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Litu L, Buema G, Mosoarca G, Harja M. Copper Ion Removal by Adsorption Using Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers: Process Optimization Insights from Taguchi and ANOVA Statistical Methods. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3992. [PMID: 39203169 PMCID: PMC11356578 DOI: 10.3390/ma17163992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to use geopolymer materials synthesized from different fly ashes, which are promising for the adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solutions. The characterization of fly ashes and prepared adsorbents was performed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Taguchi and ANOVA methods were used to predict the effect of different working parameters on copper ion removal by prepared geopolymers. Based on data obtained by the Taguchi method, it was found that the factor most influencing the adsorption process is the type of adsorbent used, followed by the solution pH, the reaction time, the adsorbent dose, and the initial copper ion concentration. The ANOVA results agree with the Taguchi method. The optimal conditions of the adsorption process were: fly ash C modified by direct activation with 2 M NaOH, at 70 °C for 4 h, solution pH of 5, initial pollutant concentration of 300 mg/L, 40 g/L adsorbent dose, and 120 min of reaction time. Copper ion removal efficiency was determined experimentally under optimal conditions, achieving a value of 99.71%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Litu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Str., 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Buema
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Giannin Mosoarca
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, Bd. V. Parvan Nr. 6, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Maria Harja
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Str., 700050 Iasi, Romania;
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Yahya K, Ba M, Msadok I, Mlayah A, Srasra E, Hamdi N. Removal of phosphate from synthetic wastewater: A comparative study between both activated clays using an experimental design methodology. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10800. [PMID: 36333275 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate-loaded industrial wastewaters have resulted in numerous environmental issues that have hard hit the Gulf of Gabes-Tunisia, making the environmental protection one of the most compelling priorities. Consequently, this study aimed first to compare the amounts of phosphate adsorbed by two types of Tunisian activated clays. The second goal was to assess and optimize the phosphate removal efficiency of these clays, using Box-Behnken design (BBD) under response surface methodology. Results showed that the highest adsorption amounts of 130.16 mg g-1 , 125.42 mg g-1 were yielded for Jebel Haidoudi clay and Douiret clay, respectively. These values demanded an initial phosphate concentration of 300 mg L-1 , a contact time of 5 h, and a pH of 2). Thus, kinetic and isotherm studies of phosphate elimination from synthetic solutions demonstrated that for both activated clays, the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir equation fitted very well the experimental data, respectively. These results indicate that phosphate adsorption might be mainly a chimisorption phenomenon and a monolayer process. All these findings confirmed that both activated clays could be considered as a competent, cost-effective, efficient and ecological alternative for the elimination of phosphate from industrial wastewaters. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Activated clay could be adopted as an efficient and cost-effective adsorbent. The optimum conditions were nominated as 300 mg L-1 of initial phosphate concentration, 5 h contact times and pH = 2. The probable uptake mechanism of phosphate followed predominantly the acid-base interaction and hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawthar Yahya
- Higher Institute of Water Sciences and Techniques of Gabes, University of Gabes, Zrig, Tunisia
- National Center of Research in Materials Sciences, Borj Cedria Technopole (CNRSM), Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Mohamedou Ba
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imed Msadok
- National Center of Research in Materials Sciences, Borj Cedria Technopole (CNRSM), Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Ammar Mlayah
- Water Researches and Technologies Center Borj-Cedria (CERTE), Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Ezzeddine Srasra
- National Center of Research in Materials Sciences, Borj Cedria Technopole (CNRSM), Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Hamdi
- Higher Institute of Water Sciences and Techniques of Gabes, University of Gabes, Zrig, Tunisia
- National Center of Research in Materials Sciences, Borj Cedria Technopole (CNRSM), Soliman, Tunisia
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Xiao L, Li Y, Kong Q, Lan Y. From wastes to functions: preparation of layered double hydroxides from industrial waste and its removal performance towards phosphates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11893-11906. [PMID: 34554401 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To control eutrophication and recover phosphate from wastewater, a calcium carbide slag and red mud composite material (CR-LDH) was prepared using industrial waste as raw material for phosphorus adsorption. The morphology and structure of synthesized CR-LDH were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, EDS, and XRD measurements. Bath adsorption test results showed that the optimal dosages of adsorbent and pH for phosphate were 5 g·L-1 and pH of 7, respectively. The experimental data could be well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models, suggesting that the adsorption process of CR-LDH with respect to phosphate was a chemical and monolayer process. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity obtained by Langmuir isotherm model was 16.06 mg·g-1 at 25 °C. The intra-particle diffusion model fitting results indicated that the adsorption of phosphate by CR-LDH was controlled by both liquid membrane diffusion and intra-particle diffusion. Phosphate was bound to CR-LDH via synergistic effect of physical adsorption, ion exchange, anion intercalation, and chemical precipitation as evidenced from a combination of microscopic analysis and adsorption mechanism study. The actual phosphate-containing wastewater investigation showed that CR-LDH not only exhibited good removal effect on phosphate, but also could greatly reduce turbidity, COD, and ammonia nitrogen, which was suitable for disposal of practical wastewater. The COD, turbidity, and NH4+-N could be reduced by 42.39%, 77.20%, and 20.71%, respectively. These results indicate that CR-LDH can be considered as potential adsorbent for the treatment of phosphate-containing wastewater, which will be helpful to achieve the goal of "treating waste with waste and turning waste into treasure".
