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Zaheer J, Lee HS, Kim S, Jang J, Kim H, Choi J, Park MH, Kim JS. Microplastic polyethylene induced inner ear dysfunction in murine model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135193. [PMID: 39029192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
While the hazardous effects of microplastics (MPs) are increasingly reported, it remains uncertain if MPs induce inner ear dysfunction. Nonetheless, prevalence of inner ear dysfunction was observed across all age groups. In this study, we investigated whether MP polyethylene affect inner ear function in a murine model. To detect hearing loss and balance defect after polyethylene (PE) exposure, we evaluated hearing threshold levels, assessed cerebral glucose metabolism, conducted transcriptome analysis, and performed behavioral studies. C57BL/6 J mice (5-week-old) were grouped into control (n = 10) and PE-fed groups (n = 10). Mice were orally administered 100 ppm/100 μL (equivalent to 10 μg) of PE every day for 4 months. We identified the accumulation of PE in the cochlea and vestibular region. The fragmented PE in inner ear was 3.00 ± 0.38 µm in size; the administered PE concentration was 1.14 ± 1.06 mg/g. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry confirmed that the properties of the MP were identical with those of PE fed to the mice. Transcriptomic analysis showed up-regulation of PER1, NR4A3 and CEBPB at the PE exposed inner ear tissue and it was confirmed using qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. We observed abnormalities in balance related behavior assessment in the PE group. Exposure to PE increased the hearing thresholds and decreased glucose metabolism in the bilateral lateral entorhinal cortex, right primary auditory cortex, and right secondary auditory cortex. We can conclude that PE exposure induced inner ear dysfunction such as hearing loss and balance disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Zaheer
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoun Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Jang
- School of Integrative Engineering, College of ICT Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongi Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, College of ICT Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea.
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Dumkliang A, Pentrakan A, Dumkliang E. Epidemiological Profile of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Diseases in the Outpatient Department at Thung Song Hospital, a General Hospital in Southern Thailand, from 2016 to 2019. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:2531-2536. [PMID: 38883503 PMCID: PMC11169439 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for ear, nose, and throat (ENT) care significantly contributes to the workload in outpatient departments (OPDs) worldwide, including Thailand. However, the epidemiology of ENT diseases in Thai OPDs has not been thoroughly reported. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and describe the epidemiology of these conditions among patients attending the ENT clinic at Thung Song Hospital, marking the first epidemiological report of southern Thailand. This retrospective, descriptive study spanned four years and observed the number of ENT patients. The comprehensive dataset revealed a total of 34,848 ENT visits and 12,712 new cases within the ENT clinic's OPD, averaging 3,178 case instances annually. Notably, over a quarter of the patients were classified as elderly, aged 60 years or older. Of significance, the prevalence of ENT diseases among females exceeded that of males by more than 15% each year. Specific age groups revealed distinct prevalent conditions: otitis externa was most common among children, benign tumors prevailed in adults, and sensorineural hearing loss was prominent among the elderly. This study endeavor aims to deepen the understanding of the epidemiology of these diseases. Such investigations could guide the refinement of healthcare approaches targeting ENT-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunrat Dumkliang
- Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Diseases, Thung Song Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80110 Thailand
| | - Amarawan Pentrakan
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Ekachai Dumkliang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
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Zhang H, Zhang Q, He K, Chen M, Chen Y, Su D, Tang H, Lin W, Chen S. Dilatation Eustachian tuboplasty with a Eustachian tube video endoscope and supporting balloon. J Laryngol Otol 2024; 138:246-252. [PMID: 38084610 PMCID: PMC10876451 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215123001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and safety of employing a Eustachian tube video endoscope with a supporting balloon as a viable treatment and examination option for patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction. METHODS A study involving nine fresh human cadaver heads was conducted to investigate the potential of balloon dilatation Eustachian tuboplasty using a Eustachian tube video endoscope and a supporting balloon catheter. The Eustachian tube cavity was examined with the Eustachian tube video endoscope during the procedure, which involved the dilatation of the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube with the supporting balloon catheter. RESULTS The utilisation of the Eustachian tube video endoscope in conjunction with the supporting balloon catheter demonstrated technical ease during the procedure, with no observed damage to essential structures, particularly the Eustachian tube cavity. CONCLUSION This newly introduced method of dilatation and examination of the Eustachian tube cavity using a Eustachian tube video endoscope and the supporting balloon is a feasible, safe procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, China
| | - Kunwu He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, China
| | - Minqi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Dongliang Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, China
| | - Haobin Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, China
| | - Weifen Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, China
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Bernkopf E, Cristalli G, de Vincentiis GC, Bernkopf G, Capriotti V. Temporomandibular Joint and Otitis Media: A Narrative Review of Implications in Etiopathogenesis and Treatment. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58121806. [PMID: 36557008 PMCID: PMC9786198 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) and its recurring (rAOM), effusive (OME), and chronic forms, represent a frequent clinical challenge. The middle ear, the mandible, and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) share several embryological and anatomical connections. Despite that, the role of mandibular malposition and TMJ dysfunction is frequently overlooked in the management of otitis media. In this narrative review, we present current evidence supporting the etiopathogenetic role of a dysfunctional stomatognathic system in the onset of OM and the effectiveness of orthognathic treatment in preventing rAOM and OME. In particular, a focus on the influence of TMJ on Eustachian tube function is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Cristalli
- Otolaryngology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Via della Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (V.C.); Tel.: +39-066-859-4135 (G.C.); +39-351-768-6445 (V.C.)
