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Hsiao PY, Huang RY, Huang LW, Chu CL, Dyke TV, Mau LP, Cheng CD, Sung CE, Weng PW, Wu YC, Shieh YS, Cheng WC. MyD88 exacerbates inflammation-induced bone loss by modulating dynamic equilibrium between Th17/Treg cells and subgingival microbiota dysbiosis. J Periodontol 2024; 95:764-777. [PMID: 38523602 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the contribution of myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88 (MyD88) on the differentiation of T helper type 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells and the emerging subgingival microbiota dysbiosis in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced experimental periodontitis. METHODS Alveolar bone loss, infiltrated inflammatory cells, immunostained cells for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were quantified by microcomputerized tomography and histological staining between age- and sex-matched homozygous littermates (wild-type [WT, Myd88+/+] and Myd88-/- on C57BL/6 background). The frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells in cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) and spleen were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine expression in gingival tissues, CLNs, and spleens were studied by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Analysis of the composition of the subgingival microbiome and functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa (FAPROTAX) analysis were performed. RESULTS P. gingivalis-infected Myd88-/- mice showed alleviated bone loss, TRAP+ osteoclasts, and RANKL/OPG ratio compared to WT mice. A significantly higher percentage of Foxp3+CD4+ T cells in infected Myd88-/- CLNs and a higher frequency of RORγt+CD4+ T cells in infected WT mice was noted. Increased IL-10 and IL-17a expressions in gingival tissue at D14-D28 then declined in WT mice, whereas an opposite pattern was observed in Myd88-/- mice. The Myd88-/- mice exhibited characteristic increases in gram-positive species and species having probiotic properties, while gram-negative, anaerobic species were noted in WT mice. FAPROTAX analysis revealed increased aerobic chemoheterotrophy in Myd88-/- mice, whereas anaerobic chemoheterotrophy was noted in WT mice after P. gingivalis infection. CONCLUSIONS MyD88 plays an important role in inflammation-induced bone loss by modulating the dynamic equilibrium between Th17/Treg cells and dysbiosis in P. gingivalis-induced experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yan Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Yeong Huang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Wei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Van Dyke
- Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lian-Ping Mau
- Department of Periodontics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Dan Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-En Sung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Wu
- Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chien Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mohammed MA, Abbas RF, Akram HM. Salivary IL-17 and IL-10 as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Different Stages of Periodontitis in Smoker and Nonsmoker Patients. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:253-264. [PMID: 37172945 PMCID: PMC10959607 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The gold standard in the field of periodontal research currently is to find a valid biomarker that can reliably be used for diagnosing periodontal diseases. Given the limitations of the current diagnostic tools that stall to predict susceptible individuals and determine whether active tissue destruction is occurring, there is an increased urge to develop alternative diagnostic techniques that would compensate for the problems inherited in these available methods, such as measuring levels of biomarkers present in oral fluids such as saliva; so the aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic potential of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-10 to differentiate periodontal health from smoker and nonsmoker periodontitis, and to differentiate among different stages (severities) of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational case-control study was performed on 175 systemically healthy participants grouped into healthy as controls and periodontitis as cases. Periodontitis cases were divided according to the severity into stages I, II, and III, and each of the stages was further subdivided into smokers and nonsmokers patients. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected, clinical parameters were recorded, and salivary levels were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Elevated levels of IL-17 and IL-10 were associated with stage I and II compared with the healthy controls. However, a significant decrease in stage III was observed compared with the control group for both biomarkers. CONCLUSION Salivary IL-17 and IL-10 might be useful for distinguishing periodontal health from periodontitis; however, further research is needed to substantiate their use as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raghad Fadhil Abbas
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hadeel Mazin Akram
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Yuan Y, Zhang H, Gu Q, Xu X, Yu R, Huang H. Analysis of Th-cell subsets in local and systemic environments from experimental periodontitis rats. