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Sun W, Yang T, Wang C, Li H, Lei L. Mitochondrial ROS participates in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced pyroptosis in cementoblasts. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30814. [PMID: 38774076 PMCID: PMC11107101 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate correlation between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and Porphyromonas gingivalis in the process of cementoblast pyroptosis. Lactate dehydrogenase activity assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and flow cytometry analysis were utilized to explore whether Porphyromonas gingivalis triggered pyroptosis in cementoblasts. Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were detected using flow cytometry and fluorescence staining. The effect of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species on the Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced pyroptosis of cementoblasts was assessed by Mito-Tempo, mitochondrion-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic. Phosphorylation levels of p65 were measured by western blotting. SC75741, a nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor, was added to block the nuclear factor-kappa B in the Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected cementoblasts. Porphyromonas gingivalis triggered pyroptosis of cementoblasts, and an elevation in reactive oxygen species generation in the mitochondria was observed. Inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species reduced pyroptosis and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway mediated the pyroptotic cell death in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected cementoblasts. Together, our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species increased by Porphyromonas gingivalis participated in the pyroptosis of cementoblasts. Targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species may offer therapeutic strategies for root surface remodeling or periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiman Sun
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianrui Yang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Houxuan Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lang Lei
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Bolamperti S, Villa I, Rubinacci A. Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence. Bone Res 2022; 10:48. [PMID: 35851054 PMCID: PMC9293977 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling replaces old and damaged bone with new bone through a sequence of cellular events occurring on the same surface without any change in bone shape. It was initially thought that the basic multicellular unit (BMU) responsible for bone remodeling consists of osteoclasts and osteoblasts functioning through a hierarchical sequence of events organized into distinct stages. However, recent discoveries have indicated that all bone cells participate in BMU formation by interacting both simultaneously and at different differentiation stages with their progenitors, other cells, and bone matrix constituents. Therefore, bone remodeling is currently considered a physiological outcome of continuous cellular operational processes optimized to confer a survival advantage. Bone remodeling defines the primary activities that BMUs need to perform to renew successfully bone structural units. Hence, this review summarizes the current understanding of bone remodeling and future research directions with the aim of providing a clinically relevant biological background with which to identify targets for therapeutic strategies in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bolamperti
- Osteoporosis and Bone and Mineral Metabolism Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Villa
- Osteoporosis and Bone and Mineral Metabolism Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Osteoporosis and Bone and Mineral Metabolism Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy.
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Gilani SJ, Bin-Jumah MN, Nadeem MS, Kazmi I. Vitamin D attenuates COVID-19 complications via modulation of proinflammatory cytokines, antiviral proteins, and autophagy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:231-241. [PMID: 34112047 PMCID: PMC8477590 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1941871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Global emergence of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has clearly shown variable severity, mortality, and frequency between and within populations worldwide. These striking differences have made many biological variables attractive for future investigations. One of these variables, vitamin D, has been implicated in COVID-19 with rapidly growing scientific evidence. AREAS COVERED The review intended to systematically explore the sources, and immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in COVID-19. Search engines and data sources including Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI, Scopus, and Web of Science were used for data collection. The search terms used were Vitamin D, COVID-19, immune system, and antiviral mechanism. Overall, 232 sources of information were collected and 188 were included in this review. EXPERT OPINION Interaction of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) triggers the cellular events to modulate the immune system by regulation of many genes. Vitamin D operates as a double-edged sword against COVID-19. First, in macrophages, it promotes the production of antimicrobial and antiviral proteins like β-defensin 2 and cathelicidin, and these proteins inhibit the replication of viral particles and promote the clearance of virus from the cells by autophagy. Second, it suppresses cytokine storm and inflammatory processes in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Askarizadeh N, Banijamali S, Irani S, Bakhtiar H. Effect of two different concentrations of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022; 19:4. [PMID: 35308448 PMCID: PMC8927951 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.336689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) can transform into odontoblasts in vitro and in vivo. The role of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25 vitD3) has been reported in the mineralization of hard tissues and teeth, as well as osteoblastic differentiation. This study aimed to assess the effect of different concentrations of 1α,25 vitD3 on odontogenic differentiation of SHEDs. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, second-passage SHEDs were exposed to odontogenic medium along with 0, 10, 50, 100, and 150 nmol concentrations of in 1α, 25 vitD3 to determine its optimal concentration for odontogenic differentiation. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed. Odontogenic differentiation was evaluated by QRT- polymerase chain reaction for dentin matrix protein (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) genes. Morphology of differentiated cells was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, Friedman, and Chi-square test. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: MTT test result showed the two groups of odontogenic medium + 10 nm 1α,25 vitD3 and odontogenic medium + 150 nm 1α,25 vitD3 provided the most suitable conditions for cell viability at 72 h. Expression of both genes significantly increased in the presence of 1α,25 vitD3 (P < 0.001). Expression of both genes was significantly higher at 14 days compared with 7 days (P < 0.01). At both time points, expression of both genes was significantly higher in the presence of 150 nm 1α,25 vitD3 compared with 10 nm (P < 0.01). The accumulation of cells with odontoblastic morphology, cell interactions, and calcifications were evident. Conclusion: 1α,25 vitD3 upregulates DMP1 and DSPP and results in odontogenic differentiation of SHEDs in odontogenic medium. This upregulation increases with time and by an increase in concentration of 1α,25 vitD3.
