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Jones S, Juhász A, Makaula P, Cunningham LJ, Archer J, Nkolokosa C, Namacha G, Kambewa E, Lally D, Kapira DR, Chammudzi P, Kayuni SA, Musaya J, Stothard JR. A first report of Pseudosuccinea columella (Say, 1817), an alien intermediate host for liver fluke, in Malawi. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:186. [PMID: 38605395 PMCID: PMC11007905 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Starting in October 2021, quarterly malacological surveys have been undertaken in Malawi, with the sampling of 12 specified freshwater habitats throughout a calendar year. Each survey monitors the presence of aquatic intermediate snail hosts of medical and veterinary importance. In March 2023, the alien lymnaeid species Pseudosuccinea columella was encountered for the first time in the surveys, in Nsanje District. This species identity was later confirmed upon DNA analysis of mitochondrial ribosomal 16S sequences. In July 2023, P. columella was also noted at single sites within Mangochi and Chikwawa Districts, and again in Nsanje District, with an additional location observed. Of particular importance, our sampled location in Mangochi District was directly connected to Lake Malawi, which expands the species list of invasive molluscs in this lake. While P. columella is a well-known intermediate snail host for human and animal fascioliasis, screening collected snails for trematode cercariae, alongside molecular xenomonitoring, did not yield equivocal evidence of active fluke infection. However, the newly recognized presence of this alien intermediate snail host within Lake Malawi, and along the Shire River Valley, flags a new concern in altered local transmission potential for human and animal fascioliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jones
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - A Juhász
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Makaula
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome (MLW) Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - L J Cunningham
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - J Archer
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - C Nkolokosa
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome (MLW) Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - G Namacha
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome (MLW) Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - E Kambewa
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome (MLW) Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - D Lally
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome (MLW) Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - D R Kapira
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome (MLW) Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - P Chammudzi
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome (MLW) Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - S A Kayuni
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome (MLW) Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - J Musaya
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome (MLW) Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - J Russell Stothard
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
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Hardy DA, Archer J, Lemaitre P, Vehring R, Reid JP, Walker JS. High time resolution measurements of droplet evaporation kinetics and particle crystallisation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18568-18579. [PMID: 34612393 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A refined technique for observing the complete evaporation behaviour of free-falling droplets, from droplet generation to complete solvent evaporation, with ultra-high time resolution is introduced and benchmarked. High-resolution phase-delay stroboscopic imaging is employed to simultaneously resolve the evolving droplet morphology, geometric and aerodynamic diameters, throughout the evaporative lifetime with a user-controlled < μs timescale. This allows rapid, complex morphological changes, such as crystallisation events, to be clearly observed and the corresponding mechanisms to be inferred. The dried particles are sampled for offline SEM analysis and the observed morphologies compared to the inflight imaging. Density changes can be calculated directly from the deviation between the geometric and aerodynamic diameters. The full capabilities of the new technique are demonstrated by examination of the different evaporation behaviours and crystallisation mechanisms for aqueous sodium chloride droplets evaporating under different ambient relative humidity (RH) conditions. The crystallisation window, defined as the time taken from initial to complete crystallisation, is shown to be RH dependent, extending from 0.03 s at 20% RH and 0.13 s at 40% RH. The different crystallisation mechanisms observed during the experiments are also clearly reflected in the final structure of the dry particles, with multi-crystal structures produced at low RH compared to single-crystal structures at higher RH. It is anticipated that this technique will unlock measurements which explore the evaporation behaviour and crystallisation mechanisms for rapid, complex droplet drying events, and with increasingly non-ideal solutions, relevant to industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Hardy
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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Brennen T, Galli L, Cutajar DL, Alnaghy S, Bucci J, Bece A, Enari K, Favoino M, Carriero M, Tartaglia M, Archer J, Lerch M, Rosenfeld AB, Petasecca M. BrachyView: development of an algorithm for real-time automatic LDR brachytherapy seed detection. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:215015. [PMID: 32756019 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abac9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BrachyView is a novel in-body imaging system developed to provide real-time intraoperative dosimetry for low dose rate prostate brachytherapy treatments. Seed positions can be reconstructed after in-vivo implantation using a high-resolution pinhole gamma camera inserted into the patient rectum. The obtained data is a set of 2D projections of the seeds on the image plane. The 3D reconstruction algorithm requires the identification of the seed's centre of mass. This work presents the development and techniques adopted to build an algorithm that provides the means for fully automatic seed centre of mass identification and 3D position reconstruction for real-time applications. The algorithm presented uses a local feature detector, speeded up robust features, to perform detection of brachytherapy seed 2D projections from images, allowing for robust seed identification. Initial results have been obtained with datasets of 30, 96 and 98 I-125 brachytherapy seeds implanted into a prostate gel phantom. It can detect 97% of seeds and correctly match 97% of seeds. The average overall computation time of 2.75 s per image and improved reconstruction accuracy of 22.87% for the 98 seed dataset was noted. Elimination processes for initial false positive detection removal have shown to be extremely effective, resulting in a 99.9% reduction of false positives, and when paired with automatic frame alignment and subtraction procedures allows for the effective removal of excess counts generated by previously implanted needles. The proposed algorithm will allow the BrachyView system to be used as a real-time intraoperative dosimetry tool for low dose rate prostate brachytherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brennen
