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DiBenedetti C, Zimmerman GM, Fridel EE. Examining the Etiology of Asian American Suicide in the United States. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02039-4. [PMID: 38829567 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Research highlights racial and ethnic disparities in suicide, but Asian American suicide receives very little attention in the literature. This is the first comprehensive, large-scale, nationally representative study of completed suicide among Asian Americans in the United States. Descriptive and multilevel regression techniques compared the risk factors for completed suicide across 227,786 Asian American, White, African American, Hispanic, and American Indian suicide decedents from 2003 to 2019. Results indicated that Asian American suicide decedents were significantly less likely than their counterparts to have several risk factors for suicide. Asian Americans were less likely to be male, uneducated, and unmarried. Asian Americans were less likely to use alcohol and drugs, to have mental health problems, and to die by firearm, relative to other suicide methods. Asian Americans were less likely to have a history of prior suicide attempts, to have intimate partner problems, and to have criminal legal problems. Conversely, Asian Americans were more likely to reside in places with higher levels of concentrated disadvantage, residential instability, racial and ethnic heterogeneity, and population density. The results underscore the need for race-specific suicide prevention strategies that, for Asian Americans in particular, take into account cultural values and barriers to help-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie DiBenedetti
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, 204 Churchill Hall 360 Huntington Avenue, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Gregory M Zimmerman
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, 204 Churchill Hall 360 Huntington Avenue, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Emma E Fridel
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, 112 S. Copeland Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA.
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2
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Bakken V, Lydersen S, Skokauskas N, Sund AM, Kaasbøll J. Protective factors for suicidal ideation: a prospective study from adolescence to adulthood. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02379-w. [PMID: 38356041 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent suicidality is associated with negative outcomes in adulthood. Suicide prevention has traditionally focused on identifying risk factors, yet suicide rates have remained stable. With suicidality often going undetected-especially suicidal ideation, further knowledge about protective factors is needed. The main objective of this study was to investigate potential protective factors for suicidal ideation from adolescence to adulthood. The study employed longitudinal population survey data, "Youth and Mental Health Study" consisting of self-reports at two-time points (mean age 14.9, SD = 0.6 and 27.2, SD = 0.6) (n = 2423 and n = 1198). Protective factors (at individual, social and environmental level) were selected based on a priori knowledge. Internal consistency of scales was analyzed using McDonald's omega. We used a linear mixed model with suicidal ideation as the dependent variable, time-points, a protective factor variable and their interaction as covariates, and individual participant as random effects. We adjusted for sex and also conducted separate analyses for males and females. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to adjust p-values for multiple hypotheses. Investigated protective factors were associated with temporal change in suicidal ideation (significant interactions). For both sexes, less emotion-orientated coping, higher self-perception scores, greater levels of physical activity and higher school wellbeing/connectedness were protective factors for suicidal ideations. Secure attachment and higher family function were protective factors for females only. The effects in adolescence were mostly maintained in adulthood. In this study, several protective factors for suicidal ideation persisted into adulthood, with distinct differences between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bakken
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Norbert Skokauskas
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Mari Sund
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jannike Kaasbøll
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway
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3
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Salerno JP, Getrich CM, Fish JN, Castillo Y, Edmiston S, Sandoval P, Aparicio EM, Fryer CS, Boekeloo BO. Profiles of psychosocial stressors and buffers among Latinx immigrant youth: Associations with suicidal ideation. Psychiatry Res 2023; 330:115583. [PMID: 37995421 PMCID: PMC10841582 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the associations of latent profile group membership based on post-migration psychosocial stressors (proximal immigrant minority stress) and buffers (family, peer, and school support, and ethnic identity importance), and distal stressors (pre- to post-migration victimization and forced immigration-related family separation) with suicidal ideation among immigrant youth from the Northern Triangle (NT). Surveys were administered in a public high school-based Latinx immigrant youth support program between Spring 2019 and Spring 2022 (N = 172). A three latent profile model was previously identified, characterized by moderate stress/low buffer (weak resources), moderate stress/moderate buffer (average resources), and low stress/high buffer (strong resources) levels of psychosocial stressors and buffers. Associations of profile membership and the previously mentioned distal stressors with suicidal ideation were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Findings revealed that youth in the strong resources group experienced significant protection from suicidal ideation compared to youth in both the average and weak resources groups. Distal stressors were not significantly associated with suicidal ideation in multivariable analysis. Immigrant youth from the NT may require substantial buffering resources (i.e., ethnic identity importance, and school, family, and peer support) and minimization of proximal immigrant minority stress during post-migration to experience protection from suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Salerno
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Christina M Getrich
- Department of Anthropology, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Jessica N Fish
- Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth M Aparicio
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Craig S Fryer
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Bradley O Boekeloo
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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Myerson JT, Thomas JK, Rufino KA, Noor N, Patriquin MA. Relationship between parental attachment styles and suicide in adolescents and adults admitted to an inpatient psychiatric hospital. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:170-175. [PMID: 37633528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is among one of the leading causes of death in the United States affecting individuals of all ages. METHODS We examined the relationship between suicide risk and parental attachment among an inpatient psychiatric sample of 690 adolescents and 1000 adults. Participants completed self-report measures of suicide risk and attachment. RESULTS We found that both adolescents and adults with insecure (i.e., preoccupied, dismissive, fearful) maternal and paternal attachment are at a significantly higher risk of suicide compared to those with secure maternal and paternal attachment. Adolescents who endorsed a previous suicide attempt (27.2 %) were less likely to have a secure maternal attachment, while adults who endorsed a previous suicide attempt (28.9 %) were less likely to have secure paternal attachment. LIMITATIONS Our sample had limited racial and ethnic diversity which may limit the generalizability of the results to a broader population. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence of the importance of parental attachment styles as a predictor of suicide-related behaviors across both adolescents and adults who are admitted inpatient. This suggests the importance of utilizing family-based interventions in order to reduce the risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katrina A Rufino
- The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX 77035, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Houston Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Nausheen Noor
- The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX 77035, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michelle A Patriquin
- The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX 77035, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Van Wyk JA. Is Violence, Violence no Matter Where it Strikes? Adjudicated Boys, Thwarted Belongingness, Perceived Burdensomeness, and Acquired Capability for Suicide. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP20816-NP20846. [PMID: 34841947 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211055080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explores treating violence against others as a precursor to self-directed violence. It tests the utility of including violence against others in the measure of acquired capability to test assumptions from the interpersonal theory of violence. Four theoretical hypotheses are assessed that are consistent with the theory: (1) thwarted belongingness (parental abandonment and rejection) and perceived burdensomeness (exposure to parental interpersonal violence and child abuse) independently increase the likelihood of suicidal ideation; (2) the interaction of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness increases the likelihood of suicidal ideation controlling for other pertinent variables; (3) the three-way interaction of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability (violence against others and prior suicidal attempts) increases the likelihood of suicidal attempts controlling for other pertinent variables; and (4) self-harm responds to the theoretical variables and similarly, to attempts. Subjects are court-adjudicated males (ages 13-18) who were residents for up to 1 year at the Ocean Tides School and rehabilitation center from 1975-2019. The data span 44 years and include 2195 youth. Depression, drug/alcohol use, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and interaction terms between SES and race and SES and ethnicity are also examined. Backward conditional logistic regression analyses find mixed support for the hypotheses, but strong support for including violence against others in the concept of acquired capability. Support is also found for conceptualizing child abuse and exposure to parental interpersonal violence as perceived burdensomeness in tests of this theory as well as measures of depression. Major implications for programming in the treatment and rehabilitation of delinquent boys include conceptualizing and approaching violence against others as a precursor to suicidal attempts and other self-directed harm.
