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Fujii M, Ito S, Katsumata E, Chambers JK, Matsugo H, Takenaka-Uema A, Murakami S, Uchida K, Horimoto T. Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Schizophyllum commune Co-Infection in a Harbor Seal in Japan. Vet Sci 2024; 11:215. [PMID: 38787188 PMCID: PMC11125775 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has a wide host range, extending from pigs and ardeid birds to opportunistic dead-end hosts, such as humans and horses. However, JEV encephalitis infections in aquatic mammals are rare, with only two cases in seals reported to date. Here, we report a lethal case of JEV and Schizophyllum commune co-infection in an aquarium-housed harbor seal in Japan. We isolated JEV from the brain of the dead seal and characterized its phylogeny and pathogenicity in mice. The virus isolate from the seal was classified as genotype GIb, which aligns with recent Japanese human and mosquito isolates as well as other seal viruses detected in China and Korea, and does not exhibit a unique sequence trait distinct from that of human and mosquito strains. We demonstrated that the seal isolate is pathogenic to mice and causes neuronal symptoms. These data suggest that seals should be considered a susceptible dead-end host for circulating JEV in natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fujii
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.F.); (H.M.); (A.T.-U.); (S.M.)
| | - Soma Ito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (S.I.); (J.K.C.)
| | | | - James K. Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (S.I.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Hiromichi Matsugo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.F.); (H.M.); (A.T.-U.); (S.M.)
| | - Akiko Takenaka-Uema
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.F.); (H.M.); (A.T.-U.); (S.M.)
| | - Shin Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.F.); (H.M.); (A.T.-U.); (S.M.)
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (S.I.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Taisuke Horimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.F.); (H.M.); (A.T.-U.); (S.M.)
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Hensel ME, Rodrigues-Hoffmann A, Dray BK, Wilkerson GK, Baze WB, Sulkosky S, Hodo CL. Gastrointestinal tract pathology of the owl monkey ( Aotus spp.). Vet Pathol 2024; 61:316-323. [PMID: 37830482 PMCID: PMC10804813 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231204260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Owl monkeys are small nocturnal new world primates in the genus Aotus that are most used in biomedical research for malaria. Cardiomyopathy and nephropathy are well-described common diseases contributing to their morbidity and mortality; less is known about lesions affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Records from a 14-year period (2008-2022) at the Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research were queried to identify instances of spontaneous gastrointestinal disease that directly contributed to the cause of death from the 235 adult owl monkeys submitted for necropsy. Of the 235, 10.6% (25/235) had gastrointestinal disease listed as a significant factor that contributed to morbidity and mortality. Diagnoses included candidiasis (3/25), gastric bloat (4/25), and intestinal incarceration and ischemia secondary (11/25), which included intussusception (4/25), mesenteric rent (3/25), strangulating lipoma (2/25), intestinal torsion (1/25), and an inguinal hernia (1/25). Intestinal adenocarcinomas affecting the jejunum (4/25) were the most common neoplasia diagnosis. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (1/25) and intestinal lymphoma (2/25) were also diagnosed. This report provides evidence of spontaneous lesions in the species that contribute to morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wally B. Baze
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX
| | | | - Carolyn L. Hodo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX
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Toure A, Koffi JR, Etchian OA, Doukoure B, Toure AO, Dufour S. Estimating poultry aspergillosis prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of histopathological and mycological culture in Côte d'Ivoire using Bayesian latent class analysis. Mycology 2024; 15:120-128. [PMID: 38558837 PMCID: PMC10977016 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2301001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of poultry aspergillosis and evaluate the accuracy of histopathology (test under evaluation) and mycological culture (an imperfect reference test). Farms raising layer and breeder or broiler birds, with suspected aspergillosis cases, clinical or subclinical, were eligible and visited for sampling. After necropsy, histopathology and mycological culture examinations were conducted by two evaluators. A Bayesian latent class model was used to estimate the accuracy of histopathology when compared to the imperfect reference test, mycological culture. A total of 142 chicken farms, 96 laying and breeding hen farms, and 46 broiler farms were used for the study. True aspergillosis median prevalence was estimated at 63.7% (95% credibility intervals, CrI: 53.8%, 73.0%) in layers and breeders and at 65.2% (95% CrI: 50.2%, 78.3%) in the broiler farms' population. The median diagnostic sensitivity of histopathology and culture were estimated at, respectively, 98.8% (95% CrI: 94.6%, 100.0%) and 90.4% (95% CrI: 83.6%, 95.3%). Tests' diagnostic specificity was estimated at, respectively, 97.3% (95% CrI: 87.7%, 99.9%) and 95.7% (95% CrI: 91.8%, 98.2%). Both tests had very high and comparable positive predictive values, but, in a population where disease prevalence was 25%, histopathology had a higher negative predictive value than culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alassane Toure
- LANADA/Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Bingerville, Bingerville, Côte d’Ivoire
- UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Josepha Ruth Koffi
- UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | | | - Brahima Doukoure
- UFR Sciences Médicales, Université Felix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - André Offianan Toure
- Département de Parasitologie et de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Simon Dufour
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Barrs VR, Beczkowski PM, Talbot JJ, Hobi S, Teoh SN, Hernandez Muguiro D, Shubitz LF, Sandy J. Invasive Fungal Infections and Oomycoses in Cats: 1. Diagnostic approach. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X231219696. [PMID: 38189288 PMCID: PMC10949879 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231219696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE In contrast to superficial fungal infections, such as dermatophytosis, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are characterised by penetration of tissues by fungal elements. Disease can spread locally within a region or can disseminate haematogenously or via the lymphatics. The environment is the most common reservoir of infection. Since fungal spores are airborne, indoor cats are also susceptible to IFIs. Some environmental fungi are ubiquitous and present globally, while others are endemic or hyperendemic within specific geographic regions. Zoonotic pathogens include Microsporum canis, Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis. AIM In the first of a two-part article series, the approach to the investigation of feline IFIs and oomycoses is reviewed. As well as tips for diagnosis, and information on the ecological niche and distribution of fungal pathogens, the review covers clinical presentation of the most common IFIs, including cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, sporotrichosis, phaeohyphomycosis, aspergillosis and dermatophytic pseudomycetoma, as well as the oomycoses pythiosis, lagenidiosis and paralagenidiosis. In Part 2, the spectrum of activity, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and adverse effects of antifungal drugs are reviewed, and the treatment and prognosis for specific IFIs and oomycoses are discussed. EVIDENCE BASE The review draws on published evidence and the authors' combined expertise in feline medicine, mycology, dermatology, clinical pathology and anatomical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Barrs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Paweł M Beczkowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | | | - Stefan Hobi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Shu Ning Teoh
- Veterinary Specialists Aotearoa, Henderson, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Lisa F Shubitz
- Valley Fever Center for Excellence, The University of Arizona, AZ, USA
| | - Jeanine Sandy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Ramos MG, Walker RT, Stranahan LW. Hyphae, pseudohyphae, yeasts, spherules, spores, and more: A review on the morphology and pathology of fungal and oomycete infections in the skin of domestic animals. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:812-828. [PMID: 37222139 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231173715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are among the most common infectious agents affecting the skin of animals. The skin can serve as a port of entry for fungal infections, which can eventually become disseminated. In some regions of the world, oomycetes, such as Pythium and Lagenidium, are also responsible for a significant number of severe cutaneous infections. Histologic evaluation of fungal morphology, including size, shape, septation, branching, and budding characteristics, combined with the distribution of inflammatory infiltrates within different skin layers can potentially identify etiologic agents, guiding selection of antifungals and additional diagnostics. Fungal infections of the skin surface are typically caused by Malassezia and rarely Candida, with opportunistic fungi also capable of colonizing the skin surface, especially when the barrier is broken. Folliculocentric infections, caused by dermatophytes, result in mild to severe inflammation and can occasionally penetrate deep into the skin. A wide range of fungi, including agents of hyalohyphomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, and dimorphic fungal infections, as well as oomycetes, result in nodular cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions. With the occasional exception of dimorphic fungi, fungal speciation often requires cultures performed on fresh tissues. However, molecular techniques such as pan-fungal polymerase chain reaction on paraffin blocks is becoming an increasingly useful tool to distinguish between cutaneous fungal pathogens. This review focuses on describing the clinical and histologic features of the most common fungal and oomycete infections affecting the skin of animals, divided according to distribution patterns of lesions and fungal or oomycete morphology.
