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Ferreira LM, Sousa ÁA, Nascimento JP, Oliveira FE, Martelli DR, Oliveira EA, Martelli-Júnior H. Analysis of the citation impact of Brazilian researchers in oral pathology and oral medicine over two decades. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2024; 29:e698-e703. [PMID: 39088714 PMCID: PMC11365047 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.26681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazilian Oral Pathology (OP) and Oral Medicine (OM) have gained significant international recognition. However, no study has yet evaluated the impact of citations in scientific publications. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of citations from Brazilian researchers in OP and OM over the last two decades. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 50 researchers linked to postgraduate programs in OP/OM. Data collected from each professional's Lattes curriculum included gender, academic affiliation, the corporate category of the institution, and location. The number of papers published and citations received between 2004 to 2013 and 2014 to 2023 was also collected from the Web of Science database. RESULTS Most researchers were male (56%) and from public institutions (90%), mainly in the Southeast region (60%). Over two decades, they collectively published 8,033 scientific articles, with significant growth (p<0.001) from to 2004-2013 to 2014-2023. While the average citations per researcher did not differ significantly between 2004-2013 and 2014-2023 (p=0.538), there was a notable 67.67% increase in citations in the last decade. CONCLUSIONS Brazilian researchers in the areas of OP and OM have demonstrated a significant academic impact over the past two decades, with a marked increase in publications and citations over the last ten years. This highlights the contribution of Brazilians to the global scientific community in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-M Ferreira
- Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP Avenida Limeira 901, Areião, Piracicaba Zip code: 13414-900.São Paulo, Brazil
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Braz GL, Figueiredo ADS, Soares AC, Garcia FF, Calderipe CB, Chisini LA, Vasconcelos ACU. Gender inequalities in oral medicine and pathology research: Temporal trends of two decades. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 39165000 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze gender inequities and trends in the authorship of articles published in high-impact factor journals of the field of Oral Medicine and Pathology. METHODS The gender and country of first and last authors were retrieved from original articles published between 2000 and 2022. Poisson regression models and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were performed. RESULTS A total of 6595 studies were analyzed for first authorship, and 6627 for last authorship. Only 39.2% (CI 95% 38.0-40.3) of the first authors and 24.1% (CI 95% 23.1-25.1) of the last authors were females. Females consistently faced underrepresentation throughout the 23-year evaluation. The only region where female first authors are not a minority is Latin America. Having a female as the last author increased the prevalence of females in the first author position by 42% (PR = 1.42, CI 95% [1.30-1.54]). The most important discriminant variable by CART was the first author region. CONCLUSION Although a slight decrease in underrepresentation was noted over the period, after 2020, the gender gap tended to widen for both first and last authors. It is crucial to implement measures aimed at attracting, retaining, and advancing women in the field of science, while also actively monitoring advancements toward achieving gender equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Lima Braz
- Diagnostic Center of Oral Diseases, Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dos Santos Figueiredo
- Diagnostic Center of Oral Diseases, Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alini Cardoso Soares
- Diagnostic Center of Oral Diseases, Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francielli Fernandez Garcia
- Diagnostic Center of Oral Diseases, Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila Barcellos Calderipe
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Campinas State University- UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alexandre Chisini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduation Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Uchoa Vasconcelos
- Diagnostic Center of Oral Diseases, Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Pekin S, Buduneli N, Ellidokuz H, Akcalı A. Gender inequality among the editorial boards of periodontology and implantology journals. Oral Dis 2024; 30:3489-3496. [PMID: 37759358 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate gender composition of the editorial board members of the journals in the field of periodontology and implantology. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rigorous search was performed through Web of Science database to identify journals, scoping on the periodontology and implantology research fields. Data on journal's demographic information, gender of the editorial board members were gathered from the journals fulfilling the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Variables including journal impact factor and quartiles were extracted as well. RESULTS The proportion of women in the editorial team in periodontology journals was 27.3%, whereas it was almost 19% in implantology journals. As for editorial leadership, these ratios were 22.1% and 19.8%, respectively. There were significantly less women than men in editor-in-chief position in periodontology journals (p = 0.042). Journal metrics had no impact on the gender distribution of editor-in-chief positions in both fields. CONCLUSIONS Women seem to be under-represented as editorial leaders or board members in journals of periodontology and implantology. The proportion of women in periodontology journals has increased in the last decade; however, there is still a clear need for further increase to have a gender balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Pekin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hülya Ellidokuz
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aliye Akcalı
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
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Moreno LB, Franco MC, Karam SA, van de Sande FH, Montagner AF. Persistent gender disparity in leading dental publications across 4 decades: an observational study. J Clin Epidemiol 2024; 171:111386. [PMID: 38723780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This observational study assessed the differences in the gender of the first and last authors in the most-cited dental articles over the last 4 decades. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Articles were obtained through an electronic search of the most-cited articles in dentistry by decade (total n = 400 articles). The 100 most-cited studies in each decade (1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009, and 2010-2019), with any study design, with results in dentistry were eligible. The gender of the first and last authors was determined using the Genderize database. Comparative evaluation of gender distribution in general and across the 4 decades was performed with the Chi-square test, and the contribution of variables on the citation rate of articles was performed using linear regression. RESULTS There were statistical differences between the gender distributions, with a predominance of men in the first (83.8%) and the last (86.8%) positions (P < .001). Over the decades, there was a tendency for an increase in the proportion of women as the last author (P = .002; Chi-square trend Test), with an increase of women from 6% to 22% across the last 4 decades. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the genders for the first author in the last 4 decades (P = .163; Chi-square trend Test). CONCLUSION The findings indicate that men lead a large percentage of the most-cited articles in dentistry and that this trend has not shown substantial modifications over the last years. Nonetheless, for the position of last authorship, an increase in women's representativity was observed over the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Christ Franco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Sarah Arangurem Karam
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Professional Master's in Health in the Life Cycle, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Sofi-Mahmudi A, Shamsoddin E, DeTora LM, Bierer BE, Ekmekci PE, Folayan MO, Lii CS, Tovani-Palone MR, Crawley FP. An investigation into gender distributions in scholarly publications among dental faculty members in Iran. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300698. [PMID: 38935641 PMCID: PMC11210791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on gender inequality is crucial as it unveils the pervasive disparities that persist across various domains, shedding light on societal imbalances and providing a foundation for informed policy-making. AIM To investigate gender differences in scientometric indices among faculty members in dental schools across Iran. This included overall data and speciality-specific data. METHODS The publication profiles of academic staff in all dental schools were examined using the Iranian Scientometric Information Database (ISID, http://isid.research.ac.ir). Variables analyzed were working field, academic degree, the total number of papers, papers per year, total number of citations, percentage of self-citation, h-index, g-index, citations per paper, gender, university type, number of years publishing, proportion of international papers, first-author papers, and corresponding-author papers. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests were used to analyze the relationship between background characteristics and scientometric indicators. The extracted data were analyzed using R v4.0.1. RESULTS The database included 1850 faculty members, of which about 60% (1104 of 1850) were women. Men (n = 746) had a higher number of papers (6583 vs. 6255) and citations (60410 vs. 39559) compared with women; 234 of the 376 faculty members with no papers were women. Almost half of the women (N = 517 of 1104) were in Type 2 universities, and nearly half of the men (N = 361 of the 746) were faculty members at Type 1 universities (Type 1 universities ranking higher than Type 2 and 3 universities). The medians of scientometric indices were higher in men, except for self-citation percentage (0 (IQR = 2) vs. 0 (IQR = 3), P = 0.083), international papers percentage (0 (IQR = 7.5) vs. 0 (IQR = 16.7), P<0.001). The proportion of corresponding-author papers was more than 62% higher in women (25 (IQR = 50) vs. 15.4 (IQR = 40), P<0.001). Men had a two-fold higher median h-index (2 (IQR = 4) vs. 1 (IQR = 3), P<0.001). Restorative dentistry and pediatric dentistry had the highest men-to-women ratios (1.5 for both). Dental materials and oral and maxillofacial surgery showed the lowest men-to-women ratios (0.42 and 0.5, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Women made up the majority of dental faculty members in Iran. Nevertheless, men showed better scientometric results in several significant indices. Having identified scientometric information reflecting differences across faculty members, further research is now needed to better understand the drivers of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, National Pain Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Cochrane Iran Associate Centre, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Shamsoddin