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Australia. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Wood JP, Archer J, Calfee MW, Serre S, Mickelsen L, Mikelonis A, Oudejans L, Hu M, Hurst S, Rastogi VK. Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus atrophaeus spores on different surfaces with ultraviolet light produced with a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp or light emitting diodes. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:2257-2269. [PMID: 32692423 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To obtain quantitative efficacy data of two ultraviolet light (UVC) technologies for surface inactivation of Bacillus anthracis Ames and Bacillus atrophaeus spores. METHODS AND RESULTS Spores were deposited onto test coupons and controls of four different materials, via liquid suspension or aerosol deposition. The test coupons were then exposed to UVC light from either a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp or a system comprised of light emitting diodes, with a range of dosages. Positive controls were held at ambient conditions and not exposed to UVC light. Following exposure to UVC, spores were recovered from the coupons and efficacy was quantified in terms of log10 reduction (LR) in the number of viable spores compared to that from positive controls. CONCLUSIONS Decontamination efficacy varied by material and UVC dosage (efficacy up to 5·7 LR was demonstrated). There was no statistical difference in efficacy between the two species or between inoculation methods. Efficacy improved for the LED lamp at lower relative humidity, but this effect was not observed with the mercury vapor lamp. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will be useful in determining whether UVC could be used for the inactivation of B. anthracis spores on different surface types.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Wood
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Archer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M W Calfee
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S Serre
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Land and Emergency Management, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - L Mickelsen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Land and Emergency Management, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - A Mikelonis
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - L Oudejans
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M Hu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - S Hurst
- Excet Inc., Springfield, VA, USA
| | - V K Rastogi
- U.S. Army Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
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Geniole SN, Bird BM, McVittie JS, Purcell RB, Archer J, Carré JM. Is testosterone linked to human aggression? A meta-analytic examination of the relationship between baseline, dynamic, and manipulated testosterone on human aggression. Horm Behav 2020; 123:104644. [PMID: 31785281 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone is often considered a critical regulator of aggressive behaviour. There is castration/replacement evidence that testosterone indeed drives aggression in some species, but causal evidence in humans is generally lacking and/or-for the few studies that have pharmacologically manipulated testosterone concentrations-inconsistent. More often researchers have examined differences in baseline testosterone concentrations between groups known to differ in aggressiveness (e.g., violent vs non-violent criminals) or within a given sample using a correlational approach. Nevertheless, testosterone is not static but instead fluctuates in response to cues of challenge in the environment, and these challenge-induced fluctuations may more strongly regulate situation-specific aggressive behaviour. Here, we quantitatively summarize literature from all three approaches (baseline, change, and manipulation), providing the most comprehensive meta-analysis of these testosterone-aggression associations/effects in humans to date. Baseline testosterone shared a weak but significant association with aggression (r = 0.054, 95% CIs [0.028, 0.080]), an effect that was stronger and significant in men (r = 0.071, 95% CIs [0.041, 0.101]), but not women (r = 0.002, 95% CIs [-0.041, 0.044]). Changes in T were positively correlated with aggression (r = 0.108, 95% CIs [0.041, 0.174]), an effect that was also stronger and significant in men (r = 0.162, 95% CIs [0.076, 0.246]), but not women (r = 0.010, 95% CIs [-0.090, 0.109]). The causal effects of testosterone on human aggression were weaker yet, and not statistically significant (r = 0.046, 95% CIs [-0.015, 0.108]). We discuss the multiple moderators identified here (e.g., offender status of samples, sex) and elsewhere that may explain these generally weak effects. We also offer suggestions regarding methodology and sample sizes to best capture these associations in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Geniole
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, 100 College Dr. North Bay, ON P1B8L7, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Rd, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada; Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - B M Bird
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - J S McVittie
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, 100 College Dr. North Bay, ON P1B8L7, Canada
| | - R B Purcell
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, 100 College Dr. North Bay, ON P1B8L7, Canada
| | - J Archer
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK
| | - J M Carré
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, 100 College Dr. North Bay, ON P1B8L7, Canada.
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Lloyd TD, Neal‐Smith G, Fennelly J, Claireaux H, Bretherton C, Carr AJ, Murphy M, Kendrick BJ, Palmer AJR, Wong J, Sharma P, Osei‐Bonsu PK, Ashcroft G, Baigent T, Shirland E, Espey R, Stokes M, Liew I, Dhawal A, Watchorn D, Lum J, Qureshi M, Khaled AS, Kauser S, Hodhody G, Rogers S, Haywood‐Alexander B, Sheikh G, Mahapatra P, Twaij H, Chicco M, Arnaout F, Atherton T, Mutimer J, Sinha P, Oliver E, Stedman T, Gadd R, Kutuzov V, Sattar M, Robiati L, Plastow R, Howe T, Hassan A, Lau B, Collins J, Doshi A, Tan G, Baskaran D, Hari Sunil Kumar K, Agarwal R, Horner M, Gwyn R, Masud S, Beaumont O, Pilarski A, Lebe M, Dawson‐Bowling S, Nolan D, Tsitskaris K, Beamish RE, Jordan C, Alsop S, Hibbert E, Deshpande G, Gould A, Briant‐Evans T, Kilbane L, Crowther I, Ingoe H, Naisbitt A, Gourbault L, Muscat J, Goh EL, Gill J, Elbashir M, Modi N, Archer J, Ismael S, Petrie M, O'Brien H, McCormick M, Koh NP, Lloyd T, King A, Ikram A, Peake J, Yoong A, Rye DS, Newman M, Naraen A, Myatt D, Kapur R, Sgardelis P, Kohli S, Culverhouse‐Mathews M, Haynes S, Boden H, Purmah A, Shenoy R, Raja S, Koh NP, Donovan R, Yeomans D, Ritchie D, Larkin R, Aladwan R, Hughes K, Unsworth R, Cooke R, Samra I, Barrow J, Michael K, Byrne F, Anwar R, Karatzia L, Drysdale H, Wilson H, Jones R, Dass D, Liaw F, Aujla R, Kheiran A, Bell K, Ramavath AL, Telfer R, Nachev K, Lawrence H, Garg V, Shenoy P, Lacey A, Byrom I, Simons M, Manning C, Cheyne N, Williams J. Peri‐operative administration of tranexamic acid in lower limb arthroplasty: a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Anaesthesia 2020; 75:1050-1058. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. D. Lloyd
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - G. Neal‐Smith
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - J. Fennelly
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - H. Claireaux
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - C. Bretherton
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - A. J. Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - M. Murphy
- University of Oxford UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant Oxford UK
| | - B. J. Kendrick
