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Mock CE, Segal DL. Relationships Between Diverse Forms of Anxiety With Intrapersonal Functioning Among Older Adults. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024; 98:420-435. [PMID: 37605487 DOI: 10.1177/00914150231196103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed how clinical anxiety, anxiety about aging, and death anxiety related to one another and to intrapersonal functioning. Older adults completed the Geriatric Anxiety Scale, Anxiety About Aging Scale, Death Anxiety Scale-Extended, and Intrapersonal Problems Rating Scale. Clinical anxiety was strongly correlated with anxiety about aging (r = .50) and death anxiety (r = .59), and anxiety about aging and death anxiety were strongly positively correlated with each other (r = .51). Intrapersonal problems were significantly and strongly positively correlated with clinical anxiety (r = .79), anxiety about aging (r = .50), and death anxiety (r = .56). Multiple regression results showed that the three types of anxiety accounted for a large amount of variance in intrapersonal problems. Findings suggest strong comorbidities between diverse forms of anxiety with some unique features. Intrapersonal deficits may be prominent in the presence of diverse forms of anxiety. Screening should consider these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Elaine Mock
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Daniel L Segal
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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2
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Morris KL, McDowell CN, Tawfiq D, Outler C, Kimmes JG. Relationship mindfulness, negative relationship quality, and physical health. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024; 50:136-149. [PMID: 37855613 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Romantic relationships have the potential to be a great source of support or a significant stressor depending on the quality of the relationship. Given the importance of these relationships, it is important to explore possible predictors of relationship quality, primarily if such predictors can be targeted in a clinical setting. Relationship mindfulness, or the propensity to be mindful in the setting of a romantic relationship, is one such option. The current study explored the associations between relationship mindfulness, negative relationship quality, and physical health. An online assessment was completed by 116 middle-aged different-sex couples that measured the variables of interest. In addition, an Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model was utilized to determine significant associations between relationship mindfulness, negative relationship quality, and physical health for both actors and partners. The clinical implications are that relationship mindfulness may help to decrease negative relationship quality and subsequently benefit individual physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Morris
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Chrystal N McDowell
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Dania Tawfiq
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Carson Outler
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan G Kimmes
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have found older adults report fewer anxiety symptoms than younger adults. As behavioral avoidance is theoretically associated with maintaining anxiety, this study sought to examine age-related differences in avoidance and anxiety in a cross-cultural sample of older (n = 60, 60-92 years) and younger adults (n = 70; 17-24 years). METHODS Community dwelling participants from Australia and the United States of America completed self-report measures of anxiety, worry, and depression. Participants also self-rated levels of avoidance to 133 common fearful situations using a card sort task. RESULTS Older adults reported significantly less avoidance of age-adjusted social and medical scenarios, more avoidance of aggressive scenarios, with no significant difference for animal or agoraphobic scenarios when compared to younger adults. Age-related effects were no longer significant in full models, in which the main effect of anxiety explained variance in avoidance for social, medical, animal, agoraphobic, but not aggression scenarios. CONCLUSIONS Age differences in avoidance behavior were accounted for by differences in anxiety symptoms, except for avoidance of aggressive scenarios, which was not associated with anxiety. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Age differences in levels of avoidance of common fearful situations were found, and may be associated with differences in anxiety symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana M Wuthrich
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Ageing, Cognition and Wellbeing, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jan Mohlman
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, New Jersey, USA
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Davis S, Serfaty M, Low J, Armstrong M, Kupeli N, Lanceley A. Experiential Avoidance in Advanced Cancer: a Mixed-Methods Systematic Review. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:585-604. [PMID: 36284042 PMCID: PMC10522753 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with advanced cancer experience psychological distress due to physical symptoms, functional decline, and a limited prognosis. Difficult thoughts, feelings, and emotions may exacerbate distress and lead to avoidance of these experiences which is sometimes referred to as experiential avoidance (EA). Advanced cancer patients may be more likely to engage in EA especially when no obvious solutions to their problems exist. This study aims to examine the terms used to describe EA, the processes that might indicate EA, associations between EA and psychological distress, and to understand why individuals might engage in EA. METHODS A mixed-methods review. Literature search of Medline, Embase, Psych INFO, and CINAHL 1980-October 2019. INCLUSION adults ≥ 18 years; advanced cancer not amenable to cure. EXCLUSION no measures of EA or psychological distress. Risk of bias and study quality assessed. Evidence of statistical techniques collected. Themes coded, grouped, and developed based on meaning. RESULTS Nineteen studies identified, 13 quantitative studies and 6 qualitative. The quantitative of which 6 compared early-stage cancers with advanced cancers and examined subscales of EA alongside mood, quality of life, and psychological distress. EA covers a range or terms of which 'avoidant coping' is the commonest. EA is manifest as cognitive, behavioural, and emotional avoidance. A thematic synthesis suggests the function of EA is to protect people from distress, and from confronting or expressing difficult emotions by avoiding communication about cancer, controlling negative information, and maintaining normality and hope and optimism. CONCLUSIONS EA may be beneficial in the short term to alleviate distress, but in the longer term, it can impair function and limit engagement in life. Greater clinical awareness of the complexity of EA behaviours is needed. Clinicians and researchers should define EA precisely and be aware of the function it may serve in the short and longer term. Future research studies may consider using specific measures of EA as a primary outcome, to assess the impact of psychological interventions such as ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- Division of Psychiatry, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Dept, University College London, Maple House, Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
| | - Marc Serfaty
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joe Low
- Division of Psychiatry, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Dept, University College London, Maple House, Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Megan Armstrong
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nuriye Kupeli
- Division of Psychiatry, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Dept, University College London, Maple House, Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Anne Lanceley
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, Department of Women's Cancer, University College London, London, UK
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5
