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Lidberg J, Berne S, Frisén A. From childhood bullying victimization to resilience in emerging adulthood. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:521-532. [PMID: 38174812 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to explore how resilience is manifested in the experiences of emerging adults who were subjected to bullying victimization in school and have high levels of psychological functioning in emerging adulthood. METHODS Fifteen Swedish emerging adults (Mage = 29.13, SD = 0.52) who, despite experiences of bullying victimization at age 10, had high levels of psychological functioning as emerging adults were interviewed. The interviews focused on experiences of bullying victimization and the long-term outcomes of these experiences. Qualitative methods were used in the analysis, with a specific focus on resilience. RESULTS/CONCLUSION The findings illustrate how long-term outcomes of bullying victimization in school, in relation to resilience, comprise a dynamic process between personal agency and social resources in the environmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lidberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Berne
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Frisén
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bogár N, Kővágó P, Túry F. Increased eating disorder frequency and body image disturbance among fashion models due to intense environmental pressure: a content analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1360962. [PMID: 38633033 PMCID: PMC11021945 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1360962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Female fashion models are under intense occupational pressure. The present study focuses on assessing the lived experience of fashion models with regards to their dieting and exercising habits, body image perception, eating disorder-like symptoms, and experience of abuse via self-narrated reports. Methods Series of open questions were distributed among international fashion models (N=84, mean age=23.2 years; mean BMI=16.9) selected by convenience and snowball sampling. Models from 17 countries participated. The questions targeted models' eating, exercising, dieting habits, body image perception, and eating disorder symptoms. The average word count of the transcripts was 2473.9 (SD = 2791.6). Thematic content analysis was performed on the transcripts. A total of 31 codes were created to address disordered eating and body image concerns. Results Negative body-related claims appeared in 89.3%, and positive claims in 64.3% of the models' transcripts. Negative remarks about eating were made by 45.2% of the participants, and 23.8% positively. Control over their food intake was exercised by 78.6% of the participants and 40.5% used extreme calorie restriction. Models who talked more positively about their bodies expressed significantly more frequently extreme calorie restriction. Extreme sports habits occurred in 23.8% of the transcripts, obsessive sports habits were claimed by 11.9% of participants. Self-induced vomiting was prominent in 14.3% of the answers. Criticism from other industry members was experienced by 83.3% of the participants while 44.0% received body appreciation. Body image disorder-like symptoms were expressed by 63.1% of models. Such models mentioned significantly more often content about eating disorders and talked significantly more negatively about eating. Psychological problems were mentioned by 48.8%, whereas 16.7% took part in psychotherapy. Those who partake in therapy mentioned significantly more eating disorder content in their narratives. Abuse was mentioned by 25.0% of the models. Conclusion Fashion models are experiencing increased environmental pressure to conform to the extreme slimness ideal. There is a heightened prevalence of disordered eating and other weight-controlling behaviours among fashion models to succeed in their careers. Qualitative research is crucial in understanding the more subtle dynamics in conforming to and maintaining the thin beauty ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Bogár
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Kővágó
- Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Túry
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Desrivières S, Zhang Z, Robinson L, Whelan R, Jollans L, Wang Z, Nees F, Chu C, Bobou M, Du D, Cristea I, Banaschewski T, Barker G, Bokde A, Grigis A, Garavan H, Heinz A, Bruhl R, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Millenet S, Fröhner J, Smolka M, Vaidya N, Walter H, Winterer J, Broulidakis M, van Noort B, Stringaris A, Penttilä J, Grimmer Y, Insensee C, Becker A, Zhang Y, King S, Sinclair J, Schumann G, Schmidt U. Machine learning models for diagnosis and risk prediction in eating disorders, depression, and alcohol use disorder. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3777784. [PMID: 38352452 PMCID: PMC10862965 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3777784/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study uses machine learning models to uncover diagnostic and risk prediction markers for eating disorders (EDs), major depressive disorder (MDD), and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Utilizing case-control samples (ages 18-25 years) and a longitudinal population-based sample (n=1,851), the models, incorporating diverse data domains, achieved high accuracy in classifying EDs, MDD, and AUD from healthy controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC-ROC [95% CI]) reached 0.92 [0.86-0.97] for AN and 0.91 [0.85-0.96] for BN, without relying on body mass index as a predictor. The classification accuracies for MDD (0.91 [0.88-0.94]) and AUD (0.80 [0.74-0.85]) were also high. Each data domain emerged as accurate classifiers individually, with personality distinguishing AN, BN, and their controls with AUC-ROCs ranging from 0.77 to 0.89. The models demonstrated high transdiagnostic potential, as those trained for EDs were also accurate in classifying AUD and MDD from healthy controls, and vice versa (AUC-ROCs, 0.75-0.93). Shared predictors, such as neuroticism, hopelessness, and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, were identified as reliable classifiers. For risk prediction in the longitudinal population sample, the models exhibited moderate performance (AUC-ROCs, 0.64-0.71), highlighting the potential of combining multi-domain data for precise diagnostic and risk prediction applications in psychiatry.
