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Liu X, Huang Q, Li W, Yu J, Yu J, Yang Y, Song H, Liu Y, Niu X, Li W. The inhibitory impact of Schisandrin on inflammation and oxidative stress alleviates LPS-induced acute kidney injury. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38798098 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are the major pathogenic characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI). Studies have shown that Schisandrin (Sch) could regulate inflammatory disease. However, the function and mechanism of Sch in AKI progression are still unknown. Here, we investigated Sch's potential effects and mechanism on mice's renal damage and macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sch decreased LPS-induced inflammatory factor production while increasing the activity of related antioxidant enzymes in macrophages and mouse kidney tissues. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that Sch may have the ability to profoundly inhibit inflammatory cell invasion and tissue damage caused by LPS in renal tissue. Furthermore, Western blot and immunohistochemical studies showed that Sch exerted its effects mainly through up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 and inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4‒mitogen-activated protein kinases/nuclear factor-kappa B pathways. Collectively, this study illustrates that Sch suppresses LPS-stimulated AKI by descending inflammation and OS, illuminating prospective AKI treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Wenqi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jiabao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Huixin Song
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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Kondo T, Kakinuma H, Fujimura K, Ambo S, Otake K, Sato Y, Egusa H. Incomplete Polymerization of Dual-Cured Resin Cement Due to Attenuated Light through Zirconia Induces Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9861. [PMID: 37373008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zirconia restorations are becoming increasingly common. However, zirconia reduces the polymerization of dual-cured resin cement owing to light attenuation, resulting in residual resin monomers. This study investigated the effects of dual-cured resin cement, with incomplete polymerization owing to attenuated light through zirconia, on the inflammatory response in vitro. The dual-cured resin cement (SA Luting Multi, Kuraray) was light-irradiated through zirconia with three thickness diameters (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm). The light transmittance and the degree of conversion (DC) of the resin cement significantly decreased with increasing zirconia thickness. The dual-cured resin cement in 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm zirconia and no-irradiation groups showed significantly higher amounts of hydroxyethylmethacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate elution and upregulated gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 from human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and TNFα from human monocytic cells, compared with that of the 0 mm group. Dual-cured resin cement with lower DC enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in hGFs and monocytic cells. This study suggests that dual-cured resin cement with incomplete polymerization induces inflammatory responses in hGFs and monocytic cells by intracellular ROS generation and MAP kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kondo
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Next-Generation Dental Material Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kakinuma
- Department of Next-Generation Dental Material Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kanna Fujimura
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Sara Ambo
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Koki Otake
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Sato
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Frasheri I, Aumer K, Keßler A, Miosge N, Folwaczny M. Effects of resin materials dedicated for additive manufacturing of temporary dental restorations on human gingival keratinocytes. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:1105-1112. [PMID: 35731110 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of eluates of conventional and 3D-printed resin materials for manufacturing temporary dental restorations on gingival keratinocytes. METHODS Three-dimensional (3D)-printed resin materials: 3Delta temp (Deltamed), NextDent MFH (Nextdent), Freeprint temp (Detax), GC temp (GC), were compared to Grandio disc (Voco) and Luxatemp (DMG). Human gingival keratinocytes (IHGKs) were exposed to eluates of the materials and XTT assays were performed at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, or 144 h. For quantification of the proinflammatory response, the protein amount of IL-6 and 8 was determined in the supernatants using ELISA. One-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis was used to compare differences in cell viability and IL-6 and IL-8 levels between groups. RESULTS At 24 h, and more remarkably at 48 h, a significant decrease in cell viability occurred for the 3D-printed materials compared to the untreated IHGKs, but also compared to Grandio disc and Luxatemp. Except for the expression of IL-8 in presence of the eluate of Grandio disc at 24 and 48 h, all tested materials caused attenuation of IL-6 and 8 from IHGKs for any observation period. CONCLUSIONS The materials for additive manufacturing affect cell proliferation differently than the subtractive manufactured material Grandio disc and the conventional material Luxatemp. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In comparison to conventional and subtractive manufactured restorations, 3D printed temporary restorations might induce more negative effects on the gingival and probably also on pulpal health since viability and the proinflammatory response of oral keratinocytes are more intensively affected by these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Frasheri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Aumer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Keßler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Miosge
- Tissue Regeneration Work Group, Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Chen YS, Chuang WC, Kung HN, Cheng CY, Huang DY, Sekar P, Lin WW. Pan-Caspase Inhibitor zVAD Induces Necroptotic and Autophagic Cell Death in TLR3/4-Stimulated Macrophages. Mol Cells 2022; 45:257-272. [PMID: 34949739 PMCID: PMC9001149 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to inducing apoptosis, caspase inhibition contributes to necroptosis and/or autophagy depending on the cell type and cellular context. In macrophages, necroptosis can be induced by co-treatment with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] for TLR4 and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly I:C] for TLR3) and a cell-permeable pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD. Here, we elucidated the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of cell death. We showed that LPS/zVAD- and poly I:C/zVAD-induced cell death in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was inhibited by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) inhibitor necrostatin-1 and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Electron microscopic images displayed autophagosome/autolysosomes, and immunoblotting data revealed increased LC3II expression. Although zVAD did not affect LPS- or poly I:C-induced activation of IKK, JNK, and p38, it enhanced IRF3 and STAT1 activation as well as type I interferon (IFN) expression. In addition, zVAD inhibited ERK and Akt phosphorylation induced by LPS and poly I:C. Of note, zVAD-induced enhancement of the IRF3/IFN/STAT1 axis was abolished by necrostatin-1, while zVAD-induced inhibition of ERK and Akt was not. Our data further support the involvement of autocrine IFNs action in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent necroptosis, LPS/zVAD-elicited ROS production was inhibited by necrostatin-1, neutralizing antibody of IFN receptor (IFNR) and JAK inhibitor AZD1480. Accordingly, both cell death and ROS production induced by TLR ligands plus zVAD were abrogated in STAT1 knockout macrophages. We conclude that enhanced TRIF-RIP1-dependent autocrine action of IFNβ, rather than inhibition of ERK or Akt, is involved in TLRs/zVAD-induced autophagic and necroptotic cell death via the JAK/STAT1/ROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu 64041, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chu Chuang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ni Kung