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - A. J. R. Palmer
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
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Morters MK, Archer J, Ma D, Matthee O, Goddard A, Leisewitz AL, Matjila PT, Wood JLN, Schoeman JP. Long-term follow-up of owned, free-roaming dogs in South Africa naturally exposed to Babesia rossi. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:103-110. [PMID: 32004510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Babesia rossi is an important, tick-borne intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite; however, its natural history and epidemiology is poorly understood. Babesia rossi is the most virulent Babesia sp. in domestic dogs and is generally considered to cause severe babesiosis, which is fatal if left untreated. However, subclinical infections and mild disease from B. rossi have been reported, although the clinical progression of these cases was not reported. Therefore, to better understand B. rossi under field conditions, we evaluated its clinical progression and seroprevalence in an owned, free-roaming dog population in Zenzele, South Africa, where the parasite is endemic and prevention is not routine. The entire dog population in Zenzele was monitored intensively at the individual level from March 2008 until April 2014, primarily for a longitudinal study on rabies control. Subsequent evaluation of B. rossi comprised analyses of clinical and laboratory data collected from the Zenzele dog population during the 6 year study period. A substantial proportion (31% (n = 34)) of 109 dogs (randomly selected from every available dog in February/March 2010 older than ~6-8 weeks (n = 246)) tested by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test had seroconverted strongly to B. rossi. All 34 dogs were generally consistently healthy adults, determined from regular clinical examinations between March 2008 and April 2014. Blood smear examinations at multiple time points between July 2009 and February 2011 were also undertaken for almost all of these (34) seropositive dogs and all those tested were consistently negative for Babesia spp. Subclinical infections and mild disease were also the main findings for a separate group of 18 dogs positive for Babesia spp. on blood smear examination and confirmed to be infected with B. rossi by Polymerase Chain Reaction - Reverse Line Blot. Almost all of these dogs were positive at only one time point from repeat blood smear examinations between July 2009 and February 2011. We suggest that these observations are consistent with immunity acquired from repeated, low-level exposure to the parasite, generating transient subclinical infections or mild disease. Should this be the case, the use of tick control, particularly in adult dogs in free-roaming populations in B. rossi endemic regions, should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Morters
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - J Archer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Ma
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - O Matthee
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A Goddard
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A L Leisewitz
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - P T Matjila
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J L N Wood
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J P Schoeman
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Mason M, Valero-Sanchez I, Archer J, Smith IE. P215 Continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) versus auto-cpap (apap) for the initial treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: clinical efficacy and cost. Sleep Breath 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210983.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Francis N, Rose T, Parrott A, Birtles P, Archer J, Alexander H. 4DOES A WEEKLY COMMUNITY GERIATRIC CLINIC IN PEACEHAVEN REDUCE HOSPITAL ATTENDANCES? Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx115.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Williams TL, Dillon H, Elliott J, Syme HM, Archer J. Serum Cystatin C Concentrations in Cats with Hyperthyroidism and Chronic Kidney Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1083-9. [PMID: 27155206 PMCID: PMC5084826 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, no test can accurately predict the development of azotemia after treatment of hyperthyroidism. Serum cystatin C concentrations (sCysC) might be less influenced by changes in body muscle mass and so better indicate the presence of concurrent chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hyperthyroidism. Hypotheses sCysC will be higher in hyperthyroid cats that develop azotemia compared with hyperthyroid cats that remain nonazotemic after treatment; sCysC will be higher in nonhyperthyroid cats with azotemic CKD than healthy older cats and, sCysC will decrease after treatment of hyperthyroidism. Animals Ninety‐one cats treated in first opinion practice. Methods Case–control study. sCysC were compared between hyperthyroid cats which developed azotemia within 4 months of successful treatment of hyperthyroidism (pre‐azotemic group) and hyperthyroid cats which remained nonazotemic after treatment (nonazotemic group), and between nonhyperthyroid cats with azotemic CKD and healthy older cats. sCysC were also compared between hyperthyroid cats before treatment and at time of establishment of euthyroidism. Data are presented as median [25th, 75th percentile]. Results Baseline sCysC were not different between the pre‐azotemic and nonazotemic groups (1.9 [1.4, 2.3] mg/L versus 1.5 [1.1, 2.2] mg/L, respectively; P = .22). sCysC in nonhyperthyroid cats with azotemic CKD and healthy older cats were not significantly different (1.5 [1.0, 1.9] mg/L versus 1.2 [0.8, 1.4] mg/L, respectively; P = .16). sCysC did not change significantly after treatment of hyperthyroidism (pretreatment 1.8 [1.2, 2.3] mg/L, after treatment 1.6 [1.1, 2.4] mg/L; P = .82). Conclusions and Clinical Importance sCysC do not appear to be a reliable marker of renal function in hyperthyroid cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Williams
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Dillon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Elliott
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - H M Syme
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - J Archer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Williams TL, Archer J. Evaluation of urinary biomarkers for azotaemic chronic kidney disease in cats. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 57:122-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Williams
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ES
| | - J. Archer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ES
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Woźniak M, Derkachov G, Kolwas K, Archer J, Wojciechowski T, Jakubczyk D, Kolwas M. Formation of Highly Ordered Spherical Aggregates from Drying Microdroplets of Colloidal Suspension. Langmuir 2015; 31:7860-7868. [PMID: 26119590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The formation of highly ordered spherical aggregates of silica nanoparticles by the evaporation of single droplets of an aqueous colloidal suspension levitated (confined) in the electrodynamic quadrupole trap is reported. The transient and final structures formed during droplet evaporation have been deposited on a silicon substrate and then studied with SEM. Various successive stages of the evaporation-driven aggregation of nanoparticles have been identified: formation of the surface layer of nanoparticles, formation of the highly ordered spherical structure, collapse of the spherical surface layer leading to the formation of densely packed spherical aggregates, and rearrangement of the aggregate into the final structure of a stable 3D quasi-crystal. The evaporation-driven aggregation of submicrometer particles in spherical symmetry leads to sizes and morphologies of the transient and final structures significantly different than in the case of aggregation on a substrate. The numerical model presented in the article allows us to predict and visualize the observed aggregation stages and their dynamics and the final aggregates observed with SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Woźniak
