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Zhang H, Pan Y, Hou Y, Li M, Deng J, Wang B, Hao S. Smart Physical-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery System:Towards Intelligence and Controlled Release. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306944. [PMID: 37852939 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems based on physical principles have provided a stable, efficient, and safe strategy for disease therapy. However, the intelligent device with real-time control and precise drug release is required to enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient compliance. This review summarizes the recent developments, application scenarios, and drug release characteristics of smart transdermal drug delivery systems fabricated with physical principle. Special attention is paid to the progress of intelligent design and concepts in of physical-based transdermal drug delivery technologies for real-time monitoring and precise drug release. In addition, facing with the needs of clinical treatment and personalized medicine, the recent progress and trend of physical enhancement are further highlighted for transdermal drug delivery systems in combination with pharmaceutical dosage forms to achieve better transdermal effects and facilitate the development of smart medical devices. Finally, the next generation and future application scenarios of smart physical-based transdermal drug delivery systems are discussed, a particular focus in vaccine delivery and tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yinping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jia Deng
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Banov D, Song G, Carvalho M, Bassani AS, Valdez BC. Evaluation of a compounding phospholipid base for the percutaneous absorption of high molecular weight drugs using the Franz finite dose model. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13610. [PMID: 38352988 PMCID: PMC10865068 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Permeation-enhancing compounding bases are aimed to facilitate the penetration of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) across the skin barrier. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the percutaneous absorption of radiolabeled human insulin (14 C-isototpe) when incorporated in a proprietary phospholipid base designed to deliver APIs with high molecular weights (HMW). The aim was not to claim the transdermal delivery of insulin with potential therapeutic applications in diabetes but, instead, to evaluate the ability of the compounding phospholipid base to deliver HMW drugs. METHODS The percutaneous absorption of 14 C-insulin was determined using human torso skin and the Franz skin finite dose model. Two topical test formulations were prepared for in vitro evaluation: insulin 1% in phospholipid base (standard) and insulin 1% in phospholipid base HMW. The rate of percutaneous absorption (mean flux) and the distribution of 14 C-insulin through the skin were evaluated for both topical test formulations. A two-way ANOVA was used to determine statistical differences. RESULTS The 14 C-insulin was distributed into the stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis. Mean flux values showed a rapid penetration upon application and the maximum flux was achieved at 30 min, followed by a slow decline. Subsequently, a slower decline was observed for the topical test formulation including the phospholipid base HMW. CONCLUSION The phospholipid base HMW facilitates the percutaneous absorption of HMW drugs across human cadaver skin and, therefore, it may potentially be a useful option for compounding pharmacists and practitioners when considering the skin for the percutaneous delivery of large drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Banov
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
| | - Guiyun Song
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
| | - Maria Carvalho
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Benigno C. Valdez
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular TherapyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
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He C, He X, Zhang Y, Han X, Yang Y, Shen Y, Wang T, Wu Q, Yang Y, Xu W, Bai J, Wang Z. Development of a Microfluidic Formatted Ultrasound-Controlled Monodisperse Lipid Vesicles' Hydrogel Dressing Combined with Ultrasound for Transdermal Drug Delivery System. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300049. [PMID: 37178331 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has attracted much attention in the pharmaceutical technology area. However, the current methods are difficult to ensure penetration efficiency, controllability, and safety in the dermis, so its widespread clinical use has been limited. This work proposes an ultrasound-controlled monodisperse lipid vesicles (U-CMLVs) hydrogel dressing, which combines with ultrasound to form TDDS. Using microfluidic technology, prepare size controllable U-CMLVs with high drug encapsulation efficiency and quantitative encapsulation of ultrasonic response materials, and even uniform mix them with hydrogel to prepare the required thickness of dressings. The high encapsulation efficiency can ensure sufficient dosage of the drugs and further realize the control of ultrasonic response through quantitative encapsulation of ultrasound-responsive materials. Using high frequency (5 MHz, 0.4 W cm-2 ) and low frequency (60 kHz, 1 W cm-2 ) ultrasound to control the movement and rupture of U-CMLVs, the contents not only penetrate the stratum corneum into the epidermis but also break through the bottleneck of penetration efficiency, and deep into the dermis. These findings provide the groundwork for deep, controllable, efficient, and safe drug delivery through TDDS and lay a foundation for further expanding its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdian He
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiong He
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital and Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400011, China
| | - Yujun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Teng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yukun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital and Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400011, China
| | - Jin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Han W, Liu F, Liu G, Li H, Xu Y, Sun S. Research progress of physical transdermal enhancement techniques in tumor therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3339-3359. [PMID: 36815500 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The advancement and popularity of transdermal drug delivery (TDD) based on the physical transdermal enhancement technique (PTET) has opened a new paradigm for local tumor treatment. The drug can be directly delivered to the tumor site through the skin, thus avoiding the toxic side effects caused by the first-pass effect and achieving high patient compliance. Further development of PTETs has provided many options for antitumor drugs and laid the foundation for future applications of wearable closed-loop targeting drug delivery systems. In this highlight, the different types of PTETs and related mechanisms, and applications of PTET-related tumor detection and therapy are highlighted. According to their type and characteristics, PTETs are categorized as follows: (1) iontophoresis, (2) electroporation, (3) ultrasound, (4) thermal ablation, and (5) microneedles. PTET-related applications in the local treatment of tumors are