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Capriotti
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio-Caravaggio Hospital, Piazzale Ospedale Luigi Meneguzzo 1, 20047 Treviglio, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (V.C.); Tel.: +39-066-859-4135 (G.C.); +39-351-768-6445 (V.C.)
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Elzinga HBE, van Oorschot HD, Stegeman I, Smit AL. Relation between otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050108. [PMID: 34385254 PMCID: PMC8362691 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review summarises the evidence on the correlation between recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) or chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). RESEARCH METHODS PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to 15 January 2021. Two authors independently identified articles, extracted data and performed quality assessment for included studies. Studies comparing the sensorineural hearing levels of patients with a history of rAOM/CSOM for >3 months to a control group were included. RESULTS Screening of 4168 articles lead to inclusion of two case-control studies (control-group: patients non-OM) and seven cohort-studies (control group: contralateral ear). Quality assessment indicated considerable risk of bias in all studies. Reported populations varied (sample size 13-607, mean age 22-41.5 years, mean duration of disease 6.1-12.4 years). The OR for SNHL in the OM-group was 3.30-7.86 (95% CI 1.16 to 9.40, p<0.05) in cohort studies (n=2), and 0.05 (95% CI 0 to 0.78, p<0.05) in a case-control study. Mean/median bone conduction thresholds were respectively 1.19-32.21/0-10 dB higher on all frequencies (0.5-4 kHz) for the OM-group in four cohort studies (p<0.05). Two other studies reported no statistical test outcomes. CONCLUSION Due to the high risk of bias of included studies, effect estimates heterogeneity and suboptimal research designs, no conclusion on the correlation between OM and SNHL can be made. It emphasises the need for future prognostic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana L Smit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Hardani AK, Moghimi Esfandabadi F, Delphi M, Ali Samir M, Zamiri Abdollahi F. Risk Factors for Otitis Media in Children Referred to Abuzar Hospital in Ahvaz: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2020; 12:e9766. [PMID: 32944478 PMCID: PMC7489764 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Otitis media is one of the most common causes of infection in preschool children. The most damaging complication of otitis media is temporary or permanent hearing loss. This study aimed to determine the important risk factors for otitis media. Methods In this case-control study, 625 children aged six months to seven years were examined from winter to spring 2020, and 53 children with otitis media were allocated to the case group and the same number to the control group. The chi-square test was used to identify the risk factors affecting otitis media, and the risk factors were compared between the case and control groups. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between the incidence of otitis media and risk factors. Results Bivariate analysis revealed the following primary risk factors for otitis media: using pacifiers or bottle feeding, working mother, seasonal rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, tonsillopharyngitis, rhinorrhea, and adenoid hypertrophy (P<0.05). In logistic regression analysis, using pacifiers or bottle feeding (odds ratio [OR]=0.156, P=0.000), working mother (OR=0.226, P=0.000), seasonal rhinitis (OR=0.175, P=0.000), allergic rhinitis (OR=5.20, P=0.000) and adenoid hypertrophy (OR=1.57, P=0.000) were identified as the most important risk factors. Conclusion Adenoid hypertrophy and allergic rhinitis increased the risk of otitis media more than the other risk factors. Therefore, pediatricians should increase their awareness of the existence of these risk factors in a patient, and take the appropriate diagnostic steps and implement therapeutic care to prevent language and speech complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kamal Hardani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IRN
| | - Fatemeh Moghimi Esfandabadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IRN
| | - Maryam Delphi
- Department of Audiology, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IRN
| | - Mohsen Ali Samir
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IRN
| | - Farzaneh Zamiri Abdollahi
