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Janneh AH. Sphingolipid Signaling and Complement Activation in Glioblastoma: A Promising Avenue for Therapeutic Intervention. BIOCHEM 2024; 4:126-143. [PMID: 38894892 PMCID: PMC11185840 DOI: 10.3390/biochem4020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive type of malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective treatment options. Therefore, new treatment options are required. Sphingolipids are essential components of the cell membrane, while complement components are integral to innate immunity, and both play a critical role in regulating glioblastoma survival signaling. This review focuses on recent studies investigating the functional roles of sphingolipid metabolism and complement activation signaling in glioblastoma. It also discusses how targeting these two systems together may emerge as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhaji H Janneh
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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2
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Mannes M, Savukoski S, Ignatius A, Halbgebauer R, Huber-Lang M. Crepuscular rays - The bright side of complement after tissue injury. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350848. [PMID: 38794857 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Acute injuries trigger an intense activation of the body's defense mechanisms aiming to limit damage and initiate healing. Among the crucial components of the intravascular immune system, the complement system plays a significant role in traumatic injuries, albeit often negatively. It has been suggested that excessive activation of the complement system, transitioning from a localized and timed response to a systemic one, can lead to a loss of its host-protective characteristics. Complement activation products have been associated with the severity of injuries, which sometimes serve as predictors for the onset of organ dysfunctions. Animal studies utilizing complement-targeting agents have provided the basis for considering complement in the management of traumatic injuries in humans. However, numerous studies suggest that the spatial and temporal aspects of complement inhibition are crucial for its efficacy. Understanding the underlying mechanism of the injury is essential to determine where, when, and whether complement inhibition is warranted. Despite the detrimental effects of uncontrolled complement activation, its regulated activation may contribute to essential aspects of healing, such as waste removal and regeneration. This review focuses on the beneficial roles of complement activation in trauma, which are often overlooked or given less consideration but are of immense importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mannes
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susa Savukoski
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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3
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Saleki K, Alijanizadeh P, Javanmehr N, Rezaei N. The role of Toll-like receptors in neuropsychiatric disorders: Immunopathology, treatment, and management. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1267-1325. [PMID: 38226452 DOI: 10.1002/med.22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders denote a broad range of illnesses involving neurology and psychiatry. These disorders include depressive disorders, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, headaches, and epilepsy. In addition to their main neuropathology that lies in the central nervous system (CNS), lately, studies have highlighted the role of immunity and neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate receptors that act as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems via adaptor proteins (e.g., MYD88) and downstream elements; TLRs are classified into 13 families that are involved in normal function and illnesses of the CNS. TLRs expression affects the course of neuropsychiatric disorders, and is influenced during their pharmacotherapy; For example, the expression of multiple TLRs is normalized during the major depressive disorder pharmacotherapy. Here, the role of TLRs in neuroimmunology, treatment, and management of neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed. We recommend longitudinal studies to comparatively assess the cell-type-specific expression of TLRs during treatment, illness progression, and remission. Also, further research should explore molecular insights into TLRs regulation and related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of e-Learning, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Alijanizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nima Javanmehr
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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4
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Guo J, Zhang QY, Xu L, Li M, Sun QY. Icariin ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via complement C5a-C5aR1 and TLR4 signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111802. [PMID: 38467082 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute respiratory-related progressive disorder, which lacks specific pharmacotherapy. Icariin (ICA) has been shown to be effective in treating ALI. However, the targets and pharmacological mechanisms underlying the effects of ICA in the treatment of ALI are relatively lacking. Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses, the gene functions and potential target pathways of ICA in the treatment of ALI were determined. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of ICA were verified by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, quantitative Real-time PCR, and Western blot in LPS-induced ALI mice. The biological processes targeted by ICA in the treatment of ALI included the pathological changes, inflammatory response, and cell signal transduction. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo experimental results revealed that ICA inhibited the complement C5a-C5aR1 axis, TLR4 mediated NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathways related gene and protein expressions, and decreased inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, adhesion molecule expressions, and mitochondrial apoptosis in LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China; School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qi-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Min Li
- General Ward, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Qian-Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China.
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5
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Bitounis D, Jacquinet E, Rogers MA, Amiji MM. Strategies to reduce the risks of mRNA drug and vaccine toxicity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:281-300. [PMID: 38263456 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
mRNA formulated with lipid nanoparticles is a transformative technology that has enabled the rapid development and administration of billions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine doses worldwide. However, avoiding unacceptable toxicity with mRNA drugs and vaccines presents challenges. Lipid nanoparticle structural components, production methods, route of administration and proteins produced from complexed mRNAs all present toxicity concerns. Here, we discuss these concerns, specifically how cell tropism and tissue distribution of mRNA and lipid nanoparticles can lead to toxicity, and their possible reactogenicity. We focus on adverse events from mRNA applications for protein replacement and gene editing therapies as well as vaccines, tracing common biochemical and cellular pathways. The potential and limitations of existing models and tools used to screen for on-target efficacy and de-risk off-target toxicity, including in vivo and next-generation in vitro models, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Bitounis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Gurubaran IS. Mitochondrial damage and clearance in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102 Suppl 282:3-53. [PMID: 38467968 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a devastating eye disease that causes permanent vision loss in the central part of the retina, known as the macula. Patients with such severe visual loss face a reduced quality of life and are at a 1.5 times greater risk of death compared to the general population. Currently, there is no cure for or effective treatment for dry AMD. There are several mechanisms thought to underlie the disease, for example, ageing-associated chronic oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, harmful protein aggregation and inflammation. As a way of gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind AMD and thus developing new therapies, we have created a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (PGC1α/NFE2L2) double-knockout (dKO) mouse model that mimics many of the clinical features of dry AMD, including elevated levels of oxidative stress markers, damaged mitochondria, accumulating lysosomal lipofuscin and extracellular drusen-like structures in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). In addition, a human RPE cell-based model was established to examine the impact of non-functional intracellular clearance systems on inflammasome activation. In this study, we found that there was a disturbance in the autolysosomal machinery responsible for clearing mitochondria in the RPE cells of one-year-old PGC1α/NFE2L2-deficient mice. The confocal immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase in autophagosome marker microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) as well as multiple mitophagy markers such as PTE-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and E3 ubiquitin ligase (PARKIN), along with signs of damaged mitochondria. However, no increase in autolysosome formation was detected, nor was there a colocalization of the lysosomal marker LAMP2 or the mitochondrial marker, ATP synthase β. There was an upregulation of late autolysosomal fusion Ras-related protein (Rab7) in the perinuclear space of RPE cells, together with autofluorescent aggregates. Additionally, we observed an increase in the numbers of Toll-like receptors 3 and 9, while those of NOD-like receptor 3 were decreased in PGC1α/NFE2L2 dKO retinal specimens compared to wild-type animals. There was a trend towards increased complement component C5a and increased involvement of the serine protease enzyme, thrombin, in enhancing the terminal pathway producing C5a, independent of C3. The levels of primary acute phase C-reactive protein and receptor for advanced glycation end products were also increased in the PGC1α/NFE2L2 dKO retina. Furthermore, selective proteasome inhibition with epoxomicin promoted both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and mitochondrial-mediated oxidative stress, leading to the release of mitochondrial DNA to the cytosol, resulting in potassium efflux-dependent activation of the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome and the subsequent secretion of interleukin-1β in ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, the data suggest that there is at least a relative decrease in mitophagy, increases in the amounts of C5 and thrombin and decreased C3 levels in this dry AMD-like model. Moreover, selective proteasome inhibition evoked mitochondrial damage and AIM2 inflammasome activation in ARPE-19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswariyaraja Sridevi Gurubaran
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Medicine Unit, University of Eastern Finland Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio, Northern Savonia, Finland
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7
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Panebianco M, Ciccarese C, Strusi A, Beccia V, Carbone C, Agostini A, Piro G, Tortora G, Iacovelli R. The Role of the Complement in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma (ccRCC)-What Future Prospects Are There for Its Use in Clinical Practice? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:490. [PMID: 38339243 PMCID: PMC10854780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the first-line available therapeutic options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have radically changed with the introduction into clinical practice of new immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combinations. Many efforts are focusing on identifying novel prognostic and predictive markers in this setting. The complement system (CS) plays a central role in promoting the growth and progression of mRCC. In particular, mRCC has been defined as an "aggressive complement tumor", which encompasses a group of malignancies with poor prognosie and highly expressed complement components. Several preclinical and retrospective studies have demonstrated the negative prognostic role of the complement in mRCC; however, there is little evidence on its possible role as a predictor of the response to ICIs. The purpose of this review is to explore more deeply the physio-pathological role of the complement in the development of RCC and its possible future use in clinical practice as a prognostic and predictive factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Panebianco
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (G.P.); (G.T.)
| | - Chiara Ciccarese
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (G.P.); (G.T.)
| | - Alessandro Strusi
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Viria Beccia
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (G.P.); (G.T.)
| | - Antonio Agostini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (G.P.); (G.T.)
| | - Geny Piro
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (G.P.); (G.T.)
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (G.P.); (G.T.)