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Sarkisian K, Planalp E, Van Hulle C, Goldsmith HH. Leveraging latent profile analysis to synthesize childhood and adolescent risk factors for suicidal ideation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272400. [PMID: 36044464 PMCID: PMC9432700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Person-centered typologies identified with latent profile analysis can clarify patterns of chronic and acute risk factors for suicidal ideation. We derived five profiles of individuals using cognitive, behavioral, and familial factors relating to suicidal ideation risk factors. Participants (n = 1,142) were assessed at age 8 using the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery and mother-reported parenting measures and at age 14 using interviews about clinical symptoms and suicidal ideation. The best-fitting model included five profiles: typical, elevated adolescent symptomology, mildly elevated typical, low childhood persistence, and very low childhood persistence/mixed symptoms. Participants in the elevated adolescent symptomology and very low childhood persistence/mixed symptoms profiles were 2.6 and 5.3 times more likely to report suicidal ideation compared with the typical profile. Overall, our results underscore how using a person-centered pattern recognition approach and incorporating facets of childhood behavior may enhance conceptualizations of adolescent suicidal ideation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Planalp
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Carol Van Hulle
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - H. H. Goldsmith
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
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7
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Zeng D, Wu X. Neighborhood collective efficacy in stressful events: The stress-buffering effect. Soc Sci Med 2022; 306:115154. [PMID: 35753169 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although research on neighborhood effects has shown positive outcomes of collective efficacy in mental health, few studies have examined whether its protective role is universally applicable to all residents or the vulnerable population. Building on a stress-buffering model, this study examines whether or not neighborhood collective efficacy serves as a stress buffer to ameliorate the deleterious effects of exposure to stressful events across different population groups. Analyses are conducted based on a city-wide representative sample in Hong Kong linked to suicide events through spatial and temporal information. Neighborhood-level collective efficacy is constructed by the aggregated mean score of individual perceived collective efficacy within the same residential neighborhoods. Results from the logistic regression models show that individuals exposed to suicide in the residential surroundings have a higher risk of mental distress symptoms. Moreover, neighborhood-level collective efficacy tends to alleviate the mental distress upon exposure, but such a stress-buffering effect is only observed in older adults. Our findings provide a new perspective informed by the variation of stress-buffering effect across population groups. Thus, this study contributes to the understandings of neighborhood collective by demonstrating the stress-buffering effects among the vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Zeng
- School of Philosophy and Social Development, South China Normal University, China.
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- Center for Applied Social and Economic Research, NYU, Shanghai, China; Department of Sociology, New York University, USA
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Feeling Capable in an Ubuntu Way: Kenyan Comprehensions of Control Beliefs Compared with the German Perspective. OPEN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In Western personnel psychology, control beliefs are a valued predictor for work-related outcomes. Yet, little is known about the culture-specific functioning of control in East Africa. Kenya, as an Ubuntu culture, is examined regarding control beliefs and contrasted with a German sample considered to represent an individualistic or Western culture. Responses to N=143 quantitative personality tests were attended with qualitative interviews on control beliefs (self-concept of ability, internality, powerful others, and chance). Content validity and factor structure of control beliefs were analyzed, followed by a Procrustean target rotation. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictability of job performance, achievement motivation, and well-being. Item comprehension, as well as factor structure of the four control aspects, differ between the two samples. In particular, the ‘powerful others’ control aspect diverges the most between the cultures. Linear regression analyses showed comparable, but not fully congruent predictability. Results indicate that an uncritical transfer of the control beliefs measure from one culture to another is inappropriate. Results fit in the picture of African Ubuntu philosophy, emphasizing social-relational aspects shaping control beliefs. More emic-etic based research is demanded concerning intra- and intercultural variability of control beliefs to depict a transcultural applicable and invariant model.
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Zimmerman GM, Trovato D, Miller-Smith A. Discrimination in Context: Examining Neighborhood-Level Variation in the Incidence and Adverse Effects of Perceived Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Among Chicago Youth. RACE AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS 2022; 15:1-24. [PMID: 35601816 PMCID: PMC9106986 DOI: 10.1007/s12552-022-09367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research links interpersonal racial and ethnic discrimination to adverse youth outcomes. Yet, studies examining the relevance of neighborhood context for discrimination are sparse. This study examines neighborhood-level variation in the incidence and impact of perceived racial and ethnic discrimination on depressive symptoms, suicidal behavior, violent behavior, and substance use. Hierarchical regression models on a sample of 1333 African American and Hispanic youth (52.44% female; x̄ = 13.03 years, SD = 3.25 at wave 1) residing in 238 Chicago neighborhoods from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods indicated little to no neighborhood-level variation in the incidence and impact of discrimination. Findings suggest that the experience of discrimination among youth of color is ubiquitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Zimmerman
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Daniel Trovato
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ayanna Miller-Smith
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Agyemang DO, Madden EF, English K, Venner KL, Handy R, Singh TP, Qeadan F. The mediation and moderation effect of social support on the relationship between opioid misuse and suicide attempts among native American youth in New Mexico: 2009-2019 Youth Risk Resiliency Survey (NM-YRRS). BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:243. [PMID: 35382787 PMCID: PMC8985366 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide attempt and opioid misuse continue to be major behavioral health challenges among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN). The aim of the study is to evaluate the mediating and moderating role that social support (SS) plays in their association among AI/AN high-school students in New Mexico (NM). METHODS An aggregated NM Youth Resiliency and Risk Survey (NM-YRRS, 2009-2019: odd years) dataset was used. Multivariable logistic regression modeling and mediation analysis were conducted while adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS Overall, 12.0 and 14.0% of AI/AN students reported opioid misuse and suicide attempt, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio of suicide attempt in students with high SS relative to low SS who misused opioids was 0.43 (p-value = 0.007). The effect of high SS relative to low SS among males who misused opioids was more pronounced (AOR = 0.24, p-value < 0.0001) compared to females (AOR = 0.43, p-value = 0.007). Relative to low SS, high SS was protective for suicide attempt among AI/AN students who misused opioids and attended school in off-reservation (AOR = 0.42, p-value = 0.012) communities, rural communities (AOR = 0.44, p = 0.040), and in communities that are both rural and off-reservation (AOR = 0.39, p = 0.035). Overall, 23.64, and 41.05% of the association between opioid misuse, and suicide attempt was mediated and moderated by SS, respectively. The mediation effect of SS was lowest for rural, on-reservation schools. CONCLUSION More resources need to be allocated to rural on-reservation schools to enhance social support. The study highlights key insights into the significant role SS plays in promoting health and mitigating the association between opioid misuse and suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Opoku Agyemang
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Erin Fanning Madden
- grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Kevin English
- Albuquerque Area Southwest Tribal Epidemiology Center, Santa Fe, NM USA
| | - Kamilla L. Venner
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Psychology, Center on Alcohol, Substance use, And Addiction (CASAA), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Rod Handy
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Tejinder Pal Singh
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Fares Qeadan
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, US, United States.
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Two pathways to suicidal intention in Ecuadorian adolescents: The role of parental and peer attachment, depression and impulsivity. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Woo J, Wrath AJ, Adams GC. The Relationship Between Attachment and Self-Injurious Behaviors in the Child and Adolescent Population: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:406-427. [PMID: 32780672 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1804024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents have high rates of self-injurious behavior (SIB), with suicide being the second leading cause of death. A consistent relationship between individual attachment and SIB was previously found in adult population; however, no such review has been undertaken for the child and adolescent population. A systematic search of PubMED, OVID, and PsychINFO up to March 31, 2020 was performed. Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Of the 22 articles, 21 found a positive association between attachment insecurity and SIB. Our results show a consistent relationship between attachment insecurity and SIB in children and adolescents, complementing the results found in the adult literature. These findings make a case for preventive strategies aimed at reducing self-injurious behaviors in youth by targeting attachment security.
