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Paraschou G, Xue C, Egan R, Bolfa P. Multicentric lymphoma in a donkey with intestinal and bone marrow involvement. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:57. [PMID: 38360691 PMCID: PMC10868081 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphoma is a common neoplasm in horses but is reported much less commonly in donkeys. In this case report, we describe the macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical features of a multicentric lymphoma with intestinal and bone marrow involvement. CASE PRESENTATION A geriatric female donkey with history of chronic lameness was found dead. Post-mortem examination revealed advanced emaciation, periodontal disease, left front foot laminitis and multiple, soft, white to yellow tan intestinal transmural masses, up to 12 cm in diameter. Cytology suggested a round cell intestinal neoplasm. The femur of the left hint limb was double the size of the normal contralateral, with suspected neoplastic infiltration and replacement of bone marrow and bone. Histologically we diagnosed a lymphoma in the intestine and left femur. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells showed CD3 immunolabelling, supporting a diagnosis of a multicentric T-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time multicentric lymphoma is diagnosed in donkeys. Further studies of the genetic background, clinical, laboratory, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical, as well as the pathogenesis of lymphoma, is needed to better understand the uniquely low frequency of this neoplasm in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Paraschou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts And Nevis.
| | - Cynthia Xue
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts And Nevis
| | - Rebecca Egan
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Pompei Bolfa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts And Nevis
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2
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Rissi DR, Avery AC, Burnett RC. T-cell-rich, large B-cell lymphoma in the brain of a horse. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:327-331. [PMID: 36946511 PMCID: PMC10185986 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231164368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell-rich, large B-cell lymphoma (TCRLBCL) is the most commonly diagnosed type of lymphoma in horses. Here we describe the clinical signs, neuropathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) analysis results of a TCRLBCL in the brain of an 8-y-old male Quarter Horse that was euthanized after acute anorexia, tremors, head pressing, falling, blindness, incoordination, and seizures. Autopsy revealed a firm, smooth, pale-yellow mass that expanded both lateral ventricles and the adjacent subcortical white matter. Histologically, the mass consisted of a densely cellular neoplasm composed of large, CD79+ neoplastic B-lymphocytes admixed with sheets of small, CD3+ reactive T-lymphocytes, Iba1+ histiocytes, MUM1+ plasma cells, and rare eosinophils supported by a fine fibrovascular stroma. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue scrolls were retrieved and subjected to PARR analysis, which revealed a clonal reaction in the immunoglobulin gene and a polyclonal reaction for the T-lymphocyte receptor gene, consistent with a neoplastic B-lymphocyte and reactive T-lymphocyte proliferation. The diagnosis of TCRLBCL was suspected histologically and confirmed based on IHC and PARR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Rissi
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne C. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert C. Burnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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3
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Ménard A, Fournier D, Benoit-Biancamano MO. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1184-1186. [PMID: 35439165 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.06.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Ménard
- 1Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano
- 1Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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4
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Camacho‐Luna P, Andrews FM, Dehghanpir SD, Gaunt SD, Kim K, Wakamatsu N, Garcia H. Bicavitary effusion in a horse with multicentric lymphoma. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Camacho‐Luna
- Equine Health Studies Program Veterinary Clinical Sciences Baton RougeUSA
| | - F. M. Andrews
- Equine Health Studies Program Veterinary Clinical Sciences Baton RougeUSA
| | - S. D. Dehghanpir
- Clinical Pathology Comparative Biomedical Sciences Baton Rouge USA
| | - S. D. Gaunt
- Clinical Pathology Comparative Biomedical Sciences Baton Rouge USA
| | - K. Kim
- Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA
| | - N. Wakamatsu
- Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA
| | - H. Garcia
- Kleinpeter and Associates Prairieville Louisiana USA
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5
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Bacci B, Stent AW, Walmsley EA. Equine Intestinal Lymphoma: Clinical-Pathological Features, Immunophenotype, and Survival. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:369-376. [PMID: 32202217 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820906889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common intestinal neoplasm in horses, but its clinical-pathological features are poorly characterized. Primary intestinal lymphoma was diagnosed in 20 horses on biopsy samples and further confirmed by postmortem examination in 16 cases. Lymphoma was found in the small intestine in 12 of 20 (60%), in the colon in 5 of 20 (25%), and in both small and large intestines in 3 of 20 (15%) cases. Gross findings included thickening of the intestinal wall (45%), mural nodules or masses (30%), and both thickening and nodules (10%). Cases were classified according to the human World Health Organization classification as enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) type 1 (40%), EATL type 2 (45%), and T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphoma (TCRLBCL) (15%). With respect to histologic grade, 70% of cases were grade 1 and 30% were grade 2. Of EATLs, the infiltrate was mucosal only (12%), mucosal and submucosal (53%), or transmural (35%). EATL1 was submucosal to transmural (2/8 and 6/8), EATL2 was mucosal to submucosal (3/9 and 6/9), and TCRLBCL was always transmural. Epitheliotropism was present in most EATLs and characterized by single-cell infiltrates within the epithelium in EATL1 and intraepithelial clusters or plaques in EATL2. Median survival was 25 days for EATL1, 90 days for EATL2, and 187.5 days for TCRLBCL; differences were not statistically significant. Of the EATLs, grade 1 had a median survival of 60 days and grade 2 had a median survival of 25 days; differences were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew William Stent
