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Elgendy SA, Shoeib O, Elgharbawy D, Abo El-Noor MM, Kabbash A. Assessment of B-type natriuretic peptide as an early predictor of mortality in acutely poisoned patients with cardiotoxicities. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae122. [PMID: 39105043 PMCID: PMC11297542 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiotoxicity is a major toxic effect induced by several types of drugs. An electrocardiogram is done routinely in cardiovascular drug exposures. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is the usual biomarker for diagnosing myocardial injury. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a well-established predictor of disease state in suspected heart failure. Aim The study aimed to assess BNP's role as an early predictor of mortality compared with cTnI and ECG changes in acutely poisoned patients with cardiotoxicities. Methodology This study enrolled 70 patients with acute cardiotoxicity by drugs and toxins known to cause cardiac injury admitted to Tanta University Poison Control Center (TUPCC). Collected data included socio-demographic data, toxicological history, vital signs, ECG changes, Poison Severity Score (PSS), BNP, and cTnI serum levels. Result Patients were classified as survivors and non-survivors. Significantly more delay time was recorded in non-survivors. Moreover, vital signs were significantly abnormal in non-survivors. There was no statistical significance regarding the initial ECG abnormalities between survivors and non-survivors. BNP and cTnI levels were significantly higher among non-survivors. For mortality prediction, BNP had good predictive power (AUC = 0.841) with 100% sensitivity and 79.7% specificity while cTnI had an acceptable predictive power (AUC = 0.786), with 83.3% sensitivity and 78.1% specificity with insignificant difference between both biomarkers. Conclusion BNP and cTnI levels can predict mortality in acute cardiotoxicity compared to ECG which has no statistically significant prediction. BNP has a higher discriminatory power than cTnI for the prediction of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Ali Elgendy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Osama Shoeib
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical collages complex, Al-Geish Street, Tanta, Gharbia 31527, Egypt
| | - Doaa Elgharbawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona M Abo El-Noor
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abdelmoty Kabbash
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Hosoya T, Harada K, Kanetake J. β stimulator induces upregulation of miR-27a in the rat heart one hour after the injection. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2024; 70:102475. [PMID: 38924970 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are non-coding small RNA containing 18 to 22 nucleotides, that post-transcriptionally regulates mRNA expression. Chronic injection of β stimulator is known to induce cardiac injury and change of miRs expression level in the heart with some pathological changes such as fibrosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction. We investigated the changes in the expression level of miRs in the rat heart one hour after isoproterenol (a β stimulator) injection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into three groups and received subcutaneous injection of normal sarin (NS) or 0.1 mg/kg isoproterenol (ISO-0.1) or 10 mg/kg isoproterenol (ISO-10). After one hour, we collected their heart and plasma. Total RNA was extracted from the left ventricle and used for deep miRNA sequencing. Based on the results of miRNA sequencing, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using 8 miR primers. Cardiac injury was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin, and phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin staining and measuring troponin-I levels in plasma. Troponin-I was significantly increased in ISO-0.1 and ISO-10 groups, but histological observation did not show any cardiac necrosis. miRNA sequencing identified 14 upregulated miRs and 12 downregulated miRs. Of the 26 miRs, RT-PCR confirmed miR-144-3p/5p and miR-451-5p were decreased, and that 5 miRs (miR-27a-5p, miR-30b-3p, miR-92a-1-5p, miR-132-5p, miR-582-3p) were upregulated. This study showed that β stimulus causes downregulation of miR-144/451 cluster and increases expression of five 5 miRs in the heart, especially 6.5-fold upregulation of miR-27a-5p as early as one hour after isoproterenol injection. Therefore, these miRs might be good biomarkers for cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Hosoya
- Department of Forensic Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Harada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan; Department of Legal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Jun Kanetake
- Department of Forensic Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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3
