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Colillas-Malet E, Bosque-Prous M, Esquius L, González-Casals H, Lafon-Guasch A, Fortes-Muñoz P, Espelt A, Aguilar-Martínez A. Relationship between Diet Quality and Socioeconomic and Health-Related Factors in Adolescents by Gender. Nutrients 2023; 16:139. [PMID: 38201968 PMCID: PMC10780370 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a key period for consolidating heathy lifestyles and proper eating habits that can last into adulthood. To analyze the diet quality of Spanish adolescents and its association with socioeconomic factors and health behaviors by gender, a cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the DESKcohort project, consisting of a biannual panel survey on health, health behaviors, and associated determinants, collected in secondary education centers. The study population consisted of 7319 students aged 12 to 18 years. Data were collected from October 2019 to March 2020. The dependent variable was diet quality score according to the Spanish adaptation of the Healthy Eating Index (S-HEI). The independent variables included were socioeconomic factors and health behaviors. We conducted linear regression separately by gender. Diet quality score was significantly higher for girls than for boys (68 and 65, respectively, p < 0.001). For both genders, poorer diet quality was associated with a low level of physical activity [-0.9 (95% CI = -1.6:-0.2) in boys, -1.2 (95% CI = -1.9:-0.4) in girls], alcohol use [-2.5 (95% CI = -3.7:-1.3) in boys, -1.0 (95% CI = -1.9:0.0) in girls], poor self-perceived health [-1.1 (95% CI = -2.4:0.2) in boys, -3.5 (95% CI = -4.6:-2.4) in girls], and having attended Intermediate Level Training Cycles [-2.9 (95% CI = -4.3:-1.5) in boys, -1.9 (95% CI = -3.5:-0.3) in girls]. In girls, poorer diet quality also was associated with low mood [-1.1 (95% CI = -1.9:-0.3)]. The variance was 9% in boys and 12% in girls. Our results highlight the need to consider socioeconomic and health-related factors, as well as gender, when conducting interventions to promote healthy eating among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Colillas-Malet
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (H.G.-C.); (A.L.-G.); (A.E.)
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (P.F.-M.)
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), C/de Ca n’Altayó s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Esquius
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Helena González-Casals
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (H.G.-C.); (A.L.-G.); (A.E.)
- Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les ITS i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Aina Lafon-Guasch
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (H.G.-C.); (A.L.-G.); (A.E.)
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Paula Fortes-Muñoz
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Albert Espelt
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (H.G.-C.); (A.L.-G.); (A.E.)
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), C/de Ca n’Altayó s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3 Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Aguilar-Martínez
- Foodlab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain;
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Depboylu GY, Kaner G. Younger age, higher father education level, and healthy lifestyle behaviors are associated with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in school-aged children. Nutrition 2023; 114:112166. [PMID: 37597470 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MDiet) in school-aged children in Turkey and explore the associated factors with high adherence to the MDiet. METHOD This cross-sectional was conducted with 2693 school-aged children. Sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle data were collected using a questionnaire. Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) was used to evaluate adherence to the MDiet. Body weight, height, neck, waist, and hip circumference were measured. Dietary intake was assessed with a 24-h food consumption record. RESULTS Of the 2693 children, 29.5% had high, 53.9% had moderate, and 16.6% had low adherence to the MDiet. Primary school children had significantly higher adherence to the diet than secondary school children. Adherence to the MDiet was higher in children whose fathers were university graduates. There were no significant differences in sex, body mass index (BMI), or anthropometric measurements according to MDiet adherence. The high adherence group had a significantly higher intake of protein, fiber, vitamins C, B1, B6, B2, folate, polyunsaturated fatty acids, zinc, potassium, and calcium, but lower carbohydrate intake compared with the low/moderate adherence group. Higher adherence to the MDiet was associated with adequate sleep duration (≥9 to <12 h) (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-2.78), whereas poor/moderate adherence was associated with age (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87) and screen time (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.40-0.63). Children who reported engaging in regular physical activity were more likely to have higher MDiet adherence (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16-1.85). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that >50% of the children presented moderate MDiet adherence. Younger age, adequate sleep duration, engaging in regular physical activity, less screen time, and higher education level of fathers were associated with higher adherence to the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Yurtdaş Depboylu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Gülşah Kaner
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
