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Codinach-Danés E, Obradors-Rial N, González-Casals H, Bosque-Prous M, Folch C, Colom J, Espelt Hernàndez A. Polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis: Relationship with self-perceived health and mood state in adolescents in Central Catalonia- DESKcohort Project. Adicciones 2024; 36:81-92. [PMID: 36200227 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to estimate the prevalence of polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis and to see its relationship with self-perceived health and mood state in adolescents from Central Catalonia in the 2019-2020 academic year. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 7,319 students, who answered a self-administered questionnaire. The dependent variables were the polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis and polydrug use of tobacco and high-risk cannabis. The main independent variables were self-perceived health status and mood state. Frequencies and percentages were analyzed for the prevalence analysis, and the Chi-square test was used. Poisson regression models were adjusted with robust variance, obtaining Prevalence Ratios. The prevalence of polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis was 3.5% and polydrug use of tobacco and high-risk cannabis was 2.5%. In boys, attending higher academic courses (4th of ESO (aPR: 3.88; 95% CI: 2.14-7.05) vs. CFGM (aPR: 8.67; CI95%: 4.51-16.67), having worse self-perceived health (aPR: 4.79; CI95%: 3.24-7.08) and worse mood state (aPR: 1.47; CI95%: 1.05-2.08) act as factors associated with polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis. The results for girls, and risky use of cannabis follow a similar pattern. Among the main conclusions we observe is that there are no differences in self-perceived health and mood state when comparing polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis and polydrug use of tobacco and high-risk cannabis, so risk reduction strategies must be applied whether the use of cannabis is occasional or problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Codinach-Danés
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Catalan Health Institute, Sant Fruitós de Bages Centre d'Atenció Primària Sant Quirze de Besora, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Quirze de Besora Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol, Sant Fruitós de Bages.
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Colillas-Malet E, Bosque-Prous M, Esquius L, González-Casals H, Lafon-Guasch A, Fortes-Muñoz P, Espelt A, Aguilar-Martínez A. Relationship between Diet Quality and Socioeconomic and Health-Related Factors in Adolescents by Gender. Nutrients 2023; 16:139. [PMID: 38201968 PMCID: PMC10780370 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a key period for consolidating heathy lifestyles and proper eating habits that can last into adulthood. To analyze the diet quality of Spanish adolescents and its association with socioeconomic factors and health behaviors by gender, a cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the DESKcohort project, consisting of a biannual panel survey on health, health behaviors, and associated determinants, collected in secondary education centers. The study population consisted of 7319 students aged 12 to 18 years. Data were collected from October 2019 to March 2020. The dependent variable was diet quality score according to the Spanish adaptation of the Healthy Eating Index (S-HEI). The independent variables included were socioeconomic factors and health behaviors. We conducted linear regression separately by gender. Diet quality score was significantly higher for girls than for boys (68 and 65, respectively, p < 0.001). For both genders, poorer diet quality was associated with a low level of physical activity [-0.9 (95% CI = -1.6:-0.2) in boys, -1.2 (95% CI = -1.9:-0.4) in girls], alcohol use [-2.5 (95% CI = -3.7:-1.3) in boys, -1.0 (95% CI = -1.9:0.0) in girls], poor self-perceived health [-1.1 (95% CI = -2.4:0.2) in boys, -3.5 (95% CI = -4.6:-2.4) in girls], and having attended Intermediate Level Training Cycles [-2.9 (95% CI = -4.3:-1.5) in boys, -1.9 (95% CI = -3.5:-0.3) in girls]. In girls, poorer diet quality also was associated with low mood [-1.1 (95% CI = -1.9:-0.3)]. The variance was 9% in boys and 12% in girls. Our results highlight the need to consider socioeconomic and health-related factors, as well as gender, when conducting interventions to promote healthy eating among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Colillas-Malet
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (H.G.-C.); (A.L.-G.); (A.E.)
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (P.F.-M.)
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), C/de Ca n’Altayó s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Esquius
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Helena González-Casals
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (H.G.-C.); (A.L.-G.); (A.E.)
- Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les ITS i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Aina Lafon-Guasch
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (H.G.-C.); (A.L.-G.); (A.E.)
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Paula Fortes-Muñoz
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Albert Espelt
- Epi4health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (H.G.-C.); (A.L.-G.); (A.E.)
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), C/de Ca n’Altayó s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3 Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Aguilar-Martínez
- Foodlab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain;
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Teixidó-Compañó E, Sureda X, Bosque-Prous M, Villalbí JR, Puigcorbé S, Colillas-Malet E, Franco M, Espelt A. Understanding how alcohol environment influences youth drinking: A concept mapping study among university students. Adicciones 2023; 35:469-482. [PMID: 36200225 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify the environmental factors that influence alcohol consumption, according to university students, and assess the relative importance and the frequency attributed to each factor. A study using Concept Mapping methodology was performed with a sample of nursing students, who participated in two face-to-face data collection sessions. In session 1, a consensus about the environmental aspects that influence their alcohol consumption was obtained. In session 2, the statements obtained were rated according to their relative importance and frequency in alcohol use (1 = minimum; 5 = maximum). Subsequently, all data were analyzed with the RCMAP of the statistical package R 3.6.1.Approximately 60 students participated in each session. Most were women aged 20 to 24. In session 1, a total of 55 statements were obtained and classified into 7 different clusters: Advertising (9 statements); Family environment (4 statements); Social pressure (12 statements); Responsibilities/norms (4 statements); Holidays and leisure time (7 statements); Emotional situations (8 statements); Accessibility (11 statements). Factors related to social pressure, holidays and leisure time, and alcohol accessibility were considered the most important and frequent in alcohol consumption. In contrast, alcohol advertising was considered the least important (mean 2.6 out of 5) and frequent (mean 2.1 out 5) factor. In conclusion, the factors considered most relevant among nursing students match those having more resources allocated for prevention and health promotion, except for alcohol advertising, which was perceived as less important and frequent compared with the other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Teixidó-Compañó
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa. Universitat de Vic Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC) Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). Barcelona.
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Rogés J, González-Casals H, Bosque-Prous M, Folch C, Colom J, Casabona J, Drou-Roget G, Teixidó-Compañó E, Fernández E, Vives-Cases C, Espelt A. Monitoring health and health behaviors among adolescents in Central Catalonia: DESKcohort protocol. Gac Sanit 2023; 37:102316. [PMID: 37413897 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the prospective cohort study (the DESKcohort project) is to describe and monitor health, health behaviors, and their related factors among 12 and 19-year-old adolescents schooled at centers of Compulsory Secondary Education or post-compulsory secondary education in Central Catalonia, considering social determinants of health. The DESKcohort survey is administered biannually between the months of October and June, and the project has been running for three years. We have interviewed 7319 and 9265 adolescents in the academic years 2019/20 and 2021/22, respectively. They responded a questionnaire created by a committee of experts, that included the following variables: sociodemographic factors, physical and mental health, food, physical activity, leisure and mobility, substance use, interpersonal relationships, sexuality, screen use and digital entertainment, and gambling. The results are presented to educational centers, county councils, municipalities, and health and third sector entities to plan, implement, and evaluate prevention and health promotion actions that address the identified needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Rogés
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena González-Casals
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Facultat de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain; Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Joan Colom
- Subdirecció General d'Addiccions, VIH, Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Hepatitis Víriques, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Gemma Drou-Roget
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Universitat d'Alacant, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alacant), Spain
| | - Ester Teixidó-Compañó
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Programme (EPIBELL), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Universitat d'Alacant, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alacant), Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain; Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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Gonzalez-Casals H, Vives J, Bosque-Prous M, Folch C, Drou-Roget G, Muntaner C, Vives-Cases C, Barbaglia MG, Colom J, Espelt A. Gender inequalities in the prevalence of low mood and related factors in schooled adolescents during the 2019-2020 school year: DESKcohort project. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:305-312. [PMID: 37084966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood disorders are the second most prevalent mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Many undiagnosed people manifest subthreshold symptoms, like low mood, and present worse prognoses than asymptomatic healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of low mood, gender inequalities, and associated factors, in 12- to 18-year-old adolescents in the rural and medium-sized urban areas of Central Catalonia during the 2019-2020 academic year. METHODS Cross-sectional study with data from a cohort of high-schooled students (2019-2020), with a convenience sample of 6428 adolescents from the Central region of Catalonia (48.3 % boys and 51.7 % girls). Prevalence of low mood was estimated by gender and exposure variables, and ratios were obtained using Poisson regression models, adjusting for several exposure variables one by one, and for all of them jointly. RESULTS The prevalence of low mood was 18.6 %, with statistically significant differences between genders (11.6 %, 95 % CI: 10.5-12.8 in boys and 25.1 %, 95 % CI: 23.7-26.6 in girls). Being an immigrant, dieting, and daily tobacco smoking were only associated with low mood in girls, whereas risky alcohol consumption was only associated in boys. Sexual violence was found to account for 36.2 % of low mood problems in girls. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of the study is its cross-sectional design, which means that no casual relationships can be extracted of this study. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of low mood varies between the sexes, highlighting the importance of developing gender-specific interventions to reduce its incidence in young people, considering the factors associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gonzalez-Casals
- Department of Epidemiology and Methodology of Social and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària, 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain
| | - Jaume Vives
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), C/de Ca n'Altayó, s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), C/de Ca n'Altayó, s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, Carretera de Canyet, s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Drou-Roget
- Department of Epidemiology and Methodology of Social and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària, 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain
| | - Carles Muntaner
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M6H 1B7, Canada
| | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Science History, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. De San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gabriela Barbaglia
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. de Lesseps, 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; Department de Experimental and Health Sciences, Univeristat Pompeu Fabra, Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Colom
- Sub-Direcció General d'Addiccions, VIH, Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Hepatitis Víriques, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Carrer de Roc Boronat, 81-95, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), C/de Ca n'Altayó, s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Epidemiology and Methodology of Social and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària, 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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San Pío MJ, Clotas C, Espelt A, López MJ, Bosque-Prous M, Juárez O, Bartroli M. Effectiveness of a preschool emotional education programme administered over 3 grades: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Public Health 2023; 218:53-59. [PMID: 36965464 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotional education programmes are universal preventive strategies for health promotion, especially mental health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of '1,2,3, emoció!': a preschool-based programme designed to improve emotional competence and targeted to 3-5-year-old children in Barcelona during three academic years. STUDY DESIGN Cluster randomised trial, using schools as clusters. METHODS The study's population included preschoolers 3-5 years old from Barcelona. Teachers offered the programme during one or three academic years in the intervention groups. We evaluated the emotional competence of each child at the beginning and the end of the academic year with the Emotional Competence Assessment Questionnaire (30-180 scale). We studied the implementation process and analysed the outcomes with nested linear regression models. Considering sociodemographic variables and implementation outcomes, we obtained the individual differences in emotional competence at the end of the school year-segregated by sex-for intervention and comparison groups. RESULTS 1586 children participated in the study. The emotional competence level increased significantly after one year (4.1 in boys; 5.6 in girls; P < 0.05) and after three years of intervention (5.5 in boys; 8.0 in girls; P < 0.01), compared to comparison group. The level of emotional competence was the highest for the 3-year intervention group: we obtained an average ECAQ score of 131.1 (95% CI 126.9-135.2) for boys and 141 (95% CI 137.2-144.9) for girls. We observed that an accurate implementation improved its results. CONCLUSIONS The programme '1,2,3, emoció!' effectively increases preschool children's emotional competence, especially when the programme is rigorously implemented for three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J San Pío