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Chen PJ, Mackes N, Sacchi C, Lawrence AJ, Ma X, Pollard R, Matter M, Morgan C, Harding S, Schumann G, Pariante C, Mehta MA, Montana G, Nosarti C, Dazzan P. Parental education and youth suicidal behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e19. [PMID: 35352676 PMCID: PMC8967699 DOI: 10.1017/s204579602200004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Lower parental education has been linked to adverse youth mental health outcomes. However, the relationship between parental education and youth suicidal behaviours remains unclear. We explored the association between parental education and youth suicidal ideation and attempts, and examined whether sociocultural contexts moderate such associations. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with a systematic literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline and Embase from 1900 to December 2020 for studies with participants aged 0-18, and provided quantitative data on the association between parental education and youth suicidal ideation and attempts (death included). Only articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Two authors independently assessed eligibility of the articles. One author extracted data [e.g. number of cases and non-cases in each parental education level, effect sizes in forms of odds ratios (ORs) or beta coefficients]. We then calculated pooled ORs using a random-effects model and used moderator analysis to investigate heterogeneity. RESULTS We included a total of 59 articles (63 study samples, totalling 2 738 374 subjects) in the meta-analysis. Lower parental education was associated with youth suicidal attempts [OR = 1.12, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.04-1.21] but not with suicidal ideation (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.98-1.12). Geographical region and country income level moderated the associations. Lower parental education was associated with an increased risk of youth suicidal attempts in Northern America (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10-1.45), but with a decreased risk in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54-0.96). An association of lower parental education and increased risk of youth suicidal ideation was present in high- income countries (HICs) (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.05-1.25), and absent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.77-1.08). CONCLUSIONS The association between youth suicidal behaviours and parental education seems to differ across geographical and economical contexts, suggesting that cultural, psychosocial or biological factors may play a role in explaining this association. Although there was high heterogeneity in the studies reviewed, this evidence suggests that the role of familial sociodemographic characteristics in youth suicidality may not be universal. This highlights the need to consider cultural, as well as familial factors in the clinical assessment and management of youth's suicidal behaviours in our increasingly multicultural societies, as well as in developing prevention and intervention strategies for youth suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - N. Mackes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C. Sacchi
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. J. Lawrence
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - X. Ma
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R. Pollard
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M. Matter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C. Morgan
- Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S. Harding
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G. Schumann
- Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C. Pariante
- Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M. A. Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging & Psychopharmacology, Centre of Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G. Montana
- Department of Data Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C. Nosarti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P. Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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14
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Silva C, Douglas N, Van Orden K. Neighborhood Belonging and Thoughts of Death Among Hispanics in the United States. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 27:629-643. [PMID: 35132935 PMCID: PMC9357862 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2029784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide rates among Hispanics in the United States have steadily risen over the last 2 decades, especially among youth and adults in midlife. Social disconnection (low belonging) is associated with suicidal ideation; however, little is known about the demographic and social factors that impact a sense of belonging among Hispanic adults in midlife. The current study sought to examine (a) the association between demographic and social factors (acculturative stress, community integration and engagement, religiosity, ethnic cohesion) and neighborhood belonging as well as (b) whether neighborhood belonging is associated with passive suicide ideation (thoughts of death) among a community sample of Hispanic adults. METHOD This study uses a sample of 968 Hispanic adults in midlife, from Puerto Rican, Mexican, and Dominican backgrounds, from the Midlife in the United Sates (MIDUS): Survey of Minority Groups. RESULTS Overall, community integration, religiosity, and community engagement were unique positive predictors of neighborhood belonging; lifetime number of discrete events of discrimination was the only unique negative predictor. Among foreign-born respondents, community integration, community engagement, and discrimination were associated with neighborhood belonging, whereas, among U.S.-born respondents, only religiosity and community were associated with belonging. Neighborhood belonging was the only variable negatively associated with thoughts of death among depressed participants. CONCLUSION Fostering a sense of neighborhood belonging among Hispanic adults-particularly via promoting community engagement-may help decrease suicide risk.HIGHLIGHTSIntegration, engagement, and religiosity positively predicted belonging in Hispanic adultsLifetime events of discrimination was the only negative predictor of neighborhood belongingLower neighborhood belonging was associated with thoughts of death among depressed participants.
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Zimmerman GM, Miller-Smith A. The impact of anticipated, vicarious, and experienced racial and ethnic discrimination on depression and suicidal behavior among Chicago youth. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2022; 101:102623. [PMID: 34823672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of research linking racial and ethnic discrimination to adverse youth outcomes. Beyond experienced racial and ethnic discrimination, this study considers the relevance of anticipated and vicarious racial and ethnic discrimination for depression and suicidal behavior. Hierarchical regression models on a diverse sample of 1147 youth (50.31 % female) within 79 neighborhoods from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods indicated that experienced, anticipated, and vicarious racial and ethnic discrimination were associated with an increased risk of depression and suicidal behavior. Additionally, African American and Hispanic youth were disproportionately exposed to-but not differentially impacted by-racial and ethnic discrimination. Findings suggest that developmental research should account for experienced, anticipated, and vicarious racial and ethnic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Zimmerman
- Big Data and Quantitative Methods Initiatives | College of Social Sciences and Humanities | School of Criminology and Criminal Justice Northeastern University, 431 Churchill Hall, 360 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ayanna Miller-Smith
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 204 Churchill Hall, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Lee JH. Relationships between neighborhood collective efficacy and adolescent suicidal ideation. J Adolesc 2021; 93:10-19. [PMID: 34626886 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Until now, South Korean adolescent suicidal ideation literature has focused mainly on individual-level characteristics. Little is known about the contextual effects of social integration and social regulation on an individual's suicide behavior in South Korea as identified through the use of Durkheim's sociological insights. This study drew on Durkheim's suicide and collective efficacy theories and analyzed the effects of the structural characteristics and collective efficacy of neighborhoods on adolescents' suicidal ideation. METHODS The data analyzed was from three sources: the 2013 Korean National Survey of the Present Status of Children (n = 1,915; 50.41% girls; mean age = 13.04 years), government census data from the Korea Statistical Information System, and administrative data from the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare. The Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model was used to investigate the effects of neighborhood structural characteristics and collective efficacy on adolescent suicidal ideation. RESULTS There were no significant associations between neighborhood characteristics such as concentrated poverty, divorce rate, and residential instability; however, adoles cents' perceptions of collective efficacy in neighborhoods was associated with lower suicidal ideation after accounting for individual adolescent differences. CONCLUSION The findings provide significant implications for the prevention of suicide in adolescents and suggest that enhancing the collective efficacy of neighborhoods through community-based intervention may be an important target of future suicide prevention strategies in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Lee
- Department of Christianity and Culture-Social Welfare, Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary, Gwangjang-ro(st) 5-gil(rd), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 04965, South Korea.
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Standley CJ, Foster-Fishman P. Intersectionality, social support, and youth suicidality: A socioecological approach to prevention. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2021; 51:203-211. [PMID: 33876493 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between social support and suicidality among youth from a public health perspective by using (1) a socioecological framework and (2) an intersectional approach to social identity. METHODS Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data (N = 5058) involved means comparisons and a series of standard and hierarchical regression analyses. RESULTS Youth with intersecting marginalized identities (i.e., females and racial and sexual minority youth) were significantly more likely to report higher suicidality scores. Social support at the family, school, and community levels was significantly associated with lower suicidality scores, and the combination of family and school support was associated with the lowest suicidality scores. Finally, family support significantly reduced the relationship between intersecting marginalized identities and suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of protective factors in every context in which youth live, learn, and play. Measuring and reporting social identities as well as their intersections add to our understanding of both risk and prevention.