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Roberto Iacovelli
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (G.P.); (G.T.)
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (V.B.)
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8
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Iba T, Helms J, Levi M, Levy JH. Thromboinflammation in acute injury: infections, heatstroke, and trauma. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:7-22. [PMID: 37541590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue microcirculation is essential for the maintenance of organ homeostasis. Following acute infections, activation of coagulation and inflammation, which are critical interconnected responses, lead to thromboinflammation and microthrombosis, thereby contributing to multiorgan dysfunction. Sepsis is the most common underlying disease and has been extensively studied. However, the COVID-19 pandemic further illustrated the pathomechanisms of diseases in which thromboinflammation plays a critical role. During thromboinflammation, injury to monocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and endothelial cells, along with coagulation and complement activation, was further characterized. Thrombin is pivotal in orchestrating thrombosis and inflammation and has long been considered a potential therapeutic target in sepsis. Although thromboprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism with heparins is part of standard management for COVID-19, it also potentially attenuates organ dysfunction due to thrombotic sequela. In contrast, the effectiveness of anticoagulation with heparin, antithrombin, or thrombomodulin to reduce mortality has not conclusively been proven in sepsis. Nonetheless, thromboinflammation has also been reported as an important pathophysiologic mechanism in other critical illnesses, including heatstroke, trauma, and ischemia/reperfusion injury, and may provide a potential therapeutic target for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Julie Helms
- Strasbourg University (UNISTRA), Strasbourg University Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Unit - NHC; INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marcel Levi
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), Cardio-metabolic Programme-National Institute for Health and Care Research UCLH/UCL Biomedical Research Centres, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Emami MR, Espinoza A, Young CS, Ma F, Farahat PK, Felgner PL, Chamberlain JS, Xu X, Pyle AD, Pellegrini M, Villalta SA, Spencer MJ. Innate and adaptive AAV-mediated immune responses in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:90-102. [PMID: 37746243 PMCID: PMC10512012 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
High systemic doses of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have been associated with immune-related serious adverse events (SAEs). Although AAV was well tolerated in preclinical models, SAEs were observed in clinical trials, indicating the need for improved preclinical models to understand AAV-induced immune responses. Here, we show that mice dual-dosed with AAV9 at 4-week intervals better recapitulate aspects of human immunity to AAV. In the model, anti-AAV9 immunoglobulin G (IgGs) increased in a linear fashion between the first and second AAV administrations. Complement activation was only observed in the presence of high levels of both AAV and anti-AAV IgG. Myeloid-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly induced in the same pattern as complement activation, suggesting that myeloid cell activation to AAV may rely on the presence of both AAV and anti-AAV IgG complexes. Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells confirmed that activated monocytes were a primary source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which were significantly increased after a second AAV9 exposure. The same activated monocyte clusters expressed both Fcγ and complement receptors, suggesting that anti-AAV-mediated activation of myeloid cells through Fcγ receptors and/or complement receptors is one mechanism by which anti-AAV antigen complexes may prime antigen-presenting cells and amplify downstream immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Emami
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Espinoza
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences – The Collaboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Philip K. Farahat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Philip L. Felgner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - April D. Pyle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S. Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute of Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Melissa J. Spencer
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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10
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West EE, Kemper C. Complosome - the intracellular complement system. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1. [PMID: 37055581 PMCID: PMC10100629 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a recognized pillar of host defence against infection and noxious self-derived antigens. Complement is traditionally known as a serum-effective system, whereby the liver expresses and secretes most complement components, which participate in the detection of bloodborne pathogens and drive an inflammatory reaction to safely remove the microbial or antigenic threat. However, perturbations in normal complement function can cause severe disease and, for reasons that are currently not fully understood, the kidney is particularly vulnerable to dysregulated complement activity. Novel insights into complement biology have identified cell-autonomous and intracellularly active complement - the complosome - as an unexpected central orchestrator of normal cell physiology. For example, the complosome controls mitochondrial activity, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, cell survival and gene regulation in innate and adaptive immune cells, and in non-immune cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial and epithelial cells. These unanticipated complosome contributions to basic cell physiological pathways make it a novel and central player in the control of cell homeostasis and effector responses. This discovery, together with the realization that an increasing number of human diseases involve complement perturbations, has renewed interest in the complement system and its therapeutic targeting. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the complosome across healthy cells and tissues, highlight contributions from dysregulated complosome activities to human disease and discuss potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Kubelkova K, Bostik V, Joshi L, Macela A. Innate Immune Recognition, Integrated Stress Response, Infection, and Tumorigenesis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040499. [PMID: 37106700 PMCID: PMC10135864 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Engagement of PRRs in recognition of PAMPs or DAMPs is one of the processes that initiates cellular stress. These sensors are involved in signaling pathways leading to induction of innate immune processes. Signaling initiated by PRRs is associated with the activation of MyD88-dependent signaling pathways and myddosome formation. MyD88 downstream signaling depends upon the context of signaling initiation, the cell (sub)type and the microenvironment of signal initiation. Recognition of PAMPs or DAMPs through PRRs activates the cellular autonomous defence mechanism, which orchestrates the cell responses to resolve specific insults at the single cell level. In general, stressed endoplasmic reticulum is directly linked with the induction of autophagy and initiation of mitochondrial stress. These processes are regulated by the release of Ca2+ from ER stores accepted by mitochondria, which respond through membrane depolarization and the production of reactive oxygen species generating signals leading to inflammasome activation. In parallel, signaling from PRRs initiates the accumulation of misfolded or inappropriately post-translationally modified proteins in the ER and triggers a group of conserved emergency rescue pathways known as unfolded protein response. The cell-autonomous effector mechanisms have evolutionarily ancient roots and were gradually specialized for the defence of specific cell (sub)types. All of these processes are common to the innate immune recognition of microbial pathogens and tumorigenesis as well. PRRs are active in both cases. Downstream are activated signaling pathways initiated by myddosomes, translated by the cellular autonomous defence mechanism, and finalized by inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Kubelkova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Vanda Bostik
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lokesh Joshi
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Ales Macela
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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12
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Kolev M, Barbour T, Baver S, Francois C, Deschatelets P. With complements: C3 inhibition in the clinic. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:358-375. [PMID: 36161656 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
C3 is a key complement protein, located at the nexus of all complement activation pathways. Extracellular, tissue, cell-derived, and intracellular C3 plays critical roles in the immune response that is dysregulated in many diseases, making it an attractive therapeutic target. However, challenges such as very high concentration in blood, increased acute expression, and the elevated risk of infections have historically posed significant challenges in the development of C3-targeted therapeutics. This is further complicated because C3 activation fragments and their receptors trigger a complex network of downstream effects; therefore, a clear understanding of these is needed to provide context for a better understanding of the mechanism of action (MoA) of C3 inhibitors, such as pegcetacoplan. Because of C3's differential upstream position to C5 in the complement cascade, there are mechanistic differences between pegcetacoplan and eculizumab that determine their efficacy in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. In this review, we compare the MoA of pegcetacoplan and eculizumab in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and discuss the complement-mediated disease that might be amenable to C3 inhibition. We further discuss the current state and outlook for C3-targeted therapeutics and provide our perspective on which diseases might be the next success stories in the C3 therapeutics journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tara Barbour
- Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott Baver
- Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Desai C, Koupenova M, Machlus KR, Sen Gupta A. Beyond the thrombus: Platelet-inspired nanomedicine approaches in inflammation, immune response, and cancer. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1523-1534. [PMID: 35441793 PMCID: PMC9321119 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The traditional role of platelets is in the formation of blood clots for physiologic (e.g., in hemostasis) or pathologic (e.g., in thrombosis) functions. The cellular and subcellular mechanisms and signaling in platelets involved in these functions have been extensively elucidated and new knowledge continues to emerge, resulting in various therapeutic developments in this area for the management of hemorrhagic or thrombotic events. Nanomedicine, a field involving design of nanoparticles with unique biointeractive surface modifications and payload encapsulation for disease-targeted drug delivery, has become an important component of such therapeutic development. Beyond their traditional role in blood clotting, platelets have been implicated to play crucial mechanistic roles in other diseases including inflammation, immune response, and cancer, via direct cellular interactions, as well as secretion of soluble factors that aid in the disease microenvironment. To date, the development of nanomedicine systems that leverage these broader roles of platelets has been limited. Additionally, another exciting area of research that has emerged in recent years is that of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) that can directly and indirectly influence physiological and pathological processes. This makes PEVs a unique paradigm for platelet-inspired therapeutic design. This review aims to provide mechanistic insight into the involvement of platelets and PEVs beyond hemostasis and thrombosis, and to discuss the current state of the art in the development of platelet-inspired therapeutic technologies in these areas, with an emphasis on future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian Desai
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Milka Koupenova
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kellie R. Machlus
