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Bowles EF, Burleigh M, Mira A, Van Breda SGJ, Weitzberg E, Rosier BT. Nitrate: "the source makes the poison". Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-27. [PMID: 39213282 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2395488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Interest in the role of dietary nitrate in human health and disease has grown exponentially in recent years. However, consensus is yet to be reached as to whether consuming nitrate from various food sources is beneficial or harmful to health. Global authorities continue to recommend an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of nitrate of 3.7 mg/kg-bw/day due to concerns over its carcinogenicity. This is despite evidence showing that nitrate consumption from vegetable sources, exceeding the ADI, is associated with decreased cancer prevalence and improvements in cardiovascular, oral, metabolic and neurocognitive health. This review examines the paradox between dietary nitrate and health and disease and highlights the key role of the dietary source and food matrix in moderating this interaction. We present mechanistic and epidemiological evidence to support the notion that consuming vegetable-derived nitrate promotes a beneficial increase in nitric oxide generation and limits toxic N-nitroso compound formation seen with high intakes of nitrate added during food processing or present in contaminated water. We demonstrate the need for a more pragmatic approach to nitrate-related nutritional research and guidelines. Ultimately, we provide an overview of our knowledge in this field to facilitate the various therapeutic applications of dietary nitrate, whilst maintaining population safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Bowles
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Burleigh
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - A Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - S G J Van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B T Rosier
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
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Simpson A, Johnston W, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira A, Easton C, Henriquez FL, Culshaw S, Rosier BT, Burleigh M. Periodontal treatment causes a longitudinal increase in nitrite-producing bacteria. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 39169836 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral microbiome-dependent nitrate (NO3 -)-nitrite (NO2 -)-nitric oxide (NO) pathway may help regulate blood pressure. NO2 --producing bacteria in subgingival plaque are reduced in relative abundance in patients with untreated periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy patients. In periodontitis patients, the NO2 --producing bacteria increase several months after periodontal treatment. The early effects of periodontal treatment on NO2 --producing bacteria and the NO3 --NO2 --NO pathway remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine how periodontal treatment affects the oral NO2 --producing microbiome and salivary NO3 - and NO2 - levels over time. METHODS The subgingival microbiota of 38 periodontitis patients was analysed before (baseline [BL]) and 1, 7 and 90 days after periodontal treatment. Changes in NO2 --producing bacteria and periodontitis-associated bacteria were determined by 16s rRNA Illumina sequencing. Saliva samples were collected at all-time points to determine NO3 - and NO2 - levels using gas-phase chemiluminescence. RESULTS A significant increase was observed in the relative abundance of NO2 --producing species between BL and all subsequent timepoints (all p < 0.001). Periodontitis-associated species decreased at all timepoints, relative to BL (all p < 0.02). NO2 --producing species negatively correlated with periodontitis-associated species at all timepoints, with this relationship strongest 90 days post-treatment (ρ = -0.792, p < 0.001). Despite these findings, no significant changes were found in salivary NO3 - and NO2 - over time (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Periodontal treatment induced an immediate increase in the relative abundance of health-associated NO2 --producing bacteria. This increase persisted throughout periodontal healing. Future studies should test the effect of periodontal treatment combined with NO3 - intake on periodontal and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Simpson
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
| | - William Johnston
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chris Easton
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
| | - Fiona L Henriquez
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bob T Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mia Burleigh
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
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3
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Bao K, Silbereisen A, Grossmann J, Nanni P, Gehrig P, Emingil G, Erguz M, Karapinar DY, Pekpinarli B, Belibasakis GN, Tsilingaridis G, Zaura E, Bostanci N. Protein Network Alterations in G-CSF Treated Severe Congenital Neutropenia Patients and Beneficial Effects of Oral Health Intervention. Proteomics Clin Appl 2024:e202400064. [PMID: 39096313 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202400064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a raredisorder characterized by diminished neutrophil levels. Despite granulocytecolony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment, SCN patients remain still prone tosevere infections, including periodontal disease-a significant oral healthrisk. This study investigates the host proteome and metaproteome in saliva andgingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of G-CSF-treated patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used label-free quantitative proteomics on saliva and GCF samples from SCN patients before (n = 10, mean age: 10.7 ± 6.6 years) and after a 6-month oral hygiene intervention (n = 9,mean age: 11.6 ± 5.27 years), and from 12 healthy controls. RESULTS We quantified 894 proteins in saliva (648 human,246 bacterial) and 756 proteins in GCF (493 human, 263 bacterial). Predominant bacterial genera included Streptococcus, Veillonella, Selenomonas, Corynebacterium, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. SCN patients showed reduced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and elevated complement proteins compared tohealthy controls. Oral hygiene intervention improved oral epithelial conditionsand reduced both AMPs and complement proteins. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE SCN patients have aunique proteomic profile with reduced AMPs and increased complement proteins, contributing to infection susceptibility. Oral hygiene intervention not onlyimproved oral health in SCN patients but also offers potential overall therapeuticbenefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) Quartier Sorge-Batiment Amphipole, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Nanni
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Gehrig
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Erguz
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Burç Pekpinarli
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Georgios Tsilingaridis
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Chew RJJ, Tan KS, Chen T, Al-Hebshi NN, Goh CE. Quantifying periodontitis-associated oral dysbiosis in tongue and saliva microbiomes-An integrated data analysis. J Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 39007741 DOI: 10.1002/jper.24-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is primarily driven by subgingival biofilm dysbiosis. However, the quantification and impact of this periodontal dysbiosis on other oral microbial niches remain unclear. This study seeks to quantify the dysbiotic changes in tongue and salivary microbiomes resulting from periodontitis by applying a clinically relevant dysbiosis index to an integrated data analysis. METHODS The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database was searched to identify BioProjects with published studies on salivary and tongue microbiomes of healthy and periodontitis subjects. Raw sequence datasets were processed using a standardized bioinformatic pipeline and categorized by their ecological niche and periodontal status. The subgingival microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI), a dysbiosis index originally developed using the subgingival microbiome, was computed at species and genus levels and customized for each niche. Its diagnostic accuracy for periodontitis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Four studies, contributing 328 microbiome samples, were included. At both species and genus levels, periodontitis samples had a higher SMDI, but the differences were only significant for subgingival biofilm and saliva (p < 0.001). However, SMDI showed good diagnostic accuracy for periodontitis status for all three niches (area under curve ranging from 0.76 to 0.90, p < 0.05). The dysbiosis index of subgingival biofilm was positively correlated with saliva consistently (p < 0.001) and with the tongue at the genus level (p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS While the impact on the tongue microbiome requires further investigation, periodontitis-associated dysbiosis affects the salivary microbiome and is quantifiable using the dysbiosis index. The diagnostic potential of salivary microbial dysbiosis as a convenient periodontal biomarker for assessing periodontal status has potential public health and clinical applications. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Periodontitis, a severe inflammation of the gums which causes bone loss, is a disease caused by an imbalance of good and bad bacteria under the gums. However, it is unclear how this bacterial imbalance in the gums affects the bacterial balance of other distinct parts of the mouth, such as the saliva and tongue. This study uses bacteria datasets of four previously published studies, contributing a total of 328 bacterial samples. The data were processed using a uniform data analysis workflow, and a bacterial score, the subgingival microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI), previously shown to capture periodontitis-associated bacteria imbalance, was calculated separately for samples from under the gums, the saliva, and the tongue. The SMDI was able to distinguish between health and periodontitis within each oral location, and in general, the scores were higher for periodontitis samples, though this difference was significant only for bacteria under the gums and in saliva. Saliva scores were also consistently correlated with bacteria under the gums. This study shows that periodontitis-associated bacterial imbalances are observed in oral locations beyond just under the gums, particularly the saliva. Thus, saliva bacteria may be used as a convenient biomarker for assessing gum disease, allowing for potential public health and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Jie Jacob Chew
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Soo Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsute Chen
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charlene Enhui Goh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Yakar N, Yilmaz B, Emingil G, Chen T, Ozdemir G, Kantarci A. Subgingival microbial profiles in pre- and postmenopausal women: Associations with serum estradiol levels. J Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 39003582 DOI: 10.1002/jper.24-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subgingival dental plaque is an ecosystem playing a key role in supporting both oral health and systemic health. Menopause-related changes have the potential to disrupt its balance, which is crucial to postmenopausal well-being. Our study explored how circulating estradiol levels correlate with subgingival microbial composition using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. We also demonstrated that combining this method with 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing insights remains valuable for examining subgingival ecology. METHODS We assessed 40 bacterial species in 77 premenopausal and 81 postmenopausal women using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization and measured serum estradiol with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Women were categorized by subgingival dysbiosis severity using a modified Subgingival Microbial Dysbiosis Index (mSMDI). Six women from each normobiotic and dysbiotic subgroup across premenopausal and postmenopausal women underwent 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. RESULTS DNA checkerboard analysis revealed that most observed variability in individual bacterial proportions is associated with periodontitis. Two species, Leptotrichia buccalis and Streptococcus constellatus, exhibited differences related to estradiol levels within the premenopausal group (p = 0.055 and p = 0.009, respectively). 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the mSMDI's validity in categorizing normobiotic and dysbiotic states. Menopausal status was not associated with a dysbiotic shift in the subgingival microbiome despite significantly more attachment loss in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that decreased estradiol levels or increased attachment loss during menopause are not associated with changes in species abundance or dysbiotic shifts in women. The mSMDI may be a useful tool for classifying subgingival ecology based on its normobiotic or dysbiotic inclination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Yakar
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Busra Yilmaz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Emingil
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tsute Chen
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guven Ozdemir
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lira-Junior R, Aogáin MM, Crncalo E, Ekberg NR, Chotirmall SH, Pettersson S, Gustafsson A, Brismar K, Bostanci N. Effects of intermittent fasting on periodontal inflammation and subgingival microbiota. J Periodontol 2024; 95:640-649. [PMID: 38655661 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the impact of intermittent fasting on periodontal health are still scarce. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of long-term intermittent fasting on periodontal health and the subgingival microbiota. METHODS This pilot study was part of a nonrandomized controlled trial. Overweight/obese participants (n = 14) entered an intermittent fasting program, specifically the 5:2 diet, in which they restricted caloric intake to about a quarter of the normal total daily caloric expenditure for two nonconsecutive days/week. Subjects underwent a thorough clinical and laboratory examination, including an assessment of their periodontal condition, at baseline and 6 months after starting the diet. Additionally, subgingival microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS After 6 months of intermittent fasting, weight, body mass index, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and the cholesterol profile improved significantly (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant reductions were observed in bleeding on probing (p = 0.01) and the presence of shallow periodontal pockets after fasting (p < 0.001), while no significant change was seen in plaque index (p = 0.14). While we did not observe significant changes in α- or β-diversity of the subgingival microbiota related to dietary intervention (p > 0.05), significant differences were seen in the abundances of several taxa among individuals exhibiting ≥60% reduction (good responders) in probing pocket depth of 4-5 mm compared to those with <60% reduction (bad responders). CONCLUSION Intermittent fasting decreased systemic and periodontal inflammation. Although the subgingival microbiota was unaltered by this intervention, apparent taxonomic variability was observed between good and bad responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Lira-Junior
- Section of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva Crncalo
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neda Rajamand Ekberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sven Pettersson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anders Gustafsson
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Montoya C, Baraniya D, Chen T, Al-Hebshi NN, Orrego S. The effect of dental material type and masticatory forces on periodontitis-derived subgingival microbiomes. Biofilm 2024; 7:100199. [PMID: 38800100 PMCID: PMC11127099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Restorative dental materials can frequently extend below the gingival margin, serving as a potential haven for microbial colonization, and altering the local oral microbiome to ignite infection. However, the contribution of dental materials on driving changes of the composition of the subgingival microbiome is under-investigated. This study evaluated the microbiome-modulating properties of three biomaterials, namely resin dental composites (COM), antimicrobial piezoelectric composites (BTO), and hydroxyapatite (HA), using an optimized in vitro subgingival microbiome model derived from patients with periodontal disease. Dental materials were subjected to static or cyclic loading (mastication forces) during biofilm growth. Microbiome composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Dysbiosis was measured in terms of subgingival microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI). Biomaterials subjected to cyclic masticatory loads were associated with enhanced biofilm viability except on the antibacterial composite. Biomaterials held static were associated with increased biofilm biomass, especially on HA surfaces. Overall, the microbiome richness (Chao index) was similar for all the biomaterials and loading conditions. However, the microbiome diversity (Shannon index) for the HA beams was significantly different than both composites. In addition, beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences between composites and HA biomaterials, and between both loading conditions (static and cyclic). Under static conditions, microbiomes formed over HA surfaces resulted in increased dysbiosis compared to composites through the enrichment of periopathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Fretibacterium spp., and depletion of commensals such as Granulicatella and Streptococcus spp. Interestingly, cyclic loading reversed the dysbiosis of microbiomes formed over HA (depletion of periopathogenes) but increased the dysbiosis of microbiomes formed over composites (enrichment of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterim nucleatum). Comparison of species formed on both composites (control and antibacterial) showed some differences. Commercial composites enriched Selenomonas spp. and depleted Campylobacter concisus. Piezoelectric composites effectively controlled the microbiome viability without significantly impacting the species abundance. Findings of this work open new understandings of the effects of different biomaterials on the modulation of oral biofilms and the relationship with oral subgingival infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Montoya