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:83-92. [PMID: 35863754 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to explore the effect of periodontitis on Th-cell subsets in local and systemic environments. METHODS A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into periodontitis and control groups. Silk ligatures were applied to the mandibular first (M1) molars in the periodontitis group. Inflammation and alveolar bone loss around the M1 molars were analyzed by histological staining and microcomputed tomography. The mRNA expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-17, and IL-10 in the gingiva was measured by qRT-PCR. The proportions of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in the submandibular lymph nodes, peripheral blood, and jaw bone marrow were tested using flow cytometry. RESULTS More inflammatory cells and alveolar bone resorption were found in the periodontitis group, with upregulated mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10. The proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells was significantly elevated in submandibular lymph nodes, and the proportion of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells was significantly elevated in peripheral blood, while the proportion of Th1, Th17, and Treg cells was significantly elevated in jaw bone marrow in the periodontitis group. CONCLUSION This study suggests that periodontitis affects the differentiation of Th-cell subsets in both local and systemic environments, resulting in an increased proportion of proinflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhua Gu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrui Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Runping Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Osthole Inhibits M1 Macrophage Polarization and Attenuates Osteolysis in a Mouse Skull Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:2975193. [PMID: 36686380 PMCID: PMC9851800 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2975193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption due to increased inflammatory factors is a common feature of inflammatory lytic bone diseases. This group of diseases is effectively treated with drugs. In recent years, many studies have reported that traditional Chinese medicine herbs have substantial effects on inflammation, osteoclast differentiation and maturation, and bone destruction. Herein, we investigated the effects of osthole (OST) on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced macrophage polarization, inflammatory responses, and osteolysis. In vitro, we used immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to confirm whether bone marrow-derived macrophages showed an increased expression of inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-6, iNOS, CCR7, and CD86, in the presence of LPS. However, we found that such expression was suppressed and that the M2 macrophage expression increased in the presence of OST. OST reduced LPS- and RANKL-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production in the bone marrow-derived macrophages. Further, it potently suppressed osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-specific gene expression by suppressing the P38/MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Consistent with the in vitro observations, OST greatly ameliorated LPS-induced bone resorption and modulated the ratio of macrophages at the site of osteolysis. Taken together, OST has great potential for use in the management of osteolytic diseases.
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Dalir Abdolahinia E, Safari Z, Sadat Kachouei SS, Zabeti Jahromi R, Atashkar N, Karbalaeihasanesfahani A, Alipour M, Hashemzadeh N, Sharifi S, Maleki Dizaj S. Cell homing strategy as a promising approach to the vitality of pulp-dentin complexes in endodontic therapy: focus on potential biomaterials. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:1405-1416. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2142466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Safari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Nastaran Atashkar
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mahdieh Alipour
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Hashemzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Potential of Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Maxillofacial and Periodontal Regeneration: A Narrative Review. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:4759492. [PMID: 34795761 PMCID: PMC8594991 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4759492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are one of the most widely studied postnatal stem cell populations and are considered to utilize more frequently in cell-based therapy and cancer. These types of stem cells can undergo multilineage differentiation including blood cells, cardiac cells, and osteogenic cells differentiation, thus providing an alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue engineering and personalized medicine. Despite the ability to reprogram human adult somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in culture which provided a great opportunity and opened the new door for establishing the in vitro disease modeling and generating an unlimited source for cell base therapy, using MSCs for regeneration purposes still have a great chance to cure diseases. In this review, we discuss the important issues in MSCs biology including the origin and functions of MSCs and their application for craniofacial and periodontal tissue regeneration, discuss the potential and clinical applications of this type of stem cells in differentiation to maxillofacial bone and cartilage in vitro, and address important future hopes and challenges in this field.
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Evaluation of Silk Fibroin-RGD-Stem Cell Factor Scaffold Effect on Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation of Stem Cells of Apical Papilla. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6612324. [PMID: 34046070 PMCID: PMC8128554 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6612324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of a silk fibroin-RGD-stem cell factor (SF-RGD-SCF) scaffold on the migration, proliferation, and attachment of stem cells of apical papilla (SCAPs). SF, SF-RGD, SF-SCF, and SF-RGD-SCF scaffolds were prepared, and laser confocal microscopy was used to observe the adhesion and growth status of SCAPs on the scaffolds. Furthermore, the numbers of SCAPs on the scaffolds were counted by a digestion counting method to evaluate their proliferation. Cells on the SF-RGD-SCF scaffold proliferated more than those on the other scaffolds and showed a more obvious tendency to migrate to the scaffold's deep porous structure after 7 d seeding. Live/dead cell staining results showed that almost all the adhered cells were alive after 7 d. Furthermore, cell counting showed that the number of cells on the SF-RGD-SCF scaffold was highest after both 1 and 7 d (P < 0.05). Thus, the SF-RGD-SCF composite is biocompatible and promotes the migration, adhesion, and proliferation of SCAPs, making it of potential use as a scaffold for cell-homing pulp regeneration.