- Department of SurgeryVascular Biology ProgramBoston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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14
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Niyonzima N, Rahman J, Kunz N, West EE, Freiwald T, Desai JV, Merle NS, Gidon A, Sporsheim B, Lionakis MS, Evensen K, Lindberg B, Skagen K, Skjelland M, Singh P, Haug M, Ruseva MM, Kolev M, Bibby J, Marshall O, O’Brien B, Deeks N, Afzali B, Clark RJ, Woodruff TM, Pryor M, Yang ZH, Remaley AT, Mollnes TE, Hewitt SM, Yan B, Kazemian M, Kiss MG, Binder CJ, Halvorsen B, Espevik T, Kemper C. Mitochondrial C5aR1 activity in macrophages controls IL-1β production underlying sterile inflammation. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabf2489. [PMID: 34932384 PMCID: PMC8902698 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While serum-circulating complement destroys invading pathogens, intracellularly active complement, termed the “complosome,” functions as a vital orchestrator of cell-metabolic events underlying T cell effector responses. Whether intracellular complement is also nonredundant for the activity of myeloid immune cells is currently unknown. Here, we show that monocytes and macrophages constitutively express complement component (C) 5 and generate autocrine C5a via formation of an intracellular C5 convertase. Cholesterol crystal sensing by macrophages induced C5aR1 signaling on mitochondrial membranes, which shifted ATP production via reverse electron chain flux toward reactive oxygen species generation and anaerobic glycolysis to favor IL-1β production, both at the transcriptional level and processing of pro–IL-1β. Consequently, atherosclerosis-prone mice lacking macrophage-specific C5ar1 had ameliorated cardiovascular disease on a high-cholesterol diet. Conversely, inflammatory gene signatures and IL-1β produced by cells in unstable atherosclerotic plaques of patients were normalized by a specific cell-permeable C5aR1 antagonist. Deficiency of the macrophage cell-autonomous C5 system also protected mice from crystal nephropathy mediated by folic acid. These data demonstrate the unexpected intracellular formation of a C5 convertase and identify C5aR1 as a direct modulator of mitochondrial function and inflammatory output from myeloid cells. Together, these findings suggest that the complosome is a contributor to the biologic processes underlying sterile inflammation and indicate that targeting this system could be beneficial in macrophage-dependent diseases, such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Niyonzima
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jubayer Rahman
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalia Kunz
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erin E. West
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tilo Freiwald
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jigar V. Desai
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas S. Merle
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandre Gidon
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Central Administration, St. Olavs Hospital, University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin Evensen
- Department of Neurology, Vestre Viken, Drammen Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Beate Lindberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karolina Skagen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Skjelland
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Parul Singh
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Markus Haug
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Central Norway Regional Health Authority, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marieta M. Ruseva
- BG2, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Martin Kolev
- BG2, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Jack Bibby
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olivia Marshall
- Discovery DMPK Bioanalysis Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Brett O’Brien
- Discovery DMPK Bioanalysis Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Nigel Deeks
- Discovery DMPK Bioanalysis Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard J. Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Milton Pryor
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiopulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhi-Hong Yang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiopulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiopulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tom E. Mollnes
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen TREC, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bingyu Yan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Máté G. Kiss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Central Norway Regional Health Authority, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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15
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Andreev-Andrievskiy AA, Zinovkin RA, Mashkin MA, Frolova OY, Kazaishvili YG, Scherbakova VS, Rudoy BA, Nesterenko VG. Gene Expression Pattern of Peyer's Patch Lymphocytes Exposed to Kagocel Suggests Pattern-Recognition Receptors Mediate Its Action. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679511. [PMID: 34413772 PMCID: PMC8369352 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kagocel is a synthetic carboxymethylcellulose derivative copolymerized with gossypol. Clinical data evidence its safety and efficiency for the treatment of flu and other viral infections via enhancement of interferon production. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue seems a likely site of kagocel action. The study was aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of its action using murine Peyer’s patches lymphocytes as a test system and the cytokines production and gene expression patterns as the primary outcomes. The Peyer’s patches lymphocytes isolated from BALB/c mice were stimulated with concanavalin A, or, to mimic viral infection, with a combination of concanavalin A and TLR3 ligand poly I:C. After 24 h of stimulation the cells were treated with saline, 30, 100, or 300 μg/ml of kagocel, or, as positive controls, 300 μg/ml oats b-D-glucan or 300 μg/ml lentinan. After 24 and 72 h of incubation with these drugs cytokines production was analyzed with ELISA and gene expression pattern was investigated using nCounter Inflammation panel chips followed by bioinformatics analysis. Expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response, antiviral defense, lymphocytes survival and proliferation (C1qa, C2, C3, Ccl21a, Il11, Il1b, Il23a, Il5, Ltb4r2, Alox15, Pla2g4a, Ptger1, Mapkapk5, Hras, Ifna1, Tlr2, Mrc1, Mx2) was upregulated in kagocel-treated Peyer’s patches lymphocytes. A list of plausible transcription factors (CEBPs, IRF, NFκB, RXR, Stat, Tead4, and ZSCAN) and master-regulators has been identified (cIAP, CIKS, dock9, MEKK1, FXR, IKK, IRAK, TRAF, dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF). The changes in gene expression pattern and the outcomes of bioinformatics analysis suggest that pattern recognition receptors, TLRs and dectin-1, are the key mediators of kagocel immunomodulatory action, with the possible involvement of interferon autocrine loop. The genes upregulated with kagocel include diverse components of the innate immune defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Andreev-Andrievskiy
- Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Zinovkin
- MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Mashkin
- MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yuriy G Kazaishvili
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Boris A Rudoy
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Nesterenko
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Like NFE2L2/PGC-1α -/- Mouse Model Evoke Complement Component C5a Independent of C3. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070622. [PMID: 34356477 PMCID: PMC8301195 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging-associated chronic oxidative stress and inflammation are known to be involved in various diseases, e.g., age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Previously, we reported the presence of dry AMD-like signs, such as elevated oxidative stress, dysfunctional mitophagy and the accumulation of detrimental oxidized materials in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (NFE2L2/PGC1α) double knockout (dKO) mouse model. Here, we investigated the dynamics of inflammatory markers in one-year-old NFE2L2/PGC1α dKO mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase in levels of Toll-like receptors 3 and 9, while those of NOD-like receptor 3 were decreased in NFE2L2/PGC1α dKO retinal specimens as compared to wild type animals. Further analysis showed a trend towards an increase in complement component C5a independent of component C3, observed to be tightly regulated by complement factor H. Interestingly, we found that thrombin, a serine protease enzyme, was involved in enhancing the terminal pathway producing C5a, independent of C3. We also detected an increase in primary acute phase C-reactive protein and receptor for advanced glycation end products in NFE2L2/PGC1α dKO retina. Our main data show C5 and thrombin upregulation together with decreased C3 levels in this dry AMD-like model. In general, the retina strives to mount an orchestrated inflammatory response while attempting to maintain tissue homeostasis and resolve inflammation.
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17
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Yadav SK, Ito N, Soin D, Ito K, Dhib-Jalbut S. Dimethyl Fumarate Suppresses Demyelination and Axonal Loss through Reduction in Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage-Induced Reactive Astrocytes and Complement C3 Deposition. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040857. [PMID: 33669652 PMCID: PMC7922578 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral agent for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic mechanism of DMF using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). DMF treatment decreased the proliferation of T cells and the production of IL-17A and GM-CSF. DMF treatment also decreased the development and/or infiltration of macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), and reduced the ratio of iNOS+ pro-inflammatory macrophage versus Ym1+ immunomodulatory macrophages. Furthermore, DMF treatment suppressed the deposition of complement C3 (C3) and development of reactive C3+ astrocytes. The decrease in iNOS+ macrophages, C3+astrocytes, and C3 deposition in the CNS resulted in the reduction in demyelination and axonal loss. This study suggests that the beneficial effects of DMF involve the suppression of iNOS+ pro-inflammatory macrophages, C3+ astrocytes, and deposition of C3 in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K. Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (D.S.)
| | - Naoko Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (D.S.)
| | - Devika Soin
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (D.S.)
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY 10940, USA
| | - Kouichi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (S.D.-J.); Tel.: +1-732-235-5482 (K.I.); +1-732-235-7335 (S.D.-J.)
| | - Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (D.S.)
- Department of Neurology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (S.D.-J.); Tel.: +1-732-235-5482 (K.I.); +1-732-235-7335 (S.D.-J.)
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The innate immune system is essential in the protection against microbial infection and facilitating tissue repair mechanisms. During these stresses, the maintenance of innate immune cell numbers through stress-induced or emergency hematopoiesis is key for our survival. One major mechanism to recognize danger signals is through the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surface of hematopoietic cells, including hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC), and nonhematopoietic cells, which recognize pathogen-derived or damaged-induced compounds and can influence the emergency hematopoietic response. This review explores how direct pathogen-sensing by HSC/HPC regulates hematopoiesis, and the positive and negative consequences of these signals. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have highlighted new roles for TLRs in regulating HSC and HPC differentiation to innate immune cells of both myeloid and lymphoid origin and augmenting HSC and HPC migration capabilities. Most interestingly, new insights as to how acute versus chronic stimulation of TLR signaling regulates HSC and HPC function has been explored. SUMMARY Recent evidence suggests that TLRs may play an important role in many inflammation-associated diseases. This suggests a possible use for TLR agonists or antagonists as potential therapeutics. Understanding the direct effects of TLR signaling by HSC and HPC may help regulate inflammatory/danger signal-driven emergency hematopoiesis.
