1
|
Sharma S, Pereira RC, Nemeth E, Hanudel MR, Ix JH, Salusky IB, Ganz T. Utility of Blood Biomarkers to Predict Marrow Iron Stores in Children. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024:01277230-990000000-00376. [PMID: 38687125 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency is common in children with kidney failure, but current guidelines are based on biomarkers of iron stores that may be influenced by inflammation. This is the first study that examined which serum iron indices were associated with stainable marrow iron stores (the gold standard) in this population with kidney failure who underwent bone biopsies. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 71 clinically stable children and young adults receiving dialysis who underwent bone biopsy for chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder between 2007 through 2011. Bone biopsies were stained with Perls' Prussian blue and independently interpreted by a pathologist blinded to participants' iron parameters and clinical status. Marrow staining was scored absent vs. present to facilitate receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis. In ROC analysis, the ability of serum ferritin to detect stainable marrow iron stores was compared with that of transferrin saturation (TSAT), serum hepcidin, and clinical guideline-based iron deficiency cut-offs for serum iron, TSAT, and their combinations. RESULTS Mean age was 17.2 ± 4.4 years (range 2-28), and 30% of patients were female. Median dialysis vintage was 1.2 (IQR 0.7, 2.0) years, and 56% were supported by peritoneal dialysis. Mean hemoglobin was 12.4 ± 1.7 g/dl, and 35% were receiving iron supplementation at the time of biopsy. Based on the gold standard of depleted marrow iron stores, 46.5% of patients were iron-deficient. As an indicator of marrow iron staining, serum ferritin provided a higher area under the ROC curve than serum hepcidin, TSAT, or clinical guidelines-based evaluation of TSAT + ferritin. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of children and young adults with kidney failure, serum ferritin provided the best indication of stainable marrow iron stores, followed by transferrin saturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, CA
| | - Renata C Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thomas E, Klomhaus AM, Laster ML, Furth SL, Warady BA, Salusky IB, Hanudel MR. Associations between anemia and FGF23 in the CKiD study. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:837-847. [PMID: 37752381 PMCID: PMC10817837 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived hormone that plays a central role in chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder and is associated with CKD progression and cardiovascular morbidity. Factors related to CKD-associated anemia, including iron deficiency, can increase FGF23 production. This study aimed to assess whether anemia and/or iron deficiency are associated with increased circulating concentrations of FGF23 in the large, well-characterized Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study cohort. METHODS Hemoglobin concentrations, iron parameters, C-terminal (total) FGF23, intact FGF23, and relevant covariables were measured in cross-sectional analysis of CKiD study subjects. RESULTS In 493 pediatric patients with CKD (median [interquartile range] age 13 [9, 16] years), the median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 48 [35, 61] ml/min/1.73 m2, and 103 patients (21%) were anemic. Anemic subjects had higher total FGF23 concentrations than non-anemic subjects (204 [124, 390] vs. 109 [77, 168] RU/ml, p < 0.001). In multivariable linear regression modeling, anemia was independently associated with higher total FGF23, after adjustment for demographic, kidney-related, mineral metabolism, and inflammatory covariables (standardized β (95% confidence interval) 0.10 (0.04, 0.17), p = 0.002). In the subset of subjects with available iron parameters (n = 191), iron deficiency was not associated with significantly higher total FGF23 concentrations. In the subgroup that had measurements of both total and intact FGF23 (n = 185), in fully adjusted models, anemia was significantly associated with higher total FGF23 (standardized β (95% CI) 0.16 (0.04, 0.27), p = 0.008) but not intact FGF23 (standardized β (95% CI) 0.02 (-0.12, 0.15), p = 0.81). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of pediatric patients with CKD, anemia was associated with increased total FGF23 levels but was not independently associated with elevated intact FGF23, suggesting possible effects on both FGF23 production and cleavage. Further studies are warranted to investigate non-mineral factors affecting FGF23 production and metabolism in CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra M Klomhaus
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marciana L Laster
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan L Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bradley A Warady
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martin A, Kawaguchi R, Wang Q, Salusky IB, Pereira RC, Wesseling-Perry K. Chromatin accessibility and epigenetic deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) modifications in chronic kidney disease (CKD) osteoblasts: a study of bone and osteoblasts from pediatric patients with CKD. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziad015. [PMID: 38694428 PMCID: PMC11059997 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Maturation defects are intrinsic features of osteoblast lineage cells in CKD patients. These defects persist ex vivo, suggesting that CKD induces epigenetic changes in bone cells. To gain insights into which signaling pathways contribute to CKD-mediated, epigenetically driven, impairments in osteoblast maturation, we characterized RNA expression and DNA methylation patterns by RNA-Seq and MethylationEpic in primary osteoblasts from nine adolescent and young adult dialysis patients with end-stage kidney disease and three healthy references. ATAC-Seq was also performed on a subset of osteoblasts. Bone matrix protein expression was extracted from the iliac crest and evaluated by proteomics. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to establish signaling pathways consistently altered in chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and RNA expression patterns. Single genes were suppressed in primary osteoblasts using shRNA and mineralization characterized in vitro. The effect of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling suppression was also assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) incorporation. We found that signaling pathways critical for osteoblast differentiation were strongly downregulated in CKD osteoblasts. Gene set enrichment analysis identified highly significant methylation changes, differential chromatin accessibility, and altered RNA expression in NFAT signaling targets. NFAT inhibition reduced osteoblast proliferation. Combined analysis of osteoblast RNA expression and whole bone matrix composition identified 13 potential ligand-receptor pairs. In summary, epigenetic changes in CKD osteoblasts associate with altered expression of multiple osteoblast genes and signaling pathways. An increase in NFAT signaling may play a role in impaired CKD osteoblast maturation. Epigenetic changes also associate with an altered bone matrix, which may contribute to bone fragility. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the pathways affected by these genetic alterations since elucidating these pathways will be vital to correcting the underlying biology of bone disease in the CKD population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Martin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Qing Wang
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Renata C Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Katherine Wesseling-Perry
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 850156
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
David V, Salusky IB, Malluche H, Nickolas TL. Renal osteodystrophy: something old, something new, something needed. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023; 32:559-564. [PMID: 37753646 PMCID: PMC10539012 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a complex disorder of bone metabolism that affects virtually all adults and children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). ROD is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including bone loss, mineralization and turnover abnormalities, skeletal deformities, fractures, cardiovascular events, and death. Despite current therapies, fracture incidence is 2-fold to 100-fold higher in adults and 2-fold to 3-fold higher in children when compared to without CKD. Limited knowledge of ROD pathogenesis, due to the lack of patient-derived large-scale multimodal datasets, impedes development of therapeutics aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality of CKD patients. The purpose of the review is to define the much needed infrastructure for the advancement of RDO treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, we created a large-scale data and tissue biorepository integrating clinical, bone quality, transcriptomic, and epigenomic data along with stored urine, blood, and bone samples. This database will provide the underpinnings for future research endeavors leading to the elucidation and characterization of the pathogenesis of ROD in CKD patients with and without dialysis. SUMMARY The availability of an open-access NIH-funded resource that shares bone-tissue-based information obtained from patients with ROD with the broad scientific community represents a critical step in the process of discovering new information regarding unrecognized bone changes that have severe clinical complications. This will facilitate future high-impact hypothesis-driven research to redefine our understanding of ROD pathogenesis and pathophysiology and inform the development of disease-modifying and prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin David
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hartmut Malluche
- Division of Nephrology, Bone & Mineral Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Thomas L. Nickolas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Irving University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Albrecht LV, Pereira RC, Salusky IB. All the might of the osteocyte: emerging roles in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2023; 104:910-915. [PMID: 37648154 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes are the most abundant type of bone cell and play crucial roles in bone health. Osteocytes sense mechanical stress and orchestrate osteoblasts and osteoclasts to maintain bone density and strength. Beyond this, osteocytes have also emerged as key regulators of organ crosstalk, and they function as endocrine organs via their roles in secreting factors that mediate signaling within their neighboring bone cells and in distant tissues. As such, osteocyte dysfunction has been associated with the bone abnormalities seen across a spectrum of chronic kidney disease. Specifically, dysregulated osteocyte morphology and signaling have been observed in the earliest stages of chronic kidney disease and have been suggested to contribute to kidney disease progression. More important, US Food and Drug Administration-approved inhibitors of osteocytic secreted proteins, such as fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin, have been used to treat bone diseases. The present mini review highlights new research that links dysfunctional osteocytes to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Albrecht
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
| | - Renata C Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Laster M, Pereira RC, Noche K, Gales B, Salusky IB, Albrecht LV. Sclerostin, Osteocytes, and Wnt Signaling in Pediatric Renal Osteodystrophy. Nutrients 2023; 15:4127. [PMID: 37836411 PMCID: PMC10574198 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is not well understood. Specific factors secreted by osteocytes are elevated in the serum of adults and pediatric patients with CKD-MBD, including FGF-23 and sclerostin, a known inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. The molecular mechanisms that promote bone disease during the progression of CKD are incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of 87 pediatric patients with pre-dialysis CKD and post-dialysis (CKD 5D). We assessed the associations between serum and bone sclerostin levels and biomarkers of bone turnover and bone histomorphometry. We report that serum sclerostin levels were elevated in both early and late CKD. Higher circulating and bone sclerostin levels were associated with histomorphometric parameters of bone turnover and mineralization. Immunofluorescence analyses of bone biopsies evaluated osteocyte staining of antibodies towards the canonical Wnt target, β-catenin, in the phosphorylated (inhibited) or unphosphorylated (active) forms. Bone sclerostin was found to be colocalized with phosphorylated β-catenin, which suggests that Wnt signaling was inhibited. In patients with low serum sclerostin levels, increased unphosphorylated "active" β-catenin staining was observed in osteocytes. These data provide new mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD and suggest that sclerostin may offer a potential biomarker or therapeutic target in pediatric renal osteodystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marciana Laster