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Ann Walmsley
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Hill FI, Kelly AR, Davis AM, Tse MPY. Large B‐cell lymphoma in the colon and mesocolon of a Thoroughbred racehorse: Detection prior to development of clinical signs using clinicopathological markers of inflammation. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. I. Hill
- City U Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong KowloonHong Kong
| | - A. R. Kelly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Services Equine Hospital The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sha Tin Racecourse Sha Tin Hong Kong
| | - A. M. Davis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Services Equine Hospital The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sha Tin Racecourse Sha Tin Hong Kong
| | - M. P. Y. Tse
- City U Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong KowloonHong Kong
- Animal Health Diagnostic Centre Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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7
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Albuquerque TAF, Drummond do Val L, Doherty A, de Magalhães JP. From humans to hydra: patterns of cancer across the tree of life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1715-1734. [PMID: 29663630 PMCID: PMC6055669 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of multicellularity; it originates when cells become dysregulated due to mutations and grow out of control, invading other tissues and provoking discomfort, disability, and eventually death. Human life expectancy has greatly increased in the last two centuries, and consequently so has the incidence of cancer. However, how cancer patterns in humans compare to those of other species remains largely unknown. In this review, we search for clues about cancer and its evolutionary underpinnings across the tree of life. We discuss data from a wide range of species, drawing comparisons with humans when adequate, and interpret our findings from an evolutionary perspective. We conclude that certain cancers are uniquely common in humans, such as lung, prostate, and testicular cancer; while others are common across many species. Lymphomas appear in almost every animal analysed, including in young animals, which may be related to pathogens imposing selection on the immune system. Cancers unique to humans may be due to our modern environment or may be evolutionary accidents: random events in the evolution of our species. Finally, we find that cancer‐resistant animals such as whales and mole‐rats have evolved cellular mechanisms that help them avoid neoplasia, and we argue that there are multiple natural routes to cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales A F Albuquerque
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, SMHN Quadra 03 conjunto A, Bloco 1 Edifício Fepecs CEP 70, 710-907, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luisa Drummond do Val
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Room 281, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, U.K
| | - Aoife Doherty
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Room 281, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, U.K
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Room 281, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, U.K
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8
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Martabano BB, Brooks DE, Whitley RD, Proietto LR, Conway JA, Zoll WM, Plummer CE. Recurrent adnexal lymphoma in a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. B. Martabano
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FLUSA
| | - D. E. Brooks
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FLUSA
| | - R. D. Whitley
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FLUSA
| | - L. R. Proietto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FLUSA
| | - J. A. Conway
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - W. M. Zoll
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - C. E. Plummer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FLUSA
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9
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Sano Y, Okamoto M, Ootsuka Y, Matsuda K, Yusa S, Taniyama H. Blindness associated with nasal/paranasal lymphoma in a stallion. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:579-583. [PMID: 28163275 PMCID: PMC5383180 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 29-year-old stallion presented with bilateral blindness following the chronic purulent nasal drainage. The mass occupied the right caudal nasal cavity and
right paranasal sinuses including maxillary, palatine and sphenoidal sinuses, and the right-side turbinal and paranasal septal bones, and cribriform plate of
ethmoid bone were destructively replaced by the mass growth. The right optic nerve was invaded and involved by the mass, and the left optic nerve and optic
chiasm were compressed by the mass which was extended and invaded the skull base. Histologically, the optic nerves and optic chiasm were degenerated, and the
mass was diagnosed as lymphoma which was morphologically and immunohistochemically classified as a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Based on these findings, the
cause of the blindness in the stallion was concluded to be due to the degeneration of the optic nerves and chiasm associated with lymphoma occurring in the
nasal and paranasal cavities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the equine blindness with optic nerve degeneration accompanied by
lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Sano
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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10