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divyashri Baraniya
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Santiago Orrego
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Numata Y, Kikuchi Y, Sato T, Okamoto-Shibayama K, Ando Y, Miyai-Murai Y, Kokubu E, Ishihara K. Novel transcriptional regulator OxtR1 regulates potential ferrodoxin in response to oxygen stress in Treponema denticola. Anaerobe 2024; 87:102852. [PMID: 38614291 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treponema denticola has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. Previously, we reported that the potential transcriptional regulator TDE_0259 (oxtR1) is upregulated in the bacteriocin ABC transporter gene-deficient mutant. OxtR1 may regulate genes to adapt to environmental conditions during colonization; however, the exact role of the gene in T. denticola has not been reported. Therefore, we investigated its function using an oxtR1-deficient mutant. METHODS The growth rates of the wild-type and oxtR1 mutant were monitored under anaerobic conditions; their antibacterial agent susceptibility and gene expression were assessed using a liquid dilution assay and DNA microarray, respectively. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed to investigate the binding of OxtR1 to promoter regions. RESULTS The growth rate of the bacterium was accelerated by the inactivation of oxtR1, and the mutant exhibited an increased minimum inhibitory concentration against ofloxacin. We observed a relative increase in the expression of genes associated with potential ferrodoxin (TDE_0260), flavodoxin, ABC transporters, heat-shock proteins, DNA helicase, iron compounds, and lipoproteins in the mutant. OxtR1 expression increased upon oxygen exposure, and oxtR1 complementation suppressed the expression of potential ferrodoxin. Our findings also suggested that OxtR1 binds to a potential promoter region of the TDE_0259-260 operon. Moreover, the mutant showed a marginal yet significantly faster growth rate than the wild-type strain under H2O2 exposure. CONCLUSION The oxygen-sensing regulator OxtR1 plays a role in regulating the expression of a potential ferrodoxin, which may contribute to the response of T. denticola to oxygen-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Numata
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kikuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Toru Sato
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kazuko Okamoto-Shibayama
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yutaro Ando
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yuri Miyai-Murai
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Eitoyo Kokubu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishihara
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.
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9
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Manoil D, Parga A, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. Microbial diagnostics in periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38797888 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Microbial analytical methods have been instrumental in elucidating the complex microbial etiology of periodontal diseases, by shaping our understanding of subgingival community dynamics. Certain pathobionts can orchestrate the establishment of dysbiotic communities that can subvert the host immune system, triggering inflammation and tissue destruction. Yet, diagnosis and management of periodontal conditions still rely on clinical and radiographic examinations, overlooking the well-established microbial etiology. This review summarizes the chronological emergence of periodontal etiological models and the co-evolution with technological advances in microbial detection. We additionally review the microbial analytical approaches currently accessible to clinicians, highlighting their value in broadening the periodontal assessment. The epidemiological importance of obtaining culture-based antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of periodontal taxa for antibiotic resistance surveillance is also underscored, together with clinically relevant analytical approaches to guide antibiotherapy choices, when necessary. Furthermore, the importance of 16S-based community and shotgun metagenomic profiling is discussed in outlining dysbiotic microbial signatures. Because dysbiosis precedes periodontal damage, biomarker identification offers early diagnostic possibilities to forestall disease relapses during maintenance. Altogether, this review highlights the underutilized potential of clinical microbiology in periodontology, spotlighting the clinical areas most conductive to its diagnostic implementation for enhancing prevention, treatment predictability, and addressing global antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Manoil
- Division of Cariology and Endodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Parga
- Division of Cariology and Endodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Buetas E, Jordán-López M, López-Roldán A, Mira A, Carda-Diéguez M. Impact of Periodontitis on the Leakage of Oral Bacteria to the Gut. J Dent Res 2024; 103:289-297. [PMID: 38193290 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231221709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and periodontitis have recently been related due to the higher incidence of CRC in periodontal patients and the involvement of periodontal pathogens in carcinogenesis, suggesting that leakage from the oral cavity to the gut occurs. However, the magnitude of this pass-through in healthy individuals is controversial, and the effect that periodontitis could play in it is understudied. To evaluate the rate of bacterial leakage from the oral cavity to the gut, we analyzed the microbial composition of saliva, subgingival plaque, and fecal samples in healthy individuals without gastrointestinal disorders, including 20 periodontitis patients and 20 oral healthy controls, using PacBio full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. As expected, we observed a higher abundance of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque and saliva of periodontal patients. In contrast, no significant differences were found between the fecal samples of both groups, implying that gut samples from periodontal patients were not enriched in periodontal pathogens. Fusobacterium nucleatum, a biomarker of CRC, was not found in the fecal samples of any participant. Our study does show a small leakage of some oral bacteria (mainly streptococci) to the gut, regardless of periodontal health status. Future studies should test whether other host factors and/or the preexistence of a gut disorder must be present in addition to periodontitis to promote the colonization of the gut by oral pathogens. The absence of periodontal pathogens in feces supports the idea that these bacteria could be used as biomarkers of intestinal disorders, including CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Buetas
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Jordán-López
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A López-Roldán
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carda-Diéguez
