1
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Dingwall HL, Tomizawa RR, Aharoni A, Hu P, Qiu Q, Kokalari B, Martinez SM, Donahue JC, Aldea D, Mendoza M, Glass IA, Wu H, Kamberov YG. Sweat gland development requires an eccrine dermal niche and couples two epidermal programs. Dev Cell 2024; 59:20-32.e6. [PMID: 38096824 PMCID: PMC10872420 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Eccrine sweat glands are indispensable for human thermoregulation and, similar to other mammalian skin appendages, form from multipotent epidermal progenitors. Limited understanding of how epidermal progenitors specialize to form these vital organs has precluded therapeutic efforts toward their regeneration. Herein, we applied single-nucleus transcriptomics to compare the expression content of wild-type, eccrine-forming mouse skin to that of mice harboring a skin-specific disruption of Engrailed 1 (En1), a transcription factor that promotes eccrine gland formation in humans and mice. We identify two concurrent but disproportionate epidermal transcriptomes in the early eccrine anlagen: one that is shared with hair follicles and one that is En1 dependent and eccrine specific. We demonstrate that eccrine development requires the induction of a dermal niche proximal to each developing gland in humans and mice. Our study defines the signatures of eccrine identity and uncovers the eccrine dermal niche, setting the stage for targeted regeneration and comprehensive skin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Dingwall
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reiko R Tomizawa
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Aharoni
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Blerina Kokalari
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Joan C Donahue
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Aldea
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meryl Mendoza
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yana G Kamberov
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Aldea D, Kokalari B, Atsuta Y, Dingwall HL, Zheng Y, Nace A, Cotsarelis G, Kamberov YG. Differential modularity of the mammalian Engrailed 1 enhancer network directs sweat gland development. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010614. [PMID: 36745673 PMCID: PMC9934363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancers are context-specific regulators of expression that drive biological complexity and variation through the redeployment of conserved genes. An example of this is the enhancer-mediated control of Engrailed 1 (EN1), a pleiotropic gene whose expression is required for the formation of mammalian eccrine sweat glands. We previously identified the En1 candidate enhancer (ECE) 18 cis-regulatory element that has been highly and repeatedly derived on the human lineage to potentiate ectodermal EN1 and induce our species' uniquely high eccrine gland density. Intriguingly, ECE18 quantitative activity is negligible outside of primates and ECE18 is not required for En1 regulation and eccrine gland formation in mice, raising the possibility that distinct enhancers have evolved to modulate the same trait. Here we report the identification of the ECE20 enhancer and show it has conserved functionality in mouse and human developing skin ectoderm. Unlike ECE18, knock-out of ECE20 in mice reduces ectodermal En1 and eccrine gland number. Notably, we find ECE20, but not ECE18, is also required for En1 expression in the embryonic mouse brain, demonstrating that ECE20 is a pleiotropic En1 enhancer. Finally, that ECE18 deletion does not potentiate the eccrine phenotype of ECE20 knock-out mice supports the secondary incorporation of ECE18 into the regulation of this trait in primates. Our findings reveal that the mammalian En1 regulatory machinery diversified to incorporate both shared and lineage-restricted enhancers to regulate the same phenotype, and also have implications for understanding the forces that shape the robustness and evolvability of developmental traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aldea
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Blerina Kokalari
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuji Atsuta
- Genetics Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Dingwall
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arben Nace
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yana G. Kamberov
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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3
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Barabas AJ, Soini HA, Novotny MV, Williams DR, Desmond JA, Lucas JR, Erasmus MA, Cheng HW, Gaskill BN. Compounds from plantar foot sweat, nesting material, and urine show strain patterns associated with agonistic and affiliative behaviors in group housed male mice, Mus musculus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251416. [PMID: 33989318 PMCID: PMC8121354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive home cage aggression often results in severe injury and subsequent premature euthanasia of male laboratory mice. Aggression can be reduced by transferring used nesting material during cage cleaning, which is thought to contain aggression appeasing odors from the plantar sweat glands. However, neither the composition of plantar sweat nor the deposits on used nesting material have been evaluated. The aims of this study were to (1) identify and quantify volatile compounds deposited in the nest site and (2) determine if nest and sweat compounds correlate with social behavior. Home cage aggression and affiliative behavior were evaluated in 3 strains: SJL, C57BL/6N, and A/J. Individual social rank was assessed via the tube test, because ranking may influence compound levels. Sweat and urine from the dominant and subordinate mouse in each cage, plus cage level nest samples were analyzed for volatile compound content using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Behavior data and odors from the nest, sweat, and urine were statistically analyzed with separate principal component analyses (PCA). Significant components, from each sample analysis, and strain were run in mixed models to test if odors were associated with behavior. Aggressive and affiliative behaviors were primarily impacted by strain. However, compound PCs were also impacted by strain, showing that strain accounts for any relationship between odors and behavior. C57BL/6N cages displayed the most allo-grooming behavior and had high scores on sweat PC1. SJL cages displayed the most aggression, with high scores on urine PC2 and low scores on nest PC1. These data show that certain compounds in nesting material, urine, and sweat display strain specific patterns which match strain specific behavior patterns. These results provide preliminary information about the connection between home cage compounds and behavior. Salient compounds will be candidates for future controlled studies to determine their direct effect on mouse social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Barabas