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ponarulselvam Sekar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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De Angelis F, Sarteur N, Buonvivere M, Vadini M, Šteffl M, D'Arcangelo C. Meta-analytical analysis on components released from resin-based dental materials. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6015-6041. [PMID: 35870020 PMCID: PMC9525379 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resin-based materials are applied in every branch of dentistry. Due to their tendency to release substances in the oral environment, doubts have been raised about their actual safety. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the last decade literature regarding the concentrations of elutable substances released from dental resin-based materials in different type of solvents. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the literature published on dental journals between January 2010 and April 2022 was searched using international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science). Due to strict inclusion criteria, only 23 papers out of 877 were considered eligible. The concentration of eluted substances related to surface and volume of the sample was analyzed, considering data at 24 h as a reference. The total cumulative release was examined as well. RESULTS The most eluted substances were HEMA, TEGDMA, and BPA, while the less eluted were Bis-GMA and UDMA. Organic solvents caused significantly higher release of substances than water-based ones. A statistically significant inverse correlation between the release of molecules and their molecular mass was observed. A statistically significant positive correlation between the amount of released molecule and the specimen surface area was detected, as well as a weak positive correlation between the release and the specimen volume. CONCLUSIONS Type of solvent, molecular mass of eluates, and specimen surface and volume affect substances release from materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It could be advisable to rely on materials based on monomers with a reduced elution tendency for clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Angelis
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Nela Sarteur
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Buonvivere
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Vadini
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michal Šteffl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Camillo D'Arcangelo
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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6
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Kanjevac T, Taso E, Stefanovic V, Petkovic-Curcin A, Supic G, Markovic D, Djukic M, Djuran B, Vojvodic D, Sculean A, Rakic M. Estimating the Effects of Dental Caries and Its Restorative Treatment on Periodontal Inflammatory and Oxidative Status: A Short Controlled Longitudinal Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716359. [PMID: 34603290 PMCID: PMC8479168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries and periodontitis are among the most common health conditions that are currently recognized as growing socio-economic problems relating to their increasing prevalence, negative socio-economic impact, and harmful effects on systemic health. So far, the exact effects of caries and standard restorative materials on periodontal inflammatory and oxidative status are not established. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of caries and its restoration using standard temporary and permanent filling materials on a panel of 16 inflammatory and oxidative markers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontally healthy individuals, 7 (D7) and 30 (D30) days post-restoration, while the intact teeth represented the control. One hundred ninety systemically and periodontally healthy patients with occlusal caries underwent standard cavity preparation and restorations with one of six standard temporary or permanent restorative material according to indication and randomization scheme. Interleukin (IL)-2, IFN- γ, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-13, IL-9, IL-10, IL-6, IL-5, IL-4, IL-22, TNF-α, IL1- β, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide dismutase, and reduced form of glutathione were measured in GCF samples by flowcytometry and spectrophotometry in aid of commercial diagnostic assays. Caries affected teeth exhibited significantly increased IL-1 β, IL-17, IL-22, and TBARS and decreased IL-9 concentrations compared to healthy controls. Treatment generally resulted in an increased antioxidant capacity with exception of zinc-polycarboxylate cement showing distinctive inflammatory pattern. Comparison of inflammatory and oxidative profiles in temporary and permanent restorations showed material-specific patterning which was particularly expressed in temporary materials plausibly related to greater caries extension. Caries affected teeth exhibited a balanced inflammatory pattern in GCF, with a general tendency of homeostatic re-establishment following treatment. Restorative materials did not provide specific pathological effects, although some material groups did exhibit significantly elevated levels of inflammatory and oxidative markers compared to healthy controls, while the material-specific patterning was observed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Kanjevac
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ervin Taso
- Clinic for Stomatology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Gordana Supic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Markovic
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Djukic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boris Djuran
- Clinic for Stomatology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anton Sculean
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mia Rakic
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Composite Resins on Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185225. [PMID: 34576450 PMCID: PMC8468467 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of five commercially available dental composite resins (CRs), investigating the effect of their quantifiable bisphenol-A-glycidyl-methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and/or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) release. Experiments were performed using the method of soaking extracts, which were derived from the immersion of the following CRs in the culture medium: Clearfil-Majesty-ES-2, GrandioSO, and Enamel-plus-HRi (Bis-GMA-based); Enamel-BioFunction and VenusDiamond (Bis-GMA-free). Human Gingival Fibroblasts (hGDFs) were employed as the cellular model to mimic in vitro the oral cavity milieu, where CRs simultaneously release various components. Cell metabolic activity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity were used as cellular outcomes. Results showed that only VenusDiamond and Enamel-plus-HRi significantly affected the hGDF cell metabolic activity. In accordance with this, although no CR-derived extract induced a significantly detectable oxidative stress, only VenusDiamond and Enamel-plus-HRi induced significant genotoxicity. Our findings showed, for the CRs employed, a cytotoxic and genotoxic potential that did not seem to depend only on the actual Bis-GMA or TEGDMA content. Enamel-BioFunction appeared optimal in terms of cytotoxicity, and similar findings were observed for Clearfil-Majesty-ES-2 despite their different Bis-GMA/TEGDMA release patterns. This suggested that simply excluding one specific monomer from the CR formulation might not steadily turn out as a successful approach for improving their biocompatibility.