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Gan R, Wei Y, Sun L, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhu T, Chen S, Xue J. Age and sex-specific differences of mindfulness traits with measurement invariance controlled in Chinese adult population: A pilot study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19608. [PMID: 37810161 PMCID: PMC10558855 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the relationships of age and sex with mindfulness traits among Chinese adults with controlling for measurement invariance. Methods A total of 1777 participants completing the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire were included for analysis. Their age and sex information were also collected. Descriptive analysis, Pearson's Chi-Square test and analysis of variance were performed to test the age- and sex-specific differences, measurement invariance was examined by confirmatory factor analysis. Results Excellent data fit to the model indicated configural, metric, and scalar invariance across age and sex. Participants aged 60 or above scored significantly higher in dimensions of acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, nonreactivity to inner experience, and the total scores than younger individuals, who had higher scores in the observing domain. In addition, females scored higher in describing and observing than males, while the latter had higher score in nonreactivity to inner experience. Conclusions The Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Mindfulness showed acceptable measurement invariance across age and sex in Chinese adult population. The old and the young differs in the traits of awareness, observing, nonjudging of inner experience, nonreactivity to inner experience and the total mindfulness level, while males and females varied in describing, observing and nonreactivity to inner experience. Individual differences should be considered and well addressed in future studies on mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Gan
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuyi Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingfei Zhu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Xue
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Felix G, Sharma MK, Anand N, Bhaskarapillai B, Kumar A. Experiential Avoidance as a Mediator of the Relationship between Dispositional Mindfulness and Problematic Smartphone Use. Int J Yoga 2023; 16:226-232. [PMID: 38463651 PMCID: PMC10919412 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_175_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Experiential avoidance (EA) and mindfulness are the two important transdiagnostic process and outcome variables in psychological formulation and treatment. While smartphones have a large utility value, they also have the potential for adverse impacts on functioning. Studies have separately shown associations among EA, dispositional mindfulness (DM), and problematic smartphone use (PSU). However, there is a lack of study exploring the associations and mediation relationship among these variables together in an Indian context. The current study aims to explore the associations of PSU, DM, EA, and sociodemographic factors; including the mediating effect of EA between DM and PSU in the Indian adult context. Methods Four hundred and thirty-four participants (M age = 25.4, standard deviation = 2.6, 58.8% females) were recruited for an online survey using a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using sociodemographic questionnaire, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, brief EA scale, and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale. Statistical analyses comprised multiple regression, mediation analysis, and significance in sociodemographic variables. Results Both EA and DM significantly predicted PSU with a 37% variance; however, DM had an inverse relationship. EA as a mediator could account for a quarter of the effect, PM = 24.4%, ab = -0.14, 95% CIcs (-0.19, -0.09). Conclusion The current study implicates the monitoring and treatment planning for PSU from a transdiagnostic perspective in the Indian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Felix
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Service for Healthy Use of Technology Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Service for Healthy Use of Technology Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitin Anand
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Service for Healthy Use of Technology Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Binukumar Bhaskarapillai
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Service for Healthy Use of Technology Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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McLeish AC, Hartson KR, Walker KL, Hart JL. Associations between sleep disturbance, physical activity, and anxiety sensitivity among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2512-2525. [PMID: 36799461 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2179082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study sought to examine associations between anxiety sensitivity and both sleep and physical activity among college students, who are particularly vulnerable to sleep disturbance, decreased physical activity, and the development of psychopathology, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 683 college students (Mage = 20.33, SD = 3.58; 72% female; 70.3% White) who completed self-report measures online for course credit. Results indicated that after controlling for the effects of age, gender identity, and race, greater sleep disturbance was significantly associated with higher overall anxiety sensitivity (7% unique variance; β = 0.27, t = 6.67, p < .001) as well as its three subdomains (physical concerns: 4% variance; β = 0.21, t = 4.97, p < .001; cognitive concerns: 6% variance; β = 0.25, t = 6.17, p < .001; social concerns: 6% variance; β = 0.26, t = 6.22, p < .001). Additionally, more time spent walking was associated with greater anxiety sensitivity physical concerns (1% variance; β = 0.11, t = 2.52, p = .012) and greater vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with lower anxiety sensitivity social concerns (1% variance; β = -0.13, t = -2.76, p = .006). These findings suggest that sleep problems may be more universally relevant to anxiety sensitivity than physical activity and interventions to promote healthier sleep may be useful for decreasing anxiety sensitivity in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C McLeish
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Kandi L Walker
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joy L Hart
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Ji CF, Wu GH, Du XD, Wang GX, Liu LL, Niu ME, Logan R, Kong FZ. Factors that contribute to trait mindfulness level among hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1144989. [PMID: 37496685 PMCID: PMC10368243 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1144989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness training among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) reduces symptoms, prevents relapse, improves prognosis, and is more efficient for those with a high level of trait mindfulness. Upon hospital admission, 126 MDD patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief, Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Rumination Response Scale (RRS). The 65 patients that scored less than the median of all subjects on the FFMQ were placed into the low mindfulness level (LML) group. The other 61 patients were placed in the high mindfulness level (HML) group. All facet scores were statistically different between the mental health assessment scores of the HML and LML groups except for RRS brooding and FFMQ nonjudgement. Trait mindfulness level exhibited a negative and bidirectional association with MDD severity primarily through the facets of description and aware actions. Trait mindfulness was also related positively with age primarily through the facets of nonreactivity and nonjudgement. Being married is positively associated with trait mindfulness levels primarily through the facet of observation and by an associated increase in perceived quality of life. Mindfulness training prior to MDD diagnosis also associates positively with trait mindfulness level. Hospitalized MDD patients should have their trait mindfulness levels characterized to predict treatment efficiency, help establish a prognosis, and identify mindfulness-related therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Fang Ji
- Department of Psychology, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guan-Hui Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Dong Du
- Department of Psychology, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gui-Xian Wang
- Moral Education Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Department of Psychology, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei-E. Niu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Robert Logan
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
| | - Fan-Zhen Kong