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (M.L.); (R.C.P.); (K.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Renata C. Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (M.L.); (R.C.P.); (K.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Kathleen Noche
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (M.L.); (R.C.P.); (K.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Barbara Gales
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (M.L.); (R.C.P.); (K.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (M.L.); (R.C.P.); (K.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Lauren V. Albrecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martinez-Calle M, Courbon G, Hunt-Tobey B, Francis C, Spindler J, Wang X, dos Reis LM, Martins CS, Salusky IB, Malluche H, Nickolas TL, Moyses RM, Martin A, David V. Transcription factor HNF4α2 promotes osteogenesis and prevents bone abnormalities in mice with renal osteodystrophy. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e159928. [PMID: 37079387 PMCID: PMC10231994 DOI: 10.1172/jci159928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a disorder of bone metabolism that affects virtually all patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including fractures, cardiovascular events, and death. In this study, we showed that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), a transcription factor mostly expressed in the liver, is also expressed in bone, and that osseous HNF4α expression was dramatically reduced in patients and mice with ROD. Osteoblast-specific deletion of Hnf4α resulted in impaired osteogenesis in cells and mice. Using multi-omics analyses of bones and cells lacking or overexpressing Hnf4α1 and Hnf4α2, we showed that HNF4α2 is the main osseous Hnf4α isoform that regulates osteogenesis, cell metabolism, and cell death. As a result, osteoblast-specific overexpression of Hnf4α2 prevented bone loss in mice with CKD. Our results showed that HNF4α2 is a transcriptional regulator of osteogenesis, implicated in the development of ROD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martinez-Calle
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guillaume Courbon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bridget Hunt-Tobey
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Connor Francis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jadeah Spindler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luciene M. dos Reis
- LIM 16, Nephrology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (HCFMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina S.W. Martins
- LIM 16, Nephrology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (HCFMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hartmut Malluche
- Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Thomas L. Nickolas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Irving University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rosa M.A. Moyses
- LIM 16, Nephrology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (HCFMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Martin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Valentin David
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma S, Patel NR, Hanudel MR, Ix JH, Salusky IB, Nguyen KL. Plasma FGF23 is associated with left atrial remodeling in children on hemodialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2022:10.1007/s00467-022-05812-x. [PMID: 36508050 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FGF23 mediates cardiac fibrosis through the activation of pro-fibrotic factors in in vitro models and is markedly elevated in kidney disease. Left atrial global longitudinal strain (LA GLS) derived by echocardiographic speckle-tracking measures longitudinal shortening of the LA walls, quantifies atrial performance and may enable detection of early LA remodeling in the setting of normal ventricular function. We hypothesized that LA GLS is abnormal in children on hemodialysis (HD) compared to healthy controls of comparable age/sex distribution and that, among HD patients, greater FGF23 levels are associated with abnormal LA GLS. METHODS Clinical and echocardiographic data from 29 children receiving HD and 13 healthy controls were collected in a cross-sectional single-center study. Plasma FGF23 concentrations were measured using ELISA. The primary outcome was LA GLS measured using 2D speckle-tracking strain analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate predictors of LA GLS in HD. RESULTS Median dialysis vintage was 1.5 (IQR 0.5-4.3) years. Median intact FGF23 levels were substantially higher in the HD vs. control group (1206 [215, 4707] vs. 51 [43, 66.5] pg/ml; P = 0.0001), and LA GLS was 39.9% SD 11.6 vs. 32.8% SD 5.7 (P = 0.04). Among HD patients, higher FGF23 was associated with lower LA GLS (β per unit Ln-FGF23: - 2.7; 95% CI slope - 5.4, - 0.1; P = 0.04 after adjustment for age, body size, and HD vintage. FGF23 was not associated with LA phasic reservoir, conduit, or contractile strain. CONCLUSIONS In children on HD and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, greater FGF23 is associated with lower LA GLS (indicative of impaired atrial performance). A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sharma
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Room 6030, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
| | - Nisha R Patel
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, IL, Maywood, USA
| | - Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hartley IR, Gafni RI, Roszko KL, Brown SM, de Castro LF, Saikali A, Ferreira CR, Gahl WA, Pacak K, Blau JE, Boyce AM, Salusky IB, Collins MT, Florenzano P. Determination of FGF23 Levels for the Diagnosis of FGF23-Mediated Hypophosphatemia. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2174-2185. [PMID: 36093861 PMCID: PMC9712269 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) measurement is a critical tool in the evaluation of patients with disordered phosphate homeostasis. Available laboratory reference ranges for blood FGF23 were developed using samples from normophosphatemic individuals. Reliance on such values can lead to misdiagnosis in patients with FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia, such as X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), in whom pathology-driving FGF23 levels can be in the "normal range." To determine FGF23 levels that are diagnostic for the identification of patients with FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemic disorders, we studied 149 patients with various disorders of FGF23-mediated and FGF23-independent hypophosphatemia and defined cut-off levels for both intact FGF23 (iFGF23) and C-terminal FGF23 (cFGF23) that can accurately distinguish between FGF23-mediated and FGF23-independent hypophosphatemia. In addition, to demonstrate the relationship between FGF23 and phosphate across the spectrum of human physiology, we assessed blood levels of FGF23 and phosphate in 434 patients with various forms of hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphatemia, and normophosphatemia. An intact FGF23 cut point of 27 pg/mL was 100% sensitive and specific in distinguishing FGF23-mediated from FGF23-independent hypophosphatemia, and a cFGF23 cut point of 90 RU/mL was 100% sensitive and specific in distinguishing specifically TIO from FGF23-independent hypophosphatemia. There was overlap in the cFGF23 range of 45-90 RU/mL between genetic forms of FGF23 excess and FGF23-independent hypophosphatemia, substantiating the superiority of iFGF23 over cFGF23 in making the diagnosis of FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia. In this cohort, using the laboratory upper limit of normal for cFGF23 (180 RU/mL) would result in a misdiagnosis in more than half of patients with FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia. In this, the largest study of FGF23 in chronic hypophosphatemia to date, we established iFGF23 and cFGF23 cut-off values to assist in the evaluation and diagnosis of hypophosphatemic conditions. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris R. Hartley
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel I. Gafni
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelly L. Roszko
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sydney M. Brown
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luis F. de Castro
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Saikali
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos R. Ferreira
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - William A. Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jenny E. Blau
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison M. Boyce
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael T. Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Florenzano
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Centro Traslacional en Endocrinología UC (CETREN-UC), Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Milioto A, Reyes M, Hanna P, Kiuchi Z, Turan S, Zeve D, Agarwal C, Grigelioniene G, Chen A, Mericq V, Frangos M, Ten S, Mantovani G, Salusky IB, Tebben P, Jüppner H. Lack of GNAS Remethylation During Oogenesis May Be a Cause of Sporadic Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1610-e1619. [PMID: 34791361 PMCID: PMC8947795 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP1B) is characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to parathyroid hormone resistance in the proximal renal tubules. Maternal pathogenic STX16/GNAS variants leading to maternal epigenetic GNAS changes impair expression of the stimulatory G protein alpha-subunit (Gsα) thereby causing autosomal dominant PHP1B. In contrast, genetic defects responsible for sporadic PHP1B (sporPHP1B) remain mostly unknown. OBJECTIVE Determine whether PHP1B encountered after in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) causes GNAS remethylation defects similar to those in sporPHP1B. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. RESULTS Nine among 36 sporPHP1B patients investigated since 2000, all with loss of methylation (LOM) at the 3 maternal GNAS differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and gain of methylation at the paternal NESP DMR, had been conceived through IVF or ICSI. Besides abnormal GNAS methylation, IVF/ICSI PHP1B cases revealed no additional imprinting defects. Three of these PHP1B patients have dizygotic twins, and 4 have IVF/ICSI-conceived siblings, all with normal GNAS methylation; 2 unaffected younger siblings were conceived naturally. CONCLUSION Sporadic and IVF/ICSI-conceived PHP1B patients revealed indistinguishable epigenetic changes at all 4 GNAS DMRs, thus suggesting a similar underlying disease mechanism. Given that remethylation at the 3 maternal DMRs occurs during oogenesis, male factors are unlikely to cause LOM postfertilization. Instead, at least some of the sporPHP1B variants could be caused by a defect or defects in an oocyte-expressed gene that is required for fertility and for re-establishing maternal GNAS methylation imprints. It remains uncertain, however, whether the lack of GNAS remethylation alone and the resulting reduction in Gsα expression is sufficient to impair oocyte maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Milioto
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica Reyes
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Hanna
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zentaro Kiuchi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Serap Turan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniel Zeve
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ang Chen
- Any Chen, Arizona Kidney Disease and Hypertension Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Veronica Mericq
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Svetlana Ten
