necrotic markers in male rats. Biochimie 2015; 119:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pan Y, Lü P, Yin L, Chen K, He Y. Effect of fluoride on the proteomic profile of the hippocampus in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 70:151-7. [PMID: 26075534 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2014-4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to detect fluoride-induced alterations in the proteome of the rat hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30) were subjected to treatments three weeks after weaning. Animals of the first group were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with aqueous NaF (20 mg/kg/body weight/day), the second group, injected with physiological saline, served as the control. After 30 days, the body weight of the fluoride-treated rats was lower than that of the control, and F- levels in serum were higher than in the control. The hippocampus was subjected to proteomic analysis, and the fluoride-treated group was found to contain 19 up-regulated and eight down-regulated proteins. The proteins, identified by mass-spectroscopic analysis of their fragments obtained after digestion, were found to be involved in amino acid biosynthesis, the insulin signaling pathway and various other crucial functions. Our results also provide useful information on the mechanism of the reduction of the learning ability and memory induced by F.
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Cao J, Chen J, Xie L, Wang J, Feng C, Song J. Protective properties of sesamin against fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in kidney of carp (Cyprinus carpio) via JNK signaling pathway. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 167:180-190. [PMID: 26340122 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesamin, a major lignan derived from sesame seeds, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. However, its protective effects against fluoride-induced injury in kidney of fish have not been clarified. Previously we found that fluoride exposure caused damage and apoptosis in the kidneys of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. In this study, the effects of sesamin on renal oxidative stress and apoptosis in fluoride-exposed fish were determined. The results showed that sesamin alleviated significantly fluoride-induced renal damage and apoptosis of carp in a dose-dependent manner, indicated by the histopathological examination and ultrastructural observation. Moreover, treatment with sesamin also inhibited significantly fluoride-induced remarkable enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, such as the increase of lipid peroxidation level and the depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level in kidney. To explore the underlying mechanisms of sesamin action, we found that activities of caspase-3 were notably inhibited by treatment with sesamin in the kidney of fluoride-exposed fish. Sesamin decreased the levels of p-JNK protein in kidney, which in turn inactivated pro-apoptotic signaling events by restoring the balance between mitochondrial pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bax proteins and by decreasing the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in kidney of fluoride-exposed fish. JNK was also involved in the mitochondrial extrinsic apoptotic pathways of sesamin effects against fluoride-induced renal injury by regulating the levels of p-c-Jun, necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Bak proteins. These findings indicated that sesamin could protect kidney against fluoride-induced apoptosis by the oxidative stress downstream-mediated change in the inactivation of JNK signaling pathway. Taken together, sesamin plays an important role in maintaining renal health and preventing kidney from toxic damage induced by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Jianjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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Chen J, Cao J, Wang J, Jia R, Xue W, Xie L. Fluoride-induced apoptosis and expressions of caspase proteins in the kidney of carp (Cyprinus carpio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:769-781. [PMID: 24459041 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate oxidative stress, apoptosis, and protein expressions of caspase-3, 8, and 9 in kidney of the carp juveniles exposed to 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 mg L(-1) of fluoride (in the form of NaF) for 90 days. The results showed that dose- and time-dependent decrease of SOD and GSH and dose- and time-dependent increase of MDA were observed in the carp juveniles, which suggested that fluoride induced oxidative damage accompanied with morphological changes and significant apoptosis in fish exposed to fluoride, especially in the higher doses. Fluoride exposure also significantly elevated the protein expressions of caspase-3, 8, and 9. In conclusion, these results indicate that chronic exposure to fluoride causes oxidative stress, damages the kidney structure, and results in renal apoptosis by caspase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Ruhui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Wenjuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