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Clotas
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Espelt
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic- Universitat Central de Catalunya, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les ciències de la salut, Universitat Auntònoma de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - M J López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Bosque-Prous
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les ciències de la salut, Universitat Auntònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain
| | - O Juárez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Bartroli
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain
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Saigí-Rubió F, Eguia H, Espelt A, Macip S, Bosque-Prous M. Hesitation about coronavirus vaccines in healthcare professionals and general population in Spain. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277899. [PMID: 36454968 PMCID: PMC9714825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study attempts to provide a picture of the hesitancy to vaccination against COVID-19 in Spain during the 2021 spring-autumn vaccination campaign, both in the general population and in healthcare professionals. METHODS The participants were recruited using social media such as Facebook and Twitter, in addition to the cooperation of health personnel contacted with the collaboration of medical scientific societies. A cross-sectional study was carried out that included the response of an online questionnaire. The data were collected from April 30 to September 26, 2021. To assess the different associations between variables to be measured, we fit Poisson regression models with robust variance. RESULTS Responses were obtained from 3,850 adults from the general population group and 502 health professionals. Of the overall sample, 48.6% of participants from the general population were vaccinated against COVID-19, whereas in the healthcare professionals, 94.8% were vaccinated. The prevalence of general population vaccination increased with age, and was higher in women than men. Most participants did not show a preference for any vaccine itself. However, the prevalence of people vaccinated with their preferred vaccine was higher for the ones vaccinated with Pfizer's vaccine. 6.5% of the general population reported being reticent to be vaccinated. People from younger age groups, people with lower educational levels and those who were not from a risk group showed greater reluctance to be vaccinated. No gender differences in reluctancy were found. CONCLUSIONS Health professionals were significantly less likely to refuse vaccination even though they had more doubts about the safety and efficacy of vaccines. On the other hand, younger people, those with a lower level of education and those who were not from a risk group were the most hesitant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Saigí-Rubió
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Eguia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
- SEMERGEN New Technologies Working Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic–Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra. Spain
| | - Salvador Macip
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mechanisms of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra. Spain
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8
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Bartroli Checa M, Bosque-Prous M, Juárez Martínez O, Clotas Boté C, Teixidó-Compañó E, Ramos Vaquero P, Espelt A. [Design and pilot testing of a school-based emotional education program for health promotion and prevention for children from 3 to 5 years of age.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2022; 96:e202211080. [PMID: 36458342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing emotional competence is a health promotion strategy that can be enhanced through school-based emotional education programs. This study aims to describe the participative process to design the emotional education program 1, 2, 3, emoció! aimed at children aged from 3 to 5 years and to analyze the results of the pilot test. METHODS Existing international emotional education programs were reviewed. A participative process was carried out for its adaptation and a pilot test of the training and materials. Training and activity evaluation questionnaires were used to calculate mean scores for quantitative responses and percentages for categorical responses, and the Emotional Competence Profile Questionnaire for teaching staff was administered before and after the intervention and for which it was calculated whether there were significant differences between the two scores using Wilcoxon test. RESULTS Eleven school programs were reviewed. The Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning (SEAL) program was selected. Seventeen professionals participated in working groups to carry out the adaptation to the Barcelona context. Eleven schools participated in the pilot test. The teachers increased their emotional competencies. The teachers' average evaluation of the activities was 8.18 out of 10. The result of the whole is the 1, 2, 3, emoció! program. CONCLUSIONS The 1, 2, 3, emoció! program is well received by the schools participating in the pilot test. Future studies should evaluate its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Bartroli Checa
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). Barcelona. España
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Estudis de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Barcelona. España
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès). España
| | | | | | - Ester Teixidó-Compañó
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic, Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC). Manresa. España
| | | | - Albert Espelt
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès). España
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic, Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC). Manresa. España
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP). Madrid. España
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9
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O'Callaghan-Gordo C, Moreno A, Bosque-Prous M, Castro-Sanchez E, Dadvand P, Guzmán CAF, García-Juanatey A, Gascon M, Grau O, Jordana J, Lowe R, March H, Medina FX, Mélon L, Navas G, Núñez Casal A, Ruiz-Mallén I, Sánchez-Valdivia N, Tonne C, Triguero-Mas M, Zografos C, Antó JM. Responding to the need of postgraduate education for Planetary Health: Development of an online Master's Degree. Front Public Health 2022; 10:969065. [PMID: 36388308 PMCID: PMC9643718 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.969065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Planetary Health has emerged as a new approach to respond to the existential risks that the clime and global environmental crises pose to human societies. As stated by various stakeholders, the challenges involved in Planetary Health are of such magnitude that education must be at the forefront to obtain a meaningful response. Universities and higher education institutions have been specifically called to embed the concept of planetary stewardship in all curricula and train the next generation of researchers and change makers as a matter of urgency. As a response to this call, the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), and the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) developed the first online and asynchronous Master in Science (MSc) in Planetary Health. The aim of the programme is to train a new generation of academics and professionals who understand the challenges of Planetary Health and have tools to tackle them. This article describes the development of the curriculum of this MSc, presents the main characteristics of the programme and discusses some of the challenges encountered in the development of the programme and its implementation. The design of this MSc was based on: the alignment of the programme with the principles for Planetary Health education with a focus on human health; a multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinary approach; the urgency to respond to the Anthropocene challenges; and the commitment to the 2030 Agenda. The MSc was recognized as an official degree by the Agency for Quality of the Catalan University System, included in the European Quality Assurance Register for Higher Education, and the Spanish National Academic Coordination body in April 2021 and launched in October 2021. There are currently more than 50 students enrolled in the program coming from a broad range of disciplines and geographic locations. The information presented in this article and the discussion on challenges encountered in developing and implementing the programme can be useful for those working in the development of similar programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo
| | | | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Castro-Sanchez
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Brentford, United Kingdom,Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos A. Faerron Guzmán
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain,Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States,Planetary Health Alliance, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana García-Juanatey
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,CEI International Affairs, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Gascon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau
- Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium,Global Ecology Unit (CREAF), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jacint Jordana
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain,Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain,Centre on Climate Change & Planetary Health and Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hug March
- Estudis d'Economia i Empresa, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Xavier Medina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,Unesco Chair on Food, Culture and Development, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lela Mélon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change, ESCI-UPF, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Grettel Navas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Faculty of Government, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Núñez Casal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,Departamento de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad, Insituto de Filosofía, Spanish National Research Council (IFS-CSIC), Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Filosofía y Antropología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Mallén
- Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nacho Sánchez-Valdivia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,COVID-19 Early Detection, Surveillance and Control Department, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Triguero-Mas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,Mariana Arcaya's Research Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Christos Zografos
- Johns Hopkins University - Universitat Pompeu Fabra (JHU-UPF) Public Policy Center, UPF-BSM, Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions (GREDS-EMCONET), Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Antó
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Gontié R, Garcia-Aymerich J, Jubany J, Bosque-Prous M, Barón-Garcia T, González-Casals H, Drou-Roget G, Beringues A, Espelt A. Relationship between physical activity and incidence of dementia in people aged 50 and over in Europe. Aging Ment Health 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35879889 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between physical activity and the incidence of dementia in a cohort of people aged 50 years or older without dementia from different countries in Europe between the years 2013 and 2015. METHODS Prospective longitudinal design study (2013-2015) with a sample of 46,141 people without dementia in 2013 who participated in the SHARE project in waves 5 and 6, where 15 European countries participated. We defined dementia as a self-report of Alzheimer's disease, organic brain syndrome, senility, or any other serious memory impairment during follow-up. The frequency of moderate, vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in 2013 was obtained from a validated questionnaire. Incidences of dementia by year (between 2013 and 2015) were calculated for each category of physical activity. Poisson regression models with robust variance were fitted for the association between physical activity and dementia. RESULTS The incidence of dementia was 7.4 [95%CI = 6.8-7.9] cases per 1000 persons per year. Very frequent moderate physical activity is a protective factor for dementia independently of the frequency of vigorous physical activity and inversely. The risk of dementia was 2.36 [95%CI = 1.77-3.14] higher in people who hardly ever, or never did moderate-to-vigorous physical activity comparing to people engaged in it more than once a week independently of the baseline cognitive level. CONCLUSION Physical activity is associated with the incidence of dementia in people aged 50 and over in both men and women in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Gontié
- Department of Epidemiology and Methodology of Social Sciences and Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research Network of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Júlia Jubany
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Tivy Barón-Garcia
- Department of Epidemiology and Methodology of Social Sciences and Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain