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Meyer J, Delay J, Bienzle D. Clinical, Laboratory, and Histopathologic Features of Equine Lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2016; 43:914-24. [PMID: 17099148 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-6-914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Clinical, laboratory and tissue findings from 37 horses with lymphoma were investigated. Horses ranged in age from 0.3 to 20.5 years (median 5.0 years) and included 18 females and 19 males. Weight loss ( n = 25) and ventral edema ( n = 21) were the most common historical and physical abnormalities. The most common laboratory abnormalities were hyperfibrinogenemia ( n = 26), hypoalbuminemia ( n = 19), anemia ( n = 19), leukemia ( n = 14), hyperglobulinemia ( n = 13), and thrombocytopenia ( n = 13). Thirty-four tumors involved multiple lymphoid tissues and abdominal or thoracic organs, and 3 tumors were restricted to cutaneous and subcutaneous sites. Histopathologically, all tumors diffusely effaced normal lymph node architecture. Tumor cell morphology was heterogeneous in 17 tumors, and 8 tumors had marked histiocytic and multinucleated giant cell infiltrates. Extensive necrosis or focal fibrosis was present in 22 and 4 lymphomas, respectively. Staining of tumor sections with antibodies against CD3 and CD79α molecules resulted in classification of T-cell ( n = 26) or B-cell ( n = 7) origin. Four tumors could not be classified. Most T-cell tumors comprised small to medium CD3+ lymphocytes, whereas 5 of 7 B-cell tumors were infiltrated by numerous small T lymphocytes and classified as T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma. Neither estrogen nor progesterone receptor expression was consistently identified by immunochemical assessment of tumor tissues. Fresh tumor cells from 6 horses bound antibodies reactive with equine CD4, CD5, CD8, CD21, or major histocompatibility class II molecules, confirming T-cell ( n = 5) or B-cell origin ( n = 1). These findings suggest that T-cell lymphoma is more common than B-cell lymphoma in horses and that inflammation, possibly from tumor cytokine production, is frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meyer
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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11
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Vallone LV, Neaderland MH, Ledbetter EC, Dubielzig RR. Suspected malignant transformation of B lymphocytes in the equine cornea from immune-mediated keratitis. Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 19:172-9. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucien V. Vallone
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | | | - Eric C. Ledbetter
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Richard R. Dubielzig
- Department of Pathological Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53706 USA
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12
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Miller CA, Durham AC, Schaffer PA, Ehrhart EJ, Powers BE, Duncan CG. Classification and clinical features in 88 cases of equine cutaneous lymphoma. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 27:86-91. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638714561653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine cutaneous lymphoma is an uncommon disease that can present with variable clinical signs, immunosuppression, and rapid systemic disease progression. Various subtypes of equine lymphoma have been described and classified according to a veterinary adaptation of the World Health Organization classification system, but little data is available regarding the association between lymphoma subtypes and epidemiological criteria and/or clinical outcome. The objective of the current study was to classify previously diagnosed cases of equine cutaneous lymphoma and correlate subtypes with clinical data to investigate epidemiological trends and prognostic implications. Results from the study confirm T-cell–rich, large B-cell lymphoma (TCRLBCL) as the predominant subtype in equine cutaneous lymphoma. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) was the second most common phenotype in the current study. To the authors’ knowledge, a description of the morphological and immunohistochemical features of CTCL in horses, an epitheliotropic neoplasm similar to the cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma variant (mycosis fungoides) observed in human beings and canids, has not been previously described. Less common lymphoma subtypes identified in the study include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma. Quarter Horses almost exclusively developed TCRLBCL, while the frequency of CTCL was increased significantly in Thoroughbreds compared with other breeds. TCRLBCLs more frequently presented as multiple masses while CTCLs were more often solitary nodules. When multiple regions of the body were affected, 100% of cases were TCRBCL. Finally, there was an observable trend for longer survival in cases of TCRLBCL without local recurrence, suggesting adequate surgical excision may be an effective treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Miller
- Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO (Miller, Schaffer, Ehrhart, Powers, Duncan)
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Durham)
| | - Amy C. Durham
- Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO (Miller, Schaffer, Ehrhart, Powers, Duncan)
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Durham)
| | - Paula A. Schaffer
- Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO (Miller, Schaffer, Ehrhart, Powers, Duncan)
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Durham)
| | - E. J. Ehrhart
- Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO (Miller, Schaffer, Ehrhart, Powers, Duncan)
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Durham)
| | - Barb E. Powers
- Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO (Miller, Schaffer, Ehrhart, Powers, Duncan)
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Durham)
| | - Colleen G. Duncan
- Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO (Miller, Schaffer, Ehrhart, Powers, Duncan)
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Durham)
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13
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Moser DK, Jann HW, Confer AW, Bahr RJ, Kuzma C. Hindlimb lameness caused by systemic lymphosarcoma in a Warmblood mare. EQUINE VET EDUC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Moser
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Veterinary Pathobiology; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater USA
| | - H. W. Jann
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Veterinary Pathobiology; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater USA
| | - A. W. Confer
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Veterinary Pathobiology; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater USA
| | - R. J. Bahr
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Veterinary Pathobiology; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater USA
| | - C. Kuzma
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Veterinary Pathobiology; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater USA