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Tan J, Lamont GJ, Sekula M, Hong H, Sloan L, Scott DA. The transcriptomic response to cannabidiol of Treponema denticola, a phytocannabinoid-resistant periodontal pathogen. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:222-232. [PMID: 38105008 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM The use of cannabis, which contains multiple antimicrobials, may be a risk factor for periodontitis. We hypothesized that multiple oral spirochetes would be phytocannabinoid-resistant and that cannabidiol (CBD) would act as an environmental stressor to which Treponema denticola would respond transcriptionally, thereby providing first insights into spirochetal survival strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral spirochete growth was monitored spectrophotometrically in the presence and absence of physiologically relevant phytocannabinoid doses, the transcriptional response to phytocannabinoid exposure determined by RNAseq, specific gene activity fluxes verified using qRT-PCR and orthologues among fully sequenced oral spirochetes identified. RESULTS Multiple strains of oral treponemes were resistant to CBD (0.1-10 μg/mL), while T. denticola ATCC 35405 was resistant to all phytocannabinoids tested (CBD, cannabinol [CBN], tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]). A total of 392 T. denticola ATCC 35405 genes were found to be CBD-responsive by RNAseq. A selected subset of these genes was independently verified by qRT-PCR. Genes found to be differentially activated by both methods included several involved in transcriptional regulation and toxin control. Suppressed genes included several involved in chemotaxis and proteolysis. CONCLUSIONS Oral spirochetes, unlike some other periodontal bacteria, are resistant to physiological doses of phytocannabinoids. Investigation of CBD-induced transcriptomic changes provided insight into the resistance mechanisms of this important periodontal pathogen. These findings should be considered in the context of the reported enhanced susceptibility to periodontitis in cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Tan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gwyneth J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michael Sekula
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - HeeJue Hong
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lucy Sloan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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12
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Li Z, Huang Q, Wang Z, Huang L, Gu L. Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on Modeling Subgingival Microbiome and Impairment of Oral Epithelial Barrier. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:262-272. [PMID: 37855446 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an exemplar of dysbiosis associated with the coordinated action of multiple members within the microbial consortium. The polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis hypothesis proposes a dynamic host-microbiome balance, with certain modulators capable of disrupting eubiosis and driving shifts towards dysbiosis within the community. However, these factors remain to be explored. We established a Porphyromonas gingivalis- or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-modified subgingival microbiome model and 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans altered the microbiome structure and composition indicated by α and β diversity metrics. P. gingivalis increased the subgingival dysbiosis index (SDI), while A. actinomycetemcomitans resulted in a lower SDI. Furthermore, P. gingivalis-stimulated microbiomes compromised epithelium function and reduced expression of tight junction proteins, whereas A. actinomycetemcomitans yielded mild effects. In conclusion, by inoculating P. gingivalis, we created dysbiotic microcosm biofilms in vitro resembling periodontitis-related subgingival microbiota, exhibiting enhanced dysbiosis and impaired epithelium integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoran Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijia Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Gu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Rosier BT, Johnston W, Carda-Diéguez M, Simpson A, Cabello-Yeves E, Piela K, Reilly R, Artacho A, Easton C, Burleigh M, Culshaw S, Mira A. Nitrate reduction capacity of the oral microbiota is impaired in periodontitis: potential implications for systemic nitric oxide availability. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:1. [PMID: 38177101 PMCID: PMC10767001 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The reduction of nitrate to nitrite by the oral microbiota has been proposed to be important for oral health and results in nitric oxide formation that can improve cardiometabolic conditions. Studies of bacterial composition in subgingival plaque suggest that nitrate-reducing bacteria are associated with periodontal health, but the impact of periodontitis on nitrate-reducing capacity (NRC) and, therefore, nitric oxide availability has not been evaluated. The current study aimed to evaluate how periodontitis affects the NRC of the oral microbiota. First, 16S rRNA sequencing data from five different countries were analyzed, revealing that nitrate-reducing bacteria were significantly lower in subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients compared with healthy individuals (P < 0.05 in all five datasets with n = 20-82 samples per dataset). Secondly, subgingival plaque, saliva, and plasma samples were obtained from 42 periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment. The oral NRC was determined in vitro by incubating saliva with 8 mmol/L nitrate (a concentration found in saliva after nitrate-rich vegetable intake) and compared with the NRC of 15 healthy individuals. Salivary NRC was found to be diminished in periodontal patients before treatment (P < 0.05) but recovered to healthy levels 90 days post-treatment. Additionally, the subgingival levels of nitrate-reducing bacteria increased after treatment and correlated negatively with periodontitis-associated bacteria (P < 0.01). No significant effect of periodontal treatment on the baseline saliva and plasma nitrate and nitrite levels was found, indicating that differences in the NRC may only be revealed after nitrate intake. Our results suggest that an impaired NRC in periodontitis could limit dietary nitrate-derived nitric oxide levels, and the effect on systemic health should be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob T Rosier
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - William Johnston
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Annabel Simpson
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Elena Cabello-Yeves
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Krystyna Piela
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Reilly
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chris Easton
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Mia Burleigh
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Lê S, Minty M, Boyer É, Blasco-Baque V, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Meuric V. [Oral microbiota and liver]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:42-48. [PMID: 38299902 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver has many important biological functions for the body, as it is involved in the storage and distribution of nutrients (carbohydrates to glycogen, lipids to triglycerides), the digestion of fats, the synthesis of blood proteins, and the detoxification of alcohol and drugs. The liver can be affected by various diseases such as viral or drug-induced hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis, in which damaged hepatocytes are progressively replaced by scar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lê
- Département dentaire, université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), Toulouse, France - Service d'odontologie Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France - UMR1297 Inserm, équipe InCOMM (Intestine ClinicOmics Metabolism & Microbiota), Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires (I2MC), université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Matthieu Minty
- Département dentaire, université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), Toulouse, France - Service d'odontologie Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France - UMR1297 Inserm, équipe InCOMM (Intestine ClinicOmics Metabolism & Microbiota), Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires (I2MC), université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Émile Boyer
- Inserm U1317, Inrae, université de Rennes, CHU de Rennes, site Pontchaillou-Villejean, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Blasco-Baque
- Département dentaire, université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), Toulouse, France - Service d'odontologie Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France - UMR1297 Inserm, équipe InCOMM (Intestine ClinicOmics Metabolism & Microbiota), Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires (I2MC), université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Bonnaure-Mallet
- Inserm U1317, Inrae, université de Rennes, CHU de Rennes, site Pontchaillou-Villejean, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Meuric
- Inserm U1317, Inrae, université de Rennes, CHU de Rennes, site Pontchaillou-Villejean, Rennes, France
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15