- National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Cochrane Iran Associate Centre, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lisa M. DeTora
- Department of Writing Studies and Rhetoric, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States of America
| | - Barbara E. Bierer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Perihan Elif Ekmekci
- Department of History of Medicine and Ethics, TOBB ETU University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ching Shan Lii
- Department of Pharmacy, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Francis P. Crawley
- Good Clinical Practice Alliance-Europe (GCPA) & Strategic Initiative for Developing Capacity in Ethical Review (SIDCER), Leuven, Belgium
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Gottlieb R, Jozaghi E, Chen H, Best AM. Gender equity in The Journal of the American Dental Association: A review of the past 2 plus decades. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:504-513.e1. [PMID: 38713118 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering evidence of closing the gender gap in dental scholarship, this study assessed women's participation as authors, reviewers, and members of the editorial board for The Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA) from 2000 through 2022. METHODS The study authors downloaded author names from PubMed and retrieved names of reviewers and editorial board members from JADA's pages. The authors used Gender-API software to determine gender on the basis of first names. They used logistic regression to test for trends. RESULTS From January 2000 through December 2022, there were 2,935 full-length articles, 2,775 reviewers, 4 editors in chief, and 85 editorial board members. The percentage of women authors increased by 1.2% annually (95% CI, 1.03% to 1.33%), reaching 47% in 2022. First authorship increased by 2.1% annually (95% CI, 1.84% to 2.39%) and has been at more than 50% since 2016. In articles with multiple authors, there was a modest increase; second authorship increased 0.7% annually (95% CI, 0.36% to 1.09%) and last authorship by 0.7% (95% CI, 0.03% to 1.00%). Women reviewers increased 0.8% annually (95% CI, 0.68% to 0.97%), but the percentage of women on the editorial board did not increase significantly and was 41% in 2022. CONCLUSIONS It was anticipated that 50% of JADA authors would be women by 2024. However, women are still underrepresented on the editorial board. A comprehensive effort is needed to foster role models, provide mentorship opportunities for women, and support women's professional advancement in dental research and publications. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Gender-based disparities affect women in dental education and clinical practice. Serving as an editorial board member, reviewer, or author can affect academic promotion and the type of scientific investigation being conducted and indirectly affects women's health outcomes.
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Gatti-Reis L, Silva-Sousa AC, Pordeus IA, Paiva SM, Mattos FF. Dental research related to COVID-19 in Brazil: research presented at the 38th SBPqO Meeting. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e035. [PMID: 38747822 PMCID: PMC11376627 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and describe the characteristics of coronavirus (COVID-19)-disease related dental research in Brazil presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Division of the International Association for Dental Research (SBPqO). A search was carried out in the proceedings of the meeting to retrieve all abstracts. Those containing the term "COVID-19" in titles, abstracts, or keywords, and/or those of which the scope approached a COVID-19-related topic were included. The variables extracted from abstracts were: presenter category, field of study, design, data collection method, population, affiliation, and authors' gender. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The search retrieved 185 abstracts, 5 did not meet study eligibility criteria and were excluded. COVID-19-related research was presented by either aspiring/associate members (67.8%) or beginner members (32.2%). Data collection methods were predominantly digitally mediated (65%), followed by secondary data use (25%), and in-person data collection (7.2%). Irrespective of the role of authorship, there were a ratio of two female authors to each male. Among the last authors, the ratio was three females to each male. Female lead authors more frequently came from the Southeast region (71.8%; p = 0.470). There was an association between presenter category and study design (p = 0.012), clinical and epidemiological studies were more concentrated among experienced presenters. In conclusion, female dental researchers affiliated to southeastern institutions approached the topic of pandemic more frequently than male colleagues. The use of digital technology for data collection may have long-lasting impacts on the teaching and publication of dental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gatti-Reis
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio Freitas Mattos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Dixon J, Field J, Vital S, van Harten M, Roger-Leroi V, Davies J, Manzanares-Cespedes MC, Akota I, Murphy D, Paganelli C, Gerber G, Quinn B, Tubert-Jeannin S. O-HEALTH-EDU: A viewpoint into the current state of Oral Health Professional education in Europe: Part 1: Programme-level data. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2024; 28:591-606. [PMID: 38186364 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current legislation leaves Oral Health Professional (OHP) education open to wide interpretation and may result in significant variation in educational practice and resultant professional attributes across Europe. Data regarding the current state of OHP education across Europe is limited. The aim of Part 1 of this series is to provide programme-level data for Primary Dental Degree Programmes, Dental Hygiene and Postgraduate Education. METHODS A 91-item questionnaire was developed following the Delphi method. The questionnaire and the Articulate glossary of OHP education terms were developed concurrently to facilitate a common understanding of language. Piloting was performed in multiple stages and included institutions internal and external to the research group. The questionnaire was uploaded online and converted to a data hub, allowing dental schools to control their own data and update the data provided whenever they wish. All ADEE member schools (n = 144) were invited to provide data. Forty questions relating to school details, Primary Dental Degree Programmes, Dental Hygiene and Postgraduate Education were included in this part of the series. RESULTS Seventy-one institutions from 25 European countries provided data between June 2021 and April 2023, which represents a response rate of 49.3% of ADEE members. Programme-level data for Primary Dental Degree Programmes, Dental Hygiene and Postgraduate Education is presented including programme length, funding, languages and fees, student numbers and demographics, student admission and selection processes and permission to practice after graduation. CONCLUSION This series of papers, as far as the authors are aware, are the first attempts to build a comprehensive picture of the current state of OHP education in Europe. A comprehensive view of the state of OHP education in Europe is not yet available but the O-Health-Edu data hub provides a means for all education providers in Europe to contribute data to reach this goal. It is anticipated that the data hub will be updated and built upon over time to continually establish a clearer picture of the state of OHP education in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria van Harten
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Association for Dental Education in Europe, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Denis Murphy
- Association for Dental Education in Europe, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Barry Quinn
- Association for Dental Education in Europe, Dublin, Ireland
