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Furukawa S, Tsuji N, Hayashi S, Kuroda Y, Kimura M, Kojima C, Takeuchi K. Effects of cyclophosphamide on rat placental development. J Toxicol Pathol 2023; 36:159-169. [PMID: 37577367 PMCID: PMC10412958 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2022-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the morphological effects of cyclophosphamide (CPA) on placental development in pregnant rats. CPA was administered as a single dose to pregnant rats intraperitoneally at 0 mg/kg (the control group), 25 mg/kg on gestation day (GD) 12 (the CPA GD 12-treated group), and 25 mg/kg on GD 14 (the CPA GD 14-treated group). The fetal and placental weight decreased in the CPA-treated groups, complete fetal resorption from GD 17 onwards in the CPA GD 12-treated group, and external malformations in the CPA GD 14-treated group. Histopathologically, CPA induced apoptosis and/or cell proliferation inhibition in each part of the placenta. In the labyrinth zone, syncytiotrophoblasts were selectively reduced, resulting in a small placenta. In the basal zone, the number of spongiotrophoblasts was reduced, resulting in hypoplasia of glycogen cell islands. In addition, a small number of interstitial trophoblasts invaded the metrial gland from the basal zone on GD 15. The severity of these lesions was higher in the CPA GD 12-treated group than in the CPA GD 14-treated group. In the metrial gland, although the number of uterine natural killer cells was reduced, metrial gland development was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furukawa
- Planning and Development Department, Nissan Chemical
Corporation, 2-5-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-6119, Japan
| | - Naho Tsuji
- Planning and Development, Agricultural Chemical Division,
Nissan Chemical Corporation, 2-5-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-6119, Japan
| | - Seigo Hayashi
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical
Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kuroda
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical
Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical
Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Chisato Kojima
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical
Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takeuchi
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical
Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
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Clinical Updates in the Management of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL). CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-022-00328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li R, Wang TY, Xu X, Emery OM, Yi M, Wu SP, DeMayo FJ. Spatial transcriptomic profiles of mouse uterine microenvironments at pregnancy day 7.5†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:529-545. [PMID: 35357464 PMCID: PMC9382390 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine dysfunctions lead to fertility disorders and pregnancy complications. Normal uterine functions at pregnancy depend on crosstalk among multiple cell types in uterine microenvironments. Here, we performed the spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA-seq assays to determine local gene expression profiles at the embryo implantation site of the mouse uterus on pregnancy day 7.5 (D7.5). The spatial transcriptomic annotation identified 11 domains of distinct gene signatures, including a mesometrial myometrium, an anti-mesometrial myometrium, a mesometrial decidua enriched with natural killer cells, a vascular sinus zone for maternal vessel remodeling, a fetal-maternal interface, a primary decidual zone, a transition decidual zone, a secondary decidual zone, undifferentiated stroma, uterine glands, and the embryo. The scRNA-Seq identified 12 types of cells in the D7.5 uterus including three types of stromal fibroblasts with differentiated and undifferentiated markers, one cluster of epithelium including luminal and glandular epithelium, mesothelium, endothelia, pericytes, myelomonocytic cell, natural killer cells, and lymphocyte B. These single-cell RNA signatures were then utilized to deconvolute the cell-type compositions of each individual uterine microenvironment. Functional annotation assays on spatial transcriptomic data revealed uterine microenvironments with distinguished metabolic preferences, immune responses, and various cellular behaviors that are regulated by region-specific endocrine and paracrine signals. Global interactome among regions is also projected based on the spatial transcriptomic data. This study provides high-resolution transcriptome profiles with locality information at the embryo implantation site to facilitate further investigations on molecular mechanisms for normal pregnancy progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Tian-yuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics Supportive Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Olivia M Emery
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - MyeongJin Yi
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Correspondence: Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T. W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Tel: +9842873987; E-mail:
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Elia A, Georgiades P. Investigation of the pregnancy-induced muscle bundle dispersal of the inner myometrium of adult mouse uterus and its relationship to the metrial gland/MLAp. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 584:66-72. [PMID: 34768084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the adult uterus of mice, rats and humans, the initially closely packed muscle bundles of the inner myometrium (muscular tissue that encircles the endometrium where the conceptus implants) undergo a pregnancy-induced dispersal that is clinically significant and hypothesized to regulate important pregnancy events. However, where, when and how this dispersal occurs, what its functions are, as well as its spatial relationship to the mouse metrial gland/mesometrial lymphoid aggregate of pregnancy (MG/MLAp), are unknown. The MG/MLAp, is a pregnancy-induced uterine structure required for successful rodent pregnancy located mesometrial to (above) the decidua basalis (pregnancy-modified mesometrial endometrium) and defined by its accumulation of maternal lymphocytes known as uterine Natural Killer (uNK) cells. To begin to understand how mouse inner myometrium dispersal (IMD) occurs, we spatiotemporally described it by observing the distribution of its muscle bundles and measuring their volume fraction (VF), as well as the VF of uNKs and stromal cells of inner myometrium. We discovered that (a) IMD (defined as reduction in VF of inner myometrium muscle bundles) is restricted to the mesometrial half of the uterus, is first evident at Embryonic day (E) 5.5 (early postimplantation) but not at E3.5 (preimplantation), further increases between E6.5 and E7.5 and remains unchanged from E7.5 to E10.5, (b) IMD initiation (observed between E3.5 and E5.5) occurs in the absence of uNKs and is associated with VF increases of pre-existing inner myometrium stromal cells and (c) the IMD observed between E6.5 and E7.5 is not associated with VF increases of uNKs or stromal cells. To get functional clues about IMD, we examined whether stromal cells between the dispersed muscle bundles undergo decidualization (important for correct fetomaternal interactions) and provide evidence that they do by E10.5, based on their production of Desmin (decidualization marker). Lastly, we examined whether mouse MG/MLAp only comprises the dispersed inner myometrium or additionally includes the mesometrial triangle (a triangular-like area mesometrial to the inner myometrium at the mesometrium-uterus attachment site), as is the case in rats. Our data supports that the dispersed inner myometrium is the only tissue that makes up the mouse MG/MLAp. In conclusion, we provide novel cellular and spatiotemporal insights about IMD that will contribute to understanding its mechanism and function and allow more informed inter-species comparisons about this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Elia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, 2109, Aglandjia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Pantelis Georgiades
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, 2109, Aglandjia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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5
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Elmore SA, Cochran RZ, Bolon B, Lubeck B, Mahler B, Sabio D, Ward JM. Histology Atlas of the Developing Mouse Placenta. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 50:60-117. [PMID: 34872401 PMCID: PMC8678285 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211042270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of the mouse as a model organism is common in translational research. This mouse-human similarity holds true for placental development as well. Proper formation of the placenta is vital for development and survival of the maturing embryo. Placentation involves sequential steps with both embryonic and maternal cell lineages playing important roles. The first step in placental development is formation of the blastocyst wall (approximate embryonic days [E] 3.0-3.5). After implantation (∼E4.5), extraembryonic endoderm progressively lines the inner surface of the blastocyst wall (∼E4.5-5.0), forming the yolk sac that provides histiotrophic support to the embryo; subsequently, formation of the umbilical vessels (∼E8.5) supports transition to the chorioallantoic placenta and hemotrophic nutrition. The fully mature ("definitive") placenta is established by ∼E12.5. Abnormal placental development often leads to embryonic mortality, with the timing of death depending on when placental insufficiency takes place and which cells are involved. This comprehensive macroscopic and microscopic atlas highlights the key features of normal and abnormal mouse placental development from E4.5 to E18.5. This in-depth overview of a transient (and thus seldom-analyzed) developmental tissue should serve as a useful reference to aid researchers in identifying and describing mouse placental changes in engineered, induced, and spontaneous disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Elmore
- National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert Z Cochran
- National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Beth Lubeck
- National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Beth Mahler
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David Sabio
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jerrold M Ward
- Global Vet Pathology, Montgomery Village, MD, USA *Co-first authors
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Stenhouse C, Seo H, Wu G, Johnson GA, Bazer FW. Insights into the Regulation of Implantation and Placentation in Humans, Rodents, Sheep, and Pigs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1354:25-48. [PMID: 34807435 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Precise cell-specific spatio-temporal molecular signaling cascades regulate the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Importantly, the mechanisms regulating uterine receptivity, conceptus apposition and adhesion to the uterine luminal epithelia/superficial glandular epithelia and, in some species, invasion into the endometrial stroma and decidualization of stromal cells, are critical prerequisite events for placentation which is essential for the appropriate regulation of feto-placental growth for the remainder of pregnancy. Dysregulation of these signaling cascades during this critical stage of pregnancy can lead to pregnancy loss, impaired growth and development of the conceptus, and alterations in the transplacental exchange of gasses and nutrients. While many of these processes are conserved across species, significant variations in the molecular mechanisms governing maternal recognition of pregnancy, conceptus implantation, and placentation exist. This review addresses the complexity of key mechanisms that are critical for the establishment and maintenance of a successful pregnancy in humans, rodents, sheep, and pigs. Improving understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing these processes is critical to enhancing the fertility and reproductive health of humans and livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stenhouse