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Helena A. Soini
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Pheromone Research, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Milos V. Novotny
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Pheromone Research, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - David R. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Pheromone Research, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jacob A. Desmond
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Pheromone Research, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Lucas
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Marisa A. Erasmus
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Heng-Wei Cheng
- USDA-ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Brianna N. Gaskill
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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Martin P, Goldstein JD, Mermoud L, Diaz-Barreiro A, Palmer G. IL-1 Family Antagonists in Mouse and Human Skin Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652846. [PMID: 33796114 PMCID: PMC8009184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines initiate inflammatory responses, and shape innate and adaptive immunity. They play important roles in host defense, but excessive immune activation can also lead to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Dysregulated IL-1 family signaling is observed in a variety of skin disorders. In particular, IL-1 family cytokines have been linked to the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. The biological activity of pro-inflammatory IL-1 family agonists is controlled by the natural receptor antagonists IL-1Ra and IL-36Ra, as well as by the regulatory cytokines IL-37 and IL-38. These four anti-inflammatory IL-1 family members are constitutively and highly expressed at steady state in the epidermis, where keratinocytes are a major producing cell type. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning their regulatory roles in skin biology and inflammation and their therapeutic potential in human inflammatory skin diseases. We further highlight some common misunderstandings and less well-known observations, which persist in the field despite recent extensive interest for these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praxedis Martin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie D. Goldstein
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Mermoud
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Diaz-Barreiro
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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Cao L, Chen L, Li H, Wei Z, Xie S, Zhang M, Lin Y, Huang H. Differential antigen expression between human eccrine sweat glands and hair follicles/pilosebaceous units. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:335-342. [PMID: 31062203 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Johnson MR, Barsh GS, Mallarino R. Periodic patterns in Rodentia: Development and evolution. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:509-513. [PMID: 30506729 PMCID: PMC6488409 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian periodic pigment patterns, such as spots and stripes, have long interested mathematicians and biologists because they arise from non-random developmental processes that are programmed to be spatially constrained, and can therefore be used as a model to understand how organized morphological structures develop. Despite such interest, the developmental and molecular processes underlying their formation remain poorly understood. Here, we argue that Arvicanthines, a clade of African rodents that naturally evolved a remarkable array of coat patterns, represent a tractable model system in which to dissect the mechanistic basis of pigment pattern formation. Indeed, we review recent insights into the process of stripe formation that were obtained using an Arvicanthine species, the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio), and discuss how these rodents can be used to probe deeply into our understanding of the factors that specify and implement positional information in the skin. By combining naturally evolved pigment pattern variation in rodents with classic and novel experimental approaches, we can substantially advance our understanding of the processes by which spatial patterns of cell differentiation are established during embryogenesis, a fundamental question in developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Gregory S. Barsh
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ricardo Mallarino
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
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7
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Developing a Novel and Convenient Model for Investigating Sweat Gland Morphogenesis from Epidermal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4254759. [PMID: 30863451 PMCID: PMC6378793 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4254759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweat glands developed from the embryonic epidermis. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of morphogenesis, a reliable in vitro test system for bioactive screening must be developed. Here, we described a novel and convenient model by coculturing embryonic tissue and epidermal stem cells (ESCs) using Transwell insert for evaluating the effects of soluble morphogens on sweat gland morphogenesis in vitro. Using this coculture system, morphological alteration, histological features, and specific markers were observed. Initial experiments revealed that ESCs cocultured with embryonic paw pad (EPP) tissue demonstrated glandular structure and cytokeratin 8 (K8) and cytokeratin 18 (K18) positive, while ESCs cocultured with embryonic dorsal skin demonstrated “sea snail” structure and K8, K18 negative. Moreover, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations were detected in the medium of the EPP group. BMP receptor inhibitor could effectively block the ESC differentiation to sweat glands, while EGF receptor blocker did not show the effect. Our results showed clear benefits of this novel and convenient model in terms of in vitro-in vivo correlation. It was an appropriate alternative for screening of potential bioactives regulating the sweat gland morphogenesis mechanism.