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Dixon J, Tubert-Jeannin S, Davies J, van Harten M, Roger-Leroi V, Vital S, Paganelli C, Akota I, Manzanares-Cespedes MC, Murphy D, Gerber G, Quinn B, Field J. O-Health-Edu: A viewpoint into the current state of oral health professional education in Europe: Part 2: Curriculum structure, facilities, staffing and quality assurance. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2024; 28:607-620. [PMID: 38258340 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral health professional (OHP) education is likely to vary across Europe in accordance with an EU directive that is open to broad interpretation. It is not clear how OHP curricula are structured or delivered across Europe. The objectives of Part 2 of this paper series are: (i) to provide an overview of common practices in curriculum structure, the availability of facilities, staffing (faculty) and quality assurance processes and (ii) to consider how the existing programme structures align to stakeholder guidance documents. METHODS A total of 27 questions from a 91-item questionnaire were used for this manuscript. The questionnaire was developed following the Delphi method to establish consensus from a group of experts. Members of the research team and colleagues from other countries in Europe completed a multi-step piloting process. An online data hub was created to allow the respondents to be data controllers and respond to the questionnaire. ADEE member schools (n = 144) were invited to provide data. RESULTS Totally, 71 institutions from 25 European countries provided data between June 2021 and April 2023, which represents a response rate of 49.3% of ADEE members. Data on curriculum approaches, teaching methods, integration of topics of interest, clinical education, staff-student ratios, access to facilities and new technologies, teaching staff (faculty) and quality assurance processes are presented for Primary Dental Degree Programmes. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this series of papers are the first attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of OHP education in Europe. Results showed that the majority of European dental programmes are engaged in providing innovative and scientifically grounded education in order to develop quality future OHPs. Nevertheless, significant variability in the delivery of clinical education across the European OHP schools was notable in this dataset. A comprehensive view of the state of OHP education in Europe is not yet available but the O-Health-Edu data hub provides a means for all education providers in Europe to contribute data to reach this goal. It is anticipated that the data hub will be updated and built upon over time to continually establish a clearer picture of the state of OHP education in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria van Harten
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Association for Dental Education in Europe, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Denis Murphy
- Association for Dental Education in Europe, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Barry Quinn
- Association for Dental Education in Europe, Dublin, Ireland
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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10
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Horvath Z, Wilder RS, Guthmiller JM. The power of coaching: Developing leaders and beyond. J Dent Educ 2024; 88 Suppl 1:671-677. [PMID: 38758037 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the application of coaching for career development and supporting faculty in leadership roles has greatly expanded in higher education. Coaching can offer transformational and life-changing experiences, inspire critical reflection in early career decisions, and (re)ignite passion and commitment at all career stages. While coaching focuses on transforming individuals, it also has the potential to impact organizations and professional environments. The power of coaching deserves appropriate recognition within dental education and scholarship. In this article, the authors discuss the potential for career coaching as a tool for developing future leaders in dental education. After differentiating between coaching and mentoring, coaching for professional development is reviewed as an evidence-based approach that can enhance traditional leadership and professional development programs. Although this article was inspired by programming supporting the development of female leaders, coaching applies to all leaders and may be particularly helpful in supporting the development of diverse leaders including but not limited to individuals from different backgrounds, national origins, gender, racial, socioeconomic, and cultural distinctions. After a review of existing coaching initiatives in dental education, a variety of coaching strategies for faculty, staff, and trainees will be described that can be implemented by oral health educational institutions. Examples of coaching strategies range from developing internal coaching programs to contractual agreements with external coaching groups. Step-by-step guidelines are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Horvath
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca S Wilder
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janet M Guthmiller
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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11
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Lalloo R. Gender and geographic diversity of global oral health organisations. Br Dent J 2024:10.1038/s41415-024-7176-3. [PMID: 38438718 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Diversity of leadership of global oral health organisations is critical to ensure a global agenda.Aim To analyse the gender and geographic diversity of global oral health organisations.Methods Publicly available data on the gender of their staff and leadership, and congress locations, were analysed. Gender was allocated from photographs if available, and using Genderize, an online allocation platform. Location of leaders and global congresses were analysed by country, region and World Bank income category. The organisations analysed were the International Association of Dental Research (IADR), FDI World Dental Federation, International Federation of Dental Hygienists (IFDH) and 15 dental specialist global associations.Results The majority of headquarter staff in the IADR (76%) and FDI (84%) are female. Gender diversity in the leadership differs across the various organisations, with recent progress towards gender parity. The IFDH was and is exclusively female-led. The majority of leaders are from high-income countries in Europe and North America. Of the 370 congress locations, 90% were held in high-income countries.Conclusion There is recent progress towards gender diversity in the leadership; however, this leadership is essentially from high-income countries. There is an urgent need to publicly commit to diversity goals and implement strategies to reflect the oral health workforce and be truly diverse and global.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratilal Lalloo
- Associate Professor, Teaching and Research, The University of Queensland, The School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Australia.
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Campus G, Maclennan A, von Hoyningen-Huene J, Wolf TG, Aerden M, Benyahya I, Bonaventura J, Brolese ELK, Linton JL, Gogilashvili K, Marron-Tarrazi I, Ilhan D, Iwasaki M, Grzech-Lesniak K, Perlea P, Thabet N. The Presence of Women in the Dental Profession: A Global Survey. Int Dent J 2024; 74:110-118. [PMID: 37748962 PMCID: PMC10865874 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to acquire knowledge about the female dental workforce, identifying factors to pursue specialty training and career choices and working in dental institutions/associations. METHODS An original online questionnaire was developed, validated (n = 22), and sent to 189 member associations in 133 countries of the Women Dentists Worldwide section of the FDI World Dental Federation. RESULTS In all, 3232 female dentists from 81 countries participated. Results were divided into 5 geographic areas by continent. Difference in proportion amongst questionnaire items was evaluated with χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Ordinal multinomial linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of questionnaire items with total work experience in dentistry (in years), motivation to study dentistry, type of specialisation, working hours per week, perception of female dentists about working hours, sex-based inequalities, job security after maternity leaves, as well as involvement in political organisations within their country of residence and their role in dental associations. A majority of participating female dentists are self-employed (57.7%), and 60.0% have 10 to 30 years of experience. The most popular form of practice is the single private practice (29.7%), followed by the group private practice (28.8%). Further, 44.8% work 31 to 40 h/wk, 29.1% part-time up to 30 h/wk, and 26.0% more than 40 h/wk. CONCLUSIONS Women are still poorly represented in professional organisations, and few are officers in representative assemblies, members of the board, or president. Family life with children influences perceptions and has an impact on professional life, especially in academia and political/professional associations, so that taking on leadership positions poses additional challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anastasia Maclennan
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michele Aerden
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva-Cointrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Duygu Ilhan
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva-Cointrin, Switzerland
| | - Makiko Iwasaki
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva-Cointrin, Switzerland
| | | | - Paula Perlea
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva-Cointrin, Switzerland
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Gangwani P, Bennie K, Gupta A, Koka S, Bompolaki D. Women in leadership positions in dentistry: A scoping review. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:138-148.e1. [PMID: 38180427 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this scoping review were to calculate the prevalence of women in leadership positions in dentistry, present existing research on gender (male, female) disparities affecting dentistry globally, identify gaps in the literature that can drive future research, and provide recommendations for achieving gender parity in leadership positions. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was performed using search terms. The search strategies were developed to cover English-language articles from January 2016 through April 2022 that examined the prevalence of women in leadership positions in dentistry. Abstracts, newsletters, qualitative reports, and letters to the editors were excluded. RESULTS Eighteen studies met all inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Low prevalence was noted of women in leadership positions in dentistry globally. Multiple reasons that have led to gender disparities were identified and recommendations for decreasing gender disparities and achieving gender equity in dentistry were provided. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Over the years, several factors have contributed to gender inequalities in dentistry. However, during the past decade, gender equity, inclusion, and diversity have been recognized increasingly as core values of the dental profession. Presenting and analyzing all available data surrounding this topic are of paramount importance to start formulating appropriate strategies to achieve gender parity in all areas of dental leadership.
