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Davis A, Gourdine R. Intersectionality and Social Security Age-18 Redetermination: Reducing the Stress and Trauma of Transition for Black Transition-Age Youth with Disabilities. CHILD & ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL : C & A 2023; 40:513-523. [PMID: 38031577 PMCID: PMC10686266 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-022-00892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Greater attention is being paid to the transition to adulthood for youth with disabilities. We are also at a period of reckoning with the vestiges of slavery, Jim Crow, and a lack of constitutional protections for Black-identifying persons. The contemporary impact of inequitable access to opportunities, services, and supports that would improve the quality of life of racialized Black individuals has added consequences for Black youth with disabilities. A sub-population of youth with disabilities receives monthly support in the form of Supplemental Security Income (SSI), with a disproportionate number of Black-identifying youth qualifying for SSI. Such youth are impacted by the intersectionality of racism, disability, and poverty. The outcome of an SSI age-18 redetermination can be precarious and occurs in the backdrop of these intersectional forces, impacting the life course of racialized Black youth and their families on a scale that is concerning. The authors describe the time frames of pre age-18 redetermination, age-18 redetermination and post age-18 redetermination in the contexts of intersectionality and transition, and articulate what type of services and supports can reduce the experience of chronic stress in the lives of racialized Black youth facing an SSI age-18 redetermination, and thereby improve the outcomes of these youth as they transition to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Davis
- Johns Hopkins University, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ruby Gourdine
- Professor Emeritus, Howard University, 601 Howard Place NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Laurenzi CA, Mamutse S, Marlow M, Mawoyo T, Stansert Katzen L, Carvajal-Velez L, Lai J, Luitel N, Servili C, Sinha M, Skeen S. Critical life course interventions for children and adolescents to promote mental health. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2022; 10:e4. [PMID: 36843881 PMCID: PMC9947636 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2022.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are key developmental periods in the life course for addressing mental health, and there is ample evidence to support significant, increased investment in mental health promotion for this group. However, there are gaps in evidence to inform how best to implement mental health promotion interventions at scale. In this review, we examined psychosocial interventions implemented with children (aged 5–10 years) and adolescents (aged 10–19 years), drawing on evidence from WHO guidelines. Most psychosocial interventions promoting mental health have been implemented in school settings, with some in family and community settings, by a range of delivery personnel. Mental health promotion interventions for younger ages have prioritised key social and emotional skills development, including self-regulation and coping; for older ages, additional skills include problem-solving and interpersonal skills. Overall, fewer interventions have been implemented in low- and middle-income countries. We identify cross-cutting areas affecting child and adolescent mental health promotion: understanding the problem scope; understanding which components work; understanding how and for whom interventions work in practice; and ensuring supportive infrastructure and political will. Additional evidence, including from participatory approaches, is required to tailor mental health promotive interventions to diverse groups’ needs and support healthy life course trajectories for children and adolescents everywhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A. Laurenzi
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sihle Mamutse
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marguerite Marlow
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tatenda Mawoyo
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linnea Stansert Katzen
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Liliana Carvajal-Velez
- Division of Data, Analytics, Planning and Monitoring, Data and Analytics Section, UNICEF, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna Lai
- Programme Group, Health Section, UNICEF, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nagendra Luitel
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Chiara Servili
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sarah Skeen
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Hatch E, Villagrana K, Wu Q, Lawler S, Ferguson K. Predictors of Secondary Completion Among Homeless Youth in Three U.S. Cities and the Potential Application of National Policies. CHILD & ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL : C & A 2022; 39:347-359. [PMID: 35440839 PMCID: PMC9010934 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-022-00826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Secondary education completion rates (i.e., high school diploma or General Education Development [GED]) among homeless youth (HY) are low in comparison with their housed peers. METHOD Secondary data with a sample of 429 HY was used from a 3-city study using quantitative retrospective interviews with a purposive sample of601 HY collected from 2010 to 2011 in social service organizations across three U.S. cities (Denver, CO, n = 201; Los Angeles, CA, n = 200; and Austin, TX,, n = 200). This study examines risk and resilience factors (i.e., demographics, childhood trauma, transience, mental health diagnosis, incarceration history, employment, and resilience) associated with the completion of secondary education among HY using logistic regression. RESULTS Secondary completion was positively associated with identifying as female, formal employment, a sense of equanimity, and experiences of childhood emotional abuse. In contrast, secondary completion was negatively associated with a history of incarceration as well as experiences of childhood physical neglect and emotional neglect. DISCUSSION Recommendations are made for strengthening educational institutions' capacity to provide the comprehensive support services for HY to minimize risk factors and enhance protective factors. Similarly, the authors highlight how cross-sector collaboration, such as those approaches supported through the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act and the McKinney-Vento Homelessness Assistance Act, can be leveraged to minimize significant risk factors and promote resilience factors associated with secondary completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hatch
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave, 85004 Phoenix, AZ United States
| | - Kalah Villagrana
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave, 85004 Phoenix, AZ United States
| | - Qi Wu
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave, 85004 Phoenix, AZ United States
| | - Siobhan Lawler
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave, 85004 Phoenix, AZ United States
| | - Kristin Ferguson
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave, 85004 Phoenix, AZ United States
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Lindhardt L, Storebø OJ, Bruun LS, Simonsen E, Mortensen OS. “ Psychosis among the disconnected youth: a systematic review.”. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2056306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Line Lindhardt
- Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Mental Health Services East, Region Zealand Denmark
| | - Ole Jakob Storebø
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Laura Staxen Bruun
- Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Mental Health Services East, Region Zealand Denmark