categorized as follows: (1) melanoma, (2) breast tumor, (3) squamous cell carcinoma, (4) cervical tumor, and (5) others. The challenges and future prospects of existing PTETs are also discussed. This highlight will provide guidance for the design of PTET-based wearable closed-loop targeting drug delivery systems and personalized therapy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Fengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yongqian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Ikram M, Mahmud MAP. Advanced triboelectric nanogenerator-driven drug delivery systems for targeted therapies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:54-78. [PMID: 35713781 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the current decade, remarkable efforts have been made to develop a self-regulated, on-demand and controlled release drug delivery system driven by triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). TENGs have great potential to convert biomechanical energy into electricity and are suitable candidates for self-powered drug delivery systems (DDSs) with exciting features such as small size, easy fabrication, biocompatible, high power output and economical. This review exclusively explains the development and implementation process of TENG-mediated, self-regulated, on-demand and targeted DDSs. It also highlights the recently used TENG-driven DDSs for cancer therapy, infected wounds healing, tissue regeneration and many other chronic disorders. Moreover, it summarises the crucial challenges that are needed to be addressed for their universal applications. Finally, a roadmap to advance the TENG-based drug delivery system developments is depicted for the targeted therapies and personalised healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - M A Parvez Mahmud
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
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6
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An overview of recent advances in insulin delivery and wearable technology for effective management of diabetes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Simultaneous Gemcitabine and Percutaneous CT-Guided Irreversible Electroporation for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3523769. [PMID: 35747123 PMCID: PMC9213186 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3523769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new local ablation technique for pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study is to analyse the safety and effectiveness of simultaneous gemcitabine and percutaneous CT-guided IRE for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Materials and Methods From October 2016 to January 2018, 61 patients with LAPC who received simultaneous gemcitabine and IRE therapy (GEM-IRE group, n = 31) or IRE alone therapy (IRE group, n = 30). Routine intravenous gemcitabine chemotherapy was performed 2 weeks after IRE in both groups. Results Technical success rates were 90.0% (27/30) and 93.3% (28/30) in the GEM-IRE and IRE groups. Compared with the IRE group, the GEM-IRE group exhibited longer overall survival (OS), local tumor progression free survival (LTPFS), and distant disease free survival (DDFS) from IRE (OS, 17.1 vs. 14.2 months, p=0.031; LTPFS, 14.6 vs. 10.2 months, p=0.045; DDFS, 15.4 vs. 11.7 months, p=0.071). Multivariate Cox regression analysis results suggested that tumor volume ≤37 cm3 and simultaneous gemcitabine with IRE were significant independent prognostic factors of OS, LTPFS, and DDFS. Four major adverse reactions occurred; all of them were resolved after symptomatic treatment. Conclusions Simultaneous gemcitabine and percutaneous CT-guided IRE therapy model was effective and well-tolerated therapeutic strategy in LAPC patients.
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Nogaeva UV, Leshkevich AA, Yurochkin DS, Golant ZM, Flisyuk EV, Ivkin DY. Prospects of a Transdermal Dosage Form (Microneedles) and Justification of the Active Substance Selection for Development of a New Medicine. Pharm Chem J 2022; 55:1085-1095. [PMID: 35132286 PMCID: PMC8810208 DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. V. Nogaeva
- St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/A Prof. Popova St, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia
| | - A. A. Leshkevich
- St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/A Prof. Popova St, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia
| | - D. S. Yurochkin
- St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/A Prof. Popova St, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia
| | - Z. M. Golant
- St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/A Prof. Popova St, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia
| | - E. V. Flisyuk
- St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/A Prof. Popova St, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia
| | - D. Yu. Ivkin
- St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/A Prof. Popova St, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia
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Physicochemical and biopharmaceutical aspects influencing skin permeation and role of SLN and NLC for skin drug delivery. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08938. [PMID: 35198788 PMCID: PMC8851252 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex and multifunctional organ, in which the static versus dynamic balance is responsible for its constant adaptation to variations in the external environment that is continuously exposed. One of the most important functions of the skin is its ability to act as a protective barrier, against the entry of foreign substances and against the excessive loss of endogenous material. Human skin imposes physical, chemical and biological limitations on all types of permeating agents that can cross the epithelial barrier. For a molecule to be passively permeated through the skin, it must have properties, such as dimensions, molecular weight, pKa and hydrophilic-lipophilic gradient, appropriate to the anatomy and physiology of the skin. These requirements have limited the number of commercially available products for dermal and transdermal administration of drugs. To understand the mechanisms involved in the drug permeation process through the skin, the approach should be multidisciplinary in order to overcome biological and pharmacotechnical barriers. The study of the mechanisms involved in the permeation process, and the ways to control it, can make this route of drug administration cease to be a constant promise and become a reality. In this work, we address the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical aspects encountered in the pathway of drugs through the skin, and the potential added value of using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid vectors (NLC) to drug permeation/penetration through this route. The technology and architecture for obtaining lipid nanoparticles are described in detail, namely the composition, production methods and the ability to release pharmacologically active substances, as well as the application of these systems in the vectorization of various pharmacologically active substances for dermal and transdermal applications. The characteristics of these systems in terms of dermal application are addressed, such as biocompatibility, occlusion, hydration, emollience and the penetration of pharmacologically active substances. The advantages of using these systems over conventional formulations are described and explored from a pharmaceutical point of view.