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Otero-Injoque J, Arbildo-Vega H. [Participation of female dentists in the evolution of dental specialties. a cross-sectional study]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2024; 12:e183. [PMID: 39015304 PMCID: PMC11247462 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1201-2024-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the participation of female dentists in the evolution of dental specialties in Peru and establish the gender distribution in each specialty. Materials and Methods A descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Registry of Specialists of the Peruvian College of Dentists in August 2023. The relative frequency of female gender and the femininity index were calculated in the total population of specialists and in each specialty to assess their respective evolution over the last 25 years. Results Currently, 51.74% of the 3,827 specialty registrations correspond to female dentists, with a femininity index of 1.072. Nine specialties with a female predominance were identified, including Pediatric Dentistry, Family and Community Health in Dentistry, and Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry. On the other hand, areas with a higher male presence are Orthodontics and Maxillary Orthopedics, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Upon analyzing the temporal evolution, a shift from the historical male majority to the current female predominance in the last fifteen years is observed, and gender parity was reached in 2019. Conclusion There is evidence of a change in the gender composition of Peruvian dental specialties, currently with a female predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Otero-Injoque
- Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú. Universidad Científica del Sur Universidad Científica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Heber Arbildo-Vega
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad San Martín de Porres. Lima, Perú. Universidad de San Martín de Porres Facultad de Medicina Humana Escuela de Medicina Humana Universidad San Martín de Porres Lima Peru
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Sartori LRM, Karam SA, Chisini LA, Corrêa de Oliveira LJ, Aragão Sabóia VDP, Corrêa MB. Discriminatory episodes negatively impact the quality of life of Brazilian dental students: A cross-sectional study. J Dent Educ 2023; 87:1523-1532. [PMID: 37414515 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate whether discriminatory episodes occurring in the university environment were associated with dental students' self-perceived overall quality of life and assess the cumulative effect of perceived discriminatory experiences on the overall quality of life. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, all students enrolled in three Brazilian dental schools were invited to participate in a survey between August and October 2019. The outcome was students' self-perceived quality of life, measured through the overall quality of life item of the World Health Organization-Quality of Life Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses (95% confidence intervals and α of 5%) were conducted using RStudio software. RESULTS The sample was composed of 732 students (70.2% response rate). The great part was female (66.9%), white or yellow skin color (67.9%), and were children of highly educated mothers. About 68% of the students reported having experienced at least one of the seven discriminatory experiences presented in the questionnaire and 18.1% reported neutral or negative quality of life. In multivariable analyses, it was estimated that students who experienced at least one episode of discrimination were 2.54 times (95% CI: 1.47-4.34) more likely to report worse quality of life than their counterparts who reported no experience of discrimination. There was also a 25% (95% CI: 1.10-1.42) increase in the odds of reporting poorer quality of life for each additional discriminatory experience reported. CONCLUSION Reporting at least one discriminatory situation in the academic environment was associated with worse quality of life among dental students, and a cumulative effect was also noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Regina Morello Sartori
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sarah Arangurem Karam
- Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alexandre Chisini
- Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Britto Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Gatti-Reis L, Mattos FF, Pordeus IA, Martins-Júnior PA, Coutinho DCDO, Perazzo MF, Paiva SM. Leadership through a gender lens: Disparities in Dental Research. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:100-109. [PMID: 38133084 PMCID: PMC10742361 DOI: 10.1590/0103-644020230555959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the 100 most-cited papers in Dentistry, with a focus on female leadership in dental research. Papers were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS- CC) in the category 'Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine'. Gender was assessed through WoS-CC, Scopus, ResearchGate, social media, institutional websites, and software that assigns gender according to first names (https://genderapi.io). Characteristics of authors in leadership roles were retrieved, such as affiliation, publication history, citations, H factor, and i500. The 100 most-cited papers in Dentistry were authored by 394 researchers, 326 (82.7%) men, and 68 (17.3%) women - there were 4.8 male authors for each female. Among the lead authors, there were 11.3 males for each female. Among female senior authors, there were 7 males for each female. Among lead/senior authors of the 100 most-cited papers (first and last authors, respectively), 18 were women. There was an increase in the participation of women in the top cited papers regardless of authorship role across the six decades, with a peak of two female authors in the first decade of the 21st century. For female authors in leadership roles, their publication history shows the time between their first and last papers in WoS-CC ranged from 4 to 42 years for lead authors and 1 to 39 years for senior authors. Women were found to be largely underrepresented as leaders of the 100 most-cited papers, highlighting pervasive gender inequalities in dental research publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gatti-Reis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio Freitas Mattos
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais- 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Antônio Martins-Júnior
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus França Perazzo
- Department of Dental Public Health, Universidade Federal de Goiás - Av. Universitária, s/n.º - St. Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Prado MC, Dotto L, Agostini BA, Sarkis-Onofre R. Metaresearch study highlights the gender gap in randomized controlled trials in dentistry. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 162:47-55. [PMID: 37574081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the gender gap in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in dentistry in terms of authorship, collaborations, metrics, funding and reporting of good research practice and transparecy. METHODS The search was performed in PubMed for RCTs restricted to English texts in the dental field, indexed from 12/31/2016 to 12/31/2021. Two reviewers screened the studies in line with the eligibility criteria. A total of 844 articles were included. The name and gender of authors, citation metrics, funding, reporting of characteristics of good research practice and transparency were extracted. We considered "collaboration between authors" when the corresponding author was different from the first author. RESULTS The proportion of women as first authors was 46.56% and 40.12% for corresponding authors. The analysis showed that when a woman is the corresponding author, the probability of the first author also being a woman is 57% higher compared to the first author being a man. For "protocol registration" and "data sharing," the prevalence of reporting was higher when women were first authors. CONCLUSION A gender gap in dentistry RCTs was identified and related to the participation of women as first and corresponding authors and the collaboration between authors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Dotto
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Undergraduate Program in Dentistry, Regional Integrated University of High Uruguay and Missions, Erechim, Brazil
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Haag DG, Schuch HS, Nath S, Baker SR, Celeste RK, Thomson WM, Jamieson LM. Gender inequities in dental research publications: Findings from 20 years. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:1045-1055. [PMID: 36546530 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first steps towards gender equity in science are measuring the magnitude of inequity and increasing awareness of the problem. OBJECTIVES To describe trends in gender disparities in first and last authorship in the most cited dental publications and general dental literature over a 20-year period. METHODS Articles and bibliometric data were retrieved from the Scopus database for the period 1996 to 2015. Two groups of 1000 articles each were retrieved: a random sample and another sample of top-cited articles for each year. The gender of the first and last author of each publication was manually identified. When this was not possible, we used an online software platform (https://genderize.io/). Descriptive analyses identified the proportion of women first and last authors in both samples, stratifying by dental discipline and geographic region. Trends were ascertained by frequency metrics across years. Gender disparity was observed in both first and last authorship, with a larger gap being observed in the top-cited sample. RESULTS Women led 28.4% and 20.3% of articles in the random and top-cited samples, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for the last authorship group (22.1% and 16.1%, respectively). An increasing trend in the proportion of articles led by women over time was observed in both samples. This increase was larger in the top-cited sample (from 15.0% in 1996-2000 to 25.1% in 2015) than in the random sample (from 26.3% in 1996-2000 to 33.2% in 2011). CONCLUSIONS Clear gender disparities in dental research publications in the last 20 years were identified in both general and top-cited manuscripts, across dental disciplines, across countries, across first and last authorship, and over time. It is paramount that actions are taken to attract, retain and promote women in science, as well as to monitor and ensure progress towards gender equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandara Gabriela Haag
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Helena Silveira Schuch
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Sonia Nath
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah R Baker
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Roger Keller Celeste
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Farroupilha, Brazil
| | - W Murray Thomson