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8
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Sundberg JP, Dadras SS, Silva KA, Kennedy VE, Garland G, Murray SA, Sundberg BA, Schofield PN, Pratt CH. Systematic screening for skin, hair, and nail abnormalities in a large-scale knockout mouse program. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180682. [PMID: 28700664 PMCID: PMC5503261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Knockout Mouse Consortium was formed in 2007 to inactivate (“knockout”) all protein-coding genes in the mouse genome in embryonic stem cells. Production and characterization of these mice, now underway, has generated and phenotyped 3,100 strains with knockout alleles. Skin and adnexa diseases are best defined at the gross clinical level and by histopathology. Representative retired breeders had skin collected from the back, abdomen, eyelids, muzzle, ears, tail, and lower limbs including the nails. To date, 169 novel mutant lines were reviewed and of these, only one was found to have a relatively minor sebaceous gland abnormality associated with follicular dystrophy. The B6N(Cg)-Far2tm2b(KOMP)Wtsi/2J strain, had lesions affecting sebaceous glands with what appeared to be a secondary follicular dystrophy. A second line, B6N(Cg)-Ppp1r9btm1.1(KOMP)Vlcg/J, had follicular dystrophy limited to many but not all mystacial vibrissae in heterozygous but not homozygous mutant mice, suggesting that this was a nonspecific background lesion. We discuss potential reasons for the low frequency of skin and adnexal phenotypes in mice from this project in comparison to those seen in human Mendelian diseases, and suggest alternative approaches to identification of human disease-relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Soheil S. Dadras
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | | | - Gaven Garland
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | | | - Beth A. Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Paul N. Schofield
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C. Herbert Pratt
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
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Rehorek S, Wu J, Smith T, Beeching S. Embryogenesis of the Uropygial Glands in the Laysan Albatross (P
hoebastria immutabilis
(Rothschild, 1893): Procellariiformes). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1420-1428. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.J. Rehorek
- Department of Biology; Slippery Rock University; Slippery Rock Pennsylvania
| | - J.L. Wu
- Department of Biology; Slippery Rock University; Slippery Rock Pennsylvania
| | - T.D. Smith
- School of Physical Therapy; Slippery Rock University; Slippery Rock Pennsylvania
| | - S.C. Beeching
- Department of Biology; Slippery Rock University; Slippery Rock Pennsylvania
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10
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Xie J, Yao B, Han Y, Shang T, Gao D, Yang S, Ma K, Huang S, Fu X. Cytokeratin Expression at Different Stages in Sweat Gland Development of C57BL/6J Mice. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2016; 14:365-71. [PMID: 26680749 DOI: 10.1177/1534734615611563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sweat glands exhibit a documented role in epidermal reepithelialization after wounding. However, the regenerative potential of sweat glands has remained underappreciated due to the absence of useful markers for the analysis of determination and differentiation processes in the developing eccrine sweat gland from epithelium. Although the current knowledge of keratin expression in most of the different origins has been described, it remains widely shared and not unified in eccrine sweat glands of C57BL/6J mice that are commonly used as animal models for sweat gland and wound healing studies, both at the molecular and cellular levels. Aiming to answer this question, we have investigated the changes in cytokeratin expression patterns during the embryonic, neonatal, juvenile, and young adult stages (E12.5, E17.5, P0.5, P5, and P28). In this article, we demonstrate that the morphology of murine sweat gland progenitor cells are similar to epidermal stem cells before birth (E12.5 and E17.5); at postnatal stages, the duct formed gradually and curled to glob. K8 and K19 were expressed in the eccrine sweat gland cells at all times and highly expressed after birth at both gene and protein levels. Also, histological results revealed K8 and K19 positive cells localized in the secretary portion of glands. Meanwhile, K14 strongly expressed both in vivo and in vitro at E12.5, while it weakly expressed at other stages. Moreover, K10 was rarely detected before birth, but it expressed positively in vivo and in vitro only at the protein level after birth. These data indicate the pattern of main cytokeratin expression at different stages during murine sweat gland development and might provide an efficient tool for sweat gland research and exciting potential for developing targeted therapies for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfan Xie
- First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Han
- Second Teaching Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shang
- First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyun Gao
- Dongtai People's Hospital, Dongtai, People's Republic of China
| | - Siming Yang
- First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Ma
- First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Huang