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Derkachov
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Kolwas
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Archer
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Wojciechowski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Jakubczyk
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Kolwas
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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Derkachov G, Jakubczyk D, Woźniak M, Archer J, Kolwas M. High-Precision Temperature Determination of Evaporating Light-Absorbing and Non-Light-Absorbing Droplets. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:12566-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508823z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Derkachov
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D. Jakubczyk
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Woźniak
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. Archer
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Kolwas
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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Lo WB, Archer J, Carey M, Chasty R, Albanese E. P02 * PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA (PCNSL) IN THE CEREBELLUM: REPORT OF TWO RARE CASES AND A TEN YEAR MULTI-CENTRE REVIEW OF PCNSL. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou249.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sughrue M, Maurer A, Safavi-Abbasi S, Archer J, Sanclement J. Shifting Paradigm from Binostril to Uninostril Endonasal Endoscopic Management of Pituitary Adenomas. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Guzera M, Cian F, Leo C, Winnicka A, Archer J. The use of flow cytometry for immunophenotyping lymphoproliferative disorders in cats: a retrospective study of 19 cases. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14 Suppl 1:40-51. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Guzera
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warsaw Poland
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - F. Cian
- Animal Health Trust; Newmarket UK
| | - C. Leo
- Oncology Service, Royal Veterinary College; University of London; London UK
| | - A. Winnicka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - J. Archer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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Cian F, Palus V, Cherubini GB, Archer J, Villiers E. What is your diagnosis? Cerebrospinal fluid from a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:115-6. [PMID: 24446858 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Cian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Pavlova E, Wang S, Archer J, Dekker N, Aerts J, Karlsson S, Cox T. B cell lymphoma and myeloma in murine Gaucher's disease.
J Pathol
2013; 231: 88–97. J Pathol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pavlova EV, Wang SZ, Archer J, Dekker N, Aerts JMFG, Karlsson S, Cox TM. B cell lymphoma and myeloma in murine Gaucher's disease. J Pathol 2013; 231:88-97. [PMID: 23775597 DOI: 10.1002/path.4227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma and B cell lymphoma are leading causes of death in Gaucher's disease but the nature of the stimulus driving the often noted clonal expansion of immunoglobulin-secreting B cells and cognate lymphoid malignancy is unknown. We investigated the long-term development of B cell malignancies in an authentic model of non-neuronopathic Gaucher's disease in mice: selective deficiency of β-glucocerebrosidase in haematopoietic cells [Gba(tm1Karl/tm1Karl)Tg(Mx1-cre)1Cgn/0, with excision of exons 9-11 of the murine GBA1 gene, is induced by poly[I:C]. Mice with Gaucher's disease showed visceral storage of β-glucosylceramide and greatly elevated plasma β-glucosylsphingosine [median 57.9 (range 19.8-159) nm; n = 39] compared with control mice from the same strain [median 0.56 (range 0.04-1.38) nm; n = 29] (p < 0.0001). Sporadic fatal B cell lymphomas developed in 11 of 21 GD mice (6-24 months) but only two of eight control animals developed tumours by age 24 months. Unexpectedly, most mice with overt lymphoma had absent or few Gaucher cells but local inflammatory macrophages were present. Eleven of 39 of Gaucher mice developed monoclonal gammopathy, but in the control group only one animal of 25 had clonal immunoglobulin abnormalities. Seven of 10 of the B cell lymphomas were found to secrete a monoclonal paraprotein and the lymphomas stained intensely for pan-B cell markers; reactive T lymphocytes were also present in tumour tissue. In the Gaucher mouse strain, it was notable that, as in patients with this disease, CD138(+) plasma cells frequently surrounded splenic macrophages engorged with glycosphingolipid. Our strain of mice, with inducible deficiency of β-glucocerebrosidase in haematopoietic cells and a high frequency of sporadic lethal B cell malignancies, faithfully recapitulates human Gaucher's disease: it serves as a tractable model to investigate the putative role of bioactive sphingolipids in the control of B cell proliferation and the pathogenesis of myelomatosis-the most prevalent human cancer associated with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Pavlova
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Cian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; UK
| | - G. Tyner
- Chiltern Equine Clinic; Chalfont St Giles; UK
| | - V. Martini
- Department of Animal Pathology, Hygiene and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - S. Comazzi
- Department of Animal Pathology, Hygiene and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - J. Archer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; UK
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Watson
- Queen's Veterinary School HospitalUniversity of CambridgeMadingley RoadCambridgeCB3 OES
| | - J. Archer
- Queen's Veterinary School HospitalUniversity of CambridgeMadingley RoadCambridgeCB3 OES
| | | | - T. J. Scase
- Bridge PathologyThe Courtyard, 26 Oakfield RoadBristolBS8 2AT
| | - M. E. Herrtage
- Queen's Veterinary School HospitalUniversity of CambridgeMadingley RoadCambridgeCB3 OES
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Harris BJ, Constantino-Casas F, Archer J, Herrtage ME. Loeffler's endocarditis and bicavity eosinophilic effusions in a dog with visceral mast cell tumour and hypereosinophilia. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:429-33. [PMID: 23809908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 9-year-old crossbred dog was presented with a 2-week history of diarrhoea and tachypnoea. Marked circulating eosinophilia was identified. Pleural and abdominal effusions were detected by radiography and ultrasonography and cytological examination of these fluids revealed a predominance of eosinophils. Splenic and hepatic cytology revealed mast cell neoplasia, which was confirmed as visceral mast cell tumour on post-mortem examination. Histological changes of myocardial inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis were found. These findings are consistent with Loeffler's endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Harris
- Northwest Surgeons, Delamere House, Ashville Point, Sutton Weaver, Cheshire WA7 3FW, UK.