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Meshkini F, Soltani S, Clark CCT, Tam V, Meyre D, Toupchian O, Saraf-Bank S, Abdollahi S. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of fibroblast growth factor- 23: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 215:106012. [PMID: 34710560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of the effect of vtamin D on serum levels of fibroblast growth factor- 23 (FGF-23) have yeilded an inconsistent findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) sought to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of FGF-23. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched, from database inception to November 2020, for RCTs that evaluated the effects of native or active vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of FGF-23 in adults. Weighted mean difference (WMD) were calculated and random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the overall effects. Twenty-seven trials were included in the meta-analysis. Supplementation with native vitamin D (23 studies, n = 2247 participants; weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.5 pg/mL, 95 % CI: -0.52 to 1.51, P = 0.33; I2 = 29.9 %), and active vitamin D (5 studies, n = 342 participants, WMD = 29.45 pg/mL, 95 % CI: -3.9 to 62.81, P = 0.08; I2 = 99.3%) had no significant effects on serum FGF-23 concentration. In subgroup analyses, supplementation with ergocalciferol (3 studies, n = 205 participants; WMD = 18.27 pg/mL, 95 % CI: 5.36-31.17, P = 0.006), and daily dosing regimens (9 studies, n = 1374 participants; WMD = 0.41 pg/mL, 95 % CI: 0.22 to 0.59, P < 0.001) increased serum FGF-23 levels compared to control. Overall, our findings revealed no significan effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum FGF-23 concentration. However, further high quality, large-scale studies are needed to better elucidate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Meshkini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Vivian Tam
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Omid Toupchian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sahar Saraf-Bank
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
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Beck-Nielsen SS, Mughal Z, Haffner D, Nilsson O, Levtchenko E, Ariceta G, de Lucas Collantes C, Schnabel D, Jandhyala R, Mäkitie O. FGF23 and its role in X-linked hypophosphatemia-related morbidity. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:58. [PMID: 30808384 PMCID: PMC6390548 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is an inherited disease of phosphate metabolism in which inactivating mutations of the Phosphate Regulating Endopeptidase Homolog, X-Linked (PHEX) gene lead to local and systemic effects including impaired growth, rickets, osteomalacia, bone abnormalities, bone pain, spontaneous dental abscesses, hearing difficulties, enthesopathy, osteoarthritis, and muscular dysfunction. Patients with XLH present with elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which is thought to mediate many of the aforementioned manifestations of the disease. Elevated FGF23 has also been observed in many other diseases of hypophosphatemia, and a range of animal models have been developed to study these diseases, yet the role of FGF23 in the pathophysiology of XLH is incompletely understood. Methods The role of FGF23 in the pathophysiology of XLH is here reviewed by describing what is known about phenotypes associated with various PHEX mutations, animal models of XLH, and non-nutritional diseases of hypophosphatemia, and by presenting molecular pathways that have been proposed to contribute to manifestations of XLH. Results The pathophysiology of XLH is complex, involving a range of molecular pathways that variously contribute to different manifestations of the disease. Hypophosphatemia due to elevated FGF23 is the most obvious contributor, however localised fluctuations in tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), pyrophosphate, calcitriol and direct effects of FGF23 have been observed to be associated with certain manifestations. Conclusions By describing what is known about these pathways, this review highlights key areas for future research that would contribute to the understanding and clinical treatment of non-nutritional diseases of hypophosphatemia, particularly XLH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zulf Mughal
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ola Nilsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Gema Ariceta
- Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dirk Schnabel
- University Children's Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Courbebaisse M, Lanske B. Biology of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23: From Physiology to Pathology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:a031260. [PMID: 28778965 PMCID: PMC5932574 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23 is a phosphaturic hormone produced by osteocytes and osteoblasts that binds to FGF receptors in the presence of the transmembrane protein αKlotho. FGF23 mainly targets the renal proximal tubule to inhibit calcitriol production and the expression of the sodium/phosphate cotransporters NaPi2a and NaPi2c, thus inhibiting renal phosphate reabsorption. FGF23 also acts on the parathyroid glands to inhibit parathyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. FGF23 regulation involves many systemic and local factors, among them calcitriol, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone. Increased FGF23 is primarily observed in rare acquired or genetic disorders, but chronic kidney disease is associated with a reactional increase in FGF23 to combat hyperphosphatemia. However, high FGF23 levels induce left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and are associated with an increased risk of mortality. In this review, we describe FGF23 physiology and the pathological consequences of high or low FGF23 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Courbebaisse