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Trecourt A, Rabodonirina M, Mauduit C, Traverse-Glehen A, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Meyronet D, Dijoud F, Ginevra C, Chapey-Picq E, Josse E, Martins-Simoes P, Bentaher A, Dupont D, Miossec C, Persat F, Wallon M, Ferry T, Pham F, Simon B, Menotti J. Fungal Integrated Histomolecular Diagnosis Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0152022. [PMID: 36809009 PMCID: PMC10035294 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01520-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Histopathology is the gold standard for fungal infection (FI) diagnosis, but it does not provide a genus and/or species identification. The objective of the present study was to develop targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on formalin-fixed tissue samples (FTs) to achieve a fungal integrated histomolecular diagnosis. Nucleic acid extraction was optimized on a first group of 30 FTs with Aspergillus fumigatus or Mucorales infection by macrodissecting the microscopically identified fungal-rich area and comparing Qiagen and Promega extraction methods through DNA amplification by A. fumigatus and Mucorales primers. Targeted NGS was developed on a second group of 74 FTs using three primer pairs (ITS-3/ITS-4, MITS-2A/MITS-2B, and 28S-12-F/28S-13-R) and two databases (UNITE and RefSeq). A prior fungal identification of this group was established on fresh tissues. Targeted NGS and Sanger sequencing results on FTs were compared. To be valid, the molecular identifications had to be compatible with the histopathological analysis. In the first group, the Qiagen method yielded a better extraction efficiency than the Promega method (100% and 86.7% of positive PCRs, respectively). In the second group, targeted NGS allowed fungal identification in 82.4% (61/74) of FTs using all primer pairs, in 73% (54/74) using ITS-3/ITS-4, in 68.9% (51/74) using MITS-2A/MITS-2B, and in 23% (17/74) using 28S-12-F/28S-13-R. The sensitivity varied according to the database used (81% [60/74] using UNITE compared to 50% [37/74] using RefSeq [P = 0.000002]). The sensitivity of targeted NGS (82.4%) was higher than that of Sanger sequencing (45.9%; P < 0.00001). To conclude, fungal integrated histomolecular diagnosis using targeted NGS is suitable on FTs and improves fungal detection and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Trecourt
- Service de Pathologie Multi-Site—Site Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, UR 3738–CICLY–Equipe Inflammation et Immunité de L’épithélium Respiratoire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Meja Rabodonirina
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Mauduit
- Service de Pathologie Multi-Site—Site Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Unité 1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
| | - Alexandra Traverse-Glehen
- Service de Pathologie Multi-Site—Site Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mojgan Devouassoux-Shisheboran
- Service de Pathologie Multi-Site—Site Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - David Meyronet
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service de Pathologie Multi-site—Site Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Frédérique Dijoud
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service de Pathologie Multi-site—Site Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Ginevra
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Génomique Épidémiologique des Maladies Infectieuses (GENEPII), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Centre National de Référence des Légionelles, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Chapey-Picq
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Josse
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Martins-Simoes
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Génomique Épidémiologique des Maladies Infectieuses (GENEPII), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Centre National de Référence des Staphyloccoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Abderrazzak Bentaher
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, UR 3738–CICLY–Equipe Inflammation et Immunité de L’épithélium Respiratoire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Dupont
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Charline Miossec
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Persat
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, UR 3738–CICLY–Equipe Inflammation et Immunité de L’épithélium Respiratoire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Wallon
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Félix Pham
- Service de Dermatologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Simon
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Génomique Épidémiologique des Maladies Infectieuses (GENEPII), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Virologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Menotti
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, UR 3738–CICLY–Equipe Inflammation et Immunité de L’épithélium Respiratoire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Génomique Épidémiologique des Maladies Infectieuses (GENEPII), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
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Souto EPF, Oliveira AM, Hoffmann AR, Mota RA, Galiza GJN, Dantas AFM. Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in a greater bulldog bat (Noctilio leporinus) in northeastern Brazil. J Comp Pathol 2023; 201:37-40. [PMID: 36701871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An adult male greater bulldog bat (Noctilio leporinus) was found dead in a suburban area in the municipality of Patos, Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. At post-mortem examination, the bat was emaciated and had multifocal to coalescent grey, crusted, dry, scaly cutaneous lesions, irregularly distributed over the dorsal thoracoabdominal region, muzzle, labial commissures, ears and dorsoventral surfaces of the patagia. Histopathology revealed numerous longitudinal and transverse sections of fungal organisms, with weakly basophilic walls, associated with multifocal areas of ulceration of the epidermis, necrosis, rupture and discontinuity of collagen fibres in the dermis without any inflammatory response. Molecular identification matched the organism to Cladosporium spp, Curvularia spp, Exserohilum spp, Bipolaris spp (100%) and Alternaria spp (97%), all of which have been associated with phaeohyphomycosis. Phaeohyphomycosis should be included as a differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in chiropterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P F Souto
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil.