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Liu J, Dean DA. Gene Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Physiol 2022; 12:786255. [PMID: 35111077 PMCID: PMC8801611 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.786255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinical syndrome that leads to acute respiratory failure and accounts for over 70,000 deaths per year in the United States alone, even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. While its molecular details have been teased apart and its pathophysiology largely established over the past 30 years, relatively few pharmacological advances in treatment have been made based on this knowledge. Indeed, mortality remains very close to what it was 30 years ago. As an alternative to traditional pharmacological approaches, gene therapy offers a highly controlled and targeted strategy to treat the disease at the molecular level. Although there is no single gene or combination of genes responsible for ARDS, there are a number of genes that can be targeted for upregulation or downregulation that could alleviate many of the symptoms and address the underlying mechanisms of this syndrome. This review will focus on the pathophysiology of ARDS and how gene therapy has been used for prevention and treatment. Strategies for gene delivery to the lung, such as barriers encountered during gene transfer, specific classes of genes that have been targeted, and the outcomes of these approaches on ARDS pathogenesis and resolution will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - David A. Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: David A. Dean,
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Das R, Langou S, Le TT, Prasad P, Lin F, Nguyen TD. Electrical Stimulation for Immune Modulation in Cancer Treatments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:795300. [PMID: 35087799 PMCID: PMC8788921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.795300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming a very common treatment for cancer, using approaches like checkpoint inhibition, T cell transfer therapy, monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccination. However, these approaches involve high doses of immune therapeutics with problematic side effects. A promising approach to reducing the dose of immunotherapeutic agents given to a cancer patient is to combine it with electrical stimulation, which can act in two ways; it can either modulate the immune system to produce the immune cytokines and agents in the patient's body or it can increase the cellular uptake of these immune agents via electroporation. Electrical stimulation in form of direct current has been shown to reduce tumor sizes in immune-competent mice while having no effect on tumor sizes in immune-deficient mice. Several studies have used nano-pulsed electrical stimulations to activate the immune system and drive it against tumor cells. This approach has been utilized for different types of cancers, like fibrosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, human papillomavirus etc. Another common approach is to combine electrochemotherapy with immune modulation, either by inducing immunogenic cell death or injecting immunostimulants that increase the effectiveness of the treatments. Several therapies utilize electroporation to deliver immunostimulants (like genes encoded with cytokine producing sequences, cancer specific antigens or fragments of anti-tumor toxins) more effectively. Lastly, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve can trigger production and activation of anti-tumor immune cells and immune reactions. Hence, the use of electrical stimulation to modulate the immune system in different ways can be a promising approach to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritopa Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Sofia Langou
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Thinh T. Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Pooja Prasad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
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Abe Y, Nishizawa M. Electrical aspects of skin as a pathway to engineering skin devices. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041509. [PMID: 34849444 PMCID: PMC8604566 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is one of the indispensable organs for life. The epidermis at the outermost surface provides a permeability barrier to infectious agents, chemicals, and excessive loss of water, while the dermis and subcutaneous tissue mechanically support the structure of the skin and appendages, including hairs and secretory glands. The integrity of the integumentary system is a key for general health, and many techniques have been developed to measure and control this protective function. In contrast, the effective skin barrier is the major obstacle for transdermal delivery and detection. Changes in the electrical properties of skin, such as impedance and ionic activity, is a practical indicator that reflects the structures and functions of the skin. For example, the impedance that reflects the hydration of the skin is measured for quantitative assessment in skincare, and the current generated across a wound is used for the evaluation and control of wound healing. Furthermore, the electrically charged structure of the skin enables transdermal drug delivery and chemical extraction. This paper provides an overview of the electrical aspects of the skin and summarizes current advances in the development of devices based on these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuina Abe
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Kalave S, Chatterjee B, Shah P, Misra A. Transdermal Delivery of Macromolecules Using Nano Lipid Carriers. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4330-4340. [PMID: 34414868 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210820095330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin being the largest external organ, offers an appealing procedure for transdermal drug delivery, so the drug needs to reach above the outermost layer of the skin, i.e., stratum corneum. Small molecular drug entities obeying the Lipinski rule, i.e., drugs having a molecular weight less than 500 Da, high lipophilicity, and optimum polarity, are favored enough to be used on the skin as therapeutics. Skin's barrier properties prevent the transport of macromolecules at pre-determined therapeutic rates. Notable advancements in macromolecules' transdermal delivery have occurred in recent years. Scientists have opted for liposomes, the use of electroporation, low-frequency ultrasound techniques, etc. Some of these have shown better delivery of macromolecules at clinically beneficial rates. These physical technologies involve complex mechanisms, which may irreversibly incur skin damage. Majorly, two types of lipid-based formulations, including Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs), are widely investigated as transdermal delivery systems. In this review, the concepts, mechanisms, and applications of nanostructured lipid carriers used to transport macromolecules via transdermal routes are thoroughly reviewed and presented along with their clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kalave
- SVKM's NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, India
| | - Bappaditya Chatterjee
- SVKM's NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, India
| | - Parth Shah
- SVKM's NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, India
| | - Ambikanandan Misra
- SVKM's NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, India
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Jeong WY, Kwon M, Choi HE, Kim KS. Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems: a review. Biomater Res 2021; 25:24. [PMID: 34321111 PMCID: PMC8317283 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various non-invasive administrations have recently emerged as an alternative to conventional needle injections. A transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) represents the most attractive method among these because of its low rejection rate, excellent ease of administration, and superb convenience and persistence among patients. TDDS could be applicable in not only pharmaceuticals but also in the skin care industry, including cosmetics. Because this method mainly involves local administration, it can prevent local buildup in drug concentration and nonspecific delivery to tissues not targeted by the drug. However, the physicochemical properties of the skin translate to multiple obstacles and restrictions in transdermal delivery, with numerous investigations conducted to overcome these bottlenecks. In this review, we describe the different types of available TDDS methods, along with a critical discussion of the specific advantages and disadvantages, characterization methods, and potential of each method. Progress in research on these alternative methods has established the high efficiency inherent to TDDS, which is expected to find applications in a wide range of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Yeup Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Eun Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Su Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Morshedi