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19
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Agrawal P, Sharma S, Pal P, Ojha H, Mullick J, Sahu A. The imitation game: a viral strategy to subvert the complement system. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2518-2542. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Agrawal
- Complement Biology Laboratory National Centre for Cell Science S. P. Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Samriddhi Sharma
- Complement Biology Laboratory National Centre for Cell Science S. P. Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Pradipta Pal
- Complement Biology Laboratory National Centre for Cell Science S. P. Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Hina Ojha
- Complement Biology Laboratory National Centre for Cell Science S. P. Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Jayati Mullick
- Microbial Containment Complex ICMR‐National Institute of Virology Pune 411021 India
| | - Arvind Sahu
- Complement Biology Laboratory National Centre for Cell Science S. P. Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
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20
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Richendrfer HA, Levy MM, Elsaid KA, Schmidt TA, Zhang L, Cabezas R, Jay GD. Recombinant Human Proteoglycan-4 Mediates Interleukin-6 Response in Both Human and Mouse Endothelial Cells Induced Into a Sepsis Phenotype. Crit Care Explor 2020; 2:e0126. [PMID: 32695993 PMCID: PMC7314356 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the United States. Putative targets to prevent systemic inflammatory response syndrome include antagonism of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and CD44 receptors in vascular endothelial cells. Proteoglycan-4 is a mucinous glycoprotein that interacts with CD44 and toll-like receptor 4 resulting in a blockade of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 pathway. We hypothesized that endothelial cells induced into a sepsis phenotype would have less interleukin-6 expression after recombinant human proteoglycan 4 treatment in vitro. DESIGN Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure interleukin-6 protein and gene expression. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells, human lung microvascular endothelial cells, and transgenic mouse (wild type) (Cd44 +/+/Prg4 +/+), Cd44 -/- (Cd44 tm1Hbg Prg4 +/+), Prg4 GT/GT (Cd44 +/+ Prg4 tm2Mawa/J), and double knockout (Cd44 tm1Hbg Prg4 tm2Mawa/J) lung microvascular endothelial cells. INTERVENTIONS Cells were treated with 100 or 250 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide-Escherichia coli K12 and subsequently treated with recombinant human proteoglycan 4 after 30 minutes. Interleukin-6 levels in conditioned media were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gene expression was measured via reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction with ΔΔ-Ct analysis. Additionally, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and human lung microvascular endothelial cells were treated with 1:10 diluted plasma from 15 patients with sepsis in culture media. After 30 minutes, either 50 or 100 µg/mL recombinant human proteoglycan 4 was administered. Interleukin-6 protein and gene expression were assayed. Proteoglycan 4 levels were also compared between control and sepsis patient plasma. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Human umbilical vascular endothelial cell, human lung microvascular endothelial cell, and mouse lung microvascular endothelial cell treated with lipopolysaccharide had significantly increased interleukin-6 protein compared with controls. Recombinant human proteoglycan-4 significantly reduced interleukin-6 in human and mouse endothelial cells. Interleukin-6 gene expression was significantly increased after lipopolysaccharide treatment compared with controls. This response was reversed by 50 or 100 µg/mL recombinant human proteoglycan-4 in 80% of sepsis samples in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and in 60-73% in human lung microvascular endothelial cells. In Cd44 -/- genotypes of the mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells, recombinant human proteoglycan-4 significantly reduced interleukin-6 protein levels after lipopolysaccharide treatment, indicating that Cd44 is not needed for recombinant human proteoglycan-4 to have an effect in a toll-like receptor 4 agonist inflammation model. Patient sepsis samples had higher plasma levels of native proteoglycan-4 than controls. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Recombinant human proteoglycan-4 is a potential adjunct therapy for sepsis patients and warrants future in vivo model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Richendrfer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Mitchell M Levy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Khaled A Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Ralph Cabezas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
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21
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Agupitan AD, Neeson P, Williams S, Howitt J, Haupt S, Haupt Y. P53: A Guardian of Immunity Becomes Its Saboteur through Mutation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3452. [PMID: 32414156 PMCID: PMC7278985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Awareness of the importance of immunity in controlling cancer development triggered research into the impact of its key oncogenic drivers on the immune response, as well as their value as targets for immunotherapy. At the heart of tumour suppression is p53, which was discovered in the context of viral infection and now emerges as a significant player in normal and cancer immunity. Wild-type p53 (wt p53) plays fundamental roles in cancer immunity and inflammation. Mutations in p53 not only cripple wt p53 immune functions but also sinisterly subvert the immune function through its neomorphic gain-of-functions (GOFs). The prevalence of mutant p53 across different types of human cancers, which are associated with inflammatory and immune dysfunction, further implicates mutant p53 in modulating cancer immunity, thereby promoting tumorigenesis, metastasis and invasion. In this review, we discuss several mutant p53 immune GOFs in the context of the established roles of wt p53 in regulating and responding to tumour-associated inflammation, and regulating innate and adaptive immunity. We discuss the capacity of mutant p53 to alter the tumour milieu to support immune dysfunction, modulate toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling pathways to disrupt innate immunity and subvert cell-mediated immunity in favour of immune privilege and survival. Furthermore, we expose the potential and challenges associated with mutant p53 as a cancer immunotherapy target and underscore existing therapies that may benefit from inquiry into cancer p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjelle Decasa Agupitan
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia; (A.D.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Paul Neeson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia;
- Cancer Immunology Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Williams
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Jason Howitt
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Victoria, Australia;
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia; (A.D.A.); (S.H.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia; (A.D.A.); (S.H.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia;
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Victoria, Australia
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West EE, Kunz N, Kemper C. Complement and human T cell metabolism: Location, location, location. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:68-81. [PMID: 32166778 PMCID: PMC7261501 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The complement system represents one of the evolutionary oldest arms of our immune system and is commonly recognized as a liver-derived and serum-active system critical for providing protection against invading pathogens. Recent unexpected findings, however, have defined novel and rather "uncommon" locations and activities of complement. Specifically, the discovery of an intracellularly active complement system-the complosome-and its key role in the regulation of cell metabolic pathways that underly normal human T cell responses have taught us that there is still much to be discovered about this system. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the emerging functions of the complosome in T cell metabolism. We further place complosome activities among the non-canonical roles of other intracellular innate danger sensing systems and argue that a "location-centric" view of complement evolution could logically justify its close connection with the regulation of basic cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. West
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia Kunz
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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H3K4 Methylation Regulates LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression and Release in Macrophages. Shock 2020; 51:401-406. [PMID: 29570119 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Histone methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that plays an essential role in regulating gene expression in mammalian cells. To understand its influence on inflammation, methylation of H3K4, H3K9, H3K36, H3K79, and H4K20, the most common histones methylated in the inflammatory response was analyzed in murine RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. LPS stimulation resulted in enhanced methylation at H3K4 and H3K9 in both RAW264.7 and BMDMs. To further confirm whether LPS-stimulated H3K4me2 and H3K9me2 were responsible for subsequent proinflammatory cytokine expression, the recruitment of H3K4me2 and H3K9me2 at the promoters of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was assessed. H3K4me2, but not H3K9me2, was enriched at the promoters of both IL-6 and TNF-α. Furthermore, LPS-stimulated gene expression and release of IL-6 and TNF-α were markedly suppressed in macrophages by MTA, a specific inhibitor of H3K4 methylation. These results demonstrate that histone methylation, in particular H3K4me2, plays a critical role in the regulation of LPS-induced expression and release of IL-6 and TNF-α.
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Abstract
The recognition of microbial or danger-associated molecular patterns by complement proteins initiates a cascade of events that culminates in the activation of surface complement receptors on immune cells. Such signalling pathways converge with those activated downstream of pattern recognition receptors to determine the type and magnitude of the immune response. Intensive investigation in the field has uncovered novel pathways that link complement-mediated signalling with homeostatic and pathological T cell responses. More recently, the observation that complement proteins also act in the intracellular space to shape T cell fates has added a new layer of complexity. Here, we consider fundamental mechanisms and novel concepts at the interface of complement biology and immunity and discuss how these affect the maintenance of homeostasis and the development of human pathology.