| | - A M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - A R Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - R A Mota
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - G J N Galiza
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - A F M Dantas
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
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8
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Ashraf MJ, Shamsizadeh F, Morovati H, Hejazinia S, Kord M, Ansari S, Pakshir K, Shekarkhar G, Zomorodian K. Accompanying a semi‐nested
PCR
assay to support histopathology findings of fungal keratitis in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded corneal samples. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24764. [DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Foroogh Shamsizadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Hamid Morovati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Safoora Hejazinia
- Department of Pathology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Mohammad Kord
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Golsa Shekarkhar
- Department of Pathology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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9
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Elshafie NO, Hanlon J, Malkawi M, Sayedahmed EE, Guptill LF, Jones-Hall YL, Santos AP. Nested PCR Detection of Pythium sp. from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Canine Tissue Sections. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080444. [PMID: 36006359 PMCID: PMC9412607 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pythium insidiosum is a waterborne fungus-like organism commonly present in tropical and subtropical areas that causes a disease named pythiosis in dogs and other animals. This disease can cause inflammatory lesions on the skin and gastrointestinal tract and, if left untreated, may be fatal. Because this mold lacks the distinctive features of true fungi, it requires specific treatment. Diagnosis of pythiosis is commonly achieved by microscope visualization after staining the tissue sections (histopathology). Although some stains highlight hyphae, these techniques are challenging to distinguish P. insidiosum from other fungi. Our study aimed to develop a molecular technique (nested PCR) to specifically detect P. insidiosum DNA in biopsy specimens to aid in diagnosing this organism. Archived biopsies from 26 dogs suspected of pythiosis were examined by histopathology with special stains and tested by the novel nested PCR. Agreement between histopathology and nested PCR occurred in 18/26 cases. The microscopic examination identified hyphae consistent with Pythium sp. in 57.7% of the samples, whereas the nested PCR detected P. insidiosum DNA in 76.9% of samples, aiding in the sensitivity of the diagnosis of pythiosis in dogs. Using this combination of techniques, we report 20 canine cases of pythiosis over 18 years in Indiana and Kentucky, an unexpectedly high incidence for temperate climatic regions. Thus, we recommend using our nested PCR test in addition to the microscopic examination to increase the sensitivity of the diagnosis. Abstract Pythium insidiosum is an infectious oomycete affecting dogs that develop the cutaneous or gastrointestinal form of pythiosis with a poor prognosis. If left untreated, pythiosis may be fatal. This organism is not a true fungus because its cell wall and cell membrane lack chitin and ergosterol, respectively, requiring specific treatment. Identifying the organism is challenging, as a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain poorly stain the P. insidiosum hyphae and cannot be differentiated conclusively from other fungal or fungal-like organisms (such as Lagenidium sp.) morphologically. Our study aimed to develop a nested PCR to detect P. insidiosum and compare it with the traditional histopathologic detection of hyphae. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue scrolls from 26 dogs with lesions suggesting the P. insidiosum infection were assessed histologically, and DNA was extracted from the FFPE tissue sections for nested PCR. Agreement between the histologic stains, (H&E), periodic acid–Schiff (PAS), and/or Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) and the nested PCR occurred in 18/26 cases. Hyphae consistent with Pythium sp. were identified via histopathology in 57.7% of the samples, whereas the nested PCR detected P. insidiosum in 76.9% of samples, aiding in the sensitivity of the diagnosis of pythiosis in dogs. Using this combination of techniques, we report 20 canine cases of pythiosis over 18 years in Indiana and Kentucky, an unexpectedly high incidence for temperate climatic regions. Using a combination of histopathology evaluation and nested PCR is recommended to aid in the accurate diagnosis of pythiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly O. Elshafie
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jessica Hanlon
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mays Malkawi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ekramy E. Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lynn F. Guptill
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yava L. Jones-Hall
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Andrea P. Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Souto E, Kommers G, Souza A, Neto EGM, Assis D, Riet-Correa F, Galiza G, Dantas A. A Retrospective Study of Pythiosis in Domestic Animals in Northeastern Brazil. J Comp Pathol 2022; 195:34-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Anderson S, Barrantes Murillo DF, Womble M, Gibbs N, Harrell K, Negrão Watanabe TT. Case Report: Novel Disseminated Paecilomyces formosus Infection in a Dog. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:878327. [PMID: 35656172 PMCID: PMC9152448 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.878327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2.5-year-old, 25.5 kg, spayed female Australian Shepherd dog had a 2-month history of shifting leg lameness in all limbs, tetraparesis, progressive lethargy, and severe pain. On the physical examination, fever (40.61°C), tachycardia, tachypnea, mild diffuse pelvic limb muscular atrophy, left prescapular and right popliteal lymphadenomegaly were observed. Due to the poor prognosis and difficult pain management, humane euthanasia was elected. Macroscopic and histological findings revealed multifocal to coalescing granulomas with central areas of lytic necrosis within the right femur, left humerus, left scapula, left biceps brachii, right semimembranosus muscle, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. The necrotic areas contained myriad intralesional, intracellular, and extracellular negatively stained, non-pigmented, septate acute angle branching hyphae with parallel walls measuring 3–6 μm in width with polar bulbous projections measuring 7–13 μm in width. Fresh samples of the liver were submitted for fungal culture. Panfungal PCR targeting the major conserved genes-ITS, TUB, CAL-confirmed Paecilomyces formosus. Paecilomyces spp. are members of anamorphic fungi classified under the phylum Ascomycota. Paecilomycosis is an uncommon fungal infection caused by Paecilomyces spp with a disease reported in humans and animals ranging from superficial to systemic clinical forms affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. In dogs, disseminated paecilomycosis has been reported, but the species of fungi are not always determined. To our knowledge, this is the first case of disseminated paecilomycosis caused by P. formosus infection in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Anderson
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | - Mandy Womble
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Nicole Gibbs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Karyn Harrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe
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12
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Bacon RL, Lovell SA, Rodrigues Hoffman A, Fratzke AP. Talaromyces spp. infections in dogs from the Southern United States. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:451-454. [PMID: 35137606 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221075589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Talaromyces spp. are soil-dwelling fungi sporadically reported to cause disease in humans and dogs. This study summarized the clinical presentations, histologic findings, and Talaromyces sp. involved in 5 dogs diagnosed through the panfungal polymerase chain reaction service (PCR) at Texas A&M University, with a review of previously reported cases. Of the 5 cases, 3 were Labrador Retrievers, 2 were male, and 3 were female. Three of 5 involved the musculoskeletal or lymphatic systems, and 2 of 5 dogs presented with meningoencephalitis. Talaromyces helicus, Talaromyces aurantiacus, and Talaromyces boninensis were identified based on panfungal PCR, showing 99% to 100% sequence matches in combination with morphologic features. Three of 5 dogs had static disease at the time of publication, 1 was euthanized, and 1 was lost to follow-up. This study describes Talaromyces spp. as a cause of meningoencephalitis in dogs, identifies 2 novel Talaromyces spp. involved in infections, and adds to the existing knowledge of clinical presentations and outcomes.