- Department of Animal Science and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Heewon Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Department of Animal Science and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Ishikawa W, Kazama S, Suzuki T, Yamana R, Miyazaki Y, Tanaka K, Usami M, Takizawa T. L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, increases the protein expression of both executioner and inhibitor of apoptosis in the placental bed of mid-to-late pregnant rats. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2021; 61:183-187. [PMID: 33877713 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in apoptosis was examined in the placental bed of mid-to-late pregnant rats. Pregnant rats were treated with l-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, by subcutaneous infusion for 48 hours before the examination at day 13.5, 17.5, or 21.5. l-NAME induced apoptosis in the placental bed to a limited extent at days 13.5 and 17.5, but not at day 21.5. When the placental bed was examined at day 17.5, the protein expression of both executioner (C-Cas3) and inhibitor (XIAP) of apoptosis was increased by l-NAME, but they did not co-localized with apoptosis. It was presumed that placental bed apoptosis induced by l-NAME is regulated through the expression of both executioner and inhibitor, possibly involving protein S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shugo Kazama
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takehito Suzuki
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Rei Yamana
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoko Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Makoto Usami
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takizawa
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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Sexually dimorphic effects of forkhead box a2 (FOXA2) and uterine glands on decidualization and fetoplacental development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23952-23959. [PMID: 32900950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014272117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glands of the uterus are essential for pregnancy establishment. Forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) is expressed specifically in the glands of the uterus and a critical regulator of glandular epithelium (GE) differentiation, development, and function. Mice with a conditional deletion of FOXA2 in the adult uterus, created using the lactotransferrin iCre (Ltf-iCre) model, have a morphologically normal uterus with glands, but lack FOXA2-dependent GE-expressed genes, such as leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Adult FOXA2 conditional knockout (cKO; Ltf iCre/+ Foxa2 f/f ) mice are infertile due to defective embryo implantation arising from a lack of LIF, a critical implantation factor of uterine gland origin. However, intraperitoneal injections of LIF can initiate embryo implantation in the uterus of adult FOXA2 cKO mice with pregnancies maintained to term. Here, we tested the hypothesis that FOXA2-regulated genes in the uterine glands impact development of the decidua, placenta, and fetus. On gestational day 8.5, the antimesometrial and mesometrial decidua transcriptome was noticeably altered in LIF-replaced FOXA2 cKO mice. Viable fetuses were reduced in FOXA2 cKO mice on gestational days 12.5 and 17.5. Sex-dependent differences in fetal weight, placenta histoarchitecture, and the placenta and metrial gland transcriptome were observed between control and FOXA2 cKO mice. The transcriptome of the placenta with a female fetus was considerably more altered than the placenta with a male fetus in FOXA2 cKO dams. These studies reveal previously unrecognized sexually dimorphic effects of FOXA2 and uterine glands on fetoplacental development with potential impacts on offspring health into adulthood.
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Travis OK, White D, Baik C, Giachelli C, Thompson W, Stubbs C, Greer M, Lemon JP, Williams JM, Cornelius DC. Interleukin-17 signaling mediates cytolytic natural killer cell activation in response to placental ischemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R1036-R1046. [PMID: 32320265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00285.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T-helper (TH)17s, IL-17, and cytolytic natural killer cells (cNKs) are increased in preeclampsia and contribute to the hypertension, inflammation, and fetal growth restriction that occurs in response to placental ischemia in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia. As IL-17 stimulates NK cytotoxicity in vitro, we tested the hypothesis that IL-17 inhibition in RUPP rats would decrease cNK activation as a mechanism to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. On gestation day (GD) 14, rats undergoing RUPP received a miniosmotic pump infusing IL-17RC (100 pg/day), a soluble IL-17 receptor (RUPP + IL-17RC). On GD19, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured in normal pregnant (NP), RUPP, and RUPP + IL-17RC rats (n = 10-12/group), animals were euthanized, and blood and tissues were collected for analysis. MAP was 30% higher in RUPP compared with NP (P < 0.0001) and was 12% lower in RUPP + IL-17RC (P = 0.0007 vs. RUPP). Placental cytolytic NK cells were 132% higher in RUPP than in NP (P = 0.04 vs. NP) and were normalized in RUPP + IL-17RC (P = 0.03 vs. RUPP). Placental levels of TNF-α, a cNK-secreted cytokine, and macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α), a cNK chemokine, were higher in RUPP vs. NP and lower after IL-17 blockade. Placental VEGF was lower in RUPP vs. NP and was normalized in RUPP + IL-17RC. In vitro cytolytic activity of RUPP placental NKs was higher compared with NP and was blunted in RUPP + IL-17RC NKs. Finally, both fetal weight and placental weight were lower in RUPP compared with NP, and were improved in RUPP + IL-17RC. These data identify IL-17 as a mediator of cNK activation in response to placental ischemia during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Travis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Dakota White
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Cedar Baik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Chelsea Giachelli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Willie Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Cassandra Stubbs