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23
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Archer J, Russell R, Perry J. Emergency radiology II--Head trauma. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2013; 158:341-4, 356. [PMID: 23402076 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-158-04-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This is the second of three self-assessment articles which aim to further readers' understanding of diagnostic imaging, and its integral role in the management of patients with emergency conditions, through a series of case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Archer
- Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham
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Archer J, Russell R, Perry J. Emergency radiology III--Chest and limb trauma. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2013; 158:345-9, 356. [PMID: 23402077 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-158-04-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This is the final of three self-assessment articles which aims to further readers' understanding of diagnostic imaging, and its integral role in the management of patients with emergency conditions, through a series of case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Archer
- Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham 2Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham 3Ministry of Defence Hospital Unit Peterborough, Cambridgeshire
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25
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Maharaj RG, De Shong S, Archer J, Cassar M, Harricharran S, Jagroop S, Khan A, Khatri N, Koshy S. Why do patients with non-life threatening conditions bypass their local health centres? A cross-sectional survey at accident and emergency departments in Trinidad. W INDIAN MED J 2013; 62:165. [PMID: 24564072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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26
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Sommerey CC, Borgeat K, Hetzel U, Archer J, Torrance A. Intrathoracic Myxosarcoma in a Dog. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:199-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Archer J, Russell R, Perry J. Self-Assessment Exercises in Emergency Radiology I – Abdominal Trauma. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2012; 158:135-40. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-158-02-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of a particle-enhanced turbidimetric assay for measuring canine urinary cystatin C and to investigate if the urinary cystatin C to creatinine ratio is higher in dogs with renal disease than in non-renal disease dogs. METHODS Urinary cystatin C was measured by particle-enhanced turbidimetric assay using an avian antihuman cystatin C antibody and the performance of this assay was evaluated. Clinical relevance was tested in 46 dogs that were divided into three groups: healthy dogs (n=14), non-renal disease dogs (n=17) and dogs with renal disease (n=15). RESULTS The assay was linear (R(2)=0·99) and precise (mean intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 2·3 and 2·9%, respectively). The recovery was 111·5% and the limit of blank was 0·02 mg/L. Urinary cystatin C and urinary cystatin C to creatinine ratio differed significantly (P<0·001) between the three cohorts of dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Measurement of cystatin C by particle-enhanced turbidimetric assay performed with high precision and linearity. This assay can be processed on automated clinical chemistry analysers making it widely available to commercial laboratories. Urinary cystatin C to creatinine ratio can differentiate dogs with renal disease from dogs without renal disease. These preliminary results suggest that urinary cystatin C to creatinine ratio is a promising marker for evaluating renal tubular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Monti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
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Li F, Ozkaya E, Akula K, De Sutter P, Oktay K, Rives N, Milazzo JP, Perdrix A, Bironneau A, Travers A, Mace B, Liard A, Bachy B, Elbaz V, Vannier JP, Delle Piane L, Dolfin E, Salvagno F, Molinari E, Gennarelli G, Marchino GL, Revelli A, Durmaz A, Komurcu N, Sanchez-Serrano M, Dolmans MM, Greve T, Pellicer A, Donnez J, Yding Andersen C, Vlismas A, Sabatini L, Edwards C, Mohamed M, Caragia A, Pepas L, Al-Shawaf T, Sanhueza P, Carrasco I, Rios M, Donoso P, Salinas R, Enriquez R, Saez V, Gonzalez P, Aydin Y, Cepni I, Ocal P, Aydin B, Aydogan B, Salahov R, Idil M, Akman L, Akdogan A, Sahin G, Terek C, Ozsaran A, Dikmen Y, Goker ENT, Tavmergen E, Grynberg M, Poulain M, Sebag Peyrelevade S, Treves R, Frydman N, Fanchin R, Borras A, Manau D, Espinosa N, Calafell JM, Moreno V, Civico S, Fabregues F, Balasch J, Kim MK, Lee DR, Cha SK, Lee WS, Kim YS, Won HJ, Han JE, Yoon TK, Torgal M, Bravo I, Metello JL, Sanches F, Sa e Melo P, Silber S, Ernst E, Andersen C, Naasan M, Oluyede G, Kirkham C, Ciprike V, Mocanu E, Martinez-Madrid B, Encinas T, Tinetti P, Jimenez L, Gilabert JA, Picazo RA, Wiweko B, Maidarti M, Bastings L, Liebenthron J, Westphal JR, Beerendonk CCM, Gerritse R, Braat DDM, Montag M, Peek R, Bernstein S, Wiesemann C, Karimi M, Omani Samani R, Labied S, Delforge YVES, Munaut C, Blacher S, Colige A, Delcombel R, Henry L, Fransolet M, Perrier d'Hauterive S, Nisolle M, Foidart JM, Sakai H, Sakamoto E, Kuchiki M, Doshida M, Toya M, Kyono K, Kyoya T, Ishikawa T, Nakamura Y, Shibuya Y, Tomiyama T, Kyono K, Sakamoto E, Sakai H, Kuchiki M, Sato K, Nakajo Y, Kyono K, Hashemifesharaki M, Falcone P, Lofiego V, Pisoni M, Ricci S, Pilla F, Mereu L, Mencaglia L, Westphal JR, Gerritse R, Beerendonk CCM, Bastings L, Braat DDM, Peek R, Schmidt KT, Nyboe Andersen A, Yding Andersen C, Noyes N, Melzer K, Fino ME, Druckenmiller S, Smith M, Knopman JM, Devesa M, Coroleu B, Tur R, Gonzalez C, Rodriguez I, Veiga A, Barri PN, Courbiere B, Decanter C, Bringer-Deutsch S, Rives N, Mirallie S, Pech JC, De Ziegler D, Carre-Pigeon F, May-Panloup P, Sifer C, Amice V, Schweitzer T, Porcu-Buisson G, Gook D, Archer J, Edgar DH, Maldonado I, Varghese A, Lopez P, Cervantes E, Gongora A, Sharma R, Granja J, Marquez MT, Agarwal A. MALE AND FEMALE FERTILITY PRESERVATION. Hum Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/27.s2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Capelli SC, Mason SA, Forsyth VT, Allibon JR, Archer J. A multi-purpose neutron diffractometer at the ILL: the state-of-the-art of D19. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311099235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Gow DJ, Gow AG, Bell R, Spratt D, Cash R, Ricketts S, Archer J, Mellanby RJ. Serum cardiac troponin I in dogs with primary immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. J Small Anim Pract 2011; 52:259-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Watson