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Chew RJJ, Goh CE, Sriram G, Preshaw PM, Tan KS. Microbial biomarkers as a predictor of periodontal treatment response: A systematic review. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1113-1127. [PMID: 37724467 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the prognostic accuracy of microbial biomarkers and their associations with the response to active periodontal treatment (APT) and supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Microbial dysbiosis plays a crucial role in the disease processes of periodontitis. Biomarkers based on microbial composition may offer additional prognostic value, supplementing the limitations of current clinical parameters. While these microbial biomarkers have been clinically evaluated, there is a lack of consensus regarding their prognostic accuracy. A structured search strategy was applied to MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and Embase on 1/11/2022 to identify relevant publications. Prospective clinical studies involving either APT or SPT, with at least 3-month follow-up were included. There were no restrictions on the type of microbial compositional analysis. 1918 unique records were retrieved, and 13 studies (comprising 943 adult patients) were included. Heterogeneity of the studies precluded a meta-analysis, and none of the included studies had performed the sequence analysis of the periodontal microbiome. Seven and six studies reported on response to APT and SPT, respectively. The prognostic accuracy of the microbial biomarkers for APT and SPT was examined in only two and four studies, respectively. Microbial biomarkers had limited predictive accuracy for APT and inconsistent associations for different species across studies. For SPT, elevated abundance of periodontal pathogens at the start of SPT was predictive of subsequent periodontal progression. Similarly, persistent high pathogen loads were consistently associated with progressive periodontitis, defined as an increased pocket probing depth or clinical attachment loss. While there was insufficient evidence to support the clinical use of microbial biomarkers as prognostic tools for active periodontal treatment outcomes, biomarkers that quantify periodontal pathogen loads may offer prognostic value for predicting progressive periodontitis in the subsequent supportive periodontal therapy phase. Additional research will be required to translate information regarding subgingival biofilm composition and phenotype into clinically relevant prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Jie Jacob Chew
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charlene Enhui Goh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kai Soo Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Molli VLP, Kissa J, Baraniya D, Gharibi A, Chen T, Al-Hebshi NN, Albandar JM. Bacteriome analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-JP2 genotype-associated Grade C periodontitis in Moroccan adolescents. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1288499. [PMID: 38033462 PMCID: PMC10682098 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1288499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Grade C (previously aggressive) periodontitis (GCP) in adolescents is prevalent in certain parts of Africa where it is associated with JP2 genotype, a highly virulent strain of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The aim of this study was to characterize the subgingival bacteriome in Moroccan subjects with GCP positive to A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 genotype. Methods Subgingival plaque samples were collected from shallow and deep pockets of 8 subjects with GCP (17.2 ± 1.5 years) and from gingival sulci of 13 controls with no periodontitis (14.6 ± 1.1 years). Identification and genotyping of A. actinomycetemcomitans was performed using PCR analysis of the ltx operon, while bacteriome profiling was done by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V1-V3 region). Groups were compared in terms of microbial diversity, abundances, and dysbiosis. Results The shallow and deep pocket sites from GCP cases had a significantly altered microbial composition compared to controls. Species associated with health included Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Lautropia mirabilis, Streptococcus spp., Gemella spp., and Rothia spp. While known periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema spp. and Fretibacterium spp., were significantly enriched in GCP, non-conventional taxa, including Pseudomonas oral taxon C61 and Enterobacter cloacae were more abundant and showed stronger association with the disease. Less significant differences in abundances of individual taxa were observed between shallow and deep pockets. Overall dysbiosis measured in terms of Subgingival Microbial Dysbiosis Index (SMDI) differentiated between GCP and no-periodontitis with 95% accuracy. Conclusions The results suggest that several periodontal pathogens involved in the adult-type periodontitis also play a role in JP2 genotype-associated GCP. The potential role of non-conventional taxa in the pathogenesis of GCP warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Lakshmi Pavani Molli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jamila Kissa
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Divyashri Baraniya
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amina Gharibi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nezar N. Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jasim M. Albandar
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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17
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Arredondo A, Àlvarez G, Isabal S, Teughels W, Laleman I, Contreras MJ, Isbej L, Huapaya E, Mendoza G, Mor C, Nart J, Blanc V, León R. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing study of subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis from four different countries. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1176-1187. [PMID: 37246304 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the differences between the subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects (HS) and periodontitis patients (PP) from four different countries through a metagenomic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgingival samples were obtained from subjects from four different countries. Microbial composition was analysed through high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The country of origin, diagnosis and clinical and demographic variables of the subjects were used to analyse the microbial profiles. RESULTS In total, 506 subgingival samples were analysed: 196 from HS and 310 from patients with periodontitis. Differences in richness, diversity and microbial composition were observed when comparing samples pertaining to different countries of origin and different subject diagnoses. Clinical variables, such as bleeding on probing, did not significantly affect the bacterial composition of the samples. A highly conserved core of microbiota associated with periodontitis was detected, while the microbiota associated with periodontally HS was much more diverse. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal diagnosis of the subjects was the main variable explaining the composition of the microbiota in the subgingival niche. Nevertheless, the country of origin also had a significant impact on the microbiota and is therefore an important factor to consider when describing subgingival bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Isabal
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Laleman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M J Contreras
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Isbej
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Huapaya
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - G Mendoza
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania, School of dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C Mor
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R León
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Hagenfeld D, Kleine Bardenhorst S, Matern J, Prior K, Harks I, Eickholz P, Lorenz K, Kim TS, Kocher T, Meyle J, Kaner D, Schlagenhauf U, Harmsen D, Ehmke B. Long-term changes in the subgingival microbiota in patients with stage III-IV periodontitis treated by mechanical therapy and adjunctive systemic antibiotics: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1101-1112. [PMID: 37160709 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore whether adjunctive antibiotics can relevantly influence long-term microbiota changes in stage III-IV periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial on periodontal therapy with adjunctive 500 mg amoxicillin and 400 mg metronidazole or placebo thrice daily for 7 days. Subgingival plaque samples were taken before and 2, 8, 14 and 26 months after mechanical therapy. The V4-hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced with Illumina MiSeq 250 base pair paired-end reads. Changes at the ribosomal sequence variant (RSV) level, diversity and subgingival-microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI) were explored with a negative binomial regression model and non-parametric tests. RESULTS Overall, 50.2% of all raw reads summed up to 72 RSVs (3.0%) that were generated from 163 stage III-IV periodontitis patients. Of those, 16 RSVs, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, changed significantly over 26 months because of adjunctive systemic antibiotics. SMDI decreased significantly more in the antibiotic group at all timepoints, whereas the 2-month differences in alpha and beta diversity between groups were not significant at 8 and 14 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical periodontal therapy with adjunctive antibiotics induced a relevant and long-term sustainable change towards an oral microbiome more associated with oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hagenfeld