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13
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Ashraf MJ, Kord M, Morovati H, Ansari S, Shekarkhar G, Badali H, Pakshir K, Shamsizadeh F, Khademi B, Shishegar M, Ahmadikia K, Zomorodian K. Evaluating a semi-nested PCR to support histopathology reports of fungal rhinosinusitis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24209. [PMID: 34997792 PMCID: PMC8841172 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) encompasses a various spectrum of diseases. Histopathology is the "reference method" for diagnosing FRS, but it cannot determine the genus and species. Moreover, in more than 50% of the histopathologically proven cases, the culture elicited no reliable results. This study was an attempt to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in FRS patients. METHODS One hundred ten specimens were subjected to DNA extraction and histopathology examination. The amplification of the β-globin gene by conventional PCR was used to confirm the quality of extracted DNA. The semi-nested PCR was performed using ITS1, ITS2, and ITS4 primers during two steps. Sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) to identify causative agents was performed on PCR products. RESULTS Sixty-four out of 110 samples were positive by histopathology evidence, of which 56 samples (87.5%) were positive by PCR. Out of 46 negative samples by histopathological methods, five samples (10.9%) yielded positive results by PCR. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the semi-nested PCR method were reported 87.5%, 89.2%, 92.7%, and 85.2%, respectively. The kappa factor between PCR and histopathological methods was 0.76, indicating substantial agreements between these two tests. CONCLUSION Due to the acceptable sensitivity and specificity of the present method, it might be used to diagnose fungal sinusitis infections along with microscopic techniques. This method is recommended to confirm the diagnose of suspected fungal sinusitis with negative histopathology results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Ashraf
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kord
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Morovati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golsa Shekarkhar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kayvan Pakshir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forough Shamsizadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bijan Khademi
- Research Center of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Shishegar
- Research Center of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kazem Ahmadikia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Armwood AR, Cañete-Gibas CF, Dill-Okubo JA, Wiederhold NP, Camus AC. Retrospective study of phaeohyphomycosis in aquarium-housed fish, with first descriptions of Exophiala lecanii-corni and Neodevriesia cladophorae in fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1563-1577. [PMID: 34148252 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A broadening fish host range is affected by novel and known pigmented fungal pathogens. A review of 2,250 piscine submissions received by the Aquatic Pathology Service, University of Georgia, revealed 47 phaeohyphomycosis cases (2.1%), representing 34 bony and cartilaginous fish species. The majority involved bony fish (45/47, 95.7%) and were predominantly marine (41/47, 87.2%), with only a few freshwater species (4/47, 8.5%). Cartilaginous fish cases included two zebra sharks (Stegostoma fasciatum) (2/47, 4.3%). Northern seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) had the highest incidence overall (7/47, 14.9%). Culture and sequencing of the internal-transcribed spacer region of the rDNA (ITS), large ribosomal subunit gene D1/D2 domains (LSU) and the DNA polymerase II gene (RPB2) were performed for fungal identification when fresh tissue was obtainable. Exophiala, Ochroconis and Neodevriesia spp. were identified, with Exophiala as the most common fungal genus (8/11, 72.7%). Exophiala lecanii-corni and Neodevriesia cladophorae were described for the first time from fish. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by necrosis, granulomatous inflammation and angioinvasion most frequently affecting the skin/fin, skeletal muscle and kidneys. In this study of diverse aquarium-housed fish species, phaeohyphomycosis cases occurred sporadically and in rare outbreaks with variable pathologic presentations, tissue distributions and severities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Armwood
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Connie F Cañete-Gibas
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Nathan P Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alvin C Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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15
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Piedra-Mora C, Desai SJ, Maggio F, Jennings SH, Pumphrey SA. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:861-864. [PMID: 33825529 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.8.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Schlemmer SN, Fratzke AP, Ploeg RJ, Whitfield-Cargile C, Arnold C, Rodrigues-Hoffmann A, Older CE, Jeffery U. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:379-382. [PMID: 33539213 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.4.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Liatis T, Theochari F, Kalogianni L, Soubasis N, Oikonomidis IL, Velegraki A, Psalla D, Triantafyllou E, Patsikas M, Polizopoulou Z. Brainstem phaeohyphomycosis due to Curvularia lunata (Cochliobolus lunatus) in a cat. Aust Vet J 2021; 99:273-278. [PMID: 33830496 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 13-year-old female neutered domestic short-hair cat was presented with chronic progressive vestibular ataxia, lethargy and anorexia. Clinical examination revealed bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge. Neurological examination revealed obtundation, a right head tilt, ambulatory tetraparesis, generalised vestibular ataxia, decreased postural reactions in all limbs, right Horner's syndrome, spontaneous conjugate jerk rotatory nystagmus and right positional ventral strabismus. Neuroanatomical localisation was observed in the right central vestibular system. Computed tomography revealed a solitary ill-defined contrast-enhancing mass lesion at the level of the right cerebellopontine angle. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed mild mononuclear pleocytosis and fungal elements. CSF culture was positive for Curvularia spp. Further tests for underlying diseases were all negative. The cat was treated with antibiotic and antifungal treatment, but it deteriorated rapidly and was euthanased. Necropsy of the brainstem mass lesion revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation. Panfungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and subsequent sequencing identified Curvularia lunata in the formalin fixed brain tissue. This is the first report of brainstem phaeohyphomycosis by Curvularia lunata (Pleosporales) in a cat. In addition, this is the first report among animal and humans where fungal elements of Curvularia lunata were found in the CSF cytology. Opportunistic fungal pathogens should be always considered within the differential diagnoses list in cats with neurological signs and advanced imaging findings compatible with solitary mass lesions in the brain. In feline patients with pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis and a suspicion of a fungal aetiology, panfungal PCR for the ITS region and sequencing should be performed regardless of the absence of fungal elements in histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liatis