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Reidelbach C, Garcia-Käufer M, Wingert N, Arif A, Vach K, Hellwig E, Gminski R, Polydorou O. Cytotoxicity and estrogenicity in simulated dental wastewater after grinding of resin-based materials. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1486-1497. [PMID: 34376295 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the cytotoxic and estrogenic effects of dust and eluates released into simulated wastewater after grinding of dental resin-based materials. METHODS Four materials were used: ceram.x® universal, Filtek™ Supreme XTE, Lava™ Ultimate and Core-X™ flow. From each composite material, samples (5 × 2 mm, n = 50) were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. Lava™ Ultimate was used as blocks. All samples were ground to dust with a diamond bur (106 μm) and suspended in distilled water at 60 mg/mL. After storage for 72 h, the suspensions were separated into a soluble (eluate) and a particulate (dust) fraction. Eluates and dusts were evaluated for inhibition of Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence and cytotoxicity on human A549 lung cells (WST-1-Assay). The estrogenic activity was assessed by YES-Assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Additionally, dental monomers (BisGMA, BisEMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, HEMA) and Bisphenol A were investigated. RESULTS All eluates showed inhibition of V. fischeri bioluminescence at concentrations above 1.1 mg/mL (p < 0.05). The activity of the eluates of ceram.x® universal and Filtek™ Supreme XTE was significantly higher than Lava™ Ultimate and Core-X™ flow (p < 0.05). In the WST-1-Assay, all materials induced cytotoxic effects at concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were detected among them. The tested materials revealed no estrogenic activity. All dental monomers and Bisphenol A showed concentration dependent cytotoxic effects (p < 0.05), whereas only Bisphenol A induced an estrogenic effect (p < 0.01). SIGNIFICANCE Dust and eluates of resin-based dental materials released into wastewater exert bactericidal and cytotoxic effects in vitro. However, they reveal no estrogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Reidelbach
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - M Garcia-Käufer
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - N Wingert
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Arif
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Gminski
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Polydorou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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9
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An Oral-mucosa-on-a-chip sensitively evaluates cell responses to dental monomers. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:7. [PMID: 33426594 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of human gingival cell responses to dental monomers is critical for the development of new dental materials. Testing standards have been developed to provide guidelines to evaluate biological functionality of dental materials and devices. However, one shortcoming of the traditional testing platforms is that they do not recapitulate the multi-layered configuration of gingiva, and thus cannot evaluate the layer-specific cellular responses. An oral mucosa-chip with two cell layers was previously developed as an alternative platform to assess the oral mucosa responses to dental biomaterials. The mucosa-chip consists of an apical keratinocyte layer attached to a fibroblast-embedded collagen hydrogel through interconnecting pores in a three-microchannel network. Here, cell responses in the mucosa-chip were evaluated against 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), a common monomer used in restorative and aesthetic dentistry. The response of mucosal cell viability was evaluated by exposing the chip to HEMA of concentrations ranging from 1.56 to 25 mM and compared to cells in conventional well-plate monoculture. The co-cultured cells were then stained and imaged with epifluorescence and confocal microscopy to determine the layer-specific responses to the treatment. Mucosa-chips were demonstrated to be more sensitive to assess HEMA-altered cell viability than well-plate cultures, especially at lower doses (1.56 and 6.25 mM). The findings suggest that the mucosa-chip is a promising alternative to traditional platforms or assays to test a variety of biomaterials by offering a multi-layered tissue geometry, accessible layer-specific information, and higher sensitivity in detecting cellular responses.
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10
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Alizadehgharib S, Östberg AK, Dahlstrand Rudin A, Dahlgren U, Christenson K. Immunological response of human leucocytes after exposure to lipopolysaccharides from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 7:531-538. [PMID: 33377284 PMCID: PMC8404501 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a gram-negative bacterium and an important etiologic agent of periodontitis. P. gingivalis releases outer membrane vesicles containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can penetrate periodontal tissues. Once in the periodontal tissues and in contact with immune cells, it may participate in the destructive innate host response associated with the disease. The exact mechanism of P. gingivalis LPS in the disease process is not clear, but it is known to affect a variety of immune responses. OBJECTIVES To investigate how LPS from P. gingivalis affect neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, cell death and production of cytokines from human neutrophils and peripheral mononuclear blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated neutrophils and PBMCs were cultured with LPS from P. gingivalis or Escherichia coli (E. coli) (control). The NET formation was measured using Sytox green stain. Cell death of neutrophils and PBMCs was analyzed using flow cytometry or Sytox green stain. Cytokine production was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit or Bio-Plex assay. RESULTS Exposure to LPS from P. gingivalis and E. coli caused significantly lower cell death in neutrophils. NETs were formed after exposure to the two different LPS. In PBMCs, exposure to P. gingivalis and E. coli LPS caused increased levels of IL-1β and IL-6 compared to unstimulated controls. Increased cell death in PBMCs after exposure to LPS from E. coli in comparison to LPS from P. gingivalis and unstimulated controls was also observed. CONCLUSIONS LPS from P. gingivalis has the ability to affect both human neutrophils and PBMCs with regard to cytokine production, cell death and production of NETs. LPS from P. gingivalis could be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and our results may contribute information regarding possible markers for diagnosis and targets for treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alizadehgharib
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Östberg
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes Dahlstrand Rudin
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dahlgren
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Schweikl H, Birke M, Gallorini M, Petzel C, Bolay C, Waha C, Hiller KA, Buchalla W. HEMA-induced oxidative stress inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation and TNF release from LTA- and LPS-stimulated immunocompetent cells. Dent Mater 2020; 37:175-190. [PMID: 33303231 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The release of inflammatory cytokines from antigen-stimulated cells of the immune system is inhibited by resin monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Although the formation of oxidative stress in cells exposed to HEMA is firmly established, the mechanism behind the inhibited cytokine secretion is only partly known. The present investigation presents evidence regarding the role of HEMA-induced oxidative stress in the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα from cells exposed to the antigens LTA (lipoteichoic acid) or LPS (lipopolysaccharide) of cariogenic microorganisms using BSO (L-buthionine sulfoximine) or NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) to inhibit or stabilize the amounts of the antioxidant glutathione. METHOD RAW264.7 mouse macrophages were treated with LTA, LPS or HEMA in the presence of BSO or NAC for 1h or 24h. Secretion of TNFα from cell cultures was analyzed by ELISA, and the formation of reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen species (RNS) was determined by flow cytometry. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The release of TNFα in both LTA- and LPS-exposed cells was decreased by HEMA, and this concentration-dependent inhibitory effect was amplified by BSO or NAC. LTA- and LPS-stimulated expression of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-αB (p65) in cell nuclei decreased in the presence of HEMA because the translocation of p65 from the cytosol was prevented by oxidative stress specifically increased by the monomer. CONCLUSIONS A disturbance of the cellular redox balance, particularly induced by HEMA, is a crucial factor in the inhibition of LTA- and LPS-stimulated signalling pathways leading to TNFα secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schweikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Margaritha Birke