| | - Helena González-Casals
- Department of Epidemiology and Methodology of Social Sciences and Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain
| | - Gemma Drou-Roget
- Department of Epidemiology and Methodology of Social Sciences and Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain
| | - Anna Beringues
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Department of Epidemiology and Methodology of Social Sciences and Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research Network of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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11
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la Fuente IMD, Pastor A, Conde P, Vázquez MS, Ramos C, Bosque-Prous M, Franco M, Sureda X. Changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment among participants in a Photovoice project conducted in two districts with different socio-economic status. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254978. [PMID: 34358236 PMCID: PMC8345849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptions of the alcohol environment may influence alcohol consumption patterns. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in perceptions of the urban alcohol environment as experienced by residents of two districts with different socio-economic status after taking part in a Photovoice study. The study was conducted in Madrid, Spain, in a district with a high socio-economic status (HSES) and another district with a low socio-economic status (LSES). A Photovoice project was conducted with 26 participants divided into four groups based on sex and district. Groups met over five sessions in which they discussed photographs taken by the participants themselves on the subject of alcohol in their neighbourhood. A qualitative, descriptive and thematic analysis of participants' discourses was performed to explore changes in their perceptions of the alcohol environment over the project sessions. Changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment were observed in all groups over the project. The process of change varied by districts' socio-economic characteristics and gender. Greater changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment were observed in HSES, especially among women, as the participants had a much more positive initial view of their alcohol environment. In LSES, participants showed a more critical perception of the alcohol environment from the beginning of the study, and this broadened and intensified over the course of the sessions. Changes in perceptions also varied by thematic categories, including some categories that were discussed from the start (e.g. socialising and alcohol consumption) and categories that only emerged in later sessions (e.g. alcohol advertising). Involvement in a Photovoice project has favoured a shift in the participant's perceptions of their alcohol environment towards more critical positions, widening their scope of perceived elements and raising their awareness of specific problems, such as alcohol advertising and social role of alcohol consumption in relation to alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Molina-de la Fuente
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Malaria and Neglected diseases Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Pastor
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Conde
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sandín Vázquez
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramos
- Public Health Institute of Madrid, Madrid City Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Franco
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, United States of America
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respirarory Diseases (CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Rogés J, Bosque-Prous M, Colom J, Folch C, Barón-Garcia T, González-Casals H, Fernández E, Espelt A. Consumption of Alcohol, Cannabis, and Tobacco in a Cohort of Adolescents before and during COVID-19 Confinement. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:7849. [PMID: 34360141 PMCID: PMC8345772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify changes in the hazardous consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, due to the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 in a cohort of schooled adolescents from Central Catalonia. We also analyzed the effect of the individual and social factors on risky consumption during confinement. This longitudinal study involved a subsample of 303 adolescents aged 14-18 years, who were attending 4th year of compulsory secondary education (ESO), 2nd year of college preparation (baccalaureate), or Vocational and Educational Training (VET). We collected data before COVID-19 lockdown (October 2019-February 2020) and 2 months after the lockdown ended. We estimated the prevalence of risky substance use in the sample at baseline for each independent variable. We used Poisson regression models with robust variance to compute the Cumulative Incidence (CI) and Relative Risk (RR), with their respective 95% confidence interval. We found that VET students had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher risk of substance use: binge drinking (RR = 3.21 (95%CI: 1.00-10.34)); hazardous drinking of alcohol (RR = 3.75 (95%CI: 1.12-12.54)), hazardous consumption of cannabis (RR = 3.75 (95%CI: 0.65-21.59)) and daily smoking of tobacco (RR = 4.82 (95%CI: 1.74-13.39)). The results showed a general trend of reduction of consumption during COVID-19 confinement period. This study suggests that VET students were more likely to engage in hazardous drinking of alcohol and daily smoking of tobacco. No statistically significant differences were found for the other age groups and variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Rogés
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 46, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (J.R.); (T.B.-G.); (H.G.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), C/de Ca n’Altayó s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan Colom
- Subdirecció General de Drogodependències, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3 Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tivy Barón-Garcia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 46, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (J.R.); (T.B.-G.); (H.G.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Helena González-Casals
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 46, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (J.R.); (T.B.-G.); (H.G.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d’Oncologia-ICO, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Programme (EPIBELL), Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium of Centers for Biomedical Research on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 20029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 46, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (J.R.); (T.B.-G.); (H.G.-C.); (A.E.)
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), C/de Ca n’Altayó s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3 Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Barón-Garcia T, Gómez S, Amatller O, Bosque-Prous M, Espelt A. [Evaluation of the program for the universal prevention of substance use and sexual risk behaviours in the university population "En plenas facultades": a quasi-experimental study.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2021; 95:e202106082. [PMID: 34159950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of alcohol and other drugs in youth has adverse health effects, and it is also associated with unsafe sexual practices. For this reason, it is important to include prevention programs in universities regarding alcohol, drugs, and safe sexual practices, and it is essential to evaluate them to prove their effectiveness in the target population. The aim of the study was to evaluate "En Plenas Facultades", a prevention program of substance use and Sexual Risk Behaviours, analysing both the results obtained and the process, in the seven universities of Spain where it is implemented. METHODS An evaluation of the process and results of "En plenas facultades" program has been carried out through different quasi-experimental designs in four academic years, from the 2016/2017 to the 2019/2020 academic year. Participants from each course and from the 7 universities who joined the program during these four academic years were included (average of 270 participants per academic year). To evaluate the results a pre-post quasi-experimental study was designed, where participants were asked to answer a questionnaire before and after their participation in the program. For the evaluation of the program implementation process, exhaustiveness, coverage, and training's satisfaction were analyzed. For data analysis, absolute and relative frequencies, and means with their confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS In seven Spanish universities, "En plenas facultades" trainings increased students' knowledge in the subject of drug abuse and risky sexual behaviors. People went from a score of 5.29 (95%CI: 5.02-5.57), out of 9, to 7.31 (95%CI 7.13-7.48) in the 2019/2020 academic year. Around 80% of participants ended up being health agents. In the 2019/2020 academic year, the score of global training's satisfaction was 4.24 (95%CI: 4.10-4.38) points out of 5. CONCLUSIONS The preventive program "En plenas facultades" increases participants' knowledge in subjects of drug abuse and risky sexual behaviors. Moreover, a high proportion of participants become health agents when the training finishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tivy Barón-Garcia
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa. Universitat de Vic. Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC). Manresa. España
| | | | | | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Estudis de Ciències de la Salut. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Barcelona. España
| | - Albert Espelt
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa. Universitat de Vic. Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC). Manresa. España
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP). Madrid. España
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). Bellaterra. Barcelona. España
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14
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Molina-de la Fuente I, Pastor A, Conde P, Sandín Vázquez M, Ramos C, Bosque-Prous M, Franco M, Sureda X. Residents perceptions of the alcohol environment: A participatory photovoice project in two districts with different socio-economic status in a large city. Health Place 2021; 69:102566. [PMID: 33873132 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to present the alcohol environment as perceived by its residents in two districts of Madrid using the Photovoice participatory methodology. Secondly, we compared the results according to the socio-economic status of the districts. The study was conducted in the city of Madrid, Spain, in two districts with different socio-economic status. A total of 26 people participated, who took and discussed photographs about their alcohol environment. They grouped them into 33 final categories, such as the socialising role of alcohol or the alcohol advertising. Co-authors further grouped participants final categories into seven general areas. The participants in the Photovoice project have helped to deepen the understanding of the alcohol urban environment. These results may help to design more effective policies to prevent hazardous alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Molina-de la Fuente
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871, Spain; Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Malaria and Neglected Diseases Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Andrea Pastor
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871, Spain
| | - Paloma Conde
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871, Spain
| | - María Sandín Vázquez
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871, Spain; Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Carmen Ramos
- Public Health Institute of Madrid, Madrid City Council, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Franco
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871, Spain; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, 21205, Maryland, USA
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871, Spain; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respirarory Diseases (CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Eguia H, Vinciarelli F, Bosque-Prous M, Kristensen T, Saigí-Rubió F. Spain's Hesitation at the Gates of a COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:170. [PMID: 33670621 PMCID: PMC7922768 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aims to delineate a pattern on vaccine hesitancy in a sample of the Spanish population, considering age groups and status as healthcare workers. (2) Methods: Participants were recruited using Twitter® as a dissemination tool to reach as many respondents as possible in different parts of the Spanish territory. The participants were recruited in a cross-sectional study, which included answering an online questionnaire. Data were collected from 10 September through 23 November 2020. Respondents answered questions asking whether they intended to be vaccinated and provided the main reason for their answers. To estimate associations between vaccination hesitancy and independent variables, we fit Poisson regression models with robust variance. (3) Results: One thousand and two responses were obtained, of which only 731 were validated. One hundred and sixty-four participants stated that they would not be vaccinated (22.43%), of which 20-24% were non-health workers or unemployed, 17.5% physicians, 31.5% other health workers, and almost 35% nurses. Concerns about lack of effectiveness of the vaccination, lack of safety when vaccinating and possibly dangerous adverse effects were the main causes provided. (4) Conclusions: This study indicates that more interventions are needed to achieve better communication with the population and health professionals. Receptiveness to the message of the importance and security of the COVID-19 vaccination could be an important strategy for improving these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Eguia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona 08018, Spain; (H.E.); (M.B.-P.)
- SEMERGEN New Technologies Working Group, 28009 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Franco Vinciarelli
- SEMERGEN New Technologies Working Group, 28009 Madrid, Spain;
- Emergency Hospital Clemente Álvarez, Rosario (Santa Fe) S2002, Argentina
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona 08018, Spain; (H.E.); (M.B.-P.)
| | - Troels Kristensen
- Danish Centre for Health Economics, University of Southern (DaCHE), 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Francesc Saigí-Rubió
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona 08018, Spain; (H.E.); (M.B.-P.)