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xiao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoping Kong
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Lan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China
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Medina-Collana JT, Rosales-Huamani JA, Franco-Gonzales EJ, Montaño-Pisfil JA. Factors Influencing the Formation of Salicylic Acid by Bipolar Membranes Electrodialysis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:149. [PMID: 35207071 PMCID: PMC8877217 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid is an intermediate product in the synthesis of dyes, medications and aspirin. An electrodialysis module has been constructed with commercial cationic, anionic and bipolar membranes for the conversion of sodium salicylate into salicylic acid. The effect of operating conditions such as applied electric potential, salt concentration, initial acid concentration and volumetric flow on bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) yields were investigated using Taguchi analysis. The results obtained in 210 min of work show an average concentration of salicylic acid of 0.0185 M, an average electric current efficiency of 85.3%, and a specific energy consumption of 2.24 kWh/kg of salicylic acid. It was concluded that the proposed bipolar membrane electrodialysis process is an efficient alternative to produce salicylic acid (SAH) from sodium salicylate (SANa) in an environmentally friendly manner. Furthermore, the production of sodium hydroxide was obtained as a by-product of the process carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Taumaturgo Medina-Collana
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Callao, Juan Pablo II 306 Avenue, Bellavista, Callao 07011, Peru; (J.T.M.-C.); (J.A.M.-P.)
| | - Jimmy Aurelio Rosales-Huamani
- Multidisciplinary Sensing, Universal Accessibility and Machine Learning Group, Faculty of Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering of the National University of Engineering, Lima 15333, Peru;
| | - Elmar Javier Franco-Gonzales
- Multidisciplinary Sensing, Universal Accessibility and Machine Learning Group, Faculty of Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering of the National University of Engineering, Lima 15333, Peru;
| | - Jorge Alberto Montaño-Pisfil
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Callao, Juan Pablo II 306 Avenue, Bellavista, Callao 07011, Peru; (J.T.M.-C.); (J.A.M.-P.)
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Sharma G, Kumar A, Ghfar AA, García-Peñas A, Naushad M, Stadler FJ. Fabrication and Characterization of Xanthan Gum-cl-poly(acrylamide-co-alginic acid) Hydrogel for Adsorption of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Medium. Gels 2021; 8:23. [PMID: 35049556 PMCID: PMC8775010 DOI: 10.3390/gels8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research demonstrates the facile fabrication of xanthan gum-cl-poly(acrylamide-co-alginic acid) (XG-cl-poly(AAm-co-AA)) hydrogel by employing microwave-assisted copolymerization. Simultaneous copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and alginic acid (AA) onto xanthan gum (XG) was carried out. Different samples were fabricated by changing the concentrations of AAm and AA. A sample with maximum swelling percentage was chosen for adsorption experiments. The structural and functional characteristics of synthesized hydrogel were elucidated using diverse characterization tools. Adsorption performance of XG-cl-poly(AAm-co-AA) hydrogel was investigated for the removal of noxious cadmium (Cd(II)) ions using batch adsorption from the aqueous system, various reaction parameters optimized include pH, contact time, temperature, and concentration of Cd(II) ions and temperature. The maximum adsorption was achieved at optimal pH 7, contact time 180 min, temperature 35 °C and cadmium ion centration of 10 mg·L-1. The XG-cl-poly(AAm-co-AA) hydrogel unveiled a very high adsorption potential, and its adsorption capacities considered based on the Langmuir isotherm for Cd(II) ions was 125 mg·g-1 at 35 °C. The Cd(II) ions adsorption data fitted nicely to the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order model. The reusability investigation demonstrated that hydrogel retained its adsorption capacity even after several uses without significant loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (A.K.); (F.J.S.)
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
- School of Science and Technology, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (A.K.); (F.J.S.)
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ayman A. Ghfar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alberto García-Peñas
- Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mu. Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (A.K.); (F.J.S.)