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital; University of Cambridge; Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 OES
| | - J. Archer
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital; University of Cambridge; Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 OES
| | - A. J. Roulois
- GlaxoSmithKline, The Frythe; Welwyn Hertfordshire AL6 9AR
| | - T. J. Scase
- Bridge Pathology, The Courtyard; 26 Oakfield Road Bristol BS8 2AT
| | - M. E. Herrtage
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital; University of Cambridge; Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 OES
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Puranik R, Lackey H, Stewart J, Archer J, Mann K, Celermajer D, Parker G. The Clinical Utility of Cardiac MRI in a Quaternary Referral Centre. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Archer J. Eric John Holborow. West J Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b5480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Denman M, Archer J, Winrow V. John Holborow (1918-2009). Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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37
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Raffan E, Loureiro J, Dukes-McEwan J, Fonfara S, James R, Swift S, Bexfield N, Herrtage M, Archer J. The Cardiac Biomarker NT-proBNP Is Increased in Dogs with Azotemia. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:1184-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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38
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Pillay N, Flanagan D, Abbott D, Archer J, Jackson G. EEG-fMRI network differences to interictal paroxysmal fast activity and slow spike wave in Lennox Gastaut syndrome. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Niesalla HS, Dale A, Slater JD, Scholes SFE, Archer J, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW. Critical assessment of an in vitro bovine respiratory organ culture system: a model of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection. J Virol Methods 2009; 158:123-9. [PMID: 19428580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A bovine in vitro organ culture (BIVOC) system was evaluated as a model to study host and pathogen events during the course of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection. Upper respiratory tract epithelium, from slaughtered animals, was cultured in an air-liquid interface system and integrity, viability, and TNF-alpha gene expression of tissue explants were monitored over 72h in the presence or absence of infection by bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1). Uninfected explants maintained viability and integrity over the 72h time course although histological signs of degeneration were first visible from 24h of culture. Explants were productively infected with BHV-1 and typical, dose dependent, cytopathic changes were observed in response to infection. Regulation of TNF-alpha gene expression in uninfected explants varied over time and was region-specific but there was significant down-regulation of TNF-alpha gene expression at 2h post-infection when compared to uninfected controls at the same time point. Taking caveats into consideration the BIVOC system shows promise as a tool for analysis of immediate or early events in host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Niesalla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
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Turner M, Allibon J, Archer J, Clergeau J, Courtois P, Davidson M, Forsyth T, Fuard S, Fuller W, Guerard B, Howard J, Mason S. New developments on the D19 state-of-the-art single-crystal neutron diffractometer. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308079221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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41
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Mellor PJ, Haugland S, Smith KC, Powell RM, Archer J, Scase TJ, Villiers EJ, McNeil PE, Nixon C, Knott C, Fournier D, Murphy S, Polton GA, Belford C, Philbey AW, Argyle DJ, Herrtage ME, Day MJ. Histopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Cytologic Analysis of Feline Myeloma-Related Disorders: Further Evidence for Primary Extramedullary Development in the Cat. Vet Pathol 2008; 45:159-73. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-2-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Feline myeloma-related disorders (MRD) are rare neoplasms of plasma cells. The multistep transformation model of myeloma in humans is based on the premise that plasma cells undergo neoplastic transformation primarily within the intramedullary compartment and that over time they become poorly differentiated and metastasize to extramedullary locations. Historically, diagnostic criteria used for human multiple myeloma have been applied to the cat, with the assumption that feline MRD commonly arises in the intramedullary compartment. Our objectives were to describe the features of feline MRD confirmed by cytology, histopathology, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry and to categorize these tumors. A priori hypotheses were 1) tumor category predicts survival and 2) cats with well-differentiated tumors commonly have extramedullary involvement in contrast to human myeloma patients. This multicenter, retrospective study identified 26 MRD cases. There was good agreement between histopathologic and cytologic tumor categorization. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were shown to be valuable adjunct tests in the diagnosis of MRD. Cats with well-differentiated tumors had increased median survival relative to those with poorly differentiated tumors (254 versus 14 days). We have reported that marked extramedullary involvement at initial clinical presentation is significantly more common in the cat than in human MRD patients. In this study, we demonstrate that cats with well-differentiated tumors more commonly have extramedullary involvement than human myeloma patients with well-differentiated tumors (90% versus 20%, P < 0.0002). These results contrast strongly with the human myeloma model of primary intramedullary neoplastic transformation and suggest that primary extramedullary neoplastic transformation may be more common in feline MRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Mellor
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - S. Haugland
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - K. C. Smith
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UK