- Department of Nursing, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Plys E, Jacobs ML, Allen RS, Arch JJ. Psychological flexibility in older adulthood: a scoping review. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:453-465. [PMID: 35168415 PMCID: PMC9376200 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2036948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychological flexibility/inflexibility (PF/PI) is a core component of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) model, which is gaining more attention in the geropsychological literature. This scoping review examines the size and scope of the research on PF/PI in older adulthood related to age differences between older adult and younger samples, correlates relevant to psychological health, and changes with ACT. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Peer-reviewed articles available in English were included that: had a mean age ≥65 and a minimum age ≥60; and reported self-report measures of PF/PI. We categorized PF/PI into three domains: open, aware, and engaged. RESULTS Forty-six articles were included. Most studies measured open or aware domains; few measured the engaged domain. Older adults evidenced greater awareness compared to younger adults (9 of 13 analyses were significant). Openness and awareness consistently yielded medium to large correlations with anxiety and depression. PF/PI did not relate with positive affect and inconsistently correlated with quality of life measures. CONCLUSION Despite emerging trends, variability and limitations were evident in the literature. Specifically, measurement issues, lack of conceptual clarity, and the omission of values and behavioral measures require future attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Plys
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - M. Lindsey Jacobs
- Research and Development Service, Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama
| | - Rebecca S. Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, University of Alabama
| | - Joanna J. Arch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Cancer Prevention and Control, University of Colorado Cancer Center
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Broman-Fulks JJ, Bergquist JJ, Hall CA, Thomas K, Kelso KC. Incremental Validity of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Mechanisms for Anxiety and Panic Symptomology. J Cogn Psychother 2023; 37:43-62. [PMID: 36788001 DOI: 10.1891/jcpsy-d-20-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are empirically supported treatments for anxiety and panic disorder (PD), though they differ in their putative vulnerability and maintenance processes. The present study examined the incremental validity of several of these models' proposed core processes, including anxiety sensitivity (AS), dispositional avoidance, experiential avoidance (EA), cognitive fusion (CF), and mindfulness, as well as the interaction of the processes within each model, in the prediction of anxiety and panic symptomology. Methods: a sample of US adults (n = 316) completed self-report measures of AS, dispositional avoidance, EA, CF, mindfulness, anxiety, and PD symptoms. A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results: hierarchical regression analyses indicated that AS, dispositional avoidance, and EA predicted anxiety and panic symptoms even after controlling for one another, CF, mindfulness, and demographic variables. Although mindfulness and CF was correlated with anxiety and panic at the univariate level, they did not predict either outcome above and beyond AS, dispositional avoidance, and EA. When interaction terms were added to the models, the interaction between AS and -dispositional avoidance was a significant predictor of panic and anxiety symptoms, whereas the interaction between EA and CF only predicted panic symptoms. None of the interactions that included mindfulness were significant predictors. Conclusions: these findings provide support the independent and interactive predictive value of traditional CBT (AS, dispositional avoidance, and AS-dispositional avoidance) and ACT (EA) processes for anxiety and panic symptoms, but raise questions about the incremental predictive utility of CF and mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John J Bergquist
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christian A Hall
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelsey Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Kerry C Kelso
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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Do C, Pizzonia KL, Koscinski B, Sánchez CM, Suhr JA, Allan NP. A preliminary examination of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 factor structure in older adults. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:377-380. [PMID: 36162681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety sensitivity (AS), as measured by the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), exhibits three-factor and bifactor structures for younger adults. Less is known about the scale's structure within older adult samples. METHODS We explored the ASI-3's factor structure in a sample of 135 older adults who completed the ASI-3 alongside measures of anxiety, general worry, dementia worry, and depression as part of a larger study. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the factor structure of the ASI-3 in this sample. RESULTS A bifactor model was identified and factor loadings supported a general factor and specific physical and cognitive subfactors, but not the social concerns subfactor. Whereas the general factor was associated with anxiety, general worry, dementia worry, and depression, each subfactor had differential associations with these mood/anxiety variables. In particular, the cognitive concerns subfactor was strongly associated with depression and dementia worry. LIMITATIONS Generalizability of these findings is limited by a homogenous sample. CONCLUSIONS The observed factor structure of the ASI-3 in our sample aligns with increases in physical and cognitive health concerns during aging. Associations between the cognitive concerns subfactor and dementia worry suggest that this facet of the ASI-3 may be measuring age-related health concerns rather than concerns specific to anxiety symptoms. Future studies should examine whether AS cognitive concerns and dementia worry are overlapping constructs particularly for individuals concerned about their age-related cognitive changes. Age differences in AS and its correlates should be further studied to identify better methods of assessing for AS across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cardinal Do
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Julie A Suhr
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas P Allan
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; VA Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Health Care System, Finger Lakes, New York, USA
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12
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Fisher ME, Duraney E, Friess K, Whitmoyer P, Andridge R, Prakash RS. Trait mindfulness and emotion regulation responsiveness to negative affect in daily life. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:2796-2811. [PMID: 38500843 PMCID: PMC10948115 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Recent conceptualizations of adaptive emotion regulation is predicated on the ability to flexibly use emotion regulation strategies to meet changing contextual demands. Although trait mindfulness has been linked to enhanced emotional well-being and use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies, there is a dearth of literature examining associations between trait mindfulness and emotion regulation flexibility. Further, despite a rich literature suggesting that emotion regulation processes change with age, no study to date has assessed whether the role of trait mindfulness on emotion regulation responsiveness to negative emotions-a component of emotion regulation flexibility-differs between young and older adults. Methods The current study recruited 130 young adults and 130 older adults to assess trait mindfulness, emotion regulation strategy use, and emotion regulation responsiveness of six distinct strategies in daily life. Results Across the full sample, trait mindfulness was related to reduced distraction (β = -0.11, t(238.09) = -3.02, p = .003) and expressive suppression (β = -0.15, t(237.70) = -4.62, p < .001) strategy use. Age moderation analyses revealed that trait mindfulness was associated with reduced expressive suppression responsiveness (β = 0.12, t(247) = 2.31, p = .022) in young adults and increased detached reappraisal responsiveness among older adults (β = 0.15, t(247) = -2.95, p = .003). Conclusions The current findings highlight the importance of understanding how trait mindfulness is associated with strategy use and responsiveness to negative affect changes in daily life as well as how these patterns may shift across the lifespan. Manuscript Pre-registration Open Science Framework, registration number: z5g8v.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruchika S. Prakash