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lisa M Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Reeves S, Liu C, Mack G. Gender representation amongst orthodontic editorial boards: trends over time. Eur J Orthod 2023; 45:491-495. [PMID: 37541652 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess trends in gender representation within editorial boards of European and North American orthodontic journals from 2000 to 2023. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study of editorial boards of orthodontic journals. The first issue of volumes of identified journals from the years 2000, 2010 and 2023 were investigated to demonstrate trends over time. RESULTS Eight journals were included. Across the period investigated, a total of 810 editorial board positions were identified with most positions held by men (657/810; 81.1%). The proportion of female editorial board members increased from 14.7% (36/245) in 2000 to 24.5% (73/298) in 2023. The number of female Editor-in-Chief increased from zero in 2000 to two in 2023. Three journals demonstrated a reduction in female representation from 2000 to 2023. CONCLUSION Females remain underrepresented within editorial boards of orthodontic journals which is a key metric of presence and leadership in orthodontic academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Reeves
- Department of Orthodontics, Kings College Hospital Dental Institute, London, SE5 9RW, UK
| | - Catherine Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Kings College Hospital Dental Institute, London, SE5 9RW, UK
| | - Gavin Mack
- Department of Orthodontics, Kings College Hospital Dental Institute, London, SE5 9RW, UK
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20
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Moreno LB, Conde KDS, Franco MC, Cenci MS, Montagner AF. The impact of gender on citation rates: An observational study on the most cited dental articles. J Dent 2023; 136:104606. [PMID: 37419384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aims to determine whether the gender of the authors plays a role in the position of authorship within the 100 most cited articles in dentistry. METHODS An electronic search was performed in October 2022 in the SCOPUS database, considering filters by 'subject area' [dentistry], 'document type' [article], and 'source type' [journal]. The search was performed without restriction on the study design, publication yearor language. Information regarding each article was then extracted. The gender of the first and last author was determined by associating their first names with the probability of the name being male or female, using the Genderize database. Comparative evaluation of gender distribution was performed with the Chi-Square test. RESULTS Articles ranged from 5214 to 579 citations. Included studies were published between 1964 and 2019, with the majority being from journals with the highest impact factors in the field. There were statistical significance differences between the gender distribution of the first and last authors, with a predominance of man in both authorships positions (all p<0.00). Only 15% and 12.6% the most cited papers in dental research presented a woman as first and last authors, respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, female authors are not as regarded as male authors in prestigious authorship positions in the most cited dental publications, and gender bias can still be considered prominent in the dental research community. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings of the present study indicate that the gender imbalance in citation practices, reported in several areas, also occurs in the field of Dentistry. It is essential that more discussions be raised about gender disparities and about the female presence in the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Christ Franco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Maximiliano Sérgio Cenci
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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21
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Lalloo R. Gender diversity of the oral health leadership in Australia. Aust Dent J 2023; 68:197-201. [PMID: 37491803 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender diversity in oral health leadership is important. Globally, this is dominated by men and does not equitably represent the increasing women in the workforce. METHODS Publicly available and gathered data on leadership positions for Australian professional associations, accrediting body, specialist academies, training institutions and the public dental sector were analysed for gender (men and women) diversity. RESULTS The gender diversity of the leadership varies across the oral health organizations and training institutions. Of the 383 identified leadership positions, 229 (60%) are held by men. Of the eight national dentist association presidents, six (75%) are men. Of the 65 leadership positions across 13 training institutions, 39 (59%) are held by men, and all schools training dentists are led by men. Men also dominate leadership roles in the specialist academies (62%), the research organizations (56%) and public dental sector (67%). Women do have the majority of senior leadership roles in the accrediting body (67%). CONCLUSION Gender diversity of the oral health leadership shows some positive findings, but there is still an effort required to increase women leaders across many areas of this leadership. This should urgently be recognized as a problem, with the implementation of strategies to address this important issue. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lalloo
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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22
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Ribeiro ADA, Modesto Vieira A. Editorial: Women in Pediatric Dentistry Research: Are We There Yet? FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1172902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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23
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Togami E, Behravesh CB, Dutcher TV, Hansen GR, King LJ, Pelican KM, Mazet JAK. Characterizing the One Health workforce to promote interdisciplinary, multisectoral approaches in global health problem-solving. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285705. [PMID: 37192188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recognition of the interconnected nature of complex challenges such as COVID-19, a collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach, referred to as One Health, has been employed to address sustainable development and strengthen global health security. Although significant investments have been made to build global health capacity, characterization of the One Health is absent from the literature. METHODS AND FINDINGS We collected and analyzed perspectives from students, graduates, workers, and employers in One Health through a multinational online survey across health disciplines and sectors. Respondents were recruited through professional networks. A total of 828 respondents from 66 countries participated, representing governmental and academic institutions and students, among others; 57% were female, and 56% had completed professional health degrees. Interpersonal communication, communication with non-scientific audiences, and the ability to work in transdisciplinary teams were valued in the workplace and were considered essential competencies to build an interdisciplinary health workforce. Employers indicated difficulty recruiting workers, while workers indicated limited availability of positions. Employers identified limited funding and ill-defined career pathways as prominent challenges for retaining One Health workers. CONCLUSIONS Successful One Health workers use interpersonal skills and scientific knowledge to address complex health challenges. Aligning the definition of One Health will likely improve the matching of job seekers and employers. Encouraging the employment of the One Health approach for a diverse range of positions, even if they do not explicitly include "One Health" in the job title, and clarifying the expectations, roles and responsibilities within a transdisciplinary team will lead to building a stronger workforce. As One Health has evolved to address food insecurity, emerging diseases, and antimicrobial resistance, it holds promise for supporting an interdisciplinary global health workforce that can make substantial progress on Sustainable Development Goals and improve global health security for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Togami
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Casey Barton Behravesh
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Tracey V Dutcher
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, MD, United States of America
| | - Gail R Hansen
- Hansen Consulting LLC, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Lonnie J King
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Katharine M Pelican
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Jonna A K Mazet
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Draugalis JR, Medina MS, Taylor JN, Plaza CM, Lopez EJ. An Update on the Progress Toward Gender Equity in US Academic Pharmacy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2022; 86:ajpe8962. [PMID: 35483826 PMCID: PMC10159399 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the status of gender equity in US pharmacy education since the two previous publications on the topic in 2004 and 2014.Methods. Data were gathered from existing national databases, internal American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) databases, AACP meeting minutes, published reports, scholarly articles, pharmacy association websites, individual school websites, and LinkedIn profiles. Differences between men and women were evaluated on degree completion, discipline, rank, tenure status, research, leadership development, leadership positions, salaries, and professional awards. Comparisons were also made to academic medicine and dentistry.Results. Fifty-one percent of full-time faculty members across all academic pharmacy disciplines are women. The percentage of women at the rank of professor was 36.6%, compared to 25% in 2014. Of the 2992 tenured or tenure track pharmacy faculty, 39.2% were women. Out of 388 department chairs, 146 were women. Throughout 2014-2021, there were 121 chief executive officer (CEO) dean permanent appointments, with men holding 91 (75.2%) and women holding 30 (24.8%). Women received 29.7% of the National Institutes of Health grants awarded to pharmacy schools compared to men (70.3%), although women's funding amount was higher. In both the pharmacy practice discipline and all sciences disciplines, the total salary across all ranks and years in rank was significantly higher for men than women, even for department chairs, but there were no differences for CEO deans. To date, women have received 13% of four national pharmacy organizations' top 13 awards.Conclusion. Since 2014, some achievement gaps have narrowed, but areas of concern still exist and need continued attention and resources so inequities can be eliminated. Women in academic pharmacy need mentoring and support to extend throughout the trajectory of their careers in areas such as academic advancement, grant applications, salary negotiation, leadership pursuit, and award applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa S Medina
- The University of Oklahoma, College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Associate Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Jamie N Taylor
- American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Arlington, Virginia
| | | | - Estela J Lopez