| | - R. M. Powell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Archer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - T. J. Scase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - E. J. Villiers
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - C. Nixon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - G. A. Polton
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, UK
| | | | - A. W. Philbey
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - D. J. Argyle
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - M. E. Herrtage
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - M. J. Day
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK
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O'Brien PJ, Fournel-Fleury C, Bolliger AP, Freeman KP, Braun JP, Archer J, Paltrinieri S, Tvedten H, Polizopoulou ZS, Jensen AL, Pastor J, Lanevschi-Pietersma A, Thoren-Tolling K, Schwendenwien I, Thoresen SI, Bauer NB, Ledieu D, Cerón JJ, Palm M, Papasouliotis K, Gaál T, Vajdovich P. Establishment of the European College of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ECVCP) and the current status of veterinary clinical pathology in Europe. Vet Clin Pathol 2008; 36:325-30. [PMID: 18041696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2007.tb00435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After 5 years of development, the European College of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ECVCP) was formally recognized and approved on July 4, 2007 by the European Board of Veterinary Specialisation (EBVS), the European regulatory body that oversees specialization in veterinary medicine and which has approved 23 colleges. The objectives, committees, basis for membership, constitution, bylaws, information brochure and certifying examination of the ECVCP have remained unchanged during this time except as directed by EBVS. The ECVCP declared full functionality based on the following criteria: 1) a critical mass of 65 members: 15 original diplomates approved by the EBVS to establish the ECVCP, 37 de facto diplomates, 7 diplomates certified by examination, and 5 elected honorary members; 2) the development and certification of training programs, laboratories, and qualified supervisors for residents; currently there are 18 resident training programs in Europe; 3) administration of 3 annual board-certifying examinations thus far, with an overall pass rate of 70%; 4) European consensus criteria for assessing the continuing education of specialists every 5 years; 5) organization of 8 annual scientific congresses and a joint journal (with the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology) for communication of scientific research and information; the College also maintains a website, a joint listserv, and a newsletter; 6) collaboration in training and continuing education with relevant colleges in medicine and pathology; 7) development and strict adherence to a constitution and bylaws compliant with the EBVS; and 8) demonstration of compelling rationale, supporting data, and the support of members and other colleges for independence as a specialty college. Formal EBVS recognition of ECVCP as the regulatory body for the science and practice of veterinary clinical pathology in Europe will facilitate growth and development of the discipline and compliance of academic, commercial diagnostic, and industry laboratories in veterinary clinical pathology. Future needs are in developing sponsorship for resident positions, increasing employment opportunities, increasing compliance with laboratory, training, and continuing education standards, and advancing relevant science and technology.
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Kneebone R, Nestel D, Yadollahi F, Brown R, Nolan C, Durack J, Brenton H, Moulton C, Archer J, Darzi A. Assessing procedural skills in context: Exploring the feasibility of an Integrated Procedural Performance Instrument (IPPI). Med Educ 2006; 40:1105-14. [PMID: 17054620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of clinical procedural skills has traditionally focused on technical elements alone. However, in real practice, clinicians are expected to be able to integrate technical with communication and other professional skills. We describe an integrated procedural performance instrument (IPPI), where clinicians are assessed on 12 clinical procedures in a simulated clinical setting which combines simulated patients (SPs) with inanimate models or items of medical equipment. Candidates are observed remotely by assessors whose data are fed back to the clinician within 24 hours of the assessment. This paper describes the feasibility of IPPI. RESULTS A full-scale IPPI and 2 pilot studies with trainee and qualified health care professionals has yielded an extensive data set including 585 scenario evaluations from candidates, 60 from clinical assessors and 31 from simulated patients (SPs). Interview and questionnaire data showed that for the majority of candidates IPPI provided a powerful and valuable learning experience. Realism was rated highly. Remote and real-time assessment worked effectively, although for some procedures limited camera resolution affected observation of fine details. DISCUSSION IPPI offers an innovative approach to assessing clinical procedural skills. Although resource-intensive, it has the potential to provide insight into individual's performance over a spectrum of clinical scenarios and at no risk to the safety of patients. Additional benefits of IPPI include assessment in real time from experts (allowing remote rating by external examiners) as well as provision of feedback from simulated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kneebone
- Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproduction and Anesthetics, Department of Biosurgery and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
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Sharma HSS, Kilpatrick M, Lyons G, Sturgeon S, Archer J, Moore S, Cheung L, Finegan K. Visible and near-infrared calibrations for quality assessment of fresh phase I and II mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) compost. Appl Spectrosc 2005; 59:1399-405. [PMID: 16316519 DOI: 10.1366/000370205774783241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that visible and near-infrared spectra (Vis-NIR) of dry and milled compost can be used for generating partial least squares (PLS) calibrations of phase II compost parameters including ammonia, nitrogen dry matter (NDM), dry matter (DM), pH, conductivity, carbon, microbial population, and potential productivity. The objective of this study was to develop robust calibrations for some of the key parameters from the spectra of fresh phase I and II composts. Samples of substrates from six commercial production yards were obtained during winter and summer months of 2000-2004 to monitor changes in quality and were analyzed for the test