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Christine Petzel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carola Bolay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Pagano S, Lombardo G, Costanzi E, Balloni S, Bruscoli S, Flamini S, Coniglio M, Valenti C, Cianetti S, Marinucci L. Morpho-functional effects of different universal dental adhesives on human gingival fibroblasts: an in vitro study. Odontology 2020; 109:524-539. [PMID: 33211211 PMCID: PMC7954759 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the effects of four universal adhesives (Optibond Solo Plus—OB, Universal Bond—UB, Prime&Bond Active—PBA, FuturaBond M + —FB) on human gingival fibroblasts in terms of cytotoxicity, morphology and function. After in vitro exposure for up to 48 h, fibroblast viability was determined by the MTT assay determined, morphology by phase-contrast microscopy and migration by the scratch wound assay. Expression levels of IL1β, IL6, IL8, IL10, TNFα and VEGF genes were assessed by RT-PCR and their protein production by Western blot analysis. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. OB and UB induced early morphological changes on fibroblasts (3 h) with extended cell death at 24 h/48 h. Gene expression of collagen type I and fibronectin increased fivefold compared with controls, elastin disappeared and elastase increased threefold, indicating gingival tissue tended to become fibrotic. Only UB and OB increased gene expression of inflammatory markers: IL1β at 3 and 48 h (up to about three times), IL6 and IL8 at 3 h (up to almost four times) which corresponded to the increase of the activated form NF-kB. All adhesives showed an effect on the functionality of fibroblasts with cytotoxic effect time and concentration dependent. Among all the OB and UB adhesives, they showed the greatest cell damage. The in-depth analysis of the effects of universal adhesives and possible functional effects represents an important information for the clinician towards choosing the most suitable adhesive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Lombardo
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Egidia Costanzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Balloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Flamini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Coniglio
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Valenti
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianetti
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
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Alizadehgharib S, Östberg AK, Dahlstrand Rudin A, Dahlgren U, Christenson K. The effects of the dental methacrylates TEGDMA, Bis-GMA, and UDMA on neutrophils in vitro. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:439-447. [PMID: 32543782 PMCID: PMC7453771 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The prevalent usage of methacrylates in modern dentistry demands good knowledge of their biological impacts. While there have been several studies demonstrating the effects of different methacrylic monomers on mononuclear white blood cells, very little is known about the effects caused by these monomers on neutrophilic granulocytes. The objective of this study was to add novel knowledge about how neutrophils are affected by exposure to triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (Bis‐GMA) alone or in combinations. Materials and Methods Isolated neutrophils were cultured in the presence or absence of methacrylates. The IL‐8 release was measured using a DuoSet ELISA development kit. Apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was investigated using Sytox green DNA staining combined with microscopically examination of released DNA and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Results The release of IL‐8 was significantly increased after exposure to TEGDMA, Bis‐GMA, UDMA, or TEGDMA in combination with Bis‐GMA or UDMA compared to the unstimulated controls. Exposure to TEGDMA, UDMA, and Bis‐GMA for 24 hr separately or in combination did not affect apoptosis or necrosis of the exposed neutrophils. NET structures were formed by neutrophils after exposure to the different combinations of the methacrylates. Conclusion The combination of TEGDMA and Bis‐GMA had a synergistic proinflammatory effect on neutrophils by increasing the release of IL‐8 and the formation of NET structures. The changes in the normal functions of neutrophils caused by methacrylate exposure may lead to altered inflammatory response and relate to previously reported adverse immune reactions caused by these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alizadehgharib
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Karin Östberg
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes Dahlstrand Rudin
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dahlgren
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Phoenixin-20 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in dental pulp cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 318:108971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Taso E, Stefanovic V, Gaudin A, Grujic J, Maldonado E, Petkovic-Curcin A, Vojvodic D, Sculean A, Rakic M. Effect of dental caries on periodontal inflammatory status: A split-mouth study. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104620. [PMID: 31791000 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This controlled split-mouth study aimed to estimate the effect of caries and related treatment on concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-13, IL-10, IL-6, IL-5, IL-4, IL-22, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL1-β in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of caries affected teeth before (B), 7 (7D) and 30 (30D) days post-treatment and to compare them with concentrations from healthy teeth. DESIGN Study population included 81 systemically and periodontally healthy non-smokers exhibiting at least one shallow occlusal/ inter-proximal caries and one healthy tooth from the same morphologic group at the contralateral position. Following clinical exam, the GCF samples were collected baseline as well as 7D and 30D, while the biomarker measurement was performed using multiplex flowcytometry. RESULTS Caries affected teeth exhibited significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 when compared to healthy teeth. Post-treatment cytokines levels showed general trend of increase when compared to baseline, that was significant for IL-22 and IL-17 at 7D, while IFN-γ was significantly increased at 7D compared to the healthy teeth. At 30D, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-4 levels were significantly increased when compared to healthy teeth, while IL-2 levels were significantly higher than baseline levels. CONCLUSION Considering significantly increased periodontal levels of inflammatory markers in caries affected teeth and in response to performed treatment, it seems that dental caries and related restorative treatment might contribute to periodontal inflammation via additive effects already in early-stage caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervin Taso
- Clinic for Stomatology, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Stefanovic
- Clinic for Stomatology, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alexis Gaudin
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; Inserm, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton Research, RMeS, CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 1 Place Alexis-Ricordeau, Nantes, France
| | - Jovan Grujic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Estela Maldonado
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Petkovic-Curcin
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anton Sculean
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mia Rakic
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Ribeiro APD, Sacono NT, Soares DG, Bordini EAF, de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J. Human pulp response to conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements applied in very deep cavities. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1739-1748. [PMID: 31372829 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the human pulp response after adhesive restoration of cavities by indirect pulp capping with a conventional or a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Deep cavities prepared in 26 human premolars were lined with Riva Light Cure (Riva LC), Riva Self Cure (Riva SC), or Dycal, and then restored with composite resin. Four teeth were used as intact control. After time intervals of 7 or 30 days, the teeth were extracted, processed for histological evaluation of the pulp, and the remaining dentin thickness (RDT) between the cavity floor and the pulp was measured. RESULTS At 7 days, a slight pulp inflammation associated with discrete tissue disorganization was observed in most of t the teeth lined with Riva LC and Riva SC. Moderate pulp inflammation occurred in one tooth lined with Riva LC. Bacteria were identified in one specimen of the same group that exhibited no pulp damage. At 30 days, slight pulp inflammation and discrete tissue disorganization persisted in two specimens treated with Riva LC, in which a thin layer of tertiary dentin was deposited. Mean RDTs ranged from 383.0 to 447.8 μm. CONCLUSIONS Riva LC produced more damage to the pulp than Riva SC. However, the initial pulp damage decreased over time and after 30 days both GICs were labeled as biocompatible. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study conducted with human teeth, the conventional and the resin-modified glass ionomer cements investigated were shown not to cause post-operative sensitivity or persistent pulp damage when applied as liners in very deep cavities, thereby indicating their biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Dias Ribeiro
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, 100405, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA
| | - Nancy Tomoko Sacono
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Unip - Universidade Paulista, Goiania Goias, Brazil, Br 153 Highway, Km 503, area 1-5, s/n - Fazenda Botafogo, Goiania, GO, 74845-090, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo University - USP, Octavio Pinheiro Brizola, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Rua Humaita 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Rua Humaita 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Rua Humaita 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil.