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Bhutta MF, Lambie J, Hobson L, Williams D, Tyrer HE, Nicholson G, Brown SDM, Brown H, Piccinelli C, Devailly G, Ramsden J, Cheeseman MT. Transcript Analysis Reveals a Hypoxic Inflammatory Environment in Human Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion. Front Genet 2020; 10:1327. [PMID: 32153623 PMCID: PMC7047850 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) is the most common cause of childhood hearing loss in the developed world. Underlying pathophysiology is not well understood, and in particular the factors that lead to the transition from acute to chronic inflammation. Here we present the first genome-wide transcript analysis of white blood cells in the effusion of children with COME. Analysis of microarray data for enriched pathways reveals upregulation of hypoxia pathways, which is confirmed using real-time PCR and determining VEGF protein titres. Other pathways upregulated in both mucoid and serous effusions include Toll-like receptor signaling, complement, and RANK-RANKL. Cytology reveals neutrophils and macrophages predominated in both serous and mucoid effusions, however, serous samples had higher lymphocyte and eosinophil differential counts, while mucoid samples had higher neutrophil differential counts. Transcript analysis indicates serous fluids have CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte, and NK cell signatures. Overall, our findings suggest that inflammation and hypoxia pathways are important in the pathology of COME, and targets for potential therapeutic intervention, and that mucoid and serous COME may represent different immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood F Bhutta
- Department of ENT, Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Lambie
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey Hobson
- Department of ENT, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Williams
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley E Tyrer
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - George Nicholson
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steve D M Brown
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brown
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Piccinelli
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Ramsden
- Department of ENT, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Cheeseman
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Ribeiro P, Castro MV, Perez M, Cartarozzi LP, Spejo AB, Chiarotto GB, Augusto TM, Oliveira ALR. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) influences the glial reaction in the spinal cord and the neural response to injury following peripheral nerve crush. Brain Res Bull 2019; 155:67-80. [PMID: 31756421 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
After peripheral axotomy, there is a selective retraction of synaptic terminals in contact with injured motoneurons. This process, which actively involves glial cells, is influenced by the expression of immune-related molecules. Since toll-like receptors (TLRs) are upregulated by astrocytes and microglia following lesions, they might be involved in synaptic plasticity processes. Therefore, we administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to enhance TLR4 expression in mice and studied retrograde changes in the spinal cord ventral horn following sciatic nerve crush. To this end, adult C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to unilateral sciatic nerve crush at the mid-thigh level and, after a survival time of seven and forty days (acute and chronic phases, respectively), the spinal cords were paraformaldehyde-fixed and dissected out for immunolabeling for synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1). The results show that TLR4 upregulation leads to synaptophysin downregulation close to spinal motoneuron cell bodies, indicating increased synaptic elimination. LPS exposure also further increases astrogliosis and microglial reactions in the both ventral and dorsal horns, especially ipsilateral to nerve axotomy, compared to those in untreated mice. Notably, LPS administration to TLR4-/- mice produces results similar to those observed in untreated wild-type counterparts, reinforcing the role of this receptor in the glial response to injury. Therefore, our results suggest that the overexpression of the TLR4 receptor results in augmented astrogliosis/microglial reactions and the excessive loss of synapses postinjury, which may, in turn, affect the motoneuronal regenerative response and functionality. Additionally, treatment with LPS increases the expression of β2-microglobulin, a subcomponent of MHC I. Importantly, the absence of TLR4 results in imbalanced axonal regeneration, inducing subsequent improvements and setbacks. In conclusion, our results show the involvement of TLR4 in the process of synaptic remodeling, indicating a new target for future research aimed at developing therapies for CNS and PNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Ribeiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mateus V Castro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Perez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luciana P Cartarozzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Aline B Spejo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela B Chiarotto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Alexandre L R Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus: genetic variants in Xq28 region. Reumatologia 2019; 57:264-270. [PMID: 31844338 PMCID: PMC6911245 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2019.89517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK1) are encoded by adjacent X-linked genes and recognized for their role in regulation of inflammation. The present case control study was conducted to detect the genetic association between MECP2 (rs1734791) and IRAK1 (rs1059703) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the possible association of these SNPs and severity of SLE. Material and methods Fifty patients with SLE and 100 healthy controls were included in this study. Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria were used to classify SLE patients and the activity of the disease was assessed by SLEDAI score. Disease severity was assessed by the SLICC damage index (SLICC DI). Genetic association of both SNPs with SLE was assessed by Taq Man allelic discrimination technique. Results Analyses of MECP2 (rs1734791) SNP genotypes revealed that homozygous TT genotype was significantly higher in the control group than SLE patients (p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 0.120). Frequency of allele (A) was significantly higher in SLE patients, (p < 0.001, OR = 0.334). SLE patients had significantly higher frequency of the homozygous AA and heterozygous AG genotype of IRAK1 (rs1059703) SNP in comparison to healthy controls (p = 0.0029, OR = 4.17 and 6.30 respectively). T+G and T+A of rs1734791 and rs1059703 SNPs are protective haplotypes (OR = 0.47 and 0.3, p = 0.0046 and < 0.012 respectively). No significant association between either SNP and disease activity or severity was found. Conclusions There is a possible genetic association between both rs1734791 and rs1059703 SNPs and susceptibility to SLE, while no significant association between either SNP and disease activity or severity was detected.
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28
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Rahmani A, Corre E, Richard G, Bidault A, Lambert C, Oliveira L, Thompson C, Thompson F, Pichereau V, Paillard C. Transcriptomic analysis of clam extrapallial fluids reveals immunity and cytoskeleton alterations in the first week of Brown Ring Disease development. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:940-948. [PMID: 31419531 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Brown Ring Disease is an infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio tapetis on the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The process of infection, in the extrapallial fluids (EPFs) of clams, involves alteration of immune functions, in particular on hemocytes which are the cells responsible of phagocytosis. Disorganization of the actin-cytoskeleton in infected clams is a part of what leads to this alteration. This study is the first transcriptomic approach based on collection of extrapallial fluids on living animals experimentally infected by V. tapetis. We performed differential gene expression analysis of EPFs in two experimental treatments (healthy-against infected-clams by V. tapetis), and showed the deregulation of 135 genes. In infected clams, a downregulation of transcripts implied in immune functions (lysosomal activity and complement- and lectin-dependent PRR pathways) was observed during infection. We also showed a deregulation of transcripts encoding proteins involved in the actin cytoskeleton organization such as an overexpression of β12-Thymosin (which is an actin sequestration protein) or a downregulation of proteins that closely interact with capping proteins such as Coactosin, that counteract action of capping proteins, or Profilin. We validated these transcriptomic results by cellular physiological analyses that showed a decrease of the lysosome amounts and the disorganization of actin cytoskeleton in infected hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rahmani
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France.
| | - Erwan Corre
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, CNRS, FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Gaëlle Richard
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Adeline Bidault
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Louisi Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Thompson
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Thompson
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vianney Pichereau
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France.
| | - Christine Paillard
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France.
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Chou LF, Chen TW, Yang HY, Chang MY, Hsu SH, Tsai CY, Ko YC, Huang CT, Tian YC, Hung CC, Yang CW. Murine Renal Transcriptome Profiles Upon Leptospiral Infection: Implications for Chronic Kidney Diseases. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1411-1423. [PMID: 29868892 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp leads to kidney damage that may progress to chronic kidney disease. However, how leptospiral infections induced renal damage is unclear. Methods We apply microarray and next-generation sequencing technologies to investigate the first murine transcriptome-wide, leptospires-mediated changes in renal gene expression to identify biological pathways associated with kidney damage. Results Leptospiral genes were detected in renal transcriptomes of mice infected with Leptospira interrogans at day 28 postinfection, suggesting colonization of leptospires within the kidney with propensity of chronicity. Comparative differential gene expression and pathway analysis were investigated in renal transcriptomes of mice infected with pathogens and nonpathogens. Pathways analysis showed that Toll-like receptor signaling, complements activation, T-helper 1 type immune response, and T cell-mediated immunity/chemotaxis/proliferation were strongly associated with progressive tubulointerstitial damage caused by pathogenic leptospiral infection. In addition, 26 genes related with complement system, immune function, and cell-cell interactions were found to be significantly up-regulated in the L interrogans-infected renal transcriptome. Conclusions Our results provided comprehensive knowledge regarding the host transcriptional response to leptospiral infection in murine kidneys, particularly the involvement of cell-to-cell interaction in the immune response. It would provide valuable resources to explore functional studies of chronic renal damage caused by leptospiral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Chou
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Ming-Yang Chang
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Shen-Hsing Hsu
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | - Yi-Ching Ko
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | | | - Ya-Chung Tian
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Hung
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
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Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient key component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was discovered more than 100 years ago and was originally defined as a liver-derived, blood-circulating sentinel system that classically mediates the opsonization and lytic killing of dangerous microbes and the initiation of the general inflammatory reaction. More recently, complement has also emerged as a critical player in adaptive immunity via its ability to instruct both B and T cell responses. In particular, work on the impact of complement on T cell responses led to the surprising discoveries that the complement system also functions within cells and is involved in regulating basic cellular processes, predominantly those of metabolic nature. Here, we review current knowledge about complement's role in T cell biology, with a focus on the novel intracellular and noncanonical activities of this ancient system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; ,
| | - Martin Kolev
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; , .,Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; .,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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31