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.,Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 27, Greece
| | - F Theochari
- Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 27, Greece
| | - L Kalogianni
- Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 27, Greece
| | - N Soubasis
- Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 27, Greece
| | - I L Oikonomidis
- Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.,Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 27, Greece
| | - A Velegraki
- Mycology Research Laboratory and UOA/HCPF Culture Collection, Microbiology Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 115 27, Greece.,Mycology Laboratory, Biomedicine S.A., Athens, 115 25, Greece
| | - D Psalla
- Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 27, Greece
| | - E Triantafyllou
- Vet Analyses - Veterinary Diagnostic Lab S.A., Larissa, 412 22, Greece
| | - M Patsikas
- Diagnostic Imaging Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 27, Greece
| | - Z Polizopoulou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 27, Greece
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18
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Park JY, Giaretta PR, Kommers GD, Pool R, Lawhon S, Older CE, Gibbons P, Madrigal RG, Rech RR. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:1133-1135. [PMID: 33226290 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2020.257.11.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Jillwin J, Rudramurthy SM, Singh S, Bal A, Das A, Radotra B, Prakash H, Dhaliwal M, Kaur H, Ghosh AK, Chakrabarti A. Molecular identification of pathogenic fungi in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33252325 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Histopathological examination (HPE) of tissue helps in the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) but cannot identify the fungus to the genus/species levelGap Statement Available protocols for the molecular identification of fungi from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues have limitations in terms of extraction and target selection, and standardisation.Aim. Development of sequence-based fungal identification protocol after extraction of DNA from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues.Methodology. A total of 63 FFPE tissues from histopathology proven IFI cases were used to standardize the DNA extraction (commercial QIAamp kit-based extraction and conventional phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol [PCI] method) and sequence-based fungal identification protocols. The PCR targeted different ribosomal DNA (rDNA) regions including complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), separate ITS1 and ITS2, 18S and D1/D2 of 28S regions. Semi-nested PCR targeting Mucorales-specific 18S rDNA region was performed in tissues having aseptate hyphae. The optimized ITS1-PCR protocol was evaluated in 119 FFPE tissues containing septate hyphae or yeast, and Mucorales-specific semi-nested PCR in 126 FFPE tissues containing aseptate hyphae.Results. The DNA yield by conventional PCI method was significantly higher (P<0.0001) than commercial kit, though the quality of DNA was similar by both protocols. The test accuracy was best while using ITS1 (61.9 %) as the target compared to 7.9, 29.9 and 22.2 % on targeting ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, ITS2, the D1/D2 region of 28S, respectively. The test accuracies of ITS1-PCR in tissues containing septate hyphae, aseptate hyphae and yeasts were 75.5, 18.7 and 100 %, respectively. The amplification (targeting ITS1 region) improved by increasing the thickness of tissue section (up to 50 µm) used for DNA extraction. ITS1-PCR protocol could amplify fungal DNA in 76 (63.8 %) tissues and Mucorales-specific semi-nested PCR in 86 (68.3 %) tissues.Conclusion. Conventional PCI-based DNA extraction from thick tissue (50 µm) may be used until optimal commercial fungal DNA extraction kit is developed. Subsequent ITS1-PCR for septate fungi and yeast, and semi-nested PCR targeting 18S rDNA for Mucorales are recommended to identify the fungus in FFPE tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jillwin
- Present address: Lecturer of Microbiology, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shreya Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amanjit Bal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bishan Radotra
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hariprasath Prakash
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manpreet Dhaliwal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anup K Ghosh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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20
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Myers AN, Jeffery U, Seyler ZG, Lawhon SD, Hoffmann AR. Diagnostic Accuracy of a Direct Panfungal Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Performed on Stained Cytology Slides. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:542-548. [PMID: 33583363 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821991562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular techniques are increasingly being applied to stained cytology slides for the diagnosis of neoplastic and infectious diseases. Such techniques for the identification of fungi from stained cytology slides have not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of direct (without nucleic acid isolation) panfungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing for identification of fungi and oomycetes on stained cytology slides from dogs, cats, horses, and other species. Thirty-six cases were identified with cytologically identifiable fungi/oomycetes and concurrent identification via fungal culture or immunoassay. Twenty-nine controls were identified with no cytologically or histologically visible organisms and a concurrent negative fungal culture. Direct PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer region followed by sequencing was performed on one cytology slide from each case and control, and the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were calculated. The sensitivity of the panfungal PCR assay performed on stained cytology slides was 67% overall, 73% excluding cases with oomycetes, and 86% when considering only slides with abundant fungi. The specificity was 62%, which was attributed to amplification of fungal DNA from control slides with no visible fungus and negative culture results. Direct panfungal PCR is capable of providing genus- or species-level identification of fungi from stained cytology slides. Given the potential of panfungal PCR to amplify contaminant fungal DNA, this assay should be performed on slides with visible fungi and interpreted in conjunction with morphologic assessment by a clinical pathologist.