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Li M, Tan H, Gao T, Han L, Teng X, Wang F, Zhang X. Gypensapogenin I Ameliorates Isoproterenol (ISO)-Induced Myocardial Damage through Regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:5298. [PMID: 36014544 PMCID: PMC9416370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a common pathological feature of many heart diseases and seriously threatens the normal activity of the heart. Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum) tea is a functional food that is commercially available worldwide. Gypensapogenin I (Gyp I), which is a novel dammarane-type saponin, was obtained from the hydrolysates of total gypenosides. It has been reported to exert a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect. In our study, we attempted to investigate the efficiency and possible molecular mechanism of Gyp I in cardiac injury treatment induced by ISO. In vitro, Gyp I was found to increase the survival rate of H9c2 cells and inhibit apoptosis. Combined with molecular docking and Western blot analysis, Gyp I was confirmed to regulate the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. In vivo, C57BL6 mice were subcutaneously injected with 10 mg/kg ISO to induce heart failure. Mice were given a gavage of Gyp I (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/d for three weeks). Pathological alterations, fibrosis-, inflammation-, and apoptosis-related molecules were examined. By means of cardiac function detection, biochemical index analysis, QRT-PCR monitoring, histopathological staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis, it was elucidated that Gyp I could improve cardiac dysfunction, alleviate collagen deposition, and reduce myocardial fibrosis (MF). In summary, we reported for the first time that Gyp I showed good myocardial protective activity in vitro and in vivo, and its mechanism was related to the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fang Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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4
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MiRNAs and circRNAs for the Diagnosis of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071059. [PMID: 35887556 PMCID: PMC9315470 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent type of female cancer with increasing incidence in recent years. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an important backbone chemotherapy in BC, responsible for cardiotoxicity (CTX) in about 9% of treated women within the first year. Biomarkers of early CTX diagnosis are essential to avoid complicated DOX-related cardiac diseases. Traditional serum biomarkers are either poorly sensitive with transient elevation, and even absent if investigated outside their diagnostic window, or arise only in late-stage CTX. Emerging biomarkers such as non-coding RNA (ncRNA) have been recently investigated in DOX-related CTX. In our review, we revised the role of microRNAs, the most studied type of ncRNA, both in animal and human models, highlighting the interesting but often contrasting results. Moreover, we reviewed a novel class of ncRNA, circular RNA (circRNA), focusing on their modulatory mechanisms also involving microRNAs. MicroRNA and circRNA are players in a wide homeostatic balance with their perturbation representing a possible compensation for DOX damage. Further studies are required to assess the modalities of early detection of their variation in BC patients suffering from heart disease induced by DOX treatment.
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5
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Shen NN, Wang JL, Fu YP. The microRNA Expression Profiling in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:856358. [PMID: 35783849 PMCID: PMC9240229 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.856358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is a main consequence of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Abnormal expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) in HF are observed in current studies. Novel biomarkers miRNAs may play an important role in the development of HF. Nevertheless, the inconsistency of miRNA expression limits the clinical application. We thus perform this systematic review of the miRNAs expression profiling to identify potential HF biomarkers. Methods The electronic databases of Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify the miRNA expression profiles between HF subjects and non-HF controls before May 26th, 2021. The pooled results were shown as log10 odds ratios (logORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effect models. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to species, region, and sample source. The quality assessment of included studies was independently conducted based on Diagnostic Accuracy Study 2 (QUADAS-2). The sensitivity analysis was conducted based on sample size. Results A total of 55 miRNA expression articles reporting 276 miRNAs of HF were included. 47 consistently up-regulated and 10 down-regulated miRNAs were identified in the overall analysis, with the most up-regulated miR-21 (logOR 8.02; 95% CI: 6.76–9.27, P < 0.001) and the most down-regulated miR-30c (logOR 6.62; 95% CI: 3.04–10.20, P < 0.001). The subgroup analysis of sample source identified 35 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated miRNAs in blood sample, the most up-regulated and down-regulated miRNAs were miR-210-3p and miR-30c, respectively. In the region sub-groups, let-7i-5p and miR-129 were most up-regulated and down-regulated in Asian countries, while in non-Asian countries, let-7e-5p and miR-30c were the most dysregulated. It’s worth noting that miR-622 was consistently up-regulated in both Asian and non-Asian countries. Sensitivity analysis showed that 46 out of 58 (79.31%) miRNAs were dysregulated. Conclusion A total of 57 consistently dysregulated miRNAs related to HF were confirmed in this study. Seven dysregulated miRNAs (miR-21, miR-30c, miR-210-3p, let-7i-5p, miR-129, let-7e-5p, and miR-622) may be considered as potential non-invasive biomarkers for HF. However, further validation in larger-scale studies are needed to verify our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jia-Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia-Liang Wang,
| | - Yong-ping Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Yong-ping Fu,