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16
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Bezerra de Souza DL, Oliveras-Fabregas A, Espelt A, Bosque-Prous M, de Camargo Cancela M, Teixidó-Compañó E, Jerez-Roig J. Multimorbidity and its associated factors among adults aged 50 and over: A cross-sectional study in 17 European countries. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246623. [PMID: 33571285 PMCID: PMC7877625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity among European community-dwelling adults, as well as to analyse the association with gender, age, education, self-rated health, loneliness, quality of life, size of social network, Body Mass Index (BMI) and disability. METHODS A cross-sectional study based on wave 6 (2015) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was conducted, and community-dwelling participants aged 50+ (n = 63,844) from 17 European countries were selected. Multimorbidity was defined as presenting two or more health conditions. The independent variables were gender, age group, educational level, self-rated health, loneliness, size of network, quality of life, BMI and disability (1+ limitations of basic activities of daily living). Poisson regression models with robust variance were fit for bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of multimorbidity was 28.2% (confidence interval-CI 95%: 27.5.8-29.0) among men and 34.5% (CI95%: 34.1-35.4) among women. The most common health conditions were cardiometabolic and osteoarticular diseases in both genders, and emotional disorders in younger women. A large variability in the prevalence of multimorbidity in European countries was verified, even between countries of the same region. CONCLUSIONS Multimorbidity was associated with sociodemographic and physical characteristics, self-rated health, quality of life and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Souza
- Department of Collective Health, Graduate Programme in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Programme in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Oliveras-Fabregas
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences Blanquerna, Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia, Manresa, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ester Teixidó-Compañó
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Manresa, University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia, Manresa, Spain
| | - Javier Jerez-Roig
- Postgraduate Programme in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Villalbí JR, Bosque-Prous M. [Policies to prevent the harm caused by alcohol: priorities for Spain.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2020; 94:e202011168. [PMID: 33185194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a strategic analysis of the prevention of the harm caused by alcohol in Spain. The alcohol action plan of the European Office of the WHO offers a guide for the development of the most effective control policies. Following its scheme, the current situation and the prevention policies are reviewed with data available in 2020. Strategies and key actions for the future are proposed, considering as major goals to curb the early abuse of alcohol by adolescents and to reduce the risk consumption of the population at large. Besides helping persons with abuse criteria from health services, key actions for prevention include public policies such as fiscal, marketing and availability regulations, and drink driving measures. Some have followed a favorable evolution in Spain, but for others there is wide room for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan R Villalbí
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública. España
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau. Barcelona. España
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona. España
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Estudis de Ciències de la Salut. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Barcelona. España
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
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18
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Villalbí JR, Serral G, Espelt A, Puigcorbé S, Bartroli M, Sureda X, Teixidó-Compañó E, Bosque-Prous M. [Prevalence of binge drinking among high school students and urban contextual factors.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2020; 94:e202011150. [PMID: 33177487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many teenagers experiment with addictive substances such as alcohol. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of binge drinking among secondary school students and its relationship with sex, grade, and type of school, as well as with urban contextual factors of the school neighborhood: socioeconomic level, density of alcohol outlet premises, and tourist pressure. METHODS This was an observational cross-sectional study. The study population were the students of 8th and 10th grade (2nd and 4th year of ESO) in the city of Barcelona in 2016. Alcohol use, sex, grade, type of school and school neighborhood were taken from the FRESC survey. The wealth of the neighborhood and tourist pressure were extracted from municipal statistics. The density of alcohol outlets was obtained by direct observation with the OHCITIES instrument. We estimated the prevalence of binge drinking (consumption of five or more units on one occasion) stratifying by age, sex and ownership of the school. We calculated a robust Poisson regression model with the individual and contextual variables and analyzed the situation of those neighborhoods with the highest prevalence of binge. RESULTS The self-declared frequency of binge drinking in the last 30 days was 6.1% in this sample of 2,329 students, 2.2% in 8th grade and 10.3% in 10th grade. It was higher in boys (7%) than in girls (5.1%), and slightly higher in private subsidized schools (6.4%) than in public schools (5.5%). In the Poisson regression models, neither the coefficients of the three contextual variables nor the type of school reached statistical significance, contrary to those obtained with the individual variables of sex and year. The adjusted prevalence of binge in the 36 neighborhoods ranged from 0 to 18.2%. Comparing the contextual variables of the 8 neighborhoods with the lowest prevalence of binge with the others, both a greater density of local alcohol sales and higher tourism pressure were associated with a higher prevalence of binge drinking, while for wealth there were no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS The use of alcohol in early adolescence is related to individual variables such as sex and age. Urban contextual factors such as a higher tourist pressure and the density of premises that sell alcohol may exert also some influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan R Villalbí
- Agència de Salut Pública. Barcelona. España
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona. España
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau). Barcelona. España
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP). Madrid. España
| | - Gemma Serral
- Agència de Salut Pública. Barcelona. España
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau). Barcelona. España
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP). Madrid. España
| | - Albert Espelt
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP). Madrid. España
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa. Universitat de Vic. Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC). España
| | | | - Montse Bartroli
- Agència de Salut Pública. Barcelona. España
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP). Madrid. España
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Alcalá. Madrid. España
- Departamento de Epidemiología y Bioestadística. City University of New York. Nueva York. Estados Unidos
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL. l'Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España
- CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES. Madrid. España
| | - Ester Teixidó-Compañó
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona. España
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa. Universitat de Vic. Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC). España
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Barcelona. España
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19
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Galán Labaca I, Segura-García L, Álvarez FJ, Bosque-Prous M. [Differential health effects of alcoholic beverages: an umbrella review of observational studies.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2020; 94:e202011147. [PMID: 33177485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is great controversy about whether the consumption of different types of alcoholic beverages has different effects on health. The objective was to carry out an umbrella review of the studies that described the association between the consumption of different types of alcoholic beverages and various health indicators. METHODS Search through PubMed (from January 2000 to February 2019) of systematic reviews and meta-analysis that reported quantitative results of the association between the consumption of different types of alcoholic beverages and health effects. 26 studies were identified: 21 related to cancer, three to cardiometabolic diseases, two to neurodegenerative diseases, and one to general mortality. RESULTS The results were heterogeneous. The great methodological differences in the estimation of alcohol intake, control of confounding variables, and the evaluation of statistical difference between types of beverages, made it very difficult to conclude whether they cause an unequal effect on health. In general mortality and cardiometabolic diseases, it was suggested that beer and spirits appear to have a greater negative effect than wine, but the differences were not statistically significant. Regarding cancer, in those types where the causal evidence is totally consistent: oropharynx, colorectal and breast (women), the reviews did not show a differentiated effect according to the type of alcoholic beverages. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, the available information did not allow clear conclusions to be drawn. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed evidence does not allow to conclude that the consumption of wine, beer or spirits, has a differential effect on cardiometabolic, cancer or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Galán Labaca
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid. España
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ. Madrid. España
| | - Lidia Segura-García
- Sub-direcció General de Drogodependències. Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya. Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya. Barcelona, España
| | - F Javier Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Valladolid. Valladolid. España
- CEIm. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid. Valladolid. España
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Barcelona. España
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). Barcelona. España
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20
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Puigcorbé S, Villalbí JR, Sureda X, Bosque-Prous M, Teixidó-Compañó E, Franco M, Bartroli M, Espelt A. Assessing the association between tourism and the alcohol urban environment in Barcelona: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037569. [PMID: 32994241 PMCID: PMC7526313 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol availability and promotion are not distributed equally in the urban context. Evidence shows that the socioeconomic level seems to influence the amount of alcohol-related elements in an area. Some studies suggest that tourism could also affect the distribution of these elements. We explore with a valid instrument in a large city whether there is an association between high tourism pressure and a greater presence of alcohol-related elements in the urban environment. DESIGN Observational ecological study. SETTING The study was conducted in Barcelona during 2017-2018. PARTICIPANTS We assessed urban exposure to alcohol by performing social systematic observation using the OHCITIES Instrument in a stratified random sample of 170 census tracts within the city's 73 neighbourhoods. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES For each census tract we calculated the density of alcohol premises, and of promotion in public places per 1000 residents. We estimated tourism pressure using the number of tourist beds per 1000 residents in each neighbourhood and calculated quartiles. To assess the relationship between rate ratios of elements of alcohol urban environment and tourism pressure, we calculated Spearman correlations and fitted Poisson regression models with robust error variance. RESULTS The median densities obtained were of 8.18 alcohol premises and of 7.59 alcohol advertising and promotion elements visible from the public space per 1000 population. Census tracts with the highest tourism pressure had 2.5 (95% CI: 1.85-3.38) times more outlets and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.64-3.23) times more promotion elements per 1000 residents than those in the lowest tourism pressure quartile. CONCLUSIONS We observed a strong association between tourism pressure and alcohol exposure in the city of Barcelona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Puigcorbé
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan R Villalbí
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group. School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, United States
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ester Teixidó-Compañó
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC), Manresa, Spain
| | - Manuel Franco
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group. School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Montserrat Bartroli
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC), Manresa, Spain
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21
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Trias-Llimós S, Bosque-Prous M, Obradors-Rial N, Teixidó-Compañó E, Belza MJ, Janssen F, Espelt A. Alcohol and educational inequalities: Hazardous drinking prevalence and all-cause mortality by hazardous drinking group in people aged 50 and older in Europe. Subst Abus 2020; 43:152-160. [PMID: 32543303 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2020.1773597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: We examined educational inequalities in hazardous drinking prevalence among individuals aged 50 or more in 14 European countries, and explored educational inequalities in mortality in hazardous drinkers in European regions. Methods: We analyzed data from waves 4, 5 and 6 of the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We estimated age-standardized hazardous drinking prevalence, and prevalence ratios (PR) of hazardous drinking by country and educational level using Poisson regression models with robust variance. We estimated the relative index of inequality (RII) for all-cause mortality among hazardous drinkers and non-hazardous drinkers using Cox proportional hazards regression models and for each region (North, South, East and West). Results: In men, educational inequalities in hazardous drinking were not observed (PRmedium = 1.09 [95%CI: 0.98-1.21] and PRhigh = 0.99 [95%CI: 0.88-1.10], ref. low), while in they were observed in women, having the highest hazardous drinking prevalence in the highest educational levels (PRmedium = 1.28 [95%CI: 1.15-1.42] and PRhigh = 1.53 [95%CI: 1.36-1.72]). Overall, the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) in all-cause mortality among hazardous drinkers was 1.12 [95%CI: 1.03-1.22] among men and 1.10 [95%CI: 0.97-1.25] among women. Educational inequalities among hazardous drinkers were observed in Eastern Europe for both men (RIIhazardous = 1.21 [95%CI: 1.01-1.45]) and women (RIIhazardous = 1.46 [95%CI: 1.13-1.87]). Educational inequalities in mortality among non-hazardous drinkers were observed in Southern, Western and Eastern Europe among men, and in Eastern Europe among women. Conclusions: Higher educational attainment is positively associated with hazardous drinking prevalence among women, but not among men in most of the analyzed European countries. Clear educational inequalities in mortality among hazardous drinkers were only observed in Eastern Europe. Further research on the associations between alcohol use and inequalities in all-cause mortality in different regions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Trias-Llimós
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Obradors-Rial
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC), Manresa, Spain
| | - Ester Teixidó-Compañó
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC), Manresa, Spain
| | - Maria José Belza
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fanny Janssen
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute - KNAW/University of Groningen, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Espelt
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC), Manresa, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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22
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Díaz-Geada A, Espelt A, Bosque-Prous M, Obradors-Rial N, Teixidó-Compañó E, Caamaño Isorna F. Association between negative mood states, psychoactive substances consumption and bullying in school-aged adolescents. Adicciones 2020; 32:128-135. [PMID: 31342076 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE mental health problems during adolescence lead to increased morbidity and mortality. We intend to test the hypothesis that bullying and addictive substance use is related to negative mood states. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study among high school students in Burela (Northern Spain) (n=238). "Negative mood state" was defined as experiencing the following: feeling tired, sad, out of place, bored, hopeless, nervous or lacking sleep. Independent variables were binge drinking, having smoked tobacco or cannabis, and the corresponding perceived risk of using them. The variable bullying was also measured. Poisson regression models with robust variance were estimated, and Prevalence Ratios were obtained. RESULTS 10.5% [CI 95% (7.2-15.2)] of the students reported suffering negative mood states. Students declaring low perceived risk of cannabis use [PR = 2.6 (1.2-5.5)], having tried this addictive substance at some point [PR = 3.1 (1.1-8.9)] and having suffered bullying [PR = 4.8 (2.4-9.6)] increased the risk of experiencing negative mood states. CONCLUSION It would be advisable to design and implement interventions aimed at improving mental health during adolescence which account for the use of addictive substances and being a victim of bullying.