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Sun Y, Liu WZ, Liu T, Feng X, Yang N, Zhou HF. Signaling pathway of MAPK/ERK in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, senescence and apoptosis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 35:600-4. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 902] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yin S, Song C, Wu H, Chen X, Zhang Y. Adverse Effects of High Concentrations of Fluoride on Characteristics of the Ovary and Mature Oocyte of Mouse. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129594. [PMID: 26053026 PMCID: PMC4460091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive toxicity has been an exciting topic of research in reproductive biology in recent years. Soluble fluoride salts are toxic at high concentrations; their reproductive toxicity was assessed in this study by administering different fluoride salt concentrations to mice. Continuous feeding for five weeks resulted in damage to the histological architecture of ovaries. The expression of genes, including Dazl, Stra8, Nobox, Sohlh1, and ZP3 gene, associated with oocyte formation were much lower in the experimental group as compared with the control group. The number of in vitro fertilization of mature oocytes were also much lower in the experimental group as compared with control. Moreover, the fertility of female mice, as assessed by mating with normal male mice, was also lower in experimental compared with control groups. The expression of the oocyte-specific genes: Bmp15, Gdf9, H1oo, and ZP2, which are involved in oocyte growth and the induction of the acrosome reaction, decreased with the fluoride administration. DNA methylation and histone acetylation (H3K18ac and H3K9ac) are indispensable for germline development and genomic imprinting in mammals, and fluoride administration resulted in reduced levels of H3K9ac and H3K18ac in the experimental group as compared with the control group, as detected by immunostaining. Our results indicate that the administration of high concentrations of fluoride to female mice significantly reduced the number of mature oocytes and hampered their development and fertilization. Thus, this study lays a foundation for future studies on fluoride-induced reproductive disorders in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songna Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
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Chen L, Chen H, Yao C, Chang C, Xia H, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Yao Q, Chen K. The toxicity of NaF on BmN cells and a comparative proteomics approach to identify protein expression changes in cells under NaF-stress: impact of NaF on BmN cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:624-631. [PMID: 25661258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorides negatively affect the development of organisms and are a threat to human health and environmental safety. In this study, Bombyx mori N cell line (BmN) were used to explore effects of NaF on insect cells. We found that 8h (hrs) culture with high concentration of NaF (≥ 1 mM) induced significantly morphological changes. Dose-response curves of 72 h continuously cultured BmN treated with NaF showed that the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 56.60 μM. Treatment of BmN with 100 and 300 μM of NaF induced apoptosis and necrosis. 2-D electrophoresis of whole cell extracted from BmN showed that treatment with 300 μM NaF up-regulated 32 proteins and down-regulated 11 proteins when compared with controls. We identified 5 different proteins by MALDI-TOF MS, and 4 of them were identified for the first time, including 2 up-regulated proteins (mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH2 and prohibitin protein WPH) and 2 down-regulated proteins (calreticulin precursor CRT and DNA supercoiling factor SCF). These observations were further confirmed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Together, our data suggest that these target proteins could be regarded as targets influenced by NaF and also provide clues for studies on the response metabolism pathway under NaF stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Chun Yao
- Department of Stomatology, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Hengchuan Xia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Qin Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
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Kanagaraj VV, Panneerselvam L, Govindarajan V, Ameeramja J, Perumal E. Caffeic acid, a phyto polyphenol mitigates fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in rats: A possible mechanism. Biofactors 2015; 41:90-100. [PMID: 25845575 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride induced hepatotoxicity has been extensively studied in both humans and animals. However, the mechanism underlying in the hepatotoxicity of experimental fluorosis remains obscure. The severity of fluoride toxicity was reduced by oral administration of certain plant derived antioxidants. Caffeic acid (CA) a polyphenolic compound has diverse range of pharmacological activity in the biological system. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of CA, against fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The rats were treated with 300 ppm of NaF via drinking water ad libitum alone and in combination with CA at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for 30 days by oral intubation. CA treatment significantly prevented fluoride induced hepatic damage as evident from the histopathological studies and declined levels of serum fluoride and liver marker enzymes. A significant decrease in the levels of enzymatic (SOD2, CAT, GPx, and GSTpi class) and nonenzymatic (GSH and Vitamin C) antioxidants along with increased ROS, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, and nitrate levels by fluoride were also prevented in these groups. In addition, CA inhibits fluoride induced apoptosis by altering the Bax and caspase-3p20 expressions. Further, fluoride induced upregulation of Nox4, p38α MAPK, Hsp60, and downregulation of Hsp27 are the indicators for the detection of oxidative damage, apoptosis, and mitochondrial stress was also modulated by CA. These findings reveal that CA supplementation has a protective effect against fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Vignesh Kanagaraj