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Newton JA, de Vicente F, Haugland SP, Scase TJ, Helm J. Extra-nodal subcutaneous Hodgkin’s-like lymphoma and subsequent regression in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 17:543-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14541262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin’s-like lymphoma is a slow growing neoplasm, usually affecting the lymph nodes of the head and neck, which has been sporadically described in veterinary patients. This report describes the clinical and histopathological features in a 9-year-old male neutered Siamese cat that presented with a 6 week history of mid-dorsocranial swelling. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive staining for CD79a, paired box protein and B lymphocyte antigen-36, with variable, weak-to-moderate cytoplasmic staining for human leukocyte antigen-DR and CD18, and negative staining for antimacrophage antibody. The diagnosis based on incisional biopsy was Hodgkin’s-like lymphoma; however, no evidence of neoplasia was found following wide surgical excision. This case report demonstrates two unreported items of note: the novel extranodal site of Hodgkin’s-like lymphoma in a cat and tumour regression following initial biopsy. It is hypothesised that the surgical trauma of biopsying the lesion or the introduction of foreign material may have caused the regression of the neoplastic cells through induction of an anti-tumour immune or inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Newton
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Felipe de Vicente
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Jenny Helm
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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15
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Bawa B, Werf KV, Beard L, Davis E, Andrews G, Almes K. Equine Multinodular Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lymphoma in a Horse Associated with Equine Herpesvirus-5. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Rushton JO, Fuchs‐Baumgartinger A, Nell B. Unusual presentation of a T‐cell‐rich large B‐cell lymphoma in the nictitating membrane in a seven‐year‐old Bavarian warmblood gelding. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2014-000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Nell
- Department of Companion Animals and HorsesVeterinary University ViennaAustria
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17
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Wu H, Chen S, Liu M, Xu X, Ji X, Gao K, Tian A, Ke Z, Zhang J, Zhao B, Zhang S. Molecular characterization and evolutionary analysis of horse BAFF-R, a tumor necrosis factor receptor related to B-cell survival. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 18:163-8. [PMID: 24291174 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
B-cell survival depends on signals induced by B-cell activating factor (BAFF) that binds to the BAFF receptor (BAFF-R). Herein, a BAFF-R homolog was identified in a horse (Equus caballus). The horse BAFF-R gene, located on chromosome 28, spans 1444 base pairs and encodes a 183-amino acid protein. The protein is structurally conserved, in which the DxL motif plays an important role in binding to BAFF. Furthermore, the horse BAFF-R extracellular domain was expressed and purified, which specifically bound to His6-sBAFF and had the capability of blocking the function of His6-sBAFF in vitro. Finally, evolutionary analyses indicated that some codon sites of BAFF-R evolve with positive selection and that the genetic relationship among a horse, Chiroptera, and Caniformia are the closest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Science College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Meng Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Science College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Xingzhou Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Science College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Xuemei Ji
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Science College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Kai Gao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Science College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Aiying Tian
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Science College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Zhen Ke
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Science College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | | | - Bo Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Science College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
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Cian F, Tyner G, Martini V, Comazzi S, Archer J. Leukemic small cell lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a horse. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:301-6. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Cian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; UK
| | - G. Tyner
- Chiltern Equine Clinic; Chalfont St Giles; UK
| | - V. Martini
- Department of Animal Pathology, Hygiene and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - S. Comazzi
- Department of Animal Pathology, Hygiene and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - J. Archer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; UK
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19
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Trope GD, McCowan CI, Tyrrell D, Lording PM, Maggs DJ. Solitary (primary) uveal T-cell lymphoma in a horse. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17:139-45. [PMID: 23802547 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A 22-year-old Australian stockhorse gelding was presented with anterior uveitis in the right eye which was nonresponsive to anti-inflammatory therapy. Clinical examination revealed corneal edema and vascularization, marked hypopyon, and thickening of the dorsal iris, which was confirmed by ultrasonography. Hematologic and biochemical analyses, abdominal and thoracic ultrasonography, and abdominocentesis with cytologic and biochemical analysis revealed no significant abnormalities. Cytological examination of an aqueous humor sample revealed a population of predominantly large lymphoblasts with high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, round or irregular nuclei, clumped nuclear chromatin, multiple large prominent nucleoli, and a small volume of basophilic cytoplasm. The cytologic diagnosis was intraocular lymphoma. Biopsy of the right submandibular lymph node revealed no evidence of neoplastic invasion. Euthanasia and a complete necropsy were performed and revealed no evidence of neoplasia in any tissue other than the right eye, which had an extensive, well-defined infiltrate of neoplastic lymphocytes expanding the ciliary body and iris, infiltrating the ciliary epithelium, and extending into the pars plana and peripheral choroid. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that neoplastic cells expressed the T-cell marker CD3. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of primary, solitary uveal T-cell lymphoma in a horse. Although apparently rare, lymphoma should be considered in horses with uveitis, even when inflammation is unilateral and in the absence of extraocular signs of neoplasia. Aqueocentesis and cytological examination provided an antemortem diagnosis in this case and should be considered as a diagnostic tool for investigation of uveal thickening and hypopyon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D Trope