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Otitis media (OM) is a disease with very high prevalence in infancy, substantial burden on healthcare resources, and relevant impact on the quality of life of families. The link between OM and allergy is controversial and still debated. However, a fundamental premise has to be placed before introducing this topic: there is the need to use clear and unambiguous terms. Literature abounds with misleading terms that significantly affect the methodology and consequently the outcomes. Moreover, it is essential to differentiate patients according to the OM type (i.e., acute OM, OM with effusion, and chronic suppurative OM), the allergic disease, and mainly the age. RECENT FINDINGS There are some recent studies exploring this issue through different approaches, such as epidemiological, mechanistic, and therapeutic. To identify allergy as a pathogenic factor for OM could improve the management of OM patients. Vice versa, to suspect allergy in OM patients could be reasonable in selected patients. The current narrative review provides an overview of the evidence concerning the potential role of allergy in OM. As there are conflicting findings, a possible interpretation of pathophysiological events and a pragmatic approach are proposed.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Otitis media (OM) is a spectrum of infectious and inflammatory diseases that involve the middle ear. It includes acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME) and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). AREAS COVERED This manuscript discusses some of the emerging and unsolved problems regarding OM, and some of the newly developed prophylactic and therapeutic medical measures. EXPERT OPINION In recent years, considerable progress in the knowledge of OM physiopathology has been made. However, although extremely common, diseases included under OM have not been adequately studied, and many areas of development, evolution and possible treatments of these pathologies are not defined. It is necessary that these deficiencies be quickly overcome if we want to reduce the total burden of a group of diseases that still have extremely high medical, social and economic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Principi
- Emeritus of Pediatrics, Università Degli Studi Di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
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Flohr S, Hartmann AK, Kierdorf H, Schultz M, Kierdorf U. Histomorphological study on hypocellularity in mastoid processes from archaeological human skeletons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 26:27-36. [PMID: 31181465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate processes causing two types of mastoid hypocellularity (Type 1 and Type 3), and to provide histomorphological criteria for a differential diagnosis in archaeological human bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight human crania from the early medieval cemetery in Dirmstein (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany) displaying secondary obliteration of mastoid air cells were analyzed using light-microscopy and backscattered electron imaging. RESULTS In Type 1 hypocellularity, obliteration starts in the non-pneumatized portion of the mastoid process and extends into the pneumatized portion. The findings could represent a chronic, maybe recurrent condition related to a pathologically altered middle ear mucosa in early childhood. In Type 3, a sequence of resorptive and proliferative processes are present and are consistent with a healing stage of mastoiditis. CONCLUSIONS Using histomorphology, in vivo processes resulting in different types of mastoid hypocellularity can be assessed, even in bones that have undergone some degree of diagenesis. SIGNIFICANCE The study provides methods to evaluate the etiology of histomorphological changes of the mastoid process, which potentially provides insight into the presence of infection and inflammation in past populations. LIMITATIONS Diagenetic modifications of archaeological bone can hinder assessment of histomorphological change, requiring careful evaluation during analysis. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Including histomorphology in future studies on archaeological human crania can contribute to an improved differential diagnosis of pathological conditions in the middle ear region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Flohr
- University of Hildesheim, Department of Biology, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany.
