1
|
Babina K, Salikhova D, Makeeva I, Zaytsev A, Sokhova I, Musaeva S, Polyakova M, Novozhilova N. A Three-Month Probiotic (the Streptococcus salivarius M18 Strain) Supplementation Decreases Gingival Bleeding and Plaque Accumulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:222. [PMID: 39057009 PMCID: PMC11276176 DOI: 10.3390/dj12070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
S. salivarius M18 administration has been proven to provide positive effects on periodontal health; however, there is still no consensus on the optimum duration of probiotic administration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three months of probiotic supplementation on bleeding on probing, signs of gingival inflammation, and dental biofilm. Sixty-two eligible individuals with gingivitis were enrolled in this placebo-controlled, double-blind trial and randomly allocated to the M18 or control groups. Primary outcomes were changes in gingival condition (gingival index, GI; gingival bleeding index, GBI) after 1, 2, and 3 months of lozenges administration and after a one-month washout. Secondary outcomes included changes in the Quigley-Hein plaque index (modified by Turesky et al.) after 1, 2, and 3 months of lozenges administration and after a washout. In total, 60 individuals completed the study (31 and 29 in the M18 group and the control group, respectively). No severe adverse events were reported. Probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in gingival bleeding at 1 month (effect size 1.09 [CI95%: 0.55-1.63]), 2 months (effect size 0.78 [CI95%: 0.26-1.30]), and 3 months (effect size 0.67 [CI95%: 0.15-1.18]) and a significant reduction in dental plaque accumulation at 2 months (effect size 0.63 [CI95%: 0.12-1.14]) and 3 months (effect size 0.55 [CI95%: 0.03-1.05]). A three-month supplementation with the probiotic resulted in a significant reduction in gingival bleeding and biofilm accumulation; however, a long-lasting effect is not expected, indicating the need for probiotic intake on a long-term basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Babina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Dilara Salikhova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Irina Makeeva
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Alexandr Zaytsev
- Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Inna Sokhova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Sevil Musaeva
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Maria Polyakova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Nina Novozhilova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guarner F, Sanders ME, Szajewska H, Cohen H, Eliakim R, Herrera-deGuise C, Karakan T, Merenstein D, Piscoya A, Ramakrishna B, Salminen S, Melberg J. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines: Probiotics and Prebiotics. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:533-553. [PMID: 38885083 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000002002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jim Melberg
- World Gastroenterology Organisation, Milwaukee, WI
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beattie RE. Probiotics for oral health: a critical evaluation of bacterial strains. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1430810. [PMID: 38979537 PMCID: PMC11228166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1430810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral health is critical for total body health and well-being; however, little improvement in oral health status has occurred in the U.S. over the past 20 years. Tooth decay and gum disease remain highly prevalent, with more than 90% and 50% of adults suffering from these conditions, respectively. To combat this lack of improvement, alternative approaches to dental care are now being suggested. One such alternative therapy is probiotics for oral care. In the oral cavity, probiotic strains have been shown to reduce levels of oral pathogens, inhibit the formation of dental caries, and reduce the levels of bacteria that cause halitosis. However, as the oral care probiotic market expands, many products contain bacterial species and strains with no documented health benefits leading to confusion and mistrust among consumers and clinicians. This confusion is enhanced by the regulatory status of probiotic products which puts the onus of safety and efficacy on the manufacturer rather than a central regulatory body. The overarching goal of this review is to provide consumers and clinicians with documented evidence supporting (or refuting) the health benefits of oral care probiotics marketed for sale in the United States. This includes defining what constitutes an oral care probiotic product and a strain level analysis of candidate probiotics from the genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus. Additionally, prebiotics and postbiotics will be discussed. Finally, a set of considerations for consumers and clinicians is provided to empower probiotic product decision making. Together, this review will improve understanding of oral care probiotics marketed in the US for dental professionals and consumers.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jørgensen MR. Pathophysiological microenvironments in oral candidiasis. APMIS 2024. [PMID: 38571459 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Oral candidiasis (OC), a prevalent opportunistic infection of the oral mucosa, presents a considerable health challenge, particularly in individuals with compromised immune responses, advanced age, and local predisposing conditions. A considerable part of the population carries Candida in the oral cavity, but only few develop OC. Therefore, the pathogenesis of OC may depend on factors other than the attributes of the fungus, such as host factors and other predisposing factors. Mucosal trauma and inflammation compromise epithelial integrity, fostering a conducive environment for fungal invasion. Molecular insights into the immunocompromised state reveal dysregulation in innate and adaptive immunity, creating a permissive environment for Candida proliferation. Detailed examination of Candida species (spp.) and their virulence factors uncovers a nuanced understanding beyond traditional C. albicans focus, which embrace diverse Candida spp. and their strategies, influencing adhesion, invasion, immune evasion, and biofilm formation. Understanding the pathophysiological microenvironments in OC is crucial for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. This review aims to unravel the diverse pathophysiological microenvironments influencing OC development focusing on microbial, host, and predisposing factors, and considers Candida resistance to antifungal therapy. The comprehensive approach offers a refined perspective on OC, seeking briefly to identify potential therapeutic targets for future effective management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rose Jørgensen
- Section of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jardini MAN, Pedroso JF, Ferreira CL, Nunes CMM, Reichert CO, Aldin MN, Figueiredo Neto AM, Levy D, Damasceno NRT. Effect of adjuvant probiotic therapy (Lactobacillus reuteri) in the treatment of periodontitis associated with diabetes mellitus: clinical, controlled, and randomized study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:80. [PMID: 38183505 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subgingival instrumentation (SI) with probiotics may be a proposal for the treatment of periodontitis (P), for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The Lactobacillus reuteri probiotic as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of P associated with T2DM was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty diabetic participants diagnosed with P (stage III and IV, grade B) were randomized into SI + Placebo (n = 20): subgingival instrumentation plus placebo lozenges and SI + Probi (n = 20): subgingival instrumentation plus probiotics. Probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), and PISA index were performed at baseline and 30, 90, and 180 days. Cytokine concentration in the gingival crevicular fluid, subgingival biofilm sample, and LDL and HDL subfractions were evaluated. RESULTS In the deep pockets, PD in SI + Probi showed increased values (p = 0.02) compared to SI + Placebo at 90 days. For CAL, SI + Probi showed increased values compared to SI + Placebo, with a significant difference at 30 days (p = 0.03), 90 days (p = 0.02), and 180 days (p = 0.04). At #PD ≥ 7 mm, SI + Probi had a more frequent number of sites (p = 0.03) compared to SI + Placebo only at baseline. For the PISA, SI + Probi showed a significant difference (p = 0.04) compared to SI + Placebo at 90 days. For cytokines, SI + Probi showed higher quantification than SI + Placebo for IL-10 (p < 0.001) at 90 days, IL-12 (p = 0.010) at 90 days, IL-1β (p = 0.035) at 90 days, and IL-8 (p = 0.003) at baseline. SI + Placebo showed higher quantification of IL-1β (p = 0.041) compared to SI + Probi only at 30 days. There was a reduction in all microbial complexes. SI + Probi improved LDL size (246.7 nm vs 260.4 nm; p < 0.001), while large HDL subfractions were reduced aft 180 days of treatment (24.0% vs 20.3%; p = 0.022) when compared with SI + Placebo; this response was dependent of probiotics (1.0 mg/dL vs - 6.2 mg/dL; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Subgingival instrumentation improved the clinical periodontal parameters in patients with T2DM. The use of L. reuteri probiotics had no additional effects compared with the placebo; however, there was a positive effect on the lipoprotein subfraction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Scientific rationale for study: subgingival instrumentation with probiotics may be a proposal for the treatment of periodontitis (P), especially for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS the use of L. reuteri probiotics had no additional effects compared with the placebo; however, there was a positive effect on the lipoprotein subfraction. Practical implications: L. reuteri as an adjunct to subgingival instrumentation may have significant therapeutic implications in dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aparecida Neves Jardini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Institute of Science and Technology of São José Dos Campos, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Fatima Pedroso
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Institute of Science and Technology of São José Dos Campos, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Camilla Magnoni Moretto Nunes
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Institute of Science and Technology of São José Dos Campos, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cadiele Oliana Reichert
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team-LIM-19, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlene Nunez Aldin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Levy
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team-LIM-19, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abramov VM, Kosarev IV, Machulin AV, Priputnevich TV, Deryusheva EI, Panin AN, Chikileva IO, Abashina TN, Melnikov VG, Suzina NE, Nikonov IN, Akhmetzyanova AA, Khlebnikov VS, Sakulin VK, Vasilenko RN, Samoilenko VA, Gordeev AB, Sukhikh GT, Uversky VN, Karlyshev AV. Protective Properties of S-layer Protein 2 from Lactobacillus crispatus 2029 against Candida albicans Infections. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1740. [PMID: 38136611 PMCID: PMC10741940 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, the protective role of the S-layer protein 2 (Slp2) of the vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus 2029 (LC2029) strain against foodborne pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, and Escherichia coli O157:H was demonstrated. We demonstrate the new roles of the Slp2-positive LC2029 strain and soluble Slp2 against C. albicans infections. We show that LC2029 bacteria can adhere to the surface of the cervical epithelial HeLa cells, prevent their contact with C. albicans, and block yeast transition to a pathogenic hyphal form. Surface-bound Slp2 provides the ability for LC2029 to co-aggregate with various C. albicans strains, including clinical isolates. C. albicans-induced necrotizing epithelial damage is reduced by colonization with the Slp2-positive LC2029 strain. Slp2 inhibits the adhesion of various strains of C. albicans to different human epithelial cells, blocks yeast transition to a pathogenic hyphal form, and prevents the colonization and pathogenic infiltration of mucosal barriers. Only Slp2 and LC2029 bacteria stimulate the production of protective human β-defensin 3 in various epithelial cells. These findings support the anti-Candida albicans potential of the probiotic LC2029 strain and Slp2 and form the basis for further research on their ability to prevent and manage invasive Candida infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M. Abramov
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia (A.N.P.)