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mallory Greer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - James P Lemon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jan Michael Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Utero-placental vascular remodeling during late gestation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 20:36-43. [PMID: 32172168 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries and blood vessels within the placenta allows delivery of nutrients to the growing utero-fetal-placental unit. While abnormal remodeling of these vessels is thought to play an important role in syndromes including intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia, there are a lack of studies that have quantified vascular remodeling in normal pregnant rats. Thus, the purpose of this study was to quantify time-dependent remodeling of the utero-placental vasculature during late gestation in normal pregnant rats. METHODS Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Gestational days of 14 and 19 were chosen because this when a large amount of fetal and placental growth occurs. A combined method of perfusion-casting and 3D micro-computed tomography were utilized to construct ex-vivo utero-placental vasculature images. RESULTS Significant spiral artery remodeling occurred between days 14 and 19. Vessel density shifted away from a distribution of smaller to larger diameters by day 19. Total spiral artery area and average diameter were increased by day 19. Moreover, branching and tortuosity of the spiral arteries were greater by day 19. In rodents, spiral arteries feed into the central canal vessels that funnel to sites of exchange. Canal vessel area and diameter were increased by day 19. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports a quantitative method to examine the placental vasculature showing that significant vascular remodeling occurs during late gestation in the utero-placental-fetal unit of the normal pregnant rat. This method may serve as a tool to investigate fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying placental-related diseases in rat models.
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Souza C, Silva J, Ocarino N, Silva C, Gomes L, Assunção G, Silva C, Oliveira K, Serakides R. Efeito do hipotireoidismo materno na expressão espaço-temporal de mediadores imunológicos e população de células natural killers na decídua e na glândula metrial de ratas. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Estudou-se o efeito do hipotireoidismo materno na expressão espaço-temporal de mediadores imunológicos e na população de células natural killers (NK) na decídua e na glândula metrial de ratas durante a gestação. Avaliou-se a detecção imunoistoquímica de interferon γ (IFNγ), do fator inibidor de migração (MIF), da interleucina 15 (IL15), do óxido nítrico sintase induzível (iNOS), a marcação com lectina DBA para evidenciação das células NK uterinas DBA+ e a expressão gênica de Ifnγ e Nos2. O hipotireoidismo aumentou o iNOS aos sete dias, a IL15 e o MIF aos 10 e 12 dias, o IFNγ e o MIF aos 14 DG e a expressão dos transcritos gênicos para iNos aos 12 e 19 dias e para Ifnγ aos 14 DG. O hipotireoidismo reduziu a imunomarcação de MIF e lectina DBA aos sete dias, lectina DBA aos 10 e 14 DG, IFNγ aos 12 dias, e a expressão de Ifnγ aos 10 e 19 DG e de iNOS aos 12, 14 e 19 DG, bem como reduziu seus transcritos gênicos aos 10 e 14 DG. Conclui-se que o hipotireoidismo compromete o perfil imunológico na interface materno-fetal ao longo da gestação, particularmente por reduzir o fator anti-inflamatório iNOS e a população de células uNK DBA+.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.A. Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J.F. Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil
| | | | | | - L.A. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Elmore SA, Cesta MF, Crabbs TA, Janardhan KS, Krane GA, Mahapatra D, Quist EM, Rinke M, Schaaf GW, Travlos GS, Wang H, Willson CJ, Wolf JC. Proceedings of the 2019 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:913-953. [PMID: 31645210 PMCID: PMC6911009 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319876929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 2019 annual National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri," was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, at the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's 38th annual meeting. The goal of this symposium was to present and discuss challenging diagnostic pathology and/or nomenclature issues. This article presents summaries of the speakers' talks along with select images that were used by the audience for voting and discussion. Various lesions and topics covered during the symposium included aging mouse lesions from various strains, as well as the following lesions from various rat strains: rete testis sperm granuloma/fibrosis, ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, retro-orbital schwannoma, periductal cholangiofibrosis of the liver and pancreas, pars distalis hypertrophy, chronic progressive nephropathy, and renal tubule regeneration. Other cases included polyovular follicles in young beagle dogs and a fungal blood smear contaminant. One series of cases challenged the audience to consider how immunohistochemistry may improve the diagnosis of some tumors. Interesting retinal lesions from a rhesus macaque emphasized the difficulty in determining the etiology of any particular retinal lesion due to the retina's similar response to vascular injury. Finally, a series of lesions from the International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria Non-Rodent Fish Working Group were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A. Elmore
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark F. Cesta
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Torrie A Crabbs
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Gregory A. Krane
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Debabrata Mahapatra
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin M. Quist
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - George W. Schaaf
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory S. Travlos
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haoan Wang
- West China-Frontier Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cynthia J. Willson
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Wolf
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Sterling, Virginia, USA