- Consultant of Pediatric Endocrinology, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Tebben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sirimongkolchaiyakul O, Wesseling‐Perry K, Gales B, Markovic D, Elashoff D, Ramos G, Pereira RC, Hanudel MR, Salusky IB. Effects of primary kidney disease etiology on renal osteodystrophy in pediatric dialysis patients. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10601. [PMID: 35434448 PMCID: PMC9009101 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital diseases of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and glomerulonephritis are the main causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. Although renal osteodystrophy (ROD) and indices of mineral metabolism have been characterized in dialyzed children, the impact of primary kidney disease on ROD is unknown. We performed a cross‐sectional study of bone biopsies performed in 189 pediatric dialysis patients aged 12.6 ± 5.4 years. Patients were classified into three groups according to primary kidney disease: CAKUT (n = 82), hereditary (n = 22), or glomerular disease (n = 85). Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 25(OH) vitamin D were measured at the time of biopsy. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels were measured in a subset of 59 patients. Levels of calcium, phosphate, PTH, and 25(OH) vitamin D were similar across groups. CAKUT patients had higher serum ALP and lower C‐terminal FGF23 levels. Bone turnover and bone volume parameters did not differ across groups. However, osteoid volume (OV/BV), osteoid surface (OS/BS), and osteoid maturation time (OMT) were highest in the CAKUT group and lowest in the hereditary group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that calcium, phosphate, ALP, and PTH were independently associated with OV/BV and osteoid thickness (O.Th). PTH was an independent factor affecting bone formation rate. The relationship between CKD etiology and bone histomorphometric variables was abrogated after adjustment for biochemical parameters in the multivariable models. Overall, bone histology differed according to CKD etiology in the unadjusted analysis; however, this association could not be confirmed independently of biochemical parameters. Although CAKUT patients had a greater mineralization defect with elevated serum ALP levels, longitudinal studies will be needed to elucidate mediation pathways that might be involved in the complex interplay of CKD‐mineral bone disease (MBD). © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ornatcha Sirimongkolchaiyakul
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital Navamindrahiraj University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Katherine Wesseling‐Perry
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles United States
| | - Barbara Gales
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles United States
| | - Daniela Markovic
- Department of Medicine, Biostatistics and Biomathematics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles United States
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Medicine, Biostatistics and Biomathematics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles United States
| | - Georgina Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles United States
| | - Renata C. Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles United States
| | - Mark R. Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles United States
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Czaya B, Heitman K, Campos I, Yanucil C, Kentrup D, Westbrook D, Gutierrez O, Babitt JL, Jung G, Salusky IB, Hanudel M, Faul C. Hyperphosphatemia increases inflammation to exacerbate anemia and skeletal muscle wasting independently of FGF23-FGFR4 signaling. eLife 2022; 11:74782. [PMID: 35302487 PMCID: PMC8963881 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevations in plasma phosphate concentrations (hyperphosphatemia) occur in chronic kidney disease (CKD), in certain genetic disorders, and following the intake of a phosphate-rich diet. Whether hyperphosphatemia and/or associated changes in metabolic regulators, including elevations of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) directly contribute to specific complications of CKD is uncertain. Here, we report that similar to patients with CKD, mice with adenine-induced CKD develop inflammation, anemia, and skeletal muscle wasting. These complications are also observed in mice fed high phosphate diet even without CKD. Ablation of pathologic FGF23-FGFR4 signaling did not protect mice on an increased phosphate diet or mice with adenine-induced CKD from these sequelae. However, low phosphate diet ameliorated anemia and skeletal muscle wasting in a genetic mouse model of CKD. Our mechanistic in vitro studies indicate that phosphate elevations induce inflammatory signaling and increase hepcidin expression in hepatocytes, a potential causative link between hyperphosphatemia, anemia, and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Our study suggests that high phosphate intake, as caused by the consumption of processed food, may have harmful effects irrespective of pre-existing kidney injury, supporting not only the clinical utility of treating hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients but also arguing for limiting phosphate intake in healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Czaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Kylie Heitman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Isaac Campos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Christopher Yanucil
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Dominik Kentrup
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - David Westbrook
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Orlando Gutierrez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Jodie L Babitt
- Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Grace Jung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Mark Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mäkitie RE, Henning P, Jiu Y, Kämpe A, Kogan K, Costantini A, Välimäki V, Medina‐Gomez C, Pekkinen M, Salusky IB, Schalin‐Jäntti C, Haanpää MK, Rivadeneira F, Bassett JHD, Williams GR, Lerner UH, Pereira RC, Lappalainen P, Mäkitie O. An ARHGAP25 variant links aberrant Rac1 function to early-onset skeletal fragility. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10509. [PMID: 34258505 PMCID: PMC8260816 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras homologous guanosine triphosphatases (RhoGTPases) control several cellular functions, including cytoskeletal actin remodeling and cell migration. Their activities are downregulated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Although RhoGTPases are implicated in bone remodeling and osteoclast and osteoblast function, their significance in human bone health and disease remains elusive. Here, we report defective RhoGTPase regulation as a cause of severe, early-onset, autosomal-dominant skeletal fragility in a three-generation Finnish family. Affected individuals (n = 13) presented with multiple low-energy peripheral and vertebral fractures despite normal bone mineral density (BMD). Bone histomorphometry suggested reduced bone volume, low surface area covered by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and low bone turnover. Exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous missense variant c.652G>A (p.G218R) in ARHGAP25, encoding a GAP for Rho-family GTPase Rac1. Variants in the ARHGAP25 5' untranslated region (UTR) also associated with BMD and fracture risk in the general population, across multiple genomewide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses (lead variant rs10048745). ARHGAP25 messenger RNA (mRNA) was expressed in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-stimulated human monocytes and mouse osteoblasts, indicating a possible role for ARHGAP25 in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and activity. Studies on subject-derived osteoclasts from peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not reveal robust defects in mature osteoclast formation or resorptive activity. However, analysis of osteosarcoma cells overexpressing the ARHGAP25 G218R-mutant, combined with structural modeling, confirmed that the mutant protein had decreased GAP-activity against Rac1, resulting in elevated Rac1 activity, increased cell spreading, and membrane ruffling. Our findings indicate that mutated ARHGAP25 causes aberrant Rac1 function and consequently abnormal bone metabolism, highlighting the importance of RhoGAP signaling in bone metabolism in familial forms of skeletal fragility and in the general population, and expanding our understanding of the molecular pathways underlying skeletal fragility. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsHelsinkiFinland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionCentre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Yaming Jiu
- HiLIFE Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of ShanghaiChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Anders Kämpe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Konstantin Kogan
- HiLIFE Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Ville‐Valtteri Välimäki
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyHelsinki University Central Hospital and Helsinki University, Jorvi HospitalEspooFinland
| | - Carolina Medina‐Gomez
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsHelsinkiFinland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Camilla Schalin‐Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Maria K. Haanpää
- Department of Genomics and Clinical GeneticsTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - John H. Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ulf H. Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionCentre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Renata C. Pereira
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- HiLIFE Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsHelsinkiFinland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Children's HospitalUniversity and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stern R, Levi DS, Gales B, Rutsch F, Salusky IB. Correspondence on "Prospective phenotyping of long-term survivors of generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI)" by Ferreira et al. Genet Med 2021; 23:2006-2007. [PMID: 34127825 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Stern
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Levi
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Gales
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank Rutsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pereira RC, Gitomer BY, Chonchol M, Harris PC, Noche KJ, Salusky IB, Albrecht LV. Characterization of Primary Cilia in Osteoblasts Isolated From Patients With ADPKD and CKD. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10464. [PMID: 33869988 PMCID: PMC8046038 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and leads to a specific type of bone disease. The primary cilium is a major cellular organelle implicated in the pathophysiology of ADPKD caused by mutations in polycystin-1 (PKD1) and polycystin-2 (PKD2). In this study, for the first time, cilia were characterized in primary preosteoblasts isolated from patients with ADPKD. All patients with ADPKD had low bone turnover and primary osteoblasts were also obtained from patients with non-ADPKD CKD with low bone turnover. Image-based immunofluorescence assays analyzed cilia using standard markers, pericentrin, and acetylated-α-tubulin, where cilia induction and elongation were chosen as relevant endpoints for these initial investigations. Osteoblastic activity was examined by measuring alkaline phosphatase levels and mineralized matrix deposition rates. It was found that primary cilia can be visualized in patient-derived osteoblasts and respond to elongation treatments. Compared with control cells, ADPKD osteoblasts displayed abnormal cilia elongation that was significantly more responsive in cells with PKD2 nontruncating mutations and PKD1 mutations. In contrast, non-ADPKD CKD osteoblasts were unresponsive and had shorter cilia. Finally, ADPKD osteoblasts showed increased rates of mineralized matrix deposition compared with non-ADPKD CKD. This work represents the first study of cilia in primary human-derived osteoblasts from patients with CKD and patients with ADPKD who have normal kidney function, offering new insights as bone disease phenotypes are not well recapitulated in animal models. These data support a model whereby altered cilia occurs in PKD-mutated osteoblasts, and that ADPKD-related defects in bone cell activity and mineralization are distinct from adynamic bone disease from patients with non-ADPKD CKD. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata C Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCL Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Berenice Y Gitomer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Kathleen J Noche
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCL Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCL Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Lauren V Albrecht