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Gómez Martín C, Martínez Grau G. Use of ImageJ as an image processing method for the assessment of post-surgical bruises. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27:655-667. [PMID: 33511699 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop, through ImageJ, an automated, non-invasive, objective method to analyze images of bruises that allowed quantifying variation in its size overtime for its later use in clinical trials. METHODS The ImageJ software was used to create automated macros that were executed on 38 images of the untreated eyes of 19 patients that participated in a post-marketing, randomized, controlled clinical trial that assessed the efficacy of a cream to reduce post-blepharoplasty minor hematomas. Three image processing systems were used with the macros created with ImageJ: RGB, RGB2, and HSB. The area of the bruises and the percentage of reduction were estimated for each one. Ophthalmologists also reviewed photographs by direct visual examination. RESULTS All three processing systems were useful for identifying the area of the bruise and studying its variation over time. RGB2 results were the most consistent with the direct visual examination conducted by ophthalmologists. CONCLUSION RGB2-automated image processing was considered the most appropriate for bruise analysis and represented an advantage over other manual techniques. However, it will be necessary to test it in clinical trials and other studies with a more significant number of samples and different locations.
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Medara N, Lenzo JC, Walsh KA, Reynolds EC, Darby IB, O'Brien-Simpson NM. A review of T helper 17 cell-related cytokines in serum and saliva in periodontitis. Cytokine 2020; 138:155340. [PMID: 33144024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex underlying immunopathology. Cytokines, as molecular mediators of inflammation, play a role in all stages of disease progression. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are thought to play a role in periodontitis. Th17 cell development and maintenance requires a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, with many of the cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Serum and saliva are easily accessible biofluids which can represent the systemic and local environment to promote the development of Th17 cells. Here we review human clinical studies that investigate IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IFN-γ, sCD40L and TNF-α in serum and saliva in periodontitis. We highlight their putative role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and place them within a wider context of animal and other clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Medara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Jason C Lenzo
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Katrina A Walsh
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Lance Townsend Building, Level 8, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Ivan B Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
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Sun L, Girnary M, Wang L, Jiao Y, Zeng E, Mercer K, Zhang J, Marchesan JT, Yu N, Moss K, Lei YL, Offenbacher S, Zhang S. IL-10 Dampens an IL-17-Mediated Periodontitis-Associated Inflammatory Network. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2177-2191. [PMID: 32169848 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests comprehensive immune profiling represents a highly promising, yet insufficiently tapped approach to identify potentially prognostic signatures for periodontitis. In this report, we agnostically identified a periodontitis-associated inflammatory expression network with multiple biomarkers identified within gingival crevicular fluid samples from study participants by applying principal component analysis. We identified an IL-17-dominated trait that is associated with periodontal disease and is inversely modified by the level of IL-10. IL-10 mitigated chemokine CXCL5 and CXCL1 expressions in IL-17-stimulated peripheral blood monocytic cells and peripheral blood monocytic cell-derived macrophages. Il10-deficient mice presented more bone loss, which was associated with more Il17 and IL-17-mediated chemokine and cytokine expression at the transcriptional levels in comparison with control wild-type mice in both the Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced experimental murine periodontitis and ligature-induced alveolar bone-loss models. The dampening effect of IL-10 on the excessive signaling of IL-17 appeared to be mediated by innate immune cells populations rather than by gingival epithelial cells, which are the major cell target for IL-17 signaling. Additionally, elevated IL-17 response in Il10-deficient mice specifically elicited an M1-skewing macrophage phenotype in the gingiva that was associated with the advanced bone loss in the ligature model. In summary, IL-17 dominated an inflammatory network characteristic of periodontitis, and IL-10 dampens this excessive IL-17-mediated periodontitis trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mustafa Girnary
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Lufei Wang
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yizu Jiao
- Doctor of Dental Surgery Program, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Erliang Zeng
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kyle Mercer
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Julie T Marchesan
- Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ning Yu
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Kevin Moss
- Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Dental Ecology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
| | - Yu L Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Steven Offenbacher
- Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242; .,Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Abstract
The human microbiome project (HMP) promoted further understanding of human oral microbes. However, research on the human oral microbiota has not made as much progress as research on the gut microbiota. Currently, the causal relationship between the oral microbiota and oral diseases remains unclear, and little is known about the link between the oral microbiota and human systemic diseases. To further understand the contribution of the oral microbiota in oral diseases and systemic diseases, a Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD) was established in the US. The HOMD includes 619 taxa in 13 phyla, and most of the microorganisms are from American populations. Due to individual differences in the microbiome, the HOMD does not reflect the Chinese oral microbial status. Herein, we established a new oral microbiome database—the Oral Microbiome Bank of China (OMBC, http://www.sklod.org/ombc). Currently, the OMBC includes information on 289 bacterial strains and 720 clinical samples from the Chinese population, along with lab and clinical information. The OMBC is the first curated description of a Chinese-associated microbiome; it provides tools for use in investigating the role of the oral microbiome in health and diseases, and will give the community abundant data and strain information for future oral microbial studies. A new resource for consolidating oral microbiome data will help researchers explore the relationship between these commensal communities and the health of their hosts. Numerous studies have highlighted apparent connections between alterations in the microbial communities within the human mouth and medical conditions including diabetes and cancer. A recent article from researchers led by Liao Ga at Sichuan University describes the launch of the Oral Microbiome Bank of China, an effort to study such connections by profiling specimens from individuals from across the country. The database currently houses detailed information on 289 bacterial strains and the samples from which they were obtained. The authors are now looking to analyze these data to gain insights into the structure and function of oral ecosystems, and to further expand this database as a resource for Chinese microbiome research.