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research OMII, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Paris Descartes University, Paris 75006, France
| | - Beate Lanske
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research OMII, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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8
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Interleukin-1β induces human cementoblasts to support osteoclastogenesis. Int J Oral Sci 2017; 9:e5. [PMID: 29235551 PMCID: PMC5729550 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2017.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury of the periodontium followed by inflammatory response often leads to root resorption. Resorption is accomplished by osteoclasts and their generation may depend on an interaction with the cells in direct contact with the root, the cementoblasts. Our study aimed to investigate the role of human cementoblasts in the formation of osteoclasts and the effect of interleukin (IL)-1β hereupon. Extracted teeth from healthy volunteers were subjected to sequential digestion by type I collagenase and trypsin. The effect of enzymatic digestion on the presence of cells on the root surface was analyzed by histology. Gene expression of primary human cementoblasts (pHCB) was compared with a human cementoblast cell line (HCEM). The pHCBs were analyzed for their expression of IL-1 receptors as well as of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). In a co-culture system consisting of osteoclast precursors (blood monocytes) and pHCBs, the formation of osteoclasts and their resorptive activity was assessed by osteo-assay and ivory slices. The cells obtained after a 120 min enzyme digestion expressed the highest level of bone sialoprotein, similar to that of HCEM. This fraction of isolated cells also shared a similar expression pattern of IL-1 receptors (IL1-R1 and IL1-R2). Treatment with IL-1β potently upregulated RANKL expression but not of OPG. pHCBs were shown to induce the formation of functional osteoclasts. This capacity was significantly stimulated by pretreating the pHCBs with IL-1β prior to their co-culture with human blood monocytes. Our study demonstrated that cementoblasts have the capacity to induce osteoclastogenesis, a capacity strongly promoted by IL-1β. These results may explain why osteoclasts can be formed next to the root of teeth. An investigation into the interaction between tooth root cells and an inflammatory protein sheds light on root degradation following injury. Osteoclast cells digest old bone to release nutrients and recycle bone tissues in a vital process called bone resorption. Cementum, the mineral substance covering tooth roots, is not usually resorbed, but injury to the tissues surrounding roots often triggers inflammation followed by root degradation. To understand this phenomenon better, Ruchanee Salingcarnboriboon Ampornaramveth at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand, and co-workers investigated whether cementum cells can promote the formation of osteoclasts. They found that when cementum cells were treated with interleukin 1 beta, an inflammatory protein expressed at high levels in tissues following injury, levels of another protein needed for osteoclast formation increased. This boosted osteoclast formation around roots, resulting in root resorption
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Asadzadeh Manjili F, Bakhshi Aliabad MH, Kalantar SM, Sahebzamani A, Safa A. Molecular and Biochemical Aspects of Hypophosphatemic Rickets; an Updated Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/ijbsm.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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10
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Aghadavod E, Mollaei H, Nouri M, Hamishehkar H. Evaluation of Relationship between Body Mass Index with Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression and Vitamin D Levels of Follicular Fluid in Overweight Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2017; 11:105-111. [PMID: 28670428 PMCID: PMC5347447 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2017.4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder associated with reproductive disorders and metabolic dysfunctions including insulin resistance. The roles of vitamin D in the regulation of metabolic modulations specifically involving insulin and reproduction processing are introduced. In addition, obesity appears to be closely associated with severity of PCOS. The present study is to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on vitamin D levels in follicular fluid and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression levels in granulos cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comparative study was conducted on 80 women with average age of 20-35 years referred for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Patients were divided into four groups, and serum levels of testosterone and insulin resistance (IR) were evaluated at the puncture time. Also, vitamin D levels of follicular fluid were evaluated. VDR gene expression was assayed by quantified-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Correlations were