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de Oliveira Galvão PP, Valente JY, Cogo-Moreira H, Mari JJ, Sanchez ZM. Bullying as a Risk Factor for Eating Disorder Behaviors Among Students: Secondary Analysis for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1404-1414. [PMID: 35325334 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether being a victim of bullying predicted body dissatisfaction and eating disorder behavior (EDB). In this study, we performed secondary analysis from a cluster randomized controlled trial among 5208 eight grade students from 73 public schools in three Brazilian cities. Data were collected in 2019 through an anonymous self-report questionnaire on bullying, body dissatisfaction, and EDB. We used factor analysis, multivariate linear regression, and multinomial logistic regression to verify whether being a victim of bullying during the baseline results in body dissatisfaction and EDB at the nine months follow-up for the control and intervention groups. Our results showed that being female (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.22-1.63) is a risk factor for dissatisfaction by overweight. Bullying was not a predictor of body dissatisfaction; however, being a victim of bullying (β 0.40, 95% CI 0.35-0.46) is a predictor of having more EDB, independent of the exposure to the program. Therefore, bullying deserves attention in the school environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Paiva de Oliveira Galvão
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, sala 404, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04.023-062, Brazil.
| | | | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair J Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, sala 404, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04.023-062, Brazil
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Švecová J, Furstova J, Kaščáková N, Hašto J, Tavel P. The effect of childhood trauma and resilience on psychopathology in adulthood: Does bullying moderate the associations? BMC Psychol 2023; 11:230. [PMID: 37568213 PMCID: PMC10422767 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traumatic events in childhood, including bullying, can negatively affect physical and mental health in adulthood. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of bullying in different sociodemographic groups of the Slovak Republic and to assess the moderating effect of bullying on the associations between childhood trauma, resilience, and the later occurrence of psychopathology. METHODS For the analyses, a representative sample of the population of the Slovak Republic was used (N = 1018, mean age 46.24 years, 48.7% of men). Multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the predictive ability of childhood trauma (The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) and resilience (The Brief Resilience Scale, BRS) to explain psychopathology (The Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI-53). Bullying (The Adverse Childhood Experiences - International Questionnaire, ACE-IQ) was used as a moderator. RESULTS In total, 13.5% of respondents have experienced bullying. The most common form of bullying was making fun of someone because of how their body or face looked (46.7%) and excluding someone from activities or ignoring them (36.5%). Higher scores in all types of psychopathology and the Global Severity Index (GSI) were significantly associated with higher scores of emotional and sexual abuse, and some of them with physical neglect. The protective effect of resilience was moderated by bullying in several types of psychopathology, specifically in somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, psychoticism, and the GSI. CONCLUSION Understanding the links between childhood trauma, bullying, and later psychopathology can help professionals target policies, resources, and interventions to support children and families at risk. Every child should feel accepted and safe at home and school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Švecová
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Furstova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic
| | - Natália Kaščáková
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Heydukova 27, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Hašto
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Heydukova 27, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic