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V. Kosarev
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia (A.N.P.)
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Machulin
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Priputnevich
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia I. Deryusheva
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Panin
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia (A.N.P.)
| | - Irina O. Chikileva
- Laboratory of Cell Immunity, Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health RF, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatiana N. Abashina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav G. Melnikov
- Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya E. Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ilia N. Nikonov
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology Named after K.I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Akhmetzyanova
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia (A.N.P.)
| | | | - Vadim K. Sakulin
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, 142380 Lyubuchany, Russia (R.N.V.)
| | - Raisa N. Vasilenko
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, 142380 Lyubuchany, Russia (R.N.V.)
| | - Vladimir A. Samoilenko
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexey B. Gordeev
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Andrey V. Karlyshev
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Araujo LDC, da Silva RAB, Silva CMPC, Salvador SLS, Messora MR, Furlaneto FAC, Mastrange MDA, Pucinelli CM, da Silva LAB. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 has antimicrobial activity against endodontic pathogens in vitro. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2289-2295. [PMID: 37632683 PMCID: PMC10484865 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in vitro, the antimicrobial activity of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, through the well technique, against 10 microorganisms can be found involved in endodontic infections. The antimicrobial activity of the probiotic was performed on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia. For the control group, it was used non-pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Kocuria rizhopilla. After 48 to 72 h of incubation of the petri dishes containing the culture medium, the microorganism strains, and the probiotic, the plates were examined to assess the uniformity of microbial growth, presence of contaminants, and the halo of inhibition. After visual inspection, the reading of the halo of inhibition was performed with the aid of a digital caliper using a reflected light source to illuminate the inverted plate on a black, opaque background after removing the cap. Thus, 3 values were obtained from each bacterial inoculum, which were added and divided by three to obtain the average of the values. The results of the in vitro study demonstrated that the probiotic B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019 promoted the inhibition of all strains of the pathogens evaluated, with the exception of Candida albicans, demonstrating antimicrobial activity on these microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Danielly Curcino Araujo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Luiz Sousa Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Chaves Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marina Del Arco Mastrange
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Maschietto Pucinelli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poon Y, Hui M. Inhibitory effect of lactobacilli supernatants on biofilm and filamentation of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1105949. [PMID: 36860488 PMCID: PMC9969145 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1105949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotic Lactobacillus strains had been investigated for the potential to protect against infection caused by the major fungal pathogen of human, Candida albicans. Besides antifungal activity, lactobacilli demonstrated a promising inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and filamentation of C. albicans. On the other hand, two commonly isolated non-albicans Candida species, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, have similar characteristics in filamentation and biofilm formation with C. albicans. However, there is scant information of the effect of lactobacilli on the two species. Methods In this study, biofilm inhibitory effects of L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103, L. plantarum ATCC 8014, and L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 were tested on the reference strain C. albicans SC5314 and six bloodstream isolated clinical strains, two each of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. Results and Discussion Cell-free culture supernatants (CFSs) of L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum significantly inhibited in vitro biofilm growth of C. albicans and C. tropicalis. L. acidophilus, conversely, had little effect on C. albicans and C. tropicalis but was more effective on inhibiting C. parapsilosis biofilms. Neutralized L. rhamnosus CFS at pH 7 retained the inhibitory effect, suggesting that exometabolites other than lactic acid produced by the Lactobacillus strain might be accounted for the effect. Furthermore, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum CFSs on the filamentation of C. albicans and C. tropicalis strains. Significantly less Candida filaments were observed after co-incubating with CFSs under hyphae-inducing conditions. Expressions of six biofilm-related genes (ALS1, ALS3, BCR1, EFG1, TEC1, and UME6 in C. albicans and corresponding orthologs in C. tropicalis) in biofilms co-incubated with CFSs were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. When compared to untreated control, the expressions of ALS1, ALS3, EFG1, and TEC1 genes were downregulated in C. albicans biofilm. In C. tropicalis biofilms, ALS3 and UME6 were downregulated while TEC1 was upregulated. Taken together, the L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum strains demonstrated an inhibitory effect, which is likely mediated by the metabolites secreted into culture medium, on filamentation and biofilm formation of C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Our finding suggested an alternative to antifungals for controlling Candida biofilm.
Collapse
|
9
|
Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Clinical Isolates from Children with Early Childhood Caries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032991. [PMID: 36769313 PMCID: PMC9917570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics interfere with pathogenic microorganisms or reinstate the natural microbiome. Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are well-known emerging pathogenic bacteria/fungi for dental caries. In this study, three probiotic Lactobacilli strains (Lactobacillus plantarum 8014, L. plantarum 14917, and Lactobacillus salivarius 11741) were tested on S. mutans and C. albicans clinical isolates using a multispecies biofilm model simulating clinical cariogenic conditions. The ten pairs of clinical isolates of S. mutans and C. albicans were obtained from children with severe early childhood caries. Our study findings show a remarkable inhibitory effect of L. plantarum 14917 on S. mutans and C. albicans clinical isolates, resulting in significantly reduced growth of S. mutans and C. albicans, a compromised biofilm structure with a significantly smaller microbial and extracellular matrix and a less virulent microcolony structure. FurTre, plantaricin, an antimicrobial peptide produced by L. plantarum, inhibited the growth of S. mutans and C. albicans. The mechanistic assessment indicated that L. plantarum 14917 had a positive inhibitory impact on the expression of S. mutans and C. albicans virulence genes and virulent structure, such as C. albicans hypha formation. Future utilization of L. plantarum 14917 and/or its antimicrobial peptide plantaricin could lead to a new paradigm shift in dental caries prevention.