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Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation as a Bridge to Understand Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092293. [PMID: 31075861 PMCID: PMC6539529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of experimental evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key pathological event triggering and perpetuating the neurodegenerative process associated with many neurological diseases. Therefore, different stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are used to model neuroinflammation associated with neurodegeneration. By acting at its receptors, LPS activates various intracellular molecules, which alter the expression of a plethora of inflammatory mediators. These factors, in turn, initiate or contribute to the development of neurodegenerative processes. Therefore, LPS is an important tool for the study of neuroinflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases. However, the serotype, route of administration, and number of injections of this toxin induce varied pathological responses. Thus, here, we review the use of LPS in various models of neurodegeneration as well as discuss the neuroinflammatory mechanisms induced by this toxin that could underpin the pathological events linked to the neurodegenerative process.
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Murakami Y, Kawata A, Suzuki S, Fujisawa S. Cytotoxicity and Pro-/Anti-inflammatory Properties of Cinnamates, Acrylates and Methacrylates Against RAW264.7 Cells. In Vivo 2019; 32:1309-1322. [PMID: 30348683 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease linked to various systemic age-related conditions. It is known that α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds such as dietary cinnamates (β-phenyl acrylates) and related (meth)acrylates can have various positive and negative health effects, including cytotoxicity, allergic activity, pro-and anti-inflammatory activity, and anticancer activity. To clarify the anti-inflammatory properties of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds without a phenolic group in the context of periodontal tissue inflammation and alveolar bone loss, we investigated the cytotoxicity and up-regulatory/down-regulatory effect of three trans-cinnamates (trans-cinnamic acid, methyl cinnamate, trans-cinnamaldehyde), two acrylates (ethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate), and three methacrylates (methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) using RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity was determined using a cell counting kit (CCK-8) and mRNA expression was determined using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed in terms of expression of mRNAs for cyclo-oxygenase-2 (Cox2), nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfa) and heme oxygenase 1 (Ho1). RESULTS The most cytotoxic compound was 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, followed by ethyl acrylate and cinnamaldehyde (50% lethal cytotoxic concentration, LC50=0.2-0.5 mM). Cox2 mRNA expression was up-regulated by cinnamaldehyde and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, particularly by the former. In contrast, the up-regulatory effect on Nos2 mRNA expression was in the order: cinnamaldehyde >> ethyl acrylate ≈ triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate >> methyl methacrylate ≈ methyl cinnamate. On the other hand, cinnamic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate had no effect on gene expression. The two acrylates, but not cinnamates and methacrylates, up-regulated the expression of Ho1 mRNA at a non-cytotoxic concentration of 0.1 mM. Expression of Cox2, Nos2 and Tnfa mRNAs induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide was greatly suppressed by cinnamaldehyde, methyl cinnamate and the two acrylates at 0.1 mM (p<0.05), and slightly, but significantly suppressed by cinnamic acid and methacrylates at 0.1-1 mM (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Cinnamaldehyde and acrylates exhibited both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties, possibly due to their marked ability to act as Michael reaction acceptors, as estimated from the beta-carbon 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Methyl cinnamate exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity with less cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory activity, suggesting that this compound may be useful for treatment of periodontal disease and related systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Murakami
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kawata
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Seiji Suzuki
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisawa
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
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Becher R, Valen H, Olderbø BP, Bølling AK, Samuelsen JT. The dental monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) causes transcriptionally regulated adaptation partially initiated by electrophilic stress. Dent Mater 2019; 35:125-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Gu C, Hu Q, Wu J, Mu C, Ren H, Liu CF, Wang G. P7C3 Inhibits LPS-Induced Microglial Activation to Protect Dopaminergic Neurons Against Inflammatory Factor-Induced Cell Death in vitro and in vivo. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:400. [PMID: 30455635 PMCID: PMC6230654 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Although its pathogenesis remains unclear, growing evidencce suggests that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation contributes greatly to the progression of PD. P7C3, an aminopropyl carbazole, possesses significant neuroprotective effects in several neurodegenerative disease animal models, including PD. In this study, we designed to investigate the effects of P7C3 on neuroinflammation. We showed that P7C3 specially suppressed the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory factors but not influenced the anti-inflammatory factors in microglia. The inhibition of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway was involved in the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects by P7C3. LPS-induced activation of IκB kinase (IKK), degradation of the inhibitory κB alpha (IκBα) and nuclear translocation of NF-κB can be attenuated by the pretreatment of P7C3 in microglia. Furthermore, in LPS-treated microglia, P7C3-pretreatment decreased the toxicity of conditioned media to MES23.5 cells (a dopaminergic (DA) cell line). Most importantly, the anti-inflammatory effects of P7C3 were observed in LPS-stimulated mouse model. In general, our study demonstrates that P7C3 inhibits LPS-induced microglial activation through repressing the NF-κB pathway both in vivo and in vitro, providing a theoretical basis for P7C3 in anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingsong Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- The Key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Cytotoxic and biological effects of bulk fill composites on rat cortical neuron cells. Odontology 2018; 106:377-388. [PMID: 29594827 PMCID: PMC6153994 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate potential cellular responses and biological effects of new generation dental composites on cortical neuron cells in two different exposure times. The study group included five different bulk-fill flow able composites; Surefil SDR Flow, X-tra Base Flow, Venus Bulk Flow, Filtek Bulk Flow and Tetric-Evo Flow. They were filled in Teflon molds (Height: 4 mm, Width: 6 mm) and irradiated for 20 s. Cortical neuron cells were inoculated into 24-well plates. After 80% of the wells were coated, the 3 µm membrane was inserted and dental filling materials were added. The experiment was continued for 24 and 72 h. Cell viability measured by MTT assay test, total antioxidant and total oxidant status were examined using real assay diagnostic kits. The patterns of cell death (apoptosis) were analyzed using annexin V-FITC staining with flow cytometry. Β-defensins were quantitatively assessed by RT-PCR. IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 cytokines were measured from the supernatants. All composites significantly affected analyses parameters during the exposure durations. Our data provide evidence that all dental materials tested are cytotoxic in acute phase and these effects are induced cellular death after different exposure periods. Significant cytotoxicity was detected in TE, XB, SS, FBF and VBF groups at 24 and 72 h, respectively.