- Department of Biological Chemistry David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hughes-Austin JM, Dwight KD, Ginsberg C, Tipps A, Salusky IB, Pereira RC, Ix JH. Regional variation in bone turnover at the iliac crest versus the greater trochanter. Bone 2021; 143:115604. [PMID: 32827849 PMCID: PMC7769907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iliac crest bone biopsy with histomorphometry is the gold standard for diagnosis of abnormalities in bone turnover, yet fractures more frequently occur at the greater trochanter of the hip. Whether bone turnover is similar at these two anatomic sites within individuals is uncertain. METHODS We collected bone biopsy samples from the ipsilateral iliac crest and greater trochanter in 9 deceased individuals undergoing autopsies at an academic medical center between March-August 2018. We measured 14 static bone histomorphometry parameters including osteoclast number (N.Oc/T.A), eroded surface (ES/BS), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), osteoclast surface (Oc.S/BS) and osteoid volume (OV/BV) as markers of bone turnover, mineralization, and volume (TMV), and evaluated the correlation of these markers between the iliac crest and greater trochanter. RESULTS Average age at time of death was 58 ± 15 years, 2 were women, and average time from death to autopsy was 2.9 ± 1.8 days. Overall, correlations of the markers of bone turnover across the two sites were poor, ranging from as low as 0 for Tb.Sp (p = 1.0) to as high as 0.583 for Oc.S/BS (p = 0.102). CONCLUSIONS Static histomorphometric measures of bone turnover at the iliac crest may not provide reliable information about turnover at other anatomic sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Hughes-Austin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kathryn D Dwight
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Charles Ginsberg
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ann Tipps
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renata C Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Laster M, Denburg M, Okuda Y, Kumar J, Furth S, Warady B, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Norris K, Salusky IB. Race and Ethnicity Predict Bone Markers and Fracture in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:298-304. [PMID: 32960469 PMCID: PMC8893169 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies in healthy children have shown racial-ethnic differences in bone markers and bone outcomes including fractures. At present, limited studies have evaluated the impact of race and ethnicity on bone markers and fractures within the pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. In a cohort study of 762 children between the ages of 1.5 years and 18 years, with CKD stages 1 to 4 from the CKD in children (CKiD) cohort, the relationship between racial-ethnic group and bone markers (parathyroid hormone [PTH], 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-OHD], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2 D], and C-terminal fibroblast growth factor [FGF23]) was determined using linear mixed models. Additionally, logistic regression was used to evaluate racial-ethnic differences in prevalent fracture upon study entry. Black race was associated with 23% higher PTH levels (confidence interval [CI], 2.5% to 47.7%; p = .03), 33.1% lower 25-OHD levels (CI, -39.7% to -25.7%; p < .0001), and no difference in C-terminal FGF23 or 1,25(OH)2 D levels when compared to whites. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with 15.9% lower C-terminal FGF23 levels (CI, -28.3% to -1.5%; p = .03) and 13.8% lower 25-OHD levels (CI, -22.2% to -4.5%; p = .005) when compared to whites. Black and Hispanic children had 74% (odds ratio [OR] 0.26; CI, 0.14 to 0.49; p = .001) and 66% (OR 0.34; CI, 0.17 to 0.65; p < .0001) lower odds of any fracture than white children at study entry, respectively. Race and ethnicity are associated with differences in bone markers and despite lower 25-OHD levels, both black and Hispanic children with CKD reported a lower prevalent fracture history than white children. The current findings in the CKD population are similar to racial-ethnic differences described in healthy children. Additional studies are needed to better understand how these differences might impact the management of pediatric CKD-MBD. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marciana Laster
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Denburg
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yusuke Okuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.,Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Juhi Kumar
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Furth
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bradley Warady
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Keith Norris
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ray A, Esparza S, Wu D, Hanudel MR, Joung HA, Gales B, Tseng D, Salusky IB, Ozcan A. Measurement of serum phosphate levels using a mobile sensor. Analyst 2020; 145:1841-1848. [PMID: 31960836 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02215e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of serum phosphate concentration is crucial for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those on maintenance dialysis, as abnormal phosphate levels may be associated with severe health risks. It is important to monitor serum phosphate levels on a regular basis in these patients; however, such measurements are generally limited to every 0.5-3 months, depending on the severity of CKD. This is due to the fact that serum phosphate measurements can only be performed at regular clinic visits, in addition to cost considerations. Here we present a portable and cost-effective point-of-care device capable of measuring serum phosphate levels using a single drop of blood (<60 μl). This is achieved by integrating a paper-based microfluidic platform with a custom-designed smartphone reader. This mobile sensor was tested on patients undergoing dialysis, where whole blood samples were acquired before starting the hemodialysis and during the three-hour treatment. This sampling during the hemodialysis, under patient consent, allowed us to test blood samples with a wide range of phosphate concentrations, and our results showed a strong correlation with the ground truth laboratory tests performed on the same patient samples (Pearson coefficient r = 0.95 and p < 0.001). Our 3D-printed smartphone attachment weighs about 400 g and costs less than 80 USD, whereas the material cost for the disposable test is <3.5 USD (under low volume manufacturing). This low-cost and easy-to-operate system can be used to measure serum phosphate levels at the point-of-care in about 45 min and can potentially be used on a daily basis by patients at home.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Ray
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sarah Esparza
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dimei Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Barbara Gales
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Derek Tseng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gitomer B, Pereira R, Salusky IB, Stoneback JW, Isakova T, Cai X, Dalrymple LS, Ofsthun N, You Z, Malluche HH, Maddux F, George D, Torres V, Chapman A, Steinman TI, Wolf M, Chonchol M. Mineral bone disease in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2020; 99:977-985. [PMID: 32926884 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mice with disruption of Pkd1 in osteoblasts demonstrate reduced bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume and cortical thickness. To date, the bone phenotype in adult patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with stage I and II chronic kidney disease has not been investigated. To examine this, we characterized biochemical markers of mineral metabolism, examined bone turnover and biology, and estimated risk of fracture in patients with ADPKD. Markers of mineral metabolism were measured in 944 patients with ADPKD and other causes of kidney disease. Histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry were compared on bone biopsies from 20 patients with ADPKD with a mean eGFR of 97 ml/min/1.73m2 and 17 healthy individuals. Furthermore, adults with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) initiating hemodialysis between 2002-2013 and estimated the risk of bone fracture associated with ADPKD as compared to other etiologies of kidney disease were examined. Intact fibroblast growth factor 23 was higher and total alkaline phosphatase lower in patients with compared to patients without ADPKD with chronic kidney disease. Compared to healthy individuals, patients with ADPKD demonstrated significantly lower osteoid volume/bone volume (0.61 vs. 1.21%) and bone formation rate/bone surface (0.012 vs. 0.026 μm3/μm2/day). ESKD due to ADPKD was not associated with a higher risk of fracture as compared to ESKD due to diabetes (age adjusted incidence rate ratio: 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.31, 0.74) or compared to other etiologies of kidney disease. Thus, individuals with ADPKD have lower alkaline phosphatase, higher circulating intact fibroblast growth factor 23 and decreased bone formation rate. However, ADPKD is not associated with higher rates of bone fracture in ESKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Gitomer
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Renata Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason W Stoneback
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tamara Isakova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xuan Cai
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Norma Ofsthun
- Fresenius Medical Care North America, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhiying You
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Harmut H Malluche
- Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Diana George
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Vicente Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Arlene Chapman
- Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Theodore I Steinman
- Department of Medicine and Renal Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Myles Wolf
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Florenzano P, Jimenez M, Ferreira CR, Nesterova G, Roberts MS, Tella SH, Fernandez de Castro L, Gafni RI, Wolf M, Jüppner H, Gales B, Wesseling-Perry K, Markovich D, Gahl WA, Salusky IB, Collins MT. Nephropathic Cystinosis: A Distinct Form of CKD-Mineral and Bone Disorder that Provides Novel Insights into the Regulation of FGF23. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2184-2192. [PMID: 32631973 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rare lysosomal storage disease nephropathic cystinosis presents with renal Fanconi syndrome that evolves in time to CKD. Although biochemical abnormalities in common causes of CKD-mineral and bone disorder have been defined, it is unknown if persistent phosphate wasting in nephropathic cystinosis is associated with a biochemical mineral pattern distinct from that typically observed in CKD-mineral and bone disorder. METHODS We assessed and compared determinants of mineral homeostasis in patients with nephropathic cystinosis across the predialysis CKD spectrum to these determinants in age- and CKD stage-matched patients, with causes of CKD other than nephropathic cystinosis. RESULTS The study included 50 patients with nephropathic cystinosis-related CDK and 97 with CKD from other causes. All major aspects of mineral homeostasis were differentially effected in patients with CKD stemming from nephropathic cystinosis versus other causes. Patients with nephropathic cystinosis had significantly lower percent tubular reabsorption of phosphate and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) at all CKD stages, and lower blood phosphate in CKD stages 3-5. Linear regression analyses demonstrated lower FGF23 levels in nephropathic cystinosis participants at all CKD stages when corrected for eGFR and age, but not when adjusted for serum phosphate. CONCLUSIONS Nephropathic cystinosis CKD patients have mineral abnormalities that are distinct from those in CKD stemming from other causes. Persistently increased urinary phosphate excretion maintains serum phosphate levels within the normal range, thus protecting patients with nephropathic cystinosis from elevations of FGF23 during early CKD stages. These findings support the notion that phosphate is a significant driver of increased FGF23 levels in CKD and that mineral abnormalities associated with CKD are likely to vary depending on the underlying renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Florenzano
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland .,Endocrinology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Jimenez
- Endocrinology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Galina Nesterova
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary Scott Roberts