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Wang W, Ding X. A pilot randomized trial of self-compassion writing for young adult women engaged in emotional eating in the context of appearance-related cyberbullying. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1520-1533. [PMID: 37080948 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of a 10-min self-compassion writing in alleviating body dissatisfaction, self-objectification, and emotional eating in young adult women engaged in emotional eating in the context of appearance-related cyberbullying. METHOD A total of 175 Chinese young adult women (Mage = 20.90, SD = 1.65) were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: self-compassion, distraction, or control group. At baseline, participants completed assessments of trait and state body dissatisfaction, trait self-objectification, trait self-compassion, emotional eating, and positive and negative affect. Then they needed to recall an appearance-related cyberbullying victimization experience, after which state body dissatisfaction, state self-objectification, and positive and negative affect were measured. After the intervention, participants completed measures of state body dissatisfaction, state self-objectification, positive and negative affect, state self-compassion, and a food-choosing task. At 1-month follow-up, participants completed measures of trait body dissatisfaction, trait self-objectification, trait self-compassion, and emotional eating. RESULTS At post-intervention, state body dissatisfaction and negative affect were significantly lower, and positive affect was significantly higher in both the self-compassion and distraction groups compared to control. State self-objectification was significantly lower in the self-compassion group than in the other two groups. At 1-month follow-up, the self-compassion group showed significantly lower levels of body dissatisfaction than the control group. DISCUSSION The findings provide initial evidence for the potential of self-compassion writing in reducing state self-objectification and state body dissatisfaction in the context of appearance-related cyberbullying. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Appearance-related cyberbullying, a common phenomenon in social networking sites, has been documented to associate with appearance-related concerns and disordered eating in young adult women. However, effective interventions that can reduce these negative associations are scarce. This study preliminarily found that a brief self-compassion writing could be a potential intervention for reducing state self-objectification and state body dissatisfaction in young adult women who had suffered appearance-related cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Humanities, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfang Ding
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Humanities, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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McGuire FH, Goldbach JT, Senese JG, Cabrera JR, Schrager SM, Duncan AE. Longitudinal association of homonegative school climate with body dysmorphic disorder among cisgender sexual minority adolescents: Testing mediation through proximal minority stressors. Body Image 2023; 45:86-93. [PMID: 36842424 PMCID: PMC10192080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
In a US national cohort study of cisgender sexual minority adolescents (SMAs), we prospectively (1) assessed whether within-person changes in homonegative school climate (i.e., school contextual factors that lead SMAs to feel unsafe or threatened) were associated with risk of probable body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and (2) tested whether internalized homonegativity and negative expectancies mediated this association. Data came from consecutive time points (18-month, 24-month, 30-month) of the Adolescent Stress Experiences over Time Study (ASETS; N = 758). The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire measured probable BDD. Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory subscales measured past 30-day minority stress experiences. Multilevel models were specified with person mean-centered predictor variables to capture within-person effects. Across one year of follow-up, 26.86% screened positive for probable BDD at least once. Model results indicated significant total (risk ratio [RR]=1.43, 95% credible interval [CI]=1.35-1.52) and direct effects (RR=1.18, 95% CI=1.05-1.34) of homonegative school climate. Internalized homonegativity was independently associated with probable BDD (RR=1.28, 95% CI=1.12-1.46) and mediated 49.7% (95% CI=12.4-82.0) of the total effect. There was limited evidence of mediation via negative expectancies. Implementing SMA-protective school policies and targeting internalized homonegativity in clinical practice may reduce the prevalence and incidence of probable BDD among cisgender SMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hunter McGuire