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Muenster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Kleine Bardenhorst
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Muenster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Matern
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Muenster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Karola Prior
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Muenster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Inga Harks
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Muenster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Lorenz
- Department of Periodontology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ti-Sun Kim
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Doğan Kaner
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schlagenhauf
- Department of Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dag Harmsen
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Muenster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ehmke
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Muenster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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Mazurel D, Carda-Diéguez M, Langenburg T, Žiemytė M, Johnston W, Martínez CP, Albalat F, Llena C, Al-Hebshi N, Culshaw S, Mira A, Rosier BT. Nitrate and a nitrate-reducing Rothia aeria strain as potential prebiotic or synbiotic treatments for periodontitis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:40. [PMID: 37330520 PMCID: PMC10276839 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A few studies indicate that nitrate can reduce dysbiosis from a periodontitis point of view. However, these experiments were performed on samples from healthy individuals, and it is unknown if nitrate will be effective in periodontal patients, where the presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria is clearly reduced. The aim of this study was to test the effect of nitrate and a nitrate-reducing R. aeria (Ra9) on subgingival biofilms of patients with periodontitis. For this, subgingival plaque was incubated with 5 mM nitrate for 7 h (n = 20) or 50 mM nitrate for 12 h (n = 10), achieving a ~50% of nitrate reduction in each case. Additionally, Ra9 was combined with 5 mM nitrate (n = 11), increasing the nitrate reduced and nitrite produced (both p < 0.05). The addition of nitrate to periodontitis communities decreased biofilm mass (50 mM > 5 mM, both p < 0.05). Five millimolar nitrate, 50 mM nitrate and 5 mM nitrate + Ra9 led to 3, 28 and 20 significant changes in species abundance, respectively, which were mostly decreases in periodontitis-associated species. These changes led to a respective 15%, 63% (both p < 0.05) and 6% (not significant) decrease in the dysbiosis index. Using a 10-species biofilm model, decreases in periodontitis-associated species in the presence of nitrate were confirmed by qPCR (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, nitrate metabolism can reduce dysbiosis and biofilm growth of periodontitis communities. Five millimolar nitrate (which can be found in saliva after vegetable intake) was sufficient, while increasing this concentration to 50 mM (which could be achieved by topical applications such as a periodontal gel) increased the positive effects. Ra9 increased the nitrate metabolism of periodontitis communities and should be tested in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Mazurel
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - William Johnston
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nezar Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Bob T Rosier
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain.
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20
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Miyai-Murai Y, Okamoto-Shibayama K, Sato T, Kikuchi Y, Kokubu E, Potempa J, Ishihara K. Localization and pathogenic role of the cysteine protease dentipain in Treponema denticola. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:212-223. [PMID: 36641800 PMCID: PMC10175099 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Msp protein complex and the serine protease dentilisin are the best-characterized virulence factors in Treponema denticola, the major etiological agent of chronic periodontitis. In addition to these outer sheath factors, the cysteine protease dentipain contributes to pathogenicity, but its secretion, processing, cellular localization, and role in T. denticola virulence are not fully understood. In this study, we found that full-sized dentipain (74-kDa) and the 52-kDa truncated form of the enzyme are located, respectively, in the outer sheath derived from T. denticola dentilisin- and the Msp-deficient mutants. Furthermore, dentipain was barely detected in the wild-type strain. These results suggest that dentilisin and Msp, the major outer sheath proteins, are involved in the secretion and maturation of dentipain. Inactivation of the dentipain gene slowed the growth of T. denticola, and the effect was more profound in serum-free medium than in serum-containing medium. Several genes, including those encoding transporters and methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, were differentially expressed in the dentipain-deficient mutant. Furthermore, the mutant strain was more hydrophobic than the wild-type strain. Finally, the mutant showed less autoaggregation activity and adhesion to IgG in a serum-free medium than the wild-type strain. These findings suggest that dentipain contributes to the virulence of T. denticola by facilitating adhesion and acquisition of nutrients essential for colonization and proliferation in the gingival crevice under serum-rich conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Miyai-Murai
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kazuko Okamoto-Shibayama
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Toru Sato
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kikuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Eitoyo Kokubu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland and Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Ishihara
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
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21
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Hajishengallis G, Lamont RJ, Koo H. Oral polymicrobial communities: Assembly, function, and impact on diseases. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:528-538. [PMID: 36933557 PMCID: PMC10101935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Oral microbial communities assemble into complex spatial structures. The sophisticated physical and chemical signaling systems underlying the community enable their collective functional regulation as well as the ability to adapt by integrating environmental information. The combined output of community action, as shaped by both intra-community interactions and host and environmental variables, dictates homeostatic balance or dysbiotic disease such as periodontitis and dental caries. Oral polymicrobial dysbiosis also exerts systemic effects that adversely affect comorbidities, in part due to ectopic colonization of oral pathobionts in extra-oral tissues. Here, we review new and emerging concepts that explain the collective functional properties of oral polymicrobial communities and how these impact health and disease both locally and systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Hyun Koo
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Biofilm Research Laboratories, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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22