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Eramo S, Natali A, Pinna R, Milia E. Dental pulp regeneration via cell homing. Int Endod J 2017; 51:405-419. [PMID: 29047120 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The typical treatment for irreversibly inflamed/necrotic pulp tissue is root canal treatment. As an alternative approach, regenerative endodontics aims to regenerate dental pulp-like tissues using two possible strategies: cell transplantation and cell homing. The former requires exogenously transplanted stem cells, complex procedures and high costs; the latter employs the host's endogenous cells to achieve tissue repair/regeneration, which is more clinically translatable. This systematic review examines cell homing for dental pulp regeneration, selecting articles on in vitro experiments, in vivo ectopic transplantation models and in situ pulp revascularization. MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases were electronically searched for articles without limits in publication date. Two reviewers independently screened and included papers according to the predefined selection criteria. The electronic searches identified 46 studies. After title, abstract and full-text examination, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. In vitro data highlighted that multiple cytokines have the capacity to induce migration, proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells. The majority of the in vivo studies obtained regenerated connective pulp-like tissues with neovascularization. In some cases, the samples showed new innervation and new dentine deposition. The in situ pulp revascularization regenerated intracanal pulp-like tissues with neovascularization, innervation and dentine formation. Cell homing strategies for pulp regeneration need further understanding and improvement if they are to become a reliable and effective approach in endodontics. Nevertheless, cell homing currently represents the most clinically viable pathway for dental pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eramo
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Natali
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - E Milia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Ebersole JL, Dawson D, Emecen-Huja P, Nagarajan R, Howard K, Grady ME, Thompson K, Peyyala R, Al-Attar A, Lethbridge K, Kirakodu S, Gonzalez OA. The periodontal war: microbes and immunity. Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:52-115. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Takada A, Matsushita K, Horioka S, Furuichi Y, Sumi Y. Bactericidal effects of 310 nm ultraviolet light-emitting diode irradiation on oral bacteria. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:96. [PMID: 28587675 PMCID: PMC5461700 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet (UV) light is used for phototherapy in dermatology, and UVB light (around 310 nm) is effective for treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In addition, it is known that UVC light (around 265 nm) has a bactericidal effect, but little is known about the bactericidal effect of UVB light. In this study, we examined the bactericidal effects of UVB-light emitting diode (LED) irradiation on oral bacteria to explore the possibility of using a 310 nm UVB-LED irradiation device for treatment of oral infectious diseases. Methods We prepared a UVB (310 nm) LED device for intraoral use to examine bactericidal effects on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sauguinis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum and also to examine the cytotoxicity to a human oral epithelial cell line (Ca9–22). We also examined the production of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide from Ca9–22 cells after irradiation with UVB-LED light. Results Irradiation with the 310 nm UVB-LED at 105 mJ/cm2 showed 30–50% bactericidal activity to oral bacteria, though 17.1 mJ/cm2 irradiation with the 265 nm UVC-LED completely killed the bacteria. Ca9–22 cells were strongly injured by irradiation with the 265 nm UVC-LED but were not harmed by irradiation with the 310 nm UVB-LED. Nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide were produced by Ca9–22 cells with irradiation using the 310 nm UVB-LED. P. gingivalis was killed by applying small amounts of those reactive oxygen species (ROS) in culture, but other bacteria showed low sensitivity to the ROS. Conclusions Narrowband UVB-LED irradiation exhibited a weak bactericidal effect on oral bacteria but showed low toxicity to gingival epithelial cells. Its irradiation also induces the production of ROS from oral epithelial cells and may enhance bactericidal activity to specific periodontopathic bacteria. It may be useful as a new adjunctive therapy for periodontitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0382-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuko Takada
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobestu, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, 747-8511, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, 747-8511, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | - Yasushi Furuichi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobestu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- Department of Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dental Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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15