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Anatomic pathology data generation in preclinical toxicology evaluation: Troubleshooting and risk management for toxicologists. Toxicol Lett 2019; 314:164-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Furukawa S, Tsuji N, Sugiyama A. Morphology and physiology of rat placenta for toxicological evaluation. J Toxicol Pathol 2018; 32:1-17. [PMID: 30739991 PMCID: PMC6361663 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta plays a pivotal role in fetal growth, and placental dysfunction and injury are associated with embryo/fetal toxicity. Histological examination of the rat placenta for safety evaluation provides valuable clues to the mechanisms of this toxicity. However, the placenta has specific and complex biological features unlike those of other organs, and placental structure dramatically changes depending on the time during the gestation period. Thus, time-dependent histopathological examination of the rat placenta should be performed based on the understanding of normal developmental changes in morphology and function. The placentas of rats and humans are both anatomically classified as discoid and hemochorial types. However, there are differences between rats and humans in terms of placental histological structure, the fetal-maternal interface, and the function of the yolk sac. Therefore, extrapolation of placental toxicity from rats to humans should be done cautiously in the evaluation of risk factors. This review describes the development, morphology, physiology, and toxicological features of the rat placenta and the differences between the rat and human placenta to enable accurate evaluation of reproductive and developmental toxicity in studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furukawa
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Naho Tsuji
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sugiyama
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime794-8555, Japan
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15
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Kumabe S, Sato J, Tomonari Y, Takahashi M, Inoue K, Yoshida M, Doi T, Wako Y, Tsuchitani M. Morphological and immunohistochemical diversity of endometrial stromal sarcoma in rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2018; 31:95-103. [PMID: 29749998 PMCID: PMC5938210 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2017-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the histopathological characteristics of rat endometrial stromal sarcoma
(ESS), we morphologically reviewed 12 malignant uterine tumors protruding into the lumen
in previous rat carcinogenicity studies. The 12 cases were classified into the following 6
types based on their morphological features: spindle cell and collagen rich type,
pleomorphic/spindle cell and compact type, decidual alteration type, histiocytic and
multinucleated giant cell mixture type, Antoni A-type schwannoma type, and Antoni B-type
schwannoma type. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells in all cases exhibited focal or
diffuse positive reactions for vimentin, and 11 of the 12 cases were positive for S-100.
Interestingly, 9 cases were positive for desmin or αSMA, indicating tumor cells expressing
smooth muscle properties. Both Antoni A- and B-type schwannoma types showed low reactions
for both muscle markers. Positive results for estrogen receptor α in the 11 cases
suggested that they were derived from endometrial stromal cells. On the basis of their
immunohistochemical profiles, they were considered to be derived from endometrial stromal
cells while they showed morphological variation. The detection of a basement membrane
surrounding tumor cells might not be a definitive indicator for differential diagnosis of
ESS from malignant schwannoma. In conclusion, ESS could exhibit wide morphological and
immunohistochemical variation including features of schwannoma or smooth muscle tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Kumabe
- Pathology Department, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Junko Sato
- Pathology Department, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Yuki Tomonari
- Pathology Department, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Miwa Takahashi
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inoue
- Food Safety Commission of Japan, 5-2-20 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6122, Japan
| | - Midori Yoshida
- Food Safety Commission of Japan, 5-2-20 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6122, Japan
| | - Takuya Doi
- Pathology Department, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Yumi Wako
- Pathology Department, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuchitani
- Pathology Department, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
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16
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Souza CA, Silva JF, Silva CL, Ocarino NM, Serakides R. Thyroid hormones affect decidualization and angiogenesis in the decidua and metrial gland of rats. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000900017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of thyroid hormone on the decidua and metrial gland of rats and to examine the expression of angiogenic factors. 72 adult, female rats were divided into hypothyroid, T4-treated2, and control groups. At 10, 14 and 19 days of gestation (DG), the decidua and metrial gland were collected for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation of the expression of VEGF, Flk-1 and Tie-2. Hypothyroidism reduced the area of the decidua at 10 and 19 DG. Furthermore, VEGF was increased at 10 and 14 DG, and Flk-1 only at 14 DG, but both was reduced at 19 DG in the metrial gland without significantly changing the area occupied by blood vessels. Rats treated with T4 showed an increase in the decidua blood vessels at 10 and 19 DG. However, at 10 DG, excess T4 resulted in increased of Flk-1 in the decidua and metrial gland. Hypothyroidism increased the Tie-2 at 10 and 19 DG in the decidua and metrial gland. In conclusion, hypothyroidism reduces the area of the decidua and increases the expression of VEGF, Tie-2 and Flk-1. The excess of T4 promotes tissue angiogenesis by increasing the number of vessels in the decidua because of the increased expression of Flk-1.