Rad D, Alsadat Rad M, Razavi Bazaz S, Kashaninejad N, Jin D, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. A Comprehensive Review on Intracellular Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005363. [PMID: 33594744 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is considered an indispensable process for various studies, ranging from medical applications (cell-based therapy) to fundamental (genome-editing) and industrial (biomanufacture) approaches. Conventional macroscale delivery systems critically suffer from such issues as low cell viability, cytotoxicity, and inconsistent material delivery, which have opened up an interest in the development of more efficient intracellular delivery systems. In line with the advances in microfluidics and nanotechnology, intracellular delivery based on micro- and nanoengineered platforms has progressed rapidly and held great promises owing to their unique features. These approaches have been advanced to introduce a smorgasbord of diverse cargoes into various cell types with the maximum efficiency and the highest precision. This review differentiates macro-, micro-, and nanoengineered approaches for intracellular delivery. The macroengineered delivery platforms are first summarized and then each method is categorized based on whether it employs a carrier- or membrane-disruption-mediated mechanism to load cargoes inside the cells. Second, particular emphasis is placed on the micro- and nanoengineered advances in the delivery of biomolecules inside the cells. Furthermore, the applications and challenges of the established and emerging delivery approaches are summarized. The topic is concluded by evaluating the future perspective of intracellular delivery toward the micro- and nanoengineered approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Morshedi Rad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Maryam Alsadat Rad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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16
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Peña-Juárez MC, Guadarrama-Escobar OR, Escobar-Chávez JJ. Transdermal Delivery Systems for Biomolecules. J Pharm Innov 2021; 17:319-332. [PMID: 33425065 PMCID: PMC7786146 DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The present review article focuses on highlighting the main technologies used as tools that improve the delivery of transdermal biomolecules, addressing them from the point of view of research in the development of transdermal systems that use physical and chemical permeation enhancers and nanocarrier systems or a combination of them. Results Transdermal drug delivery systems have increased in importance since the late 1970s when their use was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They appeared to be an alternative resource for the administration of many potent drugs. The first transdermal drug delivery system used for biomolecules was for the treatment of hormonal disorders. Biomolecules have been used primarily in many treatments for cancer and diabetes, vaccines, hormonal disorders, and contraception. Conclusions The latest technologies that have used such transdermal biomolecule transporters include electrical methods (physical penetration enhancers), some chemical penetration enhancers and nanocarriers. All of them allow the maintenance of the physical and chemical properties of the main proteins and peptides through these clinical treatments, allowing their efficient storage, transport, and release and ensuring the achievement of their target and better results in the treatment of many diseases. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Concepción Peña-Juárez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala, C.P. 54714 Cuautitlán Izcalli, México, Estado de México Mexico
| | - Omar Rodrigo Guadarrama-Escobar
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Programa de Posgrado: Doctorado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Santo Tomás C. P. 11340, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Juan Escobar-Chávez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala, C.P. 54714 Cuautitlán Izcalli, México, Estado de México Mexico
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Akhtar N, Singh V, Yusuf M, Khan RA. Non-invasive drug delivery technology: development and current status of transdermal drug delivery devices, techniques and biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 65:243-272. [PMID: 31926064 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pay-load deliveries across the skin barrier to the systemic circulation have been one of the most challenging delivery options. Necessitated requirements of the skin and facilitated skin layer cross-over delivery attempts have resulted in development of different non-invasive, non-oral methods, devices and systems which have been standardized, concurrently used and are in continuous upgrade and improvements. Iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, magnetophoresis, dermal patches, nanocarriers, needled and needle-less shots, and injectors are among some of the methods of transdermal delivery. The current review covers the current state of the art, merits and shortcomings of the systems, devices and transdermal delivery patches, including drugs' and other payloads' passage facilitation techniques, permeation and absorption feasibility studies, as well as physicochemical properties affecting the delivery through different transdermal modes along with examples of drugs, vaccines, genes and other payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,Buraydah Colleges, PO Box 31717, Qassim 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Varsha Singh
- Manav Rachna International University (MRIU) and Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Study (MRIIRS), Faridabad, HR 121 001, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- College of Pharmacy, University of Taif, Taif Al-Haweiah, Taif, Saudi Arabia.https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 1417-7774
| | - Riaz A Khan
- Manav Rachna International University (MRIU) and Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Study (MRIIRS), Faridabad, HR 121 001, India.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Chen X, Zhu L, Li R, Pang L, Zhu S, Ma J, Du L, Jin Y. Electroporation-enhanced transdermal drug delivery: Effects of logP, pK a, solubility and penetration time. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 151:105410. [PMID: 32505795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is an important physical technique to improve drug transdermal delivery, although its mechanism remains unclear. Here, some types of polar drugs, including aspirin, diclofenac sodium, metformin hydrochloride, ibuprofen and zidovudine, were used as the model drugs for the exploration of electroporation mechanisms. Electroporation had great influences on the structure of stratum corneum to improve the cumulative permeability due to the formation of pores maintaining for at least 2 h, depending on the power and time, and then the permeation gradually recovered to the normal value after 12 h. A mathematical model was firstly established to exhibit the relationship between the electroporation-improving cumulative permeation and the physiochemical properties of the model drugs, involving oil-water partition coefficient (logP), dissociation constant (pKa) and solubility (S). Increased cumulative permeation depended on increased S, decreased logP and pKa. Electroporation is an effective physical technique to improve transdermal drug delivery depending on itself and the properties of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruiteng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lulu Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Siqing Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jinqiu Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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19
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Huang D, Huang Y, Li Z. Transdermal Delivery of Nucleic Acid Mediated by Punching and Electroporation. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2050:101-112. [PMID: 31468484 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9740-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of gene medicine holds a great promise in gene therapy, and electroporation-mediated method is a high-efficiency drug transfer technique. Traditional skin electroporation approaches require high voltage that may cause severe injure. In this chapter, we provide a detailed protocol of a novel skin electroporation approach via combination of a microneedle roller and a flexible interdigitated electroporation array (FIEA) for efficient delivery of DNA and siRNA into mouse skin. This electroporation protocol assisted by punching with the microneedle roller represents significant advantages over treatment with electroporation alone, allowing successful nucleic acid transportation at low voltage, with ideal safety outcomes. We describe the details of fabrication process of the FIEA, experiment preparation, and mouse thigh skin electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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20