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Mueller AS, Abrutyn S, Pescosolido B, Diefendorf S. The Social Roots of Suicide: Theorizing How the External Social World Matters to Suicide and Suicide Prevention. Front Psychol 2021; 12:621569. [PMID: 33868089 PMCID: PMC8044307 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The past 20 years have seen dramatic rises in suicide rates in the United States and other countries around the world. These trends have been identified as a public health crisis in urgent need of new solutions and have spurred significant research efforts to improve our understanding of suicide and strategies to prevent it. Unfortunately, despite making significant contributions to the founding of suicidology - through Emile Durkheim's classic Suicide (1897/1951) - sociology's role has been less prominent in contemporary efforts to address these tragic trends, though as we will show, sociological theories offer great promise for advancing our understanding of suicide and improving the efficacy of suicide prevention. Here, we review sociological theory and empirical research on suicide. We begin where all sociologists must: with Durkheim. However, we offer a more comprehensive understanding of Durkheim's insights into suicide than the prior reviews provided by those in other disciplines. In so doing, we reveal the nuance and richness of Durkheim's insights that have been largely lost in modern suicidology, despite being foundational to all sociological theories of suicide - even those that have moved beyond his model. We proceed to discuss broadly acknowledged limitations to Durkheim's theory of suicide and review how more recent theoretical efforts have not only addressed those concerns, but have done so by bringing a larger swatch of sociology's theoretical and empirical toolkit to bare on suicide. Specifically, we review how recent sociological theories of suicide have incorporated insights from social network theories, cultural sociology, sociology of emotions, and sociological social psychology to better theorize how the external social world matters to individual psychological pain and suffering. We conclude by making explicit bridges between sociological and psychological theories of suicide; by noting important limitations in knowledge about suicide - particularly regarding the roles of organizations, inequality, and intersectionality in suicide - that sociology is well situated to help address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Mueller
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Seth Abrutyn
- Department of Sociology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernice Pescosolido
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Sarah Diefendorf
- Department of Political Science, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Stritzel H, Gonzalez CS, Cavanagh SE, Crosnoe R. Family Structure and Secondary Exposure to Violence in the Context of Varying Neighborhood Risks and Resources. SOCIUS : SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR A DYNAMIC WORLD 2021; 7:10.1177/2378023121992941. [PMID: 35494420 PMCID: PMC9053859 DOI: 10.1177/2378023121992941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Secondary exposure to violence in the community is a prevalent developmental risk with implications for youths' short- and long-term socioemotional functioning. This study used longitudinal, multilevel data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods to consider how family structure, including parental instability, is associated with youths' secondary exposure to violence across diverse neighborhood contexts. Results showed that both living in a stable single-parent household and experiencing parental instability were associated with greater secondary exposure to violence compared with living in a stable two-parent household. The associations between having a single parent or experiencing parental instability and secondary exposure to violence were especially strong in neighborhoods with high levels of crime and strong neighborhood ties.
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Christine Leibbrand, Heather Hill, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Frederick Rivara. Invisible wounds: Community exposure to gun homicides and adolescents' mental health and behavioral outcomes. SSM Popul Health 2020; 12:100689. [PMID: 33204810 PMCID: PMC7653279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research has illustrated the importance of some types of local community crime for adolescents' outcomes. However, we have little knowledge about the extent to which gun homicides within adolescents' neighborhoods affect their mental health and behavioral outcomes. This is important because local gun homicide incidents may be uniquely harmful for adolescents and their association with adolescents' mental health and behavior may represent an underappreciated externality of the U.S.'s gun violence epidemic. In this study, we used data on the geocoded location of gun homicides linked with restricted Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study data to examine whether gun homicides incidents near adolescents' homes and/or schools were associated with their mental health and behavioral outcomes. We found that the occurrence of a gun homicide near an adolescent's home or school was associated with significantly worse symptoms of anxiety and depression for girls and, in some cases, with symptoms of anxiety for boys. We further found that these relationships varied depending on the distance of gun homicide incidents to homes and schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Leibbrand
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, 206 Raitt Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Heather Hill
- University of Washington, Box 353055, Parrington Hall #260D, Seattle, WA, 98195-3055, USA
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, Box 350060, 325 9th Ave., Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Frederick Rivara
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, Box 350060, 325 9th Ave., Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents play an influential role in their children's health behaviors. Research has shown that individuals' efficacy beliefs (personal and collective efficacy) are closely related to their behaviors and can be modified to improve health outcomes. Existing evidence confirms the effect of self-efficacy on various health outcomes. However, the effects of parent-child dyads' collective efficacy beliefs on adolescents' health outcomes are less clear. Bandura and his colleagues postulated that family members' perceived collective family efficacy plays an important role in their psychological well-being and possibly their health behaviors. However, few study results have delineated the relationship between collective family efficacy and risky adolescent health behaviors. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to examine the relationships among parent-adolescent dyads' collective family efficacy, satisfaction with family functioning, depressive symptoms, personal efficacy beliefs, and adolescent risky health behaviors. METHODS This cross-sectional study surveyed 158 parent-adolescent dyads from the Midwestern region of the United States. Linear regression and path modeling were conducted to examine the influences of dyads' personal and collective efficacy beliefs on the adolescents' negative attitudes toward healthy lifestyle practices, injury prevention, safe sex practices, substance use prevention, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Risky adolescent health behaviors were strongly correlated with higher depressive symptoms. The dyads' personal and collective efficacy beliefs emerged as protective factors for adolescent health risks directly and indirectly through depressive symptoms. Both adolescents' and parents' perceived collective family efficacy buffered the effect of parent-adolescent dyads' depressive symptoms on adolescent risky health behaviors with significant direct and indirect effects. Adolescents' family efficacy, satisfaction with family functioning, and filial efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and risky health behaviors. DISCUSSION Parent-adolescent dyads' perceived collective family efficacy buffers adolescents from depressive symptoms and risky health behaviors. This finding suggests that family interventions should not only address adolescents' personal-level efficacy but also their collective aspects of efficacy beliefs within the family context.
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Davidson Arad B, McLeigh JD, Katz C. Perceived Collective Efficacy and Parenting Competence: The Roles of Quality of Life and Hope. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:273-287. [PMID: 30403404 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parents' perceptions of their parenting competence predict successful implementation of parenting tasks and contribute to their interest and involvement in parenting and to their children's development. Thus, identifying factors that contribute to parents' perceptions of parenting competence can help inform efforts to promote children's safety and well-being. The present study employs social disorganization theory to examine the relationship between collective efficacy and parents' sense of competence, measured along two dimensions: parental efficacy and parental satisfaction. It examines the direct association between the two constructs and whether the association is mediated by parent perceptions of their quality of life (QOL) and sense of hope. Data were collected from 198 parents residing in a neighborhood in southern Tel Aviv, Israel. The analyses indicated that high collective efficacy was directly associated with high parental efficacy, but not with high parental satisfaction. Using structural equation modeling, a mediation model was found whereby higher collective efficacy was associated with (a) higher QOL, which in turn was related to a greater sense of hope, which was linked with higher parental efficacy; and (b) higher QOL, which was directly associated with higher parental satisfaction. The findings provide further support to the idea that neighborhood characteristics play an important role in parents' ability to care for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill D McLeigh
- School of Medicine, Kempe Center for Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Carmit Katz
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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23
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Umberson D, Thomeer MB. Family Matters: Research on Family Ties and Health, 2010-2020. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2020; 82:404-419. [PMID: 33867573 PMCID: PMC8048175 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Family ties have wide-ranging consequences for health, for better and for worse. This decade review uses a life course perspective to frame significant advances in research on the effects of family structure and transitions (e.g., marital status), and family dynamics and quality (e.g., emotional support from family members), on health across the life course. Significant advances include the linking of childhood family experiences to health at older ages, identification of biosocial processes that explain how family ties influence health throughout life, research on social contagion showing how family members influence one another's health, and attention to diversity in family and health dynamics, including gender, sexuality, socioeconomic, and racial diversity. Significant innovations in methods include dyadic and family-level analysis and causal inference strategies. The review concludes by identifying directions for future research on families and health, advocating for a "family biography" framework to guide future research, and calling for more research specifically designed to assess policies that affect families and their health from childhood into later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Umberson
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 305 E 23 Street, Austin TX
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24
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Semenza DC, Isom Scott DA, Grosholz JM, Jackson DB. Disentangling the health-crime relationship among adults: The role of healthcare access and health behaviors. Soc Sci Med 2020; 247:112800. [PMID: 32006755 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Semenza
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Camden, USA.