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Jaffey JA, Hostnik ET, Hoffman AR, Jay M, Ferguson SH, Wiederhold NP. Case Report: Successful Management of Conidiobolus Lamprauges Rhinitis in a Dog. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:633695. [PMID: 33614770 PMCID: PMC7892434 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.633695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a case of Conidiobolus lamprauges rhinitis in a Goldendoodle, that was presented for evaluation of sneezing, coughing, lethargy, as well as right-sided epistaxis and clear ocular discharge. Computed tomography revealed a large amount of soft tissue within the right nasal passage that obscured the osseous turbinates from the right maxillary canine tooth to the right side of the choanae. Biopsies revealed eosinophilic granulomas with variable number of basophilic to negatively staining, septate, fungal hyphae with non-parallel walls and irregular branching that were subsequently determined to be Conidiobolus lamprauges via panfungal PCR and sequencing. Complete and sustained resolution of clinical disease was achieved after 75 days of systemic antifungal therapy. This report describes for the first time, important clinical features of a dog with nasal conidiobolomycosis that will facilitate its recognition, prognostication, and treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Eric T. Hostnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffman
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Maureen Jay
- Department of Surgery, Animal Medical & Surgical Center, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Sylvia H. Ferguson
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Nathan P. Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
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22
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Díaz-Delgado J, Marrow JC, Flanagan JP, Bauer KL, Zhang M, Rodrigues-Hoffmann A, Groch KR, Gomez G, Balamayooran G. Outbreak of Paranannizziopsis australasiensis Infection in Captive African Bush Vipers (Atheris squamigera). J Comp Pathol 2020; 181:97-102. [PMID: 33288159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of an outbreak of Paranannizziopsis australasiensis (order Onygenales) in captive African bush vipers (Atheris squamigera) (ABVs) that died suddenly. The snakes had multifocal, raised, white-grey to dark brown discoloured cutaneous patches. Microscopically, all had integumentary lesions characterized by multifocal to coalescent necroheterophilic epidermitis with superficial and intraepidermal fungal elements and bacteria. Concurrent epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and intracellular and intercellular oedema, often leading to vesiculation, and fasciitis/superficial myositis, were consistent findings in all snakes, while ulceration (9/11) and dysecdysis (5/11) varied. A panfungal polymerase chain reaction targeting the internal transcribed spacer-2 region, and gene sequencing, confirmed P. australasiensis infection in three cases. This is the first report of P. australasiensis in the USA and the first record of paranannizziopsis infection in African bush vipers. P. australasiensis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dermatomycosis in snakes and represents a potential threat to reptile conservation programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Díaz-Delgado
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues-Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Katia R Groch
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriel Gomez
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA
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23
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Carmo PMSD, Uzal FA, Pedroso PMO, Riet-Correa F. Conidiobolomycosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis in sheep and goats: a review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:826-834. [PMID: 32921278 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720958338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We review herein infections by Conidiobolus spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp. in sheep and goats. Conidiobolus spp. are common causes of rhinitis in sheep and are less frequent in goats, in which Conidiobolus spp. also cause skin lesions. Cryptococcus spp. cause rhinitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and pneumonia in goats, and are rarely observed in sheep. Aspergillus spp. may cause rhinitis in goats, and pneumonia and mastitis in sheep and goats. Gross and microscopic lesions caused by these 3 fungal infections may be similar to each other. The diagnosis of these diseases must be based on gross and microscopic lesions, coupled with detection of the agent by immunohistochemical, molecular, and/or culture-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Maria Silva do Carmo
- Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural (CSTR), Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Bairro Santa Cecília, Patos, Brazil
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA
| | - Pedro M O Pedroso
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Nacional de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
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24
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Brand EM, Lim CK, Biswell E, Jones-Hall Y, Heng HG. Concurrent bullous emphysema, bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrosis, and tension pneumothorax in an 8-week-old puppy. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2020; 61:951-955. [PMID: 32879519 PMCID: PMC7424943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week-old, male, mixed breed puppy was presented because of progressive respiratory distress. Thoracic radiographs revealed innumerable coalescing pulmonary bullae throughout the lungs with increased soft tissue opacity of the remaining pulmonary parenchyma and tension pneumothorax. Necropsy and histopathological findings were compatible with bullous emphysema and marked neutrophilic to histiocytic bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrosis, bronchiectasis, fibrosis, dystrophic mineralization, and vasculitis with thrombosis. Tests for agents of infectious disease did not reveal an underlying etiological agent. This case highlights the radiographic, gross necropsy, and histopathologic features of a puppy with bullous emphysema and severe bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Brand
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Brand, Lim, Heng) and Department of Comparative Pathobiology (Biswell, Jones-Hall), College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Chee Kin Lim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Brand, Lim, Heng) and Department of Comparative Pathobiology (Biswell, Jones-Hall), College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ethan Biswell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Brand, Lim, Heng) and Department of Comparative Pathobiology (Biswell, Jones-Hall), College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yava Jones-Hall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Brand, Lim, Heng) and Department of Comparative Pathobiology (Biswell, Jones-Hall), College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Hock Gan Heng
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Brand, Lim, Heng) and Department of Comparative Pathobiology (Biswell, Jones-Hall), College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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25
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Marclay M, Langohr IM, Gaschen FP, Rodrigues-Hoffmann A, Carossino M, Stewart MA, Myers AN, Grooters AM. Colorectal basidiobolomycosis in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2091-2095. [PMID: 32681715 PMCID: PMC7517509 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7‐year‐old castrated male French Bulldog was examined for chronic large intestinal enteropathy. A colonic mass and thickened rectal mucosa were identified, and histopathologic examination of endoscopic biopsy specimens disclosed eosinophilic proctitis with large (5‐20 μm), irregularly shaped, pauciseptate hyphae that were Gomori methenamine silver and periodic acid‐Schiff positive. Amplification and sequencing of ribosomal DNA extracted from paraffin‐embedded tissues yielded a sequence with 97% identity to GenBank sequences for Basidiobolus ranarum. After itraconazole, terbinafine, and prednisone administration, clinical signs resolved rapidly, and sonographic lesions were largely absent after 6 weeks. Treatment was discontinued by the owner 15 weeks after diagnosis. Three weeks later, the dog collapsed acutely and was euthanized. Necropsy identified metastatic islet cell carcinoma and grossly unremarkable colorectal tissues. However, histopathology of the rectum disclosed multifocal submucosal granulomas with intralesional hyphae morphologically similar to those previously observed. This report is the first to describe medical treatment of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Marclay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ingeborg M Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Frederic P Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mathew A Stewart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alexandra N Myers
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Amy M Grooters
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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26
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Souto EPF, Maia LA, Virgínio JP, Carneiro RS, Kommers GD, Riet-Correa F, Galiza GJN, Dantas AFM. Pythiosis in cats in northeastern Brazil. J Mycol Med 2020; 30:101005. [PMID: 32522404 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological aspects of pythiosis in cats in northeastern Brazil are described. From January 2000 to December 2018 the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Campina Grande received 1928 tissue samples of cats, three of which were diagnosed as pythiosis. Grossly, the cats showed a multinodular mass in the oral cavity associated with facial deformity (case 1), a large multinodular mass thickening the jejunum wall (case 2), and an ulcerated nodule in the skin at the base of the tail (case 3). Histologically, pyogranulomatous inflammation and necrosis, with intralesional predominantly negatively stained hyphae, were observed in all cases. Immunohistochemistry for Pythium insidiosum revealed strong immunolabelling of the hyphae. The diagnosis of pythiosis was based on the epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological findings, and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Although uncommon in cats, pythiosis should be readily considered as a differential diagnosis of chronic pyogranulomatous infections of the gastrointestinal tract and skin, especially in endemic areas, where the disease is often diagnosed in other animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P F Souto
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil.