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sri Harsha Tella
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luis Fernandez de Castro
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel I Gafni
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Myles Wolf
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Gales
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine Wesseling-Perry
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniela Markovich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharma S, Hanudel MR, Ix JH, Salusky IB, Ganz T, Nguyen KL. The Authors Reply. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:1119-1120. [PMID: 32647775 PMCID: PMC7335947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sharma
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark R. Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joachim H. Ix
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hanudel MR, Eisenga MF, Rappaport M, Chua K, Qiao B, Jung G, Gabayan V, Gales B, Ramos G, de Jong MA, van Zanden JJ, de Borst MH, Bakker SJL, Nemeth E, Salusky IB, Gaillard CAJM, Ganz T. Effects of erythropoietin on fibroblast growth factor 23 in mice and humans. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:2057-2065. [PMID: 30007314 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoietin (EPO) has been reported as a novel determinant of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production; however, it is unknown whether FGF23 is stimulated by chronic exposure to EPO or by EPO administration in nonpolycystic chronic kidney disease (CKD) models. METHODS We analyzed the effects of chronic EPO on FGF23 in murine models with chronically high EPO levels and normal kidney function. We studied the effects of exogenous EPO on FGF23 in wild-type mice, with and without CKD, injected with EPO. Also, in four independent human CKD cohorts, we evaluated associations between FGF23 and serum EPO levels or exogenous EPO dose. RESULTS Mice with high endogenous EPO have elevated circulating total FGF23, increased disproportionately to intact FGF23, suggesting coupling of increased FGF23 production with increased proteolytic cleavage. Similarly, in wild-type mice with and without CKD, a single exogenous EPO dose acutely increases circulating total FGF23 out of proportion to intact FGF23. In these murine models, the bone marrow is shown to be a novel source of EPO-stimulated FGF23 production. In humans, serum EPO levels and recombinant human EPO dose are positively and independently associated with total FGF23 levels across the spectrum of CKD and after kidney transplantation. In our largest cohort of 680 renal transplant recipients, serum EPO levels are associated with total FGF23, but not intact FGF23, consistent with the effects of EPO on FGF23 production and metabolism observed in our murine models. CONCLUSION EPO affects FGF23 production and metabolism, which may have important implications for CKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michele F Eisenga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Rappaport
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Chua
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Grace Jung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Gabayan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Gales
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Georgina Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maarten A de Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer J van Zanden
- Certe, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlo A J M Gaillard
- Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Margaret Holloway
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Between August 1980, when dialysate solution in appropriate volumes for pediatric patients became available in the United States, and February 1984, 68 patients, aged 1 to 21 years, were trained for CAPD/CCPD at UCLA. This report reviews the clinical experience with these home dialytic modalities during the past 31/2 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Deborah Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Marcia Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Teresa Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Stanley C. Jordan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Robert B. Ettenger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Richard N. Fine
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90024
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Salusky IB, Goodman WG, Kuizon BD. Consequences of Intermittent Calcitriol Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089901902s72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isidro B. Salusky
- The Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Anqeles, California, U.S.A
| | - William G. Goodman
- The Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Anqeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Beatriz D. Kuizon
- The Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Anqeles, California, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and premature mortality and represents a significant global public health issue. Underlying this burden are the many complications of CKD, including mineral and bone disorders, anemia, and accelerated cardiovascular disease. Hyperphosphatemia and elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) have been identified as key independent risk factors for the adverse cardiovascular outcomes that frequently occur in patients with CKD. Auryxia® (ferric citrate; Keryx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Boston, MA, USA) is an iron-based compound with distinctive chemical characteristics and a mechanism of action that render it dually effective as a therapy in patients with CKD; it has been approved as a phosphate binder for the control of serum phosphate levels in adult CKD patients treated with dialysis and as an iron replacement product for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adult CKD patients not treated with dialysis. This review focuses on Auryxia, its mechanism of action, and the clinical attributes that differentiate it from other, non-pharmaceutical-grade, commercially available forms of ferric citrate and from other commonly used phosphate binder and iron supplement therapies for patients with CKD. Consistent with the chemistry and mechanism of action of Auryxia, multiple clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy in both lowering serum phosphate levels and improving iron parameters in patients with CKD. Levels of FGF23 decrease significantly with Auryxia treatment, but the effects associated with the cardiovascular system remain to be evaluated in longer-term studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ganz
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,CHS 47-200J, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,CHS 47-200J, Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Avi Bino
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Laster M, Pereira RC, Salusky IB. Unraveling the osteocyte in CKD-MBD post-renal transplantation. Kidney Int 2019; 96:1059-1061. [PMID: 31648693 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Changes in indices of mineral metabolism, bone protein expression, and bone turnover were assessed between pre- and post-renal transplant bone biopsies obtained 12 months apart. Circulating sclerostin and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) levels decreased, and a low bone turnover state was highly prevalent on follow-up. In contrast, bone sclerostin expression increased, whereas FGF-23 bone expression was unchanged/decreased. These findings underscore the limitations of circulating biomarkers and the critical role of bone biopsy to understand osteocyte biology in chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marciana Laster
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Renata C Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pereira RC, Salusky IB, Bowen RE, Freymiller EG, Wesseling-Perry K. Vitamin D sterols increase FGF23 expression by stimulating osteoblast and osteocyte maturation in CKD bone. Bone 2019; 127:626-634. [PMID: 31377240 PMCID: PMC6715148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired osteoblast and osteocyte maturation contribute to mineralization defects and excess FGF23 expression in CKD bone. Vitamin D sterols decrease osteoid accumulation and increase FGF23 expression; these agents also increase osteoblast maturation in vitro but a link between changes in bone cell maturation, bone mineralization, and FGF23 expression in response to vitamin D sterols has not been established. We evaluated unmineralized osteoid accumulation, osteocyte maturity markers (FGF23: early osteocytes; sclerostin: late osteocytes), and osteocyte apoptosis in iliac crest of 11 pediatric dialysis patients before and after 8 months of doxercalciferol therapy. We then evaluated the effect of 1,25(OH)2vitamin D on in vitro maturation and mineralization of primary osteoblasts from dialysis patients. Unmineralized osteoid accumulation decreased while numbers of early (FGF23-expressing) increased in response to doxercalciferol. Osteocyte apoptosis was low but increased with doxercalciferol. Bone FGF23 expression correlated with numbers of early, FGF23-expressing, osteocytes (r = 0.83, p < 0.001). In vitro, 1,25(OH)2vitamin D increased expression of the mature osteoblast marker osteocalcin (BGLAP) but only very high (100 nM) concentrations affected in vitro osteoblast mineralization. High doses (10 and 100 nM) of 1,25(OH)2vitamin D also increased the ratio of RANKL/OPG expression in CKD osteoblasts. Vitamin D sterols directly stimulate osteoblast maturation. They also increase osteocyte turnover and increase osteoblast expression of osteoclast differentiation factors, thus likely modulating osteoblast/osteoclast/osteocyte coupling. By increasing numbers of early osteocytes, vitamin D sterols increase FGF23 expression in CKD bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata C Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America
| | - Richard E Bowen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Laster M, Pereira RC, Salusky IB. Racial differences in bone histomorphometry in children and young adults treated with dialysis. Bone 2019; 127:114-119. [PMID: 31181383 PMCID: PMC6708779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy African-Americans are known to have greater bone mineral density and decreased risk of fracture when compared to Caucasians. In fact, comparisons of bone histomorphometry in healthy South African children and adults reveal greater cortical thickness in Black subjects as compared to White. How these differences are reflected in the bone of American children and young adults on dialysis is unknown. METHODS Using tetracycline-labeled, iliac crest bone biopsies obtained in prior research protocols in pediatric and young adult dialysis patients, we compared trabecular and cortical parameters between non-Hispanic African-American subjects and non-Hispanic Caucasian subjects matched by age and gender. A linear regression model controlled for trabecular turnover and mineralization was used to further investigate the association of race with cortical thickness. RESULTS The matched cohort consisted of 52 subjects-26 African-American and 26 Caucasian. Turnover, mineralization and volume parameters in trabecular bone did not show significant differences between racial groups. Characterizing subjects by renal osteodystrophy type did not show a statistically significant difference although Caucasian patients had double the prevalence of mineralization defects. Consistent with this was a trend toward better mineralization parameters in African-Americans including shorter osteoid maturation time and lower osteoid volume. A sub-cohort of patients with cortical measures demonstrated greater median (IQR) cortical thickness in African-Americans (541 μm [354, 694]) than in Caucasians (371 μm [336, 446], p = 0.08). In a linear regression model controlling for trabecular turnover and mineralization, African-American subjects had 36.2% (95% CI 0.28 to 85.1%, p = 0.048) greater cortical thickness as compared to White subjects. There was no significant difference in cortical porosity. CONCLUSIONS Although likely limited by sample size, our findings suggest that, similar to findings in populations of normal children, African-American race in pediatric and young adults on dialysis is associated with greater cortical thickness. Additionally, there was a trend toward greater mineralization defects in Caucasian children. Both findings require further exploration with larger patient samples in order to thoroughly explore these racial differences and the implications on CKD-MBD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marciana Laster