evaluated with calculation of the Spearman coefficient, and also independent relationships were assessed by means of multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Vitamin D levels of follicular fluid decreased in PCOS patients compared with non-PCOS. Also, over-weight individuals had lower vitamin D levels compared with normal-weight patients. Vitamin D levels of follicular fluid were highly correlated with BMI (r=-0.51, P<0.01). Homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) values were significantly higher in women of PCOS/overweight and PCOS/normal weight in comparison with women of non-PCOS/normal weight (P<0.01). The gene expression data of VDR in granulosa cells were significantly lower in the PCOS/overweight group compared with the non-PCOS/normal weight (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The findings indicated significant differences in VDR gene expression in granulosa cells and vitamin D of follicular fluid in PCOS/overweight patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Aghadavod
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Mollaei
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Women Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Nguyen-Yamamoto L, Karaplis AC, St-Arnaud R, Goltzman D. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Regulation by Systemic and Local Osteoblast-Synthesized 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:586-597. [PMID: 27535551 PMCID: PMC5280015 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) increase during the early stages of kidney disease, but the underlying mechanism remains incompletely characterized. We investigated the role of vitamin D metabolites in regulating intact FGF23 production in genetically modified mice without and with adenine-induced uremia. Exogenous calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and high circulating levels of calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D) each increased serum FGF23 levels in wild-type mice and in mice with global deficiency of the Cyp27b1 gene encoding 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1-α-hydroxylase, which produces 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D. Compared with wild-type mice, normal, or uremic mice lacking Cyp27b1 had lower levels of serum FGF23, despite having high concentrations of parathyroid hormone, but administration of exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D increased FGF23 levels. Furthermore, raising serum calcium levels in Cyp27b1-depleted mice directly increased FGF23 levels and indirectly enhanced the action of ambient vitamin D metabolites via the vitamin D receptor. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, 25-hydroxyvitamin D promoted binding of the vitamin D receptor and retinoid X receptor to the promoters of osteoblastic target genes. Conditional osteoblastic deletion of Cyp27b1 caused lower serum FGF23 levels, despite normal circulating levels of vitamin D metabolites. In adenine-induced uremia, only a modest increase in serum FGF23 levels occurred in mice with osteoblastic deletion of Cyp27b1 (12-fold) compared with a large increase (58-fold) in wild-type mice. Therefore, in addition to the direct effect of high circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, local osteoblastic conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D appears to be an important positive regulator of FGF23 production, particularly in uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew C Karaplis
- Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and
| | - Rene St-Arnaud
- Departments of Medicine
- Surgery, and
- Human Genetics, and
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Canada
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Wang L, Hu H, Cheng Y, Chen J, Bao C, Zou S, Wu G. Screening the Expression Changes in MicroRNAs and Their Target Genes in Mature Cementoblasts Stimulated with Cyclic Tensile Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122024. [PMID: 27941605 PMCID: PMC5187824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cementum is a thin layer of cementoblast-produced mineralized tissue covering the root surfaces of teeth. Mechanical forces, which are produced during masticatory activity, play a paramount role in stimulating cementoblastogenesis, which thereby facilitates the maintenance, remodeling and integrity of cementum. However, hitherto, the extent to which a post-transcriptional modulation mechanism is involved in this process has rarely been reported. In this study, a mature murine cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 cells (immortalized osteocalcin positive cementoblasts) was cultured and subjected to cyclic tensile stress (0.5 Hz, 2000 µstrain). We showed that the cyclic tensile stress could not only rearrange the cell alignment, but also influence the proliferation in an S-shaped manner. Furthermore, cyclic tensile stress could significantly promote cementoblastogenesis-related genes, proteins and mineralized nodules. From the miRNA array analyses, we found that 60 and 103 miRNAs were significantly altered 6 and 18 h after the stimulation using cyclic tensile stress, respectively. Based on a literature review and bioinformatics analyses, we found that miR-146b-5p and its target gene Smad4 play an important role in this procedure. The upregulation of miR-146b-5p and downregulation of Smad4 induced by the tensile stress were further confirmed by qRT-PCR. The direct binding of miR-146b-5p to the three prime untranslated region (3' UTR) of Smad4 was established using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Taken together, these results suggest an important involvement of miR-146b-5p and its target gene Smad4 in the cementoblastogenesis of mature cementoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Haikun Hu