| | - L A Maia
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Federal Institute of Paraiba, Sousa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - J P Virgínio
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Federal Institute of Paraiba, Sousa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - R S Carneiro
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - G D Kommers
- Pathology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F Riet-Correa
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - G J N Galiza
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - A F M Dantas
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
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27
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Lau CH, Snook ER, Swinford AK, Bryan LK. Achlya sp. Dermatitis in an American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). J Comp Pathol 2020; 175:1-4. [PMID: 32138837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oomycetes are water moulds in the kingdom Protista and are not considered true fungi due to the structural lack of chitin and ergosterol. Many oomycetes are pathogenic, such as Pythium spp., and many fish are prone to Saprolegnia spp. infections, particularly in stressful farming situations. A juvenile American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) was presented for necropsy examination with white, gelatinous, raised lesions over ulcerated regions of skin on the limbs and tail. The alligator came from a hatchery with age-divided enclosures, and several of the animals within the same enclosure showed similar lesions. Numerous hyphae with non-parallel walls and sparse, non-dichotomous branching were observed histologically on Gomori's methenamine silver staining within the ulcers. Although no organisms were detectable via polymerase chain reaction testing of fresh or formalin-fixed tissues, the organism was cultured and sequenced as an Achlya sp., an infrequently identified oomycete. To the author's knowledge, this is the first description of an oomycete infection within the class Reptilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lau
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - E R Snook
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - A K Swinford
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - L K Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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28
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Barrs VR, Talbot JJ. Fungal Rhinosinusitis and Disseminated Invasive Aspergillosis in Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 50:331-357. [PMID: 31866094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fungal rhinosinusitis, including sinonasal aspergillosis (SNA) and sino-orbital aspergillosis (SOA), is the most common type of aspergillosis encountered in cats. Other focal forms of aspergillosis including disseminated invasive aspergillosis occur less frequently. SOA is an invasive mycosis that is increasingly recognized and is most commonly caused by Aspergillus felis, a close relative of Aspergillus fumigatus. SNA can be invasive or noninvasive and is most commonly caused by A fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Molecular methods are required to correctly identify the fungi that cause SNA and SOA. SNA has a favorable prognosis with treatment, whereas the prognosis for SOA remains poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Barrs
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Infectious Diseases & Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jessica J Talbot
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney, University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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29
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Hensel M, Meason-Smith C, Plumlee QD, Myers AN, Coleman MC, Lawhon S, Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Rech RR. Retrospective Analysis of Aetiological Agents Associated with Pulmonary Mycosis Secondary to Enteric Salmonellosis in Six Horses by Panfungal Polymerase Chain Reaction. J Comp Pathol 2019; 174:1-7. [PMID: 31955794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary mycosis secondary to enterocolitis is an uncommon diagnosis in equine medicine, but is thought to result from mucosal compromise and translocation of enteric fungi. The aetiological agent associated with translocation is often identified based on fungal culture or hyphal features in histological sections. In order to understand better the aetiological agents involved, six horses diagnosed with Salmonella enteritis and concurrent pulmonary mycosis were identified retrospectively through a database search of veterinary teaching hospital records. Samples from these cases were subjected to polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) located between the 5.8S and 28S rRNA genes to identify the aetiological agent involved. Sequencing identified Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp., Cladosporium spp. and Curvularia spp. A single case had a dual infection with Fusarium spp. and A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hensel
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Q D Plumlee
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - A N Myers
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - M C Coleman
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - S Lawhon
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - R R Rech
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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30
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Lockhart SR, Gary JM. Is This Zebra Really a Zebra? The Challenge of Diagnosing Rare Fungal Infections in Veterinary Pathology. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:510-511. [PMID: 31185881 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819843684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn R Lockhart
- 1 Mycotic Diseases Branch and Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joy M Gary
- 2 Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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31
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Schlemmer SN, Fratzke AP, Gibbons P, Porter BF, Mansell J, Ploeg RJ, Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Older CE, Clark SD. Histoplasmosis and multicentric lymphoma in a Nubian goat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:770-773. [PMID: 31378198 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719868810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Following treatment for pneumonia, a 1-y-old female Nubian goat was presented because of a persistent fever for 3 mo and peripheral lymphadenopathy for 1 mo. Cytology and histology of the superficial cervical and prefemoral lymph nodes demonstrated a moderate-to-marked "left-shifted" lymphoid population, suggestive of lymphoma, and extremely rare extracellular, 2-4 µm, oval, basophilic yeast, consistent with Histoplasma capsulatum. On immunohistochemistry, >95% of the lymphocytes demonstrated positive cytoplasmic and membranous immunoreactivity for CD3. Histoplasma spp. urine antigen and serum antibody testing were positive and negative, respectively. Panfungal PCR and sequencing of DNA extracted from scrolls of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue yielded matches to H. capsulatum with 99-100% identity. Given the poor prognosis and persistent pyrexia, the animal was euthanized. Postmortem examination confirmed concurrent multicentric, intermediate-size, T-cell, lymphoblastic lymphoma and histoplasmosis; lesions consistent with intestinal coccidiosis and suspected pulmonary Rhodococcus equi were also noted. Although dimorphic fungi have been described previously in goats, lesions of Histoplasma spp. had not been documented in this species, to our knowledge. Given the low disease burden, it is suspected that the lymphoma was primary, leading to an immunocompromised state and development of secondary, opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Schlemmer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Schlemmer, Fratzke, Porter, Mansell, Ploeg, Hoffmann, Older, Clark).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Ewing, VA (Gibbons)
| | - Alycia P Fratzke
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Schlemmer, Fratzke, Porter, Mansell, Ploeg, Hoffmann, Older, Clark).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Ewing, VA (Gibbons)
| | - Philippa Gibbons
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Schlemmer, Fratzke, Porter, Mansell, Ploeg, Hoffmann, Older, Clark).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Ewing, VA (Gibbons)
| | - Brian F Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Schlemmer, Fratzke, Porter, Mansell, Ploeg, Hoffmann, Older, Clark).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Ewing, VA (Gibbons)
| | - Joanne Mansell
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Schlemmer, Fratzke, Porter, Mansell, Ploeg, Hoffmann, Older, Clark).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Ewing, VA (Gibbons)
| | - Richard J Ploeg
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Schlemmer, Fratzke, Porter, Mansell, Ploeg, Hoffmann, Older, Clark).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Ewing, VA (Gibbons)
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Schlemmer, Fratzke, Porter, Mansell, Ploeg, Hoffmann, Older, Clark).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Ewing, VA (Gibbons)
| | - Caitlin E Older
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Schlemmer, Fratzke, Porter, Mansell, Ploeg, Hoffmann, Older, Clark).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Ewing, VA (Gibbons)
| | - Sabrina D Clark
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Schlemmer, Fratzke, Porter, Mansell, Ploeg, Hoffmann, Older, Clark).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Ewing, VA (Gibbons)
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32