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University
- Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging, The Ohio State University
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13
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Fonia D, Aisenberg D. The Effects of Mindfulness Interventions on Fibromyalgia in Adults aged 65 and Older: A Window to Effective Therapy. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022:10.1007/s10880-022-09911-7. [PMID: 36163446 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-022-09911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pain usually receives insufficient attention by individuals due to the misconception that pain is a natural consequence of aging. For persons aged 65 and older, a disease requiring further research is fibromyalgia, characterized by chronic pain without clear pathology. Mind-body therapies like mindfulness are beneficial for this population as they affect psychological and biological aspects of pain. These therapies emphasize a nonjudgmental acceptance of thoughts and attention to the experience without attempting to resist or change them. Despite the potential benefits of mindfulness interventions for persons with fibromyalgia aged 65 and older, only few studies have examined the effects of these therapies, yielding conflicting findings. Importantly, no study has yet to be conducted exclusively on this population. This comprehensive review examined existing literature focusing on the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on the physical and mental well-being of persons with fibromyalgia aged 65 and older. It highlights the need for further research on the relationship between mindfulness, fibromyalgia, and gerontology, calling for a standard protocol of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvir Fonia
- Clinical Psychology of Adulthood and Aging, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
| | - Daniela Aisenberg
- Clinical Psychology of Adulthood and Aging, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
- The Dror (Imri) Aloni Center for Health Informatics, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
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14
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Personalized exploration of mindfulness-based intervention on antenatal depression: Moderated mediation analyses of a randomized controlled trial. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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McCluskey DL, Haliwa I, Wilson JM, Keeley JW, Shook NJ. Experiential avoidance mediates the relation between mindfulness and anxiety. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Jankowski T, Bąk W, Miciuk Ł. Adaptive self-concept as a predictor of dispositional mindfulness. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Gründahl M, Weiß M, Maier L, Hewig J, Deckert J, Hein G. Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Loneliness and Isolation During Social Distancing and Its Effect on Mental Health. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:798596. [PMID: 35449561 PMCID: PMC9017747 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.798596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of factors contribute to the degree to which a person feels lonely and socially isolated. These factors may be particularly relevant in contexts requiring social distancing, e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic or in states of immunodeficiency. We present the Loneliness and Isolation during Social Distancing (LISD) Scale. Extending existing measures, the LISD scale measures both state and trait aspects of loneliness and isolation, including indicators of social connectedness and support. In addition, it reliably predicts individual differences in anxiety and depression. Data were collected online from two independent samples in a social distancing context (the COVID-19 pandemic). Factorial validation was based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA; Sample 1, N = 244) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; Sample 2, N = 304). Multiple regression analyses were used to assess how the LISD scale predicts state anxiety and depression. The LISD scale showed satisfactory fit in both samples. Its two state factors indicate being lonely and isolated as well as connected and supported, while its three trait factors reflect general loneliness and isolation, sociability and sense of belonging, and social closeness and support. Our results imply strong predictive power of the LISD scale for state anxiety and depression, explaining 33 and 51% of variance, respectively. Anxiety and depression scores were particularly predicted by low dispositional sociability and sense of belonging and by currently being more lonely and isolated. In turn, being lonely and isolated was related to being less connected and supported (state) as well as having lower social closeness and support in general (trait). We provide a novel scale which distinguishes between acute and general dimensions of loneliness and social isolation while also predicting mental health. The LISD scale could be a valuable and economic addition to the assessment of mental health factors impacted by social distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Gründahl
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Weiß
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Maier
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hewig
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Psychology I: Differential Psychology, Personality Psychology and Psychological Diagnostics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Grit Hein
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Yin Q, Wang Y, Yang P, Hu C, Xu G, Wang D, Li X, He J, Hu Q, Luo X, Ren H. Psychological Responses of the Patients in Cabin Hospital to the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Comparative Epidemiologic Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:641167. [PMID: 34322052 PMCID: PMC8312570 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The building of cabin hospitals in Wuhan has been proven to be clinically successful in curing mild-symptom COVID-19 patients shortly after the outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019. At the same time, the psychological effect of patients being treated in cabin hospitals and the features of the psychological status of the whole society remained ambiguous. This study adopted a self-administrated questionnaire to investigate the stress, depression, and anxiety status of patients in cabin hospitals (n = 212) and healthy participants outside of Hubei province (n = 221) in a population level from February 29 to March 01, 2020. The research measured participants' stress response, depression level, and anxiety level as well as their social support system and their resilience level. Results indicated that in this sudden outbreak of an unknown pandemic, all people (whether or not infected) showed a generally high level of stress, depression, and anxiety, regardless of age, gender, education level, and employment. It also showed that people with a lower level of psychological resilience and social support reported more severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, the research also found a positive effect of cabin hospitals on the psychological recovery of COVID-19 patients. Stress response of patients increased after entering into cabin hospitals, while after 3-4 weeks' treatment, patients showed a decrease in their depression and anxiety levels. This research advances the understanding of COVID-19 and gives suggestions to optimize the design and the allocation of resources in cabin hospitals and better deal with the unknown pandemics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyue Zhang
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qin Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yincheng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guogang Xu
- The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Daoweng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianzhi Li
- Department of Automation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jibo He