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Krajewski A, Perussolo J, Gkranias N, Donos N. Influence of periodontal surgery on the subgingival microbiome-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:308-324. [PMID: 36597817 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of periodontal surgery on the subgingival microbiome. BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the tooth supporting tissues caused by the dysbiosis of the subgingival biofilm. It is managed through different non-surgical and surgical treatment modalities. Recent EFP S3 guidelines recommended performing periodontal surgery as part of Step 3 periodontitis treatment after Step 1 and Step 2 periodontal therapy, with the aim to achieve pocket closure of persisting sites. Changes in the sub-gingival microbiome may explain the treatment outcomes observed at different time points. Various microbiological detection techniques for disease-associated pathogens have been evolved over time and have been described in the literature. However, the impact of different types of periodontal surgery on the subgingival microbiome remains unclear. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, LILACS and Cochrane Library supplemented by manual search (23DEC2019, updated 21APR2022). RESULTS From an initial search of 3046 studies, 28 were included according to our specific inclusion criteria. Seven microbiological detection techniques were used to analyse disease-associated species in subgingival plaque samples: optical microscope, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), checkerboard, enzymatic reactions, immunofluorescence and 16S gene sequencing. The included studies exhibited differences in various aspects of their methodologies such as subgingival plaque sample collection or treatment modalities. Clinical data showed a significant decrease in probing pocket depths (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) after periodontal surgery. Microbiological findings were overall heterogeneous. Meta-analysis was performed on a sub-cohort of studies all using checkerboard as a microbiological detection technique. Random effect models for Treponema denticola (T. denticola), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia) did not show a significant effect on mean counts 3 months after periodontal surgery. Notably, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) showed a significant increase 3 months after periodontal surgery. 16S gene sequencing was used in one included study and reported a decrease in disease-associated species with an increase in health-associated species after periodontal surgery at 3 and 6 months. CONCLUSION This systematic review has shown that the effect of periodontal surgery on the changes in subgingival microbiome is heterogeneous and may not always be associated with a decrease in disease-associated species. The variability could be attributed to the microbiological techniques employed for the analysis. Therefore, there is a need for well-designed and adequately powered studies to understand how periodontal surgery influences the subgingival microbiome and how the individual's microbiome affects treatment outcomes after periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krajewski
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeniffer Perussolo
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Gkranias
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nikos Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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23
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Cores Ziskoven P, Nogueira AVB, Gutierrez LS, Weusmann J, Eick S, Buduneli N, Deschner J. Apelin Enhances the Effects of Fusobacterium nucleatum on Periodontal Ligament Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054733. [PMID: 36902162 PMCID: PMC10002786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore effects of Fusobacterium nucleatum with or without apelin on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells to better understand pathomechanistic links between periodontitis and obesity. First, the actions of F. nucleatum on COX2, CCL2, and MMP1 expressions were assessed. Subsequently, PDL cells were incubated with F. nucleatum in the presence and absence of apelin to study the modulatory effects of this adipokine on molecules related to inflammation and hard and soft tissue turnover. Regulation of apelin and its receptor (APJ) by F. nucleatum was also studied. F. nucleatum resulted in elevated COX2, CCL2, and MMP1 expressions in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Combination of F. nucleatum and apelin led to the highest (p < 0.05) expression levels of COX2, CCL2, CXCL8, TNF-α, and MMP1 at 48 h. The effects of F. nucleatum and/or apelin on CCL2 and MMP1 were MEK1/2- and partially NF-κB-dependent. The combined effects of F. nucleatum and apelin on CCL2 and MMP1 were also observed at protein level. Moreover, F. nucleatum downregulated (p < 0.05) the apelin and APJ expressions. In conclusion, obesity could contribute to periodontitis through apelin. The local production of apelin/APJ in PDL cells also suggests a role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cores Ziskoven
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andressa V. B. Nogueira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0-6131-17-7091
| | - Lorena S. Gutierrez
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil
| | - Jens Weusmann
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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24
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Belibasakis GN, Belstrøm D, Eick S, Gursoy UK, Johansson A, Könönen E. Periodontal microbiology and microbial etiology of periodontal diseases: Historical concepts and contemporary perspectives. Periodontol 2000 2023. [PMID: 36661184 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes the collective knowledge on periodontal microbiology, through a historical timeline that highlights the European contribution in the global field. The etiological concepts on periodontal disease culminate to the ecological plaque hypothesis and its dysbiosis-centered interpretation. Reference is made to anerobic microbiology and to the discovery of select periodontal pathogens and their virulence factors, as well as to biofilms. The evolution of contemporary molecular methods and high-throughput platforms is highlighted in appreciating the breadth and depth of the periodontal microbiome. Finally clinical microbiology is brought into perspective with the contribution of different microbial species in periodontal diagnosis, the combination of microbial and host biomarkers for this purpose, and the use of antimicrobials in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulvi K Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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25
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Butcher MC, Short B, Veena CLR, Bradshaw D, Pratten JR, McLean W, Shaban SMA, Ramage G, Delaney C. Meta-analysis of caries microbiome studies can improve upon disease prediction outcomes. APMIS 2022; 130:763-777. [PMID: 36050830 PMCID: PMC9825849 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most prevalent infective diseases worldwide, it is crucial that we not only know the constituents of the oral microbiome in dental caries but also understand its functionality. Herein, we present a reproducible meta-analysis to effectively report the key components and the associated functional signature of the oral microbiome in dental caries. Publicly available sequencing data were downloaded from online repositories and subjected to a standardized analysis pipeline before analysis. Meta-analyses identified significant differences in alpha and beta diversities of carious microbiomes when compared to healthy ones. Additionally, machine learning and receiver operator characteristic analysis showed an ability to discriminate between healthy and disease microbiomes. We identified from importance values, as derived from random forest analyses, a group of genera, notably containing Selenomonas, Aggregatibacter, Actinomyces and Treponema, which can be predictive of dental caries. Finally, we propose the most appropriate study design for investigating the microbiome of dental caries by synthesizing the studies, which had the most accurate differentiation based on random forest modelling. In conclusion, we have developed a non-biased, reproducible pipeline, which can be applied to microbiome meta-analyses of multiple diseases, but importantly we have derived from our meta-analysis a key group of organisms that can be used to identify individuals at risk of developing dental caries based on oral microbiome inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Butcher
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Bryn Short
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Chandra Lekha Ramalingam Veena
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - William McLean
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Suror Mohamad Ahmad Shaban
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Christopher Delaney
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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26