| | - Anna K Hartmann
- University of Hildesheim, Department of Biology, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Horst Kierdorf
- University of Hildesheim, Department of Biology, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Michael Schultz
- University of Hildesheim, Department of Biology, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany; University Medical School Göttingen, Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, Kreuzbergring 36, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Kierdorf
- University of Hildesheim, Department of Biology, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
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Lee J, Leichtle A, Zuckerman E, Pak K, Spriggs M, Wasserman SI, Kurabi A. NOD1/NOD2-mediated recognition of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae activates innate immunity during otitis media. Innate Immun 2019; 25:503-512. [PMID: 31474163 PMCID: PMC6900663 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919872266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen recognition following infection in mammals depends mainly on TLRs and
NLRs. Herein, we evaluate the role of NOD1 and NOD2 signaling in the
inflammatory responses of the middle ear (ME) mucosa and leukocytes recruitment
to infection site during otitis media (OM). OM is a common pediatric disease
with prevalent repercussions on hearing health. While many risk factors have
been implicated to OM proneness, immunity and the triggering of inflammation are
central to OM pathology. We observed that many genes encoding members of the NOD
leucine-rich repeat and their downstream adaptor/effector molecules were
strongly regulated during the course of OM. When compared to wild type C57BL/6
mice, NOD1- and NOD2-deficient mice were susceptible to prolonged OM infection
by non-typeable Haemophilus influenza. NOD1-deficient mice
appeared to have reduced macrophage enlistment with a delayed inflammatory
response by neutrophils and prolonged mucosal hyperplasia, whereas NOD2
knockouts exhibited an overall reduction in the number of leukocytes recruited
to the ME, leading to delayed bacterial clearance. Altogether, these data show
that the NODs play a role in the pathogenesis and recovery of OM and reinforce
the importance of innate immune signaling in the protective host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Anke Leichtle
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Emily Zuckerman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Kwang Pak
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, USA.,San Diego Veterans Administration Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meghan Spriggs
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | - Arwa Kurabi
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, USA.,San Diego Veterans Administration Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Clarke S, Richmond R, Worth H, Wagle R, Hayen A. Effect of a participatory intervention in women's self-help groups for the prevention of chronic suppurative otitis media in their children in Jumla Nepal: a cluster-randomised trial. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:163. [PMID: 31122224 PMCID: PMC6533658 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) causes preventable deafness and disproportionately affects children living in poverty. Our hypothesis was that health promotion in women’s groups would increase their knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding ear disease and reduce the prevalence of CSOM in their children. Methods We did a cluster randomised trial in two village development committees (VDCs) in Jumla, Nepal. In July 2014, 30 women’s groups were randomly allocated to intervention or control, stratified by VDC and distance to the road. The intervention groups participated in three sessions of health promotion using the WHO Hearing and Ear Care Training Resource Basic Level. The primary outcome was women’s KAP score and the secondary outcome was prevalence of CSOM in their children at 12 month follow-up. Analyses were by intention to treat. Participants and the research team were not masked to allocation. Results In June and July 2014 we recruited 508 women and 937 of their children. 12 months later there was no difference in the women’s KAP score (mean difference 0.14, 95% CI − 0.1 to 0.38, P = 0.25) or the prevalence of CSOM in their children (OR 1.10, 95%CI 0.62 to 1.84, P = 0.75) between intervention and control groups. However, overall, there was a significant improvement in the KAP score (mean difference − 0.51, 95% CI − 0.71,to − 0.31, P < 0.0001) and in the prevalence of CSOM from baseline 11.2% to follow-up 7.1% (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Health promotion in women’s groups did not improve maternal KAP or reduce prevalence of CSOM. Over time there was a significant improvement in women’s KAP score and reduction in the prevalence of CSOM which may be attributable to our presence in the community offering treatment to affected children, talking to their parents and providing ciprofloxacin drops to the local health posts. More research is needed in low resource settings to test our findings. Trial registration Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry 12,614,000,231,640; Date of registration: 5.3.2014: Prospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-019-1539-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Clarke
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Robyn Richmond
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Heather Worth
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rajendra Wagle
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharaganj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Andrew Hayen