- China Dental Implantology Center, West China Dental Implantology Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 75 Xiaotianzhu Street, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ye Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jianwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Zarei A, Morovat A, Javaid K, Brown CP. Vitamin D receptor expression in human bone tissue and dose-dependent activation in resorbing osteoclasts. Bone Res 2016; 4:16030. [PMID: 27785371 PMCID: PMC5057180 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of vitamin D on osteoblast mineralization are well documented. Reports of the effects of vitamin D on osteoclasts, however, are conflicting, showing both inhibition and stimulation. Finding that resorbing osteoclasts in human bone express vitamin D receptor (VDR), we examined their response to different concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] (100 or 500 nmol·L-1) and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] (0.1 or 0.5 nmol·L-1) metabolites in cell cultures. Specifically, CD14+ monocytes were cultured in charcoal-stripped serum in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemical staining assays and dentine resorption analysis were used to identify the size and number of osteoclast cells, number of nuclei per cell and resorption activity. The expression of VDR was detected in human bone tissue (ex vivo) by immunohistochemistry and in vitro cell cultures by western blotting. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the level of expression of vitamin D-related genes in response to vitamin D metabolites. VDR-related genes during osteoclastogenesis, shown by qRT-PCR, was stimulated in response to 500 nmol·L-1 of 25(OH)D3 and 0.1-0.5 nmol·L-1 of 1,25(OH)2D3, upregulating cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 (CYP27B1) and cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1). Osteoclast fusion transcripts transmembrane 7 subfamily member 4 (tm7sf4) and nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 (nfatc1) where downregulated in response to vitamin D metabolites. Osteoclast number and resorption activity were also increased. Both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced osteoclast size and number when co-treated with RANKL and M-CSF. The evidence for VDR expression in resorbing osteoclasts in vivo and low-dose effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on osteoclasts in vitro may therefore provide insight into the effects of clinical vitamin D treatments, further providing a counterpoint to the high-dose effects reported from in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allahdad Zarei
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alireza Morovat
- Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Kassim Javaid
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cameron P Brown
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Amorim BR, Silvério KG, Casati MZ, Sallum EA, Kantovitz KR, Nociti FH. Neuropilin Controls Endothelial Differentiation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells From the Periodontal Ligament. J Periodontol 2016; 87:e138-47. [PMID: 26962679 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal ligament (PDL) has been reported to be a source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).New vascular networks from undifferentiated cells are essential for repair/regeneration of specialized tissues, including PDL. The current study aims to determine potential of CD105(+)-enriched cell subsets of periodontal ligament cells (PDLSCs) to differentiate into endothelial cell (EC)-like cells and to give insights into the mechanism involved. METHODS CD105(+)-enriched PDLSCs were induced to EC differentiation by endothelial growth medium 2 (EGM-2) for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, with mRNA/protein levels and functional activity assessed by: 1) real-time polymerase chain reaction; 2) Western blotting; 3) fluorescence-activated cell sorting; 4) immunohistochemistry; 5) immunofluorescence; 6) matrigel; and 7) small interfering RNA assays. RESULTS Data analyses demonstrated that EGM-2 treated PDLSCs presented increased expression of EC markers, including: 1) CD105; 2) kinase domain-containing receptor; and 3) Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1, and were able to form cord/tube-like structures. Gene and protein expression analysis showed that neuropilin 2 (NRP2), a key factor for vascular development, was significantly downregulated during EC differentiation. NRP2 was constitutively expressed in mouse PDL tissues by immunohistochemistry analysis, and NRP2 knockdown in CD105(+)-enriched PDLSCs resulted in increased cord/tube-like structures in a matrigel assay. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated the potential of CD105(+)-enriched PDLSCs to support angiogenesis, and NRP2 as a pivotal factor regulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R Amorim
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina G Silvério
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Z Casati