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyong Hu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Honggang Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Empirical research on the processes through which mindfulness affects well-being is in its infancy. Furthermore, few studies have considered the positive effects of mindfulness on psychological functioning from a lifespan perspective. The present study aimed to examine the role of age in moderating associations of mindfulness components with well-being in the context of a proposed model of mindfulness. METHODS A community-based sample of 623 participants aged between 18 and 86 years (M = 48.78, SD = 16.74) was recruited via an internet-based research platform. Participants completed questionnaire measures of mindful characteristics (i.e. present-moment attention, nonjudgment, interoception, acceptance, nonattachment, and decentering), flexible goal adjustment, and well-being. RESULTS Parallel mediation analyses showed that both present-moment attention and nonjudgment provided significant pathways to (a) flexible goal adjustment through nonattachment and decentering; and (b) well-being through acceptance, nonattachment, and decentering. Furthermore, present-moment attention, nonjudgment, acceptance, nonattachment, and decentering were all positively associated with age. Conditional process analyses revealed that the direct relationships between (1) present-moment attention and well-being, (2) nonjudgment and well-being, and (3) decentering and flexible goal adjustment became stronger with age and were significant for adults from around 40 years of age and older. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the tendency to focus on the present-moment and adopt a nonjudgmental orientation may become especially important for well-being with advancing age, and the ability to appreciate the transitory nature of personal experiences may be particularly important for flexible employment of both goal disengagement and reengagement strategies across the second half of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeann Mahlo
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tim D Windsor
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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20
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Brooks JR, Lebeaut A, Zegel M, Walker RL, Vujanovic AA. Anxiety sensitivity and suicide risk: Mindfulness as a psychological buffer for Black adults. J Affect Disord 2021; 289:74-80. [PMID: 33945917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety sensitivity (AS), defined as the fear of anxiety-related sensations, is associated with increased risk for suicide and related behavior. However, investigations of AS have centered on primarily non-Hispanic White men and women and with limited attention to clinically relevant underlying factors. METHODS The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine the indirect effect of AS on suicide ideation and elevated suicide risk through mindfulness in a sample of 307 Black adults (79.2% female; Mage = 22.4, SD = 5.6). Participants completed an online questionnaire battery that included measures of AS, mindfulness, suicide ideation, and elevated suicide risk. RESULTS After controlling for age and gender, results indicated that AS was directly and indirectly associated with suicide ideation and elevated suicide risk via lower levels of mindfulness. LIMITATIONS Limitations include using a cross-sectional methodological design and exclusive reliance on self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary insight into novel risk and protective factors that influence suicide ideation and elevated suicide risk among Black Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin R Brooks
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Antoine Lebeaut
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Maya Zegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Rheeda L Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX
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21
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Anxiety Disorders in Late Life: Considerations for Assessment and Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Avcı O, İriağaç Y, Çavdar E, Şeber ES. Mindfulness Among Medical Oncology Doctors and Its Relation With Burnout: Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) Study. JCO Oncol Pract 2021; 17:e917-e924. [PMID: 33835862 DOI: 10.1200/op.20.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Medical oncology physicians have been identified as one of the main risk groups for the development of burnout. Mindfulness as being aware of the moment nonjudgmentally seems to be a protective factor against burnout. We aimed to reveal mindfulness levels among medical oncology doctors and the potential impact of mindfulness on burnout syndrome. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the data of 285 medical oncology doctors were analyzed. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale was used for mindfulness evaluation, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory was used for burnout assessment. After defining mindfulness levels among medical oncology doctors, the relationship between mindfulness and burnout was analyzed by the Pearson correlation and bivariate logistic regression tests. RESULTS The mean Mindful Attention Awareness Scale score of participants was 54.52 ± 13.77. Mindfulness was associated with age (P < .001), having a hobby (P = .008), regular exercise (P = .001), professional title (P = .02), and professional experience (P = .02). As the level of mindfulness increased, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization decreased, whereas personal accomplishment increased significantly (all P < .001). In the regression analysis, mindfulness was significantly associated with all three subscales of burnout (all P < .01). CONCLUSION We have demonstrated for the first time on such a large scale that higher levels of mindfulness were related with lower burnout among medical oncology physicians. These findings suggest the potential benefits of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing burnout levels in medical oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Avcı
- Department of Medical Oncology, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Yakup İriağaç
- Department of Medical Oncology, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Eyyüp Çavdar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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23
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Exploring facets of the mindful personality: Dispositional mindfulness and the Big Five. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills in Greek Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1339:227-238. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78787-5_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Rotărescu VS, Matei DB, Mircea IA, Mirescu AM, Nedelescu BG, Nedelea DG, Raluca Neagu AN, Necşulescu AG, Oteşanu GA, Tudor LC. How anxious did you feel during lockdown? The roles resilience, living environment, and gender play on the level of anxiety state during pandemic isolation. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY (MILANO) 2020; 23:496. [PMID: 33585301 PMCID: PMC7875071 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2020.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the unique context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, researchers and clinicians alike drew attention to the risks involved by physical and social isolation for mental health. Factors like resilience, gender, urban/rural environment, or preexisting anxiety can impact anxious states produced by home forced isolation. Based on these, we assumed that: i) there are significant differences in the level of anxiety (state) during the pandemic, depending on the living area of the subjects; ii) gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between resilience and anxiety; and iii) anxiety (trait), experiential avoidance, resilience, and family connectedness, determine the level of anxiety (state). The MemoryLab team conducted the present study on 495 subjects (n=411 women, age between 18 and 65). Of these, 350 live in large and medium urban areas, 63 in small urban areas, and 82 in rural areas. As instruments, we used The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI 2.0), The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire 2 (AAQ-2), The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), The Family Connectedness Questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 (CD-RISC-10), as well as the standard division of living areas according to community size. Data collection took place online during the spring peak of the pandemic. According to ANOVA analysis, people living in small urban areas have a higher level of anxiety. The difference is significant compared to those living in large and medium cities and villages. Gender has no moderating role in the relationship between resilience and the anxiety state. Also, experiential avoidance, anxiety (trait), and resilience play a significant role on the level of anxiety (state), measured during social isolation. The results could be an important indicator for understanding psychological mechanisms guiding interventions to support the communities effectively.