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Baraniya D, Do T, Chen T, Albandar JM, Chialastri SM, Devine DA, Marsh PD, Al-Hebshi NN. Optimization of conditions for in vitro modeling of subgingival normobiosis and dysbiosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1031029. [PMID: 36406462 PMCID: PMC9670125 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1031029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling subgingival microbiome in health and disease is key to identifying the drivers of dysbiosis and to studying microbiome modulation. Here, we optimize growth conditions of our previously described in vitro subgingival microbiome model. Subgingival plaque samples from healthy and periodontitis subjects were used as inocula to grow normobiotic and dysbiotic microbiomes in MBEC assay plates. Saliva supplemented with 1%, 2%, 3.5%, or 5% (v/v) heat-inactivated human serum was used as a growth medium under shaking or non-shaking conditions. The microbiomes were harvested at 4, 7, 10 or 13 days of growth (384 microbiomes in total) and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Biomass significantly increased as a function of serum concentration and incubation period. Independent of growth conditions, the health- and periodontitis-derived microbiomes clustered separately with their respective inocula. Species richness/diversity slightly increased with time but was adversely affected by higher serum concentrations especially in the periodontitis-derived microbiomes. Microbial dysbiosis increased with time and serum concentration. Porphyromonas and Alloprevotella were substantially enriched in higher serum concentrations at the expense of Streptococcus, Fusobacterium and Prevotella. An increase in Porphyromonas, Bacteroides and Mogibacterium accompanied by a decrease in Prevotella, Catonella, and Gemella were the most prominent changes over time. Shaking had only minor effects. Overall, the health-derived microbiomes grown for 4 days in 1% serum, and periodontitis-derived microbiomes grown for 7 days in 3.5%-5% serum were the most similar to the respective inocula. In conclusion, normobiotic and dysbiostic subgingival microbiomes can be grown reproducibly in saliva supplemented with serum, but time and serum concentration need to be adjusted differently for the health and periodontitis-derived microbiomes to maximize similarity to in vivo inocula. The optimized model could be used to identify drivers of dysbiosis, and to evaluate interventions such as microbiome modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyashri Baraniya
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thuy Do
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jasim M. Albandar
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Susan M. Chialastri
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Deirdre A. Devine
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D. Marsh
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nezar N. Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Nezar N. Al-Hebshi,
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27
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Jockel-Schneider Y, Stoelzel P, Hess J, Haubitz I, Fickl S, Schlagenhauf U. Impact of a Specific Collagen Peptide Food Supplement on Periodontal Inflammation in Aftercare Patients-A Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:4473. [PMID: 36364735 PMCID: PMC9658266 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This controlled clinical trial evaluated the impact of a specific collagen peptide food supplement on parameters of periodontal inflammation in aftercare patients. Methods: A total of 39 study patients were enrolled. At baseline, bleeding on probing (BoP; primary outcome), gingival index (GI), plaque control record (PCR), recession (REC) and probing pocket depth (PPD) for the calculation of the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) were documented. After subsequent professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR), participants were randomly provided with a supply of sachets containing either a specific collagen peptide preparation (test group; n = 20) or a placebo (placebo group; n = 19) to be consumed dissolved in liquid once daily until reevaluation at day 90. Results: PMPR supplemented with the consumption of the specific collagen peptides resulted in a significantly lower mean percentage of persisting BoP-positive sites than PMPR plus placebo (test: 10.4% baseline vs. 3.0% reevaluation; placebo: 14.2% baseline vs. 9.4% reevaluation; effect size: 0.86). Mean PISA and GI values were also reduced compared to baseline, with a significant difference in favor of the test group (PISA test: 170.6 mm2 baseline vs. 53.7 mm2 reevaluation; PISA placebo: 229.4 mm2 baseline vs. 184.3 mm2 reevaluation; GI test: 0.5 baseline vs. 0.1 reevaluation; GI placebo: 0.4 baseline vs. 0.3 reevaluation). PCR was also significantly decreased in both experimental groups at revaluation, but the difference between the groups did not reach the level of significance. Conclusions: The supplementary intake of specific collagen peptides may further enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of PMPR in periodontal recall patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Jockel-Schneider
- Department of Periodontology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
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28
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Marotz C, Molinsky R, Martino C, Bohn B, Roy S, Rosenbaum M, Desvarieux M, Yuzefpolskaya M, Paster BJ, Jacobs DR, Colombo PC, Papapanou PN, Knight R, Demmer RT. Early microbial markers of periodontal and cardiometabolic diseases in ORIGINS. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:30. [PMID: 35444197 PMCID: PMC9021254 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis affects up to 50% of individuals worldwide, and 8.5% are diagnosed with diabetes. The high-comorbidity rate of these diseases may suggest, at least in part, a shared etiology and pathophysiology. Changes in oral microbial communities have been documented in the context of severe periodontitis and diabetes, both independently and together. However, much less is known about the early oral microbial markers of these diseases. We used a subset of the ORIGINS project dataset, which collected detailed periodontal and cardiometabolic information from 787 healthy individuals, to identify early microbial markers of periodontitis and its association with markers of cardiometabolic health. Using state-of-the-art compositional data analysis tools, we identified the log-ratio of Treponema to Corynebacterium bacteria to be a novel Microbial Indicator of Periodontitis (MIP), and found that this MIP correlates with poor periodontal health and cardiometabolic markers early in disease pathogenesis in both subgingival plaque and saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Marotz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Molinsky
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cameron Martino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Bohn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sumith Roy
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moïse Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Rosier BT, Takahashi N, Zaura E, Krom BP, MartÍnez-Espinosa RM, van Breda SGJ, Marsh PD, Mira A. The Importance of Nitrate Reduction for Oral Health. J Dent Res 2022; 101:887-897. [PMID: 35196931 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221080982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands concentrate plasma nitrate into saliva, leading to high nitrate concentrations that can reach the millimolar range after a nitrate-rich vegetable meal. Whereas human cells cannot reduce nitrate to nitrite effectively, certain oral bacteria can. This leads to an increase in systemic nitrite that can improve conditions such as hypertension and diabetes through nitric oxide availability. Apart from systemic benefits, it has been proposed that microbial nitrate reduction can also promote oral health. In this review, we discuss evidence associating dietary nitrate with oral health. Oral bacteria can reduce nitrite to nitric oxide, a free radical with antimicrobial properties capable of inhibiting sensitive species such as anaerobes involved in periodontal diseases. Nitrate has also been shown to increase resilience against salivary acidification in vivo and in vitro, thus preventing caries development. One potential mechanism is proton consumption during denitrification and/or bacterial reduction of nitrite to ammonium. Additionally, lactic acid (organic acid involved in oral acidification) and hydrogen sulfide (volatile compound involved in halitosis) can act as electron donors for these processes. The nitrate-reducing bacteria Rothia and Neisseria are consistently found at higher levels in individuals free of oral disease (vs. individuals with caries, periodontitis, and/or halitosis) and increase when nitrate is consumed in clinical studies. Preliminary in vitro and clinical evidence show that bacteria normally associated with disease, such as Veillonella (caries) and Prevotella (periodontal diseases and halitosis), decrease in the presence of nitrate. We propose nitrate as an ecologic factor stimulating eubiosis (i.e., an increase in health-associated species and functions). Finally, we discuss the preventive and therapeutic potential, as well as safety issues, related to the use of nitrate. In vivo evidence is limited; therefore, robust clinical studies are required to confirm the potential benefits of nitrate reduction on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Takahashi
- Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - E Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B P Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R M MartÍnez-Espinosa
- Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - S G J van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - P D Marsh
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
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