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Goycoolea MV, Castro M, Galvez M, Montoya C, Fuentes J, Silva-Pinto V. Otitis media and mastoiditis in temporal bones of prehistoric Chilean populations. A paleopathological and paleoepidemiological study. Acta Otolaryngol 2019; 139:340-344. [PMID: 30794067 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2018.1530800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates otitis media in prehistoric populations in northern Chile. AIMS/OBJECTIVES Determining prevalence of otitis media and diagnostic usefulness of temporal-bone X-rays in skulls. MATERIALS AND METHODS 444 skulls belonging to three groups: prehistoric-coastal (400-1000 AD), prehistoric-highland (400-1000 AD) and Pisagua-Regional Developments (1000-1450 AD). Skulls were evaluated visually and with Schuller's view X-rays. Five skulls diagnosed as having had otitis media, five diagnosed as normal, and one with temporal bone fistula also had a computed tomography (CT). RESULTS Changes suggestive of otitis media were present in Prehistoric-coastal 53.57%; Pisagua-Regional Developments 70.73%; prehistoric-highlands 47.90%. Diagnostic effectiveness of Schuller's view X-rays for assesing middle ear disease was confirmed by CT studies. The case with temporal bone fistula had changes suggestive of mastoiditis and possible post auricular abscess. CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of otitis media in prehistoric populations in Chile. The higher prevalence in one group was presumably due to racial factors. Temporal-bone X-rays are effective for massive evaluation of ear disease in skulls. A case of mastoiditis with temporal bone fistula and possible post-auricular abscess is documented. SIGNIFICANCE Documenting racial factors in otitis media. Validating X-rays for massive evaluation of otitis media in skulls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Castro
- Department of Morphology, Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Galvez
- Department of Radiology, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Montoya
- Radiology Innovation Center, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
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Marom T, Kraus O, Habashi N, Tamir SO. Emerging Technologies for the Diagnosis of Otitis Media. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 160:447-456. [PMID: 30396324 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818809337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review new experimental techniques for the diagnosis of otitis media (OM). DATA SOURCES Literature search in English in the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Ovid Medline, Google Scholar, and Clinical Evidence (BMJ Publishing) between January 1, 2005, and April 30, 2018. Subsequently, articles were reviewed and included only if relevant. REVIEW METHODS MeSH terms: ["diagnosis"] AND [all forms of OM] AND ["human"] AND ["ear"] and ["tympanic membrane"]. The retrieved innovative diagnostic techniques rely on and take advantage of the physical properties of the tympanomastoid cavity components: tympanic membrane (TM) thickness, its translucency and compliance; middle ear fluid characteristics; biofilm presence; increased tissue metabolic activity in OM states; and fluid presence in the mastoid cavity. These parameters are taken into account to establish OM diagnosis objectively. We review spectral gradient acoustic reflectometry, digital otoscopy, TM image analysis, multicolor reflectance imaging, anticonfocal middle ear assessment, optical coherence tomography, quantitative pneumatic otoscopy, transmastoid ultrasound, wideband measurements, TM thickness mapping, shortwave infrared imaging, and wideband acoustic transfer functions. CONCLUSIONS New experimental techniques are gradually introduced to overcome the limitations of standard otoscopy. The aforementioned techniques are still under investigation and are pending widespread clinical use. The implementation of these techniques in the market is dependent on their success in clinical trials, as well as on their future cost. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE New techniques for the diagnosis of OM can objectively evaluate the morphology of the TM, determine the presence of middle ear fluid and evaluate its content, and thus potentially replace standard otoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Marom
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ben Gurion University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Oded Kraus
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ben Gurion University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Nadeem Habashi
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ben Gurion University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Sharon Ovnat Tamir
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ben Gurion University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ashdod, Israel
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Coleman A, Wood A, Bialasiewicz S, Ware RS, Marsh RL, Cervin A. The unsolved problem of otitis media in indigenous populations: a systematic review of upper respiratory and middle ear microbiology in indigenous children with otitis media. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:199. [PMID: 30396360 PMCID: PMC6219068 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Otitis media (OM) imposes a great burden of disease in indigenous populations around the world, despite a variety of treatment and prevention programs. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of OM in indigenous populations is required to advance treatment and reduce prevalence. We conducted a systematic review of the literature exploring the upper airway and middle ear microbiota in relation to OM in indigenous children. METHODS Papers targeting microbiota in relation to OM in children < 18 years indigenous to Australia, New Zealand, North America, and Greenland were sought. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Informit databases were searched using key words. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and then full-text papers against inclusion criteria according to PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Twenty-five papers considering indigenous Australian, Alaskan, and Greenlandic children were included. There were high rates of nasopharyngeal colonization with the three main otopathogens (Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis) in indigenous children with OM. Middle ear samples had lower rates of otopathogen detection, although detection rates increased when molecular methods were used. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were commonly detected in middle ear discharge of children with chronic suppurative OM. There was a significant heterogeneity between studies, particularly in microbiological methods, which were largely limited to culture-based detection of the main otopathogens. CONCLUSIONS There are high rates of otopathogen colonization in indigenous children with OM. Chronic suppurative OM appears to be associated with a different microbial profile. Beyond the main otopathogens, the data are limited. Further research is required to explore the entire upper respiratory tract/middle ear microbiota in relation to OM, with the inclusion of healthy indigenous peers as controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Coleman