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Lima ALBD, Espelt A, Bosque-Prous M, Lima KC. Gender differences in disability among older adults in the context of social gender and income inequalities: 2013 Brazilian Health Survey. Rev bras epidemiol 2020; 23:e200002. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Objectives: To estimate the magnitude of gender differences in disability among adults aged 60 and older and to evaluate whether they can be associated with social gender inequality and socioeconomic contextual factors at the level of Brazilian federative units. Methods: This is a multilevel study that used data from 23,575 older adults of 27 federative units who participated in the 2013 Brazilian Health Survey. The activity limitation index was developed from the item response theory, using activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living variables. The association of individual and contextual variables with disability was estimated by assessing the magnitude of differences between genders, using cross-level interaction effects in multilevel generalized linear models, including only the variables that were statistically significant in the final model. Results: The prevalence of disability was higher among women (37.6%) than among men (26.5%), totaling 32.7% of the older adults. In the adjusted multilevel analysis, disability was influenced by income inequality (γgini = 0.022, p < 0.001) among federative units. In addition, gender differences in disability were associated with social gender inequalities (γmgiiXsex = 0.020, p = 0.004). Conclusion: Women had higher disability disadvantages compared to men, and those differences were associated with social gender inequalities among the Brazilian federative units influenced by income inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Espelt
- Universitat de Vic Universitat Central de Catalunya, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain
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Palomeras-Vilches A, Viñals-Mayolas E, Bou-Mias C, Jordà-Castro M, Agüero-Martínez M, Busquets-Barceló M, Pujol-Busquets G, Carrion C, Bosque-Prous M, Serra-Majem L, Bach-Faig A. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Bone Fracture Risk in Middle-Aged Women: A Case Control Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102508. [PMID: 31635237 PMCID: PMC6835915 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of bone mass loss and related complications associated with osteoporosis is a significant public health issue. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is favorably associated with bone health, a potentially modifiable risk factor. The objective of this research was to determine MD adherence in a sample of women with and without osteoporosis. In this observational case-control study of 139 women (64 women with and 75 without osteoporosis) conducted in a primary-care health center in Girona (Spain), MD adherence, lifestyle, physical exercise, tobacco and alcohol consumption, pathological antecedents, and FRAX index scores were analyzed. Logistic multilinear regression modeling to explore the relationship between the MD and bone fracture risk indicated that better MD adherence was associated with a lower bone risk fracture. Non-pharmacological preventive strategies to reduce bone fracture risk were also reviewed to explore the role of lifestyle and diet in bone mass maintenance and bone fracture prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palomeras-Vilches
- Medicina Familiar i Comunitària (MFiC), Institut Català de la Salut, EAP Santa Clara, 17001 Girona, Spain.
| | | | - Concepció Bou-Mias
- Medicina Familiar i Comunitària (MFiC), Institut Català de la Salut, EAP Santa Clara, 17001 Girona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Georgina Pujol-Busquets
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Open University of Catalonia, UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7725 Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Carme Carrion
- UOC eHealth Center (eHC), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
- eHealth Lab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Open University of Catalonia, UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Anna Bach-Faig
- FoodLab Research Group (2017SGR 83), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Open University of Catalonia, UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
- Food and Nutrition Area, Barcelona Official College of Pharmacists, 08009 Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Editorial of vol. 31(4).
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Lima ALBD, Espelt A, Lima KCD, Bosque-Prous M. Activity limitation in elderly people in the European context of gender inequality: a multilevel approach. Cien Saude Colet 2019; 23:2991-3000. [PMID: 30281736 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018239.20662016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine the magnitude of gender differences in activity limitations among the elderly, and the effect of the health and social individual factors and the context of social gender inequality in Europe. Cross-sectional design was performed. The study population included residents aged 60 years or over from 17 countries that participated in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe conducted in 2010-13 (n = 49,685). Gender differences in activity limitation in each country was estimated. For multilevel analysis adjusted linear mixed effect models were used, where the intercept and 'sex' were considered random effects, with the 95% confidence intervals. The activity limitation index was created from a two parameter logistic combined models of item response theory. The average activity limitation index was significantly higher in women, (g10 = b1j = 0.36, p < 0.001), and was then controlled by individual and contextual factors, while the extent of these differences varied among countries. The European countries with the greatest gender differences in activity limitations were those with the greatest social gender inequalities, with women presenting a significant disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Barbosa de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Av. Hermes da Fonseca s/n, Lagoa Nova. 59084-100 Natal RN Brasil.
| | - Albert Espelt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Open University of Catalonia. Barcelona Spain
| | - Kenio Costa de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Av. Hermes da Fonseca s/n, Lagoa Nova. 59084-100 Natal RN Brasil.
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Teixidó-Compañó E, Sordo L, Bosque-Prous M, Puigcorbé S, Barrio G, Brugal MT, Belza MJJ, Espelt A. Individual and contextual factors related to binge drinking among adolescents in Spain: a multilevel approach. Adicciones 2019; 31:41-51. [PMID: 29353297 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of binge drinking by regions in Spain and assess the effect of individual and contextual factors related to this drinking pattern in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was performed with data from the 2014 Spanish School Survey on Drug Use (ESTUDES) in students aged 14-18 years (N = 34,259). The outcome was binge drinking in adolescents during the last 30 days. Individual independent variables were socioeconomic variables and variables related to access to alcohol and its availability. Contextual variables consisted of adult alcohol consumption, public policies on alcohol, and socioeconomic factors. Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust variance were estimated, obtaining prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals. The results showed that the prevalence of youth binge drinking by region of residence was similar for both sexes (r = 0.72). At the individual level, binge drinking was mainly associated with the perception of easy access to alcohol (PR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.23-1.55), consumption in open areas [(PR: 3.82; 95% CI: 3.44-4.24) < once a month and (PR: 6.57; 95% CI: 5.85-7.37) ≥ once a month], at least one parent allowing alcohol consumption (PR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.37-1.47), and receiving >30 euros weekly (PR :1.51; 95% CI: 1.37-1.67). Contextual variables were not associated with youth binge drinking when individual variables were considered. In conclusion, youth binge drinking was associated with individual variables related to high alcohol accessibility and availability, regardless of contextual variables. These variables explained the variability in binge drinking among Spanish regions.
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Villalbí JR, Espelt A, Sureda X, Bosque-Prous M, Teixidó-Compañó E, Puigcorbé S, Franco M, Brugal MT. The urban environment of alcohol: a study on the availability, promotion and visibility of its use in the neighborhoods of Barcelona. Adicciones 2019; 31:33-40. [PMID: 29353296 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper describes the presence of alcohol in the public space, assessing establishments that offer it, its advertising, and signs of consumption, as factors that may influence its consumption. METHOD Descriptive observational study based on cluster sampling with two-step selection. Results are described, and the spatial association between variables is assessed. RESULTS In the 20 census tracts studied, 306 premises were identified that offered alcoholic beverages: 204 were on-premises and 102 were off-premises, mainly supermarkets and food retail stores. Their spatial distribution was uneven, concentrated in two central districts. We identified 72 publicity items, mostly sponsorship of musical events. There were many promotional items linked to on- premises, especially in their terraces. Five people were detected promoting consumption or selling alcohol in the Old Town. In each time slot, between 39 and 51 signs of consumption on the public space were observed (mostly abandoned beer cans), more frequent at night and in the Old Town. There is an association between the presence of establishments that offer alcohol and advertising. There is no relationship between these variables and signs of consumption in the public space; these are concentrated in the Old Town, which has greater presence of tourism. CONCLUSIONS The urban environment is characterized by elements that stimulate alcohol use and its distribution is uneven, with a strong influence of tourism-related activities. Further regulation of alcohol promotion, availability and consumption in the public space may change its social image and decrease its use.