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França LFC, Vasconcelos ACCG, da Silva FRP, Alves EHP, Carvalho JS, Lenardo DD, de Souza LKM, Barbosa ALR, Medeiros JVR, de Oliveira JS, Vasconcelos DFP. Periodontitis changes renal structures by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:568-576. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe C. França
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piauí; Parnaíba PI Brazil
| | - Any Carolina C. G. Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piauí; Parnaíba PI Brazil
- Medicine School; Education Institute of Parnaiba Valley (IESVAP); Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - Felipe R. P. da Silva
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piauí; Parnaíba PI Brazil
| | - Even H. P. Alves
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piauí; Parnaíba PI Brazil
| | - Joaquina S. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piauí; Parnaíba PI Brazil
| | - David D. Lenardo
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piauí; Parnaíba PI Brazil
| | - Luan K. M. de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX); Federal University of Piauí; Parnaíba PI Brazil
| | - André L. R. Barbosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX); Federal University of Piauí; Parnaíba PI Brazil
| | - Jand-Venes R. Medeiros
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX); Federal University of Piauí; Parnaíba PI Brazil
| | - Jefferson S. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biology and Biochemistry Plants (BIOqPLANT); Federal University of Piauí; Parnaíba PI Brazil
| | - Daniel F. P. Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piauí; Parnaíba PI Brazil
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16
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O’Brien-Simpson NM, Holden JA, Lenzo JC, Tan Y, Brammar GC, Walsh KA, Singleton W, Orth RKH, Slakeski N, Cross KJ, Darby IB, Becher D, Rowe T, Morelli AB, Hammet A, Nash A, Brown A, Ma B, Vingadassalom D, McCluskey J, Kleanthous H, Reynolds EC. A therapeutic Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipain vaccine induces neutralising IgG1 antibodies that protect against experimental periodontitis. NPJ Vaccines 2016; 1:16022. [PMID: 29263860 PMCID: PMC5707886 DOI: 10.1038/npjvaccines.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis infected mice with an established P. gingivalis-specific inflammatory immune response were protected from developing alveolar bone resorption by therapeutic vaccination with a chimera (KAS2-A1) immunogen targeting the major virulence factors of the bacterium, the gingipain proteinases. Protection was characterised by an antigen-specific IgG1 isotype antibody and Th2 cell response. Adoptive transfer of KAS2-A1-specific IgG1 or IgG2 expressing B cells confirmed that IgG1-mediated protection. Furthermore, parenteral or intraoral administration of KAS2-A1-specific polyclonal antibodies protected against the development of P. gingivalis-induced bone resorption. The KAS2-A1-specific antibodies neutralised the gingipains by inhibiting: proteolytic activity, binding to host cells/proteins and co-aggregation with other periodontal bacteria. Combining key gingipain sequences into a chimera vaccine produced an effective therapeutic intervention that protected against P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M O’Brien-Simpson
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James A Holden
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason C Lenzo
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yan Tan
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gail C Brammar
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina A Walsh
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William Singleton
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca K H Orth
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nada Slakeski
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith J Cross
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivan B Darby
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dorit Becher
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tony Rowe
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Hammet
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Nash
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Bing Ma
- Sanofi Pasteur, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Chieruzzi M, Pagano S, Moretti S, Pinna R, Milia E, Torre L, Eramo S. Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering In Dentistry. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6070134. [PMID: 28335262 PMCID: PMC5224610 DOI: 10.3390/nano6070134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The tissue engineering (TE) of dental oral tissue is facing significant changes in clinical treatments in dentistry. TE is based on a stem cell, signaling molecule, and scaffold triad that must be known and calibrated with attention to specific sectors in dentistry. This review article shows a summary of micro- and nanomorphological characteristics of dental tissues, of stem cells available in the oral region, of signaling molecules usable in TE, and of scaffolds available to guide partial or total reconstruction of hard, soft, periodontal, and bone tissues. Some scaffoldless techniques used in TE are also presented. Then actual and future roles of nanotechnologies about TE in dentistry are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manila Chieruzzi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering-UdR INSTM-University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima, 4-05100 Terni, Italy.