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Jeremy T Goldbach
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - John G Senese
- Center for LGBTQ+ Health Equity, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Juan R Cabrera
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | - Alexis E Duncan
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Lacroix E, Smith AJ, Husain IA, Orth U, von Ranson KM. Normative body image development: A longitudinal meta-analysis of mean-level change. Body Image 2023; 45:238-264. [PMID: 36965235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis synthesized longitudinal data on mean-level change in body image, focusing on the constructs of body satisfaction and dissatisfaction, body esteem, perceived attractiveness, valuation, self-objectification, and body shame. We searched five databases and accessed unpublished data to identify studies that assessed body image at two or more time points over six months or longer. Analyses were based on data from 142 samples representing a total of 128,254 participants. The age associated with the midpoint of measurement intervals ranged from 6 to 54 years. Multilevel metaregression models examined standardized yearly mean change, and the potential moderators of body image construct, gender, birth cohort, attrition rate, age, and time lag. Boys and men showed fluctuations in overall body image with net-improvements between ages 10 and 24. Girls and women showed worsening body image between ages 10 and 16, but improvements between ages 16 and 24. Change was greatest between ages 10 and 14, and stabilized around age 24. We found no effect of construct, birth cohort, or attrition rate. Results suggest a need to revise understandings of normative body image development: sensitive periods may occur somewhat earlier than previously believed, and body image may show mean-level improvements during certain age ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lacroix
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, 38 Dineen Dr., Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Alyssa J Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Incé A Husain
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, 38 Dineen Dr., Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Ulrich Orth
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristin M von Ranson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Cyberbullying victimization and disordered eating behaviors: The mediating roles of self-compassion and self-objectification. Appetite 2022; 178:106267. [PMID: 35961475 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the correlations between cyberbullying victimization and disordered eating behaviors in adolescents, however, limited attention has been paid to the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms, and studies focused on young adults are scarce. This study explored the association between cyberbullying victimization and disordered eating behaviors and the underlying mechanisms in a sample of young adults using a longitudinal design. A total of 955 Chinese young adults completed the Cyber Victim Subscale of the Cyber Victim and Bullying Scale, the Self-surveillance Subscale of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, the Self-compassion Scale-Short Form, and the Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire three times with a 3-months interval. The results indicated that cyberbullying victimization was positively correlated with emotional eating and external eating after six months, but not with restrained eating. Moreover, self-compassion and self-objectification mediated the associations between cyberbullying victimization and the three kinds of disordered eating behaviors, however, in different ways. In the associations of cyberbullying victimization with restrained eating and external eating, the independent mediating effect of self-objectification and the serial mediating effect were significant, while in the association between cyberbullying victimization and emotional eating, only the independent mediating effect of self-compassion was significant. The findings indicated that the relations between cyberbullying with different kinds of disordered eating behaviors might have different mediation mechanisms, which sheds light on the prevention and intervention for disordered eating behaviors associated with cyberbullying in the future.