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Akgün E, Lunzer MM, Portoghese PS. Combined Glia Inhibition and Opioid Receptor Agonism Afford Highly Potent Analgesics without Tolerance. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2004-2011. [PMID: 30110531 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly prescribed opioid analgesics produce tolerance upon chronic use due in part to induction of hyperalgesia. Given that two reported bivalent ligands (MMG22 and MCC22) produce potent antinociception without tolerance only in inflamed mice, we have investigated the possible cellular and receptor targets of these ligands. The selective microglia inhibitors, minocycline and SB290157, antagonized intrathecal (i.t.) MCC22 antinociception orders of magnitude more potently than MMG22, suggesting that MCC22 selectively targets activated microglia. The astrocyte toxin, l-α-aminoadipic acid antagonized MMG22 antinociception 126-fold without reducing the potency of MCC22, indicating that activated astrocytes are targets of MMG22. MK-801 and Ro25-6981 antagonism of MMG22 antinociception, but not MCC22, is consistent with selective inhibition of activated NMDAR in astrocytes. The antinociception produced by i.t. MMG22 or MCC22 were both antagonized by the selective mu opioid receptor antagonist, β-FNA, implicating interaction of these ligands with MOR in spinal afferent neurons. MCC22 antinociception was potently blocked by kainate or AMPA ion channel antagonists (LY382884; NBQX), in contrast to MMG22. It is concluded that i.t. MMG22 and MCC22 produce exceptional antinociception via potent inhibition of activated spinal glia, thereby leading to desensitization of spinal neurons and enhanced activation of neuronal MOR. Thus, the present study suggests a new approach to treatment of chronic inflammatory pain without tolerance through a single molecular entity that simultaneously inhibits activated glia and stimulates MOR in spinal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Akgün
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mary M. Lunzer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Philip S. Portoghese
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Mödinger Y, Rapp A, Pazmandi J, Vikman A, Holzmann K, Haffner-Luntzer M, Huber-Lang M, Ignatius A. C5aR1 interacts with TLR2 in osteoblasts and stimulates the osteoclast-inducing chemokine CXCL10. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6002-6014. [PMID: 30247799 PMCID: PMC6237570 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphylatoxin C5a is generated upon activation of the complement system, a crucial arm of innate immunity. C5a mediates proinflammatory actions via the C5a receptor C5aR1 and thereby promotes host defence, but also modulates tissue homeostasis. There is evidence that the C5a/C5aR1 axis is critically involved both in physiological bone turnover and in inflammatory conditions affecting bone, including osteoarthritis, periodontitis, and bone fractures. C5a induces the migration and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines of osteoblasts. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Therefore, in this study we aimed to determine C5a‐mediated downstream signalling in osteoblasts. Using a whole‐genome microarray approach, we demonstrate that C5a activates mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and regulates the expression of genes involved in pathways related to insulin, transforming growth factor‐β and the activator protein‐1 transcription factor. Interestingly, using coimmunoprecipitation, we found an interaction between C5aR1 and Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) in osteoblasts. The C5aR1‐ and TLR2‐signalling pathways converge on the activation of p38 MAPK and the generation of C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10, which functions, among others, as an osteoclastogenic factor. In conclusion, C5a‐stimulated osteoblasts might modulate osteoclast activity and contribute to immunomodulation in inflammatory bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Mödinger
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Rapp
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Pazmandi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Vikman
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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McCullough RL, McMullen MR, Poulsen KL, Kim A, Medof ME, Nagy LE. Anaphylatoxin Receptors C3aR and C5aR1 Are Important Factors That Influence the Impact of Ethanol on the Adipose Secretome. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2133. [PMID: 30294325 PMCID: PMC6158367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Chronic ethanol exposure results in inflammation in adipose tissue; this response is associated with activation of complement as well as the development of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). Adipose communicates with other organs, including liver, via the release of soluble mediators, such as adipokines and cytokines, characterized as the "adipose secretome." Here we investigated the role of the anaphaylatoxin receptors C3aR and C5aR1 in the development of adipose tissue inflammation and regulation of the adipose secretome in murine ALD (mALD). Methods: Wild-type C57BL/6 (WT), C3aR -/-, and C5aR1 -/- mice were fed Lieber-DeCarli ethanol diet for 25 days (6% v/v, 32% kcal) or isocaloric control diets; indicators of inflammation and injury were assessed in gonadal adipose tissue. The adipose secretome was characterized in isolated adipocytes and stromal vascular cells. Results: Ethanol feeding increased the expression of adipokines, chemokines and leukocyte markers in gonadal adipose tissue from WT mice; C3aR -/- were partially protected while C5aR1 -/- mice were completely protected. In contrast, induction of CYP2E1 and accumulation of TUNEL-positive cells in adipose in response to ethanol feeding was independent of genotype. Bone marrow chimeras, generated with WT and C5aR1 -/- mice, revealed C5aR1 expression on non-myeloid cells, likely to be adipocytes, contributed to ethanol-induced adipose inflammation. Chronic ethanol feeding regulated both the quantity and distribution of adipokines secreted from adipocytes in a C5aR1-dependent mechanism. In WT mice, chronic ethanol feeding induced a predominant release of pro-inflammatory adipokines from adipocytes, while the adipose secretome from C5aR1 -/- mice was characterized by an anti-inflammatory/protective profile. Further, the cargo of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) was distinct from the soluble secretome; in WT EVs, ethanol increased the abundance of pro-inflammatory mediators while EV cargo from C5aR1 -/- adipocytes contained a greater diversity and more robust expression of adipokines. Conclusions: C3aR and C5aR1 are potent regulators of ethanol-induced adipose inflammation in mALD. C5aR1 modulated the impact of chronic ethanol on the content of the adipose secretome, as well as influencing the cargo of an extensive array of adipokines from adipocyte-derived EVs. Taken together, our data demonstrate that C5aR1 contributes to ethanol-mediated changes in the adipose secretome, likely contributing to intra-organ injury in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kyle L Poulsen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Adam Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - M Edward Medof
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Tenner AJ, Stevens B, Woodruff TM. New tricks for an ancient system: Physiological and pathological roles of complement in the CNS. Mol Immunol 2018; 102:3-13. [PMID: 29958698 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While the mechanisms underlying the functions of the complement system in the central nervous system (CNS) and systemically, namely opsonization, chemotaxis, membrane lysis, and regulation of inflammation are the same, the plethora of functions that complement orchestrates in the central nervous system (CNS) is complex. Strictly controlled expression of complement effector molecules, regulators and receptors across the gamut of life stages (embryogenesis, development and maturation, aging and disease) dictate fascinating contributions for this ancient system. Furthermore, it is becoming apparent that complement functions differ widely across distinct brain regions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the newly identified roles for complement in the brain, including its roles in CNS development and function, during aging and in the processes of neurodegeneration. The diversity and selectively of beneficial and detrimental activities of complement, while challenging, should lead to precision targeting of specific components to provide disease modifying treatments for devastating psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders that are still without effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Tenner
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neurobiology and Behavior, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
| | - Beth Stevens
- F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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35
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Nagre N, Cong X, Terrazas C, Pepper I, Schreiber JM, Fu H, Sill JM, Christman JW, Satoskar AR, Zhao X. Inhibition of Macrophage Complement Receptor CRIg by TRIM72 Polarizes Innate Immunity of the Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:756-766. [PMID: 29268030 PMCID: PMC6002657 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0236oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays a critical role in immune responses against pathogens. However, its identity and regulation in the lung are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the role of tripartite motif protein (TRIM) 72 in regulating complement receptor (CR) of the Ig superfamily (CRIg) in alveolar macrophage (AM) and innate immunity of the lung. Imaging, absorbance quantification, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate in vitro and in vivo AM phagocytosis with normal, or altered, TRIM72 expression. Pulldown, coimmunoprecipitation, and gradient binding assays were applied to examine TRIM72 and CRIg interaction. A pneumonia model was established by intratracheal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mortality, lung bacterial burden, and cytokine levels in BAL fluid and lung tissues were examined. Our data show that TRIM72 inhibited CR-mediated phagocytosis, and release of TRIM72 inhibition led to increased AM phagocytosis. Biochemical assays identified CRIg as a binding partner of TRIM72, and TRIM72 inhibited formation of the CRIg-phagosome. Genetic ablation of TRIM72 led to improved pathogen clearance, reduced cytokine storm, and improved survival in murine models of severe pneumonia, specificity of which was confirmed by adoptive transfer of wild-type or TRIM72KO AMs to AM-depleted TRIM72KO mice. TRIM72 overexpression promoted bacteria-induced NF-κB activation in murine alveolar macrophage cells. Our data revealed a quiescent, noninflammatory bacterial clearance mechanism in the lung via AM CRIg, which is suppressed by TRIM72. In vivo data suggest that targeted suppression of TRIM72 in AM may be an effective measure to treat fatal pulmonary bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Nagre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Xiaofei Cong
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - César Terrazas
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ian Pepper
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - John M. Schreiber
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Hongyun Fu
- Division of Community Health and Research, Pediatrics Department, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Joshua M. Sill
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; and
| | - John W. Christman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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36
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Mödinger Y, Löffler B, Huber-Lang M, Ignatius A. Complement involvement in bone homeostasis and bone disorders. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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West EE, Afzali B, Kemper C. Unexpected Roles for Intracellular Complement in the Regulation of Th1 Responses. Adv Immunol 2018; 138:35-70. [PMID: 29731006 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is generally recognized as an evolutionarily ancient and critical part of innate immunity required for the removal of pathogens that have breached the protective host barriers. It was originally defined as a liver-derived serum surveillance system that induces the opsonization and killing of invading microbes and amplifies the general inflammatory reactions. However, studies spanning the last four decades have established complement also as a vital bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, recent work on complement, and in particular its impact on human T helper 1 (Th1) responses, has led to the unexpected findings that the complement system also functions within cells and that it participates in the regulation of basic processes of the cell, including metabolism. These recent new insights into the unanticipated noncanonical activities of this ancient system suggest that the functions of complement extend well beyond mere host protection and into cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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38