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17
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Characterization of immune cells and cytokine localization in the rat utero-placental unit mid- to late gestation. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 110:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Dixon D, Alison R, Bach U, Colman K, Foley GL, Harleman JH, Haworth R, Herbert R, Heuser A, Long G, Mirsky M, Regan K, Van Esch E, Westwood FR, Vidal J, Yoshida M. Nonproliferative and proliferative lesions of the rat and mouse female reproductive system. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 27:1S-107S. [PMID: 25516636 PMCID: PMC4253081 DOI: 10.1293/tox.27.1s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicological Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in the female reproductive tract of laboratory rats and mice, with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of some lesions. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous and aging lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. There is also a section on normal cyclical changes observed in the ovary, uterus, cervix and vagina to compare normal physiological changes with pathological lesions. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for female reproductive tract lesions in laboratory animals will decrease confusion among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene Dixon
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National
Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roger Alison
- Roger Alison Ltd, Pathology Consultancy Services, Caerfyrddin
Fach, Cilcennin, Lampeter, SA48 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Bach
- Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Karyn Colman
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis, East
Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Haworth
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12
ODP, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald Herbert
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National
Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anke Heuser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation
Center Basel, Grenzacher Strasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Long
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana,
USA
| | - Michael Mirsky
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton,
Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Eric Van Esch
- InSight Pathology BV, Chopinlaan 6, Oss, The
Netherlands
| | | | - Justin Vidal
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Rey Moreno MC, Fussell KC, Gröters S, Schneider S, Strauss V, Stinchcombe S, Fegert I, Veras M, van Ravenzwaay B. Epoxiconazole-Induced Degeneration in Rat Placenta and the Effects of Estradiol Supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 98:208-21. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karma C. Fussell
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology; BASF SE; Ludwigshafen; Germany
| | - Sibylle Gröters
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology; BASF SE; Ludwigshafen; Germany
| | - Steffen Schneider
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology; BASF SE; Ludwigshafen; Germany
| | - Volker Strauss
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology; BASF SE; Ludwigshafen; Germany
| | - Stefan Stinchcombe
- Department of Product Safety, Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology; BASF SE; Ludwigshafen; Germany
| | - Ivana Fegert
- Department of Product Safety, Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology; BASF SE; Ludwigshafen; Germany
| | - Mariana Veras
- LIM05-Department of Pathology; Laboratory of Environmental Air Pollution; University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo; Brazil
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20
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Cline JM, Dixon D, Ernerudh J, Faas MM, Göhner C, Häger JD, Markert UR, Pfarrer C, Svensson-Arvelund J, Buse E. The placenta in toxicology. Part III: Pathologic assessment of the placenta. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 42:339-44. [PMID: 23531795 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313482207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This short review is derived from the peer-reviewed literature and the experience and case materials of the authors. Brief illustrated summaries are presented on the gross and histologic normal anatomy of rodent and macaque placentas, including typical organ weights, with comments on differences from the human placenta. Common incidental findings, background lesions, and induced toxic lesions are addressed, and a recommended strategy for pathologic evaluation of placentas is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mark Cline
- 1Department of Pathology/Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Creasy D, Bube A, de Rijk E, Kandori H, Kuwahara M, Masson R, Nolte T, Reams R, Regan K, Rehm S, Rogerson P, Whitney K. Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat and mouse male reproductive system. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 40:40S-121S. [PMID: 22949412 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312454337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature and differential diagnosis for classifying microscopic lesions observed in the male reproductive system of laboratory rats and mice, with color microphotographs illustrating examples of some lesions. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available for society members electronically on the Internet (http://goreni.org). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous and aging lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions of the male reproductive system in laboratory animals will decrease confusion among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Creasy
- Huntingdon Life Sciences, East Millstone, New Jersey 08875, USA.