Collapse
|
10
|
Current Infections of the Orofacial Region: Treatment, Diagnosis, and Epidemiology. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020269. [PMID: 36836626 PMCID: PMC9966653 DOI: 10.3390/life13020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Undoubtedly, diagnosing and managing infections is one of the most challenging issues for orofacial clinicians. As a result of the diversity of symptoms, complicated behavior, and sometimes confusing nature of these conditions, it has become increasingly difficult to diagnose and treat them. It also highlights the need to gain a deeper insight into the orofacial microbiome as we try to improve our understanding of it. In addition to changes in patients' lifestyles, such as changes in diet, smoking habits, sexual practices, immunosuppressive conditions, and occupational exposures, there have been changes in patients' lifestyles that complicate the issue. Recent years have seen the development of new infection treatments due to the increased knowledge about the biology and physiology of infections. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the types of infections in the mouth, including the types that viruses, fungi, or bacteria may cause. It is important to note that we searched the published literature in the Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochran databases from 2010 to 2021 using the following keywords: "Orofacial/Oral Infections," "Viral/Fungal/Bacterial Infections", "Oral Microbiota" And "Oral Microflora" without limiting our search to languages and study designs. According to the evidence, the most common infections in the clinic include herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus, Actinomycosis, and Streptococcus mutans. The purpose of this study is to review the new findings on characteristics, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and new treatment for these types of infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
11
|
Homayouni Rad A, Pourjafar H, Mirzakhani E. A comprehensive review of the application of probiotics and postbiotics in oral health. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1120995. [PMID: 36968114 PMCID: PMC10031100 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1120995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common diseases around the world that people usually suffer from during their lifetime. Tooth decay is a multifactorial disease, and the composition of oral microbiota is a critical factor in its development. Also, Streptococcus mutans is considered the most important caries-causing species. It is expected that probiotics, as they adjust the intestinal microbiota and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in the human intestine, can exert their health-giving effects, especially the anti-pathogenic effect, in the oral cavity, which is part of the human gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted on the role of probiotics in the prevention of tooth decay. In this review, while investigating the effect of different strains of probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria on oral diseases, including dental caries, candida yeast infections, periodontal diseases, and halitosis, we have also discussed postbiotics as novel non-living biological compounds derived from probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Esmaeel Mirzakhani, ; Hadi Pourjafar,
| | - Esmaeel Mirzakhani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Esmaeel Mirzakhani, ; Hadi Pourjafar,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kijima S, Suzuki N, Hanioka T, Yoneda M, Tanabe K, Hirofuji T. Application of Lactobaillus salivarius WB21 to the Oral Care of Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Comparative Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091422. [PMID: 36143458 PMCID: PMC9503351 DOI: 10.3390/life12091422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover comparative study was conducted in a healthy older population to assess the usefulness of Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 (WB21) ingestion for oral self-care. Methods: The study population included 33 healthy older individuals who were randomly divided into two groups (A and B). Group A consumed WB21 tablets during the first two months and placebo tablets during the following two months. Group B consumed placebo tablets during the first two months and WB21 tablets during the following two months. Before and after ingestion, oral examination, mouth odor test, and saliva collection were performed a total of four times. In addition, health conditions were obtained from a questionnaire survey at the study’s midpoint. Results: Two people in group A and one person in group B dropped out of the study. Thus, 15 people in group A and 15 people in group B were included in the analysis. Over two months of WB21 ingestion, salivary secretory IgA increased significantly (p = 0.047) and tongue coating score decreased significantly (p = 0.013). The plaque index, bleeding on probing, and mouth odor levels (H2S and CH3SH concentrations) did not change. During the 6-month study period, no caries, deterioration of periodontitis, or changes in oral health or systemic subjective symptoms were observed. Conclusion: Continuous ingestion of WB21-containing tablets may promote self-care of the teeth and mouths of healthy older adults. Trial registration: R000028335 (UMIN-CTR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Kijima
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-801-0411; Fax: +81-92-801-4909
| | - Takashi Hanioka
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
- Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, 1 Hanayashiki-Midorigaoka, Takarazuka 666-0162, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoneda
- Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Tanabe Preservative Dentistry, 2-12-18 Mizutani, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-0041, Japan
| | - Takao Hirofuji
- Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li X, Liu Y, Yang X, Li C, Song Z. The Oral Microbiota: Community Composition, Influencing Factors, Pathogenesis, and Interventions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:895537. [PMID: 35572634 PMCID: PMC9100676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.895537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral cavity provides a habitat for oral microbial communities. The complexity of its anatomical structure, its connectivity to the outside, and its moist environment contribute to the complexity and ecological site specificity of the microbiome colonized therein. Complex endogenous and exogenous factors affect the occurrence and development of the oral microbiota, and maintain it in a dynamic balance. The dysbiotic state, in which the microbial composition is altered and the microecological balance between host and microorganisms is disturbed, can lead to oral and even systemic diseases. In this review, we discuss the current research on the composition of the oral microbiota, the factors influencing it, and its relationships with common oral diseases. We focus on the specificity of the microbiota at different niches in the oral cavity, the communities of the oral microbiome, the mycobiome, and the virome within oral biofilms, and interventions targeting oral pathogens associated with disease. With these data, we aim to extend our understanding of oral microorganisms and provide new ideas for the clinical management of infectious oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xingyou Yang
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chengwen Li
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengwen Li,
| | - Zhangyong Song
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Zhangyong Song,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Archambault LS, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A. Probiotics for Oral Candidiasis: Critical Appraisal of the Evidence and a Path Forward. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:880746. [PMID: 35495563 PMCID: PMC9046664 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.880746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC) is a mucosal fungal infection that is prevalent among patients with compromised immunity. The success of probiotics in treating chronic diseases with a microbial etiology component at other mucosal sites (i.e., gastro-intestinal, genitourinary and alveolar mucosae) has inspired research into the use of probiotics in the treatment of OPC. A growing body of research in vitro and in animal models indicates that some probiotic species and strains have inhibitory activities against Candida albicans growth, morphological switching, and biofilm formation. However, recent review and meta-analysis studies reveal a dearth of human randomized, controlled clinical trials on the efficacy of probiotics to treat or prevent OPC, while the majority of these have not based their selection of probiotic strains or the type of administration on sound pre-clinical evidence. In this mini-review, we assess the state of the field, outline some of the difficulties in translating lab results to clinical efficacy, and make recommendations for future research needed in order to move the field forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Archambault
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schlagenhauf U, Jockel-Schneider Y. Probiotics in the Management of Gingivitis and Periodontitis. A Review. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.708666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the management of intestinal health problems, the targeted use of probiotic microorganisms is a common therapeutic measure with a long-standing tradition. In clinical dentistry however, probiotics-based therapy is still a rather new and developing field, whose usefulness for the control of gingivitis and periodontitis has been questioned by recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews. The purpose of the subsequent descriptive review is to provide an introduction to the concept of probiotic microorganisms and their multifaceted health-promoting interactions with the human host and microbial competitors, followed by a detailed comparison of the results of available controlled clinical trials assessing the use of probiotics in the control of gingival and periodontal inflammations. It aims at contributing to a deeper understanding of the unique capabilities of probiotics to resolve chronic plaque-induced inflammation even in the absence of mechanical plaque control and will discuss how possible misconceptions about the rationale for using probiotics may have led to the present controversies about their usefulness as a therapeutic option.