| | - Deena A Isom Scott
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice and African American Studies Program, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica M Grosholz
- Department of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of South Florida, Sarasota-Manatee, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Texas, San Antonio, USA
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Dawson CT, Wu W, Fennie KP, Ibañez G, Cano MÁ, Pettit JW, Jo Trepka M. Parental-perceived neighborhood characteristics and adolescent depressive symptoms: A multilevel moderation analysis. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1568-1590. [PMID: 31209901 PMCID: PMC6699891 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study examines the moderating role of parental neighborhood perceptions on the relationship between neighborhood structural disadvantage and adolescent depressive symptoms. METHODS Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) consisting of 12,105 adolescents and their parents were used. RESULTS Mixed effects multilevel modeling revealed that parental-perceived neighborhood disorder was associated with higher levels of adolescent depressive symptoms (β = .27, p ≤ .001). The interaction between neighborhood concentrated poverty and parental-perceived neighborhood disorder was also significant (β = -.14, p ≤ .01). Low and high levels of parental-perceived neighborhood disorder were associated with lower (β = -.41, p < .05) and higher (β = .46, p ≤ .01) levels of adolescent depressive symptoms, respectively, with increasing concentrated poverty. Parental-perceived collective efficacy was not associated with adolescent depressive symptoms nor was it a moderator. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the neighborhood's social environment may mitigate adolescent depressive symptoms. Implications for structural interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christyl T. Dawson
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of
Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th
Street, AHC-5, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Wensong Wu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of
Integrated Science and Humanity, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th
Street, DM 430, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kristopher P. Fennie
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of
Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th
Street, AHC-5, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Gladys Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of
Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th
Street, AHC-5, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Miguel Á. Cano
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of
Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th
Street, AHC-5, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Pettit
- Department of Psychology, School of Integrated Science and
Humanity, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, DM 256, Miami, FL
33199, USA
| | - Mary Jo Trepka
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of
Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th
Street, AHC-5, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Abdul Aziz FA, Abd Razak MA, Ahmad NA, Awaluddin SM, Lodz NA, Sooryanarayana R, Shahein NA, Mohamad Kasim N, Abd Wahab N, Jamaluddin R. Factors Associated With Suicidal Attempt Among School-Going Adolescents in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2019; 31:73S-79S. [PMID: 31353928 DOI: 10.1177/1010539519862161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Various factors contribute to suicidal attempt. This study aims to determine the relationship between suicidal attempt and its associated factors among school-going adolescents in Malaysia. Data from the National Health and Morbidity 2017 survey were analyzed. This survey was implemented as a nationwide school-based survey targeting adolescents 13 to 17 years old. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS version 20. A total of 27 399 adolescents participated in this survey. The prevalence of suicidal attempt was 6.9% (95% confidence interval = 6.2-7.7). Multivariate analysis found that the odds of suicidal attempt among adolescent with depression is 4.3 (adjusted odds ratio = 4.3; 95% confidence interval = 3.9-4.8). Other significant factors are young adolescent, non-Malay ethnicities especially Indian, adolescent with parents living apart, and those without peer support and parental connectedness. A holistic approach for the planning of preventative strategies and public health policies should be made according to these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazly Azry Abdul Aziz
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Ani Ahmad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Maria Awaluddin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Aliza Lodz
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rajini Sooryanarayana
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Adilah Shahein
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraida Mohamad Kasim
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor'ain Abd Wahab
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rasidah Jamaluddin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Goodday SM, Bondy S, Sutradhar R, Brown HK, Rhodes A. Exposure to maternal depressive symptoms in childhood and suicide-related thoughts and attempts in Canadian youth: test of effect-modifying factors. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:191-200. [PMID: 30357436 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To (1) determine the association between exposure to maternal depressive symptoms in childhood and offspring suicide-related thoughts (SRT) and attempts (SA) in youth and young adults and (2) identify effect measure modifiers (offspring sex, family structure, maternal perceived social support, and social cohesion) of the association in 1. METHOD A cohort was constructed by linking all cycles from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a Canadian nationally representative survey, from 1994 to 2009 in 16,903 subjects 0 to 25 years. Exposure to maternal-reported depressive symptoms was measured when offspring were between 0 and 10 years. Offspring self-reported incident and recurrent SRT and SA were measured between 11 and 25 years. Time-to-event models under a counting process framework were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and relative rates (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Effect measure modifiers were examined across adjusted stratum-specific estimates. RESULTS In offspring exposed to maternal depressive symptoms, the adjusted rates of incident SRT and SA (HR: 1.67, 95% CI 1.37, 2.08; HR: 1.93, 95% CI 1.43, 2.50) and of recurrent SRT and SA (RR: 1.61, 95% CI 1.33, 1.96; RR: 1.87, 95% CI 1.40, 2.36) were significantly elevated compared to non-exposed offspring. The stratum-specific rates of incident and recurrent SRT and SA were significantly elevated in females but not in males. CONCLUSIONS Girls exposed to maternal depressive symptoms in childhood are a target group for childhood suicide preventive strategies. Family-based preventions, and strategies to identify and effectively treat maternal depressive episodes could be beneficial for suicide prevention in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Margaret Goodday
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Susan Bondy
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hilary K Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne Rhodes
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,The Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mental Distress Following the 2004 and 2005 Florida Hurricanes. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 13:44-52. [PMID: 30616708 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2018.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Community characteristics, such as perceived collective efficacy, a measure of community strength, can affect mental health outcomes following disasters. We examined the association of perceived collective efficacy with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and frequent mental distress (14 or more mentally unhealthy days in the past month) following exposure to the 2004 and 2005 hurricane seasons. METHODS Participants were 1486 Florida Department of Health workers who completed anonymous questionnaires that were distributed electronically 9 months after the 2005 hurricane season. Participant ages ranged from 20 to 79 years (mean, 48; SD, 10.7), and the majority were female (79%), white (75%), and currently married (64%). Fifty percent had a BA/BS degree or higher. RESULTS In 2 separate logistic regression models, each adjusted for individual sociodemographics, community socioeconomic characteristics, individual injury/damage, and community storm damage, lower perceived collective efficacy was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of having PTSD (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.96), and lower collective efficacy was significantly associated with frequent mental distress (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Programs enhancing community collective efficacy may be a significant part of prevention practices and possibly lead to a reduction in the rate of PTSD and persistent distress postdisaster. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:44-52).