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Okan A, Doğanyiğit Z, Eroğlu E, Akyüz E, Demir N. Immunoreactive definition of TNF- α, HIF-1 α, Kir6.2, Kir3.1 and M2 muscarinic receptor for cardiac and pancreatic tissues in a mouse model for type 1 diabetes. Life Sci 2021; 284:119886. [PMID: 34389402 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Okan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
| | - Züleyha Doğanyiğit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
| | - Ece Eroğlu
- School of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
| | - Enes Akyüz
- Department of Biophysics, School of International Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Necdet Demir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
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Feng H, Xie B, Zhang Z, Yan J, Cheng M, Zhou Y. MiR-135a Protects against Myocardial Injury by Targeting TLR4. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:529-536. [PMID: 34078799 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) as functional regulators in cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the functional significance of miR-135a in the regulation of cardiac injury after isoprenaline (ISO) stimulation and the underlying mechanisms of its effects. Murine models with cardiac-specific overexpression of miR-135a were constructed with an adeno-associated virus expression system. The cardiac injury model was induced by ISO injection (60 mg/kg per day for 14 d). In vitro, we used H9c2 cells to establish a cell injury model by ISO stimulation (10 µM). The results indicated that miR-135a was increased during days 0-6 of ISO injection and was then downregulated during days 8-14 of ISO injection. The expression of miR-135a was consistent with the in vivo findings. Moreover, mice with cardiac overexpression of miR-135a exhibited reduced cardiac fibrosis, lactate dehydrogenase levels, Troponin I, inflammatory response and apoptosis. Overexpression of miR-135a also ameliorated cardiac dysfunction induced by ISO. MiR-135 overexpression in H9c2 cells increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis and inflammation in response to ISO. Conversely, miR-135 silencing in H9c2 cells decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis and inflammation in response to ISO. Mechanistically, we found that miR-135a negatively regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which was confirmed by luciferase assay. Furthermore, the TLR4 inhibitor eritoran abolished the adverse effect of miR-135 silencing. Overall, miR-135a promotes ISO-induced cardiac injury by inhibiting the TLR4 pathway. MiR-135a may be a therapeutic agent for cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Zhuoqi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Mingyue Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Yafeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
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8
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Brun MJ, Song K, Kang B, Lueck C, Chen W, Thatcher K, Gao E, Koch WJ, Lincoln J, Rajan S, Suh J. Constructing and evaluating caspase-activatable adeno-associated virus vector for gene delivery to the injured heart. J Control Release 2020; 328:834-845. [PMID: 33157191 PMCID: PMC7770761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a promising vector for gene therapy, but its broad tropism can be detrimental if the transgene being delivered is harmful when expressed ubiquitously in the body, i.e. in non-target tissues. Delivering the transgene of interest to target cells at levels high enough to be therapeutically effective while maintaining safety by minimizing delivery to off-target cells is a prevalent challenge in the field of gene therapy. We have developed a protease activatable vector (provector) platform based on AAV9 that can be injected systemically to deliver therapeutic transgenes site-specifically to diseased cells by responding to extracellular proteases present at the disease site. The provector platform consists of a peptide insertion into the virus capsid which disrupts the virus' ability to bind to cell surface receptors. This peptide contains a blocking motif (aspartic acid residues) flanked on either side by cleavage sequences that are recognized by certain proteases. Exposure to proteases cleaves the peptides off the capsid, activating or "switching ON" the provector. In response to the activation, the provectors regain their ability to bind and transduce cells. Here, we have designed a provector that is activated by cysteine aspartic proteases (caspases), which have roles in inflammation and apoptosis and thus are elevated at sites of diseases such as heart failure, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemic stroke. This provector demonstrates a 200-fold reduction in transduction ability in the OFF state compared to AAV9, reducing the virus' ability to transduce off-target healthy tissue. Following exposure to and proteolysis by caspase-3, the provector shows a 95-fold increase in transduction compared to the OFF state. The switchable transduction behavior was found to be a direct result of the peptide insertion ablating the ability of the virus to bind to cells. In vivo studies were conducted to characterize the biodistribution, blood circulation time, neutralizing antibody formation, and targeted delivery ability of the caspase-activatable provector in a model of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Brun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Kefan Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Byunguk Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Cooper Lueck
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Weitong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Thatcher
- Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Sudarsan Rajan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Junghae Suh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States.