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enilson A Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Teske KA, Yu O, Arnold LA. Inhibitors for the Vitamin D Receptor-Coregulator Interaction. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 100:45-82. [PMID: 26827948 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors and is activated by the endogenous ligand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The genomic effects mediated by VDR consist of the activation and repression of gene transcription, which includes the formation of multiprotein complexes with coregulator proteins. Coregulators bind many nuclear receptors and can be categorized according to their role as coactivators (gene activation) or corepressors (gene repression). Herein, different approaches to develop compounds that modulate the interaction between VDR and coregulators are summarized. This includes coregulator peptides that were identified by creating phage display libraries. Subsequent modification of these peptides including the introduction of a tether or nonhydrolyzable bonds resulted in the first direct VDR-coregulator inhibitors. Later, small molecules that inhibit VDR-coregulator inhibitors were identified using rational drug design and high-throughput screening. Early on, allosteric inhibition of VDR-coregulator interactions was achieved with VDR antagonists that change the conformation of VDR and modulate the interactions with coregulators. A detailed discussion of their dual agonist/antagonist effects is given as well as a summary of their biological effects in cell-based assays and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Teske
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Olivia Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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16
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Komarova SV, Safranek L, Gopalakrishnan J, Ou MJY, McKee MD, Murshed M, Rauch F, Zuhr E. Mathematical model for bone mineralization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:51. [PMID: 26347868 PMCID: PMC4544393 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective bone mineralization has serious clinical manifestations, including deformities and fractures, but the regulation of this extracellular process is not fully understood. We have developed a mathematical model consisting of ordinary differential equations that describe collagen maturation, production and degradation of inhibitors, and mineral nucleation and growth. We examined the roles of individual processes in generating normal and abnormal mineralization patterns characterized using two outcome measures: mineralization lag time and degree of mineralization. Model parameters describing the formation of hydroxyapatite mineral on the nucleating centers most potently affected the degree of mineralization, while the parameters describing inhibitor homeostasis most effectively changed the mineralization lag time. Of interest, a parameter describing the rate of matrix maturation emerged as being capable of counter-intuitively increasing both the mineralization lag time and the degree of mineralization. We validated the accuracy of model predictions using known diseases of bone mineralization such as osteogenesis imperfecta and X-linked hypophosphatemia. The model successfully describes the highly nonlinear mineralization dynamics, which includes an initial lag phase when osteoid is present but no mineralization is evident, then fast primary mineralization, followed by secondary mineralization characterized by a continuous slow increase in bone mineral content. The developed model can potentially predict the function for a mutated protein based on the histology of pathologic bone samples from mineralization disorders of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Komarova
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lee Safranek
- Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- The Fariborz Maseeh Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Portland State University Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erica Zuhr
- Department of Mathematics, High Point University High Point, NC, USA
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17
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Wang L, Tran AB, Nociti FH, Thumbigere-Math V, Foster BL, Krieger CC, Kantovitz KR, Novince CM, Koh AJ, McCauley LK, Somerman MJ. PTH and Vitamin D Repress DMP1 in Cementoblasts. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1408-16. [PMID: 26276370 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515599726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex feedback mechanism between parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) maintains mineral homeostasis, in part by regulating calcium and phosphate absorption/reabsorption. Previously, we showed that 1,25D regulates mineral homeostasis by repressing dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) via the vitamin D receptor pathway. Similar to 1,25D, PTH may modulate DMP1, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Immortalized murine cementoblasts (OCCM.30), similar to osteoblasts and known to express DMP1, were treated with PTH (1-34). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot revealed that PTH decreased DMP1 gene transcription (85%) and protein expression (30%), respectively. PTH mediated the downregulation of DMP1 via the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the decreased localization of DMP1 in vivo in cellular cementum and alveolar bone of mice treated with a single dose (50 µg/kg) of PTH (1-34). RNA-seq was employed to further identify patterns of gene expression shared by PTH and 1,25D in regulating DMP1, as well as other factors involved in mineral homeostasis. PTH and 1,25D mutually upregulated 36 genes and mutually downregulated 27 genes by ≥2-fold expression (P ≤ 0.05). Many identified genes were linked with the regulation of bone/tooth homeostasis, cell growth and differentiation, calcium signaling, and DMP1 transcription. Validation of RNA-seq results via PCR array confirmed a similar gene expression pattern in response to PTH and 1,25D treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that PTH and 1,25D share complementary effects in maintaining mineral homeostasis by mutual regulation of genes/proteins associated with calcium and phosphate metabolism while also exerting distinct roles on factors modulating mineral metabolism. Furthermore, PTH may modulate phosphate homeostasis by downregulating DMP1 expression via the cAMP/PKA pathway. Targeting genes/proteins mutually governed by PTH and 1,25D may be a viable approach for designing new therapies for preserving mineralized tissue health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A B Tran