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Hemming L, Haddock G, Shaw J, Pratt D. Alexithymia and Its Associations With Depression, Suicidality, and Aggression: An Overview of the Literature. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:203. [PMID: 31031655 PMCID: PMC6470633 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression affects around 4-10% of the general population in England. Depression can often lead to behaviors and thoughts related to suicide and aggression, which have a social and economic burden to the United Kingdom. One construct that has been theorized as having an association with these behaviors is alexithymia. People with alexithymia have difficulties identifying and describing their emotional experiences. To date, there is no consensus on types or causes of alexithymia. Whilst the literature evidences a strong relationship between alexithymia and suicidality and aggression, little is known about the nature of this relationship. The present article will attempt to describe the extant literature on this relationship, drawing out some of the contentions and unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hemming
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Haddock
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Shaw
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Pratt
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Yildiz M, Demirhan E, Gurbuz S. Contextual Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Adolescent Suicide Attempts: A Multilevel Investigation. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 48:802-814. [PMID: 30499039 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multilevel research on whether and how contextual socioeconomic disadvantage affects adolescent suicidal behaviors is scarce. Using data from the first two waves (1994/95 and 1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 13,335; 49.63% girls; Mage = 15.02 years), this study examined (1) the association between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and adolescent suicide attempts over and above individual-level socioeconomic factors, (2) the moderating role of gender, and (3) the mediating roles of contextually relevant stressors and available psychosocial resources. The results revealed that area-level socioeconomic disadvantage increased the risk of attempting suicide even after adjusting for individual-level socioeconomic status, especially for boys. Consistent with the stress process perspective, reports of exposure to violence and lack of safety explain this contextual effect. National suicidal behavior prevention strategies across the U.S. should recognize the strong association with the socioeconomic context, along with individual-level risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Yildiz
- Department of Sociology, Louisiana State University, 126 Stubbs Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Emirhan Demirhan
- Department of Sociology, University of North Texas, 288 Sycamore Hall, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Suheyl Gurbuz
- Department of Sociology, Midwestern State University, 3410 Taft Blvd., Wichita Falls, TX, 76308, USA
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Gruebner O, Rapp MA, Adli M, Kluge U, Galea S, Heinz A. Cities and Mental Health. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 114:121-127. [PMID: 28302261 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of the global population currently lives in cities, with an increasing trend for further urbanization. Living in cities is associated with increased population density, traffic noise and pollution, but also with better access to health care and other commodities. METHODS This review is based on a selective literature search, providing an overview of the risk factors for mental illness in urban centers. RESULTS Studies have shown that the risk for serious mental illness is generally higher in cities compared to rural areas. Epidemiological studies have associated growing up and living in cities with a considerably higher risk for schizophrenia. However, correlation is not causation and living in poverty can both contribute to and result from impairments associated with poor mental health. Social isolation and discrimination as well as poverty in the neighborhood contribute to the mental health burden while little is known about specific interactions between such factors and the built environment. CONCLUSION Further insights on the interaction between spatial heterogeneity of neighborhood resources and socio-ecological factors is warranted and requires interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Gruebner
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring of the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin; Social and Preventive Medicine, Universität Potsdam; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; School of Public Health, Boston University, MA, USA; Berlin Institute for Integration and Migration Research (BIM), Humboldt University of Berlin
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Lippman SA, Leddy AM, Neilands TB, Ahern J, MacPhail C, Wagner RG, Peacock D, Twine R, Goin DE, Gómez‐Olivé FX, Selin A, Tollman SM, Kahn K, Pettifor A. Village community mobilization is associated with reduced HIV incidence in young South African women participating in the HPTN 068 study cohort. J Int AIDS Soc 2018; 21 Suppl 7:e25182. [PMID: 30334377 PMCID: PMC6192897 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in South Africa bear a disproportionate burden of HIV. Community mobilization (CM), defined as community members taking collective action to achieve a common goal related to health, equity and rights, has been associated with increased HIV testing and condom use and has been called a 'critical enabler' for addressing the HIV epidemic. However, limited research has examined whether CM is associated with HIV incidence among AGYW. METHODS We examine the association of CM with incident HIV among AGYW (ages 13 to 21) enrolled in the HPTN 068 cohort in the Agincourt Health and socio-Demographic Surveillance System, South Africa. This analysis includes 2292 participants residing in 26 villages where cross-sectional, population-based surveys were conducted to measure CM among 18- to 35-year-old residents in 2012 and 2014. HPTN 068 participants completed up to five annual visits that included an HIV test (2011 to 2016). Household-level data were collected from AGYW parents/guardians and census data is updated annually. Mean village-level CM scores were created using a validated community mobilization measure with seven components (social cohesion, social control, critical consciousness, shared concerns, organizations and networks, leadership and collective action). We used pooled generalized estimating equation regression with a Poisson distribution to estimate risk ratios (RR) for the association of village-level CM score and CM components with incident HIV infection, accounting for village-level clustering and adjusting for key covariates. RESULTS There were 194 incident infections over the follow-up period. For every additional standard deviation of village-level CM there was 12% lower HIV incidence (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98) after adjusting for individual, household and community characteristics. CM components associated with lower HIV incidence included critical consciousness (RR: 0.88; CI: 0.79, 0.97) and leadership (RR: 0.87; CI: 0.79, 0.95); while not statistically significant, social cohesion (RR: 0.91; CI: 0.81, 1.01), shared concerns (RR: 0.90; CI: 0.81, 1.00), and organizations and networks (RR: 0.91; CI: 0.79, 1.03) may also play a protective role. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that having strong community social resources will reduce AGYW's risk of HIV acquisition. Work to mobilize communities, focusing on building social cohesion, shared concerns, critical consciousness, and effective and accountable leadership, can fortify prevention programming for AGYW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A Lippman
- Center for AIDS Prevention StudiesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Anna M Leddy
- Center for AIDS Prevention StudiesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Torsten B Neilands
- Center for AIDS Prevention StudiesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Jennifer Ahern
- Division of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Catherine MacPhail
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Health and SocietyUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research InstituteUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Ryan G Wagner
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Global HealthDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå Centre for Global Health ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Dean Peacock
- Sonke Gender JusticeCape TownSouth Africa
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Rhian Twine
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Dana E Goin
- Division of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - F Xavier Gómez‐Olivé
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Amanda Selin
- Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Stephen M Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Global HealthDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå Centre for Global Health ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- INDEPTH NetworkAccraGhana
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Global HealthDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå Centre for Global Health ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Audrey Pettifor
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt)School of Public HealthFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
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Ren P, Qin X, Zhang Y, Zhang R. Is Social Support a Cause or Consequence of Depression? A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1634. [PMID: 30233469 PMCID: PMC6132191 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature has examined the relations between social support and depression. However, the exact nature and direction of these relations are not well understood. This study explored the relations between specific types of social support (peer support and teacher support) and depression. Adolescents (ages 11 to 17) for the first time (N = 2453) participated in a two-wave, 6-month longitudinal study. Structural equation modeling was used to test a social causation model (deficits in social support increase the likelihood of depression), interpersonal theories of depression (depression leads to social erosion), and a reciprocal influence model. Depression influenced peer support significantly and negatively. By contrast, the social causation model was not supported. These results held for males and females. Findings suggested that depression resulted in social support erosion. However, the effect was specific to perceived peer support but not to perceived teacher support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingna Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Department of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wilkins N, Myers L, Kuehl T, Bauman A, Hertz M. Connecting the Dots: State Health Department Approaches to Addressing Shared Risk and Protective Factors Across Multiple Forms of Violence. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2018; 24 Suppl 1 Suppl, Injury and Violence Prevention:S32-S41. [PMID: 29189502 PMCID: PMC5815838 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Violence takes many forms, including intimate partner violence, sexual violence, child abuse and neglect, bullying, suicidal behavior, and elder abuse and neglect. These forms of violence are interconnected and often share the same root causes. They can also co-occur together in families and communities and can happen at the same time or at different stages of life. Often, due to a variety of factors, separate, "siloed" approaches are used to address each form of violence. However, understanding and implementing approaches that prevent and address the overlapping root causes of violence (risk factors) and promote factors that increase the resilience of people and communities (protective factors) can help practitioners more effectively and efficiently use limited resources to prevent multiple forms of violence and save lives. This article presents approaches used by 2 state health departments, the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, to integrate a shared risk and protective factor approach into their violence prevention work and identifies key lessons learned that may serve to inform crosscutting violence prevention efforts in other states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Wilkins