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Jerg A, Schulz S, Tomakidi P, Hellwig E, Polydorou O. Modulation of gingival cell response towards dental composites. Dent Mater 2018; 34:412-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Fernandes AMM, Vilela PGF, Valera MC, Bolay C, Hiller KA, Schweikl H, Schmalz G. Effect of bleaching agent extracts on murine macrophages. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1771-1781. [PMID: 29196947 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and the influence of bleaching agents on immunologically cell surface antigens of murine macrophages in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to bleaching gel extracts (40% hydrogen peroxide or 20% carbamide peroxide) and different H2O2 concentrations after 1 and 24-h exposure periods and 1-h exposure and 23-h recovery. Tests were performed with and without N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The expression of surface markers CD14, CD40, and CD54 with and without LPS stimulation was detected by flow cytometry, while the production of TNF-α was measured by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Extracts of bleaching agents were cytotoxic for cells after a 1-h exposure; cells could not recover after 24 h. This effect can be mitigated by the antioxidant NAC and increased by BSO, an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. LPS stimulated expression of all surface markers and TNF-α production. Exposure to bleaching agent extracts and H2O2 leads to a reduction of TNF-α, CD14, and CD40 expression, while the expression of CD54 was upregulated at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Whereas NAC reduced this effect, it was increased in the presence of BSO. CONCLUSIONS Extracts of bleaching agents were irreversibly cytotoxic to macrophages after a 1-h exposure. Only the expression of CD54 was upregulated. The reactions are mediated by the non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The addition of an antioxidant can downregulate unfavorable effects of dental bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aletéia M M Fernandes
- Department of Health Sciences, Endodontics Division, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences, Anatomy and Pathology Division, Anhanguera University, Vergueiro, 235/249-Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01504-000, Brazil
| | - Polyana G F Vilela
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Microbiology Division, São José dos Campos Dental School, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777-Jardim Sao Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São José dos Campos Dental School, State University of São Paulo UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777-Jardim Sao Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Carola Bolay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Schweikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. .,Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Alizadehgharib S, Östberg A, Dahlgren U. Effects of the methacrylate/acrylate monomers HEMA, TEGDMA, DEGDA, and EMA on the immune system. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:227-234. [PMID: 29744206 PMCID: PMC5839251 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete curing of dental fillings may lead to leakage of methacrylate/acrylate monomers, which may come in contact with different cells of the immune system in oral tissues. Very little is known about the different immunologic effects caused by these methacrylates/acrylates. The objective of the present study was to study if and how the methacrylate/acrylate monomers ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA) affect the immune system in vivo and in vitro in comparison to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to the different monomers (500 and 1000 μM) for 24 hr in vitro. BioPlex Pro™ assays were used for cytokine analysis. In vivo, BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously at the base of the tail with HEMA, TEGDMA, EMA, or DEGDA in combination with ovalbumin (OVA) in order to study adjuvant properties of the 4 monomers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to DEGDA had viability less than 50% of the cells. A pattern was observed where the levels of most cytokines were elevated after exposure to HEMA or TEGDMA. Since that, many cells died after DEGDA-exposure, the only observed cytokine secretion was a significantly increased production of interleukin-18. In the in vivo experiments, all mice immunized with DEGDA died after the booster injection. Mice receiving OVA in combination with HEMA, TEGDMA, or EMA developed a higher immunoglobulin G anti-OVA antibody levels compared to the group immunized with OVA alone. We could not demonstrate any significant difference in antibody levels among the mice receiving the various methacrylate/acrylate monomers. The different monomers affected the production, increase and decrease, of different cytokines in vitro but resulted also in vivo in increased antibody production and T-cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alizadehgharib
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of OdontologyPO Box 450, SE‐405 30GothenburgSweden
| | - Anna‐Karin Östberg
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of OdontologyPO Box 450, SE‐405 30GothenburgSweden
| | - Ulf Dahlgren
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of OdontologyPO Box 450, SE‐405 30GothenburgSweden
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Han F, Xiao Q, Peng S, Che X, Jiang L, Shao Q, He B. Atorvastatin ameliorates LPS‐induced inflammatory response by autophagy via AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1604-1615. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Department of CardiologyRen‐Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qing‐Qing Xiao
- Department of CardiologyRen‐Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shi Peng
- Department of CardiologyRen‐Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xin‐Yu Che
- Department of CardiologyRen‐Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐Sheng Jiang
- Department of CardiologyRen‐Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Shao
- Department of CardiologyRen‐Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ben He
- Department of CardiologyRen‐Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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26
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Khorasani MMY, Andam-Shahsavari P, Zainodini N, Khoramdelazad H, Nosratabadi R. Association of S100 calcium-binding protein A12, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, and nuclear factor-κB expression with inflammation in pulp tissues from tooth caries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 9. [PMID: 28834384 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM S100 calcium-binding protein A1 (S100A12) is a pro-inflammatory molecule which is secreted during inflammation and induces chemotaxis and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines via interaction with receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and subsequent, activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). The present study was designed to determine the expression levels of S100A12, RAGE, and NF-κB in the inflamed pulp of carried teeth. METHODS In the present study, mRNA from 50 inflamed pulp and 50 healthy pulp were used for expression studies using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of S100A12, RAGE, and NF-κB were compared between inflamed and healthy tissues. RESULTS The results revealed that the expression of S100A12, but not of RAGE or NF-κB, was significantly decreased in inflamed pulp when compared to healthy pulp. mRNA levels of RAGE were also increased in the inflamed pulp taken from men when compared with women. CONCLUSION The results suggest that S100A12 does not participate in the induction of inflammation in dental pulp. However, RAGE can participate in the inflammation in the pulp of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Y Khorasani
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Pouria Andam-Shahsavari
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nahid Zainodini