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F H Nociti
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - V Thumbigere-Math
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B L Foster
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C C Krieger
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K R Kantovitz
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Novince
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - A J Koh
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L K McCauley
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M J Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Woo SM, Lim HS, Jeong KY, Kim SM, Kim WJ, Jung JY. Vitamin D Promotes Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells via ERK Activation. Mol Cells 2015; 38:604-9. [PMID: 26062551 PMCID: PMC4507025 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The active metabolite of vitamin D such as 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) is a well-known key regulatory factor in bone metabolism. However, little is known about the potential of vitamin D as an odontogenic inducer in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 metabolite, 1α,25(OH)2D3, on odontoblastic differentiation in HDPCs. HDPCs extracted from maxillary supernumerary incisors and third molars were directly cultured with 1α,25(OH)2D3 in the absence of differentiation-inducing factors. Treatment of HDPCs with 1α,25(OH)2D3 at a concentration of 10 nM or 100 nM significantly upregulated the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein1 (DMP1), the odontogenesis-related genes. Also, 1α,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization in HDPCs. In addition, 1α,25(OH)2D3 induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), whereas the ERK inhibitor U0126 ameliorated the upregulation of DSPP and DMP1 and reduced the mineralization enhanced by 1α,25(OH)2D3. These results demonstrated that 1α,25(OH)2D3 promoted odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs via modulating ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Mi Woo
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
- Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
- Department of Oral Physiology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
| | - Hae-Soon Lim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
- Department of Dental Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
| | - Kyung-Yi Jeong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Honam University, Gwangju 506-714,
Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
| | - Won-Jae Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
- Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
- Department of Oral Physiology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Jung
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
- Department of Oral Physiology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
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Pereira RC, Jüppner H, Gales B, Salusky IB, Wesseling-Perry K. Osteocytic protein expression response to doxercalciferol therapy in pediatric dialysis patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120856. [PMID: 25774916 PMCID: PMC4361624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteocytic protein expression is dysregulated in CKD and is affected by changes in mineral metabolism; however the effects of active vitamin D sterol therapy on osteocyte protein expression in advanced CKD is unknown. METHODS Eleven pediatric patients with end stage kidney disease underwent bone biopsy, were treated for 8 months with doxercalciferol, and then underwent a second bone biopsy. Bone expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and sclerostin were determined by immunohistochemistry and quantified by Ariol Scanning. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR was performed on bone abstracts of a subset of study subjects to determine the nature (i.e. size) of FGF23 and DMP1 in bone before and after therapy. RESULTS As assessed by immunohistochemistry, bone FGF23, DMP1 and sclerostin protein all increased with therapy. In the case of FGF23, this increase was due to an increase in the full-length molecule without the appearance of FGF23 fragments. DMP1 was present primarily in its full-length form in healthy controls while 57kDa and 37kDa fragments of DMP1 were apparent in bone of dialysis patients at baseline and the 57 kDa appeared to decrease with therapy. CONCLUSION Marked changes in osteocytic protein expression accompany doxercalciferol therapy, potentially impacting bone mineralization and the skeletal response to PTH. The effects of these bone changes on long-term outcomes remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C. Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara Gales
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine Wesseling-Perry