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
- Queensland Pediatric Infectious Disease Laboratory, Centre for Children’s Health Research, Children’s Health Queensland Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101 Australia
| | - Amanda Wood
- The Deadly Ears Program, Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Seweryn Bialasiewicz
- Queensland Pediatric Infectious Disease Laboratory, Centre for Children’s Health Research, Children’s Health Queensland Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101 Australia
| | - Robert S. Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Robyn L. Marsh
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
| | - Anders Cervin
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
- Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
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Pediatric recurrent acute mastoiditis: Risk factors and insights into pathogenesis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 111:142-148. [PMID: 29958598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrent acute mastoiditis is repeatedly reported in the literature, but data to understand the pathogenesis, update treatment recommendations and inform future trials are sparse due to the infrequency of the disease. METHODS A retrospective chart review from 2001 to 2016 was conducted including 73 children treated for acute mastoiditis. A follow-up survey was attempted for each patient. Bacteriology, method of treatment, hospital course, complications, and otologic history were analyzed. A chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test compared recurrent acute mastoiditis to single acute mastoiditis cases. Additionally, a comprehensive PubMed search and review of world literature addressing recurrent pediatric acute mastoiditis was performed for comparative purposes. RESULTS Among 73 children with acute mastoiditis, six (8%) experienced recurrent acute mastoiditis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the only bacteria isolated in this group. History of recurrent acute otitis media (>4 per year) prior to the first episode of acute mastoiditis was identified in 24% with single episode of acute mastoiditis and 83% with recurrent mastoiditis (p < 0.05). Fewer intracranial/intratemporal complications were identified among recurrent mastoiditis patients (p < 0.05). In a group of patients treated with more extensive surgical communication during mastoidectomy for primary acute mastoiditis (wide mastoidectomy with broad attic exposure and posterior tympanotomy) no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION We identify multiple risk factors associated with recurrence and provide early data supporting anatomic predisposition to the development of recurrent acute mastoiditis. More aggressive opening between the mastoid cavity and middle ear may prevent recurrent acute mastoiditis episodes.
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Global burden of hearing impairment and ear disease. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2018; 133:18-25. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215118001275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundHearing loss can present at birth or be acquired as a result of illness, middle-ear disease, injury, age, overuse of certain medications, and/or induced by exposure to damaging noise levels. There are serious short-term consequences for people living with hearing impairment, including the effects on language acquisition, education, employment and overall wellbeing. There are also complex long-term implications.ObjectivesThis review aimed to present some of the leading causes of ear disease and hearing loss globally, and to identify their impact at both an individual and societal level.
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Risk of childhood otitis media with focus on potentially modifiable factors: A Danish follow-up cohort study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 106:1-9. [PMID: 29447878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Otitis media is the primary cause of antibiotic prescription in children. Two-thirds of all children experience at least one episode of otitis media before the age of 7 years. The aim of this study was to characterise the attributable effect of several modifiable risk exposures on the risk of >3 episodes of otitis media at age 18 months and 7 years within a large prospective national birth cohort. METHODS The study used the Danish National Birth Cohort comprising information about otitis media and risk exposures from more than 50,000 mother-child pairs from the period 1996-2002. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for the risk factors and to calculate the population attributable fraction. RESULTS Short time with breastfeeding, early introduction to daycare, cesarean section, and low compliance to the national vaccination program were all associated with an increased risk of >3 episodes of otitis media at 18 months of age and at 7 years of age. The fraction of children with otitis media attributed from breastfeeding lasting for less than 6 months was 10%. Introduction to daycare before the age of 12 months attributed with 20% of the cases of >3 episodes of otitis media. CONCLUSIONS Short duration of breastfeeding, early introduction into daycare, cesarean section, and low compliance with the national vaccination program increased the risk of experiencing >3 episodes of otitis media at 18 months, and at 7 years of age. These are factors that all can be modulated.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature regarding the association between breastfeeding and childhood otitis media (OM), with focus on the literature published within the past 5 years. The review comprises original articles and recent reviews. RECENT FINDINGS The effect of a protective effect of breastfeeding on the risk of OM is still being discussed. Within the past 5 years, 6 reviews and 15 original articles have been published. No randomized controlled trials have been published, and the diversity of exposure and outcome measures in the studies was significant. Also, we provide a summary of the recent literature on cost-benefit of breastfeeding and believed mechanism of protection against OM. Breastfeeding for more than 6 months seems to protect against OM during the first 6 years of life. Exclusive breastfeeding may have a more protective effect than non-exclusive breastfeeding. Introduction of formula feeding before the age of 6 months increased the risk of OM.
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