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Hossain S, Abdelgawad A. Analysis of membrane permeability due to synergistic effect of controlled shock wave and electric field application. Electromagn Biol Med 2019; 39:20-29. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2019.1706553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadeeb Hossain
- School of Science and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdelgawad
- School of Science and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
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21
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Kahkoska AR, Wang J, Buse JB, Gu Z. Advances in transdermal insulin delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:51-70. [PMID: 30528729 PMCID: PMC6556146 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin therapy is necessary to regulate blood glucose levels for people with type 1 diabetes and commonly used in advanced type 2 diabetes. Although subcutaneous insulin administration via hypodermic injection or pump-mediated infusion is the standard route of insulin delivery, it may be associated with pain, needle phobia, and decreased adherence, as well as the risk of infection. Therefore, transdermal insulin delivery has been widely investigated as an attractive alternative to subcutaneous approaches for diabetes management in recent years. Transdermal systems designed to prevent insulin degradation and offer controlled, sustained release of insulin may be desirable for patients and lead to increased adherence and glycemic outcomes. A challenge for transdermal insulin delivery is the inefficient passive insulin absorption through the skin due to the large molecular weight of the protein drug. In this review, we focus on the different transdermal insulin delivery techniques and their respective advantages and limitations, including chemical enhancers-promoted, electrically enhanced, mechanical force-triggered, and microneedle-assisted methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Anna R Kahkoska
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - John B Buse
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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22
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Huang D, Zhao D, Wang X, Li C, Yang T, Du L, Wei Z, Cheng Q, Cao H, Liang Z, Huang Y, Li Z. Efficient delivery of nucleic acid molecules into skin by combined use of microneedle roller and flexible interdigitated electroporation array. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2361-2376. [PMID: 29721085 PMCID: PMC5928895 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Delivery of nucleic acid molecules into skin remains a main obstacle for various types of gene therapy or vaccine applications. Here we propose a novel electroporation approach via combined use of a microneedle roller and a flexible interdigitated electroporation array (FIEA) for efficient delivery of DNA and siRNA into mouse skin. Methods: Using micromachining technology, closely spaced gold electrodes were made on a pliable parylene substrate to form a patch-like electroporation array, which enabled close surface contact between the skin and electrodes. Pre-penetration of the skin with a microneedle roller resulted in the formation of microchannels in the skin, which played a role as liquid electrodes in the skin and provided a uniform and deep electric field in the tissue when pulse stimulation was applied by FIEA. Results: Using this proposed method, gene (RFP) expression and siRNA transfection were successfully achieved in normal mice skin. Anti-SCD1 siRNA electroporated via this method mediated significant gene silencing in the skin. Moreover, electroporation assisted by the microneedle roller showed significant advantages over treatment with FIEA alone. This allowed nucleic acid transportation at low voltage, with ideal safety outcomes. Principal conclusions: Hence, the proposed electroporation approach in this study constitutes a novel way for delivering siRNA and DNA, and even other nucleic acid molecules, to mouse skin in vivo, potentially supporting clinical application in the treatment of skin diseases or intradermal/subcutaneous vaccination.
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24
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Zhang S, Ou H, Liu C, Zhang Y, Mitragotri S, Wang D, Chen M. Skin Delivery of Hydrophilic Biomacromolecules Using Marine Sponge Spicules. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3188-3200. [PMID: 28763230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of sponge Haliclona sp. spicules, referred to as SHS, and its topical application in skin delivery of hydrophilic biomacromolecules, a series of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (FDs). SHS are silicious oxeas which are sharp-edged and rod-shaped (∼120 μm in length and ∼7 μm in diameter). SHS can physically disrupt skin in a dose-dependent manner and retain within the skin over at least 72 h, which allows sustained skin penetration of hydrophilic biomacromolecules. The magnitude of enhancement of FD delivery into skin induced by SHS treatment was dependent on its molecular weight. Specifically, SHS topical application enhanced FD-10 (MW: 10 kDa) penetration into porcine skin in vitro by 33.09 ± 7.16-fold compared to control group (p < 0.01). SHS dramatically increased the accumulation of FD-10 into and across the dermis by 62.32 ± 13.48-fold compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In vivo experiments performed using BALB/c mice also confirmed the effectiveness of SHS topical application; the skin absorption of FD-10 with SHS topical application was 72.14 ± 48.75-fold (p < 0.05) and 15.39 ± 9.91-fold (p < 0.05) higher than those from the PBS and Dermaroller microneedling, respectively. Further, skin irritation study and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement using guinea pig skin in vivo indicated that skin disruption induced by SHS treatment is self-limited and can be recovered with time and efficiently. SHS can offer a safe, effective, and sustained skin delivery of hydrophilic biomacromolecules and presents a promising platform technology for a wide range of cosmetic and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiman Zhang
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, PR China.,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Huilong Ou
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Chunyun Liu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, PR China.,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Center for Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara 93106, United States
| | - Dexiang Wang
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, PR China.,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Xiamen 361102, PR China
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25
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Münch S, Wohlrab J, Neubert RHH. Dermal and transdermal delivery of pharmaceutically relevant macromolecules. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017. [PMID: 28647443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The skin offers an attractive way for dermal and transdermal drug delivery that is why the drug still needs certain qualities to transcend the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum. The requirements are: drugs with a maximum molecular weight of 1kDa, high lipophilicity and a certain polarity. This would restrict the use of a transdermal delivery of macromolecules, which would make the drug more effective in therapeutic administration. Various studies have shown that macromolecules without support do not penetrate the human skin. This effect can be achieved using physical and chemical methods, as well as biological peptides. The most popular physical method is the use of microneedles to create micropores in the skin and release the active agent in different sections. But also, other methods have been tested. Microjets, lasers, electroporation, sonophoresis and iontophoresis are also promising methods to successfully deliver dermal and transdermal macromolecules. Additionally, there are different penetration enhancer groups and biological peptides, which are also considered to be interesting approaches of enabling macromolecules to travel along the skin. All these methods will be described and evaluated in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Münch
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy (IADP), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - J Wohlrab
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy (IADP), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - R H H Neubert
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy (IADP), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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26