- Division of Analysis, Research, and Practice Integration, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Wilkins and Ms Hertz); Violence and Injury Prevention-Mental Health Promotion Branch, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment, Denver, Colorado (Mss Myers and Kuehl); and Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, Maryland (Ms Bauman)
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Kim HHS, Chun J. Analyzing Multilevel Factors Underlying Adolescent Smoking Behaviors: The Roles of Friendship Network, Family Relations, and School Environment. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2018; 88:434-443. [PMID: 29749004 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the extent to which friendship network, family relations, and school context are related to adolescent cigarette smoking. Friendship network is measured in terms of delinquent peers; family relations in terms of parental supervision; and school environment in terms of objective (eg, antismoking policy) and subjective (eg, school attachment) characteristics. METHODS Findings are based on the secondary analysis of the health behavior in school-aged children, 2009-2010. Two-level hierarchical generalized linear models are estimated using hierarchical linear modeling 7. RESULTS At the student level, ties to delinquent friends is significantly related to higher odds of smoking, while greater parental supervision is associated with lower odds. At the school level, antismoking policy and curriculum independently lower smoking behavior. Better within-class peer relations, greater school attachment, and higher academic performance are also negatively related to smoking. Last, the positive association between delinquent friends and smoking is weaker in schools with a formally enacted antismoking policy. However, this association is stronger in schools with better peer relations. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent smoking behavior is embedded in a broader ecological setting. This research reveals that a proper understanding of it requires comprehensive analysis that incorporates factors measured at individual (student) and contextual (school) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris H-S Kim
- Department of Sociology, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - JongSerl Chun
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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Donnelly L, McLanahan S, Brooks-Gunn J, Garfinkel I, Wagner BG, Jacobsen WC, Gold S, Gaydosh L. Cohesive Neighborhoods Where Social Expectations Are Shared May Have Positive Impact On Adolescent Mental Health. Health Aff (Millwood) 2018; 35:2083-2091. [PMID: 27834250 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent mental health problems are associated with poor health and well-being in adulthood. We used data from a cohort of 2,264 children born in large US cities in 1998-2000 to examine whether neighborhood collective efficacy (a combination of social cohesion and control) is associated with improvements in adolescent mental health. We found that children who grew up in neighborhoods with high collective efficacy experienced fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms during adolescence than similar children from neighborhoods with low collective efficacy. The magnitude of this neighborhood effect is comparable to the protective effects of depression prevention programs aimed at general or at-risk adolescent populations. Our findings did not vary by family or neighborhood income, which indicates that neighborhood collective efficacy supports adolescent mental health across diverse populations and urban settings. We recommend a greater emphasis on neighborhood environments in individual mental health risk assessments and greater investment in community-based initiatives that strengthen neighborhood social cohesion and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Donnelly
- Louis Donnelly is a postdoctoral research associate in the Bendheim-Thoman Center for Research on Child Wellbeing at Princeton University, in New Jersey
| | - Sara McLanahan
- Sara McLanahan is a professor of sociology and public affairs at Princeton University
| | - Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
- Jeanne Brooks-Gunn is a professor of child development at Teachers College and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, in New York City
| | - Irwin Garfinkel
- Irwin Garfinkel is a professor of contemporary urban problems at the School of Social Work, Columbia University
| | - Brandon G Wagner
- Brandon G. Wagner is an assistant professor of sociology at Texas Tech University, in Lubbock
| | - Wade C Jacobsen
- Wade C. Jacobsen is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Sociology and Criminology at Pennsylvania State University, in University Park
| | - Sarah Gold
- Sarah Gold is a doctoral candidate in social work at the School of Social Work at Rutgers University, in New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Lauren Gaydosh
- Lauren Gaydosh is a postdoctoral scholar at the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Pereira AAG, Cardoso FMDS. Searching for Psychological Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in University Students. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e33420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study aims to identify psychological predictors of suicidal ideation in university students. We collected a sample of 366 participants, representing a population of 7102 students from a university in northern Portugal (95% CI). Both in the whole sample and in the intra-gender analysis, students with suicidal ideation revealed higher levels of depressive symptoms, loneliness, social anxiety and fears of abandonment, and lower levels of comfort with intimacy and trust in others. Loneliness and depression are significant predictors of suicidal ideation, with an odds ratio of 1.095 and 1.108, respectively. The results were consistent with those found in the literature, and call for more research and implementation of intervention protocols in university populations.
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Silva C, Van Orden KA. Suicide among Hispanics in the United States. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 22:44-49. [PMID: 30122277 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Suicide ideation and behavior among U.S. Hispanics has increased notably in the last decade, especially among youth. Suicide risk increases across generations of Hispanics, with risk greatest amongst U.S.-born Hispanics. Acculturative stress has been linked to increased risk for suicide ideation, attempts, and fatalities among Hispanics. Acculturative stress may increase suicide risk via disintegration of cultural values (such as familism and religiosity) and social bonds. Culturally-tailored prevention efforts are needed that address suicide risk among Hispanics. We propose a conceptual model for suicide prevention focused on augmenting cultural engagement among at risk Hispanics.
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Steinmetz-Wood M, Wasfi R, Parker G, Bornstein L, Caron J, Kestens Y. Is gentrification all bad? Positive association between gentrification and individual's perceived neighborhood collective efficacy in Montreal, Canada. Int J Health Geogr 2017; 16:24. [PMID: 28709431 PMCID: PMC5513321 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-017-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Collective efficacy has been associated with many health benefits at the neighborhood level. Therefore, understanding why some communities have greater collective efficacy than others is important from a public health perspective. This study examined the relationship between gentrification and collective efficacy, in Montreal Canada. Methods A gentrification index was created using tract level median household income, proportion of the population with a bachelor’s degree, average rent, proportion of the population with low income, and proportion of the population aged 30–44. Multilevel linear regression analyses were conducted to measure the association between gentrification and individual level collective efficacy. Results Gentrification was positively associated with collective efficacy. Gentrifiers (individuals moving into gentrifying neighborhoods) had higher collective efficacy than individuals that lived in a neighborhood that did not gentrify. Perceptions of collective efficacy of the original residents of gentrifying neighborhoods were not significantly different from the perceptions of neighborhood collective efficacy of gentrifiers. Conclusions Our results indicate that gentrification was positively associated with perceived collective efficacy. This implies that gentrification could have beneficial health effects for individuals living in gentrifying neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Steinmetz-Wood
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada.
| | - Rania Wasfi
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), CHUM - Pavilion S 850, St-Denis St., Office, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101, rue du Parc, Montreal, H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - George Parker
- GP Rollo & Associates, Land Economists, Richmond, V7A 3A8, Canada
| | - Lisa Bornstein
- School of Urban Planning, McGill University, 815 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C2, Canada
| | - Jean Caron
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Yan Kestens
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), CHUM - Pavilion S 850, St-Denis St., Office, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101, rue du Parc, Montreal, H3N 1X9, Canada
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Valikhani A, Sarafraz MR, Moghimi P. Examining the role of attachment styles and self-control in suicide ideation and death anxiety for patients receiving chemotherapy in Iran. Psychooncology 2017; 27:1057-1060. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Valikhani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Education and Psychology; Shiraz University; Shiraz Iran
| | - Mehdi Reza Sarafraz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Education and Psychology; Shiraz University; Shiraz Iran
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Han S, Lee J, Park KG. The impact of extracurricular activities participation on youth delinquent behaviors: An instrumental variables approach. J Adolesc 2017; 58:84-95. [PMID: 28527320 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between extracurricular activities (EA) participation and youth delinquency while tackling an endogeneity problem of EA participation. Using survey data of 12th graders in South Korea (n = 1943), this study employed an instrumental variables approach to address the self-selection problem of EA participation as the data for this study was based on an observational study design. We found a positive association between EA participation and youth delinquency based on conventional regression analysis. By contrast, we found a negative association between EA participation and youth delinquency based on an instrumental variables approach. These results indicate that caution should be exercised when we interpret the effect of EA participation on youth delinquency based on observational study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Han
- Department of Public Administration, Pennsylvania State University, 157-W Olmsted, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA 17057, United States.
| | - Jonathan Lee
- School of Public Affairs, Penn State Harrisburg, 777 W. Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA 17057, United States.