- American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Arlington, Virginia
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De Souza GM, Tiwari T, Fox CH, Miguez PA, Letra A, Geisinger ML, Patel M, Shaddox L, Ioannidou E. Perception of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on dental researchers. J Dent Educ 2022; 87:170-181. [PMID: 36131372 PMCID: PMC9538829 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Historical evidence shows a gender-based disproportionate effect of pandemics across different populations. In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began spreading its devastating effects worldwide. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on research productivity, work-life arrangements, and mental health of dental professionals worldwide with focus on gender differences. METHODS A 38-item survey, concerning demographics, career stage, employer support, family structure, mental health, and relationships, was distributed to 7692 active members of the International Association for Dental Research. Bivariate associations between independent variables and the primary outcome variable were tested using Spearman's correlation test. A logistic regression model was used to assess the simultaneous, independent associations between each variable and researcher productivity. RESULTS A total of 722 responses were obtained, indicating a 9.4% response rate. Higher productivity was reported by male respondents (p = 0.021), and by those in senior career stages (p = 0.001). Institutional support was associated with higher productivity (p < 0.0001). Lower productivity was reported by younger researchers (p = 0.003). Remote work negatively affected productivity (p < 0.0001) and female respondents reported working more hours, regardless of work location (p = 0.004). Poor mental health was associated with low productivity (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected dental professionals' perceived productivity and mental health around the globe. Younger individuals and women were disproportionally affected, and institutional support had a significant influence to mitigate effects of the pandemic for dental researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M. De Souza
- Comprehensive Dentistry DepartmentUniversity of LouisvilleSchool of DentistryLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
| | - Tamanna Tiwari
- School of Dental MedicineUniversity of Colorado, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Christopher H. Fox
- Chief Executive OfficerInternational Association for Dental ResearchAlexandriaVirginiaUSA
| | - Patricia A. Miguez
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health ‐ Periodontology, Adams School of DentistryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Dental MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Maria L. Geisinger
- Department of Periodontology, School of DentistryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Mangala Patel
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Luciana Shaddox
- Division of Periodontology and Center for Oral Health ResearchUniversity of Kentucky College of DentistryLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Effie Ioannidou
- Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences Department, School of Dental MedicineUCONN HealthFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
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FRANCO MC, SARTORI L, QUEIROZ AB, NEPPELENBROEK KH, WANG L, SOUSA-NETO MD, PAIVA SM, CORREA MB, CENCI MS, MORAES RRD, DEMARCO FF. Impact of COVID-19 on gender gap in dental publications: a retrospective cohort with three Brazilian journals. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e0116. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Hernández-Ruiz RE, Rosel-Gallardo EM, Cifuentes-Jiménez C, González-López S, Bolaños-Carmona MV. Gender and Leadership Positions in Spanish Dentistry. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221109970. [PMID: 35912432 PMCID: PMC9340893 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221109970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dentists in Spain reached equal gender representation in 2012 and the number of female dentists has continued to grow (until 57.3% in 2020). This study aims to increase evidence about the gender distribution on the high responsibility positions and opinion leaders of the dental profession and academia. Composition of the executive comities of the main dental institutions of Spain (regional professional associations, national dental association, and scientific societies), members of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Granada in 2020 and speakers of the main dental congresses of 2019 (due to the lack of congress in 2020) were recorded and analyzed by genders using chi-squared test (P < .05). Mean representation of female dentists in executive committees of professional associations was 35.6%. More than 70% of presidents and vice-presidents of professional colleges and more than 60% of these positions in scientific societies were occupied by male dentists. None of dental congresses of 2019 reached equal gender participation, being 81.3% of lecturers presenting on main auditoriums male dentists. Although dental workforce in Spain is slightly overrepresented by females, leadership positions and figures among Spanish dentists doesn’t seem to reflect the gender distribution of the collective. There is a lack of women occupying high-level positions in dentistry that proves the existence of the so-called “glass ceiling effect” on the profession. Further studies about sociodemographic aspects of dental workforce are needed to develop evidence-based policies for the collective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío E. Hernández-Ruiz
- School of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva M. Rosel-Gallardo
- School of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Santiago González-López
- School of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, Granada, Spain
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Hernández-Ruiz RE, Benavides-Reyes C, González-López S, Bolaños-Carmona MV. A gender- based approach to the current situation of Spanish dentists. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e873-e885. [PMID: 34603616 PMCID: PMC8464394 DOI: 10.4317/jced.58303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the perception of Spanish dentists about the situation of the profession nowadays and how the changes occurred in dental workforce (in number and gender of the past twenty years) have affected their personal and professional lives, under a gender-based approach.
Material and Methods An online survey comprising of 51 opinion and socio-economic questions, divided into 9 sections of different topics, which was administered between the members of 13 professional associations. Chi-squared tests were calculated (p<0.05).
Results Valid responses were received from 422 participants with a mean age of 41 years old and 66% of female dentists. Most dentists considered their selves in a “good” position, however, 72.3% of them said the profession “has had worsened”. Opinions significantly differed between women and men in gender equity and the pay gap between them could be observed (29.4% of males earned more of 4000 euros a month, while only 15.1% female dentists did). Also, 49.5% of female dentists felt underrepresented in the highest association of Spanish dentists (General Council of Dentist - Consejo General de Dentistas) and 38.4% declared they have had suffered verbal violence coming from patients repeatedly.
Conclusions A generally negative perception of dentists’ work quality was found among respondents. Also, opinions between males and females differed in important aspects of professional development. Further research projects are needed to have growing evidence on problems and disparities in the dental workforce which would help the institutions to make improvement actions. Key words:Dentists, Health Workforce, Survey, Gender, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío E Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Operative Dentistry. School of Dentistry. University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja. Colegio Maximo s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Benavides-Reyes
- Department of Operative Dentistry. School of Dentistry. University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja. Colegio Maximo s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago González-López
- Department of Operative Dentistry. School of Dentistry. University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja. Colegio Maximo s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Mª Victoria Bolaños-Carmona
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja. Colegio Maximo s/n, E-18071, Spain
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Wolf TG, Otterbach EJ, Zeyer O, Wagner RF, Crnić T, Ilhan D, Campus G. Influence of Oral Health Care Systems on Future Career Environment of Dental Students in Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8292. [PMID: 34444041 PMCID: PMC8393998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral healthcare is organized subsidiarily and independently by nation states in Europe and also within the EU and consequently, major differences between the nation states and the various oral healthcare systems in Europe are present. The socialization in the respective catchment area can have an impact on the job choice and the perception of employment opportunities of different professional groups. Therefore, the purpose of this survey was to elucidate the influence of different oral healthcare systems on students living or studying in the respective catchment area. A questionnaire (in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish) with 18 different components was administered. Data on gender, age, country of origin, university, semester, nationality, expected time of graduation, and forecast for future professional practices were gathered. In addition, 3851 students participated (2863 f/988 m). The sample distribution was uneven with predominantly Bismarckian and Southern European System participants. The National oral health care system was statistically significantly linked (p < 0.01) to the ownership period of a dental practice. Students in Bismarckian and Nordic systems tended to find their own practice earlier than in the Beverdigian system or Southern European and Transitional-East European systems. An association between the oral health care system and vocational training was inhomogeneous, but also significantly different (p < 0.01). The majority (47.51%, n = 1555) would like to work in their own practice, 18.95% (n = 621) want to establish a practice with two or more owners. It was striking that no student would like to work in the investor practice/practice chain of both Nordic, Beveridgian and Transitional-East European countries systems (p < 0.01). The oral health care system in which a dental student grows up/resides/studies influences the career choice/perception of future professional practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (R.F.W.); (G.C.)
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- FVDZ Free Association of German Dentists, 53177 Bonn, Germany; (E.-J.O.); (T.C.)
| | | | - Oliver Zeyer
- SSO Swiss Dental Association, 3000 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Ralf Friedrich Wagner
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (R.F.W.); (G.C.)