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Renata C Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hanudel MR, Salusky IB, Pereira RC, Wang W, You Z, Nowak KL, Brosnahan GM, Torres VE, Chapman AB, Perrone RD, Steinman TI, Bae KT, Gitomer BY, Chonchol MB. Erythropoietin and Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4:1742-1748. [PMID: 31844811 PMCID: PMC6895647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Renata C Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Zhiying You
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristen L Nowak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Godela M Brosnahan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Arlene B Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ronald D Perrone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Tufts University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Theodore I Steinman
- Department of Medicine and Renal Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyongtae T Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Berenice Y Gitomer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michel B Chonchol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sharma S, Hanudel MR, Ix JH, Salusky IB, Ganz T, Nguyen KL. Elevated Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels Are Associated With Greater Diastolic Dysfunction in ESRD. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4:1748-1751. [PMID: 31844812 PMCID: PMC6895593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sharma
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Veterans Affairs, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pereira RC, Salusky IB, Roschger P, Klaushofer K, Yadin O, Freymiller EG, Bowen R, Delany AM, Fratzl-Zelman N, Wesseling-Perry K. Impaired osteocyte maturation in the pathogenesis of renal osteodystrophy. Kidney Int 2019; 94:1002-1012. [PMID: 30348285 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric renal osteodystrophy is characterized by skeletal mineralization defects, but the role of osteoblast and osteocyte maturation in the pathogenesis of these defects is unknown. We evaluated markers of osteocyte maturation and programmed cell death in iliac crest biopsy samples from pediatric dialysis patients and healthy controls. We evaluated the relationship between numbers of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-expressing osteocytes and histomorphometric parameters of skeletal mineralization. We confirmed that chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes intrinsic changes in bone cell maturation using an in vitro model of primary osteoblasts from patients with CKD and healthy controls. FGF23 co-localized with the early osteocyte marker E11/gp38, suggesting that FGF23 is a marker of early osteocyte maturation. Increased numbers of early osteocytes and decreased osteocyte apoptosis characterized CKD bone. Numbers of FGF23-expressing osteocytes were highest in patients with preserved skeletal mineralization indices, and packets of matrix surrounding FGF23-expressing osteocytes appeared to have entered secondary mineralization. Primary osteoblasts from patients with CKD retained impaired maturation and mineralization characteristics in vitro. Addition of FGF23 did not affect primary osteoblast mineralization. Thus, CKD is associated with intrinsic changes in osteoblast and osteocyte maturation, and FGF23 appears to mark a relatively early stage in osteocyte maturation. Improved control of renal osteodystrophy and FGF23 excess will require further investigation into the pathogenesis of CKD-mediated osteoblast and osteocyte maturation failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata C Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1(st) Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1(st) Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ora Yadin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Richard Bowen
- Department of Orthopedics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anne M Delany
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1(st) Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Laster M, Soohoo M, Streja E, Elashoff R, Jernigan S, Langman CB, Norris KC, Salusky IB, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Racial-ethnic differences in chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder in youth on dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:107-115. [PMID: 30267239 PMCID: PMC6420309 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in healthy pediatric populations and adults treated with dialysis demonstrate higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in African-Americans. Despite these findings, African-Americans on dialysis demonstrate greater bone strength and a decreased risk of fracture compared to the Caucasian dialysis population. The presence of such differences in children and young adult dialysis patients is unknown. METHODS Differences in the markers of mineral and bone metabolism (MBM) were assessed in 661 incident dialysis patients (aged 1 month to < 21 years). Racial-ethnic differences in PTH, calcium, phosphate, and total alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity were analyzed over the first year of dialysis using multivariate linear mixed models. RESULTS African-American race predicted 23% higher serum PTH (95% CI, 4.7-41.3%) when compared to Caucasian patients, while Hispanic ethnicity predicted 17.5% higher PTH (95% CI, 2.3-38%). Upon gender stratification, the differences in PTH were magnified in African-American and Hispanic females: 38% (95% CI, 14.8-69.8%) and 28.8% (95% CI, 4.7-54.9%) higher PTH compared to Caucasian females. Despite higher PTH values, African-American females persistently demonstrated up to 10.9% lower serum AP activity (95% CI, - 20.6-- 0.7%). CONCLUSIONS There are racial-ethnic differences in the markers of MBM. Higher PTH is seen in African-American and Hispanic children and young adults on dialysis with a magnification of this difference amongst the female population. There is a need to consider how factors like race, ethnicity, and gender impact the goal-targeted treatment of MBM disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marciana Laster
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte, Box 951752, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1752, USA
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Soohoo
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Elani Streja
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Robert Elashoff
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte, Box 951752, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1752, USA
| | - Stephanie Jernigan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Craig B Langman
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and the Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Keith C Norris
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte, Box 951752, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1752, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte, Box 951752, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1752, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We will review non-renal-related mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) pathophysiology. RECENT FINDINGS FGF23 production and metabolism may be affected by many bone, mineral, and kidney factors. However, it has recently been demonstrated that other factors, such as iron status, erythropoietin, and inflammation, also affect FGF23 production and metabolism. As these non-mineral factors are especially relevant in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD), they may represent emerging determinants of CKD-associated elevated FGF23 levels. Moreover, FGF23 itself may promote anemia and inflammation, thus contributing to the multifactorial etiologies of these CKD-associated comorbidities. CKD-relevant, non-mineral-related, bidirectional relationships exist between FGF23 and anemia, and between FGF23 and inflammation. Iron deficiency, anemia, and inflammation affect FGF23 production and metabolism, and FGF23 itself may contribute to anemia and inflammation, highlighting complex interactions that may affect aspects of CKD pathogenesis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hanudel
- UCLA Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, MDCC A2-383, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1752, USA.
| | - Marciana Laster
- UCLA Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, MDCC A2-383, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1752, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- UCLA Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, MDCC A2-383, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1752, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Florenzano P, Ferreira C, Nesterova G, Roberts MS, Tella SH, de Castro LF, Brown SM, Whitaker A, Pereira RC, Bulas D, Gafni RI, Salusky IB, Gahl WA, Collins MT. Skeletal Consequences of Nephropathic Cystinosis. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1870-1880. [PMID: 29905968 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare lysosomal storage disorder. Patients present in the first year of life with renal Fanconi syndrome that evolves to progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the multiple risk factors for bone disease, the frequency and severity of skeletal disorders in nephropathic cystinosis have not been described. We performed systematic bone and mineral evaluations of subjects with cystinosis seen at the NIH (n = 30), including history and physical examination, serum and urine biochemistries, DXA, vertebral fracture assessment, skeletal radiographs, and renal ultrasound. Additionally, histomorphometric analyses are reported on six subjects seen at the UCLA Bone and Mineral Metabolism Clinic. In NIH subjects, mean age was 20 years (range, 5 to 44 years), 60% were CKD stages G1 to G4, and 40% had a renal transplant. Mean bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores were decreased in the femoral neck, total hip, and 1/3 radius (p < 0.05). Low bone mass at one or more sites was present in 46% of subjects. Twenty-seven percent of subjects reported one or more long bone fractures. Thirty-two percent of subjects had incidental vertebral fractures, which were unrelated to transplant status. Long-bone deformity/bowing was present in 64%; 50% had scoliosis. Diffuse osteosclerosis was present in 21% of evaluated subjects. Risk factors included CKD, phosphate wasting, hypercalciuria, secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypovitaminosis D, male hypogonadism, metabolic acidosis, and glucocorticoid/immunosuppressive therapy. Sixty-one percent of the non-transplanted subjects had ultrasonographic evidence of nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis. Histomorphometric analyses showed impaired mineralization in four of six studied subjects. We conclude that skeletal deformities, decreased bone mass, and vertebral fractures are common and relevant complications of nephropathic cystinosis, even before renal transplantation. Efforts to minimize risk factors for skeletal disease include optimizing mineral metabolism and hormonal status, combined with monitoring for nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis. © 2018 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Florenzano
- Section on Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.,Endocrinology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Ferreira
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Galina Nesterova
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Scott Roberts
- Section on Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sri Harsha Tella
- Section on Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luis Fernandez de Castro
- Section on Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sydney M Brown
- Section on Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adom Whitaker
- Section on Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Renata C Pereira
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy Bulas
- Division of Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rachel I Gafni
- Section on Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael T Collins
- Section on Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pereira RC, Jűppner H, Azucena-Serrano CE, Yadin O, Salusky IB, Wesseling-Perry K. Erratum to "Patterns of FGF-23, DMP1, and MEPE expression in patients with chronic kidney disease" [Bone, 45(6) (2009) 1161-1168]. Bone 2018; 108:210-211. [PMID: 29290423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata C Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, A2-383 MDCC, 650 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Harald Jűppner
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos E Azucena-Serrano