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9
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MicroRNAs in the diagnosis and prevention of drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Zebrafish heart failure models: opportunities and challenges. Amino Acids 2018; 50:787-798. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Circulating miR-1 as a potential biomarker of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6994-7002. [PMID: 28052002 PMCID: PMC5351685 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is associated with the chronic use of doxorubicin leading to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Identification of cardiotoxicity-specific miRNA biomarkers could provide clinicians with a valuable prognostic tool. The aim of the study was to evaluate circulating levels of miRNAs in breast cancer patients receiving doxorubicin treatment and to correlate with cardiac function. This is an ancillary study from “Carvedilol Effect on Chemotherapy-induced Cardiotoxicity” (CECCY trial), which included 56 female patients (49.9±3.3 years of age) from the placebo arm. Enrolled patients were treated with doxorubicin followed by taxanes. cTnI, LVEF, and miRNAs were measured periodically. Circulating levels of miR-1, -133b, -146a, and -423-5p increased during the treatment whereas miR-208a and -208b were undetectable. cTnI increased from 6.6±0.3 to 46.7±5.5 pg/mL (p<0.001), while overall LVEF tended to decrease from 65.3±0.5 to 63.8±0.9 (p=0.053) over 12 months. Ten patients (17.9%) developed cardiotoxicity showing a decrease in LVEF from 67.2±1.0 to 58.8±2.7 (p=0.005). miR-1 was associated with changes in LVEF (r=-0.531, p<0.001). In a ROC curve analysis miR-1 showed an AUC greater than cTnI to discriminate between patients who did and did not develop cardiotoxicity (AUC = 0.851 and 0.544, p= 0.0016). Our data suggest that circulating miR-1 might be a potential new biomarker of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients.
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Berridge BR, Schultze AE, Heyen JR, Searfoss GH, Sarazan RD. Technological Advances in Cardiovascular Safety Assessment Decrease Preclinical Animal Use and Improve Clinical Relevance. ILAR J 2017; 57:120-132. [PMID: 28053066 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) safety liabilities are significant concerns for drug developers and preclinical animal studies are predominately where those liabilities are characterized before patient exposures. Steady progress in technology and laboratory capabilities is enabling a more refined and informative use of animals in those studies. The application of surgically implantable and telemetered instrumentation in the acute assessment of drug effects on CV function has significantly improved historical approaches that involved anesthetized or restrained animals. More chronically instrumented animals and application of common clinical imaging assessments like echocardiography and MRI extend functional and in-life structural assessments into the repeat-dose setting. A growing portfolio of circulating CV biomarkers is allowing longitudinal and repeated measures of cardiac and vascular injury and dysfunction better informing an understanding of temporal pathogenesis and allowing earlier detection of undesirable effects. In vitro modeling systems of the past were limited by their lack of biological relevance to the in vivo human condition. Advances in stem cell technology and more complex in vitro modeling platforms are quickly creating more opportunity to supplant animals in our earliest assessments for liabilities. Continuing improvement in our capabilities in both animal and nonanimal modeling should support a steady decrease in animal use for primary liability identification and optimize the translational relevance of the animal studies we continue to do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Berridge
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| | - A Eric Schultze
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| | - Jon R Heyen
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| | - George H Searfoss
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| | - R Dustan Sarazan
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
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13
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Zhang J, Xing Q, Zhou X, Li J, Li Y, Zhang L, Zhou Q, Tang B. Circulating miRNA‑21 is a promising biomarker for heart failure. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7766-7774. [PMID: 28944900 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA 21 (miRNA‑21) promotes the development of cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy and heart failure. However, whether it can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure remains unclear. The current study assessed circulating miRNA‑21 as a viable indicator for diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure. The levels of miRNA‑21 and brain natriuretic peptide were measured in serum obtained from the peripheral vein (miRNA‑21‑PV) and coronary sinus (miRNA‑21‑CS) of 80 patients with heart failure and 40 control individuals via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively. The correlations between circulating miRNA‑21 and diagnosis, severity, prognosis and re‑hospitalization rate of heart failure were evaluated using statistical analysis. Serum miRNA‑21‑PV and miRNA‑21‑CS levels of patients with heart failure were significantly higher than that of control subjects, and were also correlated with ejection fraction and brain natriuretic peptide. Both were determined to have high levels of sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing heart failure. Follow‑up of the patients with heart failure indicated that miRNA‑21‑PV and miRNA‑21‑CS were correlated with prognosis, and miRNA‑21‑CS was efficient in predicting re‑hospitalization for heart failure. Circulating miRNA‑21 has potential to be a biomarker of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xing