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Day S, Bussey K, Trompeter N, Mitchison D. The Impact of Teasing and Bullying Victimization on Disordered Eating and Body Image Disturbance Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:985-1006. [PMID: 33461439 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020985534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period in which disordered eating and negative body image are highly prevalent, yet their risk factors are insufficiently understood and targeted. Despite research implicating both teasing and bullying victimization in the development of eating disorders, these strands of research are yet to be integrated. This systematic review hence aimed to identify whether teasing and bullying victimization are associated with greater risk of eating disorders and body image disturbance for adolescents. Systematic searches of PsycINFO and PubMed databases identified 79 papers that included quantitative analyses of the relationship between weight-related or nonspecific teasing or bullying victimization and disordered eating or body image disturbance. Overall, studies indicated that adolescents who are teased or bullied are more likely to experience disordered eating and negative body image compared to nonvictimized adolescents. This was more consistently observed in cross-sectional studies than in longitudinal findings. We identify several methodological limitations of the literature, including the infrequent consideration of potential mediating and moderating variables. Finally, we outline future directions such as temporal sequencing of the complex interrelationships among teasing and bullying, disordered eating, and body image disturbance in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Day
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kay Bussey
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nora Trompeter
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- School of Medicine, Blacktown Clinical School, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Dunn CP, Riley JB, Hawkins KB, Tercyak KP. Factors Associated With Disordered Eating Behavior Among Adolescent Girls: Screening and Education. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13:21501319211062673. [PMID: 34986701 PMCID: PMC8744207 DOI: 10.1177/21501319211062673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Objectives: An unhealthy relationship with food can lead to disordered eating in
adolescence, highlighting the importance of screening. This study describes
the frequency of disordered eating behavior among female adolescents, as
well as associated characteristics and health behaviors. Methods: Data are from a multidimensional risk factor screening survey administered at
a university medical center’s adolescent clinic from 2016 to 2018. The
instrument was adapted from existing screening tools such as the Rapid
Assessment for Adolescent Preventive Services (RAAPS), the American Medical
Association’s Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (GAPS), and the
Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Analysis was limited to self-reported
responses provided by females aged 10 to 21 years (N = 915). Statistical
analyses included chi-square tests and independent sample
T-tests. Results: Of the N = 915 females who reported on disordered eating behavior, n = 57
(6.2%) had engaged in some form of disordered eating behavior within the
past 12 months. Disordered eating was significantly associated
(P < .001) with not consistently wearing a helmet
while biking, having tried e-cigarettes, being bullied in the past 30 days,
having an adverse childhood experience (ACE), and being African American
(P = .005). Subgroup analysis of the relationship
between disordered eating and bullying, by race, yielded significant
findings: disordered eating was more highly associated with being bullied in
the past 30 days among African American females (P = .038).
The relationship between disordered eating and ACE was also significant
(P < .001) among Caucasian girls when stratified by
race. Conclusions: Adolescent risk behaviors often co-occur, and disordered eating behavior may
be differentially observed by race. Findings highlight the importance of
education and screening to prevent the development of disordered eating, and
identify those who may be struggling. These results can be useful to
community health education and in healthcare to develop and implement health
promotion and eating disorder prevention strategies. Further studies are
needed to assess additional factors that promote or protect against
disordered eating to improve prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P Dunn
- Georgetown University School of Nursing and Health Studies, Washington, DC, USA.,Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joan B Riley
- Georgetown University School of Nursing and Health Studies, Washington, DC, USA
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Lucibello KM, Koulanova A, Pila E, Brunet J, Sabiston CM. Exploring adolescent girls' experiences of body talk in non-aesthetic sport. J Adolesc 2021; 89:63-73. [PMID: 33873102 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Body image concerns may contribute to poor sport experiences and low sport participation in girls. Objectification theory and evidence from studies in non-sport contexts suggests body talk may elicit an environment that fosters negative body image. However, the phenomenon of body talk within adolescent girls sport is not well-understood from an in-depth person-centered perspective. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore adolescent girl athletes' experiences of body talk within sport. METHODS Twenty Canadian girl athletes (ages 14-18 years) enrolled in team-based non-aesthetic sports participated in one semi-structured interview. Using a qualitative description approach, an inductive thematic analysis was used to generate three themes. RESULTS "Body talk as a performance tactic" highlighted complimentary and negative body talk pertaining to sport performance came from coaches, opposing players, and parents. "Casual conversations and body talk" reflected body talk from teammates and male spectators that was not specific to sport but occurred in the sport context. "Coping with body talk" reflected strategies athletes used to combat negative body talk from teammates, and reflected the athletes' perceptions that negativity towards the body is normative. CONCLUSIONS Body talk served many purposes within sport; researchers should further explore the diverse motivations and perceived utility of body talk across sport stakeholders. Creating standardized resources and policies to eliminate body talk may foster more positive and supportive sport experiences for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyona Koulanova
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Pila
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Brunet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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