Collapse
|
16
|
Andrade JC, Kumar S, Kumar A, Černáková L, Rodrigues CF. Application of probiotics in candidiasis management. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8249-8264. [PMID: 34024191 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1926905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Candidiasis (e.g., oral, gastrointestinal, vaginal, urinary tract, systemic) is a worldwide growing problem, since antifungal resistance and immunosuppression states are rising. To address this problem, very few drugs are available for the treatment of Candida spp. infections. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Probiotics have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections due to their safety record and efficacy, however, little is still known about their potential role regarding fungal infections. The purpose of this review is to present an updated summary of the evidence of the antifungal effects of probiotics along with a discussion of their potential use as an alternative/complementary therapy against Candida spp. infections. Thus, we performed a literature search using appropriate keywords ("Probiotic + Candida", "Candidiasis treatment", and "Probiotic + candidiasis") to retrieve relevant studies (both preclinical and clinical) with special emphasis on the works published in the last 5 years. An increasing amount of evidence has shown the potential usefulness of probiotics in the management of oral and vulvovaginal candidiasis in recent years. Among other results, we found that, as for bacterial infections, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces are the most studied and effective genus for this purpose. However, in other areas, particularly in skincandidiaisis, studies are low or lacking. Thus, further investigation is necessary including in vitro and in vivo studies to establish the usefulness of probiotics in the management of candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Andrade
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Lucia Černáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Azad A, Ranjbaran A, Zareshahrabadi Z, Mehrabani D, Zahed Zahedani M, Talebanpour A, Zomorodian K. Protective Effects of the Probiotic Bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus on Candida albicans Morphogenesis and a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:207-217. [PMID: 34083853 PMCID: PMC8163705 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2020.82080.0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral candidiasis is a frequent form of candidiasis, caused by Candida species, in particular, Candida albicans (C. albicans). The transition of C. albicans from yeast to hyphae allows its attachment to epithelial cells, followed by biofilm formation, invasion, and tissue damage. Hence, we investigated the effect of Streptococcus salivarius subspecies thermophilus (S thermophilus) on the growth as well as biofilm and germ-tube formation of C. albicans both in vitro and in vivo in a murine model. Methods This experimental study was performed in the Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, in collaboration with the Central Research Laboratory and the Comparative Biomedical Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran (2017 to 2018). The inhibitory activity of S. thermophilus against Candida species growth was evaluated using the broth microdilution method, and the inhibition of C. albicans biofilm formation was measured using the XTT assay. The inhibition of C. albicans germ-tube formation by S. thermophilus was evaluated using the plate assay and fluorescence microscopy. The experimental activity of the probiotic bacterium was assessed by culture and histopathological methods in six groups of five mice, comprising those treated with four concentrations of probiotics, fluconazole, and distilled water. The one-way analysis of variance, followed by a Tukey post hoc test, was used and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results S. thermophilus inhibited Candida species growth at concentrations of 16 to 512 µg/mL. This probiotic inhibited the formation of C. albicans biofilms and germ tubes in a dose-dependent manner. S. thermophilus significantly reduced the colony-forming units in the mice receiving 30 mg/mL of this probiotic treatment compared with the control group (P=0.024). The histopathological analysis showed that Candida colonization was diminished in the mice following the administration of the probiotic. Conclusion Given the inhibitory activity of S. thermophilus against the growth, transition, and biofilm formation of C. albicans, it could be used in the management of oral candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azita Azad
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ranjbaran
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zareshahrabadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zahed Zahedani
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asana Talebanpour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fujinami W, Nishikawa K, Ozawa S, Hasegawa Y, Takebe J. Correlation between the relative abundance of oral bacteria and Candida albicans in denture and dental plaques. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:175-183. [PMID: 33662564 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The opportunistic fungus Candida albicans is a component of denture plaque and is associated with denture-related stomatitis. Inter-kingdom interactions between C. albicans and bacteria exist in such multi-species biofilms, which may affect the microbial composition of the plaque. This study was performed to investigate the bacterial composition of denture plaques, and the correlation between the relative abundance of these bacteria and C. albicans. METHODS Thirty denture plaque and 16 dental plaque samples were collected from 18 denture wearers (mean age, 80.3 years). After DNA extraction, a meta 16S rDNA amplicon library was constructed using PCR primers targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable region of bacteria. The amplicon was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing, followed by bacterial population analysis. The concentrations of both C. albicans DNA and total bacterial DNA were determined by real-time PCR. The correlation between the relative abundance of each bacterial genus and C. albicans was analyzed through Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS The genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Rothia, and Corynebacterium were found to be more abundant in dentures than in dental plaques. The predominant bacteria in healthcare-associated pneumonia also inhabited denture surfaces. C. albicans was positively correlated with three acidogenic bacteria and negatively correlated with Leptotrichia and pathogens associated with periodontitis and endocarditis. CONCLUSIONS Dentures may be significant reservoirs of pathogens causing aspiration pneumonia. Bacteria showing negative correlation with C. albicans, such as Leptotrichia, may be useful for controlling the growth of C. albicans in antifungal therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Fujinami
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hasegawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Jun Takebe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bourdillon AT, Edwards HA. Review of probiotic use in otolaryngology. Am J Otolaryngol 2021; 42:102883. [PMID: 33453564 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probiotics have garnered considerable attention as an intervention for various conditions common to otolaryngology. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature to offer recommendations about the safety and efficacy of probiotic management in otolaryngologic conditions. STUDY DESIGN Narrative review. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were queried using pertinent keywords to retrieve relevant studies with particular focus in the recent 5 years. All abstracts were assessed and studies, reviews and meta-analyses achieving evaluation of probiotic therapies or characterization of microbiome changes were included for further review. Studies were categorized by condition or anatomic region across various subspecialties. Key data parameters were extracted and evaluated across studies and treatment types. RESULTS Strong evidence exists for the use probiotic agents to improve symptoms for allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and certain dental conditions. Despite promising results, further investigation is needed to evaluate and optimize probiotic delivery for mitigating otitis media, oropharyngeal inflammation and upper respiratory tract infections. Preclinical studies suggest that probiotics may potentially offer benefit for voice prosthesis maintenance, wound healing and mitigation of oral dysplasia. CONCLUSION Probiotic therapies may offer clinical benefit in a variety of contexts within the field of otolaryngology, especially for short-term relief of certain inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity, auditory and nasal cavities. Further investigation is warranted for evaluation of long-term outcomes and pathogenic deterrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Bourdillon
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
| | - Heather A Edwards
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mucoadhesive wafers for buccal delivery of probiotic bacteria: Mechanical properties and enumeration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
21
|
Ale EC, Binetti AG. Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in the Elderly: Insights Into Their Applications. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631254. [PMID: 33584631 PMCID: PMC7876055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly people are an important part of the global population who suffer from the natural processes of senescence, which lead to changes in the gut microbiota composition. These modifications have a great impact on their quality of life, bringing a general putrefactive and inflammatory status as a consequence. Some of the most frequent conditions related to this status are constipation, undernutrition, neurodegenerative diseases, susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens, and metabolic disbalance, among others. For these reasons, there is an increasing interest in improving their quality of life by non-invasive treatments such as the consumption of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. The aim of the present mini-review is to describe the benefits of these functional supplements/food according to the most recent clinical and pre-clinical studies published during the last decade. In addition, insights into several aspects we consider relevant to improve the quality of future studies are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa C Ale
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Ingeniería Química (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana G Binetti
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Ingeniería Química (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jayanama K, Theou O. Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Frailty and Ageing: A Narrative Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:183-192. [PMID: 31750806 DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666191120124548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the population over the age of 60 is growing fast, but people age in different ways. Frailty, shown by the accumulation of age-related deficits, is a state of increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes among people of the same chronological age. Ageing results in a decline in diversity and homeostasis of microbiomes, and gut flora changes are related to health deficit accumulation and adverse health outcomes. In older people, health deficits including inappropriate intake, sarcopenia, physical inactivity, polypharmacy, and social vulnerability are factors associated with gut dysbiosis. The use of probiotics and prebiotics is a cost-effective and widely available intervention. Intake of probiotics and prebiotics may improve the homeostasis of gut microflora and prevent frailty and unhealthy aging. However, health effects vary among probiotics and prebiotics and among individual populations. This narrative review summarizes recent evidence about the relationship between prebiotic and probiotic consumption with health outcomes in older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kulapong Jayanama