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Kang JH, Yoon JH, Kim YB, Hwang CY. Canine pyoderma gangrenosum with recurring skin lesions of unknown origin and splenic involvement. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:359-e105. [PMID: 31090152 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of canine pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) are uncommon in the veterinary literature. Rarer still are cases describing dogs with both skin lesions and internal organ involvement. OBJECTIVE To describe a case of canine PG with skin and internal organ involvement. ANIMALS A client-owned dog. METHODS AND MATERIALS Complete blood count, serum chemistry, C-reactive protein and SNAP cPL tests, and abdominal ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration of the spleen were performed. RESULTS The dog was treated with oral prednisolone and ciclosporin. After three months of therapy, ultrasonography revealed normalization of the spleen and resolution of skin lesions. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Dogs with skin lesions compatible with PG should be screened carefully for internal organ involvement. Ciclosporin may be a useful treatment for the immediate and long-term management of canine PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hun Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Baek Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Cheol-Yong Hwang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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33
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Hensel M, Hoffmann AR, Gonzales M, Owston MA, Dick EJ. Phylogenetic analysis of Histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii in baboons from archived formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues. Med Mycol 2019; 57:256-259. [PMID: 29471422 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii (Hcd) infections have been well documented to cause chronic granulomatous disease, mainly involving the skin of baboons and humans in African countries primarily. This retrospective study classified the subspecies of Histoplasma and developed a phylogenetic tree utilizing DNA sequences extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues from 9 baboons from a research colony in Texas histologically diagnosed with Hcd. Based on sequence analysis of ITS-2, Tub-1, and ARF, Hcd isolated from the archived samples closely aligns with the African clade and has 88% sequence homology with a sample isolated from an individual in Senegal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hensel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - A Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - M Gonzales
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - M A Owston
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - E J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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34
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Dedeaux A, Grooters A, Wakamatsu-Utsuki N, Taboada J. Opportunistic Fungal Infections in Small Animals. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018; 54:327-337. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Opportunistic fungal infections have long been recognized as rare causes of disease in immunocompetent dogs and cats. Recently, the escalating use of multiagent immunosuppression protocols (especially those that include cyclosporine) has resulted in an increased number of patients with opportunistic fungal infection encountered by small animal practitioners and has altered the typical case phenotype. Based on histologic and cytologic features such as pigmentation, hyphal diameter, and distribution in tissue, these opportunistic mycoses can be placed into categories such as phaeohyphomycosis, hyalohyphomycosis, and eumycotic mycetoma. This review aims to summarize the clinical presentations, methods for diagnosis, treatment recommendations, and prognosis for both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients with opportunistic fungal infections. An example case description is included to illustrate the most common current clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dedeaux
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.D., A.G., J.T.) and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (N.W-U.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Amy Grooters
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.D., A.G., J.T.) and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (N.W-U.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nobuko Wakamatsu-Utsuki
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.D., A.G., J.T.) and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (N.W-U.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Joseph Taboada
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.D., A.G., J.T.) and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (N.W-U.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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35
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Caswell JL, Bassel LL, Rothenburger JL, Gröne A, Sargeant JM, Beck AP, Ekman S, Gibson-Corley KN, Kuiken T, LaDouceur EEB, Meyerholz DK, Origgi FC, Posthaus H, Priestnall SL, Ressel L, Sharkey L, Teixeira LBC, Uchida K, Ward JM, Webster JD, Yamate J. Observational Study Design in Veterinary Pathology, Part 2: Methodology. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:774-785. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818798121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies are a basis for much of our knowledge of veterinary pathology, yet considerations for conducting pathology-based observational studies are not readily available. In part 1 of this series, we offered advice on planning and carrying out an observational study. Part 2 of the series focuses on methodology. Our general recommendations are to consider using already-validated methods, published guidelines, data from primary sources, and quantitative analyses. We discuss 3 common methods in pathology research—histopathologic scoring, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction—to illustrate principles of method validation. Some aspects of quality control include use of clear objective grading criteria, validation of key reagents, assessing sample quality, determining specificity and sensitivity, use of technical and biologic negative and positive controls, blinding of investigators, approaches to minimizing operator-dependent variation, measuring technical variation, and consistency in analysis of the different study groups. We close by discussing approaches to increasing the rigor of observational studies by corroborating results with complementary methods, using sufficiently large numbers of study subjects, consideration of the data in light of similar published studies, replicating the results in a second study population, and critical analysis of the study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff L. Caswell
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Laura L. Bassel
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie L. Rothenburger
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Alberta), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan M. Sargeant
- Department of Population Medicine and Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stina Ekman
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katherine N. Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - David K. Meyerholz
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1165 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Francesco C. Origgi
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Horst Posthaus
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Leslie Sharkey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Leandro B. C. Teixeira
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
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36
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Bennett PF, Talbot JJ, Martin P, Kidd SE, Makara M, Barrs VR. Long term survival of a dog with disseminated Aspergillus deflectus infection without definitive treatment. Med Mycol Case Rep 2018; 22:1-3. [PMID: 30456161 PMCID: PMC6235754 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine disseminated fungal infection by Aspergillus species carries a guarded to grave prognosis as they often rapidly progress and are refractory to treatment with many euthanased soon after diagnosis. This case report describes a 2.5 year old female spayed German Shepherd Dog diagnosed with disseminated Aspergillus deflectus infection for which definitive treatment was declined by the owners. With only palliative management the dog survived three years and two months before succumbing to chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Bennett
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jessica J Talbot
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patricia Martin
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Service, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah E Kidd
- National Mycology Reference Centre, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mariano Makara
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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37
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Groch KR, Díaz-Delgado J, Sacristán C, Oliveira DE, Souza G, Sánchez-Sarmiento AM, Costa-Silva S, Marigo J, Castilho PV, Cremer MJ, Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Esperón F, Catão-Dias JL. Pulmonary and systemic fungal infections in an Atlantic spotted dolphin and a Bryde's whale, Brazil. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 128:73-79. [PMID: 29565255 DOI: 10.3354/dao03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the gross and microscopic findings and molecular identification of 2 cases of hyphate fungal infection in cetaceans from Brazil. The first case involved an adult male Atlantic spotted dolphin Stenella frontalis with localized pulmonary disease characterized by pyogranulomatous and necrotizing bronchopneumonia with intralesional hyphae. The second case involved an adult male Bryde's whale Balaenoptera edeni with orchitis, periorchitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis and pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia with intralesional hyphae. PCR analysis from the dolphin's lung yielded Aspergillus fumigatus, and the fungus from the whale's mesenteric lymph node showed the greatest identity to Nanniziopsis obscura and Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum These cases represent the first reports of pulmonary aspergillosis by A. fumigatus in an Atlantic spotted dolphin and systemic mycosis by a possibly novel Onygenales in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia R Groch
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
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