| | - Kyung-Gook Park
- Concentrix Services Korea, 8F NC Tower 1, 509, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Falgares G, Marchetti D, De Santis S, Carrozzino D, Kopala-Sibley DC, Fulcheri M, Verrocchio MC. Attachment Styles and Suicide-Related Behaviors in Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Self-Criticism and Dependency. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:36. [PMID: 28344562 PMCID: PMC5344916 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecure attachment and the personality dimensions of self-criticism and dependency have been proposed as risk factors for suicide in adolescents. The present study examines whether self-criticism and dependency mediate the relationship between insecure attachment styles and suicidality. A sample of 340 high-school students (73.2% females), ranging in age from 13 to 20 years (M = 16.47, SD = 1.52), completed the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire for Adolescents, the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire for Adolescents, the Attachment Style Questionnaire, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. The results partially support the expected mediation effects. Self-criticism, but not dependency, mediates the link between insecure attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and suicide-related behaviors. Implications for suicide risk assessment and management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Falgares
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Marchetti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sandro De Santis
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Danilo Carrozzino
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Mario Fulcheri
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Verrocchio
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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McGlinchey EL, Courtney-Seidler EA, German M, Miller AL. The Role of Sleep Disturbance in Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self-Injurious Behavior among Adolescents. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2017; 47:103-111. [PMID: 27273654 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between different sleep disturbances and self-harm thoughts and behaviors was examined among 223 adolescents presenting to a community clinic for mood disorders and suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors. Two-thirds of the adolescents reported nightly, severe sleep complaints. Relative to adolescents without significant sleep complaints, patients with severe sleep complaints at the time of clinic entry endorsed significantly more engagement in nonsuicidal self-injury. Middle insomnia and circadian reversal were both significant predictors of suicide attempts. Terminal insomnia was significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Results support the importance of assessing sleep difficulties among adolescents at risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L McGlinchey
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Miguelina German
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alec L Miller
- Cognitive & Behavioral Consultants, WestChester, NY, USA.,Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Droege JR, Robinson WL, Jason LA. Suicidality Protective Factors for African American Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Research Literature. SOJ NURSING & HEALTH CARE 2017; 3:10.15226/2471-6529/3/2/00130. [PMID: 33344874 PMCID: PMC7747935 DOI: 10.15226/2471-6529/3/2/00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Overall rates of African American adolescent suicide have been increasing for the past 50 years; however, the research literature examining factors related to suicide for these vulnerable youth is sparse. The shortage of research literature on suicidality protective factors is particularly significant. Little is known about the impact of protective factors on African American youth, especially within subgroups (e.g., gender and socioeconomic status). Approximately 40% of African American youth live in poverty, exposing them to contextual stressors that place them at increased risk for suicidality. Females are significantly more likely to have suicidal ideation and make attempts, whereas males surpass females in their rates of completions. To better understand suicidality protective factors, we conducted a systematic review of the research literature on protective factors for African American adolescents, with a focus on gender differences and urban, low-income youth. This review yielded 26 articles that met inclusion criteria and identified protective factors in the following categories: familial, religiosity-based, relational/social, personal, and socioecological. Gender differences and protective factors for urban, low-income youth are discussed, regarding their role in the prevention of suicidality. This review highlights a need for further research to identify and clarify suicidality protective factors for African American adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn R. Droege
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614
- Corresponding author: Jocelyn R. Droege, Center for Community Research, DePaul University, 990 W. Fullerton Avenue, Suite 3100, Chicago, IL 60614.
| | | | - Leonard A. Jason
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614
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46
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Meaning in Life and Suicidal Tendency Among Immigrant (Ethiopian) Youth and Native-Born Israeli Youth. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:1041-8. [PMID: 24788363 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The impact of meaning in life, or lack thereof, on suicidal tendencies among populations at greater risk-youth born to immigrants from developing countries, in this case Ethiopia-in comparison to native-born Israeli youth was examined among 277 adolescents-162 of Israeli origin and 115 of Ethiopian origin-aged 15-18. (1) Overall significant negative correlation between meaning in life and suicidal tendencies was found; (2) no difference was found in meaning in life between immigrant and native-born youth; (3) higher suicidal tendency, anxiety and depression were found among immigrants, with boys displaying more anxiety than girls. No difference in depression was detected between Ethiopian boys and girls. Meaning in life is crucial to minimizing suicidal tendencies among youth, native-born and immigrant alike. Establishment of prevention, intervention and therapy plans in the age range crucial for suicide. Such programs should be based upon finding meaning in life.
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47
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T O'Brien D. Lamp Lighters and Sidewalk Smoothers: How Individual Residents Contribute to the Maintenance of the Urban Commons. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 58:391-409. [PMID: 27982468 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on collective efficacy in urban neighborhoods has focused predominantly on whether a community can regulate local behavior and spaces and less on how they do so. This study pursues the latter question by examining the social regularities that create collective efficacy, measured as the behavioral composition of a neighborhood (i.e., the extent to which each individual contributes to a social regularity). This perspective is applied to the database of requests for non-emergency government services received by Boston, MA's 311 system in 2011 (>160,000 requests). The analysis categorized custodians who have used the system to combat physical disorder in the public space (e.g., requesting graffiti removal) into two groups-"typical custodians" who have made one or two requests in a year, and "exemplars" who have made three or more. A neighborhood's collective efficacy in reporting public issues was identified through audits of sidewalk quality and streetlight outages. Analyses revealed a collaborative model of maintenance in which typical and exemplar custodians were each necessary and non-substitutable. A second analysis found that the two types of custodian were associated with different contextual factors, articulating two different pathways from demographic and social characteristics to collective efficacy, suggesting implications for theory and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T O'Brien
- School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Area Research Initiative, Northeastern & Harvard Universities, Boston, MA, USA
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Colson KE, Galin J, Ahern J. Spatial Proximity to Incidents of Community Violence Is Associated with Fewer Suicides in Urban California. J Urban Health 2016; 93:770-796. [PMID: 27541632 PMCID: PMC5052147 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-016-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of premature mortality. Aspects of the social environment such as incidents of violence in the community may induce psychological distress and affect suicidality, but these determinants are not well understood. We conducted an ecological study using California vital statistics records, geocoded to address of the decedent, to examine whether proximity to homicide was associated with the occurrence of suicide in urban census tracts. For each urban tract (N = 7194) and each month in 2012, we assessed homicides in the tract or within buffer zones around the tract with a 1-month lag. We estimated two risk difference parameters that capture how suicide risk is related to differences in homicide exposure. Proximity to homicides was negatively associated with suicide occurrence after controlling for demographic factors, seasonality, and other confounders. Estimates suggest that the absence of homicides would be associated with a 4.2 % higher number of tract-months with one or more suicides (95 % confidence interval 2.2-6.0). This relationship was stronger in tracts that were wealthier, older, and less civically engaged. Results were robust to a wide variety of sensitivity tests. Contrary to expectations, we identified a consistent negative association of proximity to homicide with suicide occurrence. It may be that a homicide deters or distracts from suicidality or that aggression or hopelessness may be expressed as inward or outward directed violence in different settings. Further investigation is needed to identify the drivers of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ellicott Colson
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California-Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
| | - Jessica Galin
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California-Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Jennifer Ahern
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California-Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
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Kim HHS, Ahn SJG. How Does Neighborhood Quality Moderate the Association Between Online Video Game Play and Depression? A Population-Level Analysis of Korean Students. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2016; 19:628-634. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2016.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sun Joo Grace Ahn
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Karbeyaz K, Toygar M, Çelikel A. Completed suicide among University student in Eskisehir, Turkey. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; 44:111-115. [PMID: 27744134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study student suicides are classified as a distinct group in Eskisehir-a city located in the western part of our country and famous as a student city. The study aims at describing demographic and suicide specification of cases and compare some important issues between males and females. METHOD All the judicially deaths in Eskisehir in a 12 year period between 2004 and 2015 have been evaluated. 75 cases that were deemed as suicide cases as a result of criminal investigation have been included in the study. RESULTS It was determined that hanging method was the most frequently used method and the number of male was more. It was determined that the majority of them were the students living away from their families. Definite or possible psychiatric disorder was identified as the most important risk factor. It was observed that there were significant differences in terms of risk factors between male and female students. Males have been found as more prominent in case of definite or possible psychiatric disorders, alcohol and substance abuse, love and romantic tangles; females have been found as more prominent in case of family problems and social pressure, and repeated suicide attempts. DISCUSSION Compared to the general population love and romantic problems are more prevalent in this group. It is observed that university students left suicide notes more than the general population. Sharing this study with the university administrations could be helpful in undertaking the necessary precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adnan Çelikel
- Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic, Hatay, Turkey
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