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, A2-383 MDCC, 650 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ora Yadin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, A2-383 MDCC, 650 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, A2-383 MDCC, 650 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Katherine Wesseling-Perry
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, A2-383 MDCC, 650 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hanudel MR, Rappaport M, Chua K, Gabayan V, Qiao B, Jung G, Salusky IB, Ganz T, Nemeth E. Levels of the erythropoietin-responsive hormone erythroferrone in mice and humans with chronic kidney disease. Haematologica 2018; 103:e141-e142. [PMID: 29419424 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.181743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maxime Rappaport
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Chua
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Gabayan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Grace Jung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mitsnefes MM, Betoko A, Schneider MF, Salusky IB, Wolf MS, Jüppner H, Warady BA, Furth SL, Portale AA. FGF23 and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:45-52. [PMID: 29025789 PMCID: PMC5753303 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.02110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES High plasma concentration of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adults with CKD, and induces myocardial hypertrophy in experimental CKD. We hypothesized that high FGF23 levels associate with a higher prevalence of LVH in children with CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We performed echocardiograms and measured plasma C-terminal FGF23 concentrations in 587 children with mild-to-moderate CKD enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study. We used linear and logistic regression to analyze the association of plasma FGF23 with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and LVH (LVMI ≥95th percentile), adjusted for demographics, body mass index, eGFR, and CKD-specific factors. We also examined the relationship between FGF23 and LVH by eGFR level. RESULTS Median age was 12 years (interquartile range, 8-15) and eGFR was 50 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (interquartile range, 38-64). Overall prevalence of LVH was 11%. After adjustment for demographics and body mass index, the odds of having LVH was higher by 2.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.28 to 4.97; P<0.01) in participants with FGF23 concentrations ≥170 RU/ml compared with those with FGF23<100 RU/ml, but this association was attenuated after full adjustment. Among participants with eGFR≥45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, the prevalence of LVH was 5.4%, 11.2%, and 15.3% for those with FGF23 <100 RU/ml, 100-169 RU/ml, and ≥170 RU/ml, respectively (Ptrend=0.01). When eGFR was ≥45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, higher FGF23 concentrations were independently associated with LVH (fully adjusted odds ratio, 3.08 in the highest versus lowest FGF23 category; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 9.24; P<0.05; fully adjusted odds ratio, 2.02 per doubling of FGF23; 95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 3.17; P<0.01). By contrast, in participants with eGFR<45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, FGF23 did not associate with LVH. CONCLUSIONS Plasma FGF23 concentration ≥170 RU/ml is an independent predictor of LVH in children with eGFR≥45 ml/min per 1.73 m2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark M. Mitsnefes
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aisha Betoko
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael F. Schneider
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Myles Selig Wolf
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bradley A. Warady
- Section of Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Susan L. Furth
- Division of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Anthony A. Portale
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Demyan L, Harview C, Miller E, Wilkerson L, Salusky IB. Development of a translational research pathway at the David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles. Int J Med Educ 2017; 8:334-335. [PMID: 28949298 PMCID: PMC5712422 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.59ae.c221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmyla Demyan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christina Harview
- David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Emily Miller
- David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - LuAnn Wilkerson
- David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Clinkenbeard EL, Hanudel MR, Stayrook KR, Appaiah HN, Farrow EG, Cass TA, Summers LJ, Ip CS, Hum JM, Thomas JC, Ivan M, Richine BM, Chan RJ, Clemens TL, Schipani E, Sabbagh Y, Xu L, Srour EF, Alvarez MB, Kacena MA, Salusky IB, Ganz T, Nemeth E, White KE. Erythropoietin stimulates murine and human fibroblast growth factor-23, revealing novel roles for bone and bone marrow. Haematologica 2017; 102:e427-e430. [PMID: 28818868 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.167882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Clinkenbeard
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keith R Stayrook
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hitesh Nidumanda Appaiah
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emily G Farrow
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine at Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Taryn A Cass
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lelia J Summers
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Colin S Ip
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julia M Hum
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph C Thomas
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mircea Ivan
- Department of Medicine/Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Briana M Richine
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca J Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University and the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yves Sabbagh
- Rare Diseases, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Linlin Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marta B Alvarez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth E White
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this paper, we review the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), especially as it relates to pediatric CKD patients. RECENT FINDINGS Disordered regulation of bone and mineral metabolism in CKD may result in fractures, skeletal deformities, and poor growth, which is especially relevant for pediatric CKD patients. Moreover, CKD-MBD may result in extra-skeletal calcification and cardiovascular morbidity. Early increases in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels play a key, primary role in CKD-MBD pathogenesis. Therapeutic approaches in pediatric CKD-MBD aim to minimize complications to the growing skeleton and prevent extra-skeletal calcifications, mainly by addressing hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Ongoing clinical trials are focused on assessing the benefit of FGF23 reduction in CKD. CKD-MBD is a systemic disorder that has significant clinical implications. Treatment of CKD-MBD in children requires special consideration in order to maximize growth, optimize skeletal health, and prevent cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, MDCC A2-383, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1752, USA.
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hanudel MR, Froch L, Gales B, Jüppner H, Salusky IB. Fractures and Osteomalacia in a Patient Treated With Frequent Home Hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 70:445-448. [PMID: 28495360 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone deformities and fractures are common consequences of renal osteodystrophy in the dialysis population. Persistent hypophosphatemia may be observed with more frequent home hemodialysis regimens, but the specific effects on the skeleton are unknown. We present a patient with end-stage renal disease treated with frequent home hemodialysis who developed severe bone pain and multiple fractures, including a hip fracture and a tibia-fibula fracture complicated by nonunion, rendering her nonambulatory and wheelchair bound for more than a year. A bone biopsy revealed severe osteomalacia, likely secondary to chronic hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia. Treatment changes included the addition of phosphate to the dialysate, a higher dialysate calcium concentration, and increased calcitriol dose. Several months later, the patient no longer required a wheelchair and was able to ambulate without pain. Repeat bone biopsy revealed marked improvements in bone mineralization and turnover parameters. Also, with increased dialysate phosphate and calcium concentrations, as well as increased calcitriol, circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 levels increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Larry Froch
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Barbara Gales
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Laster M, Soohoo M, Hall C, Streja E, Rhee CM, Ravel VA, Reddy U, Norris KC, Salusky IB, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Racial-ethnic disparities in mortality and kidney transplant outcomes among pediatric dialysis patients. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:685-695. [PMID: 27796622 PMCID: PMC5392236 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies in adult hemodialysis patients have shown that African-American and Hispanic patients have a lower risk of mortality in addition to a lower likelihood of kidney transplantation. However, studies of the association between race and outcomes in pediatric dialysis are sparse and often do not examine outcomes in Hispanic children. The objective was to determine if racial-ethnic disparities in mortality and kidney transplantation outcomes exist in pediatric dialysis patients. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort analysis of 2,697 pediatric dialysis patients (aged 0-20 years) from a large national dialysis organization (entry period 2001-2011) of non-Hispanic white, African-American, and Hispanic race-ethnicity. Associations between race-ethnicity with mortality and kidney transplantation outcomes were examined separately using competing risks methods. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between race-ethnicity, with outcomes within 1 year of dialysis initiation. RESULTS Of the 2,697 pediatric patients in this cohort, 895 were African-American, 778 were Hispanic, and 1,024 were non-Hispanic white. After adjusting for baseline demographics, competing risk survival analysis revealed that compared with non-Hispanic whites, African-Americans had a 64 % higher mortality risk (hazards ratio [HR] = 1.64; 95 % CI 1.24-2.17), whereas Hispanics had a 31 % lower mortality risk (HR = 0.69; 95 % CI 0.47-1.01) that did not reach statistical significance. African-Americans also had higher odds of 1-year mortality after starting dialysis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08; 95 % CI 0.95-4.58), whereas both African-Americans and Hispanics had a lower odds of receiving a transplant within 1 year of starting dialysis (OR = 0.28; 95 % CI 0.19-0.41 and OR = 0.43; 95 % CI 0.31-0.59 respectively). CONCLUSION In contrast to adults, African-American pediatric dialysis patients have worse survival than their non-Hispanic white counterparts, whereas Hispanics have a similar to lower mortality risk. Both African-American and Hispanic pediatric dialysis patients had a lower likelihood of kidney transplantation than non-Hispanic whites, similar to observations in the adult dialysis population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marciana Laster
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Soohoo
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, City Tower, Suite 400, ZOT: 4088, Orange, CA, 92868-3217, USA
| | - Clinton Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elani Streja
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, City Tower, Suite 400, ZOT: 4088, Orange, CA, 92868-3217, USA
| | - Connie M Rhee
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, City Tower, Suite 400, ZOT: 4088, Orange, CA, 92868-3217, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa A Ravel
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, City Tower, Suite 400, ZOT: 4088, Orange, CA, 92868-3217, USA
| | - Uttam Reddy
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Keith C Norris
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, City Tower, Suite 400, ZOT: 4088, Orange, CA, 92868-3217, USA.