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641 046, India
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Podder S, Ghoshal N, Banerjee A, Ganguly B, Upadhyay R, Chatterjee A. Interaction of DNA-lesions induced by sodium fluoride and radiation and its influence in apoptotic induction in cancer cell lines. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:461-471. [PMID: 28962382 PMCID: PMC5598532 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoride is an essential trace element but also an environmental contaminant with major sources of exposure being drinking water, food and pesticides. Previous studies showed that sodium fluoride (NaF) at 5 mM or more is required to induce apoptosis and chromosome aberrations and proposed that DNA damage and apoptosis play an important role in toxicity of excessive fluoride. The aim of this study is directed to understand the nature of DNA-lesions induced by NaF by allowing its interaction with radiation induced DNA-lesions. NaF 5 mM was used after observing inability to induce DNA damages and apoptosis by single exposure with 50 μM or 1 mM NaF. Co-exposure to NaF and radiation significantly increased the frequency of aberrant metaphases and exchange aberrations in human lymphocytes and arrested the cells in G1 stage instead of apoptotic death. Flow cytometric analysis, DNA fragmentation and PARP-cleavage analysis clearly indicated that 5 mM NaF together with radiation (1 Gy) induced apoptosis in both U87 and K562 cells due to down regulation of expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, like Bcl2 in U87 and inhibitors of apoptotic proteins like survivin and cIAP in K562 cells. This study herein suggested that single exposure with extremely low concentration of NaF unable to induce DNA lesions whereas higher concentration induced DNA lesions interact with the radiation-induced DNA lesions. Both are probably repaired rapidly thus showed increased interactive effect. Coexposure to NaF and radiation induces more apoptosis in cancer cell lines which could be due to increased exchange aberrations through lesions interaction and downregulating anti-apoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anupam Chatterjee
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
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Karn SS, Narasimhacharya AVRL. Physiologic and Metabolic Benefits of Formulated Diets and Mangifera indica in Fluoride Toxicity. J Diet Suppl 2014; 12:153-72. [PMID: 25166890 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2014.952857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluorosis is a major health problem affecting normal physiological and metabolic functions in people living in endemic fluoride areas. The present work was aimed at investigating the role of basal, high carbohydrate low protein (HCLP) and high protein low carbohydrate (HPLC) diets and Mangifera indica fruit powder as a food supplement in fluoride-induced metabolic toxicity. Exposure to fluoride resulted in elevation of plasma glucose levels, ACP, ALP, SGPT, SGOT, and hepatic G-6-Pase activities, plasma and hepatic lipid profiles with decreased plasma protein, HDL-C, hepatic glycogen content and hexokinase activity in basal, HCLP and HPLC diet fed albino rats. However among the three diets tested, HPLC diet was found to be relatively, a better metabolic regulator. All the three formulated diets (basal, HCLP and HPLC) supplemented with mango fruit powder (5 and 10 g), decreased plasma glucose content, ACP, ALP, SGPT, SGOT and hepatic G-6-Pase activities and plasma as well as hepatic lipid profiles. These diets also elevated the hepatic glycogen content and hexokinase activities. These effects however, were prominent with the HPLC diet supplemented with mango fruit powder and, among the two doses of mango fruit powder, the higher dose (10 g) yielded more promising results. It is surmised that the micronutrients and phytochemicals present in the diets and the mango fruit could be responsible for attenuation of fluoride-induced metabolic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay S Karn
- Laboratory for Animal Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
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Cao J, Chen J, Wang J, Klerks P, Xie L. Effects of sodium fluoride on MAPKs signaling pathway in the gills of a freshwater teleost, Cyprinus carpio. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 152:164-172. [PMID: 24780358 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to elevated levels of fluoride can cause a variety of adverse effects in fish. Previously we showed that fluoride causes injuries and apoptosis in the gills of Cyprinus carpio. In this study, the effects of fluoride on caspase-3 activity and on accumulation of proteins in the MAPKs pathways were evaluated using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry methods in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that the caspase-3 activity increased with fluoride exposure level in a dose-dependent pattern Western blotting and immunohistochemistry results indicated that ERK relative activation tended to decrease as a function of fluoride exposure concentration. In contrast, relative activation of JNK increased with fluoride exposure level. Fluoride exposure did not appear to affect p38 activation. Furthermore, pretreatment of branchial cells with MAPK-specific inhibitors effectively prevented JNK induction and ERK inhibition, respectively, as well as reversed caspase-3 activity in fluoride-treated branchial cells. Our results indicate that activation of JNK and inactivation of ERK were caused by increased ROS and decreased antioxidant capacity in the gills of chronically exposed C. carpio described previously, which eventually caused the observed apoptosis in the fluoride-exposed gills and cells in C. carpio. JNK activation and ERK inactivation mechanism play a crucial role in gill impairment induced by chronic fluorosis. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the initial molecular and cellular events in the gill of fish chronically exposed to fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Jianjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Paul Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Box 42521, LA 70504, USA
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Santos-Martinez MJ, Medina C, Radomski MW. Pharmacological and toxicological effects of co-exposure of human gingival fibroblasts to silver nanoparticles and sodium fluoride. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1677-87. [PMID: 24729703 PMCID: PMC3979695 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and fluoride (F) are pharmacological agents widely used in oral medicine and dental practice due to their anti-microbial/anti-cavity properties. However, risks associated with the co-exposure of local cells and tissues to these xenobiotics are not clear. Therefore, we have evaluated the effects of AgNPs and F co-exposure on human gingival fibroblast cells. Methods Human gingival fibroblast cells (CRL-2014) were exposed to AgNPs and/or F at different concentrations for up to 24 hours. Cellular uptake of AgNPs was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Downstream inflammatory effects and oxidative stress were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and real-time quantitative PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. Finally, the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) was studied using Western blot. Results We found that AgNPs penetrated the cell membrane and localized inside the mitochondria. Co-incubation experiments resulted in increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In addition, we found that co-exposure to both xenobiotics phosphorylated MAPK, particularly p42/44 MAPK. Conclusion A combined exposure of human fibroblasts to AgNPs and F results in increased cellular damage. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate pharmacological and potentially toxicological effects of AgNPs and F on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Jose Santos-Martinez
- The School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carlos Medina
- The School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marek W Radomski
- The School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Jothiramajayam M, Sinha S, Ghosh M, Nag A, Jana A, Mukherjee A. Sodium fluoride promotes apoptosis by generation of reactive oxygen species in human lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1269-1280. [PMID: 25268553 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.928658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride generated the attention of toxicologists due to its deleterious effects at high concentrations in human populations suffering from fluorosis and with in vivo experimental models. Interest in its undesirable effects has resurfaced due to the awareness that this element interacts with cellular systems even at low doses. This study focused on examining the adverse effects of inorganic fluoride (NaF) on human lymphocyte cells in vitro. Mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, cell cycle progression, and mode of cell death were combined with genotoxic endpoints. Data demonstrated that NaF at lower concentrations, although not significantly cytotoxic and genotoxic, induced oxidative stress leading to apoptotic cell death. The results also suggested that at low concentrations (<1 μg/ml), NaF may affect cell cycle progression. Taken together, our findings confirm earlier reports on mechanisms involved in NaF-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Jothiramajayam
- a Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany , University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
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Utreras E, Prochazkova M, Terse A, Gross J, Keller J, Iadarola MJ, Kulkarni AB. TGF-β1 sensitizes TRPV1 through Cdk5 signaling in odontoblast-like cells. Mol Pain 2013; 9:24. [PMID: 23668392 PMCID: PMC3680294 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Odontoblasts are specialized cells that form dentin and they are believed to be sensors for tooth pain. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed early in odontoblasts, plays an important role in the immune response during tooth inflammation and infection. TGF-β1 is also known to participate in pain signaling by regulating cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia. However, the precise role of TGF-β1 in tooth pain signaling is not well characterized. The aim of our present study was to determine whether or not in odontoblasts Cdk5 is functionally active, if it is regulated by TGF-β1, and if it affects the downstream pain receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1). Results We first determined that Cdk5 and p35 are indeed expressed in an odontoblast-enriched primary preparation from murine teeth. For the subsequent analysis, we used an odontoblast-like cell line (MDPC-23) and found that Cdk5 is functionally active in these cells and its kinase activity is upregulated during cell differentiation. We found that TGF-β1 treatment potentiated Cdk5 kinase activity in undifferentiated MDPC-23 cells. SB431542, a specific inhibitor of TGF-β1 receptor 1 (Tgfbr1), when co-administered with TGF-β1, blocked the induction of Cdk5 activity. TGF-β1 treatment also activated the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, causing an increase in early growth response-1 (Egr-1), a transcription factor that induces p35 expression. In MDPC-23 cells transfected with TRPV1, Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of TRPV1 at threonine-407 was significantly increased after TGF-β1 treatment. In contrast, SB431542 co-treatment blocked TRPV1 phosphorylation. Moreover, TGF-β1 treatment enhanced both proton- and capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx in TRPV1-expressing MDPC-23 cells, while co-treatment with either SB431542 or roscovitine blocked this effect. Conclusions Cdk5 and p35 are expressed in a murine odontoblast-enriched primary preparation of cells from teeth. Cdk5 is also functionally active in odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. TGF-β1 sensitizes TRPV1 through Cdk5 signaling in MDPC-23 cells, suggesting the direct involvement of odontoblasts and Cdk5 in dental nociceptive pain transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Utreras
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 130, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Cao J, Chen J, Wang J, Jia R, Xue W, Luo Y, Gan X. Effects of fluoride on liver apoptosis and Bcl-2, Bax protein expression in freshwater teleost, Cyprinus carpio. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:1203-1212. [PMID: 23415306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fish take up fluoride directly from water and are the target organisms for fluoride pollution in the aquatic ecosystems. This study was conducted to evaluate oxidative stress, histopathological changes, apoptosis and Bcl-2, Bax expression in the livers of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) chronically exposed to fluoride. Our results showed that after 90 d of exposure, the inhibition of SOD, GSH activities and a dose-dependent stimulation of MDA levels in the liver tissues indicated that fluoride caused oxidative stress in the fish. Microscopic examinations showed that damages to the liver tissues and cell organelles in the liver tissues increased with exposure concentration. A positive correlation was observed between the apoptosis index and fluoride levels in the livers (r=0.995). There was a negative correlation between the fluoride concentration of water and the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-2/Bax (r=-0.98, r=-0.96). A positive correlation was showed between the fluoride concentration of water and the expression of Bax (r=0.96) after 90 d of exposure. Our results suggested that the common carp could tolerate relatively high levels of fluoride but adverse effects of fluoride occurred in the livers of the fish after 90 d of exposure. The apoptosis of liver cells had an important causative role in the process of fluoride-induced pathological changes of liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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Li P, Xue Y, Zhang W, Teng F, Sun Y, Qu T, Chen X, Cheng X, Song B, Luo W, Yu Q. Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in odontoblasts via a JNK-dependent mechanism. Toxicology 2013; 308:138-45. [PMID: 23578390 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is widely used for the treatment of dental caries and dentin hypersensitivity. However, its pro-apoptotic effect on odontoblasts may lead to harmful side-effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pro-apoptotic effects of NaF in odontoblasts and elucidate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. NaF generated cytotoxic effects in odontoblast-lineage cell (OLC) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exposure of cells to 4mM NaF for 24h induced caspase-3 activation, ultrastructural alterations, and resulted in the translocation of Bax to the mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial inter-membrane space into the cytosol, indicating that fluoride-mediated apoptosis is mitochondria-dependent. Fluoride treatment also increased phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, but not p38, and apoptosis induced by fluoride was notably or partly suppressed by treatment with JNK or ERK inhibitors, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that NaF induces apoptosis in OLC odontoblasts through a JNK-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