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CÂNDIDO ACDO, NEVES FS, FARIA ERD, NETTO MP, OLIVEIRA RMS, CÂNDIDO APC. Factors associated with non-frequent breakfast consumption in adolescents (EVA-JF Study). REV NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865202235e210166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the association of infrequent breakfast consumption with socioeconomic, behavioral, and individual factors in a sample of Brazilian adolescents from public schools. Methods Cross-sectional study with adolescents aged from 14 to 19 from public schools in Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais. The frequency of consumption of breakfast, snacks, soft drinks, industrialized drinks, the usual food consumption, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference were evaluated. Other socioeconomic, behavioral, and individual data were obtained through questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis and hierarchical selection of variables were used to verify the associated factors. Results The sample consisted of 805 adolescents; 53.4% reported infrequent breakfast consumption. Through hierarchical logistic regression analysis, it was evidenced that the house occupancy status (OR: 0.618; 95%CI: 0.4410.865; p=0.005) was the distal factor associated with infrequent breakfast consumption; the intermediate factors were the consumption of industrialized beverages (OR: 0.658; 95%CI: 0.486-0.890; p=0.007) and percentage of energy from processed foods (OR: 0.935; 95%CI: 0.907-0.964; p<0.001); and the proximal factors were the male gender (OR: 0.696; 95%CI: 0.520-0.932; p=0.0015) and being nonwhite (OR: 1.529; 95%CI: 1.131-2.069; p=0.006). Conclusion Male adolescents who lived in owned houses, with occasional consumption of industrialized beverages and a higher percentage of energy derived from processed foods, had lower chances of infrequent breakfast consumption, while non-white adolescents had higher chances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Silva NEVES
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil; Ministério da Saúde, Brasil
| | | | - Michele Pereira NETTO
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil
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Stea TH, Holvik K, Bryntesen CS, Myhre JB. Changes in food habits amongst Norwegian adolescents in 2016 and 2019 according to gender and socioeconomic status. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:6262. [PMID: 35140558 PMCID: PMC8788659 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monitoring dietary habits is important in order to identify risk groups and as a basis for targeted public health initiatives. Objective To study trends in consumption of selected foods and beverages from 2016 to 2019 amongst Norwegian adolescents according to gender and parental education. Design Repeated cross-sectional study amongst 25,996 adolescents, aged 14–17 years old. Consumption of selected food and beverages was measured by an online food frequency questionnaire and general linear models were applied to estimate changes in dietary habits. Results Between 2016 and 2019, we observed a reduced frequency of consumption of vegetables (from 4.7 to 4.4 times/week), fruit and berries (from 4.4 to 4.2 times/week), whole-grain bread (from 5.1 to 4.2 times/week), and fish (from 2.3 to 1.6 times/week). During this time period, we also observed a reduced frequency of consumption of salty snacks (from 2.1 to 1.9 times/week), sweets (from 2.3 to 2.0 times/week), sugar-sweetened beverages (from 2.8 to 2.6 times/week), and artificially sweetened beverages (from 2.2 to 1.5 times/week). In girls, there was a decrease in the reported frequency of consumption of fruit and berries (−4%, vs. no change in boys). The decrease in consumption frequency of whole-grain bread was larger in girls than in boys (−19% vs. −14%). Further, a 17% decrease in consumption of sweets was observed amongst adolescents with no or only one parent having college/university education compared to a 13% decrease in adolescents whose both parents had college/university education. Conclusion Our results showed a decrease in frequency of consumption of selected healthy and unhealthy food and beverages amongst adolescents between 2016 and 2019. The gender gap in consumption of fruit and berries and whole-grain bread seemed to decrease during this time period, and the socio-economic gap in consumption of sweets seemed to disappear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje H. Stea
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Child and Adolescence Mental Health, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
- Tonje H. Stea, Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health and Sport, University of Agder, Service Box 422, NO-4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Kristin Holvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Three-Year Intervention Effects on Food and Beverage Intake-Results from the Quasi-Experimental Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study (CoSCIS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910543. [PMID: 34639843 PMCID: PMC8507748 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The diet of Danish children is often not in accordance with dietary guidelines. We aimed to evaluate changes in the intake of selected foods and beverages during a multi-component school-based physical activity intervention, and to investigate if changes were modified by socioeconomic status (SES). The study included 307 children (intervention group: 184; comparison group: 123) with information on dietary intake pre- and post-intervention as well as on SES. Linear regression models were conducted to assess the effect of the intervention on changes in dietary factors. Children from the intervention group increased their intake of whole-grain bread during the intervention (group means: 6.1 g/d (95% CI: 2.2 to 10.0) vs. 0.3 g/d (95% CI: −3.1 to 3.7) in the comparison group, p = 0.04). A significant interaction between SES and group allocation was observed to change in fruit intake (p = 0.01). Among children from low SES families, only those from the comparison group decreased their fruit intake (group means: −40.0 g/d (95% CI: −56.0 to −23.9) vs. 9.3 g/d (95% CI: −16.1 to 94) in the intervention group, p = 0.006). The present study found no convincing effect of introducing a multi-component intervention on dietary intake except a small beneficial effect on whole-grain bread consumption. However, beneficial intervention effects in fruit intake were found particularly among children from low SES families.