factors. Vis-NIR reflectance measurements of fresh samples (740) were made over the range of 400-2500 nm. After mathematical pretreatments, PLS calibrations of the key parameters were developed using the NIR (1100-2500 nm) and visible and NIR (400-2500 nm) regions and subsequently validated using an independent sample set of 123 phase I and II samples obtained during 2004-2005. The phase I and II standard errors of laboratory measurements of ammonia, pH, conductivity, DM, NDM, and ash were lower than the standard error of predictions of the same parameters, respectively, by the best NIR or Vis-NIR models. The degree of precision for some of the calibrations, especially ammonia, NDM, and DM, is suitable for composters to monitor changes in quality parameters during production. The laboratory measurement errors for phase I samples were greater than those of the phase II samples, except for ash, due to a higher degree of heterogeneity in the substrate. The calibrations, especially for pH, conductivity, and ash, need to be improved with new sample sets. A major advantage of NIR spectroscopy is the ability to assess substrate quality for a range of target parameters simultaneously, within a few hours of receiving the samples. The main drawbacks are the expensive instrumentation, expertise, and training necessary for operating the spectrometer and a dedicated chemometrician required for maintaining the equations compared to the reference methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S S Sharma
- Department of Applied Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The Queen's University of Belfast, Applied Plant Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK.
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Bourne H, Archer J, Baker G. Sperm Retrieval and Outcome of Treatment in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the value of measuring blood levels of the myocardial protein cardiac troponin I (cTnl) in the diagnosis of congenital and acquired heart disease in the dog and in the evaluation of the severity of heart failure. METHODS Serum samples obtained from healthy dogs (n = 26) and from dogs diagnosed with a variety of congenital and acquired heart conditions (n = 35) were assayed for cTnl concentration using an automated immunoassay method. Results were also analysed according to the degree of heart failure as assessed using the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council's scheme. RESULTS Healthy dogs had very low or undetectable blood cTnl levels, as did dogs with congenital heart disease. However, cTnl levels were significantly elevated in dogs with acquired mitral valve disease, dilated cardiomyopathy and pericardial effusion. Blood cTnl levels also varied with severity of heart failure. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Measurement of blood cTnl levels may be a useful aid in the diagnosis of dogs with suspected heart disease and in indicating the severity of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Spratt
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES
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Allison PJ, Edgar L, Nicolau B, Archer J, Black M, Hier M. Results of a feasibility study for a psycho-educational intervention in head and neck cancer. Psychooncology 2004; 13:482-5. [PMID: 15227717 DOI: 10.1002/pon.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With survival rates for people with head and neck (H&N) cancers static during the past 30 years and the enormous burden of psychosocial impacts they suffer well documented, the testing of psychosocial interventions in this group is a priority. OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility of providing a psycho-educational intervention for people with H&N cancer. METHODOLOGY A prospective non-randomised design was used. Subjects were patients with H&N cancer. They were offered the Nucare coping strategies program in one of three formats: small group and one-to-one formats with therapists; and a home format, with material for home use, without a therapist. Outcomes measures (quality of life (QOL) and anxiety and depression) were collected at baseline and following the intervention. Analyses were performed using non-parametric statistics. RESULTS Of 128 people invited to participate, 66 agreed, 59 completed the intervention and 50 had outcomes data. Following the intervention, there were significant improvements in physical and social functioning and global QOL, and reduced fatigue, sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the intervention is desired by the target group, feasible to deliver after cancer therapy and may have some beneficial effects, although an appropriately designed study is required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Allison
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Gook DA, Edgar DH, Borg J, Archer J, McBain JC. Diagnostic assessment of the developmental potential of human cryopreserved ovarian tissue from multiple patients using xenografting. Hum Reprod 2004; 20:72-8. [PMID: 15471928 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ovarian tissue cryopreservation for women at risk of losing ovarian function is offered by many clinics, there is a lack of evidence relating to the developmental potential of the stored tissue and, therefore, its clinical potential. This study was designed to use xenografting of cryopreserved tissue from multiple patients to assess the reproducibility of preservating developmental potential, the variation in developing follicle profile and the relationship between pre-freeze histology and post-thaw development. METHODS Using previously published methods, cryopreserved ovarian cortex from nine patients was thawed and grafted under the kidney capsules of immunodeficient mice. Development of follicles was assessed after 26 weeks and compared to histology prior to freezing. RESULTS Multiple growing follicles including antral stages were observed in multiple grafts of tissue from all patients. Metaphase II oocytes (n=9) were observed in follicles in grafts from five patients. There was no relationship between pre-freeze histology and developing follicle profile in xenografts. CONCLUSIONS The propanediol freezing method used in this study is capable of reproducibly preserving the developmental potential of human ovarian follicles. The developing follicle profile after cryopreservation cannot be accurately predicted from pre-freeze histology. Xenografting provides a powerful tool for assessing the potential of human cryopreserved ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A Gook
- Reproductive Services, Royal Women's Hospital, 132 Grattan Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Melbourne IVF, 320 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
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