- Physiotherapy and Medicine, Dalhousie University & Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Olga Theou
- Physiotherapy and Medicine, Dalhousie University & Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Antagonistic effect of isolated and commercially available probiotics on the growth of Candida albicans on acrylic resin denture surfaces. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 127:338-344. [PMID: 33250196 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Biofilms can be retained on dental prostheses leading to the development of infections. The indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs can result in the development of microorganisms that are resistant to these antimicrobial agents. Whether probiotics are a suitable alternative for reducing the prevalence of oral candidiasis is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of 6 different live strains of probiotics and 2 commercially available probiotic supplements used for inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans biofilm in heat-polymerized acrylic resin denture base material and to determine whether biofilm byproducts modify the surface of specimens. MATERIAL AND METHODS Biofilms of C. albicans were formed on acrylic resin specimens in the presence of probiotics and quantified by colony-forming units (CFUs), and the surface roughness (Ra) of the specimens was assessed before and after the formation of biofilms. The CFU and roughness data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the Tukey HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS A significant decrease in the number (CFU/mL) of C. albicans cells was found when they were cultured with 4 probiotics: B. lactis (P=.045), B. longum (P<.001), L. casei (P<.001), and L. helveticus (P<.001) and with the commercially available probiotic Prolive (P=.05). The Ra of specimens decreased after exposure to different microbial biofilms (P≤.05) except in 3 experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS In general, the tested probiotics had an antagonistic effect on the growth of C. albicans, and the surface of acrylic resin was altered after exposure to biofilm byproducts.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rose Jørgensen M, Thestrup Rikvold P, Lichtenberg M, Østrup Jensen P, Kragelund C, Twetman S. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains of oral and vaginal origin show strong antifungal activity in vitro. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1832832. [PMID: 33178403 PMCID: PMC7594750 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1832832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intake of probiotic bacteria may prevent oral Candida infection. Objective: To screen the antifungal activity of 14 Lactobacillus candidate strains of human origin, against six opportunistic C. albicans and non-albicans species. A second aim was to study the acid production of the four strains showing the strongest antifungal activity. Methods: We used an agar overlay growth inhibition assay to the assess the antifungal activity of the lactobacilli. The acid-producing capacity was measured with pH micro-sensors. Results: All 14 Lactobacillus candidates inhibited the growth of the Candida spp. The four best-performing strains were L. rhamnosus DSM 32992 (oral origin), L. rhamnosus DSM 32991 (oral), L. jensenii 22B42 (vaginal), and L. rhamnosus PB01 (vaginal). The difference between L. rhamnosus DSM 32992 and the other three strains was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The Candida spp. differed in susceptibility; C. parapsilosis was highly inhibited, while C. krusei was not or slightly inhibited. The oral L. rhamnosus DSM 32992 and DSM 32991 strains showed the lowest pH-values. Conclusion: Screening of probiotic lactobacilli showed significant strain-dependent variations in their antifungal capacity in a pH-dependent mode. Two strains of oral origin were most effective. A further characterization seems justified to elaborate on their probiotic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rose Jørgensen
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Thestrup Rikvold
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Lichtenberg
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Kragelund
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
da Cunha ETS, Figueiredo-Godoi LMA, Santos DH, Carneiro RPCD, do Olival GS, de Barros PP, Narimatsu K, Tilbery CP, Junqueira JC. Oral Colonization by Candida Species in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:983-991. [PMID: 32856162 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Since immune system plays a key role in this disease, patients with MS can present higher risk of infections. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of MS patients in relation to a control group METHODS: In total, 100 individuals were selected: 55 diagnosed with MS and 45 healthy individuals (control group). Saliva samples were collected and seeded in culture media selecting for Candida. Following an incubation period of 48 h, colony-forming units (CFU mL-1) were counted and colonies were isolated for Candida species identification by multiplex PCR. The results were analysed by chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests considering a significance level of 5%. RESULTS Candida spp. were confirmed in the oral cavity of 50.09% patients in the MS group and 35.55% individuals in the control group. In individuals positive for the growth of Candida spp., the median values of Candida colonies were 220 CFU mL-1 for the MS group and 120 CFU mL-1 for the control group. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups for both prevalence and CFU mL-1 count. Of the Candida species identified, 73.91% were C. albicans, 21.73% C. glabrata, 2.17% C. tropicalis, and 2.17% C. krusei. CONCLUSIONS The colonization of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of individuals with multiple sclerosis was higher than in the control group; however these findings were not proven to be statistically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Tomomi Shimabukuro da Cunha
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.,Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo-Godoi
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Patrícia Pimentel de Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Keila Narimatsu
- Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles Peter Tilbery
- Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Probiotics-A complete oral healthcare package. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:462-469. [PMID: 32907783 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are living bacterial cells that have significant therapeutic potential for treating human infectious diseases. There is a huge market for probiotics in the pharmaceutical sector. They have been frequently used to treat the gastrointestinal diseases and improve gut immunity. In this review, the strains currently in use for manufacturing oral probiotic formulations are discussed. The review further recommends the use of probiotics for the control of various oral health disorders, like dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, halitosis, burning mouth syndrome, and oral cancer. Finally, this review also explores the use of various commercial probiotic products in maintaining oral health, their market values, and government acts and regulations that are relevant to the production and marketing of probiotics. Probiotics have tremendous therapeutic potential and more in-depth research must be done on these beneficial bacteria to make them one of the leading drugs in treating oral disorders.
Collapse
|
27
|
Interventions to improve oral health of older people: A scoping review. J Dent 2020; 101:103451. [PMID: 32810577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A range of interventions have been tested to improve oral health of older people. We performed a scoping review to map interventions' aims, outcome measures and findings, and to locate them on different levels of care. DATA We systematically screened for (1) controlled studies on (2) people over 65 years of age, (3) comparing at least two interventions to improve oral health. Interventions were summarized according to their aims and the employed intervention type, mapped on their level of action, and classified as primary/secondary/tertiary prevention. SOURCES Studies retrieved via MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL. STUDY SELECTION Eighty-one studies (published 1997-2019, conducted mainly in high-income countries) were included. Sample sizes varied (n = 24-1987). Follow-up was 0.25-60 months. Most studies (64/81) found a statistically significant benefit of the intervention. A total of 13 different aims were identified, and a range of intervention types employed (e.g. educational interventions, professional oral healthcare, restorative treatment, fluoride application and, generally, dentifrices, mouthwashes, chewing gums/food supplements). Most studies were located on the carer/patient level (56/81 studies) or the system/policy-maker level (44/81). The majority of studies aimed for primary prevention (64/81). CONCLUSIONS Oral health improvement interventions are widely studied. However, study aims, methods and outcome measures are highly heterogeneous, which limits the ability for robust conclusions. Current research focusses on primary prevention on the level of patients/carers or system/policy-maker level. Future studies may want to consider interventions on dentists' level focussing on secondary prevention. These studies should rely on a core set of comprehensive, standardized set of outcome measures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE While specific interventions seem efficacious to improve older people's oral health, the current body of evidence is neither comprehensive (significant gaps exists in relevant levels of the care process) nor comparable enough to draw robust conclusions.
Collapse
|
28
|
Srivastava N, Ellepola K, Venkiteswaran N, Chai LYA, Ohshima T, Seneviratne CJ. Lactobacillus Plantarum 108 Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080478. [PMID: 32759754 PMCID: PMC7459986 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the principal biofilm forming oral pathogen associated with dental caries. Studies have shown that Candida albicans, a commensal oral fungus is capable of forming pathogenic mixed-species biofilms with S. mutans. The treatment of bacterial and fungal infections using conventional antimicrobial agents has become challenging due to the antimicrobial resistance of the biofilm mode of growth. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of secretory components of Lactobacillus plantarum 108, a potentially promising probiotic strain, against S. mutans and C. albicans single and mixed-species biofilms. L. plantarum 108 supernatant inhibited S. mutans and C. albicans single-species biofilms as shown by XTT reduction assay, crystal violet assay, and colony forming units counting. The probiotic supernatant significantly inhibited the S. mutans and C. albicans mixed-species biofilm formation. The pre-formed mixed-species biofilms were also successfully reduced. Confocal microscopy showed poorly developed biofilm architecture in the probiotic supernatant treated biofilms. Moreover, the expression of S. mutans genes associated with glucosyltransferase activity and C. albicans hyphal specific genes (HWP1, ALS1 and ALS3) were down-regulated in the presence of the probiotic supernatant. Altogether, the data demonstrated the capacity of L. plantarum 108 supernatant to inhibit the S. mutans and C. albicans mixed-species biofilms. Herein, we provide a new insight on the potential of probiotic-based strategies to prevent bacterial-fungal mixed-species biofilms associated with dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 11908, Singapore; (N.S.); or (K.E.); (N.V.)
| | - Kassapa Ellepola
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 11908, Singapore; (N.S.); or (K.E.); (N.V.)