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Elweza AE, Ezz MA, Acosta TJ, Talukder AK, Shimizu T, Hayakawa H, Shimada M, Imakawa K, Zaghloul AH, Miyamoto A. A proinflammatory response of bovine endometrial epithelial cells to active sperm in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:215-226. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. Elweza
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Obihiro Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Theriogenology; University of Sadat City; Sadat City Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ezz
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Obihiro Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Theriogenology; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Tomas J. Acosta
- Field Center of Animal Science and Agriculture; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Obihiro Japan
| | - Anup K. Talukder
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Obihiro Japan
- Department of Gynecology; Obstetrics and Reproductive Health; Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University; Gaipur Bangladesh
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Obihiro Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Shimada
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Animal Resource Science Center; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ahmed H. Zaghloul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Theriogenology; University of Sadat City; Sadat City Egypt
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Obihiro Japan
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39
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de Preux Charles AS, Bise T, Baier F, Sallin P, Jaźwińska A. Preconditioning boosts regenerative programmes in the adult zebrafish heart. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160101. [PMID: 27440423 PMCID: PMC4967829 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During preconditioning, exposure to a non-lethal harmful stimulus triggers a body-wide increase of survival and pro-regenerative programmes that enable the organism to better withstand the deleterious effects of subsequent injuries. This phenomenon has first been described in the mammalian heart, where it leads to a reduction of infarct size and limits the dysfunction of the injured organ. Despite its important clinical outcome, the actual mechanisms underlying preconditioning-induced cardioprotection remain unclear. Here, we describe two independent models of cardiac preconditioning in the adult zebrafish. As noxious stimuli, we used either a thoracotomy procedure or an induction of sterile inflammation by intraperitoneal injection of immunogenic particles. Similar to mammalian preconditioning, the zebrafish heart displayed increased expression of cardioprotective genes in response to these stimuli. As zebrafish cardiomyocytes have an endogenous proliferative capacity, preconditioning further elevated the re-entry into the cell cycle in the intact heart. This enhanced cycling activity led to a long-term modification of the myocardium architecture. Importantly, the protected phenotype brought beneficial effects for heart regeneration within one week after cryoinjury, such as a more effective cell-cycle reentry, enhanced reactivation of embryonic gene expression at the injury border, and improved cell survival shortly after injury. This study reveals that exposure to antecedent stimuli induces adaptive responses that render the fish more efficient in the activation of the regenerative programmes following heart damage. Our results open a new field of research by providing the adult zebrafish as a model system to study remote cardiac preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Bise
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Felix Baier
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Sallin
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anna Jaźwińska
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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40
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Hernandez MX, Namiranian P, Nguyen E, Fonseca MI, Tenner AJ. C5a Increases the Injury to Primary Neurons Elicited by Fibrillar Amyloid Beta. ASN Neuro 2017; 9:1759091416687871. [PMID: 28078911 PMCID: PMC5298486 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416687871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C5aR1, the proinflammatory receptor for C5a, is expressed in the central nervous system on microglia, endothelial cells, and neurons. Previous work demonstrated that the C5aR1 antagonist, PMX205, decreased amyloid pathology and suppressed cognitive deficits in two Alzheimer's Disease (AD) mouse models. However, the cellular mechanisms of this protection have not been definitively demonstrated. Here, primary cultured mouse neurons treated with exogenous C5a show reproducible loss of MAP-2 staining in a dose-dependent manner within 24 hr of treatment, indicative of injury to neurons. This injury is prevented by the C5aR1 antagonist PMX53, a close analog of PMX205. Furthermore, primary neurons derived from C5aR1 null mice exhibited no MAP-2 loss after exposure to the highest concentration of C5a tested. Primary mouse neurons treated with both 100 nM C5a and 5 µM fibrillar amyloid beta (fAβ), to model what occurs in the AD brain, showed increased MAP-2 loss relative to either C5a or fAβ alone. Blocking C5aR1 with PMX53 (100 nM) blocked the loss of MAP2 in these primary neurons to the level seen with fAβ alone. Similar experiments with primary neurons derived from C5aR1 null mice showed a loss of MAP-2 due to fAβ treatment. However, the addition of C5a to the cultures did not enhance the loss of MAP-2 and the addition of PMX53 to the cultures did not change the MAP-2 loss in response to fAβ. Thus, at least part of the beneficial effects of C5aR1 antagonist in AD mouse models may be due to protection of neurons from the toxic effects of C5a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael X Hernandez
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, USA
| | - Pouya Namiranian
- 2 Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Eric Nguyen
- 2 Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Maria I Fonseca
- 2 Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, USA.,2 Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, USA.,3 Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, USA
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41
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Hernandez MX, Jiang S, Cole TA, Chu SH, Fonseca MI, Fang MJ, Hohsfield LA, Torres MD, Green KN, Wetsel RA, Mortazavi A, Tenner AJ. Prevention of C5aR1 signaling delays microglial inflammatory polarization, favors clearance pathways and suppresses cognitive loss. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:66. [PMID: 28923083 PMCID: PMC5604420 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacologic inhibition of C5aR1, a receptor for the complement activation proinflammatory fragment, C5a, suppressed pathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models. To validate that the effect of the antagonist was specifically via C5aR1 inhibition, mice lacking C5aR1 were generated and compared in behavior and pathology. In addition, since C5aR1 is primarily expressed on cells of the myeloid lineage, and only to a lesser extent on endothelial cells and neurons in brain, gene expression in microglia isolated from adult brain at multiple ages was compared across all genotypes. METHODS C5aR1 knock out mice were crossed to the Arctic AD mouse model, and characterized for pathology and for behavior performance in a hippocampal dependent memory task. CX3CR1GFP and CCR2RFP reporter mice were bred to C5aR1 sufficient and knockout wild type and Arctic mice to enable sorting of microglia (GFP-positive, RFP-negative) isolated from adult brain at 2, 5, 7 and 10 months of age followed by RNA-seq analysis. RESULTS A lack of C5aR1 prevented behavior deficits at 10 months, although amyloid plaque load was not altered. Immunohistochemical analysis showed no CCR2+ monocytes/macrophages near the plaques in the Arctic brain with or without C5aR1. Microglia were sorted from infiltrating monocytes (GFP and RFP-positive) for transcriptome analysis. RNA-seq analysis identified inflammation related genes as differentially expressed, with increased expression in the Arctic mice relative to wild type and decreased expression in the Arctic/C5aR1KO relative to Arctic. In addition, phagosomal-lysosomal gene expression was increased in the Arctic mice relative to wild type but further increased in the Arctic/C5aR1KO mice. A decrease in neuronal complexity was seen in hippocampus of 10 month old Arctic mice at the time that correlates with the behavior deficit, both of which were rescued in the Arctic/C5aR1KO. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with microglial polarization in the absence of C5aR1 signaling reflecting decreased induction of inflammatory genes and enhancement of degradation/clearance pathways, which is accompanied by preservation of CA1 neuronal complexity and hippocampal dependent cognitive function. These results provide links between microglial responses and loss of cognitive performance and, combined with the previous pharmacological approach to inhibit C5aR1 signaling, support the potential of this receptor as a novel therapeutic target for AD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael X Hernandez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tracy A Cole
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Present Address: Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Chu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maria I Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Melody J Fang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Hohsfield
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maria D Torres
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas-Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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42
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Hajishengallis G, Lambris JD. More than complementing Tolls: complement-Toll-like receptor synergy and crosstalk in innate immunity and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:233-244. [PMID: 27782328 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Complement and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in the host immune response and are swiftly activated by infection or other types of immunological stress. This review focuses on the capacity of complement and TLRs to engage in signaling crosstalk, ostensibly to coordinate immune and inflammatory responses through synergistic or antagonistic (regulatory) interactions. However, overactivation or dysregulation of either system may lead-often synergistically-to exaggerated inflammation and host tissue injury. Intriguingly, moreover, certain pathogens can manipulate complement-TLR crosstalk pathways in ways that undermine host immunity and favor their persistence. In the setting of polymicrobial inflammatory disease, subversion of complement-TLR crosstalk by keystone pathogens can promote dysbiosis. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying complement-TLR crosstalk pathways can, therefore, be used productively for tailored therapeutic approaches, such as, to enhance host immunity, mitigate destructive inflammation, or counteract microbial subversion of the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - John D Lambris
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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43
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Mooney D, Edgar D, Einarsson G, Downey D, Elborn S, Tunney M. Chronic lung disease in common variable immune deficiency (CVID): A pathophysiological role for microbial and non-B cell immune factors. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:508-519. [PMID: 28068853 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1268568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common and most severe forms of primary antibody deficiency encountered in the clinical setting is a heterogeneous group of syndromes termed common variable immune deficiency (CVID). This disorder is characterized by reduced immunoglobulin production and increased susceptibility to infection, particularly of the respiratory tract. Infection and subsequent immunological/inflammatory processes may contribute to the development of pulmonary complications such as bronchiectasis and interstitial lung disease. Immunoglobulin replacement and/or antibiotic therapy, to prevent infection, are routinely prescribed treatments. However, chronic lung disease, the major cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient cohort, may still progress. This clinical progression suggests that pathogens recalcitrant to currently prescribed treatments and other immunological defects may be contributing to the development of pulmonary disease. This review describes the potential role of microbiological and non-B cell immunological factors, including T-cells, neutrophils, complement, toll like receptors, and antimicrobial peptides, in the pathogenicity of chronic lung disease in patients with CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver Mooney
- a Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
- b Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine , Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences. Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - David Edgar
- c T he Royal Hospitals, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust , Regional Immunology Service , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - Gisli Einarsson