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Ali RA, Abdel Razeq NM, Al-Kloub MI, Alzoubi FA. Predictors of breakfast skipping among 14 to 16 years old adolescents in Jordan: The influential role of mothers. Int J Nurs Pract 2019; 25:e12778. [PMID: 31512338 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the prevalence and identify the predictors of breakfast skipping among 14- to 16-year-old adolescents in Jordan, focusing on mother-related variables. BACKGROUND Breakfast is an essential meal across one's entire lifespan and especially important during the adolescent years. The practice of skipping breakfast has become so prevalent among adolescents that it is now a well-documented nutritional problem. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional correlational design. METHODS A proportional cluster stratified sampling protocol was used to select 1896 adolescents and their mothers (1013) during the period of March to June 2016. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on breakfast-skipping rates, the perceived reasons for this behavior, the perceived importance of consuming breakfast, and maternal encouragement of breakfast consumption. RESULTS The prevalence of breakfast skipping was 34.3% among adolescents and 21.5% among their mothers. A significant association was found between breakfast skipping among adolescents and their mothers (χ2 [1, n = 998] = 37.90, P = .001). Maternal encouragement of breakfast consumption, gender, and adolescent perception of the importance of this meal were found to be significant predictors of adolescent breakfast skipping. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the importance of involving mothers in developing nutritional health plans aimed at promoting regular breakfast consumption among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A Ali
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nadin M Abdel Razeq
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Manal I Al-Kloub
- Maternal Child and Family Health Department, Faculty of Nursing, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Fatmeh A Alzoubi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Ramos P, Moreno-Maldonado C, Moreno C, Rivera F. The Role of Body Image in Internalizing Mental Health Problems in Spanish Adolescents: An Analysis According to Sex, Age, and Socioeconomic Status. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1952. [PMID: 31507499 PMCID: PMC6714592 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During adolescence there is a relatively high prevalence of weight problems and eating disorders. Furthermore, body image plays an important role in weight control and eating behaviors as well as in mental health. This study analyses the influence of body mass index, perception of being overweight, and body image satisfaction (BIS) on internalizing symptoms related to mental health in adolescents. In addition, sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), dieting, and physical activity are taken into consideration. This research is based on the international study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). The sample consists of 4531 Spanish adolescents from 13 to 18 years old. Participants were selected through random multi-stage sampling stratified by conglomerates. Two instruments were employed: the HBSC questionnaire and the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, ASEBA). Results demonstrated that BIS –the emotional component related to body image– was the main predictor of adolescent internalizing symptoms. In addition, results show double-inequalities according to the interaction effects of sex, age, and SES. Likewise, interesting results are shown regarding how dieting behaviors to lose or gain weight/volume and physical activity relate to body image perception and satisfaction, as well as with internalizing symptoms. This study highlights important body image aspects relevant to intervention and prevention of internalized mental health problems in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Ramos
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Concepción Moreno-Maldonado
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Rivera
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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