- Center of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Nityasri Venkiteswaran
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 11908, Singapore; (N.S.); or (K.E.); (N.V.)
| | - Louis Yi Ann Chai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System and Faculty of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - Tomoko Ohshima
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan;
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, SingHealth Duke NUS Medical School, 5 Second Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168938, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-65767141
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Development of Probiotic Formulations for Oral Candidiasis Prevention: Gellan Gum as a Carrier To Deliver Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02323-19. [PMID: 32253208 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02323-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics might provide an alternative approach for the control of oral candidiasis. However, studies on the antifungal activity of probiotics in the oral cavity are based on the consumption of yogurt or other dietary products, and it is necessary to use appropriate biomaterials and specific strains to obtain probiotic formulations targeted for local oral administration. In this study, we impregnated gellan gum, a natural biopolymer used as a food additive, with a probiotic and investigated its antifungal activity against Candida albicans Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4, a strain recently isolated from the oral cavity of a caries-free individual, was incorporated in several concentrations of gellan gum (0.6% to 1% [wt/vol]). All tested concentrations could incorporate L. paracasei cells while maintaining bacterial viability. Probiotic-gellan gum formulations were stable for 7 days when stored at room temperature or 4°C. Long-term storage of bacterium-impregnated gellan gum was achieved when L. paracasei 28.4 was lyophilized. The probiotic-gellan gum formulations provided a release of L. paracasei cells over 24 h that was sufficient to inhibit the growth of C. albicans, with effects dependent on the cell concentrations incorporated into gellan gum. The probiotic-gellan gum formulations also had inhibitory activity against Candida sp. biofilms by reducing the number of Candida sp. cells (P < 0.0001), decreasing the total biomass (P = 0.0003), and impairing hyphae formation (P = 0.0002), compared to the control group which received no treatment. Interestingly, a probiotic formulation of 1% (wt/vol) gellan gum provided an oral colonization of L. paracasei in mice with approximately 6 log CFU/ml after 10 days. This formulation inhibited C. albicans growth (P < 0.0001), prevented the development of candidiasis lesions (P = 0.0013), and suppressed inflammation (P = 0.0006) compared to the mice not treated in the microscopic analysis of the tongue dorsum. These results indicate that gellan gum is a promising biomaterial and can be used as a carrier system to promote oral colonization for probiotics that prevent oral candidiasis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Schlagenhauf U, Rehder J, Gelbrich G, Jockel‐Schneider Y. Consumption of
Lactobacillus reuteri
‐containing lozenges improves periodontal health in navy sailors at sea: A randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1328-1338. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Götz Gelbrich
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ribeiro F, Rossoni R, Barros P, Santos J, Fugisaki L, Leão M, Junqueira J. Action mechanisms of probiotics on
Candida
spp. and candidiasis prevention: an update. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 129:175-185. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F.C. Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University/UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| | - R.D. Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University/UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| | - P.P. Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University/UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| | - J.D. Santos
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University/UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| | - L.R.O. Fugisaki
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University/UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| | - M.P.V. Leão
- Bioscience Basic Institute University of Taubaté Bom Conselho Taubaté SP Brazil
| | - J.C. Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University/UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mundula T, Ricci F, Barbetta B, Baccini M, Amedei A. Effect of Probiotics on Oral Candidiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102449. [PMID: 31615039 PMCID: PMC6836010 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis (OC) is an increasing health problem due to the introduction of new drugs, population aging, and increasing prevalence of chronic illness. This study systematically reviews the effects of the oral intake of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on Candida spp. counts (colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) in oral and palatal samples. A literature search was conducted. Twelve studies, eight randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and four pre-post studies, resulted as eligible for the meta-analysis, which was performed through a Bayesian random-effects model. All studies analyzed probiotics, and none of them analyzed prebiotics or synbiotics. The treatments effects were measured in terms of odds ratio (OR) of OC (CFU/mL >102, 103, or 104). The meta-analytic OR was 0.71 (95% credibility interval (CrI): 0.37, 1.32), indicating a beneficial effect of treatment; the I2 index was 56.3%. Focusing only on RCTs, the OR was larger and more precise at 0.53 (95% CrI: 0.27, 0.93). The effect of treatment appeared to be larger on denture wearers. Our findings indicate that the intake of probiotics can have a beneficial effect on OC and that the effects could vary according to the patients' characteristics. Due to the presence of medium-high-risk studies, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Mundula
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health. University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Barbetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Rottapharm Biotech, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Michela Baccini
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
- SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), 50134 Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Roselletti E, Sabbatini S, Ballet N, Perito S, Pericolini E, Blasi E, Mosci P, Cayzeele Decherf A, Monari C, Vecchiarelli A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 as a New Therapeutic Agent Against Oropharyngeal Candidiasis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1469. [PMID: 31354640 PMCID: PMC6637852 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a common opportunistic mucosal infection of the oral cavity, mainly caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans. This infection can inhibit nutritional intakes and strongly affect quality of life. To date, standard therapeutic strategies involving the administration of antifungal drugs can bring several side effects, not least the emergence of drug-resistant strains. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 (live or inactivated cells) against oropharyngeal candidiasis. Our results show that administration of S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 (live or inactivated cells) in the oral cavity of C57BL/6J mice resulted in a protective effect against oropharyngeal candidiasis. The strongest effect was obtained with live S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856. This was related to: (1) a decrease in C. albicans load in the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum; (2) an early resolution of inflammatory process in the tongue; (3) a marked reduction in C. albicans virulence factors; and (4) a consistent increase in neutrophil antimicrobial capacity. These findings suggest that S. cerevisiae products are potentially beneficial in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Roselletti
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuele Sabbatini
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nathalie Ballet
- Lesaffre International, Lesaffre Group, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Stefano Perito
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Blasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Mosci
- Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Monari
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Vecchiarelli
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hu L, Zhou M, Young A, Zhao W, Yan Z. In vivo effectiveness and safety of probiotics on prophylaxis and treatment of oral candidiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:140. [PMID: 31291932 PMCID: PMC6621984 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To systematically review and assess the in vivo effectiveness and safety of probiotics for prophylaxis and treating oral candidiasis. Methods A literature search for studies published in English until August 1, 2018 was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled clinical trials and experimental mouse animal model studies comparing probiotics (at any dosage and in any form) with control groups (placebo, blank control or other agents) and reporting outcomes of the prophylactic and therapeutic effects were considered for inclusion. A descriptive study and, potentially, a meta-analysis were planned. Results Six randomized controlled clinical trials and 5 controlled experiments of mouse animal models were included in the systematic review. Four randomized controlled clinical trials comparing a probiotics group with a placebo/blank control group in 480 elderly and denture wearers were included in the meta-analysis. The overall combined odds ratio of the (random effects) meta-analysis was 0.24 (95% CI =0.09–0.63, P < 0.01). The overall combined odds ratio of the (fixed effects) sensitivity analysis was 0.39 (95% CI =0.25–0.60, P < 0.01) by excluding a study with the smallest sample size. These analyses showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the effect of probiotics compared with the control groups in elderly and denture wearers. The remaining 2 studies compared probiotics with other agents in a population aged 18–75 years and children aged 6–14 years respectively, and were analyzed descriptively. Meta-analysis and descriptive analyses indicated that probiotics were potentially effective in reducing morbidity, improving clinical symptoms and reducing oral Candida counts in oral candidiasis. The biases of the included studies were low or uncertain. The relatively common complaints reported were gastrointestinal discomfort and unpleasant taste, and no severe adverse events were reported. Conclusions Probiotics were superior to the placebo and blank control in preventing and treating oral candidiasis in the elderly and denture wearers. Although probiotics showed a favorable effect in treating oral candidiasis, more evidence is required to warrant their effectiveness when compared with conventional antifungal treatments. Moreover, data on the safety of probiotics are still insufficient, and further research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Hu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Mimi Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Young