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Ohno M, Kimoto K, Toyoda T, Kawata K, Arakawa H. Fluoride-Treated Bio-Resorbable Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Promotes Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Osteoblastic MG-63 Cells. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2013; 39:154-60. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When resorbable hydroxyapatite (HA) granules, which are used as a bone supplement material, were treated in neutral 4% sodium fluoride (NaF) solution, formation of a reactant resembling calcium fluoride was observed on the surface of the granules. Immediate and slow release of fluoride from fluoridated HA (HA+F) granules was observed after immersion in culture fluid, and the concentration increased over time to 1.25 ± 0.05 ppm F at 0.5 hours, 1.57 ± 0.12 ppm F at 24 hours, and 1.73 ± 0.15 ppm F at 48 hours. On invasion assay, migration of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells exposed to the released fluoride was confirmed in comparison to the cells incubated with a nonfluoridated control sample (P < .01). In addition, fluoride added to the medium increased MG-63 cell proliferation in a manner dependent on fluoride concentrations up to 2.0 ppm (P < .05). At 5.0 ppm, however, fluoride significantly inhibited cell proliferation (P < .005). Activity of the osteogenic differentiation marker, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), also increased with fluoride after exposure for 1 week, increasing significantly at 1.0 ppm (P < .05). The promotion of MG-63 cell migration and proliferation, as well as increased ALP activity, suggested that fluoride released from the surface of resorbable HA granules, which were fluoridated by prior treatment with neutral 4% NaF solution, can provide a superb method to supply fluoride and promote osteogenic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motofumi Ohno
- Division of Oral Health, Department of Health Science, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kimoto
- Division of Oral Health, Department of Health Science, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Kazushige Kawata
- Division of Oral Health, Department of Health Science, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Arakawa
- Division of Oral Health, Department of Health Science, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan
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Fujisawa M, Tokuda M, Morimoto-Yamashita Y, Tatsuyama S, Arany S, Sugiyama T, Kitamura C, Shibukawa Y, Torii M. Hyperosmotic Stress Induces Cell Death in an Odontoblast-lineage Cell Line. J Endod 2012; 38:931-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Agalakova NI, Gusev GP. Molecular Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by Inorganic Fluoride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/403835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is ubiquitous natural substance and widespread industrial pollutant. Although low fluoride concentrations are beneficial for normal tooth and bone development, acute or chronic exposure to high fluoride doses results in adverse health effects. The molecular mechanisms underlying fluoride toxicity are different by nature. Fluoride is able to stimulate G-proteins with subsequent activation of downstream signal transduction pathways such as PKA-, PKC-, PI3-kinase-, Ca2+-, and MAPK-dependent systems. G-protein-independent routes include tyrosine phosphorylation and protein phosphatase inhibition. Along with other toxic effects, fluoride was shown to induce oxidative stress leading to excessive generation of ROS, lipid peroxidation, decrease in the GSH/GSSH ratio, and alterations in activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as to inhibit glycolysis thus causing the depletion of cellular ATP and disturbances in cellular metabolism. Fluoride triggers the disruption of mitochondria outer membrane and release of cytochrome c into cytosol, what activates caspases-9 and -3 (intrinsic) apoptotic pathway. Extrinsic (death receptor) Fas/FasL-caspase-8 and -3 pathway was also described to be implicated in fluoride-induced apoptosis. Fluoride decreases the ratio of antiapoptotic/proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and upregulates the expression of p53 protein. Finally, fluoride changes the expression profile of apoptosis-related genes and causes endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to inhibition of protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ivanovna Agalakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 M. Thorez Avenue, Sankt-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Gennadii Petrovich Gusev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 M. Thorez Avenue, Sankt-Petersburg 194223, Russia
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Differential Expression ESTs Associated with Fluorosis in Rats Liver. Comp Funct Genomics 2012; 2012:208390. [PMID: 22400010 PMCID: PMC3286904 DOI: 10.1155/2012/208390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluoride has volcanic activity and abundantly exists in environment combining with other elements as fluoride compounds. Recent researches indicated that the molecular mechanisms of intracellular fluoride toxicity were very complex. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects on gene expression of chronic fluoride-induced damage is unknown, especially the detailed regulatory process of mitochondria. In the present study, we screened the differential expression ESTs associated with fluorosis by DDRT-PCR in rat liver. We gained 8 genes, 3 new ESTs, and 1 unknown function sequence and firstly demonstrated that microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (MGST1), ATP synthase H+ transporting mitochondrial F0 complex subunit C1, selenoprotein S, mitochondrial IF1 protein, and mitochondrial succinyl-CoA synthetase alpha subunit were participated in mitochondria metabolism, functional and structural damage process caused by chronic fluorosis. This information will be very helpful for understanding the molecular mechanisms of fluorosis.
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