| | - Erik Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Steen Mortensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbaek Hospital, Denmark
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Chandler RF, Santos Lozada AR. Health status among NEET adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2016-2018. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14:100814. [PMID: 34027012 PMCID: PMC8134726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults not employed or in education/training (NEET) could be at higher risk of adverse health outcomes. Approximately 4.6 million Americans aged between 16 and 24 fall in this group. However, differences in health between NEET and non-NEET population remain unaddressed. This study examines the association of NEET status and poor/fair self-reported health status (SRH), among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Data for this study come from the 2016–2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Our analytical sample consisted of 53,690 respondents. We used logistic regression models to investigate the association between NEET and health status in the United States, while controlling for potential covariates. Approximately 14% of our analytical sample was classified as NEET. NEET report poor/fair health status at higher rates than their counterparts who remained in school and/or had a job (11.30% vs. 5.62%). The NEET population was older, had a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Blacks, engaged in more smoking but in less alcohol drinking than non-NEET. In our initial model, NEET were more likely report poor/fair SRH than their non-NEET counterparts (OR = 2.14; p < 0.001). This difference remains strong when demographic and socioeconomic characteristics are accounted for in our empirical models (OR = 1.93, p < 0.001). In our fully specified model, which accounts for health behaviors, NEET continue to have higher odds of reporting poor/fair SRH (OR = 1.77, p < 0.001). Our analyses suggest that NEET populations report worse health than non-NEETs. The health of this population may improve if interventions to reinsert them into either education or employment are effectively deployed. Approximately 14% of the population aged 16 to 25 are not employed or participating in education/training activities (NEET). The NEET population report worse health status than their non-NEET peers. NEETs report worse health even when accounting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and metropolitan residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeven Faye Chandler
- Pennsylvania Population Network, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alexis R. Santos Lozada
- Pennsylvania Population Network, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Corresponding author. 226 Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Williams C, Griffin KW, Mehta RK, Botvin GJ. Testing an evidence-based drug abuse and violence preventive approach adapted for youth in juvenile justice diversionary settings. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2021; 9:3. [PMID: 33528702 PMCID: PMC7856753 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-021-00128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universal school-based prevention programs for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use are typically designed for all students within a particular school setting. However, it is unclear whether such broad-based programs are effective for youth at risk for substance use and violence in juvenile justice settings. METHOD The present study tested the feasibility, appropriateness, and efficacy of a preventive intervention to reduce risk factors for substance use and delinquency among youth in juvenile justice diversionary settings by promoting positive youth development and building personal strengths and prosocial relationships. Participants in the study (N = 288) were predominantly male (69%) and in the 9th grade (14 years old) or higher (91%), received the preventive intervention, and completed confidential questionnaires at the pre-test and post-test. RESULTS The majority of youth who participated in the intervention rated the program topics (77.9%) and activities (72%) as appropriate for their age, would recommend it to their peers (73.6%), and would use the skills learned in the future (85.4%). Comparison of post-test adjusted means revealed that the prevention program had a significant positive impact on key knowledge, attitudes, and skills including goal-setting, stress-management, and communication skills. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that an evidence-based prevention approach adapted for youth diversionary settings can be effectively implemented and well-received by participating youth, and can produce positive changes in psychosocial skills and protective factors known to prevent multiple risk behaviors among youth. Future efforts to implement substance use prevention in community juvenile justice settings may benefit from highlighting a positive youth development, skills-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Williams
- National Health Promotion Associates, White Plains, New York, USA.
- State University of New York at Purchase College, Purchase, New York, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Griffin
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Ruchi K Mehta
- National Health Promotion Associates, White Plains, New York, USA
| | - Gilbert J Botvin
- National Health Promotion Associates, White Plains, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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Offiong A, Lewis Q, Powell TW. Making success tangible: reengaging female opportunity youth in Baltimore, MD. Perspect Public Health 2020; 140:187-189. [PMID: 32640913 DOI: 10.1177/1757913920921195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Opportunity Youth represents over four million young people who are not in school and are unemployed. In Maryland, Baltimore City has the highest rate of youth disconnection. In spite of this, there are limited culturally relevant program models specific to the experiences of urban, African American youth. None focus on the unique needs of young women who are disconnected from school and work. In partnership with two local youth organizations, a 6-week program was co-developed and implemented to address the social and emotional needs of female opportunity youth in Baltimore. The program promoted self-efficacy, fostered a supportive network of trusted adults and increased awareness of resources. Lessons learned included the importance of program flexibility, the value of youth voice in program development, and the need to reframe how success is measured. This case study highlights a novel approach to bolstering the development of female opportunity youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asari Offiong
- Research Assistant, Center for Adolescent Health, Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Quiana Lewis
- Center for Adolescent Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Terrinieka W Powell
- Center for Adolescent Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
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Sharfstein JM, Leighton J, Sommer A, MacKenzie EJ. Public Health Rising to the Challenge: The Bloomberg American Health Initiative. Public Health Rep 2018; 133:3S-4S. [PMID: 30426869 DOI: 10.1177/0033354918799744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Sharfstein
- 1 Bloomberg American Health Initiative, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,2 Public Health Practice and Community Engagement, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Alfred Sommer
- 4 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ellen J MacKenzie
- 4 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J MacKenzie
- 1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Klag
- 1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alfred Sommer
- 1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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