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Yan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shenoy A, Gottlieb A. Probiotics for oral and vulvovaginal candidiasis: A review. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e12970. [PMID: 31112355 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dermatologists commonly prescribe medications such as antibiotics and corticosteroids that can increase the risk for candidiasis. Though conventional antifungals are often effective against candidiasis, they are not without side effects and species of Candida are gaining resistance. Probiotics help treat conditions such as post-antibiotic diarrhea and infectious diarrhea, and thus have the potential to help with Candida infections, as well. For this reason, we provide an overview of therapies prescribed in dermatology that may increase the risk for candidiasis, and we review the literature on whether probiotics are useful in the treatment and prevention of oral and vulvovaginal candidiasis to help dermatologists treating the condition be better informed about their supplemental use with conventional antifungals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele Shenoy
- New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York
| | - Alice Gottlieb
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Allonsius CN, Vandenheuvel D, Oerlemans EFM, Petrova MI, Donders GGG, Cos P, Delputte P, Lebeer S. Inhibition of Candida albicans morphogenesis by chitinase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2900. [PMID: 30814593 PMCID: PMC6393446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli have been evaluated as probiotics against Candida infections in several clinical trials, but with variable results. Predicting and understanding the clinical efficacy of Lactobacillus strains is hampered by an overall lack of insights into their modes of action. In this study, we aimed to unravel molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of lactobacilli on hyphal morphogenesis, which is a crucial step in C. albicans virulence. Based on a screening of different Lactobacillus strains, we found that the closely related taxa L. rhamnosus, L. casei and L. paracasei showed stronger activity against Candida hyphae formation compared to other Lactobacillus species tested. By exploring the activity of purified compounds and mutants of the model strain L. rhamnosus GG, the major peptidoglycan hydrolase Msp1, conserved in the three closely related taxa, was identified as a key effector molecule. We could show that this activity of Msp1 was due to its ability to break down chitin, the main polymer in the hyphal cell wall of C. albicans. This identification of a Lactobacillus-specific protein with chitinase activity having anti-hyphal activity will assist in better strain selection and improved application in future clinical trials for Lactobacillus-based Candida-management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Nina Allonsius
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dieter Vandenheuvel
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eline F M Oerlemans
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mariya I Petrova
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gilbert G G Donders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Femicare Clinical Research for Women, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mauro CSI, Garcia S. Coconut milk beverage fermented by Lactobacillus reuteri: optimization process and stability during refrigerated storage. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:854-864. [PMID: 30906043 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the optimal conditions of temperature (31-43 °C) and coconut pulp concentration in water 1:3-1:9 (w/v) for the growth of Lactobacillus reuteri LR 92 or DSM 17938 in coconut milk beverage, using a central composite face centered design. The optimized conditions were used for analysis of the viability during the fermentation process, pH, production of sugars and organic acids by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and reuterin production. Coconut milk provided adequate substrate for L. reuteri growth without supplementation. The optimal parameters for L. reuteri viability were: concentration 1:3 (w/v) and 37 °C for LR 92 and concentration 1:3 (w/v) and 34 °C for DSM 17938. Chemical analysis showed that the naturally occurring sucrose in the matrix (ca. 4.4 g/L) was used for cell multiplication and the strains differed in the production and content of organic acids. After fermentation until pH 4.5 ± 0.1, the samples were stored at 4 °C for 30 days and the final cell viability in coconut milk was 7.55 ± 0.07 log CFU/mL for L. reuteri LR 92 and 8.57 ± 0.09 log CFU/mL for DSM 17938. It was detected 0.15 ± 0.03 mM and 0.14 ± 0.04 mM of reuterin produced by DSM 17938 and LR 92, respectively. L. reuteri DSM 17938 presented a great decrease of pH and post acidification after storage. The LR 92 strain showed low post acidification. These results showed that coconut milk provides adequate matrix for the development of new fermented functional beverages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Garcia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, State University of Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, PR Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Černáková L, Light C, Salehi B, Rogel-Castillo C, Victoriano M, Martorell M, Sharifi-Rad J, Martins N, Rodrigues CF. Novel Therapies for Biofilm-Based Candida spp. Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1214:93-123. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
39
|
Setbo E, Campbell K, O'Cuiv P, Hubbard R. Utility of Probiotics for Maintenance or Improvement of Health Status in Older People - A Scoping Review. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:364-372. [PMID: 30932135 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the available evidence on probiotic use in older adults from human studies. DESIGN systematic review. METHODS The databases Embase, CINAHL and Medline were searched in December of 2017 for studies in humans where probiotics were used to modify a health outcome in older people. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) assessment tool and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool. PARTICIPANTS Subjects aged over sixty years either through specified selection criteria or where the mean participant age was greater than sixty. INTERVENTIONS Probiotic supplements. MEASUREMENTS Pre-specified clinically measurable health outcomes in age related conditions. RESULTS 1210 articles were identified. After quality assessment and selection criteria were applied, 33 articles were identified to be included for review. As these studies cover a variety of applications and used customised protocols accordingly, meta-analysis was not possible and synthesis is in narrative form. CONCLUSIONS A growing body of research has applied commercially available probiotic preparations across care settings for age related conditions including gut dysmotility, osteoporosis, common infectious diseases and cognitive impairment. Although methodologies vary, randomised controlled trials have reproduced results in these areas, and so warrant consideration of probiotics as a low risk adjuvant treatment for specific indications in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Setbo
- Emerald Setbo, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kragelund C, Keller MK. The oral microbiome in oral lichen planus during a 1-year randomized clinical trial. Oral Dis 2018; 25:327-338. [PMID: 30144242 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent studies have investigated the oral bacteriome in oral lichen planus (OLP), but longitudinal changes in microbiome have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To study the bacteriome and mycobiome in OLP over a 1-year period and the impact of topical treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples from 22 symptomatic OLP patients from a double-blinded, randomized intervention study were collected over a 1-year course at five visits. Bacterial and fungal abundances were investigated through lesional cytobrush (CB) and full mouthwash (MW). Initially, all patients received conventional (antimycotic or steroid) and probiotic or placebo treatment. RESULTS The microbial composition differed between the MW and CB samples. During the study period, the microbial composition was individual, with pronounced variability between visits. Patients grouped according to initial conventional treatment. During the study period, unidirectional change in the bacteriome was seen in the antimycotic group, whereas the mycobiome was stable. Malassezia restricta was the most abundant fungus. CONCLUSIONS The microbial composition of MW and CB differs in OLP. CB composition is less influenced by conventional and probiotic intervention. Initial antimycotic treatment influenced the bacteriome during the 1-year period. How the oral microbiome in health and disease is influenced by individual variability of fungi and bacteria, and Malassezia needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Kragelund
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kirstine Keller
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Keller MK, Kragelund C. Randomized pilot study on probiotic effects on recurrent candidiasis in oral lichen planus patients. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1107-1114. [PMID: 29570907 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Some patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) experience recurrent oral candidiasis(OC). Probiotic bacteria have shown to reduce the oral Candida count in vivo. OBJECTIVE To study whether probiotic intervention reduces recurrent OC in patients with OLP. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two patients with symptomatic OLP were enrolled in the double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention study. Lozenges containing Lactobacilli reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo were dissolved intra-orally three times daily for 16 weeks, after which patients were followed up for 36 weeks. Mucosal symptoms, VAS pain, OLP severity score, plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), Candida count/carriage, and OC and/or need for symptomatic treatment were registered. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. RESULTS No difference was observed between the groups during the intervention or follow-up in terms of recurrent OC (p = .966) or need for symptomatic treatment (p = 1.000). There was no difference in terms of Candida count (p = .96) or carriage over time (p = .511). GI decreased in the probiotic group and increased in the placebo group (p = .046). OLP severity score decreased in both groups during the study period (p = .039). Across the entire study period, the placebo group had higher VAS pain score (p = .037). CONCLUSIONS Probiotic intervention did not reduce recurrent OC or Candida count/carriage, but the study experienced recruitment problems, which may have influenced results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Keller
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Kragelund
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The three main oral diseases of humans, that is, caries, periodontal diseases, and oral candidiasis, are associated with microbiome shifts initiated by changes in the oral environment and/or decreased effectiveness of mucosal immune surveillance. In this review, we discuss the role that microbial-based therapies may have in the control of these conditions. Most investigations on the use of microorganisms for management of oral disease have been conducted with probiotic strains with some positive but very discrete clinical outcomes. Other strategies such as whole oral microbiome transplantation or modification of community function by enrichment with health-promoting indigenous oral strains may offer more promise, but research in this field is still in its infancy. Any microbial-based therapeutics for oral conditions, however, are likely to be only one component within a holistic preventive strategy that should also aim at modification of the environmental influences responsible for the initiation and perpetuation of microbiome shifts associated with oral dysbiosis.