- First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China Hainan Branch of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Yao B, Xie J, Liu N, Yan T, Li Z, Liu Y, Huang S, Fu X. Identification of a new sweat gland progenitor population in mice and the role of their niche in tissue development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:670-675. [PMID: 27693698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sweat gland cells are responsible for the regulation of body temperature and are critical for wound repair. Furthermore, they have the regenerative potential in response to injury, and show a substantial turnover during both wound healing and homeostasis. However, as a usual research model of sweat gland, mice have not too much glandular cells for experiments. In this study, we identify previously unreported sweat gland progenitor population in mice and characterize them. The progenitor characteristics of sweat gland were confirmed using cellular immunofluorescence assay and quantitative real-time PCR assay. K8 and K18 expression was barely detected in the early stage of skin development (Embryo 17.5d) and increased to a high level at P5d (postnatal 5d), then showed reduction at adult stage (P28d). Further investigation of K8 and K18 positive cells using tissue immunofluorescence revealed the presence of sweat gland progenitors in back epidermis of mice at early stage of sweat gland development and continuous reduction during the developmental process. In vivo transplantation assay with animal models elucidated that sweat gland specific niche in paw pads was critical for the development of sweat gland cells. Although the relationship between new sweat gland progenitors and their niche still needs to be further investigated, the presence of these cells implicates that there is more source ascribed to sweat glands in addition to serving as progenitors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yao
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, PR China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Jiangfan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Nanbo Liu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Tao Yan
- Chengdu Institute of Computer Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhao Li
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Yufan Liu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Sha Huang
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, PR China.
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12
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Wu J, Gong H, Bai Y, Zhang W. Analyzing the miRNA-Gene Networks to Mine the Important miRNAs under Skin of Human and Mouse. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5469371. [PMID: 27689084 PMCID: PMC5027296 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5469371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic networks provide new mechanistic insights into the diversity of species morphology. In this study, we have integrated the MGI, GEO, and miRNA database to analyze the genetic regulatory networks under morphology difference of integument of humans and mice. We found that the gene expression network in the skin is highly divergent between human and mouse. The GO term of secretion was highly enriched, and this category was specific in human compared to mouse. These secretion genes might be involved in eccrine system evolution in human. In addition, total 62,637 miRNA binding target sites were predicted in human integument genes (IGs), while 26,280 miRNA binding target sites were predicted in mouse IGs. The interactions between miRNAs and IGs in human are more complex than those in mouse. Furthermore, hsa-miR-548, mmu-miR-466, and mmu-miR-467 have an enormous number of targets on IGs, which both have the role of inhibition of host immunity response. The pattern of distribution on the chromosome of these three miRNAs families is very different. The interaction of miRNA/IGs has added the new dimension in traditional gene regulation networks of skin. Our results are generating new insights into the gene networks basis of skin difference between human and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Wu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Prataculture Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Hohhot 010031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
| | - Husile Gong
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Yongsheng Bai
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
- The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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Rerknimitr P, Tanizaki H, Yamamoto Y, Amano W, Nakajima S, Nakashima C, Nonomura Y, Wititsuwannakul J, Miyachi Y, Otsuka A, Kabashima K. Decreased Filaggrin Level May Lead to Sweat Duct Obstruction in Filaggrin Mutant Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:248-251. [PMID: 27591778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pawinee Rerknimitr
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hideaki Tanizaki
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Amano
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chisa Nakashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumi Nonomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jade Wititsuwannakul
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yoshiki Miyachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