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences-University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine-University of Perugia Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Science-University of Sassari viale San Pietro 43/C -07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Egle Milia
- Department of Biomedical Science-University of Sassari viale San Pietro 43/C -07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Torre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering-UdR INSTM-University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima, 4-05100 Terni, Italy.
| | - Stefano Eramo
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences-University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
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18
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Carvalho-Filho PC, Gomes-Filho IS, Meyer R, Olczak T, Xavier MT, Trindade SC. Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis HmuY in Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Periodontitis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7465852. [PMID: 27403039 PMCID: PMC4925967 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7465852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease, with participation of bacterial, environmental, and host factors. It results from synergistic and dysbiotic multispecies microorganisms, critical "keystone pathogens," affecting the whole bacterial community. The purpose of this study was to review the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the immunopathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, with special attention paid to HmuY. The host response during periodontitis involves the innate and adaptive immune system, leading to chronic inflammation and progressive destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. In this proinflammatory process, the ability of P. gingivalis to evade the host immune response and access nutrients in the microenvironment is directly related to its survival, proliferation, and infection. Furthermore, heme is an essential nutrient for development of these bacteria, and HmuY is responsible for its capture from host heme-binding proteins. The inflammatory potential of P. gingivalis HmuY has been shown, including induction of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and CCL2, decreased levels of IL-8, and increased levels of anti-HmuY IgG and IgG1 antibodies in individuals with chronic periodontitis. Therefore, the HmuY protein might be a promising target for therapeutic strategies and for development of diagnostic methods in chronic periodontitis, especially in the case of patients with chronic periodontitis not responding to treatment, monitoring, and maintenance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Carvalho-Filho
- Odontology Course, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, 41150-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - I. S. Gomes-Filho
- Department of Periodontics, Feira de Santana State University, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - R. Meyer
- Department of Biointeraction, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - T. Olczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M. T. Xavier
- Odontology Course, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, 41150-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - S. C. Trindade
- Department of Periodontics, Feira de Santana State University, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
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19
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Akcalı A, Güven Yılmaz S, Lappin DF, Eğrilmez S, Buduneli N. Effect of gingival inflammation on the inflammatory response in patients with idiopathic uveitis. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:637-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Akcalı
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - Suzan Güven Yılmaz
- Department of Ophthalmology; Faculty of Medicine; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - David F. Lappin
- Infection and Immunity Group; Dental Hospital and School; School of Medicine; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - Sait Eğrilmez
- Department of Ophthalmology; Faculty of Medicine; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
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20
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Michalski MN, Koh AJ, Weidner S, Roca H, McCauley LK. Modulation of Osteoblastic Cell Efferocytosis by Bone Marrow Macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2697-2706. [PMID: 27061191 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis occurs at an extraordinary rate in the human body and the effective clearance of dead cells (efferocytosis) is necessary to maintain homeostasis and promote healing, yet the contribution and impact of this process in bone is unclear. Bone formation requires that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) differentiate into osteoblasts which direct matrix formation and either become osteocytes, bone lining cells, or undergo apoptosis. A series of experiments were performed to identify the regulators and consequences of macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic BMSCs (apBMSCs). Bone marrow derived macrophages treated with the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) exhibited increased efferocytosis of apBMSCs compared to vehicle treated macrophages. Additionally, IL-10 increased anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages (CD206+ ), and further enhanced efferocytosis within the CD206+ population. Stattic, an inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation, reduced the IL-10-mediated shift in M2 macrophage polarization and diminished IL-10-directed efferocytosis of apBMSCs by macrophages implicating the STAT3 signaling pathway. Cell culture supernatants and RNA from macrophages co-cultured with apoptotic bone cells showed increased secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein 1/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and increased ccl2 gene expression. In conclusion, IL-10 increases M2 macrophage polarization and enhances macrophage-mediated engulfment of apBMSCs in a STAT3 phosphorylation-dependent manner. After engulfment of apoptotic bone cells, macrophages secrete TGF-β1 and MCP-1/CCL2, factors which fuel the remodeling process. A better understanding of the role of macrophage efferocytosis as it relates to normal and abnormal bone turnover will provide vital information for future therapeutic approaches to treat bone related diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2697-2706, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Michalski
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Amy J Koh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Savannah Weidner
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Hernan Roca
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109. .,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.
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