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Bosque-Prous M, Mendieta-Paredes J, Bartroli M, Brugal MT, Espelt A. Cancer and Alcohol Consumption in People Aged 50 Years or More in Europe. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:317-324. [PMID: 29272361 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To estimate the prevalence of hazardous drinking in individuals aged 50 and older who had or had had cancer in 17 European countries and Israel and to analyze the factors associated with their consumption. Methods Cross-sectional study based on data from 2011 to 2013 SHARE surveys. A total of 69,509 individuals aged 50 or more from 17 European countries and Israel participated in the study. Prevalence of hazardous drinking in people with cancer was estimated (adapting the SHARE questionnaire to the AUDIT-C). To ascertain whether type of cancer or time since diagnosis were associated with hazardous drinking, Poisson regression models with robust variance were estimated, obtaining prevalence ratios (PR). Results Overall, 5.4% of participants reported having been diagnosed with cancer. Prevalence of hazardous drinking in people with cancer was 18% in women and 23% in men. After adjusting for various socioeconomic and health variables, no significant differences were observed between hazardous drinking and type of cancer [PR = 0.99 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.83-1.17) in people with alcohol-related cancers compared to non-alcohol related cancers] and time since diagnosis [PR = 1.01 (95% CI = 0.82-1.25) in people with a cancer diagnosed >5 years ago compared to those diagnosed ≤5 years ago]. Significant differences were found between hazardous drinking and smoking status and self-perceived health. Conclusion In total, 20% of people diagnosed with cancer were hazardous drinkers, despite the known relationship between alcohol use and a worse prognosis of the disease and an increased likelihood of recurrence. Short Summary Overall, 20% of people diagnosed with cancer were hazardous drinkers. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of hazardous drinking depending on the type of cancer (alcohol-related versus non-alcohol related cancers). Highest prevalence of hazardous drinking in people with cancer is found in smokers and people with good self-perceived health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bosque-Prous
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Carrer Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenny Mendieta-Paredes
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Bartroli
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Carrer Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Brugal
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Carrer Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC), Av. Universitària, Manresa, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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Villalbí JR, Espelt A, Suelves JM, Bosque-Prous M, Bartroli M, Brugal MT. A population based perspective of twenty years of specialized ambulatory treatment for alcohol use disorders in publicly financed clinics. Barcelona 1996-2015. J Subst Abuse Treat 2018; 92:11-16. [PMID: 30032939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide information on persons treated for alcohol use disorders (AUD) over 20 years in a large city in a Southern European country and its trends, adding knowledge on the frequency of treatment from a population perspective. METHODS This is a study of the number of annual admissions to ambulatory addiction treatment centers funded by the public sector in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) for the years 1996-2015. Descriptive analyses of AUD admissions were conducted, comparing changes in the number of patients entering treatment by different independent variables across periods. For city residents, sex and age-specific population annual treatment initiation rates were estimated. RESULTS The number of ambulatory admissions to AUD treatment increased over the study period. There were about 2100 treatment admissions per year in 2011-2015, of which one fourth were women. About half of these patients had never been treated before for any substance use disorder. Annual rates of treatment initiation among city residents were 208 and 68 per 100,000 people aged 15 and older for men and women respectively, almost the double among 45-54 years old citizens. Rates of total AUD treatment admission increased moderately, but declined among younger adult men. CONCLUSIONS These figures provide a basic population-based estimation for formal AUD treatment use in a Southern European urban setting with services available free of charge. The development of ambulatory publicly funded addiction centers may have improved access to treatment for people with AUD. age-related changes in treatment admissions may either be related to trends in the population pattern of drinking or to changes in the city demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan R Villalbí
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Trabajo sobre Alcohol (GTOH), Sociedad Española de Epidemiología, C/ Marina 27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Trabajo sobre Alcohol (GTOH), Sociedad Española de Epidemiología, C/ Marina 27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC), Av. Universitària, 46, 08242 Manresa, Spain.
| | - Josep M Suelves
- Grupo de Trabajo sobre Alcohol (GTOH), Sociedad Española de Epidemiología, C/ Marina 27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, C/ Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Trabajo sobre Alcohol (GTOH), Sociedad Española de Epidemiología, C/ Marina 27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Bartroli
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Brugal
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Trabajo sobre Alcohol (GTOH), Sociedad Española de Epidemiología, C/ Marina 27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
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Bosque-Prous M, Brugal MT. [Harm reduction interventions in drug users: current situation and recommendations]. Gac Sanit 2018; 30 Suppl 1:99-105. [PMID: 27837802 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Harm reduction encompasses interventions, programmes and policies that seek to reduce the negative consequences of the consumption of both legal and illegal drugs on the individual and public health. Harm reduction looks to mitigate the harm suffered by drug users through drug use monitoring and prevention, and promotes initiatives that respect and protect the human rights of this population. The harm reduction policies that have proven effective and efficient are: opioid substitution maintenance therapy (methadone); needle and syringe exchange programmes; supervised drug consumption rooms; and overdose prevention through peer-based naloxone distribution. In order to be effective, these policies must have comprehensive coverage and be implemented in areas where the target population is prevalent. Resident-based opposition to the implementation of these policies is known as the NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) phenomenon, which is characterised by being against the implementation of new measures in a particular place, but does not question their usefulness. Given that any NIMBY phenomenon is a complex social, cultural and political phenomenon, it is important to conduct a thorough analysis of the situation prior to implementing any of these measures. Harm reduction policies must be extended to other substances such as alcohol and tobacco, as well as to other conditions beyond infectious/contagious diseases and overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bosque-Prous
- Agencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España
| | - María Teresa Brugal
- Agencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España.
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O'Brien KS, Forrest W, Greenlees I, Rhind D, Jowett S, Pinsky I, Espelt A, Bosque-Prous M, Sonderlund AL, Vergani M, Iqbal M. Alcohol consumption, masculinity, and alcohol-related violence and anti-social behaviour in sportspeople. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:335-341. [PMID: 29338922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is no research examining alcohol-related aggression and anti-social behaviour in UK or European sportspeople (athletes), and no research has examined relationships between masculinity, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related aggression and antisocial behaviour in sportspeople (athletes). This study addresses this gap. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS A sample (N=2048; women=892, 44%) of in season sportspeople enrolled at UK universities (response 83%), completed measures of masculinity, alcohol consumption, within-sport (on-field) violence, and having been the perpetrator and/or victim of alcohol-related violent/aggressive and antisocial behaviour (e.g., hit/assaulted, vandalism, sexual assault). Logistic regressions examined predictors of alcohol-related violence/aggression and anti-social behaviours. RESULTS Significant bivariate relationships between masculinity, within-sport violence, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related aggression and anti-social behaviour were found for both men and women (p's<.001). Logistic regression adjusting for all variables showed that higher levels of masculinity and alcohol consumption in men and women were related to an increased odds of having conducted an aggressive, violent and/or anti-social act in the past 12 months when intoxicated. Odds ratios were largest for relationships between masculinity, alcohol consumption, within-sport violence, and interpersonal violence/aggression (p's<.001). A similar pattern of results was found for having been the victim of aggression and anti-social behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol-related aggression and anti-social behaviour appear to be problematic in UK university sportspeople, and is related to masculinity and excessive drinking. Interventions that reduce excessive alcohol consumption, masculine norms and associated within-sport violence, could be effective in reducing alcohol-related aggression and antisocial behaviour in UK sportspeople.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Forrest
- School of Social Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Iain Greenlees
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, UK
| | - Daniel Rhind
- Brunel Centre for Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Brunel University, UK
| | - Sophia Jowett
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
| | - Ilana Pinsky
- The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, USA
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Molist G, Brugal MT, Barrio G, Mesías B, Bosque-Prous M, Parés-Badell O, de la Fuente L. Effect of ageing and time since first heroin and cocaine use on mortality from external and natural causes in a Spanish cohort of drug users. Int J Drug Policy 2017; 53:8-16. [PMID: 29268239 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the effect of ageing and time since first heroin/cocaine use on cause-specific mortality risk and age disparities in excess mortality among heroin (HUs) and cocaine users (CUs) in Spain. METHODS A cohort of 15,305 HUs and 11,905 CUs aged 15-49 starting drug treatment during 1997-2007 in Madrid and Barcelona was followed until December 2008. Effects of ageing and time since first heroin/cocaine use were estimated using a competing risk Cox model and the relative and absolute excess mortality compared to the general population through directly age-sex standardized rate ratios (SRRs) and differences (SRDs), respectively. RESULTS Mortality risk from natural causes increased with time since first heroin use, whereas that from overdose declined after having peaked in the first quinquennium. Significant effects of time since first cocaine use were not identified, although fatal overdose risk seemed higher in CUs after five years. Mortality risk from natural causes (HUs and CUs), injuries (HUs), and overdoses (CUs) increased with age, the latter without reaching statistical significance. Crude mortality rates from overdoses and injuries remained very high at age 40-59 among both HUs (595 and 217 deaths/100,000 person-years, respectively) and CUs (191 and 88 deaths/100,000 person-years). SRDs from all and natural causes were much higher at age 40-59 than 15-29 in both HUs (2134 vs. 834 deaths/100,000 person-years) and CUs (927 vs. 221 deaths/100,000 person-years), while the opposite occurred with SRRs. CONCLUSION The high mortality risk among HUs and CUs at all ages from both external and natural causes, and increased SRDs with ageing, suggest that high-level healthcare and harm reduction services should be established early and maintained throughout the lifetime of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Molist
- Área de Recerca i Innovació, Hospital General de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Brugal
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Barrio
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oleguer Parés-Badell
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Luis de la Fuente
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; National Epidemiology Center, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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Espelt A, Bosque-Prous M, Folch C, Sarasa-Renedo A, Majó X, Casabona J, Brugal MT. Is systematic training in opioid overdose prevention effective? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186833. [PMID: 29088247 PMCID: PMC5663400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to analyze the knowledge about overdose prevention, the use of naloxone, and the number of fatal overdoses after the implementation of Systematic Training in Overdose Prevention (STOOP) program. We conducted a quasi-experimental study, and held face-to-face interviews before (n = 725) and after (n = 722) implementation of systematic training in two different samples of people who injected opioids attending harm reduction centers. We asked participants to list the main causes of overdose and the main actions that should be taken when witnessing an overdose. We created two dependent variables, the number of (a) correct and (b) incorrect answers. The main independent variable was Study Group: Intervention Group (IG), Comparison Group (CG), Pre-Intervention Group With Sporadic Training in Overdose Prevention (PREIGS), or Pre-Intervention Group Without Training in Overdose Prevention (PREIGW). The relationship between the dependent and independent variables was assessed using a multivariate Poisson regression analysis. Finally, we conducted an interrupted time series analysis of monthly fatal overdoses before and after the implementation of systematic program during the period 2006–2015. Knowledge of overdose prevention increased after implementing systematic training program. Compared to the PREIGW, the IG gave more correct answers (IRR = 1.40;95%CI:1.33–1.47), and fewer incorrect answers (IRR = 0.33;95%CI:0.25–0.44). Forty percent of people who injected opioids who received a naloxone kit had used the kit in response to an overdose they witnessed. These courses increase knowledge of overdose prevention in people who use opioids, give them the necessary skills to use naloxone, and slightly diminish the number of fatal opioid overdoses in the city of Barcelona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Espelt
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps, Barcelona, Spain
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC), Av. Universitària, Manresa, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Cinta Folch
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (ASPC), Generalitat de Catalunya, Carretera Canyet s/n, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ana Sarasa-Renedo
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps, Barcelona, Spain
- Programa de Epidemiología Aplicada y de Campo (PEAC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Sinesio Delgado, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Majó
- Subdirecció General de Drogodependències, Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Carrer de Roc Boronat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Subdirecció General de Drogodependències, Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Carrer de Roc Boronat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Brugal
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps, Barcelona, Spain