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway Werribee, Melbourne, Vic., 3030, Australia
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20
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Matsuda K, Shimada T, Kawamura Y, Sakaguchi K, Tagami M, Taniyama H. Jejunal intussusception associated with lymphoma in a horse. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1253-6. [PMID: 23629018 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old Thoroughbred horse presented with acute onset of colitis, and the intussuscepted jejunum was surgically resected. A transmural mass protruding into the lumen was found at the leading edge of the intussusceptum. Based on histological and immunohistochemical examinations, the mass was diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with metastasis to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Anatomical localization of the mass in the intussusception and absence of other obvious underlying diseases indicated that the intussusception had occurred in association with the mass. To our knowledge, this case is the first report of equine intussusception associated with focal intestinal lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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21
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Smith KM, Clark CK, Dark MJ, Kiupel M, Gary J. T cell rich, B cell lymphoma in the small colon of a yearling horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2012.00398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Rendle DI, Hughes KJ, Farish C, Kessell A. Multicentric T-cell lymphoma presenting as inferior palpebral swelling in a Standardbred mare. Aust Vet J 2012. [PMID: 23186090 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.01015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old Standardbred mare that presented with bilateral palpebral swelling and a left corneal ulcer was diagnosed with a multicentric T-cell lymphoma. Other clinical findings included submandibular lymphadenopathy and oedema, pharyngeal oedema and rhinitis. Prior to euthanasia the horse developed keratomalacia, the onset of which was coincidental with the use of high doses of topical and systemic corticosteroids. Although an unusual presentation, palpebral swelling should be considered as a clinical sign of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Rendle
- Veterinary Clinical Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
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23
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Penrose LC, Brower A, Kirk G, Bowen IM, Hallowell GD. Primary cardiac lymphoma in a 10-year-old equine gelding. Vet Rec 2012; 171:20. [PMID: 22678616 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L C Penrose
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leics LE12 5RD, UK
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24
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Durham AC, Pillitteri CA, Myint MS, Valli VE. Two Hundred Three Cases of Equine Lymphoma Classified According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification Criteria. Vet Pathol 2012; 50:86-93. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985812451603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common malignant neoplasm in the horse. Single case reports and small retrospective studies of equine lymphomas are reported infrequently in the literature. A wide range of clinical presentations, tumor subtypes, and outcomes have been described, and the diversity of the results demonstrates the need to better define lymphomas in horses. As part of an initiative of the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group, 203 cases of equine lymphoma have been gathered from 8 institutions. Hematoxylin and eosin slides from each case were reviewed and 187 cases were immunophenotyped and categorized according to the World Health Organization classification system. Data regarding signalment, clinical presentation, and tumor topography were also examined. Ages ranged from 2 months to 31 years (mean, 10.7 years). Twenty-four breeds were represented; Quarterhorses were the most common breed ( n = 55), followed by Thoroughbreds ( n = 33) and Standardbreds ( n = 30). Lymphomas were categorized into 13 anatomic sites. Multicentric lymphomas were common ( n = 83), as were skin ( n = 38) and gastrointestinal tract ( n = 24). A total of 14 lymphoma subtypes were identified. T-cell–rich large B-cell lymphomas were the most common subtype, diagnosed in 87 horses. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas ( n = 45) and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas ( n = 26) were also frequently diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Durham
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C. A. Pillitteri
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - M. San Myint
- Department of Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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25
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Ueno T, Wada S, Mashita S, Kuwano A, Katayama Y. Pathological Findings in a Case of Equine T-Cell Lymphoma Associated with Ataxia. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Ritter JM, von Bomhard W, Wise AG, Maes RK, Kiupel M. Cutaneous lymphomas in European pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Pathol 2012; 49:846-51. [PMID: 22308233 DOI: 10.1177/0300985811432352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lymphoma is a common skin neoplasm of pet rabbits in Europe but is rarely reported in pet rabbits in North America. These neoplasms have not been previously characterized, nor has the cause for the apparent predilection for cutaneous lymphoma in European pet rabbits compared with North American pet rabbits been investigated. In this retrospective study, the authors morphologically and immunohistochemically characterized 25 cutaneous lymphomas in European pet rabbits according to the World Health Organization classification. Tumors were classified as diffuse large B cell lymphomas, with 14 lymphomas exhibiting a centroblastic/centrocytic subtype and 11 tumors exhibiting a T cell-rich B cell subtype. To investigate a potential viral etiology of these lymphomas, 3 diffuse large B cell and 3 T cell-rich B cell lymphomas were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction for retroviral and herpesviral genes. Neither virus was detected. In contrast to other domestic animals, cutaneous lymphomas in European pet rabbits were highly pleomorphic and frequently contained multinucleated giant cells. Unexpectedly, the second most common subtype was T cell-rich B cell lymphoma, a subtype that is rare in species other than horses. Based on a limited number of samples, there was no support for a viral etiology that would explain the higher incidence of lymphoma in European pet rabbits compared with American pet rabbits. Further investigation into genetic and extrinsic factors associated with the development of these tumors is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ritter