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hanudel MR, Chua K, Rappaport M, Gabayan V, Valore E, Goltzman D, Ganz T, Nemeth E, Salusky IB. Effects of dietary iron intake and chronic kidney disease on fibroblast growth factor 23 metabolism in wild-type and hepcidin knockout mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1369-F1377. [PMID: 27733366 PMCID: PMC5210202 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00281.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the setting of normal kidney function, iron deficiency is associated with increased FGF23 production and cleavage, altering circulating FGF23 levels. Our objective was to determine how chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dietary iron intake affect FGF23 production and metabolism in wild-type (WT) and hepcidin knockout (HKO) mice. For 8 wk, the mice were fed diets that contained adenine (to induce CKD) or no adenine (control group), with either low-iron (4 ppm) or standard-iron (335 ppm) concentrations. The low-iron diet induced iron deficiency anemia in both the WT and HKO mice. Among the WT mice, in both the control and CKD groups, a low-iron compared with a standard-iron diet increased bone Fgf23 mRNA expression, C-terminal FGF23 (cFGF23) levels, and FGF23 cleavage as manifested by a lower percentage intact FGF23 (iFGF23). Independent of iron status, CKD was associated with inhibition of FGF23 cleavage. Similar results were observed in the HKO control and CKD groups. Dietary iron content was more influential on FGF23 parameters than the presence or absence of hepcidin. In the CKD mice (WT and HKO, total n = 42), independent of the effects of serum phosphate, iron deficiency was associated with increased FGF23 production but also greater cleavage, whereas worse kidney function was associated with increased FGF23 production but decreased cleavage. Therefore, in both the WT and HKO mouse models, dietary iron content and CKD affected FGF23 production and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Kristine Chua
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Maxime Rappaport
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Victoria Gabayan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Erika Valore
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hanudel MR, Rappaport M, Gabayan V, Jung G, Salusky IB, Nemeth E, Ganz T, Zaritsky J. Increased serum hepcidin contributes to the anemia of chronic kidney disease in a murine model. Haematologica 2016; 102:e85-e88. [PMID: 27884972 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.150433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maxime Rappaport
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Gabayan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Grace Jung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Zaritsky
- Department of Pediatrics, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Portale AA, Wolf MS, Messinger S, Perwad F, Jüppner H, Warady BA, Furth SL, Salusky IB. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Risk of CKD Progression in Children. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11:1989-1998. [PMID: 27561289 PMCID: PMC5108188 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.02110216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentrations increase early in the course of CKD in children. High FGF23 levels associate with progression of CKD in adults. Whether FGF23 predicts CKD progression in children is unknown. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We tested the hypothesis that high plasma FGF23 is an independent risk factor for CKD progression in 419 children, aged 1-16 years, enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort study. We measured plasma FGF23 concentrations at baseline and determined GFR annually using plasma disappearance of iohexol or the CKiD study estimating equation. We analyzed the association of baseline FGF23 with risk of progression to the composite end point, defined as start of dialysis or kidney transplantation or 50% decline from baseline GFR, adjusted for demographics, baseline GFR, proteinuria, other CKD-specific factors, and other mineral metabolites. RESULTS At enrollment, median age was 11 years [interquartile range (IQR), 8-15], GFR was 44 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (IQR, 33-57), and FGF23 was 132 RU/ml (IQR, 88-200). During a median follow-up of 5.5 years (IQR, 3.5-6.6), 32.5% of children reached the progression end point. Higher FGF23 concentrations were independently associated with higher risk of the composite outcome (fully adjusted hazard ratio, 2.52 in the highest versus lowest FGF23 tertile; 95% confidence interval, 1.44 to 4.39, P=0.002; fully adjusted hazard ratio, 1.33 per doubling of FGF23; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.56, P=0.001). The time to progression was 40% shorter for participants in the highest compared with the lowest FGF23 tertile. In contrast, serum phosphorus, vitamin D metabolites, and parathyroid hormone did not consistently associate with progression in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS High plasma FGF23 is an independent risk factor for CKD progression in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Portale
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Myles S. Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shari Messinger
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Farzana Perwad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bradley A. Warady
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Susan L. Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nguyen KL, Yoshida T, Han F, Ayad I, Reemtsen BL, Salusky IB, Satou GM, Hu P, Finn JP. MRI with ferumoxytol: A single center experience of safety across the age spectrum. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:804-812. [PMID: 27480885 PMCID: PMC5290274 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To summarize our single‐center safety experience with the off‐label use of ferumoxytol for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare the effects of ferumoxytol on monitored physiologic indices in patients under anesthesia with those of gadofosveset trisodium. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients who underwent ferumoxytol‐enhanced (FE) MRI exams were included. Adverse events (AEs) were classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0. In a subgroup of patients examined under general anesthesia, recording of blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and end‐tidal CO2 was performed. A comparable group of 23 patients who underwent gadofosveset‐enhanced (GE) MRI under anesthesia with similar monitoring was also analyzed. Results In all, 217 unique patients, ages 3 days to 94 years, underwent FE‐MRI. No ferumoxytol‐related severe, life‐threatening, or fatal AEs occurred acutely or at follow‐up. Two patients developed ferumoxytol‐related nausea. Between‐group (FE‐ vs. GE‐MRI) comparisons showed no statistical difference in heart rate (P = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 96–113 bpm), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (P = 0.74, 95% CI 44–52 mmHg), oxygen saturation (P = 0.76, 95% CI 94–98%), and end‐tidal CO2 (P = 0.73, 95% CI 31–37 mmHg). No significant change in MAP (P = 0.12, 95% CI 50–58 mmHg) or heart rate (P = 0.25, 95% CI 91–105 bpm) was noted between slow infusion of ferumoxytol (n = 113) vs. bolus injection (n = 104). Conclusion In our single‐center experience, no serious AEs occurred with the diagnostic use of ferumoxytol across a wide spectrum of age, renal function, and indications. Because of the limited sample size, firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the generalizability of our results. Thus, vigilance and monitoring are recommended to mitigate potential rare adverse reactions. Level of Evidence: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:804–812.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Takegawa Yoshida
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ihab Ayad
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian L Reemtsen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gary M Satou
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - J Paul Finn
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pereira RC, Andersen TL, Friedman PA, Tumber N, Salusky IB, Wesseling-Perry K. Correction: Bone Canopies in Pediatric Renal Osteodystrophy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155663. [PMID: 27167735 PMCID: PMC4864315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152871.].
Collapse
|
49
|
Pereira RC, Andersen TL, Friedman PA, Tumber N, Salusky IB, Wesseling-Perry K. Bone Canopies in Pediatric Renal Osteodystrophy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152871. [PMID: 27045269 PMCID: PMC4821625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is characterized by changes in bone turnover, mineralization, and volume that are brought about by alterations in bone resorption and formation. The resorptive and formative surfaces on the cancellous bone are separated from the marrow cavity by canopies consisting of a layer of flat osteoblastic cells. These canopies have been suggested to play a key role in the recruitment of osteoprogenitors during the process of bone remodeling. This study was performed to address the characteristics of the canopies above bone formation and resorption sites and their association with biochemical and bone histomorphometric parameters in 106 pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (stage 2-5) across the spectrum of ROD. Canopies in CKD patients often appeared as thickened multilayered canopies, similar to previous reports in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. This finding contrasts with the thin appearance reported in healthy individuals with normal kidney function. Furthermore, canopies in pediatric CKD patients showed immunoreactivity to the PTH receptor (PTHR1) as well as to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). The number of surfaces with visible canopy coverage was associated with plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, bone formation rate, and the extent of remodeling surfaces. Collectively, these data support the conclusion that canopies respond to the elevated PTH levels in CKD and that they possess the molecular machinery necessary to respond to PTH signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata C. Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Andersen
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology (KCB), Vejle Hospital – Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Peter A. Friedman
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Navdeep Tumber
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine Wesseling-Perry
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hanudel MR, Wesseling-Perry K, Gales B, Ramos G, Campbell V, Ethridge K, Scotti M, Elashoff DA, Alejos J, Reemtsen B, Salusky IB. Effects of acute kidney injury and chronic hypoxemia on fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in pediatric cardiac surgery patients. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:661-9. [PMID: 26525200 PMCID: PMC4766020 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) levels are elevated in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-associated acute kidney injury (AKI); however, it is unknown how much of the circulating FGF23 is intact and bioactive. Hypoxia may induce FGF23 production, yet its impact in humans is unknown. Pediatric cardiac surgery patients have both a high incidence of CPB-associated AKI and a high prevalence of chronic hypoxemia. METHODS We assessed the effects of hypoxemia and CPB-associated AKI on C-terminal FGF23 (cFGF23) and intact FGF23 (iFGF23) levels in 32 pediatric cardiac surgery patients with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Plasma cFGF23 and iFGF23 were measured preoperatively and serially postoperatively. RESULTS Despite normal renal and ventricular function, preoperative cFGF23 levels were high and elevated out of proportion to iFGF23 levels. Preoperative oxygen saturation measurements correlated inversely with FGF23 levels. Preoperative cFGF23 and oxygen saturation both predicted postoperative AKI. Postoperatively, cFGF23 and iFGF23 increased by 2 h postreperfusion; iFGF23 then returned to baseline, but cFGF23 remained elevated through 24 h postreperfusion. Group status (AKI vs. non-AKI) modified the effect of time on changes in iFGF23 levels but not cFGF23 levels. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative cFGF23 may predict CPB-associated kidney dysfunction. Changes over time in cFGF23 and iFGF23 levels post-CPB differ. Chronic hypoxemia may affect FGF23 production in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Barbara Gales
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Georgina Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vicky Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kristen Ethridge
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mary Scotti
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David A. Elashoff
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Juan Alejos
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brian Reemtsen
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|