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Bosque-Prous M, Kuipers MAG, Espelt A, Richter M, Rimpelä A, Perelman J, Federico B, Brugal MT, Lorant V, Kunst AE. Adolescent alcohol use and parental and adolescent socioeconomic position in six European cities. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:646. [PMID: 28789626 PMCID: PMC5549347 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many risk behaviours in adolescence are socially patterned. However, it is unclear to what extent socioeconomic position (SEP) influences adolescent drinking in various parts of Europe. We examined how alcohol consumption is associated with parental SEP and adolescents’ own SEP among students aged 14–17 years. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected in the 2013 SILNE study. Participants were 8705 students aged 14–17 years from 6 European cities. The dependent variable was weekly binge drinking. Main independent variables were parental SEP (parental education level and family affluence) and adolescents’ own SEP (student weekly income and academic achievement). Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust variance and random intercept were fitted to estimate the association between adolescent drinking and SEP. Results Prevalence of weekly binge drinking was 4.2% (95%CI = 3.8–4.6). Weekly binge drinking was not associated with parental education or family affluence. However, weekly binge drinking was less prevalent in adolescents with high academic achievement than those with low achievement (PR = 0.34; 95%CI = 0.14–0.87), and more prevalent in adolescents with >€50 weekly income compared to those with ≤€5/week (PR = 3.14; 95%CI = 2.23–4.42). These associations were found to vary according to country, but not according to gender or age group. Conclusions Across the six European cities, adolescent drinking was associated with adolescents’ own SEP, but not with parental SEP. Socio-economic inequalities in adolescent drinking seem to stem from adolescents’ own situation rather than that of their family. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4635-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bosque-Prous
- Agencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Carrer Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mirte A G Kuipers
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Espelt
- Agencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Carrer Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Matthias Richter
- Institute of Medical Sociology (IMS), Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Arja Rimpelä
- School of Health Sciences and PERLA - Tampere Centre for Childhood, Youth and Family Research, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, -33521, Tampere, FI, Finland
| | - Julian Perelman
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, 1600-560, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Federico
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043, Cassino, Italy
| | - M Teresa Brugal
- Agencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Carrer Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent Lorant
- Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, 3016-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Bosque-Prous M, Brugal MT, Lima KC, Villalbí JR, Bartroli M, Espelt A. Hazardous drinking in people aged 50 years or older: a cross-sectional picture of Europe, 2011-2013. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:817-828. [PMID: 27388047 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess gender and age differences in hazardous drinking and to analyse and compare the factors associated with it in men versus women, and in 50 to 64-year-old versus ≥65-year-old people in Europe. METHODS Cross-sectional study with data from 65,955 people aged ≥50 years from 18 countries (SHARE project, 2011-2013). The outcome variable, hazardous drinking, was calculated using an adaptation of the AUDIT-C test. Several individual (sociodemographic, life-style and health factors) and contextual variables (country socioeconomic indicators and alcohol policies) were analysed. The prevalence of hazardous drinking was estimated by each exposure variable. To estimate associations, multilevel Poisson regression models with robust variance were fit, yielding prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of hazardous drinking was 21.5% (95%CI = 21.1-22.0), with substantial differences between countries. The proportion of hazardous drinking was higher in men than in women [26.3%(95%CI = 25.6-27.1); 17.5%(95%CI = 17.0-18.0), respectively], as well as in middle-aged people than in older people [23.6%(95%CI = 23.0-24.3); 19.2%(95%CI = 18.6-19.8), respectively]. At the individual level, associations were found for migrant background, marital status, educational level, tobacco smoking, depression and self-perceived health. At the contextual level, hazardous drinking was associated with gender inequalities in society (only in women) and alcohol advertising regulations (both genders). CONCLUSIONS One in five people aged ≥50 years in the countries studied is a hazardous drinker, with large differences by countries, gender and age group. Interventions and policies aimed at preventing or reducing alcohol use in this population should account for country, gender and age differences, as well as individual characteristics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bosque-Prous
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Brugal
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenio C Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Public Health Program (PPGSCol-UFRN), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Joan R Villalbí
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montse Bartroli
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Fuentes S, Bilal U, Galán I, Villalbí JR, Espelt A, Bosque-Prous M, Franco M, Lazo M. Binge drinking and well-being in European older adults: do gender and region matter? Eur J Public Health 2017; 27:692-699. [PMID: 28431128 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to describe gender and region differences in the prevalence of binge drinking and in the association between binge drinking and well-being, among older adult Europeans. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) wave 4, conducted between 2011 and 2012, including 58 489 individuals aged 50 years or older. Sixteen European countries were grouped in four drinking culture regions: South, Central, North and East. We categorized drinking patterns as: never, former, no-binge and binge drinkers. We used the CASP-12 questionnaire to measure well-being. To assess the association between binge drinking and well-being, we fitted two-level mixed effects linear models. Results The highest percentage of binge drinkers was found in Central Europe (17.25% in men and 5.05% in women) and the lowest in Southern Europe (9.74% in men and 2.34% in women). Former, never and binge drinkers had a significant negative association with well-being as compared with no-binge drinkers. There was a significant interaction in this association by gender and region. Overall, associations were generally stronger in women and in Southern and Eastern Europe. The negative association of binge drinking with well-being was especially strong in Southern European women (β = -3.80, 95% CI: -5.16 to - 2.44, P value <0.001). Conclusion In Southern and Eastern European countries the association between binge drinking and well-being is stronger, especially in women, compared with Northern and Central Europe. Cultural factors (such as tolerance to drunkenness) should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Fuentes
- Area de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Grupo de Epidemiología Social y Cardiovascular, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Madrid, Spain
| | - Usama Bilal
- Area de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Grupo de Epidemiología Social y Cardiovascular, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iñaki Galán
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, National Centre for Epidemiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan R Villalbí
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Franco
- Area de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Grupo de Epidemiología Social y Cardiovascular, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bosque-Prous M, Kunst AE, Brugal MT, Espelt A. Changes in alcohol consumption in the 50- to 64-year-old European economically active population during an economic crisis. Eur J Public Health 2017; 27:711-716. [PMID: 28472296 PMCID: PMC5881701 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to compare alcohol drinking patterns in economically active people aged 50-64 years before the last economic crisis (2006) and during the crisis (2013). Methods Cross-sectional study with data from 25 479 economically active people aged 50-64 years resident in 11 European countries who participated in wave 2 or wave 5 of the SHARE project (2006 and 2013). The outcome variables were hazardous drinking, abstention in previous 3 months and the weekly average number of drinks per drinker. The prevalence ratios of hazardous drinking and abstention, comparing the prevalence in 2013 vs. 2006, were estimated with Poisson regression models with robust variance, and the changes in the number of drinks per week with Poisson regression models. Results The prevalence of hazardous drinking decreased among both men (PR = 0.75; 95%CI = 0.63-0.92) and women (PR = 0.91; 95%CI = 0.72-1.15), although the latter decrease was smaller and not statistically significant. The proportion of abstainers increased among both men (PR = 1.11; 95%CI = 0.99-1.29) and women (PR = 1.18; 95%CI = 1.07-1.30), although the former increase was smaller and not statistically significant. The weekly average number of drinks per drinker decreased in men and women. The decreases in consumption were larger in Italy and Spain. Conclusion From 2006 to 2013, the amount of alcohol consumed by late working age drinkers decreased in Europe, with more pronounced declines in the countries hardest hit by the economic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bosque-Prous
- Agencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton E. Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Teresa Brugal
- Agencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Agencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Jerez-Roig J, Bosque-Prous M, Gine-Garriga M, Bagur-Calafat C, Espelt A. PREVALENCE OF DISABILITY AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS IN EUROPE: A STUDY OF SHARE DATA. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Jerez-Roig
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain,
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l’Educació i de l’Esport Blanquerna; Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain,
| | - M. Bosque-Prous
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain,
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain,
| | - M. Gine-Garriga
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l’Educació i de l’Esport Blanquerna; Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain,
| | - C. Bagur-Calafat
- Departament de Fisioteràpia. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - A. Espelt
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain,
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Jerez-Roig J, Bosque-Prous M, Gine-Garriga M, Bagur-Calafat C, Espelt A. REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN DISABILITY AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER PEOPLE IN EUROPE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Jerez-Roig
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain,
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l’Educació i de l’Esport; Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain,
| | - M. Bosque-Prous
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain,
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain,
| | - M. Gine-Garriga
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l’Educació i de l’Esport; Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain,
| | - C. Bagur-Calafat
- Departament de Fisioteràpia. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Catalunya, Spain
| | - A. Espelt
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain,
- Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain,
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Teixidó-Compañó E, Espelt A, Sordo L, Bravo MJ, Sarasa-Renedo A, Indave BI, Bosque-Prous M, Brugal MT. Differences between men and women in substance use: the role of educational level and employment status. Gac Sanit 2017; 32:41-47. [PMID: 28318754 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine differences between men and women in hazardous drinking, heavy cannabis use and hypnosedative use according to educational level and employment status in the economically active population in Spain. METHOD Cross-sectional study with data from 2013 Spanish Household Survey on Alcohol and Drugs on individuals aged 25-64 [n=14,113 (women=6,171; men=7,942)]. Dependent variables were hazardous drinking, heavy cannabis use and hypnosedative consumption; the main independent variables were educational level and employment situation. Associations between dependent and independent variables were calculated with Poisson regression models with robust variance. All analyses were stratified by sex. RESULTS Hazardous drinking and heavy cannabis use were higher in men, while women consumed more hypnosedatives. The lower the educational level, the greater the gender differences in the prevalence of this substances owing to different consumption patterns in men and women. While men with a lower educational level were higher hazardous drinkers [RII=2.57 (95%CI: 1.75-3.78)] and heavy cannabis users [RII=3.03 (95%CI: 1.88-4.89)] compared to higher educational level, in women the prevalence was the same. Women with a lower education level and men with a higher education level had higher hypnosedative consumption. Unemployment was associated with increased heavy cannabis use and hypnosedative use in both women and men and with lower hazardous drinking only in women. CONCLUSIONS There are differences between men and women in the use of psychoactive substances that can be explained by the unequal distribution of substance use in them according to educational level. Unemployment was associated with substance use in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Teixidó-Compañó
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Luis Sordo
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Bravo
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sarasa-Renedo
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Iciar Indave
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Brugal
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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Espelt A, Marí-Dell'Olmo M, Penelo E, Bosque-Prous M. Applied Prevalence Ratio estimation with different Regression models: An example from a cross-national study on substance use research. Adicciones 2016; 29:105-112. [PMID: 27391846 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the differences between Prevalence Ratio (PR) and Odds Ratio (OR) in a cross-sectional study and to provide tools to calculate PR using two statistical packages widely used in substance use research (STATA and R). METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 41,263 participants of 16 European countries participating in the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The dependent variable, hazardous drinking, was calculated using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C). The main independent variable was gender. Other variables used were: age, educational level and country of residence. PR of hazardous drinking in men with relation to women was estimated using Mantel-Haenszel method, log-binomial regression models and poisson regression models with robust variance. These estimations were compared to the OR calculated using logistic regression models. RESULTS Prevalence of hazardous drinkers varied among countries. Generally, men have higher prevalence of hazardous drinking than women [PR=1.43 (1.38-1.47)]. Estimated PR was identical independently of the method and the statistical package used. However, OR overestimated PR, depending on the prevalence of hazardous drinking in the country. CONCLUSIONS In cross-sectional studies, where comparisons between countries with differences in the prevalence of the disease or condition are made, it is advisable to use PR instead of OR.