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
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27
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Sears KP, Divers TJ, Neff RT, Miller WH, McDonough SP. A case of Borrelia-associated cutaneous pseudolymphoma in a horse. Vet Dermatol 2011; 23:153-6. [PMID: 22029872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.01013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes a 10-year-old horse that developed multiple dermal papules over the right masseter area following removal of a tick from the same site 3 months earlier. Histological examination of a biopsy from a papule was suggestive of either a T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma or cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia, a form of pseudolymphoma sometimes associated with a tick bite. Positive serological testing and PCR of the biopsy sample for Borrelia in conjunction with immunohistochemical testing of the skin biopsy, the clinical history and response to treatment with doxycycline strongly supported the diagnosis of Borrelia-associated cutaneous pseudolymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly P Sears
- Fairfield Equine Associates, 32 Bamabas Road, Newtown, CT 06470, USA
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29
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Madron MS, Caston SS, Reinertson EL, Tracey AK, Hostetter JM. Diagnosis and treatment of a primary splenic lymphoma in a mule. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2011.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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du Toit N, Genovese LM, Dalziel RG, Smith SH. Pulmonary angiocentric lymphoma (lymphomatoid granulomatosis) in a donkey. J Comp Pathol 2011; 146:24-9. [PMID: 21571299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 36-year-old donkey developed dyspnoea, pyrexia, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema. Following continued clinical deterioration the donkey was humanely destroyed. Grossly, there were numerous nodules (5-10mm) scattered throughout the lung. Microscopically, the lung was infiltrated by an angiocentric and bronchocentric to diffuse mixed population of small mature and atypical lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells and fewer eosinophils. The infiltrate was composed of numerous small mature and fewer atypical CD3(+) T lymphocytes. Low numbers of CD20(+) and CD79a(+) B cells, some atypical, accompanied the T cells. These infiltrates were consistent with an angiocentric lymphoma and resembled lymphomatoid granulomatosis, an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated human tumour. Immunohistochemistry for EBV latent membrane protein and polymerase chain reaction analysis for equine gamma herpesvirus DNA were negative. To the authors' knowledge this is the first case of angiocentric lymphoma reported in a donkey and the first case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis-type disease in an animal in which possible concurrent infection with a gamma herpesvirus has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N du Toit
- Veterinary Department, The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth EX10 0NU, UK. nicole.dutoit@thedonkeysanctuary
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31
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32
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Mendes LCN, de Araujo MA, Bovino F, Rozza DB, Machado GF, Cadioli FA, Feitosa FFL, Peiró JR. Clinical, histological and immunophenotypic findings in a mare with a mammary lymphoma associated with anaemia and pruritus. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Greet TRC, Boys Smith SJ, Foote AK, Steven WN. Mandibular lymphoma in a three-year-old thoroughbred filly. Vet Rec 2011; 168:80. [PMID: 21257588 DOI: 10.1136/vr.c6097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T R C Greet
- Rossdales Equine Hospital, Exning, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7NN, UK
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34
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Giuliano EA. Equine periocular neoplasia: current concepts in aetiopathogenesis and emerging treatment modalities. Equine Vet J 2010:9-18. [PMID: 20939161 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.tb05629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neoplastic adnexal disease represents one of the most frequently encountered and therapeutically challenging ophthalmic problems of horses. This paper reviews current concepts in equine periocular neoplasia. Specifically, a literature-based review of the aetiopathogenesis of the most common tumours to affect the equine eyelid (squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoid, melanoma and lymphosarcoma) is provided. Current and emerging treatment modalities, including photodynamic therapy, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Giuliano
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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35
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Gerard M, Pruitt A, Thrall DE. Radiation therapy communication: nasal passage and paranasal sinus lymphoma in a pony. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:97-101. [PMID: 20166403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An aged pony with extensive paranasal sinus and nasal passage B-cell lymphoma was treated with palliative radiation therapy. Sixteen gray were administered in two fractions, 7 days apart. A lateral field was used for the first fraction and a dorsal field for the second. Because of tumor being present in the left frontal sinus, gross tumor was knowingly excluded from the treated volume in the lateral field. The tumor regressed within 2 months and the pony remained free of clinical disease for 2.5 years. Acute, temporary blindness developed shortly after the second radiation fraction, but a direct causal relationship with the radiation therapy was not confirmed. The only radiation side effect was leukotrichia. Palliative treatment was successful in improving and prolonging the quality of life. These results suggest that localized equine B-cell lymphoma is radiosensitive, and that palliative radiation therapy is a reasonable consideration for large tumors, even when tumor volume prevents all gross tumor from being irradiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Gerard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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36