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xianhui Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jinxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yaodong Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Qina Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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14
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Abstract
Organ damage and resulting pathologies often involve multiple deregulated pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate a multitude of genes at the post-transcriptional level. Since their discovery over two decades ago, miRNAs have been established as key players in the molecular mechanisms of mammalian biology including the maintenance of normal homeostasis and the regulation of disease pathogenesis. In recent years, there has been substantial progress in innovative techniques to measure miRNAs along with advances in targeted delivery of agents modulating their expression. This has expanded the scope of miRNAs from being important mediators of cell signaling to becoming viable quantitative biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Currently, miRNA therapeutics are in clinical trials for multiple disease areas and vast numbers of patents have been filed for miRNAs involved in various pathological states. In this review, we summarize miRNAs involved in organ injury and repair, specifically with regard to organs that are the most susceptible to injury: the liver, heart and kidney. In addition, we review the current state of knowledge on miRNA biology, miRNA biomarkers and nucleotide-based therapeutics designed to target miRNAs to prevent organ injury and promote repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory V Gerlach
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Room 562, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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15
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Cardiac-specific miRNA in cardiogenesis, heart function, and cardiac pathology (with focus on myocardial infarction). J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 94:107-121. [PMID: 27056419 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac miRNAs (miR-1, miR133a, miR-208a/b, and miR-499) are abundantly expressed in the myocardium. They play a central role in cardiogenesis, heart function and pathology. While miR-1 and miR-133a predominantly control early stages of cardiogenesis supporting commitment of cardiac-specific muscle lineage from embryonic stem cells and mesodermal precursors, miR-208 and miR-499 are involved in the late cardiogenic stages mediating differentiation of cardioblasts to cardiomyocytes and fast/slow muscle fiber specification. In the heart, miR-1/133a control cardiac conductance and automaticity by regulating all phases of the cardiac action potential. miR-208/499 located in introns of the heavy chain myosin genes regulate expression of sarcomeric contractile proteins. In cardiac pathology including myocardial infarction (MI), expression of cardiac miRNAs is markedly altered that leads to deleterious effects associated with heart wounding, arrhythmia, increased apoptosis, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and tissue remodeling. In acute MI, circulating levels of cardiac miRNAs are significantly elevated making them to be a promising diagnostic marker for early diagnosis of acute MI. Great cardiospecific capacity of these miRNAs is very helpful for enhancing regenerative properties and survival of stem cell and cardiac progenitor transplants and for reprogramming of mature non-cardiac cells to cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
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16
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Koturbash I, Tolleson WH, Guo L, Yu D, Chen S, Hong H, Mattes W, Ning B. microRNAs as pharmacogenomic biomarkers for drug efficacy and drug safety assessment. Biomark Med 2015; 9:1153-76. [PMID: 26501795 PMCID: PMC5712454 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Much evidence has documented that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the modulation of interindividual variability in the production of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) and nuclear receptors (NRs) through multidirectional interactions involving environmental stimuli/stressors, the expression of miRNA molecules and genetic polymorphisms. MiRNA expression has been reported to be affected by drugs and miRNAs themselves may affect drug metabolism and toxicity. In cancer research, miRNA biomarkers have been identified to mediate intrinsic and acquired resistance to cancer therapies. In drug safety assessment, miRNAs have been found associated with cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. This review article summarizes published studies to show that miRNAs can serve as early biomarkers for the evaluation of drug efficacy and drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - William H Tolleson