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Li H, Li X, Zhang B, Zhang M, Chen W, Tang S, Fu X. Changes in keratins and alpha-smooth muscle actin during three-dimensional reconstitution of eccrine sweat glands. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:113-22. [PMID: 26837225 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the changes of keratins and alpha-SMA at various time points in order to investigate the development and differentiation of eccrine sweat gland cells during the course of three-dimensional (3D) reconstitution. Mixtures of eccrine sweat gland cells and Matrigel were injected subcutaneously into the inguinal regions of nude mice. At 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days post-implantation, Matrigel plugs were removed and immunostained. We found that during 3D reconstitution, keratin and alpha-SMA expression changed in a time-dependent manner. At day 1, all cells stained positively for keratin isoforms K5, K14, and K15, with the staining intensity of K15 being weak and K5 and K14 being strong, but none of the cells displayed K7, K8, or alpha-SMA. As time progressed, spheroid-like structures formed with the inner layer acquiring K7 and K8, but losing K5 and K14 expression, and the outer layer acquiring alpha-SMA expression, but losing K15 expression. K8 expression was first noted at day 14, and K7 and alpha-SMA at day 21. The loss of K15 expression was first noted at day 14, K14 at day 21, and K5 at day 28. At 28, 35, and 42 days, the spheroid-like structures could be distinguished, by immunohistochemistry, as having secretory coil-like and coiled duct-like structures. We conclude that the changes in expression of keratins and alpha-SMA in 3D-reconstituted eccrine sweat glands are similar to those of native eccrine sweat glands, indicating that the 3D reconstitution of sweat glands provides an excellent model for studying the development, cytodifferentiation, and regulation of eccrine sweat glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Li
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China.
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xuexue Li
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bingna Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenlong Chen
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Burn Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
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Kim CL, Cha SY, Chun MY, Kim B, Choi MY, Cheon YP. Positive Effects of Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) on the Stability of the Integument Structure in Diet-Induced Obese Female Mice. Dev Reprod 2016; 19:145-52. [PMID: 27004271 PMCID: PMC4801041 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2015.19.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) is a known to modulate the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in 3T3-L1. However, the possible role of DPHC in integument stability during obesity induction is not clear yet. We evaluated the effects of DPHC on collagen or elastic fiber quantity in integument during obesity induction with high-fat diet. The dorsal back integument sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin, Masson trichrome, and Verhoff-Van Gieson. The intensities of collagen fibers and elastin fibers were analyzed with ImageJ. The number of fibroblasts was counted at ×1,000 fields. The number of fibroblast was increased by obesity induction, but DPHC suppressed it in a concentrationdependent manner both in lean and obese mice. On the other hand, the intensities of collagen fibers were increased by DPHC treatment in obese mice groups but not in lean mice groups. The intensities of collagen fibers of obese mice were lower than that of the lean mice in 0% group. However, the number became similar between lean and obese mice by the treatment of DPHC. The intensity of elastic fibers was increased in the lean mice with the concentration of DPHC. In the obese mice group, there were increasing patterns but only significant at 10% DPHC group. The intensity of elastic fibers of obese mice was higher than lean mice in 0%, 1%, and 10% groups. Histologically epithelial cells and follicle cells which were diffused nuclear staining forms were increased by DPHC treatment. The results suggest that the activity of integument cells during obesity induction can be modulated by DPHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Lim Kim
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Korea
| | - Sun-Yeong Cha
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Korea
| | - Min Young Chun
- Global Medical Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Korea
| | - Bumsoo Kim
- Exercise Rehabilitation and Welfare, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Korea
| | - Min Young Choi
- Industrial Design, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Korea
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16
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Xu Y, Hong Y, Xu M, Ma K, Fu X, Zhang M, Wang G. Role of Keratinocyte Growth Factor in the Differentiation of Sweat Gland-Like Cells From Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 5:106-16. [PMID: 26574554 PMCID: PMC4704873 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) differentiation remains unknown. Building on previous work, the authors found KGF expression in sweat gland-like cells (SGCs) and determined that recombinant human KGF could induce hUC-MSC differentiation into SGCs. These differentiated SGCs were applied to a mouse burn model and sweat glands were regenerated. These cells may have potential therapeutic application for regeneration of destroyed sweat glands and injured skin. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have higher proliferation potency and lower immune resistance than human bone marrow MSCs and can differentiate into various functional cells. Many regulatory factors, including keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), are involved in the development of skin and cutaneous appendages. Although KGF is important in wound healing, the role of KGF in hUC-MSC differentiation remains unknown. In our previous work, we found the mixing medium (nine parts of basic sweat-gland [SG] medium plus one part of conditioned heat-shock SG medium) could induce hUC-MSC differentiation to sweat gland-like cells (SGCs). In this study, we further improved the inducing medium and determined the effects of KGF in hUC-MSC differentiation. We found KGF expression in the SGCs and that recombinant human KGF could induce hUC-MSC differentiation into SGCs, suggesting KGF plays a pivotal role in promoting hUC-MSC differentiation to SGCs. Furthermore, the SGCs differentiated from hUC-MSCs were applied to severely burned skin of the paw of an in vivo severe combined immunodeficiency mouse burn model. Burned paws treated with SGCs could regenerate functional sparse SGs 21 days after treatment; the untreated control paws could not. Collectively, these results demonstrated that KGF is a critical growth factor for SGC differentiation from hUC-MSCs and the differentiated SGCs from hUC-MSCs may have a potential therapeutic application for regeneration of destroyed SGs and injured skin. Significance There is growing evidence demonstrating a potential therapeutic application of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in injured skin. In the current study, conditioned media and chemically defined media with recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) could induce hUC-MSC differentiation into sweat gland-like cells (SGCs). Moreover, the differentiated SGCs from hUC-MSCs could regenerate functional sparse sweat glands in a mouse burn model, which provides further insight into the mechanisms of the role of KGF and a potential therapeutic application of differentiated SGCs for regeneration of destroyed sweat glands and injured skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongan Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Institute of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Burns Institute, First Affiliated Hospital (304th Hospital), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Yucai Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Institute of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyan Xu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Ma
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Burns Institute, First Affiliated Hospital (304th Hospital), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Burns Institute, First Affiliated Hospital (304th Hospital), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Institute of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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17
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Chen L, Zhang M, Li H, Tang S, Fu X. Distribution of BrdU label-retaining cells in eccrine sweat glands and comparison of the percentage of BrdU-positive cells in eccrine sweat glands and in epidermis in rats. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:157-62. [PMID: 23907330 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) has commonly been used for detecting of label-retaining cells (LRCs). To determine if there are LRCs and the distributions of LRCs in eccrine sweat glands, 20 newborn SD rats within 24 h after birth were injected intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg/time BrdU four consecutive times at 2-h intervals, or twice daily at 2-h intervals for four consecutive days. Six weeks after the last BrdU injection, rats were sacrificed, and the hind footpads were harvested, fixed and embedded in paraffin. Five-micrometer thickness tissue sections were cut and the expression of BrdU was detected immunohistochemically. The results showed that BrdU(+) cells were scatteredly distributed in coiled secretory part and coiled duct, as well as the straight duct, but not the intraepidermal duct of eccrine sweat glands. In secretory part, besides secretory cells, myoepithelial cells showed label retaining. The percentage of BrdU(+) cells in eccrine sweat gland of rat footpads had no significant difference between the two injection methods of BrdU (50 mg/kg/time BrdU four consecutive times at 2-h intervals vs. 50 mg/kg/time BrdU twice daily at 2-h intervals for four consecutive days) (P > 0.05). The percentage of BrdU(+) cells in eccrine sweat glands (4.2 ± 1.3 %) was significantly higher than that in stratum basale of epidermis (0.5 ± 0.1 ‰) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, there were LRCs in eccrine sweat glands of rat footpads, and these LRCs might play important roles in the homeostasis of skin and its appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North DongXia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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18
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Guo Z, Higgins CA, Gillette BM, Itoh M, Umegaki N, Gledhill K, Sia SK, Christiano AM. Building a microphysiological skin model from induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4 Suppl 1:S2. [PMID: 24564920 PMCID: PMC4029476 DOI: 10.1186/scrt363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in 2006 was a major breakthrough for regenerative medicine. The establishment of patient-specific iPSCs has created the opportunity to model diseases in culture systems, with the potential to rapidly advance the drug discovery field. Current methods of drug discovery are inefficient, with a high proportion of drug candidates failing during clinical trials due to low efficacy and/or high toxicity. Many drugs fail toxicity testing during clinical trials, since the cells on which they have been tested do not adequately model three-dimensional tissues or their interaction with other organs in the body. There is a need to develop microphysiological systems that reliably represent both an intact tissue and also the interaction of a particular tissue with other systems throughout the body. As the port of entry for many drugs is via topical delivery, the skin is the first line of exposure, and also one of the first organs to demonstrate a reaction after systemic drug delivery. In this review, we discuss our strategy to develop a microphysiological system using iPSCs that recapitulates human skin for analyzing the interactions of drugs with the skin.