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26
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Elhai JD, McKay D, Yang H, Minaya C, Montag C, Asmundson GJG. Health anxiety related to problematic smartphone use and gaming disorder severity during COVID-19: Fear of missing out as a mediator. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 3:137-146. [PMID: 33363275 PMCID: PMC7753448 DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Health anxiety has been linked with fear and anxiety regarding COVID-19. Higher levels of health anxiety likely increased social distancing and self-isolating during the pandemic. We investigated relations among health anxiety, fear of missing out (FOMO) on rewarding social experiences from social distancing, and consequential levels of problematic smartphone use (PSU) and gaming disorder (GD). We surveyed a broad sample of 812 U.S. and Canadian participants during the pandemic, in late-May 2020, using the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, FOMO Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and GD test. Significant bivariate relationships were found among health anxiety, FOMO, PSU, and GD severity. Using structural equation modeling, FOMO mediated relations between health anxiety and both PSU and GD severity. We discuss FOMO as an important variable explaining problematic digital technology use to compensate for unmet social needs from social distancing. We discuss these findings within the context of the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution theoretical model of problematic internet use. Results offer novel insight into the role of health anxiety on FOMO from unmet social needs during the COVID-19 pandemic, and consequential problematic internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Elhai
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior Tianjin Normal University Tianjin China.,Department of Psychology University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA.,Department of Psychiatry University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | - Dean McKay
- Department of Psychology Fordham University New York New York USA
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior Tianjin Normal University Tianjin China
| | - Charlene Minaya
- Department of Psychology Fordham University New York New York USA
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University Ulm Germany.,neuSCAN Laboratory, Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Gordon J G Asmundson
- Anxiety and illness Behaviors Laboratory, Department of Psychology University of Regina Regina Saskatchewan Canada
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27
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Media exposure to COVID-19 information, risk perception, social and geographical proximity, and self-rated anxiety in China. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1649. [PMID: 33148201 PMCID: PMC7609828 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that spreads around the world. The lack of effective antiviral drugs and vaccines, along with the relatively high mortality rate and high contagiousness, has raised strong public concerns over COVID-19, especially for people living in the most severely affected areas. This study aimed to clarify the influencing factors for the anxiety level among the Chinese people during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on the media exposure to different COVID-19 information. Methods A total of 4991 respondents were randomly recruited from a national online panel from February 12th, 2020 to February 14th, 2020, a period when the number of COVID-19 cases surpassed 10,000 in a single day, with the total cases in China reaching up to 90,000. The relationships between media exposure of COVID-19 information, social and geographical proximity to COVID-19, risk perceptions were assessed using hierarchical ordinary least squares regression analysis. Results The media exposure to COVID-19 information was differently associated with anxiety. Meanwhile, the anxiety level was found to be high in respondents who personally knew someone infected with COVID-19 or those who living in an area with reported cases. Respondents who perceived more risks also reported a higher level of anxiety. Conclusions This study highlights the role of media exposure in affecting individuals’ anxiety level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, it is recommended that government and health professionals are recommended to adopt effective risk communication strategies to protect citizens’ mental health during the pandemic.
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Ugwu DI, Onyedibe MCC, Chukwuorji JC. Anxiety sensitivity and psychological distress among hypertensive patients: the mediating role of experiential avoidance. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 26:701-710. [PMID: 32397750 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1764599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is often associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes and psychological factors have been advanced for better explanatory models and to enhance the development of effective interventions in the treatment of hypertensive patients. Although the link between anxiety sensitivity (AS) and poor mental health outcomes has been established, the mechanism through which it results in psychological distress (PD) is not yet well understood. In addition to investigating the direct associations of AS and experiential avoidance (EA) to PD, the present study examines whether AS predicts adverse mental health outcomes via EA. Hypertensive patients (N = 240; women = 135; Mean age = 41.09, SD = 9.11 years) drawn from cardiology unit of a Nigerian teaching hospital completed the following measures: Psychological Distress Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index - 3, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Results showed that that greater AS and greater EA predicted increased PD, even when controlling for age and gender. The mediation hypothesis was further supported suggesting that the association between AS with increase in PD was a function of heightened EA. These findings are consistent with the notion that acceptance of daily experiences may serve to buffer against the potential adverse mental health outcomes and may be a critical target for interventions to ameliorate PD in patients with chronic health conditions such as hypertension. Psychological interventions that deals with experiential avoidance could be used in the management of distressed hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy I Ugwu
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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29
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Risk factors for post–intensive care syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust Crit Care 2020; 33:287-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
After obtaining a sample of published, peer-reviewed articles from journals with high and low impact factors in social, cognitive, neuro-, developmental, and clinical psychology, we used a priori equations recently derived by Trafimow (Educational and Psychological Measurement, 77, 831-854, 2017; Trafimow & MacDonald in Educational and Psychological Measurement, 77, 204-219, 2017) to compute the articles' median levels of precision. Our findings indicate that developmental research performs best with respect to precision, whereas cognitive research performs the worst; however, none of the psychology subfields excelled. In addition, we found important differences in precision between journals in the upper versus lower echelons with respect to impact factors in cognitive, neuro-, and clinical psychology, whereas the difference was dramatically attenuated for social and developmental psychology. Implications are discussed.