Collapse
|
43
|
Cabral DJ, Penumutchu S, Norris C, Morones-Ramirez JR, Belenky P. Microbial competition between Escherichia coli and Candida albicans reveals a soluble fungicidal factor. MICROBIAL CELL 2018; 5:249-255. [PMID: 29796389 PMCID: PMC5961918 DOI: 10.15698/mic2018.05.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Localized and systemic fungal infections caused by Candida albicans can lead to significant mortality and morbidity. However, severe C. albicans infections are relatively rare, occurring mostly in the very young, the very old, and immunocompromised individuals. The fact that these infections are rare is interesting because as much as 80 percent of the population is asymptomatically colonized with C. albicans. It is thought that members of the human microbiota and the immune system work in concert to reduce C. albicans overgrowth through competition and modification of the growth environment. Here, we report that Escherichia coli (strain MG1655) outcompetes and kills C. albicans (strain SC5314) in vitro. We find that E. coli produces a soluble factor that kills C. albicans in a magnesium-dependent fashion such that depletion of available magnesium is essential for toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien J Cabral
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Swathi Penumutchu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Colby Norris
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Bryant University, Smithfield, RI, 02917 USA
| | - Jose Ruben Morones-Ramirez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.,Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotecnologia, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon. 66629
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lopez-Jornet P, Soler Tornero C. Is Lactobacillus reuteri administration beneficial to oral candida levels? Int J Dermatol 2017; 57:e5-e7. [PMID: 29231246 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Lopez-Jornet
- Oral Medicine, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), Clínica Odontológica Universitaria Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Soler Tornero
- Oral Medicine, University Murcia, Clínica Odontológica Universitaria Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lin TH, Lin CH, Pan TM. The implication of probiotics in the prevention of dental caries. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:577-586. [PMID: 29192351 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current oral health crisis, whose causes are varied and complex, necessitates timely oral evaluation and early detection and treatment of oral health problems. Dramatic changes in eating habits and lifestyles are associated with the recent decline in oral health. Probiotics are "good" bacteria that support digestion and a healthy immune system and offer various health benefits to the host. Traditionally, probiotics have been used to improve gut health; the most common uses have historically been as a treatment or prevention of gastrointestinal infections and disease. During the last decade, studies have additionally suggested the intake of probiotics for oral health purposes. Probiotic use provides an effective strategy to combat oral disease, including the development of dental caries and periodontal infection. The aim of this review is to describe the beneficial roles of probiotic bacteria in the oral cavity and the potential mechanisms by which these bacteria exert their effects on oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsing Lin
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, No. 369, Sec. 2, University Road, Taitung City, Taitung County, 95092, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Lin
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, No. 369, Sec. 2, University Road, Taitung City, Taitung County, 95092, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, No. 369, Sec. 2, University Road, Taitung City, Taitung County, 95092, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
A meta -analysis of randomized trials assessing the effects of probiotic preparations on oral candidiasis in the elderly. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:187-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
47
|
Inhibitory effect of probiotic lactobacilli supernatants on single and mixed non-albicans Candida species biofilm. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 85:40-45. [PMID: 29031236 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral candidiasis is one of the most common human fungal infections. While most cases of the Candida species isolated from the oral cavity are Candida albicans, a large number of candidiasis is attributed to non-albicans Candida species. In this study, we aim to evaluate the in vitro inhibition of supernatants of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the single and mixed species biofilm of non-albicans Candida species, including Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. DESIGN Cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were prepared. Single and mixed non-albicans Candida species biofilm were formed in the 96-well microplate and on the surfaces of medical grade silicone. Biomass and cell viability were tested with crystal violet and cell counting kit-8. In order to examine the ability of the supernatant to disrupt pre-formed biofilm, supernatant was added to 24h-old biofilms. Biofilm architecture on silicone was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to examine live/dead organisms within biofilm. RESULTS Single and mixed species biofilms and cell viability of non-albicans Candida biofilms were inhibited by probiotic lactobacilli supernatants. Matrue biofilm formation was disrupted by lactobacilli supernatants added at 24h after biofilm initiation. Examination with confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that lactobacilli supernatants inhibited the mixed biofilms and damaged the cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data elucidate the inhibitory activity of probiotic lactobacilli on non-albicans Candida biofilm, so as to support their utility as an adjunctive therapeutic mode against oral candida infections.
Collapse
|
48
|
Silva HPRD, Koppe B, Brew MC, Sória GS, Bavaresco CS. Approach to the most prevalent oral disorders among the elderly: an integrative review focusing on primary health care. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562017020.160199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: an integrative review of the treatment of oral candidiasis, root caries and xerostomia among the elderly population, focusing on Primary Health Care, was carried out. Method: scientific articles were collected from the MEDLINE/PUBMED database using the keywords "Geriatric dentistry" and "Oral health", crossed with corresponding descriptors, together with specific terms for the pathologies studied, and with “the clinical trial” filter activated. The abstracts of the articles were read by three researchers. Result: oral candidiasis: six randomized clinical trials and one quasi-experimental design study, on the treatment of prosthetic stomatitis by medication and/or the disinfection of dentures by different techniques, were identified; root caries: three randomized clinical trials were included, which tested the use of mouthwash with chlorhexidine solution and oral hygiene instruction associated or otherwise with other drugs; and xerostomia: two articles were analyzed using various medications, and the functional massage of the salivary glands and associated muscles. Conclusion: The results demonstrate a variety of treatment options for the studied clinical situations, although these should be adapted to the characteristics of the services and the population, as standard treatment in Primary Health Care has not been established. Strategies based on soft technologies, such as health education, seem to provide good results. The present study provides additional knowledge for health professionals in search of more resolutive and qualified dental care for the elderly in primary health care.
Collapse
|
49
|
Seminario-Amez M, López-López J, Estrugo-Devesa A, Ayuso-Montero R, Jané-Salas E. Probiotics and oral health: A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e282-e288. [PMID: 28390121 PMCID: PMC5432076 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotics are microorganisms, mainly bacteria, which benefit the host’s health. Many studies support the role of probiotics as a contributor to gastrointestinal health, and nowadays many authors are trying to prove its influence in oral health maintenance. Objectives To review the published literature with the purpose of knowing the importance of using probiotics as a preventive and therapeutic method for oral infectious diseases management. Material and Methods An electronic search in PubMed database with the keywords “oral health AND probiotics AND dentistry” was conducted. The inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assess the action of any probiotic strain in the treatment and / or prevention of an infectious oral disease, RCTs that assess the action of any probiotic strain on counting colony forming units (CFU) of oral pathogens, systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The Jadad scale was used to assess the high quality of RCTs. Results Fifteen articles were considered for this review. Of which, 12 were RCTs of good / high quality (Jadad scale), two meta-analysis and one systematic review. Conclusions The literature reviewed suggests probiotics usage could be beneficial for the maintenance of oral health, due to its ability to decrease the colony forming units (CFU) counts of the oral pathogens. However, randomized clinical trials with long-term follow-up periods are needed to confirm their efficacy in reducing the prevalence/incidence of oral infectious diseases. Furthermore, the recognition of specific strains with probiotic activity for each infectious oral disease is required, in order to determine exact dose, treatment time and ideal vehicles. Key words:Probiotics, periodontal diseases, dental caries, oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Seminario-Amez
- Department of Odontostomatology - School of Dentistry, Pabellón de Gobierno - Bellvitge University Campus, C/Feixa LLarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lin YTJ, Chou CC, Hsu CYS. Effects of Lactobacillus casei Shirota intake on caries risk in children. J Dent Sci 2017; 12:179-184. [PMID: 30895045 PMCID: PMC6395271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Yakult is a well-known probiotic beverage consisting of a single live bacterial species, Lactobacillus casei Shirota. However, the potential cariogenic/cariostatic effects of Yakult intake among children have not been studied yet. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the clinical effects of short-term Yakult intake on oral biofilm acidogenicity, cariogenic bacterial counts, and caries risk in children. Materials and methods Eighteen children, 7–11 years of age, consumed standard Yakult daily for 7 days. Prior to and after intervention, functional oral biofilm acidogenicity characterized by the Stephan curve, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans counts, and caries risk were determined. Results Probiotic intervention demonstrated significant increase in minimum pH from 4.88 to 5.14 (P = 0.02), 18.2% reduction in area under the Stephen curve [area under the curve (AUC)], and 29.3% decrease in pH recovery time, although these two differences were not statistically significant. No difference was observed in S. mutans and Lactobacillus counts or caries risk after intervention (all P > 0.05). However, on subgroup analysis using “reduction of AUC” to separate “responders” from the “nonresponders”, the significant cariostatic effects on oral biofilm acidogenicity, among “responders”, were revealed by an increase in minimum pH (P = 0.005) and a reduction in pH recovery time (P = 0.003). Conclusion There may be a potential cariostatic effect of short-term Yakult intake in reducing functional biofilm acidogenicity in children with certain oral biofilm and risk profile. Further studies may be needed to validate this probiotic effect. Quality risk assessment may be critical prior to prescribing/recommending Yakult as an adjunct caries-preventive treatment for children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yng-Tzer Joseph Lin
- Pediatric Dentistry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chein-Chin Chou
- Pediatric Dentistry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|