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khoramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Nosratabadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Mahmoudi J, Sabermarouf B, Baradaran B, Sadat-Hatamnezhad L, Shotorbani SS. Up-regulation of TLR2 and TLR4 in high mobility group Box1-stimulated macrophages in pulpitis patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:209-215. [PMID: 28293399 PMCID: PMC5339663 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): High Mobility Group Box1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone, DNA-binding protein that serves a crucial role in regulating gene transcription and is involved in a variety of proinflammatory, extracellular activities. The aim of this study was to explore whether HMGB1 stimulation can up-regulate the expression of Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) on macrophages from pulpitis and to clarify the subsequent events involving Th17 cells and Th17 cell-associated cytokine changes. Materials and Methods: Having prepared dental pulp tissues of pulpitis and healthy controls, macrophage were isolated and cultured. Macrophages were thereafter stimulated by HMGB1 time course. RT-QPCR, flowcytometer, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and ELISA techniques were used in the present research. Results: Our results showed that the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on macrophages stimulated with HMGB1 increased in pulpitis compared with controls (macrophages without HMGB1 stimulation) with a statistical significance (P<0.001). In addition, the levels of IL-17, IL-23, and IL-6 in supernatants from cultured macrophages stimulated with HMGB1 from pulpitis increased, and NF-kB, the downstream target of TLR2 and TLR4, also showed a marked elevation after macrophages’ stimulation by HMGB1. Conclusion: The evidence from the present study suggests that the enhanced TLR2 and TLR4 pathways and Th17 cell polarization may be due to HMGB1 stimulation in pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Sabermarouf
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Longo DL, Paula-Silva FWG, Faccioli LH, Gatón-Hernández PM, Queiroz AMD, Silva LABD. Cytotoxicity and cytokine expression induced by silorane and methacrylate-based composite resins. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:338-43. [PMID: 27556204 PMCID: PMC4990362 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and cytokine production induced by light-cured or non-light-cured methacrylate-based and silorane composite resins in RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cells were stimulated with the extracts from light-cured or non-light-cured composite resins. After incubation for 24 h, cytotoxicity was assessed with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays, and total protein was quantified using the Lowry method. TNF-α detection was examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) conducted with cell supernatants after cell stimulation for 6, 12, and 24 h. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). RESULTS KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic with or without light curing (p<0.05) after 24 h of incubation. KaloreTM stimulated the early production of TNF-α in comparison with control (p<0.05), whereas FiltekTM Silorane did not affect TNF-α levels after 6 and 12 h (p>0.05). However, after 24 h FiltekTM Silorane inhibited the production of TNF-α (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic regardless of light curing. The extract obtained from KaloreTM after 15 days of incubation stimulated the production of TNF-α, unlike that obtained from FiltekTM Silorane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lucca Longo
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Lucia Helena Faccioli
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Maria Gatón-Hernández
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat d'Odontologia, Department d'Odontopediatria, Barcelona, España
| | - Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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29
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Gölz L, Simonis RA, Reichelt J, Stark H, Frentzen M, Allam JP, Probstmeier R, Winter J, Kraus D. In vitro biocompatibility of ICON(®) and TEGDMA on human dental pulp stem cells. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1052-64. [PMID: 27323651 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resin infiltrants have been successfully used in dental medicine preventing the progression of tooth decay in an early phase of caries development. ICON(®) is an infiltrant of low-viscosity which penetrates via dentinal tubules into the lesion in dependence of the demineralization depth. Hence, we performed an in vitro study to determine the effect of ICON(®) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS Using explant technique, primary hDPSCs were collected from extracted teeth. Characterization and isolation were performed with typical mesenchymal stem cell markers (Stro-1, CD73, CD90, CD105) and hDPSCs differentiation was validated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. HDPSCs were stimulated with light-cured ICON(®) (lc) and non-light-cured ICON(®) (nc) conditioned media as well as different TEGDMA concentrations followed by the analysis of cytotoxicity, pro- and anti-inflammatory responses and differentiation using XTT assay, RT-PCR and ELISAs, respectively. RESULTS Initial analysis demonstrated that hDPSCs express characteristic mesenchymal stem cell markers and differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Notably, ICON(®) nc dramatically reduced cell viability (up to 98.9% after 48h), whereas ICON(®) lc showed only a modest cytotoxicity (10%). Data were in line with cytokine expression demonstrating increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as decreased IL-10 after ICON(®) nc exposure compared to ICON(®) lc. ICON(®) lc caused almost no alterations of DSPP, whereas ICON(®) nc markedly elevated DSPP mRNA levels (130.3-times). A concentration-dependent effect was observed in TEGDMA challenged hDPSCs. SIGNIFICANCE ICON(®) is a successful minimal invasive technique. However, clinicians should strictly follow manufacturer's instructions to prevent adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ruth Andrea Simonis
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Material Sciences, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joana Reichelt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Material Sciences, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helmut Stark
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Material Sciences, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Frentzen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Allam
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Probstmeier
- Neuro- and Tumor Cell Biology Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Winter
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Material Sciences, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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30
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Schmalz G, Widbiller M, Galler KM. Material Tissue Interaction--From Toxicity to Tissue Regeneration. Oper Dent 2015; 41:117-31. [PMID: 26645359 DOI: 10.2341/15-249-bl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The topic of material tissue interaction has gained increasing interest over recent decades from both the dental profession and the public. The primary goal initially was to avoid adverse reactions after the application of dental materials. New laboratory test methods have been developed, and currently premarket testing programs, which attempt to guarantee a basic level of patient safety, are legally required worldwide. The dentist is responsible for selecting the correct indication as well as the proper handling of any newly emerging risk. Apart from this phenomenon-oriented "inert materials concept," the "analytical concept" focuses primarily on analyzing the reasons for adverse reactions, and identifying their associated modifying factors, in order to prevent them or to develop new and more biocompatible materials. The "concept of bioactivity" involves addressing the possibility of positively influencing tissue by materials application, such as the generation of tertiary dentin or antibacterial effects. Finally, tissue regeneration may be supported and promoted by the use of various suitable materials (matrices/scaffolds) into which stem cells can migrate or be seeded, leading to cell differentiation and the generation of new tissue. These new dental materials must also fulfill additional requirements such as controlled degradability in order to be suitable for clinical use. Clearly, the field of material tissue interaction is complex and comprises a wide range of issues. To be successful as dentists in the future, practitioners should remain informed of these important new developments and have the argumentative competence to both properly advise and treat their patients.