- a Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
- b Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine , Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences. Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - Damian Downey
- d Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust , Regional Respiratory Centre , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Elborn
- a Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
- b Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine , Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences. Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Tunney
- a Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
- e School of Pharmacy , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
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44
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Bertolaccini ML, Contento G, Lennen R, Sanna G, Blower PJ, Ma MT, Sunassee K, Girardi G. Complement inhibition by hydroxychloroquine prevents placental and fetal brain abnormalities in antiphospholipid syndrome. J Autoimmun 2016; 75:30-38. [PMID: 27160365 PMCID: PMC6203312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Placental ischemic disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes are frequently observed in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Despite the administration of conventional antithrombotic treatment a significant number of women continue to experience adverse pregnancy outcomes, with uncertain prevention and management. Efforts to develop effective pharmacological strategies for refractory obstetric APS cases will be of significant clinical benefit for both mothers and fetuses. Although the antimalarial drug, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is increasingly used to treat pregnant women with APS, little is known about its efficacy and mechanism of action of HCQ. Because complement activation plays a crucial and causative role in placental ischemia and abnormal fetal brain development in APS we hypothesised that HCQ prevents these pregnancy complications through inhibition of complement activation. Using a mouse model of obstetric APS that closely resembles the clinical condition, we found that HCQ prevented fetal death and the placental metabolic changes -measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in APS-mice. Using 111In labelled antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) we identified the placenta and the fetal brain as the main organ targets in APS-mice. Using this same method, we found that HCQ does not inhibit aPL binding to tissues as was previously suggested from in vitro studies. While HCQ did not affect aPL binding to fetal brain it prevented fetal brain abnormal cortical development. HCQ prevented complement activation in vivo and in vitro. Complement C5a levels in serum samples from APS patients and APS-mice were lower after treatment with HCQ while the antibodies titres remained unchanged. HCQ prevented not only placental insufficiency but also abnormal fetal brain development in APS. By inhibiting complement activation, HCQ might also be an effective antithrombotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregorio Contento
- Division of Women's Health, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ross Lennen
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Giovanni Sanna
- Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Michelle T Ma
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Kavitha Sunassee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Guillermina Girardi
- Division of Women's Health, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK; MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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45
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Lebel MÈ, Langlois MP, Daudelin JF, Tarrab E, Savard P, Leclerc D, Lamarre A. Complement Component 3 Regulates IFN-α Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells following TLR7 Activation by a Plant Virus-like Nanoparticle. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:292-299. [PMID: 27864474 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of plant viruses for the development of new vaccines and immunotherapy approaches poses questions regarding the mechanism by which the mammalian immune system recognizes these viruses. For example, although natural Abs (NA) and complement are key components of the innate immune system involved in the opsonization, phagocytosis, and destruction of microorganisms infecting mammals, their implication in plant virus recognition and immunogenicity is not well defined. In this study, we address the involvement of NA and the complement system in the activation of innate immunity through engagement of TLR7 with papaya mosaic virus (PapMV)-like nanoparticles. We demonstrate that NA, although binding to PapMV, are not involved in its recognition by the immune system. On the other hand, C3 strongly binds to PapMV nanoparticles and its depletion significantly reduces PapMV's interaction with immune cells. Unexpectedly, however, we observed increased immune cell activation following administration of PapMV to complement-depleted mice. TLR7 activation by PapMV in the absence of C3 induced higher IFN-α production, resulting in superior immune cell activation and increased immunotherapeutic properties. In conclusion, in this study we established the involvement of the complement system in the recognition and the phagocytosis of PapMV nanoparticles and identified an unsuspected role for C3 in regulating the production of IFN-α following TLR7 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Lebel
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Langlois
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Jean-François Daudelin
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Esther Tarrab
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Pierre Savard
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biology and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and
| | - Denis Leclerc
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Alain Lamarre
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada;
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46
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Adamiak M, Abdelbaset-Ismail A, Suszynska M, Abdel-Latif A, Ratajczak J, Ratajczak MZ. Novel evidence that the mannan-binding lectin pathway of complement activation plays a pivotal role in triggering mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by activation of both the complement and coagulation cascades. Leukemia 2016; 31:262-265. [PMID: 27733776 PMCID: PMC5214582 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Adamiak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Abdelbaset-Ismail
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - M Suszynska
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - A Abdel-Latif
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - M Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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47
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Barratt-Due A, Pischke SE, Nilsson PH, Espevik T, Mollnes TE. Dual inhibition of complement and Toll-like receptors as a novel approach to treat inflammatory diseases-C3 or C5 emerge together with CD14 as promising targets. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:193-204. [PMID: 27581539 PMCID: PMC5166441 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3vmr0316-132r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Review of how targeting key upstream molecules at the recognition phase of innate immunity exert anti-inflammatory effects; a potential therapeutic regimen for inflammatory diseases. The host is protected by pattern recognition systems, including complement and TLRs, which are closely cross-talking. If improperly activated, these systems might induce tissue damage and disease. Inhibition of single downstream proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6, have failed in clinical sepsis trials, which might not be unexpected, given the substantial amounts of mediators involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. Instead, we have put forward a hypothesis of inhibition at the recognition phase by “dual blockade” of bottleneck molecules of complement and TLRs. By acting upstream and broadly, the dual blockade could be beneficial in conditions with improper or uncontrolled innate immune activation threatening the host. Key bottleneck molecules in these systems that could be targets for inhibition are the central complement molecules C3 and C5 and the important CD14 molecule, which is a coreceptor for several TLRs, including TLR4 and TLR2. This review summarizes current knowledge of inhibition of complement and TLRs alone and in combination, in both sterile and nonsterile inflammatory processes, where activation of these systems is of crucial importance for tissue damage and disease. Thus, dual blockade might provide a general, broad-acting therapeutic regimen against a number of diseases where innate immunity is improperly activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Søren Erik Pischke
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; .,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Research Laboratory Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; and.,K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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48
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Adamiak M, Abdelbaset-Ismail A, Kucia M, Ratajczak J, Ratajczak MZ. Toll-like receptor signaling-deficient mice are easy mobilizers: evidence that TLR signaling prevents mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in HO-1-dependent manner. Leukemia 2016; 30:2416-2419. [PMID: 27560112 PMCID: PMC5143204 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Adamiak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - A Abdelbaset-Ismail
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - M Kucia
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - M Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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49
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Hess C, Kemper C. Complement-Mediated Regulation of Metabolism and Basic Cellular Processes. Immunity 2016; 45:240-54. [PMID: 27533012 PMCID: PMC5019180 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complement is well appreciated as a critical arm of innate immunity. It is required for the removal of invading pathogens and works by directly destroying them through the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. However, complement activation and function is not confined to the extracellular space but also occurs within cells. Recent work indicates that complement activation regulates key metabolic pathways and thus can impact fundamental cellular processes, such as survival, proliferation, and autophagy. Newly identified functions of complement include a key role in shaping metabolic reprogramming, which underlies T cell effector differentiation, and a role as a nexus for interactions with other effector systems, in particular the inflammasome and Notch transcription-factor networks. This review focuses on the contributions of complement to basic processes of the cell, in particular the integration of complement with cellular metabolism and the potential implications in infection and other disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Reseaerch Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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50
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Ricklin D, Reis ES, Lambris JD. Complement in disease: a defence system turning offensive. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:383-401. [PMID: 27211870 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the complement system is primarily perceived as a host defence system, a more versatile, yet potentially more harmful side of this innate immune pathway as an inflammatory mediator also exists. The activities that define the ability of the complement system to control microbial threats and eliminate cellular debris - such as sensing molecular danger patterns, generating immediate effectors, and extensively coordinating with other defence pathways - can quickly turn complement from a defence system to an aggressor that drives immune and inflammatory diseases. These host-offensive actions become more pronounced with age and are exacerbated by a variety of genetic factors and autoimmune responses. Complement can also be activated inappropriately, for example in response to biomaterials or transplants. A wealth of research over the past two decades has led to an increasingly finely tuned understanding of complement activation, identified tipping points between physiological and pathological behaviour, and revealed avenues for therapeutic intervention. This Review summarizes our current view of the key activating, regulatory, and effector mechanisms of the complement system, highlighting important crosstalk connections, and, with an emphasis on kidney disease and transplantation, discusses the involvement of complement in clinical conditions and promising therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 401 Stellar Chance, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 401 Stellar Chance, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 401 Stellar Chance, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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