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Clinical, immunophenotypic and functional characterisation of T-cell leukaemia in six horses. Equine Vet J 2010; 39:522-8. [DOI: 10.2746/042516407x2163271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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37
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Lymphoproliferative Disease with Features of Lymphoma in the Central Nervous System of a Horse. J Comp Pathol 2008; 139:256-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Evaluation of equine bone marrow and lymph node samples can provide the definitive diagnosis in some cases, and may provide useful information in other cases. Some newer techniques, including immunophenotyping of cells and clonality assays, provide the capability to more precisely identify cells, both as to origin and malignancy. Use of these techniques on equine bone marrow and lymph node samples, and compiling of the data, will eventually provide invaluable information about equine neoplasia that will greatly improve the ability to predict tumor behavior and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Tornquist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 200 Magruder Hall, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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39
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de Bruijn CM, Veenman JN, Rutten VPMG, Teske E, van Nieuwstadt RA, van den Ingh TSGAM. Clinical, histopathological and immunophenotypical findings in five horses with cutaneous malignant lymphoma. Res Vet Sci 2007; 83:63-72. [PMID: 17174365 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Revised: 10/01/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study documents the clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and flow-cytometric findings in five horses with cutaneous non-epidermotropic malignant lymphoma (ML). The median survival time after discovery of the first subcutaneous nodules was 3.8 years (range 2-5 years: n=4). Histologically, the cutaneous ML had a pleiomorphic structure and contained a mixture of large reticulo-endothelial cells, medium-large sized lymphoid cells with a rounded nucleus and small nucleoli, many medium sized lymphoid cells with irregular nuclei, and some small lymphoid cells. Immunohistochemically (IHC) the lymphoid cells were positive for the pan-T-lymphocyte marker CD3 but negative for the B-lymphocyte markers CD21 and kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains. Although routine haematological examination revealed no abnormalities in the horses with cutaneous ML, changes in the peripheral blood lymphocyte population were apparent flow-cytometrically. Compared to clinically healthy horses, a decreased total percentage of cells was recorded in the lymphocyte gate. In three horses with cutaneous ML, an increase in CD4 positive cells was noticed in the monocyte gate. Flow-cytometric analysis of tumour cells collected by fine needle aspiration (FNA) suggested that the cutaneous MLs consisted primarily of CD4 and CD8 positive T-lymphocytes. The results were compared to those of a monomorphic multicentric T- and a monomorphic multicentric B-cell lymphoma. The results of immunohistochemistry and flow-cytometry were largely but not completely in accordance. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that cutaneous non-epitheliotropic malignant lymphomas in the horse are of T-cell origin and that, after improvement of its accuracy, flow cytometric analysis of FNAs might become a useful aid to rapid tumour identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M de Bruijn
- Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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40
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Koch TG, Wen X, Bienzle D. Lymphoma, Erythrocytosis, and Tumor Erythropoietin Gene Expression in a Horse. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Multiple cutaneous lymphosarcomas were diagnosed in an 8-year-old Thoroughbred stallion presented for evaluation of lumps on its scrotum. Histological examination of skin biopsy samples showed a homogenous pattern of lymphoid tissue suggestive of a T-cell lymphosarcoma. Immuno-histochemical tests showed a positive reaction to Rabbit/Anti-Human T-Cell, CD3 antibodies confirming T-cell lymphosarcoma. The animal was not treated and was subsequently euthanased.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Epstein
- Goondiwindi Pastoral Veterinary Centre, University of Queensland, PO Box 168 Goondiwindi, Queensland
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43
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Stoppini R, Gilger BC, Malarkey DE, Ratto A, Brigati G. Bilateral nodular lymphocytic conjunctivitis in a horse. Vet Ophthalmol 2005; 8:129-34. [PMID: 15762926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2005.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Russian jumper horse presented because of an ocular perilimbal conjunctival mass and, on clinical examination, two bilateral conjunctival masses were found, of different size and conformation. Attempts at complete excision of the left eye mass and excisional biopsy of the right eye mass were performed. The left eye mass recurred rapidly, but resolved completely after topical corticosteroid therapy. The two lesions had similar histopathologic features, characterized by focal, chronic, primarily lymphocytic conjunctivitis with follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. Special histopathologic staining techniques (Gomori methenamine silver and acid fast stains) and immunohistochemistry (for CD3, BLA36 and lysozyme) failed to reveal any etiologic agents and indicated an inflammatory lesion composed of a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes and macrophages (nodular lymphocytic conjunctivitis). The lesions were indistinguishable, clinically and behaviorally, from what has been reported as 'conjunctival pseudotumor' in the horse. Equine conjunctival pseudotumor/nodular lymphocytic conjunctivitis has been reported to be unilateral and have a good prognosis after partial or complete surgical excision. This is the first reported case of bilateral nodular lymphocytic conjunctivitis in a horse and for which surgical excision alone was not curative.