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Martin RCG. Multi-disciplinary management of locally advanced pancreatic cancer with irreversible electroporation. J Surg Oncol 2017; 116:35-45. [PMID: 28475814 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The essential diagnosis for LAPC is based on high-quality cross-sectional imaging, which demonstrates tumor invasion into the celiac/superior mesenteric arteries and/or superior mesenteric/portal venous system that is not reconstructable. The optimal management of these patients is evolving quickly with the advent of newer chemotherapeutics, radiation, and non-thermal ablation modalities. This review will present the current status of initial chemotherapy, surgical therapy, ablative therapy, and radiation therapy for patients with nonmetastatic locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C G Martin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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28
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Komatsu K, Shibata T, Shimada A, Ideno H, Nakashima K, Tabata Y, Nifuji A. Cationized gelatin hydrogels mixed with plasmid DNA induce stronger and more sustained gene expression than atelocollagen at calvarial bone defects in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 27:419-30. [PMID: 26848778 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2016.1139486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene transduction of exogenous factors at local sites in vivo is a promising approach to promote regeneration of tissue defects owing to its simplicity and capacity for expression of a variety of genes. Gene transduction by viral vectors is highly efficient; however, there are safety concerns associated with viruses. As a method for nonviral gene transduction, plasmid DNA delivery is safer and simpler, but requires an efficient carrier substance. Here, we aimed to develop a simple, efficient method for bone regeneration by gene transduction and to identify optimal conditions for plasmid DNA delivery at bone defect sites. We focused on carrier substances and compared the efficiencies of two collagen derivatives, atelocollagen, and gelatin hydrogel, as substrates for plasmid DNA delivery in vivo. To assess the efficiencies of these substrates, we examined exogenous expression of green fluorescence protein (GFP) by fluorescence microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. GFP expression at the bone defect site was higher when gelatin hydrogel was used as a substrate to deliver plasmids than when atelocollagen was used. Moreover, the gelatin hydrogel was almost completely absorbed at the defect site, whereas some atelocollagen remained. When a plasmid harboring bone morphogenic protein 2 was delivered with the substrate to bony defect sites, more new bone formation was observed in the gelatin group than in the atelocollagen group. These results suggested that the gelatin hydrogel was more efficient than atelocollagen as a substrate for local gene delivery and may be a superior material for induction of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Komatsu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - T Shibata
- a Department of Pharmacology , Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - A Shimada
- a Department of Pharmacology , Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - H Ideno
- a Department of Pharmacology , Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - K Nakashima
- a Department of Pharmacology , Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Y Tabata
- b Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - A Nifuji
- a Department of Pharmacology , Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
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Pavšelj N, Zorec B, Miklavčič D, Becker S. Experimental Factors to Be Considered in Electroporation-Mediated Transdermal Diffusion Experiments. J Biomech Eng 2015; 137:124501. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4031767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss some of the primary experimental factors that should be considered when interpreting and implementing the published results of skin electroporation studies concerning measurements of mass transport across the stratum corneum (SC) in the Franz cell. It is explained that the pulse magnitude should always be considered in the context of pulse shape and that transport measurements should always be presented in the context of the trans-SC potential difference (instead of the voltage between the electrodes). The condition of the SC prior to the application of the long-duration pulse strongly influences the evolution of the local transport region (LTR). This is quantified in a simple analytical investigation of the conditions that affect the thermodynamic response of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Pavšelj
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia e-mail:
| | - Barbara Zorec
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia e-mail:
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia e-mail:
| | - Sid Becker
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand e-mail:
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Arnette C, Koetsier JL, Hoover P, Getsios S, Green KJ. In Vitro Model of the Epidermis: Connecting Protein Function to 3D Structure. Methods Enzymol 2015; 569:287-308. [PMID: 26778564 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Much of our understanding of the biological processes that underlie cellular functions in humans, such as cell-cell communication, intracellular signaling, and transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of gene expression, has been acquired from studying cells in a two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture environment. However, it has become increasingly evident that the 2D environment does not support certain cell functions. The need for more physiologically relevant models prompted the development of three-dimensional (3D) cultures of epithelial, endothelial, and neuronal tissues (Shamir & Ewald, 2014). These models afford investigators with powerful tools to study the contribution of spatial organization, often in the context of relevant extracellular matrix and stromal components, to cellular and tissue homeostasis in normal and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Arnette
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul Hoover
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Spiro Getsios
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Yaksh TL, Woller SA, Ramachandran R, Sorkin LS. The search for novel analgesics: targets and mechanisms. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2015; 7:56. [PMID: 26097729 PMCID: PMC4447049 DOI: 10.12703/p7-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The management of the pain state is of great therapeutic relevance to virtually every medical specialty. Failure to manage its expression has deleterious consequence to the well-being of the organism. An understanding of the complex biology of the mechanisms underlying the processing of nociceptive information provides an important pathway towards development of novel and robust therapeutics. Importantly, preclinical models have been of considerable use in determining the linkage between mechanism and the associated behaviorally defined pain state. This review seeks to provide an overview of current thinking targeting pain biology, the use of preclinical models and the development of novel pain therapeutics. Issues pertinent to the strengths and weaknesses of current development strategies for analgesics are considered.
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Delivery of episomal vectors into primary cells by means of commercial transfection reagents. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:348-53. [PMID: 25887802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although episomal vectors are commonly transported into cells by electroporation, a number of electroporation-derived problems have led to the search for alternative transfection protocols, such as the use of transfection reagents, which are inexpensive and easy to handle. Polyplex-mediated transport of episomal vectors into the cytoplasm has been conducted successfully in immortalized cell lines, but no report exists of successful transfection of primary cells using this method. Accordingly, we sought to optimize the conditions for polyplex-mediated transfection for effective delivery of episomal vectors into the cytoplasm of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Episomal vectors were complexed with the commercially available transfection reagents Lipofectamine 2000, FuGEND HD and jetPEI. The ratio of transfection reagent to episomal vectors was varied, and the subsequent transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of the complexes were analyzed using flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion assay, respectively. No cytotoxicity and the highest transfection yield were observed when the ratio of transfection reagent to episomal vector was 4 (v/wt) in the cases of Lipofectamine 2000 and FuGENE HD, and 2 in the case of jetPEI. Of the three transfection reagents tested, jetPEI showed the highest transfection efficiency without any cytotoxicity. Thus, we confirmed that the transfection reagent jetPEI could be used to effectively deliver episomal vectors into primary cells without electroporation.