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19
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Johansson JA, Headon DJ. Regionalisation of the skin. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 25-26:3-10. [PMID: 24361971 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The skin displays marked anatomical variation in thickness, colour and in the appendages that it carries. These regional distinctions arise in the embryo, likely founded on a combinatorial positional code of transcription factor expression. Throughout adult life, the skin's distinct anatomy is maintained through both cell autonomous epigenetic processes and by mesenchymal-epithelial induction. Despite the readily apparent anatomical differences in skin characteristics across the body, several fundamental questions regarding how such regional differences first arise and then persist are unresolved. However, it is clear that the skin's positional code is at the molecular level far more detailed than that discernible at the phenotypic level. This provides a latent reservoir of anatomical complexity ready to surface if perturbed by mutation, hormonal changes, ageing or experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette A Johansson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Denis J Headon
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
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20
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Lulla A, Reznik S, Trombetta L, Billack B. Use of the mouse ear vesicant model to evaluate the effectiveness of ebselen as a countermeasure to the nitrogen mustard mechlorethamine. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:1373-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Lulla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; St. John's University; Jamaica NY 11439 USA
| | - Sandra Reznik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; St. John's University; Jamaica NY 11439 USA
| | - Louis Trombetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; St. John's University; Jamaica NY 11439 USA
| | - Blase Billack
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; St. John's University; Jamaica NY 11439 USA
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21
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Langbein L, Reichelt J, Eckhart L, Praetzel-Wunder S, Kittstein W, Gassler N, Schweizer J. New facets of keratin K77: interspecies variations of expression and different intracellular location in embryonic and adult skin of humans and mice. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 354:793-812. [PMID: 24057875 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The differential expression of keratins is central to the formation of various epithelia and their appendages. Structurally, the type II keratin K77 is closely related to K1, the prototypical type II keratin of the suprabasal epidermis. Here, we perform a developmental study on K77 expression in human and murine skin. In both species, K77 is expressed in the suprabasal fetal epidermis. While K77 appears after K1 in the human epidermis, the opposite is true for the murine tissue. This species-specific pattern of expression is also found in conventional and organotypic cultures of human and murine keratinocytes. Ultrastructure investigation shows that, in contrast to K77 intermediate filaments of mice, those of the human ortholog are not attached to desmosomes. After birth, K77 disappears without deleterious consequences from human epidermis while it is maintained in the adult mouse epidermis, where its presence has so far gone unnoticed. After targeted Krt1 gene deletion in mice, K77 is normally expressed but fails to functionally replace K1. Besides the epidermis, both human and mouse K77 are present in luminal duct cells of eccrine sweat glands. The demonstration of a K77 ortholog in platypus but not in non-mammalian vertebrates identifies K77 as an evolutionarily ancient component of the mammalian integument that has evolved different patterns of intracellular distribution and adult tissue expression in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Langbein
- Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, A110, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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22
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Mecklenburg L, Kusewitt D, Kolly C, Treumann S, Adams ET, Diegel K, Yamate J, Kaufmann W, Müller S, Danilenko D, Bradley A. Proliferative and non-proliferative lesions of the rat and mouse integument. J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26:27S-57S. [PMID: 25035577 PMCID: PMC4091526 DOI: 10.1293/tox.26.27s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) project is a joint initiative of the societies of toxicological pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North America (STP). Its aim is to develop an internationally-accepted nomenclature for proliferative and non-proliferative lesions in laboratory rodents. A widely accepted international harmonization of nomenclature in laboratory animals will decrease confusion among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and will provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopical lesions observed in the integument of laboratory rats and mice. Example colour images are provided for most lesions. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document and additional colour images are also available electronically at http://www.goreni.org. The nomenclature presented herein is based on histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world, and covers lesions that develop spontaneously as well as those induced by exposure to various test materials. (DOI: 10.1293/tox.26.27S; J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26: 27S-57S).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - E. Terence Adams
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly Diegel
- Hoffmann La-Roche Nonclinical Safety, Nutley, New Jersey,
USA
| | | | | | - Susanne Müller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach,
Germany
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