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22
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Furukawa S, Hayashi S, Usuda K, Abe M, Hagio S, Kuroda Y, Ogawa I. Effect of estrogen on rat placental development depending on gestation stage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:695-702. [PMID: 23164498 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined the sequential histopathological changes in the placenta from rats exposed to estrogen. 17 β-estrogiol-3-benzoate was intraperitoneally administered at 100 μg/animal/day during GD 6 to GD 8 (GD6-8 treated group), GD 9 to GD 11 (GD9-11 treated group) and GD 12 to GD 14 (GD12-14 treated group), and the placentas were sampled on GDs 11, 13, 15, 17, and 21. Fetal mortality rates were increased up to approximately 50% in the GD6-8 and 9-11 treated groups, but there was no change of fetal weight on GD 21. An increase in placental weight and a reduction in fetal/placental weight ratio were detected during GD 17 to GD 21 in the GD6-8 treated group. Histopathologically, hypoplasia of metrial gland was detected with defective development of spiral arteries in the GD6-8 and GD9-11 treated groups. A decrease in the thickness of metrial gland was observed from GD 11 onwards in the GD6-8 treated group and from GD 13 onwards in the GD9-11 treated group. The endovascular trophoblasts invaded into the spiral arteries in the deep part of metrial gland in these treated groups. The number of phospho-histone H3 positive cells was decreased on GD 11 or GD 13 in these groups. In the decidua basalis, transitory necrosis was observed with hemorrhage on GD 13 in the GD6-8 and GD9-11 treated groups. In the labyrinth zone, cystic dilatation of the sinusoid was observed with congestion in the GD6-8 treated group, resulting in an increased placental weight. Therefore, we consider that estrogen inhibits the proliferation of decidualized endometrial stromal cells in the metrial gland, and leads to metrial gland hypoplasia with less development of the spiral arteries. The reduced utero-placental blood flow is supposed to be one of the important factors for poor reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furukawa
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 1470 Shiraoka, Saitama 349-0294, Japan.
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23
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Hernández V, Carrera E, Méndez A, Morales JC, Morales E, Sánchez FD. Histopathologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a granular cell tumour in an Australian parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus). Avian Pathol 2012; 41:437-40. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.711463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Golbar HM, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Okamura K, Fujita D, Tagami Y, Sasai H, Yamate J. A collision tumor consisting of granular cell tumor and adenocarcinoma in the uterus of an aged djungarian hamster. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 24:233-7. [PMID: 22319236 PMCID: PMC3266359 DOI: 10.1293/tox.24.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A neoplastic nodular lesion consisting of an admixture of granular cell tumor and
adenocarcinoma was found in the uterus of a 26-month-old Djungarian hamster. Neoplastic
cells of the uterine adenocarcinoma showed an epithelial nature in their growth patterns
and by cytokeratin-immunopositive reaction, exhibiting nuclear pleomorphism. The granular
cells had an abundant amount of fine granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and eccentric or
central nuclei with no nuclear atypia; the granular structures were positive for periodic
acid-Schiff with diastase resistance and were confirmed as lysosomes/autophagosomes by
electron microscopy; immunohistochemically, the cells reacted to desmin, vimentin and
α-smooth muscle actin and negatively for neurogenic, histiocyte/macrophage or epithelial
markers, indicating smooth muscle origin. Because these tumors were generated from
different cell origins, a diagnosis of collision tumor was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossain M. Golbar
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary
Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University,
1-58 Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary
Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University,
1-58 Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary
Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University,
1-58 Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Fujita
- Kitasuma Animal Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo 654-0131,
Japan
| | - Yukari Tagami
- Kitasuma Animal Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo 654-0131,
Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasai
- Kitasuma Animal Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo 654-0131,
Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary
Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University,
1-58 Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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25
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Ward JM, Elmore SA, Foley JF. Pathology methods for the evaluation of embryonic and perinatal developmental defects and lethality in genetically engineered mice. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:71-84. [PMID: 22146849 DOI: 10.1177/0300985811429811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The normal embryonic development of organs and other tissues in mice and all species is preprogrammed by genes. Inactivation of a gene involved in any stage of normal embryonic development can have severe consequences leading to embryonic or postnatal developmental defects and lethality. Pathology methods are reviewed for evaluating normal and abnormal placenta and embryo, especially after E12.5. These methods include pathology protocols for necropsy and histopathology in addition to references that will provide additional knowledge for embryo assessment including histology atlases and advanced embryo imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ward
- Global VetPathology, Montgomery Village, MD 20886, USA.