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Dianke Yu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Si Chen
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - William Mattes
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Baitang Ning
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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17
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Wang W, Shi Q, Mattes WB, Mendrick DL, Yang X. Translating extracellular microRNA into clinical biomarkers for drug-induced toxicity: from high-throughput profiling to validation. Biomark Med 2015; 9:1177-88. [PMID: 26501984 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 5 years, extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are being vigorously explored as injury biomarkers, including drug-induced cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Currently, the development of miRNAs as clinical biomarkers has been hindered by the lack of standardization. Therefore, extracellular miRNA-based biomarkers have not been embraced as diagnostic tools. Each platform has its strengths and weaknesses when working with low-input-amount RNA samples from body fluids; the selection of a miRNA quantification approach should be based on the study design. The following review provides a summary of the extracellular miRNA release and stability in body fluids, performances of different miRNA quantification platforms, existing clinical gold standards for drug-induced tissue damage and translation of the miRNA biomarkers from the nonclinical to clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.,Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Qiang Shi
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Williams B Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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18
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Glineur SF, De Ron P, Hanon E, Valentin JP, Dremier S, da Costa AN. Paving the Route to Plasma miR-208a-3p as an Acute Cardiac Injury Biomarker: Preclinical Rat Data Supports Its Use in Drug Safety Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:89-97. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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19
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Oliveira-Carvalho V, Ferreira LRP, Bocchi EA. Circulating mir-208a fails as a biomarker of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1071-2. [PMID: 26046768 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Oliveira-Carvalho
- Núcleo de Insuficiência Cardíaca do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da, Faculdade de Medicina da USP (InCor HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunologia do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da, Faculdade de Medicina da USP (InCor HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edimar Alcides Bocchi
- Núcleo de Insuficiência Cardíaca do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da, Faculdade de Medicina da USP (InCor HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Marrone AK, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. The role for microRNAs in drug toxicity and in safety assessment. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:601-11. [PMID: 25739314 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1021687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse drug reactions present significant challenges that impact pharmaceutical development and are major burdens to public health services worldwide. In response to this need, the field of toxicology is rapidly expanding to identify key pathways involved in drug toxicity. AREAS COVERED MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small evolutionary conserved endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate the translation of protein-coding genes. A wide range of toxicants alter miRNA levels in target organs and these altered miRNAs can also be detected in easily accessible biological fluids. This, combined with an early miRNA response to toxic insults and miRNA stability, substantiates the potential for these small molecules to be useful biomarkers for drug safety assessment. EXPERT OPINION miRNAs are early indicators and useful tools to detect drug-induced toxicity. Incorporation of miRNA profiling into the drug safety testing process will complement currently used techniques and may substantially enhance drug safety. With the increasing interests in translational research, the field of miRNA biomarker research will continue to expand and become an important part of the investigation of human drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April K Marrone
- FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Biochemical Toxicology , Jefferson, AR , USA
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