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Mosoarca G, Popa S, Vancea C, Boran S. Optimization, Equilibrium and Kinetic Modeling of Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Dry Bean Pods Husks Powder. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195673. [PMID: 34640066 PMCID: PMC8510424 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this research, dry bean pods husks (DBPH) were used as an adsorbent material after minimum processing (without chemical substances consumption and without thermal treatment) to remove methylene blue from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent surface characteristics were investigated using SEM and FTIR analysis. For maximum removal efficiency, several parameters that influence the dye adsorption were optimized using the Taguchi method. Equilibrium and kinetic modeling, along with thermodynamic studies, were conducted to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. Taguchi experimental design showed that the factor with the highest influence was the adsorbent dose, with a percent contribution established by the ANOVA analysis of 40.89%. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model characterizes the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity, 121.16 (mg g−1), is higher than other similar adsorbents presented in scientific literature. Thermodynamic parameters indicate a spontaneous, favorable and endothermic adsorption process, and their values show that physical adsorption is involved in the process. The obtained results, and the fact that adsorbent material is inexpensive and easily available, indicate that DBPH powder represents an effective absorbent for treating waters containing methylene blue. Additionally, the Taguchi method is very suitable to optimize the process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Popa
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.V.); Tel.: +40-256404212 (S.P.); +40-256404194 (C.V.)
| | - Cosmin Vancea
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.V.); Tel.: +40-256404212 (S.P.); +40-256404194 (C.V.)
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Razmi B, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Ronaghi A, Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa R. Investigation of factors affecting phytoremediation of multi-elements polluted calcareous soil using Taguchi optimization. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111315. [PMID: 32947213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Growing environmental concern regarding multi elements-contaminated soils reveals the necessity of paying more attention to environmentally friendly remediation techniques such as phytoremediation. A large number of factors influences phytoremediation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and investigation on a variety of these factors need appropriate statistical approaches such as "Taguchi optimization" which effectively decreases time and cost of experiments. In the present study, based on the Taguchi optimization method, the effects of several biological (plant type and mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)) and chemical (chelating agents, surfactants and organic acids) factors, on the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) were investigated. The goal was to find out the most effective factors as well as the best level for each factor. The values of dry weights in roots and aerial parts of the studied plants were in orders of maize > sorghum > sunflower and sorghum > maize > sunflower, respectively. AMF was the main factor in increasing dry weight of shoots. Inoculation of AMF caused increases in root and shoot uptake of some PTEs. RESULTS: showed that phytoremediation of PTEs is element-dependent; as Zn showed the highest translocation factor (TF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) values, while Ni showed the lowest ones and the intermediate values belonged to Pb and Cd. These results show the diverse distribution of elements in plant parts, as Zn and Ni were mostly accumulated in shoot and root, respectively. Although different factors caused impacts on phytoremediation criteria, the role of plant type in the phytoremediation of PTEs was at the first rank. Mean TF of PTEs in sunflower was 6.3 times that of maize. Sunflower showed high TF value for the four elements and translocated most of the PTEs from root to the aerial parts demonstrating phytoextraction as the main mechanism in this plant. Maize and sorghum, however, showed low TF and accumulated most of PTEs in their roots revealing phytostabilization as the main mechanism. In general, it can be concluded that plant type was the most influential factor in the phytoremediation of PTEs followed by EDTA and AMF. Taguchi optimization revealed the appropriateness and significance of different chemical and biological treatments on phytoremediation criteria of different elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Razmi
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R Ghasemi-Fasaei
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - A Ronaghi
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Korake SR, Jadhao PD. Investigation of Taguchi optimization, equilibrium isotherms, and kinetic modeling for cadmium adsorption onto deposited silt. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05755. [PMID: 33506120 PMCID: PMC7814101 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of deposited silt as an adsorbent to eliminate Cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solution is assessed in this study. The optimum adsorption condition was determined with the help of the Taguchi experimental design. The treatment process of the deposited silt is controlled by various parameters like pH of the solution; a dose of deposited silt; initial Cd metal concentration, and contact time are optimized in batch mode. It also recognizes the contribution of each well-regulated factor. The outcomes of experiments show that the major contribution of the controllable factors for Cd removal is the pH of the solution > stirring time > dose of deposited silt > initial concentration of Cd metal ions. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine significant parameters which contribute to the adsorption process. Results indicate that cadmium removal is mostly influenced by pH 88.17 %, followed by contact time 5.86%, adsorbent dose, 2.41%, and initial metal ion concentration 0.60%. Cadmium adsorption data well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The pseudo-second-order is the best model that explained cadmium adsorption kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep R. Korake
- K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research, Nashik, 422 003, MS, India
- Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon, SPPU, Pune, India
| | - Pradip D. Jadhao
- K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research, Nashik, 422 003, MS, India
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Baig U, Uddin MK, Gondal M. Removal of hazardous azo dye from water using synthetic nano adsorbent: Facile synthesis, characterization, adsorption, regeneration and design of experiments. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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