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26
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Furukawa S, Hayashi S, Usuda K, Abe M, Hagio S, Ogawa I. Effect of cisplatin on rat placenta development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 65:211-7. [PMID: 21924597 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined the sequential histopathological changes in the placenta from rats exposed to cisplatin. Cisplatin was intraperitoneally administered at 2 mg/kg/day during GDs 11-12 (GD11,12-treated group), or GDs 13-14 (GD13,14-treated group), and the placentas were sampled on GDs 13, 15, 17 and 21. Fetal mortality rates were increased up to approximately 65% from GD 17 onward, and fetal weights were decreased on GD 21 in the GD11,12-treated group. A reduction in placental weights was detected from GD 15 onward, and the placentas on GD 21 were macroscopically small and thin in both treated groups. Histopathologically, in the GD13,14-treated group, an increase in apoptotic cells was detected on GDs 15 and 17 in the labyrinth zone, and on GD 21 in the basal zone, resulting in labyrinth zone hypoplasia. By contrast, in the GD11,12-treated group, an increase in apoptotic cells was detected on GDs 13, 15 and 17 in the labyrinth zone, and during the experimental period in the basal zone. A decrease in Phospho-Histone H3 positive cells was detected on GD 13 in the labyrinth zone and basal zone, resulting in hypoplasia of the labyrinth zone and basal zone. In addition, a marked decrease in glycogen cell-islands in the basal zone was also detected on GDs 15 and 17. There was a reduction in interstitial invasion of glycogen cell-like trophoblasts into the metrial gland on GD 15, resulting in metrial gland hypoplasia. Therefore, we consider that cisplatin administration in pregnant rats induces growth arrest of the labyrinth zone and basal zone, leading to small placenta. It is assumed that metrial gland hypoplasia is secondarily induced by the failure of glycogen cell island development associated with basal zone hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furukawa
- Toxicology & Environmental Science Department, Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 1470 Shiraoka, Minamisaitama, Saitama 349-0294, Japan.
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27
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Furukawa S, Hayashi S, Usuda K, Abe M, Hagio S, Ogawa I. Toxicological pathology in the rat placenta. J Toxicol Pathol 2011; 24:95-111. [PMID: 22272049 PMCID: PMC3234607 DOI: 10.1293/tox.24.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta grows rapidly for a short period with high blood flow during pregnancy and
has multifaceted functions, such as its barrier function, nutritional transport, drug
metabolizing activity and endocrine action. Consequently, the placenta is a highly
susceptible target organ for drug- or chemical-induced adverse effects, and many
placenta-toxic agents have been reported. However, histopathological examination of the
placenta is not generally performed, and the placental toxicity index is only the
placental weight change in rat reproductive toxicity studies. The placental cells
originate from the trophectoderm of the embryo and the endometrium of the dam, proliferate
and differentiate into a variety of tissues with interaction each other according to the
development sequence, resulting in formation of a placenta. Therefore, drug- or
chemical-induced placental lesions show various histopathological features depending on
the toxicants and the exposure period, and the pathogenesis of placental toxicity is
complicated. Placental weight assessment appears not to be enough to evaluate placental
toxicity, and reproductive toxicity studies should pay more attention to histopathological
evaluation of placental tissue. The detailed histopathological approaches to investigation
of the pathogenesis of placental toxicity are considered to provide an important tool for
understanding the mechanism of teratogenicity and developmental toxicity with embryo
lethality, and could benefit reproductive toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furukawa
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 1470 Shiraoka, Minamisaitama, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
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28
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Furukawa S, Hayashi S, Usuda K, Abe M, Ogawa I. The impairment of metrial gland development in tamoxifen exposed rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 64:121-6. [PMID: 20692139 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We examined the sequential histopathological changes in the placenta from rats exposed to tamoxifen. Tamoxifen was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 0 and 2 mg/kg/day on gestation days (GDs) 8, 9 and 10, and the placentas were sampled on GDs 11, 13, 15, 17, and 21. The fetal mortality rates in the tamoxifen group were increased up to 56%. However, there were no effects on the weights of live embryos/fetuses and their placentas. Histopathologically, the size of metrial gland in the tamoxifen group was reduced on all sampling times. The spiral arteries appeared less well developed in the hypoplastic metrial gland. A decrease in uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and mitotic uNK cells around the spiral arteries in the metrial gland was detected from GD 13 onward and on GDs 11 and 13, respectively. There were no obvious changes in the labyrinth zone or basal zone. We consider that the anti-estrogen effect of tamoxifen inhibits the proliferation of decidualized endometrial stromal cells in the metrial gland and leads to inhibition of the proliferative activity of uNK cells, followed by defective development of spiral arteries, and metrial gland hypoplasia. It is assumed that the metrial gland hypoplasia might be involved in the tamoxifen-induced embryo/fetus-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furukawa
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 1470 Shiraoka, Minamisaitama, Saitama 349-0294, Japan.
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