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44
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Vo TD, van Ederen AM, Ultee A, Hendriksen SWM, van Beers-Schreurs HMG, Gruys E. Lymphosarcoma in a boar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 51:348-53. [PMID: 15533117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2004.00644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 14-month-old Yorkshire boar was examined. In the abdomen, two big tumour masses were found in the intestines. In addition, pale nodules occurred in the liver, kidneys, in and upon the spleen, in the wall of the heart and in the testicles. By immunohistochemistry tumour cells were positive for CD3, but negative for B-lymphocyte antigen and CD79. From these findings it was concluded that the boar was suffering from multicentric lymphosarcoma probably of T-cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Vo
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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45
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Keen JA, Swain JM, Rhind SM, McGorum BC. Lymphoproliferative Disease Resembling Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis in a Thoroughbred Mare. J Vet Intern Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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46
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D'Agostino JJ, Brightman AH. Bilateral lymphosarcoma of the nictitating membrane in a Quarter Horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2004.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Saulez MN, Schlipf JW, Cebra CK, McDonough SP, Bird KE. Use of chemotherapy for treatment of a mixed-cell thoracic lymphoma in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224:733-8, 699. [PMID: 15002812 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old Oldenburg mare was evaluated because of signs of lower airway disease and subsequently developed bilateral pleural effusion. Neoplastic cells were not identified in the fluid sample obtained via the initial thoracocentesis. A thoracic mass was detected radiographically, but its location prevented collection of a tissue sample. A diagnosis of lymphoma was made on the basis of results of immunophenotyping of pleural fluid specimens. Treatment of thoracic lymphoma in horses has been attempted, but there are limited data regarding chemotherapeutic-induced remission. In this horse, remission was achieved by use of a chemotherapeutic protocol consisting of administration of cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone. No adverse drug reactions were encountered during treatment. Immunophenotyping of cells in specimens of pleural fluid could be used to determine lymphocyte lineage and may be a useful alternative diagnostic modality when morphologic and cytologic examination of tissue specimens obtained via invasive techniques is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montague N Saulez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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48
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Michishita M, Nakamura SI, Sakakibara I, Ono F, Fujimoto K, Kamiya K, Ishii Y, Hayashi K, Yoshikawa Y, Takahashi K. Spontaneous T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Exp Anim 2003; 52:339-44. [PMID: 14562611 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.52.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A spontaneous T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL) occurred as a subcutaneous mass in the buccal region and enlarged submandibular lymph node in a 6-year-old female cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). The constituent cells were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry and the double labeled-immunofluorescence method (dl-IF). Further, in situ hybridization (ISH) was employed to detect the gene expression of Epstein Barr virus (EBV). Histologically, the mass was comprised mainly of neoplastic large lymphoid cells and reactive small mononuclear cells. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic large lymphoid cells were positive for CD20, CD79 alpha, MHC class II, and either IgG, IgM, or IgA. Polyclonal Ig production by the neoplastic large lymphoid cells was demonstrated by dl-IF, although IgG-positive ones predominated in number. On the other hand, most of the small mononuclear cells were positive for CD3 and were regarded as reactive T lymphocytes, while the remaining cells appeared to be histocytes or reactive B-cells. Transcripts of EBV gene were not demonstrated in these neoplastic or reactive cells by ISH. This is the first reported case of spontaneous TCRBCL in the cynomolgus monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary Animal and Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Gavazza A, Lubas G, Turinelli V, Ghernati I, Delgadillo AJ. A case report of T-cell lymphoma in a horse. Vet Res Commun 2003; 27 Suppl 1:403-5. [PMID: 14535440 DOI: 10.1023/b:verc.0000014190.79892.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Gavazza
- Dipartimento di Clinica Veterinaria Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Seitz V, Hummel M, Walter J, Stein H. Evolution of classic Hodgkin lymphoma in correlation to changes in the lymphoid organ structure of vertebrates. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 27:43-53. [PMID: 12477500 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-305x(02)00042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to integrate evolutionary concepts into lymphoma research we mapped features of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (a disease which has been recently described to be derived from germinal center B-cells) onto a phylogenetic tree of vertebrates. Secondly, we matched the phylogenetic occurrence of classic Hodgkin lymphoma to the changes in the lymphoid organ structure during vertebrate evolution. According to our analysis, classic Hodgkin lymphoma evolved exclusively at the developmental stage of mammals. Interestingly the appearance of Hodgkin lymphoma is correlated to the evolution of germinal centers in mammals. This lends some credit to the hypothesis that genes specific to the germinal center reaction are involved in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma. However, as evolution did not stop at the developmental stage of the mammalian stem-species, to a certain extent species with specific differences of classic Hodgkin lymphoma can be expected. One such difference is that classic Hodgkin lymphoma occurs with a significantly higher frequency in humans than in all other mammals. This could be partially due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in approximately 40%-50% of Hodgkin disease cases, that is associated with an expression of the EBV-encoded oncogen LMP-1. In conclusion we propose that the mapping of lymphoma related characteristics onto a phylogenetic tree is a valuable new tool in lymphoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Seitz
- Max Planck Institute Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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