- Association of Statutory Health Insurance Dentists North Rhine (KZV Nordrhein), 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tin Crnić
- FVDZ Free Association of German Dentists, 53177 Bonn, Germany; (E.-J.O.); (T.C.)
- EDSA European Dental Students’ Association, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Duygu Ilhan
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, İstanbul 34810, Turkey;
- Turkish Dental Association (Türk Dişhekimleri Birliği), Ckurambar, Ankara 06530, Turkey
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (R.F.W.); (G.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- School of Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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Le Boedec A, Anthony N, Vigneau C, Hue B, Laine F, Laviolle B, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Bacle A, Allain JS. Gender inequality among medical, pharmaceutical and dental practitioners in French hospitals: Where have we been and where are we now? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254311. [PMID: 34242351 PMCID: PMC8270123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women are under-represented in senior academic and hospital positions in many countries. The authors aim to assess the place and the evolution of all appointed female and male health practitioners' working in French public Hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of this observational study were collected from the National Management Centre (Centre National de Gestion) from 2015 up to January 1, 2020. First, the authors described demographic characteristics and specialties of all appointed medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry doctors' working as Hospital Practitioners, Associate Professors, and Full Professors in French General and University-affiliated Hospitals in 2020. Then, they retrospectively reported the annual incidence of new entrance according to gender and professional status from 1999 to 2019 thanks to the appointment date of all practitioners in activity between 2015 and 2020. RESULTS In 2020, 51 401 appointed practitioners (49.7% of female) were in activity in French public hospitals with a large majority being medical doctors (92.4%) compared to pharmacists (6%) and dentists (1.6%). Women represented 52.5% of the Hospital Practitioners, 48.6% of the Associate Professors, and 22.0% of the Full Professors (p < 0.001). There were disparities between the rates of female Full Professors in medicine (20.6%), pharmacy (36.1%), and dentistry (44.3%, p < 0.001). Women were appointed Hospital Practitioners and Associate Professors earlier than men (respectively 37.1 versus 38.8 years, p < 0.001 and 36.1 versus 36.5 years, p = 0.04), and at a later age among Full Professors (43.7 versus 41.9 years, p < 0.001). Compared to men, the annual proportion of appointed women varied significantly between 1999 and 2019 from 47.6% to 60.4% for Hospital Practitioners, from 50.0% to 44.6% for Associate Professors, and from 11.2% to 33.3% for Full Professors (p < 0.001 for trend). CONCLUSIONS Although more and more women occupy positions in French hospitals, there is still a gender gap regarding access to Full Professor status in medicine and pharmacy, but not in dentistry. The disparity in numbers makes comparison difficult. Despite a trend towards gender equality during the last twenty years, it has not yet been achieved regarding access to the highest positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Le Boedec
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- Rennes 1 University, France
| | - Norah Anthony
- Methodological Support and Biostatistics Unit, University Hospital, Saint Denis, Reunion Island, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Clinical Investigation Center 1410 Saint Pierre, Reunion Island, France
| | - Cécile Vigneau
- Rennes 1 University, France
- Department of Nephrology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), IRSET-UMR_S 1085, France
| | - Benoit Hue
- Department of Pharmacy, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Laine
- Clinical Investigation Unit, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- Department of Hepatology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Clinical Investigation Center1414, France
| | - Bruno Laviolle
- Rennes 1 University, France
- Clinical Investigation Unit, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Clinical Investigation Center1414, France
| | - Martine Bonnaure-Mallet
- Rennes 1 University, France
- Department of Dental Surgery, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U1241 NuMeCAn, France
| | - Astrid Bacle
- Rennes 1 University, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), IRSET-UMR_S 1085, France
- Department of Pharmacy, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Allain
- Clinical Investigation Unit, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Clinical Investigation Center1414, France
- Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolism Division, Saint Malo Hospital, Saint Malo, France
- * E-mail:
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Ioannidou E, Bernstein E. Inclusion and diversity. J Am Dent Assoc 2021; 152:502. [PMID: 34176565 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Effie Ioannidou
- Professor of Periodontology, UCONN Health School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Eric Bernstein
- Assistant Professor, Interim Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, UCONN Health School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT
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Schumacher C, Eliades T, Koletsi D. Gender gap in authorship within published orthodontic research. An observational study on evidence and time-trends over a decade. Eur J Orthod 2021; 43:534-543. [PMID: 34128990 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the representation of female authors in senior and leading positions in orthodontic research publications, as well as the fraction of women participating in the publication reports, for over a decade. In addition, association of women representation in orthodontic research and characteristics such as journal of publication, year, study design/topic, and others, were sought. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic search was performed within three major orthodontic journals, namely the European Journal of Orthodontics (EJO), the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (AJODO), and the Angle Orthodontist (ANGLE) to identify all types of research articles published within two distinct year cohorts, the 2008-10 and the 2018-20. The outcomes of interest pertained to proportion of women in senior (last) and leading (first) position, and fraction of overall participation in the author list. RESULTS A total of 2539 articles were eligible for inclusion, with an overall number of contributing authors being 11 608, of which 34.4% were female. For seniority in authorship, 30.1% (312/1038) of the publications within 2018-20 were attributed to female authors, while 25.8% (388/1501) was identified in 2008-10. Publication timeline, geographic region, and thematic topic of publication were determined as significant predictors. For leading (first) authorship, the respective percentages were 44.7% (464/1038) within 2018-20, and 34.7% (521/1501) in 2008-10. Dissemination timeline, geographic region and journal of publication were identified by the multivariable analysis, as revealing evidence of association with female leading publication authorship. Overall, the median proportion of female authors within the author list was 33.0%. CONCLUSIONS A gender gap related to Orthodontic research publications is persistent, with participation of women either as senior, or as leading authors, being suboptimal. Consistent efforts should be set in place, to facilitate more equal representation of women in research publishing, being supported by academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Schumacher
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Despina Koletsi
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Franco MC, Helal L, Cenci MS, Moher D. The impact of gender on researchers' assessment: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 138:95-101. [PMID: 34118367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This randomized controlled trial aimed to test whether women or men would be preferred with identical curriculum vitae (CV); and the impact of the career stage in the evaluators' choice. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A simulated post-doctoral process was carried forward to be assessed for judgment. Level 1 and 2 Brazilian fellow researchers in the field of Dentistry were invited to act as external reviewers in a post-doctoral process and were randomly assigned to receive a CV from a woman or a man. They were required to rate the CV from 0 to 10 in scientific contribution, leadership potential, ability to work in groups, and international experience. RESULTS For all categories of CVs evaluated, CVs from men received higher scores compared to the CVs from women. Robust variance Poisson regressions demonstrated that men were more likely to receive higher scores in all categories, despite applicants' career stage. For example, CVs from men were nearly three quarters more likely to be seen as having leadership potential than equivalent CVs from women. CONCLUSION Gender bias is powerfully prevalent in academia in the dentistry field, despite researchers' career stage. Actions like implicit bias training must be urgently implemented to avoid (or at least decrease) that more women are harmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Christ Franco
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital - General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Canada; Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Helal
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital - General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Canada; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 1105 Universitária Avenue, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maximiliano Sérgio Cenci
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - David Moher
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital - General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Canada
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Sartori LRM, Henzel LT, de Queiroz ABL, Ramos EC, de Oliveira LJC, Chisini LA, Correa MB. Gender inequalities in the dental science: An analysis of high impact publications. J Dent Educ 2021; 85:1379-1387. [PMID: 33855714 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the participation of women in publications of dental journals with a high impact factor. METHODS Articles published in 2016, 2011, and 2006 in 10 dental journals chosen for their highest impact factors in each dental fields were included in this research. Articles-related variables collected included the country of origin of each author, the type of study, and gender of the researchers. Gender was examined through PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, and respective affiliated institutions. Furthermore, a website designed to discover the gender of names was used when the previous alternatives were not conclusive. Forward stepwise Poisson regression models were used for data analysis. RESULTS A total of 3365 studies were included in the first authorship analysis and 3398 in analysis related to last authorship. The prevalence of women as first authors was 37.2% (confidence interval (CI) 95% 34.5-37.5) and as last authors was 22.6% (CI 95% 21.3-23.9). Having a woman as the last author increased the presence of women in the first author position in scientific dental articles by 16% (prevalence ratio = 1.16, CI 95% [1.04-1.29]). The year of publication, journal, and region of the author were associated with an increase in the prevalence of women as last authors. From 2006 to 2016, the prevalence of women as last authors increased by 61%. Despite these trends, women were still underrepresented in science in the evaluated period. CONCLUSIONS There are meaningful gender inequalities in publications of scientific dental papers. Encouraging women to lead research groups can reduce the inequities observed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Alexandre Chisini
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Britto Correa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Gender Differences in Work Status during Early Career of Dentists: An Analysis of National Survey Cohort Data of 10 Years in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052335. [PMID: 33673503 PMCID: PMC7967721 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated gender differences in young dentists’ career focusing on career breaks and return to work. We created a cohort dataset for dentists registered in 2006 using the national survey between 2006–2016 (men, 1680; women, 984), and examined the work setting of dentists by gender 10 years after registration. The proportion of dentists on career break increased each survey year, and was more pronounced in women than in men (2006 to 2016, men, 11.2% to 14.2%; women, 7.9% to 31.0%). The proportion of those who had career breaks between 2006–2016 was 44.8% in men and 62.9% in women. In the multiple logistic regression for examining the associations between those who returned to work compared to those working continuously, in women, the odds ratios (OR) were significantly higher in those working in dental clinics (owner, OR: 5.39; employee, OR: 3.10), and those working part-time (OR: 2.07); however, in men, there was no significant association with part-time work. These results suggest during early career phase, female dentists are more likely than males to take career breaks and choose part-time on returning. These gender differences should be considered for ensuring adequate workforce in dentistry in the future.