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Examining the impact of mindfulness and self-compassion on the relationship between mental health and resiliency. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2020.100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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32
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How is personality related to well-being in older and younger adults? The role of psychological flexibility. Int Psychogeriatr 2019; 31:1355-1365. [PMID: 30547852 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610218001904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personality is known to be a reliable predictor of well-being. However, it is rather difficult to influence the personality of individuals in order to improve their well-being. Therefore, it is important to examine possible underlying mechanisms or indirect effects. Consequently, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether psychological flexibility is a mechanism explaining the relationship between personality and well-being. Given the evidence that age-related differences exist in personality, flexibility, and well-being, we also investigated whether our indirect effects model differed in both older and younger adults. DESIGN We used a cross-sectional design. SETTING Participants were asked to fill in questionnaires at home. PARTICIPANTS We recruited 138 younger (25-50 years) and 120 older (65+) adults from a community-dwelling population. MEASUREMENTS Self-report questionnaires were used to assess (mal)adaptive personality traits (Big Five), psychological flexibility, and affective and general subjective well-being. RESULTS Similar indirect effects were found in older and younger adults: Psychological flexibility is a mechanism explaining the link between personality and well-being. In nearly half of the models, psychological flexibility even fully accounted for the effect of personality on well-being. CONCLUSION These results have important implications for clinical practice, since psychological flexibility, contrary to personality traits, is malleable. Interventions to increase psychological flexibility already exist and are validated in both older and younger samples. They may hold promise to improve well-being.
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Pierson MM, Roche AI, Denburg NL. Mindfulness, Experiential Avoidance, and Affective Experience in Older Adults. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2019; 14:32-36. [PMID: 32832378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Subjective well-being is comprised of two components: affective experience and life satisfaction. Older adulthood is marked by changes and challenges that have the potential to diminish well-being. As the proportion of older adults in the population rises, it is becoming increasingly important to identify factors that may be protective against these potentially detrimental events. Mindfulness and acceptance constructs have been shown to be associated with affective experience across the lifespan. However, little work has examined which facets of mindfulness drive these associations. The current study aimed to explore the associations between acceptance and mindfulness processes and positive and negative affect in older adults. Eighty-five healthy older adults completed self-report measures of mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and positive and negative affect. Results from linear regression analyses indicated that the act with awareness and nonreactivity facets of mindfulness were particularly important in their contribution to positive affect. Additionally, higher levels of experiential avoidance accounted for significant variance in negative affect. These findings help to elucidate how mindfulness and acceptance processes play a role in affective experience in older adults. Future studies should explore these facets in clinical populations to help create more targeted clinical goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenna M Pierson
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
| | - Anne I Roche
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa
| | - Natalie L Denburg
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
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Stewart KL, Farris SG, Jackson KM, Borsari B, Metrik J. Cannabis Use and Anxiety Sensitivity in Relation to Physical Health and Functioning in post-9/11 Veterans. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2019; 43:45-54. [PMID: 33583981 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-018-9950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Frequency of cannabis use and cognitive vulnerabilities such as anxiety sensitivity (i.e., the fear of bodily sensations), have been independently linked with poor physical health, however the interplay between these health-mental health processes may compound poor physical health and functioning in cannabis users. Thus, the current study evaluated the direct and interactive effects of cannabis use frequency and anxiety sensitivity on physical health and functioning among cannabis-using veterans. Participants (N = 138) were post-9/11 United States veterans recruited from a Veterans Affairs hospital who reported cannabis use in the past six months. Cannabis use frequency in the past month and anxiety sensitivity were significantly negatively correlated with perceived overall physical health. There was a significant interaction between cannabis use frequency and anxiety sensitivity, such that more frequent cannabis use was associated with poorer overall health and role functioning due to health problems among veterans with higher anxiety sensitivity (but not lower). Findings suggest that anxiety sensitivity is a cognitive vulnerability linked to poor perceived physical health and impairment among frequent cannabis users and could be targeted, along with cannabis use, for health-promotion in cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Stewart
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Samantha G Farris
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI.,The Miriam Hospital, Centers for Behavioral and Preventative Medicine, Providence, RI 02903 USA.,Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Kristina M Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Brian Borsari
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
| | - Jane Metrik
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Shook NJ, Delaney RK, Strough J, Wilson JM, Sevi B, Altman N. Playing it safe: Dispositional mindfulness partially accounts for age differences in health and safety risk-taking propensity. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-0137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Khakpoor S, Saed O, Shahsavar A. The concept of “Anxiety sensitivity” in social anxiety disorder presentations, symptomatology, and treatment: A theoretical perspective. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2019.1617658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Khakpoor
- Master of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Omid Saed
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Azim Shahsavar