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Perspectivas de futuro en láseres, nuevas tecnologías y nanotecnología en dermatología. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2015; 106:168-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Future Prospects in Dermatologic Applications of Lasers, Nanotechnology, and Other New Technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Kaestner L, Scholz A, Lipp P. Conceptual and technical aspects of transfection and gene delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1171-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Blagus T, Markelc B, Cemazar M, Kosjek T, Preat V, Miklavcic D, Sersa G. In vivo real-time monitoring system of electroporation mediated control of transdermal and topical drug delivery. J Control Release 2013; 172:862-71. [PMID: 24113487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is a physical method for the delivery of molecules into cells and tissues, including the skin. In this study, in order to control the degree of transdermal and topical drug delivery, EP at different amplitudes of electric pulses was evaluated. A new in vivo real-time monitoring system based on fluorescently labeled molecules was developed, for the quantification of transdermal and topical drug delivery. EP of the mouse skin was performed with new non-invasive multi-array electrodes, delivering different amplitudes of electric pulses ranging from 70 to 570 V, between the electrode pin pairs. Patches, soaked with 4 kDa fluorescein-isothiocyanate labeled dextran (FD), doxorubicin (DOX) or fentanyl (FEN), were applied to the skin before and after EP. The new monitoring system was developed based on the delivery of FD to and through the skin. FD relative quantity was determined with fluorescence microscopy imaging, in the treated region of the skin for topical delivery and in a segment of the mouse tail for transdermal delivery. The application of electric pulses for FD delivery resulted in enhanced transdermal delivery. Depending on the amplitude of electric pulses, it increased up to the amplitude of 360 V, and decreased at higher amplitudes (460 and 570 V). Topical delivery steadily enhanced with increasing the amplitude of the delivered electric pulses, being even higher than after tape stripping used as a positive control. The non-invasive monitoring of the delivery of DOX, a fluorescent chemotherapeutic drug, qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed the effects of EP at 360 and 570 V pulse amplitudes on topical and transdermal drug delivery. Delivery of FEN at 360 and 570 V pulse amplitudes verified the observed effects as obtained with FD and DOX, by the measured physiological responses of the mice as well as FEN plasma concentration. This study demonstrates that with the newly developed non-invasive multi-array electrodes and with the varying electric pulse amplitude, the amount of topical and transdermal drug delivery to the skin can be controlled. Furthermore, the newly developed monitoring system provides a tool for rapid real-time determination of both, transdermal and topical delivery, when the delivered molecule is fluorescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Blagus
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Rossi M, Orgera G, Hatzidakis A, Krokidis M. Minimally invasive ablation treatment for locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2013; 37:586-91. [PMID: 23989503 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-013-0724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an aggressive tumour with an extremely poor prognosis, which has not changed significantly during the last 30 years. Prolonged survival is achieved only by R0 resection with macroscopic tumour clearance. However, the majority of the cases are considered inoperable at diagnosis due to local spread or presence of metastatic disease. Chemoradiotherapy is not tolerated by all patients and still fails to prolong survival significantly; neoadjuvant treatment also has limited results on pain control or tumour downstaging. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of ablation therapy for the treatment of nonresectable tumours in various organs. Ablation techniques are based on direct application of chemical, thermal, or electrical energy to a tumour, which leads to cellular necrosis. With ablation, tumour cytoreduction, local control, and relief from symptoms are obtained in the majority of the patients. Inoperable cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma have been treated by various ablation techniques in the last few years with promising results. The purpose of this review is to present the current status of local ablative therapies in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and to investigate on the efficiency and the future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Rossi
- Unit of Interventional Radiology, S. Andrea University Hospital "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Li H, Yu Y, Faraji Dana S, Li B, Lee CY, Kang L. Novel engineered systems for oral, mucosal and transdermal drug delivery. J Drug Target 2013; 21:611-29. [PMID: 23869879 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.805335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in drug discovery have resulted in increasing number of molecules including proteins and peptides as drug candidates. However, how to deliver drugs with satisfactory therapeutic effect, minimal side effects and increased patient compliance is a question posted before researchers, especially for those drugs with poor solubility, large molecular weight or instability. Microfabrication technology, polymer science and bioconjugate chemistry combine to address these problems and generate a number of novel engineered drug delivery systems. Injection routes usually have poor patient compliance due to their invasive nature and potential safety concerns over needle reuse. The alternative non-invasive routes, such as oral, mucosal (pulmonary, nasal, ocular, buccal, rectal, vaginal), and transdermal drug delivery have thus attracted many attentions. Here, we review the applications of the novel engineered systems for oral, mucosal and transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Liu KC, Green CR, Alany RG, Rupenthal ID. Synergistic effect of chemical penetration enhancer and iontophoresis on transappendageal transport of oligodeoxynucleotides. Int J Pharm 2012; 441:687-92. [PMID: 23099122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AsODN) have been shown to improve a number of inflammatory conditions and may therefore offer a novel strategy for persistent pain management. However, for such molecules to be clinically effective, delivery challenges owing to the molecules' high molecular weight, negative charge and hydrophilicity have to be overcome. In this study, the effect of various chemical penetration enhancers and cathodal iontophoresis on transdermal delivery was evaluated. Initial skin permeation studies revealed only a slight increase in the passive flux of the model anionic drug sodium fluorescein using limonene/ethanol. Applying cathodal iontophoresis, the amount of the model drug permeated through untreated skin was tripled, while a combination of chemical and physical penetration enhancement resulted in a fourfold increase in the fluorescein amount permeated. However, even the synergistic effect of limonene/ethanol and iontophoresis was insufficient to achieve complete permeation of Cy3-labeled Cx43 AsODN across the entire skin thickness. Instead, molecules were trapped in the epidermis or permeated deeply into the hair follicles. These results suggest that the synergistic effect of chemical and physical penetration enhancement increases intradermal delivery of oligonucleotides but is insufficient to deliver such large molecules across intact skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Chih Liu