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Villalbí JR, Bartroli M, Bosque-Prous M, Guitart AM, Serra-Batiste E, Casas C, Brugal MT. Hacer cumplir las regulaciones sobre venta y consumo del alcohol como prevención ambiental universal. Adicciones 2015. [DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Villalbí JR, Bartroli M, Bosque-Prous M, Guitart AM, Serra-Batiste E, Casas C, Brugal MT. Enforcing regulations on alcohol sales and use as universal environmental prevention. Adicciones 2015; 27:288-293. [PMID: 26706811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The informal social control over alcohol consumption that was traditional in Southern European countries has weakened. At the same time there is an increase in binge drinking and drunkenness among young people in Spain. To mitigate this problem, regulations on alcohol and driving and restrictions on the sale and consumption of alcohol have been adopted. This paper documents the current regulations in the city of Barcelona and describes efforts to enforce them and their outcomes. Data from the municipal information systems on infringements reported for the period 2008-13 are provided. There is an increasing pressure of municipal services to enforce the rules in two areas: a) alcohol sales at night (retailers); and b) consumption in the public space (citizens). An increase in the controls of drink-driving has also taken place, and the proportion above legal limits has decreased. The largest relative increase occurred in the control of retailers. In Barcelona interventions are made to limit the supply and consumption of alcohol at low cost and during the night, and of driving under the influence of alcohol. There have been no documented episodes of massive drinking in public spaces (known as 'botellón') in the city. These actions, which complement other preventive efforts based on health education, can change the social perceptions of alcohol by minors in a direction less favorable to consumption, promoting environmental prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan R Villalbí
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau; Universitat Pompeu Fabra..
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Bosque-Prous M, Espelt A, Borrell C, Bartroli M, Guitart AM, Villalbí JR, Brugal MT. Gender differences in hazardous drinking among middle-aged in Europe: the role of social context and women's empowerment. Eur J Public Health 2015; 25:698-705. [PMID: 25616593 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to estimate the magnitude of gender differences in hazardous drinking among middle-aged people and to analyse whether these differences are associated with contextual factors, such as public policies or socioeconomic factors. METHODS Cross-sectional design. The study population included 50- to 64-year-old residents of 16 European countries who participated in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe project conducted in 2010-12 (n = 26 017). We estimated gender differences in hazardous drinking in each country. To determine whether different social context or women's empowerment variables were associated with gender differences in hazardous drinking, we fitted multilevel Poisson regression models adjusted for various individual and country-level variables, which yielded prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Prevalence of hazardous drinking was significantly higher in men than women [30.2% (95% CI: 29.1-31.4%) and 18.6% (95% CI: 17.7-19.4%), respectively] in most countries, although the extent of these differences varied between countries. Among individuals aged 50-64 years in Europe, risk of becoming a hazardous drinker was 1.69 times higher (95% CI: 1.45-1.97) in men, after controlling for individual and country-level variables. We also found that lower values of the gender empowerment measure and higher unemployment rates were associated with higher gender differences in hazardous drinking. CONCLUSION Countries with the greatest gender differences in hazardous drinking were those with the most restrictions on women's behaviour, and the greatest gender inequalities in daily life. Lower gender differences in hazardous drinking seem to be related to higher consumption among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bosque-Prous
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain 3 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain 4 CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain 5 Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain 3 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain 4 CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montse Bartroli
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M Guitart
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan R Villalbí
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain 3 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain 4 CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Brugal
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Bosque-Prous M, Espelt A, Guitart AM, Bartroli M, Villalbí JR, Brugal MT. Association between stricter alcohol advertising regulations and lower hazardous drinking across European countries. Addiction 2014; 109:1634-43. [PMID: 24690020 DOI: 10.1111/add.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyse the association between alcohol advertising restrictions and the prevalence of hazardous drinking among people aged 50-64 years in 16 European countries, taking into account both individual and contextual-level factors (alcohol taxation, availability, etc.). DESIGN Cross-sectional study based on SHARE project surveys. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 27 773 subjects, aged 50-64 years, from 16 European countries who participated in wave 4 of the SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) project. MEASUREMENTS We estimated the prevalence of hazardous drinking (through adaptation of the SHARE questions to the scheme used by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption (AUDIT-C) for each country. To determine whether the degree of advertising restrictions was associated with prevalence of hazardous drinking, we fitted robust variance multi-level Poisson models, adjusting for various individual and contextual variables. Prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained. FINDINGS The observed prevalence of hazardous drinking was 24.1%, varying by sex and country. Countries with greater advertising restrictions had lower prevalence of hazardous drinking: 30.6% (95% CI = 29.3-31.8) in countries with no restrictions, 20.3% (95% CI = 19.3-21.2) in countries with some restrictions and 14.4% (95% CI = 11.9-16.8) in those with greatest restrictions. The PR found (with respect to countries with greatest restrictions) were 1.36 (95% CI = 0.90-2.06) for countries with some restrictions and 1.95 (95% CI = 1.31-2.91) for those with no advertising restrictions. CONCLUSIONS The extent of advertising restrictions in European countries is associated inversely with prevalence of hazardous drinking in people aged 50-64 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bosque-Prous
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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Bosque-Prous M, Espelt A, Guitart AM, Bartroli M, Villalbí JR, Brugal MT. Response to Jernigan & Ross (2014): Alcohol advertising and hazardous drinkers. Addiction 2014; 109:1645-6. [PMID: 25163710 DOI: 10.1111/add.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bosque-Prous
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
The impact on health of alcohol in a given society is mainly related with the volume and pattern of drinking, and these are related with individual factors, but also with environmental factors, among which public policies are important determinants. Public policies may favour or reduce alcohol use, and thus have a substantial preventive capacity. The effectiveness of policies to prevent the harm caused by alcohol has been reviewed in recent documents, which provide evidence to extract recommendations. This paper reviews the most effective policies to reduce the harm caused by alcohol, with an emphasis in the use of taxes to increase its cost, availability regulation, and policies on drinking and driving. The regulation of alcohol promotion and publicity is also assessed, as well as the detection and treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence. The state of alcohol related policies in Spain is analysed, as well as the obstacles, for the adoption of policies more prone to prevention, and recommendations for the future are made.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Plan for Drugs in Spain (PNSD) fostered the prevention and treatment of illegal drug use disorders, and now also covers alcohol use disorders. The goal of this paper is to estimate the number of persons in specialized treatment because of alcohol in public services. METHODS Review of the key documents of the PNSD, the drug information system of Catalonia, and the Barcelona drug information system. For Catalonia and Barcelona data from 1991 to 2010 are presented. RESULTS In recent years, there has been more information available for Spain as a whole, of varying validity and comprehensiveness. In Catalonia, the number of reported admissions to treatment for alcohol use disorders has risen: alcohol causes yearly over 40% of all admissions in the drug addiction treatment network; mean age is 44 years, and 23% are women. In Barcelona, admissions to treatment due to alcohol are more than 2.000 each year, relative frequency is 217 by 100.000 residents over 15 years for men and 67 for women. CONCLUSIONS Available data shows that for alcohol, the drug information system needs further development in Spain, solving methodological issues. Available data for Catalonia suggests that the network of drug treatment centres has improved treatment for alcohol use disorders along with that of illegal drugs. This information is relevant, as there is almost no population based treatment data. This information should be completed for other Regional Administrations.
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