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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20
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Wang L, Kantovitz KR, Cullinane AR, Nociti FH, Foster BL, Roney JC, Tran AB, Introne WJ, Somerman MJ. Skin fibroblasts from individuals with Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) exhibit hyposensitive immunogenic response. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:212. [PMID: 25528552 PMCID: PMC4296684 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by immunodeficiency, oculocutaneous albinism, neurological dysfunction, and early death. Individuals with CHS present with increased susceptibility to infections of the skin, upper-respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and oral tissues. Classical CHS is caused by mutations in the gene encoding lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST). Although defects in cytotoxic T cell lytic secretory granule secretion and neutrophil phagocytosis are suggested to contribute to the immunodeficiency in CHS, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that skin fibroblasts from CHS subjects exhibit impaired immune response due to defective trafficking of inflammatory factors. Methods and results Primary skin fibroblasts from CHS subjects or healthy controls were assessed for genes encoding inflammatory response factors using PCR array. At baseline, we found CD14, IL1R1 and TLR-1 were down-regulated significantly (≥2 fold change) and the genes encoding TLR-3, IL-1β and IL-6 were up-regulated in CHS cells compared to control cells. When challenged with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CHS cells were less responsive than control cells, with only 8 genes significantly up-regulated (3–68 fold change) compared to baseline values, whereas 28 genes in control cells were significantly up-regulated at a much higher magnitude (3–4,629 fold change). In addition, 50% of the genes significantly up-regulated in LPS-treated control cells were significantly lower in LPS-treated CHS cells. IL-6, a fibroblast-derived proinflammatory cytokine essential for fighting infections was significantly lower in culture media of CHS cells with or without LPS. Furthermore, Western blot and immunofluorescent staining revealed that TLR-2 and TLR-4 were diminished on cell membranes of CHS cells and dissociated from Rab11a. Conclusions For the first time, results from our study indicate defective trafficking of TLR-2 and TLR-4 contributes to the hyposensitive response of CHS skin fibroblasts to immunogenic challenge, providing a potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention in CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- NIH/NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz
- NIH/NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,University of Campinas - Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Francisco Humberto Nociti
- NIH/NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,University of Campinas - Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Brian Lee Foster
- NIH/NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Anne Bich Tran
- NIH/NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Martha Joan Somerman
- NIH/NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Sapir-Koren R, Livshits G. Bone mineralization is regulated by signaling cross talk between molecular factors of local and systemic origin: the role of fibroblast growth factor 23. Biofactors 2014; 40:555-68. [PMID: 25352227 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Body phosphate homeostasis is regulated by a hormonal counter-balanced intestine-bone-kidney axis. The major systemic hormones involved in this axis are parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D, and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). FGF23, produced almost exclusively by the osteocytes, is a phosphaturic hormone that plays a major role in regulation of the bone remodeling process. Remodeling composite components, bone mineralization and resorption cycles create a continuous influx-efflux loop of the inorganic phosphate (Pi) through the skeleton. This "bone Pi loop," which is formed, is controlled by local and systemic factors according to phosphate homeostasis demands. Although FGF23 systemic actions in the kidney, and for the production of PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D are well established, its direct involvement in bone metabolism is currently poorly understood. This review presents the latest available evidence suggesting two aspects of FGF23 bone local activity: (a) Regulation of FGF23 production by both local and systemic factors. The suggested local factors include extracellular levels of Pi and pyrophosphate (PPi), (the Pi/PPi ratio), and another osteocyte-derived protein, sclerostin. In addition, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D, synthesized locally by bone cells, may contribute to regulation of FGF23 production. The systemic control is achieved via PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D endocrine functions. (b) FGF23 acts as a local agent, directly affecting bone mineralization. We support the assumption that under balanced physiological conditions, sclerostin, by para- autocrine signaling, upregulates FGF23 production by the osteocyte. FGF23, in turn, acts as a mineralization inhibitor, by stimulating the generation of the major mineralization antagonist-PPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Sapir-Koren
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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