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Wolf TG, Wagner RF, Zeyer O, Ilhan D, Crnić T, Otterbach EJ, Campus G. Expectations Regarding Dental Practice: A Cross-Sectional Survey of European Dental Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197296. [PMID: 33036227 PMCID: PMC7579228 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining information on expectations among dental students regarding their career planning was the main purpose of this observational online survey. The questionnaire was designed with 18 items in five different languages: English, French, German, Italian and Spanish. Data were collected on nationality, age, sex, country of residence, university attended, semester, expected year of graduation and expectations about future career. More than 3000 participants (n = 3851, 2863 females 74.34% and 988 males 25.66% with a sex ratio of 0.35) participated in the survey. Almost one-third (31.29%) of the participants plan to start their own practice at least three years after vocational training, a quarter (25.76%) after three, and only 12.59% after one year. A positive influence of the family in the decision to start a practice was observed in 50.07% of the sample with a statistically significant difference regarding sex (p < 0.01). Almost one-third of the participants did not wish to work in an institution run by private equity or insurance companies, while 21.79% would work in that environment (p < 0.01). European dental students desire mainly to become self-employed and start their own practice. New professional practices also offer them options for their future career that they have not yet decided on or thought about.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (R.F.W.); (G.C.)
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- FVDZ Free Association of German Dentists, 53177 Bonn, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-632-35-80
| | - Ralf Friedrich Wagner
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (R.F.W.); (G.C.)
- Association of Statutory Health Insurance Dentists North Rhine (KZV Nordrhein), 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Zeyer
- SSO Swiss Dental Association, 3000 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Duygu Ilhan
- Private Practice, Valikonağı Street, 34635 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Turkish Dental Association (Türk Dişhekimleri Birliği), 06530 Çukurambar, Cankaya/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tin Crnić
- EDSA European Dental Students’ Association, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
| | | | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (R.F.W.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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38
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Ioannidou E, Letra A, Shaddox LM, Teles F, Ajiboye S, Ryan M, Fox CH, Tiwari T, D'Souza RN. Empowering Women Researchers in the New Century: IADR's Strategic Direction. Adv Dent Res 2020; 30:69-77. [PMID: 31746653 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519877385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gender inequality in science, medicine, and dentistry remains a central concern for the biomedical research workforce today. Although progress in areas of inclusivity and gender diversity was reported, growth has been slow. Women still face multiple challenges in reaching higher ranks and leadership positions while maintaining holistic success in these fields. Within dental research and academia, we might observe trends toward a more balanced pipeline. However, women continue to face barriers in seeking leadership roles and achieving economic equity and scholarship recognition. In an effort to evaluate the status of women in dental research and academia, the authors examined the role of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR), a global research organization, which has improved awareness on gender inequality. The goal of this article is to review five crucial issues of gender inequality in oral health research and academics-workforce pipeline, economic inequality, workplace harassment, gender bias in scholarly productivity, and work-life balance-and to discuss proactive steps that the IADR has taken to promote gender equality. Providing networking and training opportunities through effective mentoring and coaching for women researchers, the IADR has developed a robust pipeline of women leaders while promoting gender equality for women in dental academia through a culture shift. As knowledge gaps remained on the levels of conscious and unconscious bias and sexist culture affecting women advancement in academics, as well as the intersectionality of gender with race, gender identity, ability status, sexual orientation, and cultural backgrounds, the IADR has recognized that further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ioannidou
- IADR Women in Science Network and AADR Board of Directors; School of Dental Medicine, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - A Letra
- IADR Women in Science Network; School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L M Shaddox
- IADR Women in Science Network; College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - F Teles
- IADR Women in Science Network; School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Ajiboye
- International Association for Dental Research and American Association for Dental Research, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - M Ryan
- American Association for Dental Research; Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - C H Fox
- International Association for Dental Research and American Association for Dental Research, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - T Tiwari
- IADR Women in Science Network; School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R N D'Souza
- International Association for Dental Research; University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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39
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Albino J, Teles F, Cohen LK. Commentary: Challenges and Opportunities for Women in Dental Research. Adv Dent Res 2020; 30:119-123. [PMID: 31746649 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519877395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This commentary integrates and expands on the preceding articles in this issue that document and celebrate a century of women's achievements in the International Association for Dental Research (IADR). The increasing participation and leadership of women in dental and craniofacial research and within the IADR were viewed from the perspective of a changing culture of science. The steps that have been taken by the IADR to develop greater inclusiveness are acknowledged, and some of the challenges that remain are discussed in terms of obstacles that are most often social or cultural in origin. Comparisons are made across countries, and the social determinants that lead to differences in women's participation are described. Recommendations are made for developing strategies to change elements of our institutional cultures that have provided advantages to some groups of researchers more than to others. The unconscious biases and a lack of commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion that limit the participation of members of some groups limit the progress and achievements of science in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Albino
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Community Dentistry and Population Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - F Teles
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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40
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D'Souza RN, Ioannidou E, Tiwari T. Celebrating the IADR's Women Pioneers: Pathways for a New Century of Success. Adv Dent Res 2019; 30:58-59. [PMID: 31746648 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519880489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R N D'Souza
- Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - E Ioannidou
- School of Dental Medicine, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - T Tiwari
- Department of Community Dentistry and Population Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Giannobile W, Feine J. Women in Science—A Century of Innovation and Leadership. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1405-1406. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034519882004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W.V. Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, School of Dentistry, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J.S. Feine
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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