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31
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Teti G, Orsini G, Salvatore V, Focaroli S, Mazzotti MC, Ruggeri A, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Falconi M. HEMA but not TEGDMA induces autophagy in human gingival fibroblasts. Front Physiol 2015; 6:275. [PMID: 26483703 PMCID: PMC4591481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerized resin-based materials are successfully used in restorative dentistry. Despite their growing popularity, one drawback is the release of monomers from the polymerized matrix due to an incomplete polymerization or degradation processes. Released monomers are responsible for several adverse effects in the surrounding biological tissues, inducing high levels of oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species are important signaling molecules that regulate many signal-trasduction pathways and play critical roles in cell survival, death, and immune defenses. Reactive oxygen species were recently shown to activate autophagy as a mechanism of cell survival and cell death. Although the toxicity induced by dental resin monomers is widely studied, the cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena are still unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the behavior of human gingival cells exposed to 2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) to better elucidate the mechanisms of cell survival and cell death induced by resin monomers. Primary culture of human gingival cells were exposed to 3 mmol/L of HEMA or 3 mmol/L of TEGDMA for 24, 48, and 72 h. Morphological investigations were performed by transmission electron microscopy to analyze the ultrastructure of cells exposed to the monomers. The expression of protein markers for apoptosis (caspase – 3 and PARP) and autophagy (beclin – 1 and LC3B I/II) were analyzed by western blot to investigate the influence of dental resin monomers on mechanisms underlying cell death. Results showed that HEMA treatment clearly induced autophagy followed by apoptosis while the lack of any sign of autophagy activation is observed in HGFs exposed to TEGDMA. These data indicate that cells respond to monomer-induced stress by the differential induction of adaptive mechanisms to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Teti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna Italy
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona, Italy
| | - Viviana Salvatore
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna Italy
| | - Stefano Focaroli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna Italy
| | - Maria C Mazzotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna Italy
| | | | - Mirella Falconi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna Italy
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Schulz SD, Rüppell C, Tomakidi P, Steinberg T, Reichl FX, Hellwig E, Polydorou O. Gene expression analysis of conventional and interactive human gingival cell systems exposed to dental composites. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1321-34. [PMID: 26345997 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the detection of putative gene expression-related effects of dental composites in conventional and interactive gingival cell systems. METHODS Conventional monoculture (MC) and interactive cell systems (ICS) comprising human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and immortalized human gingival keratinocytes (IHGK) were exposed for 24h and 7 days according to ISO10993-12:2012 manufactured eluates of different composites (Ceram X(®), Filtek™ Supreme XT, Filtek™ Silorane, Fusio™ Liquid Dentin, and Vertise™ Flow). qRT-PCR-based mRNA analysis for biomarkers indicating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and adhesion was performed. Apoptotic cells were quantified by annexin-V labeling. RESULTS Due to low RNA amounts, qPCR could not be performed for Vertise™ Flow and Fusio™ Liquid Dentin at day 7. At 24h, flowables yielded increased transcription for biomarkers of inflammation and apoptosis in IHGK, irrespective of the cell system. HGF cultures displayed lower transcription for cell adhesion markers in both cell systems. Filtek™ Supreme XT showed increased differentiation by elevated filaggrin gene expression in both cell systems for IHGK at day 7, while Filtek™ Silorane and Ceram X(®) yielded elevation of inflammation biomarkers in both cell types. Annexin-V labeling revealed high apoptosis rates for both flowables and Filtek™ Supreme XT for IHGK, while low rates were detected for Filtek™ Silorane and Ceram X(®). SIGNIFICANCE Among the composites evaluated, exposition of IHGK and HGF in conventional and interactive cell systems demonstrated most pronounced gene expression alterations in response to flowables, coinciding with elevated levels of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Daniel Schulz
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Center of Dental Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Rüppell
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Center of Dental Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Center of Dental Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Center of Dental Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franz-Xaver Reichl
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Center of Dental Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Polydorou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Center of Dental Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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33
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Herrmann JM, Meyle J. Neutrophil activation and periodontal tissue injury. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:111-27. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Epinephrine enhances the response of macrophages under LPS stimulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:254686. [PMID: 25243125 PMCID: PMC4160625 DOI: 10.1155/2014/254686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trauma associated with infection may directly trigger a neuroendocrine reaction in vivo while the hormone epinephrine is known to mediate immune responses to inflammation after injury. However, the role of epinephrine during the earliest stage of trauma still remains unclear. We therefore explored the role of epinephrine on activated macrophages under LPS stimulation in vitro as well as the mechanisms underlying its effect. Dose- and time-dependent effects of epinephrine on macrophage immune function were assessed after LPS activation. We also employed CD14 siRNA interference to investigate whether CD14 played a role in the mechanism underlying the effect of epinephrine on LPS-induced macrophage responses. Our results showed that epinephrine pretreatment (10 ng/mL) significantly promoted immune responses from LPS stimulated macrophages, including phagocytic rate, phagocytic index, TNFα/IL-1β/IL-10 secretion, and CD14 expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, TNFα/IL-1β/IL-10 levels attained their peak value 1 hour after incubation with 10 ng/mL epinephrine (P < 0.05), and CD14 siRNA transfection dramatically decreased phagocytosis and cytokine secretion by LPS-activated macrophages (P < 0.05). We therefore conclude that 10 ng/mL epinephrine enhances immune responses from macrophages under LPS stimulation and that the underlying mechanism may relate to CD14 upregulation on the surface of macrophages.
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Stringer AM, Logan RM. The role of oral flora in the development of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:81-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Stringer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
- School of Medical Sciences; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Richard M. Logan
- School of Dentistry; Faculty of Health Sciences; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
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Krifka S, Spagnuolo G, Schmalz G, Schweikl H. A review of adaptive mechanisms in cell responses towards oxidative stress caused by dental resin monomers. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4555-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bølling AK, Samuelsen JT, Morisbak E, Ansteinsson V, Becher R, Dahl JE, Mathisen GH. Dental monomers inhibit LPS-induced cytokine release from the macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Toxicol Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cataldi A, Zara S, Rapino M, Patruno A, di Giacomo V. Human gingival fibroblasts stress response to HEMA: A role for protein kinase C α. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:378-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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