- Drug Delivery Research Unit, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Stahl J, Wohlert M, Kietzmann M. Microneedle pretreatment enhances the percutaneous permeation of hydrophilic compounds with high melting points. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 13:5. [PMID: 22947102 PMCID: PMC3506268 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-13-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two commercially available microneedle rollers with a needle length of 200 μm and 300 μm were selected to examine the influence of microneedle pretreatment on the percutaneous permeation of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, paracetamol) with different physicochemical drug characteristics in Franz-type diffusion cells. Samples of the receptor fluids were taken at predefined times over 6 hours and were analysed by UV–VIS high-performance liquid-chromatography. Histological examinations after methylene blue application were additionally performed to gather information about barrier disruption. Results Despite no visible pores in the stratum corneum, the microneedle pretreatment resulted in a twofold (200 μm) and threefold higher (300 μm) flux through the pretreated skin samples compared to untreated skin samples for ibuprofen and ketoprofen (LogKow > 3, melting point < 100°C). The flux of the hydrophilic compounds diclofenac and paracetamol (logKow < 1, melting point > 100°C) increased their amount by four (200 μm) to eight (300 μm), respectively. Conclusion Commercially available microneedle rollers with 200–300 μm long needles enhance the drug delivery of topically applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and represent a valuable tool for percutaneous permeation enhancement particularly for substances with poor permeability due to a hydrophilic nature and high melting points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stahl
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, Hannover 30559, Germany.
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41
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Fatakdawala H, Uhland SA. Hydrogen peroxide mediated transvaginal drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2011; 409:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gillet A, Compère P, Lecomte F, Hubert P, Ducat E, Evrard B, Piel G. Liposome surface charge influence on skin penetration behaviour. Int J Pharm 2011; 411:223-31. [PMID: 21458550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular systems have shown their ability to increase dermal and transdermal drug delivery. Their mechanism of drug transport into and through the skin has been investigated but remains a much debated question. Several researchers have outlined that drug penetration can be influenced by modifying the surface charge of liposomes. In the present work we study the influence of particle surface charge on skin penetration. The final purpose is the development of a carrier system which is able to enhance the skin delivery of two model drugs, betamethasone and betamethasone dipropionate. Liposomes were characterised by their size, morphology, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and stability. Ex vivo diffusion studies using Franz diffusion cells were performed. Confocal microscopy was performed to visualise the penetration of fluorescently labelled liposomes into the skin. This study showed the potential of negatively charged liposomes to enhance the skin penetration of betamethasone and betamethasone dipropionate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gillet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, CHU, Tour 4, Bat B36, 1 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Bower M, Sherwood L, Li Y, Martin R. Irreversible electroporation of the pancreas: definitive local therapy without systemic effects. J Surg Oncol 2011; 104:22-8. [PMID: 21360714 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of thermal tumor ablative techniques in the pancreas is limited due to the risk of pancreatitis and damage to major vascular structures. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal ablation technique that could allow ablation in the pancreas while preserving vital surrounding blood vessels. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and ablation volume of IRE in porcine pancreatic tissue. METHODS IRE of swine pancreases was performed using an open technique and ultrasound guidance and the animals were followed for 72 hr, 7 days, and 14 days post-IRE. RESULTS All pigs underwent IRE, with one pig was unsuccessful after three attempts using at 3,000 V due to inability to achieve a stable current. All animals recovered well and revealed only mild adhesions, no ascites, and no pancreatic necrosis. All animals had transient increases in amylase and lipase that normalized on post-IRE day 3. Pathologic analysis revealed that ablation defects (median size 3 cm × 2.8 cm) were seen in electroporated areas with significant destruction of the pancreatic tissue with patent vascular structures. CONCLUSIONS This animal model demonstrates that IRE of the pancreas performed at an optimal voltage is well tolerated, with rapid resolution of pancreatic inflammation and preservation of vascular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bower
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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44
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Gillet A, Evrard B, Piel G. Liposomes and parameters affecting their skin penetration behaviour. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(11)50004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Escobar-Chávez JJ, Bonilla-Martínez D, Villegas-González MA, Molina-Trinidad E, Casas-Alancaster N, Revilla-Vázquez AL. Microneedles: a valuable physical enhancer to increase transdermal drug delivery. J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 51:964-77. [PMID: 21148047 DOI: 10.1177/0091270010378859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery offers an attractive alternative to the conventional drug delivery methods of oral administration and injection. However, the stratum corneum acts as a barrier that limits the penetration of substances through the skin. Recently, the use of micron-scale needles in increasing skin permeability has been proposed and shown to dramatically increase transdermal delivery. Microneedles have been fabricated with a range of sizes, shapes, and materials. Most in vitro drug delivery studies have shown these needles to increase skin permeability to a broad range of drugs that differ in molecular size and weight. In vivo studies have demonstrated satisfactory release of oligonucleotides and insulin and the induction of immune responses from protein and DNA vaccines. Microneedles inserted into the skin of human subjects were reported to be painless. For all these reasons, microneedles are a promising technology to deliver drugs into the skin. This review presents the main findings concerning the use of microneedles in transdermal drug delivery. It also covers types of microneedles, their advantages and disadvantages, enhancement mechanisms, and trends in transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Juan Escobar-Chávez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Sección de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. 1° de Mayo s/n. Col. Santa María las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, C.P. 54740 México.
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