- Psychiatrist, Shepherd Pratt Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Boekel W, Hsieh S. Cross-sectional white matter microstructure differences in age and trait mindfulness. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205718. [PMID: 30321218 PMCID: PMC6188777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of aging can be characterized by a decline in cognitive performance, which may be accompanied by deterioration in specific structural properties of the brain. In this study we sought to investigate to what extent mindfulness changes over the aging process, and which alterations in brain structure can be associated to aging and concomitant changes in mindfulness. We collected Mindful Attention Awareness Scale questionnaire data to assess trait mindfulness and acquired diffusion-weighted imaging data fitted to the diffusion tensor model (DTI) in a group of 97 middle-aged to elderly participants. Our results showed that trait mindfulness increased with age. In terms of white matter structure our results suggested that there was a general increase of omnidirectional diffusion, which favored radial over axial diffusivity, leading to a decrease in fractional anisotropy (FA) in older participants. We further showed that trait mindfulness mediated the FA-age effect in a localized area consisting of the internal and external capsule, as well as the corona radiata. The implication of this mediation analysis is that trait mindfulness may deter age-associated neurocognitive decline, perhaps by preventing age-associated microlesions specifically in cortico-subcortical white matter tracts. This study can be considered a pioneer of using DTI studies to investigate the relationship between age and trait mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Boekel
- Control-Aging-Sleep-Emotion (CASE) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, College of Scoial Sciences, National Cheng Kung university, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shulan Hsieh
- Control-Aging-Sleep-Emotion (CASE) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, College of Scoial Sciences, National Cheng Kung university, Tainan, Taiwan
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Deraney J, Davis M, Evers HB, German K, Hamill JC, Karas-Irwin BS, Mazzer MC, Shaw RE. Drumming Effect on Anxiety. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2017; 31:528-529. [PMID: 28927519 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meryl Davis
- The Valley Hospital in Ridgewood, NJ, United States
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Isumi A, Fujiwara T. Synergistic Effects of Unintended Pregnancy and Young Motherhood on Shaking and Smothering of Infants among Caregivers in Nagoya City, Japan. Front Public Health 2017; 5:245. [PMID: 29018790 PMCID: PMC5614918 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shaking and smothering in response to infant crying are forms of child abuse that often result in death. Unintended pregnancy and young motherhood are risk factors of such child maltreatment that are often comorbid, few studies have examined their synergistic effect on shaking and smothering of infants. We examined the synergistic effects of unintended pregnancy and young motherhood on shaking and smothering among caregivers of infants in Japan. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, a questionnaire was administered to caregivers enrolled for a health check for 3- to 4-month-old infants between October 2013 and February 2014 in Nagoya City, Japan. The questionnaire data were linked to those from pregnancy notification forms registered at municipalities and included information on women's age and feelings about their pregnancy (N = 4,159). Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis in 2016. RESULTS Shaking and smothering of 3- to 4-month-old infants occurred at least once in the past month in 2.0 and 1.5% of cases, respectively. Of all participants, 24.8% reported unintended pregnancy while 7.3% were younger than 25 years old. Infants of young mothers (under 25 years old) with unintended pregnancy were 2.77 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-6.68] and 5.61 (95% CI: 2.40-13.1) times more likely to be shaken and smothered, respectively, than those of older mothers with intended pregnancy. In addition, the odds ratio of young mothers with unintended pregnancy regarding smothering was significantly higher than that of older mothers with unintended pregnancy (odds ratio: 2.12; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a synergistic effect of unintended pregnancy and young motherhood on smothering. Infants of young mothers with unintended pregnancy are at greater risk of abuse, especially smothering. Prevention strategies are required for young women with unintended pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Interest in the influence of dispositional mindfulness (DM) on psychological health has been gathering pace over recent years. Despite this, a systematic review of this topic has not been conducted. A systematic review can benefit the field by identifying the terminology and measures used by researchers and by highlighting methodological weaknesses and empirical gaps. We systematically reviewed non-interventional, quantitative papers on DM and psychological health in non-clinical samples published in English up to June 2016, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, PubMED, Medline and Embase, and 93 papers met the inclusion criteria. Within these, three main themes emerged, depicting the relationship between DM and psychological health: (1) DM appears to be inversely related to psychopathological symptoms such as depressive symptoms, (2) DM is positively linked to adaptive cognitive processes such as less rumination and pain catastrophizing and (3) DM appears to be associated with better emotional processing and regulation. These themes informed the creation of a taxonomy. We conclude that research has consistently shown a positive relationship between DM and psychological health. Suggestions for future research and conceptual and methodological limitations within the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve R. Tomlinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, 10W 3.51, Bath, UK
| | - Omar Yousaf
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, 10W 3.51, Bath, UK
| | - Axel D. Vittersø
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, 10W 3.51, Bath, UK
| | - Lauraine Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, 10W 3.51, Bath, UK
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Laurie K, Hyde MK, Lepore SJ, Chambers SK. Validation of the factor structure of the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire in men diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer. Psychooncology 2017; 27:1061-1064. [PMID: 28612404 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstyn Laurie
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa K Hyde
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Lepore
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suzanne K Chambers
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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The Role of Mindfulness in Reducing the Adverse Effects of Childhood Stress and Trauma. CHILDREN-BASEL 2017; 4:children4030016. [PMID: 28264496 PMCID: PMC5368427 DOI: 10.3390/children4030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that many children are exposed to adverse experiences in childhood. Such adverse childhood exposures may result in stress and trauma, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality into adulthood. In general populations and trauma-exposed adults, mindfulness interventions have demonstrated reduced depression and anxiety, reduced trauma-related symptoms, enhanced coping and mood, and improved quality of life. Studies in children and youth also demonstrate that mindfulness interventions improve mental, behavioral, and physical outcomes. Taken together, this research suggests that high-quality, structured mindfulness instruction may mitigate the negative effects of stress and trauma related to adverse childhood exposures, improving short- and long-term outcomes, and potentially reducing poor health outcomes in adulthood. Future work is needed to optimize implementation of youth-based mindfulness programs and to study long-term outcomes into adulthood.
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